2007 NANOTIC Walloon Programme of Excellence at UCL

Transcrição

2007
NANOTIC
Walloon Programme of Excellence at UCL
© UCL-DICE
© UCL-DICE
Réalisation : UCL/ADRE/M.Plevoets/2007
Introduction
«NANOTIC essaims de senseurs intelligents» est le troisième programme d'excellence financé par
la Région wallonne. Il s'inscrit dans le cadre des "Actions prioritaires pour l'avenir wallon", plus
connues sous le nom de Plan Marshall.
Ce programme confirme les compétences de l'UCL dans les domaines des nanotechnologies et des
technologies de l'information et de la communication. En effet, l'UCL dispose d'équipes reconnues
internationalement dans le domaine de la réalisation matérielle des micro-composants, de la
recherche sur les nano-objets ou encore en matière de communication, stockage, analyse et
sécurité des données.
Le programme NANOTIC repose sur une approche multidisciplinaire et se subdivise en cinq projets
principaux, abordés en parallèle. Parmi ceux-ci, un projet démonstrateur intégrera les différentes
composantes et illustrera les possibilités d'applications de la plate-forme technologique mise en
place. Ce projet a été choisi dans le domaine bio-médical. Il explorera la faisabilité de la détection
d'anomalies de fonction des protéines.
Les autres domaines d'application sont vastes et concernent bon nombre d'entreprises actives dans
le domaine biomédical, environnemental, logistique, automobile, aérospatial,…
Le programme « Nanotic » assure la mise en place d’un pôle d’expertise dans le domaine des
nanotechnologies associées aux technologies de l’information. Il répond également à la volonté des
autorités de développer des recherches multidisciplinaires de haut niveau et de rapprocher les
acteurs de la recherche de Woluwé et Louvain-la-Neuve, ainsi que ceux des universités membres
de l'Académie universitaire 'Louvain'.
L’objectif de ce document est de donner un aperçu des compétences mises en œuvre et
d’assurer une meilleure visibilité à cet ambitieux projet, notamment auprès de
partenaires industriels potentiels.
Roland KEUNINGS
Prorecteur à la recherche
___________________________________________________
« NANOTIC » vise un changement de paradigme dans les approches du diagnostic. Dans un avenir plus ou
moins proche, on pourra disperser dans un milieu complexe à investiguer (corps humain, écosystème,
équipement industriel,.) un essaim de capteurs spécifiques. Ces composants furtifs seront porteurs d'éléments
sensibles de très petite taille, typiquement un micro-système intégrant des capteurs basés sur les micro-nanotechnologies, l'électronique, la communication, les antennes et le système de source/génération électrique.
Ils permettront la transmission des informations sur le milieu dans lequel ils évoluent. Celles-ci pourront être
recueillies en temps réel et à distance, sans contact réel avec le milieu étudié, à l'inverse de la technique de
l'échantillonnage couramment utilisée jusqu'à présent.
Contact : [email protected] Tel. 32(0)10 47 81 35 ou
[email protected] Tel. 32(0)10 47 92 04
Foreword
NANOTIC, Walloon programme of excellence, is a 12.5 million euros, 5 years, project funded by the
Ministry of the "Région wallonne" to establish a programme of excellence at the Université
catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, aiming at the convergence between
nanotechnology, information technology and biomedical applications. Research topics include
nanosensors, electronics, wireless communication, molecular diagnostic…
The programme is divided in five projects running in parallel, completed by a demonstrator
integrating the different components and illustrating the potential applications of the developed
technological platform:
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
WP
WP
WP
WP
WP
1
2
3
4
5
"FEELING": Molecular recognition and first signal generation
"CITE": Integrated electronics transducing components
"TSARINE": Stochastic signal processing for searching nano-data in swarms
"COSMOS": Secured communication wireless objects
"DEDDICAS": Deciphering of the various assembled cell compartments
The programme also includes the extension of the UCL micro-nano-fabrication infrastructure
towards unique, open and versatile capabilities for nano-bio-electronics.
Results obtained during the first 18 months of the project concern top-down and bottom-up organic
and inorganic nanowire fabrications, ultra-low-power electronics, DNA hybridization detection…
Details
about
the
project,
http://www.nanotic.net .
the
partners
and
their
expertise
are
available
at
Prof. Denis FLANDRE
Unit of Devices Integrated and Electronic Circuits
Contact author:
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10/47 81 35
U N I V E R S I T É
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
L O U V A I N
–
N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
Content
1. Nanostructured materials
11. Micro- and nano-electro mechanical systems
L. Piraux, S. Matefi, S. Michotte
J.P. Raskin, D. Flandre, Th. Pardoen, J. Proost, A. Cornet
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
2. Functional organic and hybrid nanowirres and
nanotubes
S. Demoustier
12. Microsensors and micro-electronics circuits
integrated on silicon and silicon-on-insulator (SOI)
substrates
_______________________________________
D. Flandre
3. Structure and properties of semi-crystalline
polymers
_______________________________________
A. Jonas, J. Legras
13. Materials and processes in semiconductor
devices and MEMS
_______________________________________
J.P. Raskin, D. Flandre, Th. Pardoen, J. Proost; A. Cornet
4. Nano-electronics : advanced silicon devices and
circuits
_______________________________________
14. Digital circuits and systems
V. Bayot, D. Flandre, J.D. Legat, J.P. Raskin, D.Vanhoenacker
D. Flandre, J.D. Legat, J.J. Quisquater
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
5. Molecular nano electronics
S. MELINTE, J.F. GOHY, V. BAYOT
15. Application of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for the development of nano-biosensors
_______________________________________
V. Bayot, S. Demoustier, A. Jonas, B. Nysten
6. Surface characterization and treatment
_______________________________________
P. Bertrand, A. Delcorte, S. Yunus, C. Poleunis
16. Nanotechnology of biosurfaces
_______________________________________
P. Rouxhet, Ch. Dupont, Y. Dufrêne
7. Surface and interface characterization
_______________________________________
P. Bertrand, A. Delcorte, C. Poleunis
17. Physical chemistry of biosurfaces
_______________________________________
P. Rouxhet, Ch. Dupont, Y. Dufrêne
8. Interactions at surfaces : from adsorption and
adhesion to smart coatings
Ch. Dupont, P. Rouxhet
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
18. Biomaterial interfaces
M. Debatty, Ch. Dupont, Y. Dufrêne, P. Rouxhet
_______________________________________
9. In situ monitoring of thin film synthesis and
transformation processes
19. Biomaterials surface & interface and biosensors
J. Proost, F. Delannay
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
10. Organic electronics : processing and
characterization of thin films of electroactive
molecules for field-effect transistors
P. Bertrand, A. Delcorte, C. Poleunis, S. Yunus
20. Nano-bio-sensors for biomedical assays
V. Bayot, S. Demoustier, A. Jonas, B. Nysten
_______________________________________
V. Bayot, A. Jonas, S. Melinte, B. Nysten
21. Enzymes and protein engineering
_______________________________________
J. Fastrez, P. Soumillon
_______________________________________
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
L O U V A I N
22. Development of a microarray allowing the study
of the genic expression in prostatic cancers
J.L. Gala
_______________________________________
23. Development of microarray for genotyping
bacteria and mycobacteria
J.L. Gala
_______________________________________
24. Multigenotypic identification of pathogenic
bacteria and their resistance determinant using
biochip technology
J.L. Gala
_______________________________________
25. Pharmacogenetics of cytochrome p450,
thiopurine-methyl-transferase and multidrug
resistance
J.L. Gala
_______________________________________
26. Wireless communications
C. Oestges, L. Vandendorpe, D. Vanhoenacker
_______________________________________
27. Signal processing and information theory for
wired communications (DSL and PLC)
L. Vandendorpe, J. Louveaux
_______________________________________
28. Signal processing for positioning
L. Vandendorpe, J. Louveaux, Ch. Craeye
______________________________________
29. Satellite communications
C. Oestges, D. Vanhoenacker
_______________________________________
30. Cryptography
J.J. Quisquater
_______________________________________
31. Wireless autonomous smart sensor networks
D. Flandre, J.P. Raskin, D. Vanhoenacker, Ch. Craeye, L.
Vandendorpe
______________________________________
32. Analysis of signals generated by micro-arrays
J.L. Gala, B. Macq, A. Robert
_______________________________________
33. Molecular imaging for radiotherapy
B. Macq, V. Gregoire
–
N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
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N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
1.
Nanostructured materials
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Luc PIRAUX
4Stefan MATEFI
4Sébastien MICHOTTE
4Physical properties of superconducting
nanowires and heterostructures.
Research Field and Subjects
The research activity in the group of Prof. L.
Piraux deals with experimental research in the
field of nanostructured materials and lowdimensional
systems,
including
the
investigation of both their physical properties
and their synthesis with the aim of generating
new structural arrangements tailored to
specific desired properties.
Over the last decade, the group has
extensively used nanoporous templates (such
as polymer membranes and nanoporous
anodic
alumina)
and
electrochemical
techniques to fabricate and to study the
properties of magnetic and superconducting
nanowires. This templating method is very
attractive as it has proven to be reliable for the
synthesis of arrays of nanowires and
multilayers
of
desired
composition,
microstructure, sizes, aspect ratios and layer
thickness.
Nanowires and nanotubes are central
elements in nanoscience and nanotechnology
for various applications such as nanoelectronic
devices, optical components, interconnects for
nanoelectronics, mechanical reinforcement,
near field probes, super lubricating surfaces,
biotechnology expands, chemical sensors,
high density data storage, field and light
emitters, etc.
Numerous interesting properties have been
identified, in relation with the nanoscopic
dimensions of the materials. These
properties include giant magnetoresistance
effects, magnetization processes in single
nanowires,
one-dimensional
superconductivity,
quantum
electrical
transport, spin dynamics, field emission, etc.
The 3 main topics are :
4Electronic transport and magnetism
magnetic nanowires and multilayers.
in
4Fabrication of highly ordered nanoporous
anodic alumina and template synthesis of
nanomaterials.
Products and Services
4Electrical & thermal measurements.
4Magnetic & high frequency measurements.
4Thin film metal deposition.
4Electrodeposition of metal & alloys.
4Synthesis of nanowires & multilayers.
4Fabrication of nanoporous alumina.
4SEM & EDX analysis.
4Cryogenics & high magnetic fields.
Main Equipment
4High vacuum coating systems (sputtering
and e-beam).
4Battery of potentiostats.
4High
Resolution
Scanning
Electron
4Microscopy & EDX probe.
4Battery of He-4 systems.
4Top loading He-3 system & a dilution fridge.
45T SQUID magnetometer.
4Network analyser (up to 65GHz).
4Electromagnets & superconducting magnets
(up to 17T).
4Power supply, nanovoltmeter, temperature
controller, etc.
Representative References
4F. ELHOUSSINE, S. MATEFI-TEMPFLI, A.
ENCINAS and L. PIRAUX. Conductance
quantization in magnetic nanowires
electrodeposited in nanopores . Appl. Phys.
Lett. 81, 1681, 2002.
4D.Y. VODOLAZOV ,F. M. PEETERS, L. PIRAUX,
S. MATEFI-TEMPFLI and S. MICHOTTE. Currentvoltage
characteristics
of
quasi-one
Nanotic 1
dimensional superconductors : S-behavior in
the constant voltage regime . Phys. Rev. Lett.
91, 157001-1, 2003.
4S. MICHOTTE, S. MATEFI-TEMPLI and L.
PIRAUX. Current-voltage characteristics of Pb
and Sn granular superconducting nanowires.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4119, 2003.
4A. SAÏB, D. VANHOENACKER-JANVIER, I.
HUYNEN, A. ENCINAS, L. PIRAUX, E. FERAIN
and R. LEGRAS. A magnetic photonic bandgap
material at microwave frequencies based on
ferromagnetic nanowires . Appl. Phys. Lett. 83,
2378, 2003.
4S. MICHOTTE, L. PIRAUX, F. BOYER, F.R.
LADAN and J.P. MANEVAL. Development of
phase-slip centers in superconducting Sn
nanowires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3175, 2004.
4L. VILA, P. VINCENT, L. DAUGINET-DE PRAC,
G. PIRIO, E. MINOUX, L. GANGLOFF, S.
DEMOUSTIER- CHAMPAGNE, N. SARAZIN, E.
FERAIN, R. LEGRAS, L. PIRAUX and P.
LEGAGNEUX. Growth and field emission
properties of vertically aligned cobalt nanowire
arrays. Nano-Letters 4, 521, 2004.
4L. PIRAUX, A. ENCINAS, L. VILA, S. MATEFITEMPFLI, M. MATEFI-TEMPFLI, M. DARQUES,
F. ELHOUSSINE and S. MICHOTTE. Magnetic
and superconducting nanowires . J. of
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 5, 376,
2005.
4M. DARQUES, L. PIRAUX, A.ENCINAS, P.
BAYLE-GUILLEMAUD, A. POPA and U. EBELS.
Electrochemical control and selection of the
structural and magnetic properties of cobalt
nanowires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 072508,
2005.
Patents
4Multiple bath electrodeposition. L. PIRAUX
and S. MATEFI–TEMPFLI - EP0111055.8.
4Method for the localized growth of
nanothreads or nanotubes. P. LEGAGNEUX, P.
Partnership
4CeRMiN – UCL, Belgium.
4Pôle in PAI on «Quantum size effects in
nanostructured materials».
4Network of Excellence « Functionalised
advanced materials engineering of hybrids
and ceramics » (FAME).
4EU program, STREP, «Templates for
engineered nano-objects for use in
microwave,
electronic
devices
and
biomedical sensing applications» .
4THALES
4CEA
4LETI
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
cryogenics
electrical properties
electrodeposition
high frequency
magnetic characterization
metallic nanowires
microstructure
nanotechnologies
superconductivity
thin films & multilayers
vacuum deposition
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Luc PIRAUX
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 66
Stefan MATEFI
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 24 09
Sebastien MICHOTTE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 90 70
WEB SITES
http://www.pcpm.ucl.ac.be
http://www.cermin.ucl.ac.be
VINCENT, J-P SCHNELL, L. PIRAUX, L. VILA, E.
FERAIN and R. LEGRAS – WO2005015596.
Awards
Luc Piraux : Laureat Price Georges
Vanderlinden, Académie Royale de Belgique,
1999.
Nanotic 1
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
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N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
2.
Functional organic and hybrid nanowires and nanotubes
SENIOR SCIENTIST :
4Sophie DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE
Among the different strategies to synthesize
nanoscopic materials, template synthesis is an
This
elegant and versatile approach.
technique consists of including metallic or
organic constituents inside the void spaces of
nanoporous host materials.
For several years, we are developing
strategies to synthesize a large variety of
functional organic, metallic and hybrid
nanostructures using the various nanoporous
templates developed in POLY laboratory. A
major significant advantage of this template
method is that it yields nanotubes or nanowires
with monodisperse diameters and lengths and
that the length and diameter can be accurately
controlled. The nanostructures can remain
inside the pores or can be freed from the
template and collected as an ensemble of free
particles. Alternatively, if nanostructures are
synthesized within a supported porous thin film
and the template is removed, an ensemble of
nanostructures that protrude from the surface
like the bristles of a brush can be obtained.
Until now, arrays of conjugated polymer
(polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene and
derivatives) nanotubes and nanowires have
been
chemically
and
electrochemically
synthesized. More recently, metallic nanowires
containing an organic (macro)molecular
nanojunction were also prepared. These
materials present interesting electrical, optical,
electrochemical and mechanical properties
and are good candidates for application in
nanoelectronics.
Another part of our research activities are
dedicated to the development of methods
allowing surface modification of the membrane
pore walls by stimuli-responsive polymers.
Polymer brushes are grafted onto the pore
walls either by a “grafting to” or a “grafting
from” approaches. Depending on their
chemical structure, grafted functionalized
polymers respond to external stimuli
(variations of temperature, of pH, …), paving
the way to membranes of controllable and
switchable permeability.
Finally, we are also interested in developing
methods to immobilize proteins (enzymes,
antibodies and antigens) onto micro- and
nanoelectrodes in order to fabricate ultrasensitive biosensors. Pursuing this aim, we are
preparing arrays of uniform gold micro- and
nanotubes aligned parallel to each other by
electroless deposition of the metal within the
pores of a template. Alkylthiols bearing a
functional terminal group are then selfassembled within these gold nanostructures.
This organic monolayer serves as anchoring
layer to covalently fix biomolecules onto the
nanoelectrodes. Amperometric detection of
glucose and hydrogen peroxide using such
enzyme-modified
nanotubular
electrode
ensembles has already been performed. This
study showed that high sensitivity, selectivity
and stability could be reached with these
nanobiosensors.
Conjugated polymer films and nanostructures
arrays
Main Equipment
4Electrochemical analysis & synthesis
(chronoamperometry, voltametry, …).
4Spectroscopies : FTIR, Raman, UV-visible
4High-resolution
scanning
electron
microscopy (FE-SEM with EDX).
4Transmission electron microscopy (TEM with
EELS & EDX).
4Access to surface analysis facilities (XPS,
ToF-SIMS, contact angle).
4C. JEROME, S. DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE,
LEGRAS, R. JEROME. Electrochemical
synthesis of conjugated polymer wires and
R.
Nanotic 2
nanotubules. Chem. Eur. J., 6 (17), 30893093, 2000.
4L. DAUGINET, A.S. DUWEZ, R. LEGRAS, S.
DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE.
Surface
Modification
of
Polycarbonate
and
Polyethyleneterephtalate
Films
and
Membranes by Polyelectrolyte Deposition.
Langmuir, 17, 3952-3957, 2001.
4J.L. DUVAIL, S. GARREAU, P. RETHO, S.
DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE. Synthesis and
Characterization
of
poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) nanofiber. Synthetic
Metals , 131, 123-128, 2002.
4M. DELVAUX, S. DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE.
Immobilisation of glucose oxydase on metallic
nanotubes arrays for application to glucose
biosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics,
18(7), 943-951, 2003.
Nanowire
Arrays.
Journal
of
The
Electrochemical Society, 152, 130-135, 2005.
Partnership
This pluridisciplinary research topic involves
collaboration with different colleagues :
4UCL /unit POLY,(A.S. Duwez, E. Ferain, A.
Jonas, R. Legras, B. Nysten)
4UCL /unit PCPM ( L. Piraux) .
4UCL /unit DICE (V. Bayot, S.Melinte).
4UCL /unit CMAT,(.F. Gohy).
4Institut des Matériaux de Nantes (J.L.
Duvail), France.
4Université de Nancy (A. Walcarius),France.
4Région wallonne, Dir. Research
Technology (DGTRE), Belgium.
&
4S. ROUX, A.S. DUWEZ, S. DEMOUSTIERCHAMPAGNE. Surface initiated polymerization
of styrene from carboxylic acid functionalized
polypyrrole coated electrode. Langmuir, 19,
306-313, 2003.
4S. ROUX, S. DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE.
Surface
initiated
polymerization
from
poly(ethylene terephtalate). Journal of Polymer
Science: Part A.: Polymer Chemistry, 41(10),
1347-1359, 2003.
4M. DELVAUX, S. DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE,
A. WALCARIUS. Flow Injection Amperometric
Detection
at
enzyme-modified
gold
nanoelectrodes. Electroanalysis, 16(3), 190198, 2004.
4M.
DELVAUX,
A.
WALCARIUS,
S.
Electrocatalytic
H2O2 amperometric detection using gold
nanotube electrode ensembles. Analytica
Chimica Acta, 525 (2), 221-230, 2004.
4M.
DELVAUX,
A.
WALCARIUS,
S.
DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE. Bi-enzyme HRP-
GOx modified gold nanoelectrodes for the
sensitive amperometric detection of glucose at
low
overpotential.
Biosensors
and
Bioelectronics, 20, 1587-1594, 2005.
4L.
DAUGINET-DEPRA, S. DEMOUSTIERCHAMPAGNE. Investigation of the electronic
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
electrosynthesis and electroanalysis
nano-biosensors
nanoelectronics
nanomaterials
nanoporous polymer membranes
organic and hybrid nanowires and
nanotubes
surface functionalization
surface initiated polymerization
SENIOR SCIENTIST
Sophie DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 40 15
WEB SITES
http://www.poly.ucl.ac.be
http://www.nano.be
structure
and
spectroelectrochemical
properties of conductive polymer nanotubes
arrays. Polymer, 46(5), 1583-1594, 2005.
4L.
