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PIA15160
Globale Ansicht der Sonne im Röntgenlicht
siehe Legende
Globale Ansicht der Sonne im Röntgenlicht.
© NASA/TRACE
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Merkur, globale Ansicht in orthographischer Projektion,
zentriert auf 0° N, 0° O
© NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
The above image shows an orthographic projection of this global mosaic
centered at 0°N, 0°E. The rayed crater Debussy can be seen towards the
bottom of the globe and the peak-ring basin Rachmaninoff can be seen
towards the eastern edge.
The MESSENGER spacecraft is the first ever to orbit the planet Mercury, and
the spacecraft's seven scientific instruments and radio science investigation
are unraveling the history and evolution of the Solar System's innermost
planet. Visit the Why Mercury? section of this website to learn more about
the key science questions that the MESSENGER mission is addressing. During
the one-year primary mission, MDIS is scheduled to acquire more than
75,000 images in support of MESSENGER's science goals.
Instrument: Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) and Wide Angle Camera (WAC) of
the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS)
Resolution: 2.5 km/pixel
Scale: Mercury's diameter is 4880 kilometers (3030 miles)
Map Projection: orthographic
Center Latitude: 0°
Center Longitude: 0°
These images are from MESSENGER, a NASA Discovery mission to conduct
the first orbital study of the innermost planet, Mercury. For information
regarding the use of images, see the MESSENGER image use policy.
Image Credit:
NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie
Institution of Washington
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P-39225
EFD09
Venus global, Zentrum 180° O
Erde, globale Ansicht mit Afrika, aufgenommen von Apollo 17
© NASA/JPL
© NASA
This global view of the surface of Venus is centered at 180 degrees east
longitude. Magellan synthetic aperture radar mosaics from the first cycle of
Magellan mapping are mapped onto a computer- simulated globe to create
this image. Data gaps are filled with Pioneer Venus Orbiter data, or a
constant mid-range value. Simulated color is used to enhance small-scale
structure. The simulated hues are based on color images recorded by the
Soviet Venera 13 and 14 spacecraft. The image was produced by the Solar
System Visualization project and the Magellan science team at the JPL
Multimission Image Processing Laboratory and is a single frame from a video
released at the October 29, 1991, JPL news conference.
This view of Earth was seen by the Apollo 17 crew as they traveled toward
the moon on their NASA lunar landing mission. This outstanding trans-lunar
coast photograph extends from the Mediterranean Sea area to the
Antarctica south polar ice cap. This is the first time the Apollo trajectory
made it possible to photograph the south polar ice cap. Note the heavy
cloud cover in the Southern Hemisphere. Almost the entire coastline of
Africa is clearly visible. The Arabian Peninsula can be seen at the
northeastern edge of Africa. The large island off the coast of Africa is the
Malagasy Republic. The Asian mainland is on the horizon toward the
northeast. The Apollo 17 crew consisted of astronauts Eugene A. Cernan,
mission commander; Ronald E. Evans, command module pilot; and Harrison
H. Schmitt, lunar module pilot. While astronauts Cernan and Schmitt
descended in the Lunar Module (LM) to explore the moon, astronaut Evans
remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) in lunar orbit.
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PIA00405
Erde, globale Ansicht der östlichen Hemisphäre
Globale Ansicht des Mondes, farbverstärkt
siehe Legende
© NASA/JPL
The Blue Marble
© NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Image by Reto Stöckli (land surface,
shallow water, clouds). Enhancements by Robert Simmon (ocean color,
compositing, 3D globes, animation). Data and technical support: MODIS
Land Group; MODIS Science Data Support Team; MODIS Atmosphere Group;
MODIS Ocean Group Additional data: USGS EROS Data Center (topography);
USGS Terrestrial Remote Sensing Flagstaff Field Center (Antarctica); Defense
Meteorological Satellite Program (city lights).
This spectacular “blue marble” image is the most detailed true-color image
of the entire Earth to date. Using a collection of satellite-based observations,
scientists and visualizers stitched together months of observations of the land
surface, oceans, sea ice, and clouds into a seamless, true-color mosaic of
every square kilometer (.386 square mile) of our planet. These images are
freely available to educators, scientists, museums, and the public.