DAUGINET-DEPRA, S. DEMOUSTIERCHAMPAGNE. A comparative study of the
electronic
structure
and
spectroelectrochemical
properties
of
electrosynthesized polyaniline films and
nanotubes. Thin Solid Films, 479(1-2), 321328, 2005.
4O. REYNES, S. DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE.
Template
Electrochemical
Growth
of
Polypyrrole
and
Gold-Polypyrrole-Gold
Nanotic 2
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
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N A N O T I C
3.
P R O G R A M M E
Structure and properties of semi-crystalline polymers
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Alain JONAS
4Roger LEGRAS
Although polymer crystallization is a research
topic of practical relevance, many basic issues
regarding polymer crystallization are still open.
Consequently, we have been active in different
ways in this field, from industry-oriented
studies on nucleation mechanisms (fillers,
chemical nucleation) or on the effect of
processing on semi-crystalline structure and
properties, to basic studies on ways to control
chain folding and on crystal-amorphous
interphases.
In our group, a special attention is always
given to the set of relationships connecting the
molecular architecture of polymer chains to the
structure and properties of the solid,
depending on the application of specific
processing methods or thermal treatments.
The molecular architectures are assessed by
fractionation methods, chromatography and
spectroscopy. The solid state structure is
investigated by complementary techniques,
such as microscopy (optical, AFM, TEM and
image analysis) and X-ray scattering (at wide
and small angles).
Frequently, studies are performed on systems
more amenable to analysis, such as model
polymers and oligomers synthesized in our
laboratory, or polymer fractions obtained by
preparative
temperature-rising
elution
fractionation. This last approach is especially
relevant for complex polymer systems as
typically obtained in industrial synthetic
processes, which can be decomposed to
obtain a more thorough understanding of the
role of each entity in the global synergy of the
material.
Recently, we have been especially interested
in using semi-crystalline polymers in
nanotechnology. We have investigated how
chains can be tailored to force crystallization in
crystals of unique nanometric thickness, and
are now engaged in the evaluation of polymer
morphology after frustrated crystallization in
nano-molds such as those used for nanoimprint lithography (see figure below). Under
proper circumstances, control over crystal
orientation can be achieved at a local scale
with sub-micron resolution.
4Contract research on specific aspects of
polymer crystallization, including industrial
systems with different levels of complexity.
4Characterization of morphology by wide- and
small-angle X-ray scattering, optical microscopy,
electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
Temperature-dependent measurements possible.
4Fractionation methods for semi-crystalline
polymers (preparative and analytical).
4Thermal
analysis
polymers (DMA, DSC).
of
semi-crystalline
Main Equipment
X-ray diffractometry (small and wide angles),
microscopy (AFM, SEM, TEM) and related image
analysis techniques, preparative and analytical
TREF, size-exclusion chromatography.
4VIVILLE P., DAOUST D., JONAS A.M., NYSTEN
B. , LEGRAS R., DUPIRE M., MICHEL J., DEBRAS
G. Characterization of the molecular structure
of
polypropylenes
synthesized
by
heterogeneous
Ziegler-Natta
catalysts.
Polymer, 42, 1953-1967, 2001.
4IVANOV D.A., POP T., YOON D.Y., JONAS A.M..
Direct observation of crystal-amorphous
interphase
in
lamellar
semicrystalline
poly(ethylene terephthalate). Macromolecules,
35, 9813-9818, 2002.
Nanotic 3
4HAUBRUGE H.G., DAUSSIN R., JONAS A.M.,
LEGRAS R., WITTMANN J.C., LOTZ B. Epitaxial
nucleation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by
talc : structure at the lattice and lamellar
scales. Macromolecules, 36, 4452-4456, 2003.
4HAUBRUGE H.G., GALLEZ X.A., NYSTEN B.,
JONAS A.M. Image analysis of transmission
electron micrographs of semicrystalline
polymers : a comparison with X-Ray scattering
results. J. Appl. Cryst., 36, 1019-1025, 2003.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
crystal nucleation
polymer crystallization
semi-crystalline polymers
4LE FEVERE DE TEN HOVE C., PENELLE J.,
IVANOV D.A., JONAS A.M. Encoding crystal
microstructure and chain folding in the
chemical structure of synthetic polymers.
Nature Materials, 3, 33-37, 2004.
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
4HU Z., BARALIA G., BAYOT V., GOHY J.-F.,
JONAS A.M. Nanoscale control of polymer
Roger LEGRAS
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 62
crystallization by nano-imprint lithography.
Nanoletters, vol 5-9, pp.1738-1743, 2005.
Alain JONAS
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 37 65
WEB SITE
Partnership
Our research was supported by industrial
companies such as AtoFina, Solvay, ICI, etc.
The collaborations of Daniel Daoust (UCLPOLY, fractionation of polymers) and B. Nysten
(UCL-POLY, AFM imaging) are important
components of this research.
http://www.mapr.ucl.ac.be/~jonas
Works on polymer nucleation were performed
in collaboration with Bernard Lotz (CNRS
Strasbourg), and the work on controlled folding
was performed with Jacques Penelle (U-Mass
at Amherst and CNRS-Thiais).
Works on crystal-amorphous interphases
benefited from a strong collaboration with
Dimitri Ivanov (U-Brussels and CNRSMulhouse),
Tatiana
Pop
(Polytechnic
University Bucarest) and Do Y. Yoon (Seoul
National University). Part of this research
(polymers crystallized in nano-confined
environments) was conducted within the
Research Center in Micro- and NanoScopic
Materials and Electronic Devices (CeRMIN) in
coll. with J.-F. Gohy and V. Bayot.
Nanotic 3
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
L O U V A I N
–
N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
4.
Nano-electronics : advanced silicon devices and circuits
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Vincent BAYOT
4Denis FLANDRE
4Jean-Didier LEGAT
4Jean-Pierre RASKIN
4Danielle VANHOENACKER-JANVIER
Overall study of Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI)
technologies, devices and circuits, for lowvoltage
low-power,
radiation-hardened,
microwave,
high-temperature,
telecommunication and quantum applications.
Characterization, simulation and modeling of
advanced devices, eg. :
4Measurement and extraction of static and
dynamic behaviours and parameters of
semiconductor
devices,
e.g.
statistical
digital/analog/RF figures-of-merit, floatingbody and substrate time constants, distortion,
matching, 1/f noise, etc.
4DC to RF wideband behaviors of advanced
SOI MOSFETs such as Fully and Partially
Depleted, Body Contacted and Dynamic
Threshold.
43-D semiconductor simulation of e.g.
double- and multiple-gate MOSFETs.
4Compact modeling of SOI fully-depleted
single-gate, double-gate and graded-channel
MOSFETs and RF macro-modeling.
43D simulation for microwave active and
passive integrated devices
Subsequent analog, RF and digital circuits
design in many SOI CMOS processes down to
sub-100nm generations, e.g.
4Ultra-low-power analog, digital and memory
circuit families.
4Analysis of SOI substrate crosstalk in mixedsignal circuits.
4Microwave circuits design (LNA, VCO) for
low power telecommunication front ends
Fabrication of advanced SOI MOSFETs and
quantum nanoscale devices, e.g. :
4Critical fabrication steps for Double-Gate
SOI MOSFET’s (patterned wafer bonding, selfaligned buried mask,…).
4Thin silicides on SOI: Er-Pt (for low Schottky
barriers), Ni (for low ohmic and RF contacts),
Co (for high-temperature contacts), etc.
4Quantum wires, Single-Electron-Memories,
Single-Electron-Transistors, etc.
4Integrated device fabrication from microdimensions (optical lithography, thin layer
deposition and etching) down to nanodimensions (defined by e-beam lithography and
controlled oxidations).
4Devices and circuits design (finite element
simulations, electrical simulations with Cadence,
ELDO, VHDL-AMS, ADS…)
4Devices and circuits characterization (ICCAP,
S-parameters…)
Main Equipment
Complete fabrication line for the rapid
prototyping and validation of new fabrication
steps and integrated devices on silicon/SOI
substrates (3-inch).
Electrical measurement set-ups over a large
range of frequencies (from DC up to 110 GHz)
and temperatures (from few mK up to 400°C) on
wafer-scale (semi-automatic prober) as well as
packaged circuits levels.
Semiconductor simulation tools (ISE, Avanti and
Silvaco). Electro-magnetic simulations (IE3D).
Circuit simulations (ELDO, VHDL-AMS, ADS).
4X. TANG, X. BAIE, J.P. COLINGE, A. CRAHAY, B.
KATSCHMARSKYJ, V. SCHEUREN, D. SPÔTE, N.
Nanotic 4
RECKINGER, F. VAN DE WIELE and V. BAYOT. Selfaligned SOI nano flash memory device.Solid
State Electronics, 44, 2259-2264, 2000.
4D. FLANDRE, J.P. RASKIN, D. VANHOENACKER.
SOI CMOS Transistors for RF and Micro-wave
Applications.
CMOS
RF
modeling,
characterization and applications, published by
World Scientific Publ. Co (ISBN 981-02-4905-5)
pp. 273-362, 2002.
4A. NÈVE and D. FLANDRE. Design of a BranchBased Carry-select adder IP portable in 0.25 µm
bulk
and
Silicon-On-Insulator
CMOS
technologies. Published in « SOC design
methodologies », Kluwer Academic Publ. (ISBN
1-4020-7148-5) , 2002.
4D. LEVACQ, V. DESSARD and D. FLANDRE.
Recent advances in SOI MOSFET devices and
circuits for ultra-low power / high temperature
applications. Kluwer Academic Publ., NATO
Science Series II, Vol. 185, pp. 133-144, 2004.
4V. KILCHYTSKA, A. NÈVE, L. VANCAILLIE, D.
LEVACQ, S. ADRIAENSEN, H. VAN MEER, K. DE
MEYER, C. RAYNAUD, M. DEHAN, J.P. RASKIN and
D. FLANDRE. Influence of Device Engineering on
the Analog and RF performances of SOI
MOSFETs. IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices,
vol.50, No. 3, pp. 577-589, March 2003.
4D. LEDERER, V. KILCHYTSKA, T. RUDEN-KO, N.
COLLAERT, D. FLANDRE, A. DIXIT, K. DE MEYER,
J.P. RASKIN. FinFET analogue characterization
from DC to 110 GHz. Solid-State Electr., 2005.
4C. PAVAGEAU, M. SI MOUSSA, A. SILIGARIS, L.
PICHETA, F. DANNEVILLE, J.P. RASKIN, D.
VANHOENACKER-JANVIER, J. RUSSAT, N. FEL. Low
Power 23-GHz and 27-GHz Distributed Cascode
Amplifiers in a Standard 130nm SOI CMOS
Process. IMS 2005.
Patents
4DESSARD V., ADRIAENSEN S., FLANDRE D. Ultra
Low Power Analog Basic Blocks.International
PCT/EP01/15023 filed on 17/12/2001.
4LEVACQ D., DESSARD V., ADRIAENSEN S.,
FLANDRE D. ULP basic blocks and their uses .
Continuation in Part, filled in USA on June 23rd
2003 under reference no. 10/602,016.
4NÈVE A., RASKIN J.P., FLANDRE D. Fabrication
method of semiconductor device. Int. Patent
Application PCT/BE02/00043 March 25th 2002
4J.P. RASKIN AND D. LEDERER. High resistivity
poly-SOI substrate . Patent International
application N° PCT/BE2004/000137, September
2004.
Partnerships
4SINANO, Silicon based nano-devices, EU
Network of excellence, FP6 (STM, IMEC, CEALETI, AMO, IEMN,…).
4EUROSOI, SOI technology EU Thematic Network,
FP6 (CISSOID, Philips, VTT, SOITEC,…).
44GRADIO, T206, MARQUIS and WITNESS, MEDEA+
projects investigating Low-power / RF SOI circuits
for different telecom applications (STM, CISSOID,
Philips, FPMS, Agilent,…).
4LEMM, Laboratoire européen associé, CNRSFNRS with IEMN, Lille, France.
4Partner of
« Nanotic ».
the
Walloon
Region
project
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
integrated circuits
micro-nanotechnology
microwave circuits
nano-electronics
RF
semiconductor devices
system-on-chip
telecommunication front ends
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Vincent BAYOT
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 25 40
Denis FLANDRE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 25 40
Jean-Didier LEGAT
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 25 40
Jean-Pierre RASKIN
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 80 95
Danielle VANHOENACKER-JANVIER
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 04
WEB SITES
http://www.dice.ucl.ac.be
http://www.emic.ucl.ac.be
http://www.crmn.ucl.ac.be
Nanotic 4
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
L O U V A I N
–
N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
5.
Molecular nano-electronics
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Sorin MELINTE
4Jean-François GOHY
4Vincent BAYOT
Today, conventional microelectronics uses
smaller and smaller devices and increasingly
complex lithography procedures in a top-down
approach to fabricate semiconductor circuits.
When this strategy will come to a dead end –
because of device physics or cost of
lithography – it can be replaced by a bottom-up
approach constructing complete informationprocessing units via self-assembly of functional
molecular nanostructures.
This new technology, namely molecular
nanoelectronics, would not only provide the
solution to current limitations in reducing the
size of electronic devices, but could also make
a breakthrough in developing a simpler and
much
cheaper
production
technology.
However, before devices such as moleculesized transistors can be used to build a much
smaller and faster chip, their electronic,
magnetic, and chemical behaviors need to be
further investigated and understood. The team
is actively working on new methods to design,
synthesize and characterize novel archetypes
of low-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic
systems for nano-electronics.
The group also operates a glove box for selfassembling and a cluster tool including surface
science techniques and ultra-high-vacuum
methods (LEED, AES, liquid molecular epitaxy,
thermal deposition of molecules,…) as well as
a low temperature scanning tunneling
microscope.
4S. MELINTE, N. FREYTAG, M. HORVATIC, C.
BERTHIER, L.P. LÉVY, V. BAYOT and M.
SHAYEGAN. NMR determination of 2D electron
spin polarization at ν = ½.. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84,
354-357, 2000.
4L. MOLDOVAN, S. MELINTE, V. BAYOT, S.J.
PAPADAKIS, E.P. DE POORTERE and M.
SHAYEGAN. Anomalous thermopower in the
metalliclike phase of a 2D hole system. Phys.
Rev. Lett. 85, 4369-4372, 2000.
4S. MELINTE, N. FREYTAG, M. HORVATIC, C.
BERTHIER, L.P. LÉVY, V. BAYOT and M.
Spin
polarization
of
twoSHAYEGAN.
Synthesis and characterization
molecular species.
The characterization instruments include low
temperatures facilities down to 10 mK and
precision electronic equipment for DC and low
AC measurements.
of
active
We
offer
detailed
measurements
of
macroscopic and local properties of various
materials (in situ or in a controlled
environment, when necessary) as a function of
temperature and external magnetic fields.
Main Equipment
Synthesis
The nanofabrication tools are mainly part of the
UCL cleanroom.
dimensional electrons in GaAs quantum Wells
around Landau level filling factor ν = 1 from
NMR measurements of gallium nuclei. Phys.
Rev. B 64, 085327(9), 2001.
4E. TUTUC, S. MELINTE and M. SHAYEGAN.
Spin polarization and g factor of a dilute GaAs
two-dimensional electron system. Phys. Rev.
Lett. 88 (2002), 036805(4), 2002.
4E. GRIVEI, S. MELINTE, V. BAYOT, H.C.
MANOHARAN and M. SHAYEGAN. Multiple
interacting
bilayer
electron
system
:
magnetotransport
and
heat
capacity
Nanotic 5
experiments. Phys. Rev. B 68, 193404(4),
2003.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
4E. TUTUC, R. PILLARISETTY, S. MELINTE, E.P.
DE POORTERE and M. SHAYEGAN. Large-
atomic technology
block copolymers
charge instability in unbalanced bilayer systems
in the quantum Hall regime. Phys. Rev. B 68,
201308(4), 2003.
4E. TUTUC, S. MELINTE, E.P. DE POORTERE, R.
PILLARISETTY and M. SHAYEGAN. Role of
density imbalance in an interacting bilayer hole
system. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 2003, 076802(4),
2003.
4J.F. GOHY, B.G.G. LOHMEIJER, A. ALEXEEV,
X.S. WANG, I. MANNERS, M.A. WINNIK, U.S.
SCHUBERT. Cylindrical micelles from the
aqueous self-assembly of an amphiphilic
poly(ethylene
oxide)-bpoly(ferrocenylsilane)(PEO-b-PFS)
block
copolymer with a metallo-supramolecular linker
at the block junction. Chem. Eur. J., 10, 4315,
2004.
low temperatures
mesoscopic physics
molecular electronics
nanocalorimetry
nanosensors
spintronics
synthesis
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Sorin MELINTE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 93 09
Jean-François GOHY
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 92 69
4V. VOGEL, G. MAYER, B.G.G. LOHMEIJER, J.F.
GOHY, J.A. VAN DEN BROEK, W. HAASE, U.S.
SCHUBERT,
D.
SCHUBERT.
Metallo-
Vincent BAYOT
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 25 57
supramolecularblock copolymer micelles :
improved preparation and characterization. J.
Polym. Sci., part A, 42, 4458, 2004.
WEB SITES
4E. KHOUSAKOUN, J.F. GOHY, R. JÉRÔME.
Self-association
of
double
hydrophilic
copolymers of acrylic acid and poly(ethylene
oxide) macromonomer. Polymer, 45, 8303,
2004.
http://www.chim.ucl.ac.be
4J.F. GOHY, E. KHOUSAKOUN, N. WILLET, S.K.
VARSHNEY and R. JÉRÔME. Segregation of
coronal chains in micelles formed by
supramolecular interactions. Macromol. Rapid
Commun., 25, 1536-1539, 2004.
4C.A. FUSTIN, V. ABETZ, J.F. GOHY. Triblock
terpolymer micelles : a personal outlook. Eur.
Phys. J., Part E, 16, 291, 2005.
Partnership
4CeRMiN, Belgium
4NANOWAL, Belgium
4PHANTOMS, EU project
4COST Chemistry D35, EU program
4NANOTIC Program of Excellence, Walloon
Region, Belgium.
Nanotic 5
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
L O U V A I N
–
N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
6.
Surface characterization and treatment
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Patrick BERTRAND
4Arnaud DELCORTE
4Sami YUNUS
4Claude POLEUNIS
The research activities concern the physical
chemistry of solid surfaces and interfaces.
The objective is to develop surface treatments
and modifications in order to provide new
surface properties in view of specific
applications in materials science.
To reach this goal, our approach is based on a
control of the surface atomic and molecular
composition and structure. The first step
required in this way is to be able to
characterize the solid surfaces in terms of
chemical and functional composition and
structure at the nanometer scale. For that
purpose, our main expertise has been the
development and the use of surface analytical
methods based on the ion-solid interaction
(Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Ion
Scattering Spectrometry - ISS and RBS), in
combination with other surface techniques
such as AES, XPS, the Near Field
Microscopies (AFM, STM) and the Electron
Microscopies (SEM, TEM).
In particular, for more than ten years, we have
been contributing to the development of the
static SIMS technique for the molecular
characterization of surfaces, with a special
emphasis on organic materials such as
polymers.
Using classical molecular
dynamics, important efforts have also been
devoted at modeling the interaction of ions with
various surfaces (metal, organic layers, bulk
organic samples).
The investigated surface properties are
adhesion,
biocompatibility,
(bio)sensing,
specific catalytic activity and gas/molecule
permeability. The methods used to modify the
surface are based on chemical and physical
treatments: plasma treatments, ion beam
irradiation, chemical grafting, thin (organic/
metallic) layer adsorption. A strong expertise
has been gained in the metallization of
polymers (interface formation, metal layer
growth modes, metal diffusion into polymer
bulk).
A new direction concerns the
elaboration
and
characterization
of
(bio)sensors, from the synthesis and grafting of
conducting polymers to the evaluation of the
final device.
The group has a long experience of
collaboration with partners from university and
industry research centers.
Service provided to companies for practical
surface characterization and imaging.
Main Equipment
Equipments for surface characterization :
4Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
- quadrupole mass spectrometer (static
and dynamic SIMS).
- static imaging time-of-flight mass
spectrometer (ToF-SIMS).
4Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry
(using a VDG accelerator) RBS.
4Ion Scattering Spectrometry (ISS).
4Scanning Auger Microprobe (AES–SAM).
4Access to AFM, STM, XPS-ESCA, SEM, TEM,
XRD, Ellipsometry, static and dynamic contact
angles, IR, Raman.
Equipments for surface modification :
4 low-pressure plasma chamber.
4 metallization chamber.
4 ion sources for surface treatment.
4Y. TRAVALY, G.M. RIGNANESE, X. GONZE
AND P. BERTRAND. The fundamental state of
poly(ethylene terephthalate) and its interaction
with aluminum. in Metallized Plastics 7 :
fundamental and applied aspects Ed. K. L.
Mittal, VSP, 247-264, 2001.
Nanotic 6
4P.A. GOLLIER, P. BERTRAND. Cyclic oligomer
segregation at metallized
Polyethylene
Terephtalate surface. Adhesion Sci. Technol.
16, 1-13, 2002.
4M. LEFEVRE, J. P. DODELET, P. BERTRAND.
Molecular oxygen reduction in PEM fuel cells :
evidence for the simultaneous presence of two
active sites in Fe-based catalysts . J. Phys.
Chem. B 106, 8705-8713, 2002.
4C.
POLEUNIS, C. COMPÈRE AND P.
BERTRAND. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass
spectrometry : characterisation of stainless
steel surfaces immersed in natural seawater.
J. Microbiological Methods 48, 195-205, 2002.
4R. FERRO, J. A. RODRIGUEZ, P. BERTRAND.
Mixed (ZnO)x(CdO)1-x polycristalline oxide
films deposited by spray pyrolysis from metal
nitrate solutions. J. Materials Science Letters
21, 1939-1941, 2002.
4F. HAMADACHE, C. RENAUX, J.-L. DUVAIL, P.
BERTRAND. Interface investigations of iron and
cobalt metallized porous silicon : AES and
FTIR analyses. Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 197, 168174, 2003.
4M. HENRY, C. DUPONT–GILLAIN AND P.
BERTRAND. Conformation change of albumin
adsorbed on polycarbonate membranes as
revealed by ToF-SIMS. Langmuir 19, 6271,
2003.
4A. DELCORTE, J. BOUR, F. AUBRIET, J.-F.
MULLER
AND
P.
BERTRAND.
Sample
metallization for performance improvement in
desorption/Ionization of Kilodalton molecules /
quantitative evaluation, imaging SIMS and
Laser ablation. Anal. Chem. 75, 6875-6885,
2003.
4A.
DELCORTE,
B.
J.
GARRISON.
Kiloelectronvolt
Argon-induced
molecular
desorption from a bulk polystyrene solid. J.
Phys. Chem. B 108, 15652-15661, 2004.
4A. DELCORTE, S. BEFAHY, C. POLEUNIS, M.
TROOSTERS, P. BERTRAND. Improvement of
Patents
4J.L. DEWEZ, J.B. LHOEST, E. DETRAIT, P.
BERTRAND, P. VAN DEN BOSCH DE AGUILAR,
P. G. ROUXHET. Biomaterial and method for
obtaining it. Belgian Patent n° 09401022, Nov.
14, 1995; International Patent Application
PCT/BE95/00104, Nov. 14, 1995; United states
Patent n° 5,962,136, 1998.
4A. BELCOURT, P. BERTRAND, G; LEGEAY, L.
KESSLER.
Membrane
pour
chambre
d'encapsulation de cellules produisant au
moins une substance biologiquement active et
organe bio-artificiel comprenant une telle
membrane. Patent FR2820057, 2002.
Partnership
4Gabriel Lippmann Public Research Center,
Luxembourg.
4Pennsylvania State University, USA.
4IMEC, Leuven, Belgium.
4NEUROTECH, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
biomaterials
biosensors
gas sensors
ion spectrometry
metallization
numerical modeling
plasma treatment
surface characterization
surface modification
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Patrick BERTRAND
[email protected]
Tel (32)10 47 35 81
Arnaud DELCORTE
[email protected]
Tel (32)10 47 35 82
metal adhesion to silicone films : A ToF-SIMS
study. in Adhesion aspects of Thin Films, Vol.
2 Ed. K. L. Mittal. VSP 2005, in press.
Sami YUNUS
[email protected]
Tel (32) 10 47 35 83
4A. DELCORTE. Modeling keV particle
interactions with molecular and polymeric
samples. Nucl. Instrm. Methods. Phys. Res. B,
2005, in press.
Claude POLEUNIS
[email protected]
Tel (32) 10 47 35 82
WEB SITE
http://www.pcpm.ucl.ac.be/groupes
Nanotic 4
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
L O U V A I N
–
N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
7.
Surface and interface characterization
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Patrick BERTRAND
4Arnaud DELCORTE
4Claude POLEUNIS
chemistry of solid surfaces and interfaces. The
objective is to develop surface treatments and
modifications in order to provide new surface
properties in view of specific applications in
materials science. To reach this goal, our
approach is based on a control of the surface
atomic and molecular composition and
structure. The first step required in this way is
to be able to characterize the solid surfaces in
terms of chemical and functional composition
and structure at the nanometer scale. For that
purpose, our main expertise has been the
development and the use of surface analytical
methods based on the ion-solid interaction
(Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Ion
Scattering Spectrometry - ISS and RBS), in
combination with other surface techniques
such as AES, XPS and the Near Field
Microscopies (AFM, STM).
Service provided to companies for practical
surface characterization and imaging.
More specifically, for ten years, we were
contributing to the development of the static
SIMS
technique
for
the
molecular
characterization of surfaces, with a special
emphasis for the organic materials such as
polymers.
The surface properties of interest are
biocompatibility, specific catalytic activity,
gas/molecule permeability and adhesive
properties. The methods used to modify the
treatments: plasma treatments, ion beam
metallic) layer adsorption.
We have studied the surface modifications in
order to improve adhesive properties and
biocompatibility. A special attention was paid
to protein adsorption in view of controlling cell
adhesion on micro-patterned polymer surfaces
or to prevent biofouling.
The group has a long experience of
collaboration with partners from university and
industry research centers.
Main Equipment
Equipments for surface characterization:
4 Ion Scattering Spectrometry (ISS)
4 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
• quadrupole mass spectrometer (static and
dynamic SIMS)
•
static
imaging
time-of-flight
mass
spectrometer (ToF-SIMS)
4 Rutherford Backscatering Spectrometry
(using a VDG accelerator) RBS
4 Scanning Auger Microprobe (AES–SAM)
4 Access to AFM, STM, XPS-ESCA, SEM, TEM,
XRD, Ellipsometry, static and dynamic
contact angles, IR, Raman
4LHOEST, J.-B. , DETRAIT, E. , VAN DEN
BOSCH DE AGUILAR, P. , BERTRAND, P. (1998)
Fibronectin adsorption, conformation and
orientation on polystyrene substrates studied
by radiolabeleing, XPS, and ToF SIMS, J.
Biomed. Mat. Res. 41, 95-103.
4DETRAIT, E. , LHOEST, J.-B. , KNOOPS, B. ,
BERTRAND, P. , VAN DEN BOSCH DE AGUILAR,
P. (1998) Orientation of cell adhesion and
growth
on
patterned
heterogeneous
polystyrene surface, J. Neuroscience Methods
84 , 193-204.
4DEWEZ, J.-L. , LHOEST, J.-B. , DETRAIT, E. ,
BERGER, V. , DUPONT
-GILLAIN, C. C. ,
VINCENT, L.-M. , SCHNEIDER, Y.-J. , BERTRAND,
P. , ROUXHET, P.G. (1998) Adhesion of
mammalian cells to polymer surfaces: from
physical chemistry of surfaces to selective
adhesion on defined patterns, Biomaterials 19 ,
1441-1445.
4DETRAIT, E. , LHOEST, J.-B. , BERTRAND, P.,
VAN DEN BOSCH DE AGUILAR, P. (1999)
Fibronectin-pluronic
co-adsorption
on
polystyrene with increasing hydrophobicity:
Nanotic 7
relationship with cell adhesion, J. Biomed. Mat.
Res. 45,404-413.
(2000)
4ROUXHET, L. , BERTRAND, P.
Albumin
adsorption
on
polycarbonate:
correlation between XPS and TOF-SIMS
analyses,
in
“Secondary
Ion
Mass
Spectrometry,
SIMS
XII”,
Eds;
A.
Benninghoven, P. Bertrand, H.-N. Migeon and
H. Werner, Elsevier Science Publ. , 907-910.
4PRADIER, C. M. , BERTRAND, P. , BELLONFONTAINE, M. N. , COMPÈRE, C. , COSTA, D. ,
MARCUS, P. , POLEUNIS, C. , RONDOT, B. ,
WALLS, M.G. (2000) Adsorption of proteins on
an AISI 316 stainless steel surface in natural
sea water, Surf. Interface. Anal 30 ,420-424.
4COMPÈRE, C. , BELLON-FONTAINE, M.N. ,
BERTRAND, P. , COSTA, D. , MARCUS, P. ,
POLEUNIS, C. , PRADIER, C-M. , RONDOT, B.,
WALLS, M.G. (2001) Kinetics of conditioning
layer formation on stainless steel immersed in
seawater, Biofouling, 17 , 129-145
4POLEUNIS, C. , COMPÈRE, C. , BERTRAND,
P. (2002) Time-of-flight secondary ion mass
spectrometry: characterisation of stainless
steel surfaces immersed in natural seawater, J.
Microbiological Methods 48 , 195-205.
4POLEUNIS, C. , RUBIO, C. , COMPÈRE, C. ,
BERTRAND, P. (2002) Role of salts on the BSA
adsorption on stainless steel in aqueous
solutions : II) ToF-SIMS spectral and chemical
mapping study, Surf. Interface Anal. 34 , 5558.
4POLEUNIS, C. , RUBIO, C. , COMPÈRE, C. ,
BERTRAND, P. (2003) ToF-SIMS chemical
mapping study of protein adsorption onto
stainless steel surfaces immersed in saline
aqueous solutions,
Appl. Surf. Sci. 203-204 , 693-697.
,
4HENRY, M. , DUPONT – GILLAIN, C.
BERTRAND, P. (2003) Conformation change of
albumin
adsorbed
on
membranes as revealed
Langmuir 19 , 6271.
polycarbonate
by ToF-SIMS,
Partnership
4Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète
(Strasbourg) bio artificial pancreas
4IFREMER (Brest) see water biofouling
4Eppendorf (Namur) biosensor
Patents
4DEWEZ, J.L., LHOEST, J.B., DETRAIT, E. ,
BERTRAND, P., VAN DEN BOSCH DE AGUILAR,
P., ROUXHET, P. G. , Biomaterial and method
for obtaining it, Belgian Patent n° 09401022,
Nov.
14
(1995);
International
Patent
Application PCT / BE95/00104, Nov. 14, 1995;
United states Patent n° 5,962,136 (1998)
4BELCOURT, A. , BERTRAND, P. , LEGEAY, G.,
KESSLER, L. (2002) Membrane pour chambre
d'encapsulation de cellules produisant au
moins une substance biologiquement active et
organe bio-artificiel comprenant une telle
membrane, patent FR2820057.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
biofouling
biomaterials
biosensors
ion spectrometries
protein adsorption
surface modifications
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Patrick BERTRAND
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 81
Arnaud DELCORTE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 82
Claude POLEUNIS
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 82
WEB SITE
Nanotic 7
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
L O U V A I N
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N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
8.
Interactions at surfaces : from adsorption and adhesion to smart coatings
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Christine DUPONT
4Paul ROUXHET
The laboratory is dedicated to the physical
chemistry of dispersed systems and surfaces,
and to the application of this discipline,
particularly
to
material
science
and
bioengineering.
The research dedicated to the surface of
materials aims at understanding and
controlling interfacial phenomena such as
adsorption, adhesion and aggregation and
dispersion. This involves a characterization of
the surfaces in terms of (nano)structure,
chemical
composition,
physicochemical
properties and molecular interactions, and their
modification by physico-chemical means.
Recents achievements include :
4advances in methods used to determine the
chemical composition (XPS : data treatment,
low temperature analysis) and to study
physico-chemical interactions (AFM in
different modes, quartz crystal microbalance
– QCM-D, static and dynamic wetting) at
interfaces;
4the understanding and control of the
adsorption of macromolecules (proteins,
polymers) and the factors influencing the
organization and properties of adsorbed
phases;
4the understanding of polymer adhesion;
4the understanding of the mechanisms
involved in biofouling;
4the modification of polymer surfaces by
chemical
treatment,
adsorption
of
macromolecules or adhesion of colloidal
particles;
4the modification of stainless steel surfaces to
reduce fouling and improve cleanability.
Topics of current interest are :
4developing smart organic coatings, sensitive
to a physico-chemical change in the
environment;
4understanding the interactions between
materials (inorganic and organic) and
enzymes, and exploiting them in environmental
issues;
4creating systems with improved or novel
properties regarding biocompatibility.
Equipment and expertise of characterization of
surfaces and colloids :
4chemical analysis (XPS);
4wetting properties (surface tension, contact
angle, wetting dynamics);
4electrical properties (zeta potential) of
colloids, grains and plates;
4nanostructure (AFM);
4adsorption, dispersion.
Main Equipment
4Atomic force microscopes (AFM).
4X-ray photoelectron spectrometers (XPS;
including cryo-XPS).
4Contact angle and surface tension
measurements.
4Dynamic wetting (Wilhelmy plate method).
4Image analysis.
4Zeta potential measurements.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN CH.C., ROUXHET P.G.
Modulable
nanometer-scale
surface
architecture using spin-coating on an adsorbed
collagen layer. Nano Letters,1, 245-251, 2001.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN CH.C. , ROUXHET P.G. AFM
Study of the interaction of collagen with
polystyrene and plasma-oxidized polystyrene.
Langmuir,17, 7261-7266, 2001.
4TOMASETTI E., DAOUST D., LEGRAS R.,
BERTRAND P. and ROUXHET P.G. Diffusion of
adhesion
promoter
(CPO)
into
polypropylene/ethylene-propylene
(PP/EP)
copolymer blends : mechanism. J. Adhes. Sci.
Technol., 15, 1589-1600, 2001.
Nanotic 8
4PAMULA E., ROUXHET P.G. Bulk and surface
chemical functionalities of type III PAN-based
carbon fibres. Carbon, 41, 1905-1915, 2003.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN CH. C., JACQUEMART I.
Patterned collagen layers on polystyrene :
direct probing using AFM in the adhesion
mapping mode. Surface Science, 539, 145154, 2003.
4DE CUPERE V., GOHY J.F., JÉRÔME R.,
ROUXHET
P.G.
Influence of substrate
hydrophobicity on the adsorption of an
amphiphilic diblock copolymer. J. Colloid Interf.
Sci., 271, 60-68, 2004.
Awards
4P. Rouxhet, Francqui Chair : KULeuven
1991; FUSAGembloux 2004
4Ch. Dupont, Frédéric Swarts prize, 2002
Partnership
Participation to CeRMIN (Research center on
micro- and nano-materials and electronic
devices) and associate member of ISV (Institut
des sciences de la vie), Belgium.
4DEKEYSER C.M., BILTRESSE S., MARCHANDBRYNAERT J., ROUXHET P.G., DUPONT-GILLAIN
CH.C. Submicrometer-scale heterogeneous
surfaces by PS-PMMA demixing. Polymer, 45,
2004, 2211-2219, 2004.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN CH.C., PAMULA E., DENIS
F.A., DE CUPERE V.M., DUFRÊNE Y.F.,
ROUXHET P.G. Controlling the supramolecular
organisation of adsorbed collagen layers. J.
Mater. Sci. : Mater. Med., 15, 347-353, 2004.
4CALLEWAERT
M.,
BOULANGÉ-PETERMANN
GRANDFILS
L., ROUXHET
CH.,
P.G.
Adsorption of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) on
glass substrata. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 276,
299-305, 2004.
4CALLEWAERT
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
adhesion
adsorption
atomic force microscopy
colloids
dispersion
polymers
smart surfaces
stainless steel
surfaces
wetting
X-ray photoelectron microscopy
zeta potential
M., GOHY J.F., DUPONTGILLAIN CH. C., BOULANGÉ-PETERMANN L.,
ROUXHET P.G. Surface morphology and
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
wetting properties of surfaces coated with an
amphiphilic diblock copolymer. Surface
Science, 575, 125-135, 2005.
Christine DUPONT
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 84
4PAMULA E. , ROUXHET P.G. Influence of
surface properties of carbon fibres on the
adsorption of catalase. Carbon, 43, 14321438, 2005.
Paul ROUXHET
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 87
Patents
WEB SITE
http://www.cifa.ucl.ac.be
4DEWEZ J.L., LHOEST,J.B., DETRAIT E.,
ROUXHET P.G., BERTRAND P. and VAN DEN
BOSCH DE AGUILAR PH.,1995, Biomaterial and
method for obtaining it. U.S. Patent 5,962,136,
October 5, 1999.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN CH. and ROUXHET P.G.
Method for controlling the morphology of a
polymer surface and said obtained polymer
surface.
Int.
Patent
Application
n°
PCT/EP01/14862, december 17, 2001.
Nanotic 6
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
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N A N O T I C
9.
P R O G R A M M E
In-situ monitoring of thin film synthesis and transformation
processes
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Joris PROOST
4Francis DELANNAY
Main Equipment
This research, which is an integrated part of
the activities of the Division of Materials and
Process Engineering (IMAP), tries to apply the
very same fundamentals of chemical and
metallurgical thermodynamics and kinetics to
the development of new processing routes for
advanced inorganic materials. Ongoing
fundamental and applied research activities,
often with an explicit environmental impact,
include :
4Development of electrochemical processing
routes for the synthesis of functional complex
oxides (e.g. perovskite and spinel structures).
4Processing of 3-dimensional networks of
intermetallic fibers for high-temperature
environmental applications.
4Study of (electro-)chemical metal leaching
and
deposition
during
micro-electronic
cleaning processes.
An important asset in this research is the
ability for in-situ control of the synthesis or
transformation process. Specifically in the case
of thin film applications, significant expertise is
available on in-situ monitoring based on highresolution substrate curvature measurements.
As both adsorption, growth, dissolution and
transformation processes give rise to a change
in the stress state of the film (and hence
induces curvature in the film/substrate
combination), real-time monitoring of the
curvature evolution can provide both detailed
structural and kinetic information on the
evolving process.
4Chemical and structural materials analysis.
4Feasibility testing of tailored materials
synthesis and transformation processes.
4Multi-beam Optical Sensor System for high
resolution in-situ curvature measurements.
4Electroanalytical equipment and digital
source meters.
4Commercial (flat cell, rotating disk) and
home-built electrochemical cells.
4Chemical analysis equipment (ICP, AAS,
chromatography, UV spectrophotometry)
4SEM, XRD, TEM, EBSD.
4Vacuum and tubular furnaces with controlled
atmosphere.
4J. PROOST, M. BAKLANOV, K. MAEX and L.
DELAEY. Compensation effect during water
desorption from siloxane-based spin-on
dielectric thin films. Journal of Vacuum
Science and Technology B18, 303-306, 2000.
4C. SALMON, D. TIBERGHIEN, R. MOLINS, C.
COLIN, F. DELANNAY. Oxidation behaviour in
air of thin IN601 fibres. Materials at High
Temperature 17, 271-278, 2000.
4S.A. CHIZHIK, J. PROOST, A.A. MATVIENKO
and
A.A.
SIDELNIKOV.
Modeling
electromigration - induced stress evolution and
drift kinetics with a stress-dependent diffusivity.
Journal of Applied Physics 88, 3301-3309,
2000.
4J. LAPIN, D. TIBERGHIEN, F. DELANNAY. On
the parameters affecting the formation of iron
aluminides during pressure-assisted infiltration
of aluminium into a preform of steel fibres.
Intermetallics 8, 1429-1438, 2000.
4C. SALMON, C. COLIN,
DELANNAY. Strengthening
R.
MOLINS,
F.
of Al/Ni-based
composites by in situ growth of intermetallic
Nanotic 9
particles. Materials Science and Engineering A
334, 193-200, 2002.
4J. PROOST AND F. SPAEPEN. Evolution of
the growth stress, stiffness and microstructure
of alumina thin films during vapor deposition.
Journal of Applied Physics 91, 204-216, 2002.
4J. PROOST, K. MAEX and J.P. CELIS. Currentinduced mass transport in metallic films in the
near-threshold regime. In Progress in
Transport Phenomena, eds. S. Dost, H.
Struchtrup and I. Dincer, Elsevier, p.509, 2003.
4J. LACONTE, F. IKER, S. JOREZ, N. ANDRÉ, J.
PROOST, T. PARDOEN, D. FLANDRE and J.P.
RASKIN. Thin film stress extraction using
micromachined structures and wafer curvature
measurements. Microelectronic Engineering
76, 219-226, 2004.