Much of the information contained in this image came from a single
remote-sensing device-NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer, or MODIS. Flying over 700 km above the Earth onboard
the Terra satellite, MODIS provides an integrated tool for observing a variety
of terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric features of the Earth. The land and
coastal ocean portions of these images are based on surface observations
collected from June through September 2001 and combined, or composited,
every eight days to compensate for clouds that might block the sensor’s view
of the surface on any single day. Two different types of ocean data were
used in these images: shallow water true color data, and global ocean color
(or chlorophyll) data. Topographic shading is based on the GTOPO 30
elevation dataset compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey’s EROS Data
Center. MODIS observations of polar sea ice were combined with
observations of Antarctica made by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration’s AVHRR sensor—the Advanced Very High Resolution
Radiometer. The cloud image is a composite of two days of imagery
collected in visible light wavelengths and a third day of thermal infra-red
imagery over the poles. Global city lights, derived from 9 months of
observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, are
superimposed on a darkened land surface map.
During its flight, the Galileo spacecraft returned images of the Moon. The
Galileo spacecraft took these images on December 7, 1992 on its way to
explore the Jupiter system in 1995-97. The distinct bright ray crater at the
bottom of the image is the Tycho impact basin. The dark areas are lava rock
filled impact basins: Oceanus Procellarum (on the left), Mare Imbrium (center
left), Mare Serenitatis and Mare Tranquillitatis (center), and Mare Crisium
(near the right edge). This picture contains images through the Violet, 756
nm, 968 nm filters. The color is 'enhanced' in the sense that the CCD
camera is sensitive to near infrared wavelengths of light beyond human
vision. The Galileo project is managed for NASA's Office of Space Science by
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
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PIA00407
PIA02873
Mars, globale Ansicht mit dem Valles Marineris, Mosaik aus
etwa 1000 Aufnahmen
Jupiter, globale Ansicht in hoher Auflösung und simulierter
Echtfarbe
© NASA/JPL
© NASA/JPL/Cassini Imaging Team/University of Arizona
About 1000 Viking Orbiter red- and violet-filter images have been processed
to provide global color coverage of Mars at a scale of 1 km/pixel. Individual
image frames acquired during a single spacecraft revolution were first
processed through radiometric calibration, cosmetic cleanup, geometric
control, reprojection, and mosaicing. We have produced a total of 57
"single-rev" mosaics. All of the mosaics are geometrically tied to the Mars
Digital Image Mosaic, a black-and-white base map with a scale of 231
m/pixel. We selected a subset of single-rev mosaics that provide the best
global coverage (least atmospheric obscuration and seasonal frost);
photometric normalization was applied to remove atmospheric effects and
normalize the variations in illumination and viewing angles. Finally, these
normalized mosaics were combined into global mosaics. Global coverage is
about 98% complete in the red-filter mosaic and 95% complete in the
violet-filter mosaic. Gaps were filled by interpolation. A green-filter image
was synthesized from an average of the red and violet filter data to complete
a 3-color set. The Viking Orbiters acquired actual green-filter images for only
about half of the Martian surface. The final mosaic has been reprojected into
several map projections. The orthographic view shown here is centered at 20
degrees latitude and 60 degrees longitude. The orthographic view is most
like the view seen by a distant observer looking through a telescope. The
color balance selected for these images was designed to be close to natural
color for the bright reddish regions such as Tharsis and Arabia, but the data
have been "stretched" such that the relatively dark regions appear darker
and less reddish that their natural appearance. This stretching allows us to
better see the color and brightness variations on Mars, which are related to
the composition or physical structure of the surface materials, which include
volcanic lava flows, wind- and water-deposited sedimentary rocks, and (at
the poles) ice caps. The north polar cap is visible in this projection at the top
of the image, the great equatorial canyon system (Valles Marineris) below
center, and four huge Tharsis volcanoes (and several smaller ones) at left.
Also note heavy impact cratering of the highlands (bottom and right portions
of this mosaic) and the younger, less heavily cratered terrains elsewhere.
Diese simulierte Echtfarbenansicht von Jupiter besteht aus Aufnahmen, die
am 7. Dezember 2000 gewonnen wurden. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt waren
bereits vier Aufnahmen nötig, um den gesamten Planeten abbilden zu
können. Die Bilder wurden zu einem Mosaik zusammengesetzt und zunächst
in einer zylindrischen Kartenprojektion zusammengefügt. Diese Karte wurde
dann auf eine abgeplattete Kugel projiziert, um zu verdeutlichen, wie Jupiter
aussehen würde, wenn das Blickfeld der Kamera groß genug gewesen wäre,
um den gesamten Planeten zu erfassen. Die Auflösung beträgt 144
Kilometer pro Bildpunkt. (Anmerkung: Der 7. Dezember war auch der 5.