4J. PROOST and S. VAN BOXEL. Large-scale
synthesis of high purity, one-dimensional
alpha-Al2O3 structures. Journal of Materials
Chemistry 14, 3058-3062, 2004.
4P. QUINET, J. PROOST and A. VAN LIERDE.
Recovery of precious metals from electronic
scrap by hydrometallurgical processing routes.
Minerals & Metallurgical Processing 22, 17-22,
2005.
4J. PROOST and E. KOZA. In-situ monitoring of
the nucleation and growth process of high
aspect ratio corundum structures. Proceedings
of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society
(TMS) Symposium on Applications and
Fundamentals
of
High
Aspect
Ratio
Nanomaterials, San Francisco, p.288, 2005.
PROOST.
Thermodynamic
issues
4J.
associated with combined cyclic voltammetry
and wafer curvature measurements in
electrolytes.
Journal
of
Solid
State
Electrochemistry 9, 660-664, 2005.
Partnership
4TU Eindhoven, Materials and interface
chemistry, Netherlands
4Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für
Nanotechnology & Universität des Saarlandes,
Technische Physic, Germany.
4ULB, Chimie et Science des Matériaux,
Belgium
4IMEC, Ultra-clean processing in silicon
process technology, Belgium.
4MTM-KUL, Thermodynamics for materials
and process development, Belgium.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
cellular materials
in-situ monitoring
kinetics
materials and interface chemistry
micro-electromechanical systems
soft solution processing
thermodynamics
thin films
transformation processing
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Joris PROOST
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 93 42
Francis DELANNAY
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 24 26
WEB SITE
http://www.imap.ucl.ac.be
Patents
4Process for preparing glass and for
conditioning the raw materials intended for this
glass preparation. International Patent Number
WO 96/29292 (with J.A. Helsen and E. Brauns,
KUL-VITO).
4Process for filling an opening in an insulating
layer., European Patent Number 99870058.7-,
International Patent Number 60/083,822 (with
G.P. Beyer and K. Maex, IMEC).
Nanotic 7
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
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P R O G R A M M E
10.
Organic electronics: processing and characterisation of thin films
of electroactive molecules for field-effect transistors
SENIOR SCIENTISTS:
4Vincent BAYOT
4Alain JONAS
4Sorin MELINTE
4Bernard NYSTEN
The general objective of this research activity
is the development of synthesis and
processing technologies for liquid crystalline
semi-conductive organic molecules. These
molecules will serve as functional materials for
the fabrication of field-effect transistors (FET).
They should then be used as "inks" for the
fabrication of organic electronic systems such
as electronic tags, identification or security
badges, bio-sensors, etc.
It is based on both theoretical and
experimental approaches. The main steps of
the research are :
4the conception with quantum chemistry
modeling of molecular structures leading to
liquid-crystalline phase with a high chargecarrier mobility,
4the synthesis and the characterisation of the
molecules,
4the development of processing strategies to
obtain thin conductive films of these molecules
and the characterisation of the properties of
these thin films,
4the fabrication and the characterisation of
FETs.
At UCL, we are active in the third and fourth
steps.
First, based on our expertise in silanation of
silicon oxide surfaces in the gas or liquid
phase, we are developing strategies to modify
the surface of the FET gate oxide. Second, we
optimise the deposition of the organic
molecules in thin films on the modified surface.
The objective is to favour the growth of thin
films presenting at the interface the liquid
crystalline structure with the highest chargecarrier mobility.
properties of the organic thin films are
characterised
by
ellipsometry,
X-ray
reflectometry (XRR), atomic force microscopy
(AFM), … The electronic properties of the
electroactive organic films are characterised by
scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and
scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS).
Field-effect transistors are fabricated with
those organic thin films as active layer. The
properties of those FETs are measured to
validate the performance of the deposited
films. These transistors could be the building
blocks for functional, complex circuits.
4Expertise on the formation of self-assembled
functional monolayers, especially from the gas
phase.
4Expertise on controlling the deposition and
the adsorption processes of organic molecules
on tailored surfaces.
4Methods to characterise thin organic films
and
nano-structured
surfaces
(X-ray
reflectometry, AFM, ellipsometry, ).
4Methods to study the electrical properties of
hybrid organic-inorganic devices (variable
temperature,
vacuum
and
controlled
atmosphere, magnetic field,…).
4Clean-room facilities to manufacture hybrid
organic-inorganic devices (thin film dielectrics,
metallic contacts,…).
D4evelopment of algorithms for the
description of electrical transport in organicinorganic devices.
The quality of the silane layer grafted on the
silicon oxide and the morphology and structural
Nanotic 10
Main Equipment
4X-ray reflectometer (depth profiling of thin
films [1-120 nm], with a resolution close to
0.1 nm).
4Ellipsometer (thickness measurements).
4Microscopes (AFM, STM, SEM, TEM) and
related image analysis techniques.
4Photolithography,
electron-beam
graphy and nano-imprint lithography.
litho-
4Glove-box systems.
4Electrical characterisation from DC to
110 GHz, from a few mK to 400°C, magnetic
fields up to 17 T, overall strategy for evaluation
of circuit-related performances.
4C. BOLLINNE, S. CUENOT, B. NYSTEN, A.M.
JONAS. Spinodal-like Dewetting of Thermodynamically-Stable Thin Polymer Films.
European Physical Journal E, 12, 389-395,
2003.
4A. PALLANDRE, K. GLINEL, A.M. JONAS, B.
NYSTEN. Binary nanopatterned surfaces
prepared from alkylsilane monolayers. Nano
Letters, 4, 365-371, 2004.
4A. VLAD, D.A. SERBAN, P. VIVILLE, V. DE
CUPERE, G. ZUCCHI, S. MELINTE, V. BAYOT, R.
LAZZARONI and Y. GEERTS. Microscopic
This research is led as a joint effort between
the DICE (Laboratory of Microelectronics) and
the POLY (Laboratory of Polymer Science)
research units of UCL, within the framework of
a research program sponsored by the Walloon
Region, “ETIQUEL”.
This program is realized in partnership with the
University of Mons-Hainaut - UMH (Prof. R.
Lazzaroni and Dr. J. Cornil from the Service de
Chimie des Matériaux nouveaux and
Dr. P. Damman from the Laboratoire de
Physico-Chimie des Polymères) and the Free
University of Brussels - ULB (Prof. Y. Geerts
and M. Sferazza from the Service de Sciences
des Polymères).
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
conductive polymers
organic electronics
self-assembly
surfaces
thin films
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Vincent BAYOT
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 25 57
Alain JONAS
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 37 65
Sorin MELINTE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 93 09
morphology
of
thin
films
of
phthalocyanine/perylene blends for organic
solar cell devices. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp.
Proc., 871E, I9.43.1, 2005.
Bernard NYSTEN
[email protected]
4Z. HU, G. BARALIA, V. BAYOT, J.F. GOHY, A.M.
JONAS. Nanoscale Control of Polymer
Crystallization by Nanoimprint Lithography.
Nano Letters, 5, 1738-1743, 2005.
WEB SITES
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 37 65
http://www.poly.ucl.ac.be/~nysten
http://www.poly.ucl.ac.be/~jonas
Partnership
Nanotic 10
C A T H O L I Q U E
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11.
Micro- and nano- electro mechanical systems
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Jean-Pierre RASKIN
4Denis FLANDRE
4Thomas PARDOEN
4Joris PROOST
4Alain CORNET
Micro- and nano- electro-mechanical systems
(MEMS/NEMS) as well as integrated sensors
and electronics circuits play an ever increasing
role in the development of new information
systems from telecommunication to human
body, machine or process monitoring
applications.
A large effort has been made at UCL in the
recent years to build a multidisciplinary group
of researchers gathering expertises in
materials
science,
micro/nano-fabrication
technology, integrated systems, physics,
chemistry,
continuum
mechanics
and
electronics to support the development of
robust MEMS technology as well as novel
electronic devices at the micro and nanometer
scales.
Major emphasis is put on :
4improving deposition methods,
4depositing new thin film materials (SiC,
functional ceramics),
4integration of new materials in classical
MOS processes for improving electrical
performance and extending functionalities of
micro/nano-devices, sensors and circuits,
4wideband modeling and characterization of
advanced MOS devices,
4monitoring internal stresses during and after
deposition,
4optimizing etching methods to release
structures,
4improving wafer bonding techniques,
4making use of internal stresses to assemble
structures,
4measuring and modeling the elastic and
(visco-) plastic properties of thin films using
nanoindentation and microbending,
4measuring and modeling the adhesion of
wafers and films inside multilayers or on
substrates,
4accurately determining displacements using
optical methods,
4characterizing the microstructure of the thin
films.
4Measurement and extraction of electrical
properties
(conductivity,
permittivity,
permeability) over wide frequency band and
temperature range.
4Deposition (LPCVD, PECVD, electrochemical)
and etching (chemical, plasma) techniques
for thin film coatings on solid substrates
(silicon, glass…)
4Optical non-destructive characterization. Laser
and low-coherence interferometry for high
precision
shapes
and
residual
stress
measurement, vibrometry and thermoreflectivity.
4Expertise in micromechanical testing, and
internal stress measurements.
Main Equipment
4The largest research-oriented clean room
facilities (400 m2) in Wallonia with all key
technologies required for micro/nanosystems
and
micro/nano-electronics
fabrication.
4Deposition chambers equipped with in-situ
monitoring of internal stresses.
4Micromechanical tests : nano-indentation,
micro tensile testing stage for in-situ testing
in a SEM, microwedge tests.
4Characterization
techniques:
optical
interferometry, SEM, TEM, OIM-EBSD.
4E. QUÉVY, B. PARVAIS, J.P. RASKIN, L.
BUCHAILLOT, D. FLANDRE and D. COLLARD. A
modified Bosch-type process for precise
surface micro-machining of polysilicon. Journal
of Micromech. Microengng. 12, 328-333, 2002.
Nanotic 11
4J. LACONTE, F. IKER, S. JOREZ, N. ANDRE, J.
PROOST, T. PARDOEN, D. FLANDRE and J.P.
RASKIN. Thin films stress extraction using
measurements. Microel. Engng. 76, 219-226,
2004.
4Partner
of
Network of Excellence –
(MetaMaterials Organized
for radio, millimeter wave, and PHOtonic
Superlattice Engineering).
4Partner of the walloon Region project
“Nanotic”.
METAMORPHOSE
4L. MORENO-HAGELSIEB, P.E. LOBERT, R.
PAMPIN, D. BOURGEOIS, J. REMACLE, D.
FLANDRE. Sensitive DNA electrical detection
2
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
3
based
on
interdigitated
Al/Al O
microelectrodes. Sensors and Actuators, B, 98
269-274, 2004.
4F. IKER, N. ANDRÉ, J. PROOST, T. PARDOEN
and J.P. RASKIN. Fabrication and modeling of
3-D self-assembled SOI MEMS using plasticity
features. 18th IEEE International Conference
on MicroElectroMechanical Systems - MEMS
2005, Miami, FL, USA, Jan. 30–Feb. 3, pp.
459-462, 2005.
Patents
4J.P. RASKIN, D. LEDERER and F. BRUNIER.
Patent application no. 240 578 / D21249,
Procédé
de
fabrication
de
structure
multicouche à pertes diminuées. September
2003.
4D. FLANDRE, R. PAMPIN, L. MORENO, D.
BOURGEOIS, J. REMACLE, P.E. LOBERT.
Method and device for high sensitivity
detection of the presence of DNA and other
probes.
European
patent
submission
02447122.9, 24 June 2002.
4G.P. BEYER, K. MAEX and J. PROOST.
Method for filling an opening in an insulating
layer. European Patent Number 99870058.7,
International Patent Number 60/083,822.
mechanical characterization
MEMS
microelectronics
microfabrication
optical characterization
surface functionalizing
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Thomas PARDOEN
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 24 17
Jean-Pierre RASKIN
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 09
Denis FLANDRE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 25 40
Alain CORNET
[email protected]
Tel 32 (0)10 47 32 53
Joris PROOST
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 93 42
WEB SITES
Awards
2nd Best Student Paper, IEEE Sensors 2004
Conference (Vienna).
Micro/nano-fabrication facilities :
http://www.dice.ucl.ac.be/cleanrooms
/cleanroom.htm
Partnership
4UCL, POLY/PCPM (surface properties).
4FUNDP, Namur, Belgium (DNA hybrization).
4Laboratoire Européen Associé with IEMN,
Lille, France.
Nanotic 8
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
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P R O G R A M M E
12.
Micro-sensors and microelectronics circuits integrated on silicon
and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates
SENIOR SCIENTIST :
4Denis FLANDRE
The activities of the Microelectronics Lab are
included in the CeRMiN (UCL Research Center
on Micro and Nanoscopic materials and
electronic devices). They focus on the
integration of new materials and concepts on
semiconductor
substrates,
using
microelectronics fabrication techniques in view
of realizing new high-performance integrated
sensors, MEMS, analog/digital/RF circuits and
hence microsystems.
Highlights of previous works include:
4the design of high-precision and low-power
interface circuits for integrated sensors and
their realization in SOI CMOS technology for
battery-operated applications (for example, a
sense channel amplifier for an implantable
cardiac pacemaker consuming only 110 nA);
4the design and realization of optical (UV),
magnetic, temperature, humidity, pressure, flow
and DNA sensors, and of a microhot plate for
gas sensors, with state-of-the art or record
performance (for example, our present DNA
microchip has a detection capability down to 0.1
nM of hybridized DNA);
4the study, optimization, modelling and
application of many new high-performance SOI
semiconductor devices (intrinsic MOSFETs,
gradual-channel or base MOS and bipolar
transistors, dynamic threshold MOSFETs, highvoltage LDMOS, RF MOSFETs (>40GHz);
4the design and realization of communication
circuits (amplifiers, mixers, filters, VCO, PLL,
turbo coders…) in SOI CMOS technology (for
example, for wireless portable devices in the
medical ISM frequency band at 433 MHz);
4the fabrication techniques for thin-film silicon
structures for MEMS or double-gate MOSFETs.
Design, fabrication and test of specific sensors
and electronic circuits integrated in silicon-oninsulator wafers.
Main Equipment
Complete pilot fabrication line on silicon/SOI
substrates of about 400 m2 for the rapid
prototyping and validation of new fabrication
steps and integrated devices, sensors and
microsystems.
Physical and electrical characterization tools
available in a large range of frequencies and
temperatures.
Industry-standard simulation softwares for
processes, devices and circuits on silicon.
4D. FLANDRE. Part 1 : Design of low-voltage
low-power CMOS analog building blocks and
OTAs using EKV modelling and gm/ID
methodology in bulk and SOI technologies. in
the book « Low power techniques and neural
applications in microelectronics », Ed. by J.
Oliver, ISBN : 84-922529-6-0, 2000, pp. 3-99.
4D. FLANDRE. Process alternative: SOI for
heterogeneous systems.
Microelectronic
Engineering, 2000, 54, 49-62, selected paper.
4D. LEVACQ, L. VANCAILLIE and D. FLANDRE.
Top-down design of an UHF (433 MHz) fully
integrated low-voltage, low-power SOI/CMOS
voltage controlled oscillator. 9th URSI Forum,
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, p. 39, December
2001.
4D. FLANDRE and al. Intelligent SOI CMOS
Integrated
Circuits
and
Sensors
for
Nanotic 12
Heterogeneous Environments and Applications.
IEEE Sensors Conf., Orlando, USA, June 2002.
4C. DUPONT, D. FLANDRE, J.P. RASKIN. SOI
CMOS compatible low-power microheater
optimization and fabrication for smart gas
sensor implementations. J. Laconte, Proc. of
IEEE Sensors Conference, June 12-14-2002,
Orlando, USA, p. 1395-1400.
4F. SILVEIRA , D. FLANDRE.
A 110 nA
pacemaker sensing channel in CMOS on
silicon-on-insulator.
Circuits and Systems,
ISCAS 2002, IEEE International Symposium,
Volume: 5, 2002, Page(s): 181–184.
FLANDRE,
J.P.
RASKIN,
D.
4D.
VANHOENACKER. SOI CMOS Transistors for
RF and Microwave Applications. in the book
“CMOS RF modeling, characterization and
applications”, published in "Selected Topics in
Electronics and Systems" by World Scientific
Publishing Co, Ed. M.J. Dean and T.A. Fjeldly,
2002 (ISBN 981-02-4905-5) pp. 273-362.
4P.E. LOBERT, D. BOURGEOIS, R. PAMPIN, A.
AKHEYAR, L.M. HAGELSIEB, D. FLANDRE and J.
REMACLE. Immobilization of DNA on CMOS
compatible materials. Sensors and Actuators
B: Chemical, vol. 92, Issues 1-2 , 1 July 2003,
Pages 90-97.
Patents
4V. DESSARD, D. FLANDRE. Differential
amplifier with gain substantially independent of
temperature. European Patent n°00110707.72215, 19.05.2000.
4V. DESSARD, S. ADRIAENSEN, D. FLANDRE.
Ultra Low Power Analog Basic Blocks.
European application n° 00870313.4-2203,
21.12.2000. Granted.
4D. FLANDRE, J.P. RASKIN, A. NEVE.
Semiconductor fabrication technique. European
application 26.03.01. , Int. Patent Application
PCT/BE02/00043 March 25th 2002.
- Scientific prize CEN*SCK Prof Roger Van
Geen 1999.
PARTNERSHIP
- HITEN (High Temperature Electronics
Network.
- NEXUS, User-Supplier club on MEMS for
geophysics and aeronautics.
- EUROSOI thematic network.
- SINANO “Silicon-based nano-devices”
network of excellence.
- European programs EURIMUS, MEDEA,
ESPRIT, IST, GROWTH, ESA.
- Région Wallonne (CAVIMA project).
- Industrial partners : IBM, Motorola, STM,
Schlumberger, X-FAB, CRF-Fiat, Alcatel,
SwatchS, Crouzet, EM Marin.
- Research centers CNM, IMEC, CEA-LETI, EPFL
.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
biomedical engineering
electronics
integrated circuits
microelectronics technology
nucleic acids
semiconductors
sensors and peripherals
SENIOR SCIENTIST
Denis FLANDRE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 25 40
WEB SITE
BOURGEOIS, J. REMACLE, P.E. LOBERT. Method
and device for high sensitivity detection of the
presence of DNA and other probes. Ffirst
deposition June 24th 2002.
Awards
- Siemens biennal award FNRS 1992.
- « Best Paper » award 1994, IEEE International
SOI Conference, USA.
- Wernaers prize 1997.
Nanotic 12
C A T H O L I Q U E
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P R O G R A M M E
13.
Materials and processes in semiconductor devices and MEMS
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Jean-Pierre RASKIN
4Denis FLANDRE
4Thomas PARDOEN
4Joris PROOST
4Alain CORNET
The development of Micro-electro-mechanical
systems
(MEMS),
nano-electro-mechanical
systems (NEMS) as well as nano-electronics
devices and circuits, heavily relies on progresses
in the processing, characterization and modeling
of existing or new materials.
Small scale
applications involve highly demanding constraint
on dimensions, on both functional and
mechanical properties for the bulk and surfaces,
and on durability. Among the infinite number of
extraordinary ideas and concepts, only a very
limited number of “killer” technologies will
emerge, the ones that are reliable in terms of
long term durability and reproducibility.
A large effort has been made at UCL in the
recent years to build a multidisciplinary group of
researchers gathering expertises in materials
science,
micro/nano-fabrication
technology,
integrated
systems,
physics,
chemistry,
continuum mechanics and electronics to support
the development of robust MEMS technology as
well as novel electronic devices at the micro and
nanometer scales. Major emphasis is put on
4improving deposition methods,
4depositing new thin film materials (SiC,
functional ceramics),
4integration of new materials in classical MOS
processes for improving electrical performance
and functionalities of micro/nano-devices,
sensors and circuits,
4wideband modeling and characterization of
advanced MOS devices,
4monitoring internal stresses during and after
deposition,
4optimizing etching methods to release
structures,
4improving wafer bonding techniques,
4making use of internal stresses to assemble
structures,
4measuring and modeling the elastic and (visco)
plastic
properties
of
thin
films
using
nanoindentation and microbending,
4measuring and modeling the adhesion of
wafers and films inside multilayers or on
substrates,
4accurately determining displacements using
optical methods,
4characterizing the microstructure of the thin
films.
4Measurement and extraction of electrical
properties (conductivity, permittivity, permeability)
for new materials over a wide frequency band.
4Deposition (LPCVD, PECVD, electrochemical)
and etching (chemical, plasma) techniques for
thin film coatings on solid substrates (silicon,
glass…).
4Optical non-destruct, characterization, laser
and low-coherence interferometry for high
precision
shapes
and
residual
stress
measurement, vibrometry and thermoreflectivity.
4Expertise in micromechanical testing, and
internal stress measurements.
Main Equipment
facilities (400 m2) in Wallonia with the all key
technologies required for microsystems and
micro/nano-electronics fabrication.
4Deposition chambers equipped with in-situ
monitoring of internal stresses.
4Micromechanical
tests:
Nano-indentation,
micro tensile testing stage for in-situ testing in a
SEM, microwedge tests.
4Characterization
techniques
:
optical
interferometry, SEM, TEM, OIM-EBSD.
4D. FLANDRE and al. Fully-depleted SOI CMOS
technology for heterogeneous micropower, hightemperature or RF microsystems . Solid-State
Electronics, 45, 541-549, 2001.
4D. VANHOENACKER, J.P. RASKIN AND D.
FLANDRE. SOI CMOS transistors for RF and
microwave applications. (invited paper). Inter. J.
High Speed Electronics Syst. 11, 1159-1248,
2001.
Nanotic 13
4E. QUÉVY, B. PARVAIS, J.P. RASKIN, L.
BUCHAILLOT, D. FLANDRE and D. COLLARD. A
BOURGEOIS, J. REMACLE, P.E. LOBERT. Method
modified Bosch-type process for precise surface
micro-machining of polysilicon. Journal of
Micromech. Microeng. 12, 328-333, 2002.
4P. E. LOBERT, D. BOURGEOIS, R. PAMPIN, A.
and device for high sensitivity detection of the
presence of DNA and other probes , European
patent submission 02447122.9, 24 June 2002.
4G.P. BEYER, K. MAEX and J. PROOST. Method
for filling an opening in an insulating layer,
European
Patent
Number
99870058.7-,
International Patent Number 60/083,822.
AKHEYAR, L. M. HAGELSIEB, D. FLANDRE AND J.
REMACLE. Immobilization of DNA on CMOS
compatible materials. Sensors and Actuators B:
Chemical 92, 90-97, 2003.
4J. LACONTE, F. IKER, S. JOREZ, N. ANDRE, J.
PROOST, T. PARDOEN, D. FLANDRE and J P.
RASKIN. Thin films stress extraction using
measurements. Microelectronic Engineering 76,
219-226, 2004.
4Y. BERTHOLET, F. IKER, J.P. RASKIN, and T.
PARDOEN. Steady state measurement of wafer
bonding cracking resistance. Sensors &
Actuators A. 110, 157-163, 2004.
4T. VAN DER DONCK, J. PROOST, K. BAERT, C.
VAN HOOF, J.P. CELIS and A. WITVROUW. Effect
of deposition parameters on the stress gradient
of CVD and PECVD poly-SiGe for MEMS
applications. Proceedings of the SPIE conference
on micromachining and microfabrication process
technology, 5342, 8-18, 2004.
4L. MORENO-HAGELSIEB, P.E. LOBERT, R.
PAMPIN, D. BOURGEOIS, J. REMACLE, D.
FLANDRE. Sensitive DNA electrical detection
based on interdigitated Al/Al2O3 microelectrodes.
Sensors and Actuators – B, 98 269-274, 2004.
4F. IKER, N. ANDRÉ, J. PROOST, T. PARDOEN
and J.P. RASKIN. Fabrication and modeling of 3-D
self-assembled SOI MEMS using plasticity
features. 18th IEEE International Conference on
MicroElectroMechanical Systems - MEMS 2005,
Miami, FL, USA, Jan. 30-Feb. 3, pp. 459-462,
2005.
4Y. BERTHOLET, J.P. RASKIN, T. PARDOEN.
Cohesive zone based modelling of Si/Si and
SiO2/SiO2 interfaces in the presence of ductile
interlayers. Proc. of ICF11 – 11th International
Conference on Fracture 20-25 Mar 2005, Turin,
Italy, CD-Rom – 5083, 2005.
Patents
Awards
4Siemens-FNRS 1992 Prize.
4CEN•SCK Prof. Roger Van Geen 1999 Prize.
42nd Best Student Paper, IEEE Sensors 2004
Partnership
4UCL, POLY and PCPM units, Belgium.
4Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire, FUNDP,
Namur, Belgium .
4Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble,
France.
4Laboratoire
Européen
Associé,
Institut
d’Electronique,
de
Microélectronique
et
Nanotechnologie, Lille, France.
IMEC, Leuven, Belgium.
4Partner of Network of Excellence – SINANO
(Silicon-based nanodevices).
4Partner of Network of Excellence –
METAMORPHOSE (MetaMaterials ORganized
for radio, millimeter wave, and PHOtonic
Superlattice Engineering).
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
microelectromechanical systems
microelectronics
microfabrication
multimaterials
deposition
thin films
internal stress
adhesion
durability
strength
surface functionalizing
advanced mos technology
non-destructive optical characterization
4D. FLANDRE, A. NÈVE and J.P. RASKIN. Patent
application n° EP 1 244 142 A1, Fabrication
method of SOI semiconductor devices, Sept. 25,
2002.
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
4J.P. RASKIN, D. LEDERER and F. BRUNIER.
Patent application n°. 240 578 / D21249,
Procédé de fabrication de structure multicouche
à pertes diminuées, Sept. 2003.
Thomas PARDOEN
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0) 10 47.24.17
4J.P. RASKIN and D. LEDERER. Patent
International application n°. PCT/BE2004/000137,
High resistivity poly-SOI substrate, Sept. 2004.
Jean-Pierre RASKIN
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47.23.09
Nanotic 10
Denis FLANDRE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47.25.40
Alain CORNET
[email protected]
Tel 32 (0)10 47 32 53
Joris PROOST
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 93 42
WEB SITES
CeRMiN : www.crmn.ucl.ac.be
Micro/nano-fabrication facilities :
www.dice.ucl.ac.be/cleanrooms/cleanroom.
htm
Nanotic 10
C A T H O L I Q U E
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P R O G R A M M E
14.
Digital circuits and systems
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Denis FLANDRE
4Jean-Didier LEGAT
4Jean-Jacques QUISQUATER
Low-power digital electronics. At the
Microelectronics Laboratory, a wide expertise
has been gained at each design level from
device to system, e.g.:
4Low-power device and logic styles were
studied with various devices like Dynamic
Threshold or Multiple Threshold MOS
transistors. Their use, together with the
emerging
technology
Silicon-on-Insulator,
allows to implement every kind of logic styles
to investigate low-power features.
4Dynamic current-mode logic styles were
intensively analyzed and a new one called
Low-Swing Current-Mode Logic was designed
for several low-power applications.
4Novel full adder architectures: special
logic styles like branch-based logic and passgate allowed the implementation of hybrid
high-performance low-power full adders.
Moreover, a special multi-value signed-digit full
adder using Ultra-Low-Power diodes was
designed and other versions using dynamic
current-mode
logic
styles
are
under
development.
4Low-power microcontrollers : thanks to
the extensive use of low power state-of-the-art
techniques at gate and architectural levels, a
low-power
80C51
microcontroller
was
designed. A high temperature version was
manufactured to meet wide-range industry
standards and a deep-submicron one is under
development
to
reach
still
higher
performances. FPGAs (Field Programmable
Gates Arrays). Most of the research works
cover topics about cryptography, image
processing and hardware security:
4Cryptography : a lot of cryptographic
modules (3-DES, AES, RSA, SHA-1, ECC, …)
were studied in order to evaluate their
efficiency on FPGAs. The 3-DES and AES cores
are
currently
the
most
efficient
implementations in the literature. These good
designs result from the excellent background
of cryptography theories.
4Image processing : thanks to collaborations
with the image processing laboratory of UCL,
the first FPGA publications of JPEG2000
decoder and fingerprinting inserter were
achieved.
The
laboratory
continues
investigations on such topics combined with
cryptography, in order to meet the future Digital
Cinema requirements.
4Hardware security : the microelectronic
laboratory and the COSIC of KULeuven were
the first to develop and test methodologies to
mount efficient attacks against FPGA-based
hardware implementations of cryptographic
algorithm such as DES, AES, etc. Efficient
power consumption models were designed and
used to do so.
Moreover, some
recommendations were made to improve the
security of cryptographic algorithms on FPGAbased platforms.
Microprocessor design and advanced
computer architecture. The topics covered
are in the scope of signal processing,
embedded systems and general-purpose
processors:
4RISC architectures : the basic high
performance processor architecture is well
studied, simulated and used as baseline
architecture.
4Systolic and DSP architectures : such
architectures were developed for high
performances
signal
processing
and
reconfigurable applications. Several optimized
applications were validated such as image
compression or wavelet transforms.
4Superscalar processors : evolutions of this
general-purpose architecture have been
proposed. In particular, a further parallelism
extraction by a multithreaded execution model
has been developed and validated.
4Parallel architectures : researches are
carried out on instruction-level parallel
architectures such as EPIC (Explicit Parallel
Instruction Computing) or VLIW architectures
for intensive computation in embedded
systems. Coarse grain parallelism and
reprogrammable hardware by RISC ISA layer
Nanotic 14
for application specific processors are also
studied in the field of FPGA embedded
applications.
Experimental Linear Cryptanalysis. IEEE
Transactions on Computers, vol. 32, n°4, pp
473-482, April 2003.
4G. DILLEN, B. GEORIS, J.D. LEGAT, O.
CANTINEAU.
Combined
Line-Based
4Digital or mixed-signals ASIC design
4Real-time systems
4FPGA Development
4Rapid prototyping
4Dedicated parallel architectures
Architecture for the 5-3 and 9-7 Wavelet
Transform of JPEG2000. IEEE Transactions on
Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,
Volume 13, n°9, pp 944- 950, Sept. 2003.
Main Equipment
FPGA boards :
4PCI boards with Virtex-1000 FPGA (from
Xilinx).
4PCI board (BenNuey, from Nallatech), with
Virtex-II FPGA (XC2V6000-4, 6 million gates).
4PCI board (BenOne, from Nallatech), with
Virtex-II Pro FPGA (XC2VP20-5, 2 million gates +
inside Power PC).
4extension boards (BenDATA from Nallatech)
with Virtex-II FPGA (XC2V6000-4) and 24
Mbytes of ZBT SRAM; with (XC2V6000-5) and 1
Gbytes of DDR SDRAM.
4development boards (from MEMEC) with
Virtex-II Pro FPGA (XC2VP7-5); with Virtex-4
FPGA (XC4FX12-10, Power PC, EMAC controller,
1 million gates);
4development board (from AVNET) with
Virtex-4 FPGA (XC4LX25-10, 2,5 million gates).
4development board (XUP , from Digilent) with
Virtex-II Pro FPGA (XC2VP30-7, 3 million gates
+ 2 PowerPC cores).
Softwares :
4Simulation tools: Eldo 2.4, Modelsim 6.0,
Simplescalar 3.0, SystemC
4Synthesis tools: ISE 7.1, Symplify Pro 7.7,
Synopsys and Silicon Ensemble 5.4
4Implementation tools : ISE 7.1
4Design tools: Cadence work suite with DF II,
IC 5.0, Mentor Graphics with Eldo, VHDL-AMS
4Embedded software tools : EDK 7.1
4D. LEVACQ, V. DESSARD, S. ADRIAENSEN, D.
FLANDRE P. DESNEUX, J.D. LEGAT. A
4I. HASSOUNE, A. NÈVE, J.D. LEGAT, D.
FLANDRE. Investigation of low-power lowvoltage circuit techniques for a hybrid fulladder cell. Patmos 2004, Lecture Notes in
Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, pp 189197, 2004.
4F.X. STANDAERT, G. PIRET, G. ROUVROY, J.J.
QUISQUATER, J.D. LEGAT, ICEBERG: An
Involutional Cipher Efficient for Block
Encryption in Reconfigurable Hardware. FSE
2004, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol
3017, Springer-Verlag., pp 279-298, Feb.
2004.
4G. ROUVROY, F.X. STANDAERT,
QUISQUATER, J.D. LEGAT. Compact
Patents
4I. HASSOUNE, J.D. LEGAT. Low Swing
Current Mode Logic Style. Provisional US
patent application n° 60/571,383 filed on 14th
May 2004.
4V. DESSARD, S. ADRIAENSEN, D. FLANDRE.
Ultra Low Power Analog Basic Blocks.
International
PCT/EP01/15023
filed
on
17/12/2001.
FLANDRE ULP basic blocks and their uses.
"Continuation in Part" filed in USA on June 23rd
2003 under reference no. 10/602,016.
dedicated DSP architecture for discret wavelet
transform.
Integrated
Computer-Aided
Engineering, vol 7, no 2, pp 135-153, 2000.
Partnerships
FLANDRE G. ROUVROY, F.X. STANDAERT, J.J.
QUISQUATER, J.D. LEGAT. Efficient Uses of
SOITEC…).
4RECOPS : Euclid Eurofinder consortium
FPGAs for Implementations of DES and its
J.J.
and
efficient encryption/decryption module for
FPGA implementation of the AES Rijndael very
well suited for small embedded applications.
Extended paper, Nova Science Publishers,
NY, USA, entitled “Embedded Cryptographic
Hardware : Design and Security".
4EUROSOI : SOI technology EU Thematic
Network, FP6 (CISSOID, Philips, VTT,
investigating reconfigurable architectures
(Thales Communications Belgium, Thales
Nanotic 14
Systèmes aéroportés, Thales Italia SpA,
Elettronica SpA, MBDA, CESVIT Microelettronica
Srl, TECNOPOLIS CSATA, CEA List).
4CEA-Leti, INGP, ISEP, ENST, France.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
computer architecture
digital circuits
digital systems
FPGA, DSP
low-power
parallel architecture
system-on-chip
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Denis FLANDRE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 81 35
Jean-Didier LEGAT
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 25 40
Jean-Jacques QUISQUATER
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 25 41
WEB SITE
Nanotic 14
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
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–
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P R O G R A M M E
15.
Application of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for the
development of nano-biosensors
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Vincent BAYOT
4Alain JONAS
4Bernard NYSTEN
Main Equipment
The activities of our laboratories in this field
aim at the application of nanotechnologies and
nanomaterials for the development of biosensors.
In this framework, we develop nano-biosensors for the simultaneous detection of an
ensemble of 20 to 100 proteins (antibodies and
antigens in a first approach) in real time, on
very small sample volumes, while keeping the
same, or enhancing, the sensitivity of the tests
presently available on the market. These
sensors should also enable the measurement
in a large range of concentrations while
maintaining low cost and reduced amount of
equipment. Ideally, the analysis equipment
should be integrated in a laptop computer.
The heart of the sensor consists of nanoelectrodes covered with the specific receptors
corresponding to the protein that has to be
detected. These electrodes are placed on a
simple electronic system enabling the
detection of the presence of the protein. The
device
fabrication
is
based
on
nanotechnologies and self-assembly of organic
molecules.
Presently,
mono-analyte
sensors
are
developed and are tested on the following
molecules :
• thyroid
stimulating
hormone,
TSH
(thyrotropin) ;
• an antibody characteristic of those
produced by a human organism after
vaccination ;
• specific IgE of allergens ;
Then the technology will be extended to multianalyte sensors. The targeted applications are
the fabrication of diagnosis kits for the
detection of a series of antigens associated
with a specific pathology, the detection of
antibodies associated with a given vaccination,
the detection of the specific IgE from the
ensemble of the allergens of a given allergenic
species.
4Clean-rooms facilities.
4E-beam nanolithography.
(chronoamperometry, voltametry, …).
4High-resolution
scanning
electron
microscopy (FE-SEM with EDX).
4Nano-imprint lithography.
4Scanning probe microscopies (STM, AFM).
4Spectroscopies: FTIR, Raman, UV-visible.
EELS & EDX).
4X-ray diffraction (X-ray reflectometry).
4Access to surface analysis facilities (XPS,
ToF-SIMS, contact angle).
4M. DELVAUX, S. DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE.
Immobilisation of glucose oxydase on metallic
nanotubes arrays for application to glucose
biosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics.
18(7), 943-951, 2003.
4A. PALLANDRE, K. GLINEL, A.M. JONAS, B.
NYSTEN. Binary Nanopatterned Surfaces
Prepared from Silane Monolayers. Nanoletters.
4, 365-371, 2004.
4M.
DELVAUX,
A.
WALCARIUS,
S.
Electrocatalytic
H2O2 amperometric detection using gold
nanotube electrode ensembles. Analytica
Chimica Acta, 525 (2), 221-230, 2004.
4A.
PALLANDRE, B. DEMEERSMAN, F.
BLONDEAU, B. NYSTEN, A.M. JONAS. Tuning
the Orientation of an Antigen by Adsorption
onto Nanostriped Templates. J.A.C.S., 127,
4320-4325, 2005.
Nanotic 15
Partnership
The present project is a collaboration between :
4the Research Center on Micro- and NanoMaterials and Electronic Devices (CerMiN) of the
Catholic University of Louvain.
4the Center of Numerical Molecular Biophysics of
the Faculty of Agronomy of Gembloux
(Prof. C. Brasseur).
4the Service of Applied Genetics of the Free
University of Brussels.
4Financial support from Région wallonne
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
antibodies, antigens
bio-sensors
electroanalysis
instrumentation
micro- & nano-electronics
molecular self-assembly
nano-imprint
nanolithography
nanotechnologies
proteins
surfaces
thin films
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Vincent BAYOT
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 25 57
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 40 15
Alain JONAS
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 37 65
Bernard NYSTEN
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 37 65
WEB SITES
http://www.nano.be
Nanotic 18
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
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P R O G R A M M E
16.
Nanotechnology of biosurfaces
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Yves DUFRENE
4Christine DUPONT-GILLAIN
4Paul ROUXHET
The
research
activity
deals
with
nanobiotechnology, i.e. the design and
investigation of biological systems on the
nanometer scale. This includes the control of
interactions between living cells and their
environment, the creation of nanobiomimetic
structures by self-assembly and by scanning
probe devices, the manipulation of single
biomolecules and the development of highsensitivity biosensors.
Recent achievements concern :
4the elaboration and, or characterization of
materials
surfaces
(polymers,
metals,
adsorbed layers) with properties (topography,
chemical composition) controlled on the µmnm scale;
4the supramolecular organization of adsorbed
proteins and its dependence on substratum
properties and processing factors;
4the
supramolecular
organization
of
supported lipid membranes;
4the development of methods and the
modification of AFM probes to investigate the
surface
properties
(relief;
electrostatic,
macromolecular,
specific
interactions;
mechanical properties) of microbial cells on the
nanometer scale.
The following topics are currently addressed :
4Structure and interactions of biomolecules at
solid surfaces: adsorbed proteins, selfassembled monolayers, grafted layers, single
molecule experiments.
4Nanoscale properties of lipid membranes:
molecular organization of mixed monolayers
and bilayers, physical properties and molecular
interaction forces using functionalized AFM
tips, drug-membrane interactions, biomedical
applications.
4Surface properties of living cells at the
nanometer level: visualization of surface
ultrastructure, real time analysis of dynamic
processes, mapping of physical properties,
single molecule force spectroscopy, design
and use of chemically and biologically
functionalized AFM tips.
4Nanofabrication of biointerfaces
4Nanocharacterization of biointerfaces
4Chemical composition of surfaces
4Wetting properties of surfaces
4Electrical properties of surfaces
Main Equipment
4Atomic force microscope (AFM).
4X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS).
4Langmuir-Blodgett.
4Microelectrophoretic measurements.
4Streaming potential measurements.
4Wetting measurements.
4Cell adhesion devices.
4DUFRENE, Y.F., BOONAERT, C.J.P., GERIN,
P.A., ASTHER, M., ROUXHET, P.G. (1999) Direct
probing of the surface ultrastructure and
molecular interactions of dormant and
germinating
spores
of
Phanerochaete
chrysosporium, J. Bacteriol., 181, 5350-5354.
4DELEU, M., PAQUOT, M., JACQUES, P.,
THONART, P., ADRIAENSEN, Y., DUFRENE, Y.F.
(1999) Nanometer scale organization of mixed
surfactin/phosphatidylcholine
monolayers,
Biophys. J., 77, 2304-2310.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN , C.C., ROUXHET P.G.
(2001) Modulable nanometer-scale surface
architecture using spin-coating on an adsorbed
collagen layer. Nano Letters, 1, 2001, 245-251.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN, C.C., ROUXHET, P.G.
(2001) AFM Study of the interaction of collagen
Nanotic 16
with
polystyrene
and
plasma-oxidized
polystyrene. Langmuir, 17, 7261-7266.