Jahrestag der Galileomission am Jupiter.)
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PIA11141
P-29478
Saturn, hochauflösende globale Ansicht mit Ringsystem, Titan,
Janus, Mimas, Pandora, Epimetheus und Enceladus in Echtfarbe
Uranus, zwei globale Ansichten in Echtfarbe und Falschfarben
© NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
These two pictures of Uranus -- one in true color (left) and the other in false
color -- were compiled from images returned Jan. 17, 1986, by the
narrow-angle camera of Voyager 2. The spacecraft was 9.1 million
kilometers (5.7 million miles) from the planet, several days from closest
approach. The picture at left has been processed to show Uranus as human
eyes would see it from the vantage point of the spacecraft. The picture is a
composite of images taken through blue, green and orange filters. The
darker shadings at the upper right of the disk correspond to the day-night
boundary on the planet. Beyond this boundary lies the hidden northern
hemisphere of Uranus, which currently remains in total darkness as the
planet rotates. The blue-green color results from the absorption of red light
by methane gas in Uranus' deep, cold and remarkably clear atmosphere. The
picture at right uses false color and extreme contrast enhancement to bring
out subtle details in the polar region of Uranus. Images obtained through
ultraviolet, violet and orange filters were respectively converted to the same
blue, green and red colors used to produce the picture at left. The very slight
contrasts visible in true color are greatly exaggerated here. In this false-color
picture, Uranus reveals a dark polar hood surrounded by a series of
progressively lighter concentric bands. One possible explanation is that a
brownish haze or smog, concentrated over the pole, is arranged into bands
by zonal motions of the upper atmosphere. The bright orange and yellow
strip at the lower edge of the planet's limb is an artifact of the image
enhancement. In fact, the limb is dark and uniform in color around the
planet. The Voyager project is manages for NASA by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory.
As Saturn advances in its orbit toward equinox and the sun gradually moves
northward on the planet, the motion of Saturn's ring shadows and the
changing colors of its atmosphere continue to transform the face of Saturn
as seen by Cassini.
This captivating natural color view was created from images collected shortly
after Cassini began its extended Equinox Mission in July 2008. It can be
contrasted with earlier images from the spacecraft's four-year prime mission
that show the shadow of Saturn's rings first draped high over the planet's
northern hemisphere, then shifting southward as northern summer changed
to spring (see PIA06606 and PIA09793). During this time, the colors of the
northern hemisphere have evolved from azure blue to a multitude of
muted-colored bands.
This mosaic combines 30 images—10 each of red, green and blue
light—taken over the course of approximately two hours as Cassini panned
its wide-angle camera across the entire planet and ring system on July 23,
2008, from a southerly elevation of 6 degrees.
Six moons complete this constructed panorama: Titan (5,150 kilometers, or
3,200 miles, across), Janus (179 kilometers, or 111 miles, across), Mimas
(396 kilometers, or 246 miles, across), Pandora (81 kilometers, or 50 miles,
across), Epimetheus (113 kilometers, or 70 miles, across) and Enceladus (504
kilometers, or 313 miles, across).
NASA's Cassini spacecraft captured these images at a distance of
approximately 1.1 million kilometers (690,000 miles) from Saturn and at a
sun-Saturn-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 20 degrees. Image scale is 70
kilometers (43.6 miles) per pixel.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European
Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a
division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the
mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The
Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and
assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space
Science Institute in Boulder, Colo.
For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/. The Cassini imaging team homepage is at
http://ciclops.org.
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© NASA/JPL
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P-35669
Neptun, globale Ansicht
© NASA/JPL
This picture of Neptune was produced from the last whole planet images
taken through the green and orange filters on the Voyager 2 narrow angle
camera. The images were taken at a range of 4.4 million miles from the
planet, 4 days and 20 hours before closest approach. The picture shows the
Great Dark Spot and its companion bright smudge; on the west limb the fast
moving bright feature called Scooter and the little dark spot are visible. These
clouds were seen to persist for as long as Voyager's cameras could resolve
them. North of these, a bright cloud band similar to the south polar streak
may be seen.
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