4DUFRENE, Y.F. (2002) Atomic force
microscopy, a powerful tool in microbiology, J.
Bacteriol., 184, 5205-5213.
4DENIS, F.A., HANARP, P., SUTHERLAND, D.S.,
GOLD, J., MUSTIN, C., ROUXHET, P.G.,
DUFRENE, Y.F. (2002) Protein adsorption on
model
surfaces
with
controlled
nanotopography and chemistry, Langmuir, 18,
819-828.
DUFRENE,
Y.F.
(2002) Fabrication of
nanostructured polymer surfaces using
colloidal lithography and spin-coating, Nano
Lett., 2, 1419-1425.
4TOUHAMI, A., HOFFMANN, B., VASELLA, A.,
DENIS, F.A., DUFRENE, Y.F. (2003) Probing
specific lectin-carbohydrate interactions using
atomic force microscopy imaging and force
measurements, Langmuir, 19, 1745-1751.
4DUFRENE, Y.F. (2003) Recent progress in
the application of atomic force microscopy
imaging
and
force
spectroscopy
to
microbiology, Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 6, 317323.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN, C. C., JACQUEMART, I.
(2003)
Patterned
collagen
layers
on
polystyrene : direct probing using AFM in the
adhesion mapping mode. Surface Science,
539, 145-154.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
bioadhesion
biocompatibility
biomaterials
biomedicine
biomembranes
biosensors
biosurfaces
drugs
lipids, membranes
microbiology
nanobiomimetic, devices
nanobioscience
nanobiotechnology
nanocharacterization
proteins, adsorption
self-assembly
surfaces, cells
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Yves DUFRENE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 36 00
Christine DUPONT-GILLAIN
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 84
Paul ROUXHET
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 87
WEB SITES
Partnership
4NANOWAL
4CERMIN-UCL
4ISV-UCL
http://www.isv.ucl.ac.be
Nanotic 16
C A T H O L I Q U E
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17.
Physical chemistry of biosurfaces
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Paul ROUXHET
4Christine DUPONT-GILLAIN
4Yves DUFRENE
chemistry of colloids and surfaces, and to the
application of this discipline, particularly to
material science and bioengineering.
4Chemical composition of surfaces
4Wetting properties of surfaces (contact
angle, wetting dynamics)
4Electrical properties of surfaces and colloids
(zeta potential)
4Supramolecular organization of surfaces
The research of this team is focused on the
study of interfaces involving bioconstituents
and on the understanding of interfacial
phenomena
(adsorption,
adhesion,
flocculation, aggregation).
4the elaboration and, or characterization of
organic surfaces (polymer surfaces with
controlled properties, food constituents);
4the understanding of adhesion between
materials;
4the
relationships
between
chemical
composition, nanometer-scale organization
and properties of biosurfaces (proteins, lipids,
microbial cells);
4 the supramolecular organization of films of
adsorbed proteins and lipids and its
dependence on substratum properties and
processing factors;
4 the understanding and control of interfacial
processes (biofilm formation, aggregation)
involving microorganisms, in relation with
fermentation and environment protection;
4the understanding and control of mammalian
cell adhesion (relation with substratum surface
properties and protein adsorption, influence of
substratum surface heterogeneity at different
scales).
The following topics are currently addressed:
4 nanoscale properties of biosurfaces (see
details
in
topic
"Nanotechnology
of
biosurfaces"): materials, hemocompatibility,
thin layers of proteins and lipids, microbial
cells, mammalian cells;
4 influence of adsorption on the activity of
enzymes (model systems, environmental
systems);
design of smart material surfaces in order to
reduce biofilm formation.
Main Equipment
4X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS)
4Atomic force microscope (AFM)
4Langmuir-Blodgett
4Microelectrophoretic measurements
4Streaming potential measurements
4Contact angle measurements
4Dynamic wetting
4Surface tension measurements
4Bio-adhesion devices
4Image analysis
4DEWEZ, J.L., LHOEST, J.B., DETRAIT, E.,
BERGER, V., DUPONT-GILLAIN, C.C., VINCENT,
L.M., SCHNEIDER, Y.J., BERTRAND, P.,
ROUXHET, P.G (1998), Adhesion of mammalian
cells to polymer surfaces : from physical
chemistry of surfaces to selective adhesion on
defined patterns. Biomaterials, 19, 1441-1445.
4DUFRENE, Y.F., BOONAERT, C.J.P., GERIN,
P.A., ASTHER, M., ROUXHET, P.G. (1999) Direct
probing of the surface ultrastructure and
molecular interactions of dormant and
germinating
spores
of
Phanerochaete
chrysosporium., J. Bacteriol., 181, 5350-5354.
4DUFRENE, Y.F., MARCHAL, T.G., ROUXHET,
P.G. (1999) Probing the organization of
adsorbed protein layers : complementarity of
atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy and radiolabeling, Applied
Surface Science, 144-145, 638-643.
Nanotic 17
4BOONAERT, C.J.P., ROUXHET, P.G. (2000)
Surface of lactic acid bacteria : relationships
between
chemical
composition
and
physicochemical properties. Appl. Environ.
Microb., 66, 2548-2554.
4ALAERTS, J.A., DE CUPERE, V.M., MOSER, S.,
VAN DEN BOSCH DE AGUILAR, P., ROUXHET,
P.G. (2001) Surface characterization of
poly(methyl methacrylate) microgrooved for
contact guidance of mammalian cells.
Biomaterials, 22, 2001,1635-1642.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN, C.C., ROUXHET, P.G.
(2001) AFM Study of the interaction of collagen
with
polystyrene
and
plasma-oxidized
polystyrene. Langmuir, 17, 7261-7266.
GOLD, J., MUSTIN, CH., ROUXHET, P.G.,
DUFRENE Y.F. (2002) Protein adsorption on
model
surfaces
with
controlled
nanotopography and chemistry. Langmuir, 18,
819-828.
4BOONAERT,
C.J.P.,
DUFRENE,
Y.D.,
ROUXHET, P.G. (2002) Adhesion (primary) of
microorganisms
onto
surfaces.
In
Encyclopedia Environmental Microbiology
(Bitton G., ed.), Biofilms (Flemming, H.C., ed.),
Wiley, New York, 113-132.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN, C.C., JACQUEMART, I.
(2003)
Patterned
collagen
layers
on
polystyrene : direct probing using AFM in the
adhesion mapping mode. Surface Science,
539, 145-154.
4ROUXHET,P. G., DUPONT-GILLAIN, C.C.,
GENT, M.J., DUFRENE, Y.F. (2003) Use of X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force
microscopy for studying interfaces in biofilms.
In : Biofilms in Medecine, Industry and
Environmental Biotechnology (P. Lens, A.P.
Moran, T. Mahony, P. Stoodley and V.
O'Flaherty, eds.), IWA Publishing, London, 16,
259-284.
Patents
4DEWEZ, J.L., LHOEST, J.B., DETRAIT, E.,
ROUXHET, P.G., BERTRAND, P., VAN DEN
BOSCH DE AGUILAR, PH. (Oct. 5, 1999)
Biomaterial and method for obtaining it. U.S.
Patent 5, 962, 136
4DUPONT-GILLAIN, CH. C. AND ROUXHET P.G.
(December 17, 2001) Method for controlling
the morphology of a polymer surface and said
obtained polymer surface.
Application n° PCT/EP01/14862
Int.
Patent
Awards
P. Rouxhet, Francqui Chair : KULeuven 1991 ;
FUSAGembloux 2004.
Partnership
4Companies : Baxter, Arcelor, IBt
Partner of :
4Institut des Sciences de la Vie (ISV)
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
4Centre de recherches en dispositifs et
matériaux électroniques micro- et
nanoscopiques (CERMIN) - UCL
4Wallonia Network for Nanotechnology
(NANOWAL)
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
adhesion, cells
adsorption, proteins, lipids, polymers
bioadhesion
biocompatibility
biomaterials
biomembranes
enzymes, adsorption, activity
lipids, membranes
polymers, surfaces
proteins, adsorption
smart surfaces
surfaces
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Paul ROUXHET
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0) 10 47 35 87
Christine DUPONT-GILLAIN
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 84
Yves DUFRENE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 36 00
WEB SITES
Nanotic 17
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
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–
N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
18.
Bio-material interfaces
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Michèle DEBATTY-MESTDAGH
4Christine DUPONT
4Yves DUFRENE
4Paul ROUXHET
chemistry of dispersed systems and surfaces, and
to the application of this discipline, particularly to
material science and bioengineering. The
research is organized along three major streams :
4physical chemistry of soft matter (aqueous
solutions of macromolecules, gels);
4interfaces between materials and biosystems
(composition
and
organisation,
molecular
interactions, interfacial processes);
• 4biosystems on the nanometer scale
(biomolecules, biomembranes, living cells).
4the probing of biosurfaces by atomic force
microscopy (physico-chemical and specific
interactions, mechanical properties; mapping);
4the relation between chemical composition,
nanometer-scale organization and properties of
biosurfaces (microorganisms, lipid membranes,
adsorbed protein layers);
4the adhesion of microbial cells and formation of
biofilms;
4the creation of nanopatterned surfaces;
4the influence of surface patterning on adhesion
of mammalian cells.
Topics of current interest aim at :
4developing atomic force microscopy for the
study of living cells and biological membranes;
4designing surfaces with specific properties
(nanopatterned adsorbed protein layers, targeted
mammalian cell response, antifouling properties)
and understanding of the processes involved;
4improving the hemocompatibility of polymer
surfaces;
4fabrication of nanobiomimetic devices for
pharmacological testing;
4optimizing the use of polymers in dental care.
EPR : transition metal ions and free radicals.
Viscosimetry.
Chemical composition of surfaces.
Wetting properties of surfaces.
Electrical properties of surfaces and colloids
(zeta potential).
Supramolecular organization of surfaces.
MaIn Equipment
Atomic force microscope (AFM)
Bioadhesion devices
Contact angle measurements
Dynamic wetting
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
Image analysis
Langmuir balancethrough
Microelectrophoretic measurements
Rheometer
Streaming potential measurements
Surface tension measurements
X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS)
4DEWEZ J.L., LHOEST J.B., DETRAIT E., BERGER
V.,
DUPONT-GILLAIN
C.C.,
VINCENT
L.M.,
SCHNEIDER Y.J., BERTRAND P., ROUXHET P.G.
Adhesion of mammalian cells to polymer surfaces
: from physical chemistry of surfaces to selective
adhesion on defined patterns. Biomaterials, 1998,
19, 1441-1445.
4DEWEZ J.L., DOREN A., SCHNEIDER Y.J.,
ROUXHET P.G.
Competitive adsorption of
proteins: key of the relationship between
substratum surface properties and adhesion of
epithelial cells. Biomaterials, 1999, 20, 547-559.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN C.C., NYSTEN B., ROUXHET
P.G.
Collagen adsorption on poly(methyl
methacrylate) : net-like structure formation upon
drying. Polymer Int., 1999, 48, 271-276.
4DUFRENE Y.F., MARCHAL T.G., ROUXHET P.G.
Probing the organization of adsorbed protein
Nanotic 18
layers : complementarity of atomic force
microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
and radiolabeling.
Applied Surface Science,
1999, 144-145, 638-643.
C.,
ADRIAENSEN
Y.,
4DUPONT-GILLAIN
DERCLAYE S., ROUXHET P.G. Plasma-oxidized
polystyrene : wetting properties and surface
reconstruction. Langmuir, 2000, 16, 8194-8200.
4LEE G.U., METZGER S., NATESAN M., YANAVICH
Implementation of force
C., DUFRENE Y.F.
differentiation in the immunoassay.
Biochem., 2000, 287, 261-271.
Anal.
4DUFRENE Y.F., LEE G.U. Advances in the
characterization of supported lipid films with the
atomic force microscope. Biochim. Biophys. Acta,
2000, 1509, 14-41.
4VAN DER AA B.C., MICHEL R.M., ASTHER M.,
ZAMORA M.T., ROUXHET P.G., DUFRENE Y.F.
Stretching cell surface macromolecules by atomic
force microscopy. Langmuir, 2001, 17, 31163119.
4ALAERTS J.A., DE CUPERE V.M., MOSER S., VAN
DEN BOSCH DE AGUILAR P., ROUXHET P.G.
Surface
characterization
of
poly(methyl
methacrylate) microgrooved for contact guidance
of mammalian cells. Biomaterials, 2001, 22,
1635-1642.
4DUPONT-GILLAIN C., ROUXHET P.G. AFM study
of the interaction of collagen with polystyrene and
plasma-oxidized polystyrene. Langmuir, 2001,
17, 7261-7266.
4DENIS F.A., HANARP P., SUTHERLAND D.S.,
GOLD J., MUSTIN CH., ROUXHET P.G. and
DUFRENE Y.F.
Protein adsorption on model
microscopy imaging and force measurements.
Langmuir, 2003, 19, 1745-1751.
4TRUFFIER-BOUTRY
D.,
LELOUP
G.,
DEMOUSTIER-CHAMPAGNE S., GALLEZ X. A.,
DEVAUX J., MESTDAGH M. CHAMPAGNE B.
Identification of free radicals trapped in solid
methacrylated resins. J. of Polymer Science, A.
Polymer chemistry, in press.
Patents
DEWEZ J.L., LHOEST J.B., DETRAIT E., ROUXHET
P.G., BERTRAND P., VAN DEN BOSCH DE AGUILAR
Ph. Biomaterial and method for obtaining it.
Belgian Patent n° 09401022, Nov. 14, 1994;
International
Patent
Application
PCT/BE
95/00104, Nov. 14, 1995.
DUPONT-GILLAIN Ch. C., ROUXHET P.G. Method
for controlling the morphology of a polymer
surface and said obtained polymer surface.
European Patent Application n° 00870308.4, Dec.
19, 2000.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
biomaterials
biomedical, engineering, sciences
biophysics
colloid, chemistry
gels
hemocompatibility
lipids, membranes
nanotechnology
pharmacology
proteins
surfaces and interfaces, chemistry
surfaces with controlled nanotopography and
chemistry. Langmuir, 2002, 18, 819-828.
4HILLS B.P., GODWARD J., DEBATTY-MESTDAGH
M.M., BARAS L., SATURIO C.P., OUWERX C. NMR
studies of calcium induced alginate gelation. Part
II. The internal bead structure. Magn. Reson.
Chem., 2000, 38, 719-728.
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Michèle DEBATTY-MESTDAGH
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 36 61
4DUFRENE Y.F. Atomic force microscopy, a
powerful tool in microbiology. J. Bacteriol., 2002,
184, 5205-5213.
Christine DUPONT
[email protected]
Tel. 32(010 47 35 92
4AHIMOU F., DENIS F.A., TOUHAMI A. DUFRENE
Y.F. Probing microbial cell surface charges by
atomic force microscopy. Langmuir, 2002, 18,
9937-9941.
Yves DUFRENE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 36 00
4DENIS F.A., HANARP P., SUTHERLAND D.S.,
DUFRENE Y.F.
Fabrication of nanostructured
polymer surfaces using colloidal lithography and
spin-coating. Nanoletters, 2002, 12, 1419-1425.
4TOUHAMI A., HOFFMANN B., VASELLA A., DENIS
Probing specific lectinF.A., DUFRENE Y.F.
carbohydrate interactions using atomic force
Paul ROUXHET
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 87
WEB SITES
www.cifa.ucl.ac.be
www.cermin.ucl.ac.be
Nanotic 21
C A T H O L I Q U E
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P R O G R A M M E
19.
Biomaterials surface and interface
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Patrick BERTRAND
4Arnaud DELCORTE
4Claude POLEUNIS
chemistry of solid surfaces and interfaces. The
objective is to develop surface treatments and
modifications in order to provide new surface
properties in view of specific applications in
materials science.
To reach this goal, our approach is based on a
control of the surface atomic and molecular
composition and structure.
The first step required in this way is to be able to
characterize the solid surfaces in terms of chemical
and functional composition and structure at the
nanometer scale. For that purpose, our main
expertise has been the development and the use
of surface analytical methods based on the ionsolid
interaction
(Secondary
Ion
Mass
Spectrometry and Ion Scattering Spectrometry ISS and RBS), in combination with other surface
techniques such as AES, XPS and the Near Field
Microscopies (AFM, STM).
More specifically, for ten years, we were
contributing to the development of the static SIMS
technique for the molecular characterization of
surfaces, with a special emphasis for the organic
materials such as polymers.
The
surface
properties
of
interest
are
biocompatibility,
specific
catalytic
activity,
gas/molecule
permeability
and
adhesive
properties. The methods used to modify the
treatments : plasma treatments, ion beam
metallic) layer adsorption.
We have studied the surface modifications in order
to
improve
adhesive
properties
and
biocompatibility. A special attention was paid to
protein adsorption in view of controlling cell
adhesion on micro-patterned polymer surfaces or
to prevent biofouling.
The group has a long experience of collaboration
with partners from university and industry research
centers.
Service provided to companies for practical surface
characterization and imaging.
Main Equipment
Equipments for surface characterization :
4Ion Scattering Spectrometry (ISS)
4Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
- quadrupole mass spectrometer (static and
dynamic SIMS)
- static imaging time-of-flight mass spectrometer
(ToF-SIMS)
4Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (using a
VDG accelerator) RBS
4Scanning Auger Microprobe (AES–SAM)
4Access to AFM, STM, XPS-ESCA, SEM, TEM, XRD,
Ellipsometry, static and dynamic contact angles,
IR, Raman
4J.B. LHOEST, E. DETRAIT, P. VAN DEN BOSCH DE
AGUILAR and P. BERTRAND.
Sampling of
protein/surfactant competitive adsorption by timeof-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy.
In "ICPSI-2,
Polymer-Solid Interfaces : From Model to Real
Systems", Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf., Namur Belgium, Aug. 12-16, 1996, Eds. J.-J. Pireaux, J.
Delhalle and P. Rudolf, Presses Universitaires de
Namur, 1998, 289–298.
4J.B. LHOEST, E. DETRAIT, P. VAN DEN BOSCH DE
AGUILAR and P. BERTRAND.
Fibronectin
adsorption, conformation and orientation on
polystyrene substrates studied by radiolabelling,
XPS and ToF SIMS. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. 41,
1998, 95-103.
4E. DETRAIT, J.B. LHOEST, B. KNOOPS, P.
BERTRAND and P. VAN DEN BOSCH DE AGUILAR.
Orientation of cell adhesion and growth on
Nanotic 19
patterned heterogeneous polystyrene surface. J.
Neuroscience Methods 84, 1998, 193-204.
4J.L. DEWEZ, J.B. LHOEST, E. DETRAIT, V.
BERGER, C. DUPONT-GILLAIN, L..M. VINCENT, Y.J.
SCHNEIDER, P. BERTRAND, P.G. ROUXHET.
Adhesion of mammalian cells to polymer surfaces:
from physical chemistry of surfaces to selective
adhesion on defined patterns. Biomaterials 19,
1998, 1441-1445.
4E. DETRAIT, J.B. LHOEST, P. BERTRAND and P.
FibronectinVAN DEN BOSCH DE AGUILAR.
pluronic co-adsorption on polystyrene with
increasing hydrophobicity: relationship with cell
adhesion. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. 45, 1999, 404413.
Albumin
4L. ROUXHET and P. BERTRAND.
adsorption on polycarbonate: correlation between
XPS and TOF-SIMS analyses. In “Secondary Ion
Mass Spectrometry, SIMS XII”, Eds; A.
Benninghoven, P. Bertrand, H.-N. Migeon and H.
Werner, Elsevier Science Publ., 2000, 907-910.
4C.M. PRADIER, P. BERTRAND, M.N. BELLONFONTAINE, C. COMPÈRE, D. COSTA, P. MARCUS, C.
POLEUNIS, B. RONDOT, M.G. WALLS. Adsorption of
proteins on an AISI 316 stainless steel surface in
natural sea water. Surf. Interface. Anal.,30, 2000,
420-424.
4C. COMPERE, M.N. BELLON-FONTAINE, P.
BERTRAND, D. COSTA, P. MARCUS, C. POLEUNIS,
C.M. PRADIER, B. RONDOT and M.G. WALLS.
Kinetics of conditioning layer formation on stainless
steel immersed in seawater. Biofouling, 17, 2001,
129-145.
4C. POLEUNIS, C. COMPÈRE and P. BERTRAND.
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry:
characterization of stainless steel surfaces
immersed in natural seawater. J. Microbiological
Methods 48, 2002, 195-205.
4C. POLEUNIS, C. RUBIO, C. COMPÈRE and P.
BERTRAND. Role of salts on the BSA adsorption
on stainless steel in aqueous solutions : II) ToFSIMS spectral and chemical mapping study. Surf.
Interface Anal. 34, 2002, 55-58.
4C. POLEUNIS, C. RUBIO, C. COMPÈRE, P.
BERTRAND. ToF-SIMS chemical mapping study of
protein adsorption onto stainless steel surfaces
immersed in saline aqueous solutions. Appl. Surf.
Sci. 203-204, 2003, 693-697.
4M. HENRY, C. DUPONT–GILLAIN and P.
Conformation change of albumin
BERTRAND.
adsorbed on polycarbonate membranes as
revealed by ToF-SIMS. in Langmuir, 2003.
Patents
Biomaterial and method for obtaining it, J.L.
DEWEZ, J.B. LHOEST, E. DETRAIT, P. BERTRAND, P.
VAN DEN BOSCH DE AGUILAR, P. G. ROUXHET,
Belgian Patent n° 09401022, Nov. 14, 1995;
International Patent Application PCT / BE95/00104,
Nov. 14, 1995; United states Patent n° 5, 962,136,
1998.
Membrane pour chambre d'encapsulation de
cellules produisant au moins une substance
biologiquement active et organe bio-artificiel
comprenant une telle membrane, A. BELCOURT, P.
BERTRAND, G, LEGEAY, L. KESSLER, demande de
brevet français n°0101248 du 30/01/2001,
PCT/FR02/00347.
Awards
Prof. at University of Houston, Texas (USA), 1992
Partnership
4Action de Recherche Concertée, Belgium,
«Interaction
électron-vibration
dans
les
nanostructures ».
4WALEO programme, Belgium , OLIGONIC
Project, collab. with Universities of Namur and
Liège, “Systèmes automatisés de diagnostic
moléculaire par manipulations microfluidiques et
détection électronique”.
4Programme “Réseaux” Région Wallonne,
SENSOTEM, collab. with University of Liège, Bio
senseurs pour diagnostic de maladies virales.
46th European framework programmes STREP and
NANOBEAMS.
4Research Group on “ Etude de l’adhésion du
biofilm et recherche de voies nouvelles
d’inhibition de la fixation des salissures marines”,
with IFREMER, CNRS, INP & Univ. Toulouse III,
Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, univ. Bretagne sud,
Min. français de la Défense, Ecole nat. de chimie
Paris
4Research
group
on
« Encéphalopathies
spongiformes subaigües transmissibles”, with
Ecole Centr. Lyon, Univ. Lyon et société ANIOS.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
biomaterials
ion spectrometries
protein adsorption
surface modifications
SENIOR SCIENTIST
Patrick BERTRAND
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 81
Arnaud DELCORTE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 82
Claude POLEUNIS
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 35 82
WEB SITE
Nanotic 22
C A T H O L I Q U E
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20.
Nano- bio -sensors for biomedical assays
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Patrick BERTRAND
4Vincent BAYOT
4Alain M. JONAS
4Bernard NYSTEN
Main Equipment
The activities of our laboratories in this field aim
at the application of nanotechnologies and
nanomaterials for the development of biosensors.
4Clean-rooms facilities
4E-beam nanolithography
(chronoamperometry, voltametry, …)
4High-resolution scanning electron microscopy
(FE-SEM with EDX)
4Nano-imprint lithography
4Scanning probe microscopies (STM, AFM)
4Spectroscopies: FTIR, Raman, UV-visible
EELS & EDX)
4X-ray diffraction (X-ray reflectometry)
4Access to surface analysis facilities (XPS, ToFSIMS, contact angle)
In this framework, we develop nano-bio-sensors
for the simultaneous detection of an ensemble of
20 to 100 proteins (antibodies and antigens in a
first approach) in real time, on very small sample
volumes, while keeping the same, or enhancing,
the sensitivity of the tests presently available on
the market. These sensors should also enable
the measurement in a large range of
concentrations while maintaining low cost and
reduced amount of equipment.
Ideally, the
analysis equipment should be integrated in a
laptop computer.
Partnership
The heart of the sensor consists in nanoelectrodes covered with the specific receptors
corresponding to the protein that has to be
detected. These electrodes are placed on a
simple electronic system enabling the detection
of the presence of the protein. The device
fabrication is based on nanotechnologies and
self-assembly of organic molecule.
Presently, mono-analyte sensors are developed
and are tested on the following molecules :
• thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH (thyrotropin) ;
• an antibody characteristic of those produced by
a human organism after vaccination ;
• specific IgE of allergens .
Then the technology will be extended to multianalyte sensors. The targeted applications are
the fabrication of diagnosis kits for the detection
of a series of antigens associated with a specific
pathology, the detection of antibodies associated
with a given vaccination, the detection of the
specific IgE from the ensemble of the allergens of
a given allergenic species.
4The Research Center on Micro- and NanoMaterials and Electronic Devices (CerMin) of
the Université catholique de Louvain.
4The Center of Numerical Molecular Biophysics
of the Faculté d’’Agronomie de Gembloux
(Prof. C. Brasseur).
4The Service of Applied Genetics of the
Université Libre de Bruxelles.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
antibodies, antigens
biosensors
instrumentation
micro- & nano-electronics
molecular self-assembly
nano-imprint
nanolithography
nanotechnologies
proteins
surfaces
thin films
Nanotic 20
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Vincent BAYOT
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 25 57
[email protected]
Tel. (32)010 47 40 15
Alain M. JONAS
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 37 65
Bernard NYSTEN
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 37 65
WEB SITES
Nanotic 23
C A T H O L I Q U E
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P R O G R A M M E
21.
Enzymes and protein engineering
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Jacques FASTREZ
4Patrice SOUMILLION
The research efforts are devoted to the
development of new methods for the
generation of enzymes endowed with non
natural properties. Enzymes are modified
either by incorporation of non natural amino
acids using simple microbiological techniques
or by the techniques of accelerated evolution in
the laboratory. The enzymes to be engineered
are displayed on phage and combinatorial
libraries of mutants are generated; the mutant
enzymes are selected either by in vivo or in
vitro strategies depending on the final goal.
Libraries of phage displayed enzymes
This methodology has been applied, among
other things :
4to change the specificity of proteolytic
enzymes of industrial interest;
Main Equipment
4High sensitivity UV-Vis spectrophotometer
4Molecular biology equipment
4P. SOUMILLION, L. JESPERS, J. VERVOORT
and
J.
FASTREZ
(1995)
Biosynthetic
incorporation of 7-azatryptophan into the
phage lambda lysozyme : estimation of
tryptophan accessibility, effect on enzymatic
activity
and
protein
stability.
Protein
Engineering, 8, 451-456.
4to engineer a regulation into an
unregulated enzyme and generate mutants
with the potential to be used in
homogeneous immunoassays;
4F. VAN HOVE, S. VANWETSWINKEL, J.
MARCHAND-BRYNAERT and J. FASTREZ (1995)
4to target proteins and viruses towards
eucaryotic cells.
Synthesis and rearrangment of potential zinc
ß-lactamase inhibitors. Tetrahedron Letters,
36, 9313-9316 .
In selections for catalytic activity, organic
labels featuring inhibitory head groups are
designed and prepared in the laboratory; they
are reacted with the phage-enzymes libraries
under kinetic control; the labelled phageenzymes are then selected by affinity panning
and characterized.
In selections for regulation, libraries of phageenzymes are created, in which random peptide
sequences are inserted into exposed loops of
the enzymes in such a way that the insertion
remains compatible with activity; new enzymes
having acquired an affinity for target proteins
are selected; enzymes for which complex
formation can induce allosteric regulation are
isolated after screening.
Similar strategies have been used to target
proteins and bacteriophages to mammalian
cells with the purpose of developing delivery
vehicles for drugs and genes.
4J. MARCHAND-BRYNAERT, M. BOUCHET, R.
TOULLIAUX, C. BEAUVE and J. FASTREZ (1996)
Design and synthesis of a bifunctional label for
selection of ß-lactamase displayed on
filamentous bacteriophage by catalytic activity.
Tetrahedron, 52, 5591-5606.
4C. BEAUVE, M. BOUCHET, R. TOUILLAUX, J.
FASTREZ and J. MARCHAND-BRYNAERT (1999)
Synthesis,
reactivity
and
biochemical
evaluation of 1,3-substituted azetidinones as
enzyme inhibitors. Tetrahedron , 55, 1330113320 .
4D. LEGENDRE, P. SOUMILLION and J.
FASTREZ (1999) Engineering a regulatable
enzyme for homogeneous immunoassays.
Nature Biotech., 17, 67-72).
4C. BEAUVE, G. TJOENS, R. TOUILLAUX, J.
LAMOTTE-BRASSEUR,
J.
MARCHAND-
Nanotic 21
and J. FASTREZ (1999) 1Alkoxycarbonyl-3-bromoazetidin-2-ones
as
potential elastase inhibitors. Eur. J. Org.
Chem., 1441-1447.
BRYNAERT
diagnostics and the preparation of the said
conjugate, PCT Int. Appl. WO 0197854
Partnership
4S. VANWETSWINKEL, B. AVALLE and J.
FASTREZ (2000) Selection of β-lactamases
and penicillin binding mutants from a library of
phage displayed TEM-1β-lactamase randomly
mutated in the active site ω-loop. J. Mol. Biol.,
295, 527-540.
4D. LEGENDRE, N. LARAKI, T. GRÄSLUND, M.
E. BJØRNVAD, M. BOUCHET, P.-A. NYGREN, T.
V. BORCHERT, J. FASTREZ (2000) Display of
active subtilisin 309 on phage: analysis of
parameters influencing the selection of
subtilisin variants with changed substrate
specificity from libraries using phosphonylating
inhibitors. J. Mol. Biol., 296, 85-101 .
4P. SOUMILLION, J. FASTREZ (2001) Novel
concepts for selection of catalytic activity,
Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 12, 387-394
.
4Member of Institut des Sciences de la Vie
(ISV) Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
4Partner in the program Pôles d’attraction
interuniversitaires (PAI) on “Protein structure
and function in the post-genomic, proteomic
area”
4Partner of the European Research Training
Network (RTN) : European network on directed
evolution of functional proteins
4Partner in the program Actions de recherche
concertées (ARC) on “Accelarated molecular
evolution of enzymes”
4UCB, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
4I. PONSARD, M. GALLENI, P. SOUMILLION, J.
FASTREZ (2001) Selection of metalloenzymes
by catalytic activity using phage display and
catalytic elution, ChemBioChem, 2, 253-259 .
4D. LEGENDRE, B. VUCIC, V. HOUGARDY, A.L.
GIRBOUX, C. HENRIOUL, J. VAN HAUTE, P.
SOUMILLION, J. FASTREZ (2002) Beta-
cell targeting
diagnostic tools
directed evolution
enzyme engineering
immunoassays, homogeneous
protein engineering
transfection vectors
lactamase as a scaffold for protein recognition
and assay. Protein Science, 11, 1506-1518.
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Patents
4J. FASTREZ (1992) Method for selecting
recombinant microorganisms of which the
surface comprises at least one molecule
having enzymatic activity. PCT Int. Appl. WO
92-BE52 921130
Jacques FASTREZ
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 27 25
Patrice SOUMILLION
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 30 75
4D. LEGENDRE, P. SOUMILLION AND J.
FASTREZ (1998) Chimeric enzyme molecules
having a regulatable activity for use in assays,
PCT Int. Appl., WO 9823731
4J. FASTREZ AND P. SOUMILLION (2001)
Method for the selective survival or selective
growth of a target cell by the use of a
conjugate, its use in therapeutics and/or
WEB SITES
http://www.bioc.ucl.ac.be
Nanotic 21
C A T H O L I Q U E
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22.
Development of a microarray allowing the study of the genic expression
in prostatic cancers
SENIOR SCIENTIST :
4Jean-Luc GALA
Main Equipment
Prostatic cancer (PC) is a major problem of public
health because of their frequency and the
associated therapeutic problems.
The aim of the study is to establish the molecular
profile of prostatic cell line and tumors by a
multigenic analysis expression using a DNA
microarray. We need to assess the effect of
therapeutic agents (hormono-, radio-therapy,
kinase inhibitors), to predict prostate cells
response to these agents and to better understand
what are the genetic mechanism of apoptosis or
resistance to apoptosis in this setting. The DNA
microarray technique is currently being developed
in
collaboration
with
Eppendorf
Array
Technologies. The capchips microarray will
monitor the expression profile of genes that are
known to influence prostate cell response to
xenobiotics.
In parallel, protein chips will be used to monitor the
effect of new drugs on phosphorylation process.
4 Molecular technologies : 13 thermocyclers, 1
Real time PCR (Taqman®), 1 Fast real Time PCR
(ABI 9700), 1 sequencer (ABI 3130), 1 pyrosequencer (Isogen PSQ96MA), 1 Fast PCR Tetrad
2 Thermal cycler (Biorad), 1 Fast-Prep-24.
4Microarray : Scanner for fluorescence detection
(Scanner Array Worx, Applied Precision), 1
scanner Genepix Axon 4200 autoloader AL
(DIPSI), (colorimetric and fluorescent reader,
spotter,
software
for
datamining
and
quantification), 2 hydridization Techne HB-1D.
4Fluorescent Inverted microscope : Axiovert 40
(Carl Zeiss) for EGFP recombinant clone detection
4Analysis system GeneProbe DTS 400 (PCA3).
43 BSL2 laboratories and 1 BSL3 under
construction
Some of these facilities are provided by Eppendorf
Array Technologies as cooperation agreement.
The results must allow us to better understand the
oncogenes mechanisms in prostatic gland and
determine new prognostic and predictive criteria
for the therapeutic response of the patients and
may be the base-line for new and more selective
therapeutics.
Another field of investigation is the detection and
quantification of prostate circulating cells in cancer
patients. This translational research has to develop
a clinical application that is now routinely
performed as a prognostic indicator in patient after
radical prostatectomy (see ref.).
4Detection and quantification of prostate
circulating cells
4Development of capchips microarray
4Development of protein chips (MAPkinase)
4DNA sequencing
4DNA cloning
4J.L. GALA, M. HEUSTERSPREUTE, S. LORIC, F.
HANON, B. TOMBAL, P. VAN CANGH, Ph. DE NAYER,
M. PHILIPPE. Expression of the prostate-specific
antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane
antigen (PSM) in blood cells : implications for the
detection of hematogenous prostate cells and
standardization. Clin. Chem., 3, 1998, 472-481.
4P.
BERTEAUX, F. DUMAS, S. LORIC, P.
ESCHWEGE, J.L. GALA.
Reverse transcriptase
polymerase chain reaction for prostate specific
antigen in the management of prostate cancer
[Letter to the Editor]. J. of Urology, 158, 1998,
1649.
4J.L. GALA and S. LORIC. Sensitivity or
specificity of RT-PCR assays : The real challenge
for molecular staging of prostatic carcinomas. Int.
J. Cancer, 77, 1998, 161-163.
Nanotic 22
4J.L. GALA. Despite its name, PSMA doesn’t
appear to be prostate specific. Urology Times,
page 8, September, 1998.
capchips
genes
microarray
PCA3
prostate
4P.J. VAN CANGH, B. TOMBAL, J.L. GALA.
Intermittent endocrine treatment. World Journal of
Urology 18 , 2000, 183-189.
4J.L. GALA, S. LORIC, Y. GUIOT, F. BRASSEUR, M.
HEUSTERSPREUTE, P. ESCHWEGE, G. BENOIT, F.
HANON, P. VAN CANGH, P. DE NAYER, B. TOMBAL.
SENIOR SCIENTIST
Jean-Luc GALA
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)2 764 31 65
Expression of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen
in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder :
prognostic value. Clinical Cancer Research 6,
2000, 4049-4054.
WEB SITE
4B. TOMBAL, P.J. VAN CANGH, S. LORIC, J.L.
GALA. Prognostic value of circulating prostate cells
in patients with a rising PSA after radical
prostatectomy. Prostate, 17, 2003, 163-170.
http://www.ctma.be
4 A.F. DEKAIRELLE, B. BRICHARD, , H.
DELHEZ, J.L. GALA. Transcriptionally inactive
p53 mutant does not correlate with adverse
outcome in a child osteosarcoma tumor. Pediatric
Hematology and Oncology, 2004; 21: 321-328.
4 A.F. DEKAIRELLE, B. TOMBAL, J.P. COSYNS,
J.L. GALA. Assessment of the transcriptional
activity of p53 improves the prediction of
recurrence in superficial transitional cell carcinoma
(TCC) of the bladder. Clinical Cancer Research,
2005; 11 : 4724-4732.
Patents
Genetic sequences, methods and diagnostic
and/or quantification methods for the identification
of
staphylococci.
Brevet
PCT/BE98/00141,
28.09.1998.
Partnership
Eppendorf Array Technologies (EAT), Namur
Belgium, grant First Europe Capchips.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
cancer
Nanotic
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23.
Development of microarray for genotyping bacteria and mycobacteria
SENIOR SCIENTIST :
4Jean-Luc GALA
The Laboratory of Applied Molecular
Technologies (AMT) hosts university and
military molecular research activities on
infectious diseases. Specialized equipment is
available as the own property of the laboratory.
Regarding the development of microarray, the
equipment required for spotting and reading
fluorescence is available through active and
official cooperation with Eppendorf Array
Technologies company. Collaboration with
federal laboratories is also active on the topic
of identification of pathogenic agents
(CODA/CERVA; Institut Pasteur).
Activities focus on molecular investigations of
microorganisms (bacteria, mycobacteria and
antibiotic resistance). The aim is to develop
clinical molecular assays allowing rapid and
specific diagnosis of infections in humans and
animals. Activities of the laboratory focus on
the development of new diagnostic assays and
tools. The development of molecular tools
aims to improve the clinical diagnosis of
infectious diseases affecting human beings
and animals. This is achieved by combining
gender and species-specific consensus
regions of microorganisms. Achievements can
therefore be summarized as follows:
1. Patents : identification, characterization
and cloning of new genomic targets
laboratory. This has led to two patents for
new staphylococcal and mycobacterial
targets (see below: patents). We are
currently proceeding with a third patent for
a molecular target characterizing gram–
positive bacteria.
2. Clinical validation : the specificity and
sensitivity of the new targets are being
tested in the laboratory on human and
animals samples. Specificity and sensitivity
of the molecular markers are tested and
compared to conventional microbiologic
methods. This has been successfully
performed
for
staphylococci
and
mycobacteria
(1-5).
Other
clinical
validations are ongoing (spondylodiscitis
and infection of prosthetic devices in
humans; mycobacteria in human and
animals–gorillas,
deers,
etc,
in
collaboration
with
CODA/CERVA).
Quantitative
assessment
of
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis using the
Taqman technology is under development
(Grant PARADIAG from the Région
Wallonne)
3. Bacterial resistance is also under the
scope of the laboratory. Currently, the
laboratory is assessing the resistance of
staphylococci
species
through
the
characterization of the mecA and
staphylococcal
cassette
chromosome
(according to the type and the calls of the
mecA resistance). A new project
sponsored by the Ministry of Defence and
started January 2004 will extend the scope
to
the
bacterial
resistance
to
aminoglycosides and penicillins.
4. Microarray : the aim of the laboratory is to
use the new targets as genotypic markers
on microarray. Accordingly, Pr. Gala, head
of the laboratory, has started the joined
interuniversity spin off Advanced Array
Technology (AAT) in July 1999. The spin
off became Eppendorf Array Technologies
(EAT) in July 2002. The laboratory has
actively cooperated with AAT and EAT to
develop new microrarray for genotyping
infectious agents. The new targets
identified and characterized in the
laboratory are currently used for these
purposes. Clinical relevance of this device
is currently assessed in the clinical setting.
5. DNA and bacteria bank : a bank is
actively being build up. The bank is used
to validate the specificity of new or
conventional molecular targets. For each
bacteria of this collection, bacterial DNA is
characterized by sequence analysis for
16srDNa, 16s-23s spacer and new
patented targets.
Nanotic 23
4Bacterial
DNA
typing
with
biochip
(Staphychip®; Mycochips®).
4Development of other biochips
4Identification of DNA genomic targets
4Bacterial DNA typing by multiplex procedure
4DNA sequencing
4DNA cloning
Main Equipment
4 Molecular technologies : 13 thermocyclers,
1 Real time PCR (Taqman®), 1 Fast real Time
PCR (ABI 9700), 1 sequencer (ABI 3130), 1
pyro-sequencer (Isogen PSQ96MA), 1 Fast
PCR Tetrad 2 Thermal cycler (Biorad), 1 FastPrep-24
4Microarray : Scanner for fluorescence
detection (Scanner Array Worx, Applied
Precision), 1 scanner Genepix Axon 4200
autoloader AL (DIPSI), (colorimetric and
fluorescent reader, spotter, software for
datamining and quantification), 2 hydridization
Techne HB-1D ;
4Fluorescent Inverted microscope : Axiovert
40 (Carl Zeiss) for EGFP recombinant clone
detection
4Analysis system GeneProbe DTS 400
(PCA3)
construction
Some of these facilities are provided by
Eppendorf Array Technologies as cooperation
agreement.
and the use of the femA-based discrimination
of staphylococcal species.
Research in
Microbiology, 1999, 150: 129-141.
4C. COETSIER, P. VANNUFFEL, N. BLONDEEL,
J.F. DENEF, C. COCITO, J.L. GALA. Duplex PCR
for differential identification of Mycobacterium
bovis, M. avium, and M. avium subsp.
Paratuberculosis in formalin-fixed embedded
tissue from cattle. J. Clin. Microbiology, 2000,
38 : 3048-3054.
4I. ALEXANDRE, S. HAMELS, S. DUFOUR, J.
COLLET, N. ZAMMATTEO, F. DE LONGUEVILLE,
J.L. GALA, J. REMACLE.
Colorimetric silver
detection of DNA Microarrays.
Biochemistry, 2001, 295: 1-8.
Analytical
4S. HAMELS, J.L. GALA, S. DUFOUR, P.
VANNUFFEL, N.
ZAMMATEO, J. REMACLE.
Consensus PCR and microarray for diagnosis of
the genus Staphylococcus, species, and
methicillin resistance. Biotechniques, 2001, 31 ;
1364-1372.
4N. ZAMMATEO, S. HAMELS, F. DE
LONGUEVILLE, I. ALEXANDRE, J.L. GALA, F.
BRASSEUR, J. REMACLE.
New chips for
molecular biology and diagnostics.
Tome
Volume 8, 85-101. Biotechnology Annual
Review - M. Raafat El-Gewely, Ed. Elsevier,
2002.
4I. ALEXANDRE, Y. HOUBION, J. COLLET, S.
HAMELS, J. DEMARTEAU, J.L. GALA, J. REMACLE.
Compact disc with both numeric and genomic
information as DNA microarray platform.
Biotechniques, 2002, 33 : 435-439.
4F. NACKERS, R. TONGLET, V. SLACHMUYLDER,
4P. VANNUFFEL, J. GIGI, H. EZZIDINE, B.
VANDERCAM, M. DELMEE, G. WAUTERS, J.L.
GALA.
Specific detection of methicillin-
resistant staphylococci species using multiplex
PCR. J. Clin. Microb., 1995, 33 : 2864-2867.
4J.L. GALA. Specific detection of methicillinresistant staphylococci species using multiplex
PCR. J. Clin. Microb., 1996, 34 : 1599.
4J.L. GALA, A.T. VANDENBROUCKE, B.
VANDERCAM, J.P. PIRNAY, N. DELFERRIERE, G.
BURTONBOY. HIV-1 detection by nested-PCR
and viral culture in fresh or cryopreserved
postmortem skin: potential implications for skin
handling and allografting. J. Clin. Pathol.,
1997, 50: 481-484.
4P. VANNUFFEL, M. HEUSTERSPREUTE, M.
BOUYER, M. PHILIPPE, J.L. GALA. Molecular
characterization of femA from Staphyloccus
hominis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
RC JOHNSON, A. ROBERT, C. ZINSOU, J.R.
GLYNN, F. PORTAELS, J.L. GALA. Association
between haemoglobin variants S and C and
Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer):
a case-control study in Benin. Tropical Medicine
and International Health, 2007, 12:1-8,
Patents
4Genetic sequences, methods and diagnostic
and/or
quantification
methods
for
the
identification of staphylococci. PCT/BE98/00141,
28.09.1998.
and/or
quantification
methods
for
the
identification of mycobacteria. US application
60/269.848 and US application 60/292.509;
European application n°002447026.2 filed on
February 15, 2002.
and/or quantification methods for the
Nanotic 26
identification of gram-positive bacteria. Ongoing
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
process, October 2003.
Partnership
Eppendorf Array Technologies (EAT)
bacteria
genotyping
microarray
resistance
CODA/SERVA
Institut Pasteur
Ministry of Defense, Belgium
SENIOR SCIENTIST
Jean-Luc GALA
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)2 764 31 65
WEB SITE
http://www.ctma.be
Nanotic 26
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
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24.
P R O G R A M M E
Multigenotypic identification of pathogenic bacteria and their
resistance determinant using biochip technology
SENIOR SCIENTIST :
4Jean-Luc GALA
While many tools exist for manipulation,
cloning,
sequencing,
transfection,
and
expression of genes, there is still a need for
multigenotypic device allowing a quick
identification and a specific detection of human
or bacterial genomic specific targets in
biological samples or environment.
In this respect, biochip holds great promises,
being one of the most powerful tools for
multiple, rapid and simultaneous analysis of
genes and DNA or RNA sequences. It appears
as an essential component allowing to exploit
the ever expanding genomic database.
The DNA microarrays or biochips are made of
a surface on which are covalently linked
multiple capture probes, each one being
specific for the binding and detection of one
DNA target. The advantage of the chips is to
allow the detection of multiple genomic
sequences in a single assay rather than
performing these one by one.
New
genomic
targets
are
identified,
characterized and cloned in our laboratory,
whereas development of the biochip tool itself
is performed by Prof. José Remacle, Facultés
Notre Dame de la Paix in Namur.
On the basis of a joined interuniversity start up,
we have developed and totally completed our
first application, a Staphychip®.
This biochip allows molecular identification of
staphylococci genus and species through only
one duplex PCR amplification. Amplicons are
hybridized on a set of genomic probes linked
on the chips :
4 A consensus genus specific probe allows
the detection of staphylococci in clinical
samples or environment, regardless of the
species.
4 Various species-specific probes allow a
specific identification of 5 among the most
common staphylococci species in human
pathology (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S.
hominis, S. haemolyticus, S. saprophtyticus).
4 Detection of mecA-specific probe, the main
staphylococcal
resistance
determinant
responsible for cross resistance towards all
beta-lactam
antibiotics
among
the
staphylococcal species. Clinical relevance of
this device is currently assessed in a range of
applications.
4 A pan resistance chip is under development
in the setting of a European network.
4Bacterial DNA typing with biochip Staphychip®
4Development of other biochips
4Identification of DNA genomic targets
4Bacterial DNA typing by multiplex procedure
4DNA sequencing
4DNA cloning
Main Equipment
Techne HB-1D ;
detection
(PCA3)
construction
Nanotic 24
Some of these facilities are provided by
Eppendorf Array Technologies as cooperation
agreement.
4P. VANNUFFEL, J. GIGI, H. EZZIDINE, B.
VANDERCAM, M. DELMEE, G. WAUTERS, J.L.
GALA.
Specific detection of methicillinresistant staphylococci species using multiplex
PCR. J. Clin. Microb., 1995, 33 : 2864-2867.
4J.L. GALA. Specific detection of methicillinresistant staphylococci species using multiplex
PCR. J. Clin. Microb., 1996, 34 : 1599.
4J.L.
GALA, A.T. VANDENBROUCKE, B.
VANDERCAM, J.P. PIRNAY, N. DELFERRIERE, G.
BURTONBOY. HIV-1 detection by nested-PCR
and viral culture in fresh or cryopreserved
postmortem skin: potential implications for skin
handling and allografting. J. Clin. Pathol.,
1997, 50: 481- 484.
4P. VANNUFFEL, M. HEUSTERSPREUTE, M.
BOUYER, M. PHILIPPE, J.L. GALA. Molecular
characterization of femA from Staphyloccus
hominis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
and the use of the femA-based discrimination
of staphylococcal species.
Research in
Microbiology, 1999, 150 :129-141.
4C. COETSIER, P. VANNUFFEL, N. BLONDEEL,
J-F DENEF, C. COCITO, J.L. GALA. Duplex PCR
for differential identification of Mycobacterium
bovis, M. avium, and M. avium subsp.
Paratuberculosis in formalin-fixed paraffinembedded tissue from cattle. J Clin
Microbiology, 2000, 38:3048-3054.
Orthopaedic prostheses and
4J.L. GALA.
bacterial infection.
Ann. Med. Mil. Belg.,
14 :53-62, 2000.
4P. VANNUFFEL, M. BOUYER, O. CORNU, M.
MOREAU, O. WENANU, B. VANDERCAM, J.-L.
GALA. Molecular strategies for identification of
infected prostheses.
14 :63-64, 2000.
Ann. Med. Mil. Belg.,
4F. LECOUVET, L.M. IRENGE, B. VANDERCAM,
A. NZEUSSEU, S. HAMELS, J.L. GALA. The
etiologic diagnosis of infectious discitis is
improved
by
amplification-based
DNA
analysis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2004, 9:
2985-94.
4J. GODFROID, C. DELCORPS, L.M. IRENGE, K.
WALRAVENS, S. MARCHÉ, J.L. GALA. Definitive
identification
of
single
versus
mixed
mycobacterial infections in red deer (Cervus
elaphus) by combined duplex upstreamp34:f57 amplification and Hpy188I enzymatic
restriction of duplex amplicons. Journal of
Clinical Microbiology. 2005,4640-4648.
4F.
NACKERS,
R.
TONGLET,
V.
SLACHMUYLDER, RC JOHNSON, A. ROBERT, C.
ZINSOU, J.R. GLYNN, F. PORTAELS, J.L. GALA.
Association between haemoglobin variants S
and C and Mycobacterium ulcerans disease
(Buruli ulcer): a case-control study in Benin.
Tropical Medicine & International Health,
2007,12:1-8.
4S. BURTEAU, P. BOGAERTS, R. DE
MENDONÇAS, L. IRENGE,C. BERHIN, J.HIFFE,N.
DE SAN, S. HAMELS, Y.GLUPCZYNSKI, M.
STRUELENS, J.L. GALA. Design and validation
of a low density array (Nosochip) for the
detection and identification of the main
pathogenic bacteria and fungi responsible of
nosocomial pneumonia. Submitted, 2007.
Patents
Genetic sequences, methods and diagnostic
and/or quantification methods for the
identification
of
staphylococci.
Brevet
PCT/BE98/00141, 28.09.1998
Partnership
4Eppendorf Array Technologies (EAT),
Namur, Belgium
4Facultés Notre Dame de la Paix , Namur,
Belgium.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
biochips
bacteria
cancer
diagnosis
epidemiology
molecular typing
multigenotypic identification
SENIOR SCIENTIST
Jean-Luc GALA
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)2 764 31 65
WEB SITE
http://www.ctma.be
Nanotic 27
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25.
Pharmacogenetics of cytochrome p450, thiopurine-methyltransferase and multidrug resistance
SENIOR SCIENTIST :
4Jean-Luc GALA
4Quantification of gene expression
Main Equipment
Some genes are known to play a major role in
the metabolism of drugs (cytochrome p450
gene or CYP, TPMT, etc…). The genetic
status defined by polymorphisms determines
the metabolism of active drugs (efficacy and
toxicity).
We are currently developing genetic screening
of some of the most clinically important
polymorphism affecting CYP 450 (2C9, 2C19,
2D6), MDR-1 and TPMT.
The goal is to establish a genomic bank
containing the most interesting alleles within
this family of genes. To do so, we are
screening Caucasian and African individuals.
We are correlating the genotypic status with
pharmacodynamic data in collaboration with
the faculty unit GAEN (Prof.Y. Horsmans).
In collaboration with Eppendorf Array
Technologies, we are also developing the
microarray detection system for SNP
genotyping of the most clinically relevant
alleles.
For the TPMT gene, we are already
implementing clinical applications in order to
guide the therapy of patients receiving
Azathioprine.
We are also studying the enzymatic activity of
recently discovered alleles in the Belgian
population. This study is performed in
collaboration with Prof. Broly (Hôpital
Calmette, Lille).
A wide range of other enzymes (YPC2C9,
CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2D6, CYP2C19,
VKORC1, etc…) are also under scrutiny and/or
tested in routine applications.
4Identification of DNA genomic polymorphism
4DNA Sequencing
Techne HB-1D ;
detection
(PCA3)
construction
4A.C. ALLABI, J.L. GALA (Corresponding
author), J.P. DESAGER, M. HEUSTERSPREUTE,
Y. HORSMANS.
Genetic polymorphisms of
CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in the Beninese and
Belgian populations. Br. J. Clin. Pharm., 2003
56:653-657.
4C. GALANT, J.L. GALA, V. VAN DEN BERGE, M.
BERLIERE, E. HAUMONT, Y. HORSMANS.
Immunolocalisation of Cytochrome P 450 3A
enzymes in human breast carcinoma:
relationship with tumor differentiation and
steroid receptors. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2001;
88:142-146.
4V. HAUFROID, F. TOUBEAU, A. CLIPPE, M.
BUYSSCHAERT, J.L. GALA, D. LISON. Real-time
quantification
of
cytochrome
P4502E1
Nanotic 25
(CYP2E1) mRNA in human peripheral blood
lymphocytes by RT-PCR : method and
practical application.
Clinical Chemistry,
2001;47:1126-1129.
4R. HAMDAN-KHALIL, D. ALLORGE, J.M. LOGUIDICE, C. CUAFFIEZ, D. CHEVALIER, N.
HOUDRET, C. LIBERSA, M. LHERMITTE, J.F.
COLOMBE, J.L. GALA, F. BROLY.
In vitro
characterization of four novel non-functional
variants of the thiopurine S-methyltransferase
(TPMT).
Biochemical and Biophysical
Research Communication, 2003;309:10051010.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
cytochrome p450
multidrug resistance (MDR-1)
pharmacogenetics
thiopurine-methyl-transferase (TPMT)
SENIOR SCIENTIST
Jean-Luc GALA
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)2 764 31 65
4A.C. ALLABI, J.L. GALA*, Y. HORSMANS, M.O.
BABAOGLU,
A.
BOZKURT,
M.
HEUSTERSPREUTE, U. YASAR. CYP2C9*5, *6
and *11 functional impact on losartan oxidation
among Black Africans. Clinical Pharmacology
WEB SITE
http://www.ctma.be
& Therapeutics, 2004; 76:113-8.
4A.C. ALLABI, J.L. GALA, Y. HORSMANS.
CYP2C9, CYP2C19, ABCB1 (MDR1) genetic
polymorphisms and Phenytoin Metabolism in
Healthy Black Beninese. Pharmacogenet
Genomics , 2005 ;11:779-86.
Partnership
4Prof.Y. Horsmans, GAEN, UCL
4Eppendorf Array Technologies (grant
WALEO from the Région Wallonne).
4Prof. Broly, Hôpital Calmette, Lille, France.
Nanotic 28
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26.
Wireless communications
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Claude OESTGES
4Luc VANDENDORPE
Wireless communications have become a very
exciting area with the success of GSM, UMTS
and WIFI. Even if some maturity has been
reached, new challenges are still to be faced,
like support of higher bit rates and throughput,
increase of mobility and interoperability of
different technologies. On top of current
systems with known topologies, new
paradigms are also currently explored like
cross-layer design or relaying strategies.
4Advanced Receiver Design
Since the invention of the turbo codes in 1993,
the idea of the turbo principle has been applied
to several elements of a receiver: combined
demodulation decoding; combined equalization
decoding, turbo synchronization.
Currently the turbo principle is exploited for
joint decoding/space time equalization STBICM
signals, and parameter estimation purposes.
4CDMA Communications Systems
CDMA is the technology on which UMTS is
built. Research is carried out about detection
of long code CDMA signals, and improved code
acquisition.
4Wireless Local Area Networks and HighAltitude Platform Systems
Channel models are developed for macro- and
megacellular networks, such as fixed
broadband wireless access, high-altitude
platform and mobile satellite systems.
4Resource allocation
OFDM is a very popular modulation technique,
used in a number of standards like IEEE
802.16. OFDM possibly combined with
precoding techniques like CDMA offers many
degrees of freedom in the design of the
system. Among others, the allocation of the
resources (power, tones, eigenvectors in MIMO
OFDM)
amongst several users active
simultaneously is an issue. Depending on the
knowledge of the channels and on the
objective function targeted, different allocation
strategies can be designed.
Cooperative communications
A new paradigm to exploit space diversity is to
introduce cooperation among users, relaying
the information one from each other. How to
exploit the diversity in cooperative systems is a
hot topic.
4MIMO Communication Systems
The research projects in Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output (MIMO) communications cover
channel
modeling
and
measurements,
together with the development of new spacetime signalling techniques exploiting the
spectral efficiency advantage of spatial
multiplexing and the robustness of eigenbeamforming.
Channel sounding at 1.9 GHz.
Main Equipment
4Vector Network Analyzers (40 MHz-110 GHz)
4Wideband Channel Sounder (80 MHz @ 1.9
GHz).
4Ultra-Wide Band Communications
In Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), research focuses
on channel modeling and communication
techniques,
such
as
time-reversal.
Synchronisation for UWB pulse based systems
is of primary importance.
4C. OESTGES. A stochastic geometrical vector
model
of
macroand
megacellular
communication channels. IEEE Trans. Veh.
Nanotic 26
Techn., vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 1352-1360,
November 2002.
4C. OESTGES, V. ERCEG, A.J. PAULRAJ. A
MIMO
physical
scattering
model
for
macrocellular broadband wireless channels.
IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun., vol. 21, No.
5, pp. 721-729, June 2003.
4C. OESTGES, A.J. PAULRAJ. Propagation into
buildings for Broadband Wireless Access.
IEEE Trans. Veh. Techn., vol. 53, No. 2, pp.
521-526, March 2004.
4B.
CLERCKX,
L.
VANDENDORPE,
D.
VANHOENACKER-JANVIER,
C.
OESTGES.
Optimization of non-linear signal constellations
for real-world MIMO channels. IEEE Trans.
Signal Proc., vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 894-902, April
2004.
4C. OESTGES, V. ERCEG, A.J. PAULRAJ.
Propagation modeling of multi-polarized MIMO
fixed wireless channels. IEEE Trans. Veh.
Techn., vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 644-654, May 2004.
4X. WAUTELET, A. DEJONGHE and L.
VANDENDORPE. MMSE-based fractional turbo
receiver for space-time BICM over frequency
selective MIMO fading channels. IEEE Trans.
Signal Proc., vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1804–1809,
June 2004.
4C. OESTGES, D. VANHOENACKER-JANVIER,
B. CLERCKX. Wideband SIMO 1 × 2
measurements and characterization of outdoor
wireless channels at 1.9 GHz. IEEE Trans.
Veh. Techn., vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 1190-1202,
July 2004.
4T. SARTENAER and L. VANDENDORPE. Linear
and DF joint detectors for DS-CDMA
communications using periodic long codes.
IEEE Trans. Signal Proc., vol. 52, pp. 2080–
2091, July 2004.
4A. DEJONGHE and L. VANDENDORPE. Bitinterleaved turbo equalization over static
frequency-selective channels : constellation
mapping
impact.
IEEE
Trans.
on
Communications, vol. 52, pp. 2061-2065,
December 2004.
4C. OESTGES, A.D. KIM, G. PAPANICOLAOU,
A.J. PAULRAJ. Characterization of space-time
focusing in time-reversed random fields. IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, No. 1, pp.
283-293, January 2005.
OESTGES,
B.
CLERCKX,
D.
4C.
A.J.
PAULRAJ.
Impact of fading correlations on MIMO
communication systems in geometry-based
statistical channel models. IEEE Trans.
Wireless Commun., vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 11121120, May 2005.
Awards
4Best Paper Award (B. Clerckx et al.), 9th
IEEE Symposium on Communications and
Vehicular Technology in the Benelux.
4IEE Marconi Premium Award 1999-2000 (C.
Oestges and D. Vanhoenacker-Janvier).
4Best paper award (H. Sneessen and L.
Vandendorpe), IEE 2005 London,
Conference on 3G and beyond, nov. 2005.
Partnership
4Stanford University, USA
4Eurecom Institute, France
4Vienna Institute of Technology, Austria
4University Roma Tre, Italy
4University di Pisa, Italy
4Technical University of Munich, Germany
4NEWCOM Network of Excellence in Wireless
Communications
4PAI interuniversity project MOTION
4COST 273 Action
4IEEE 802.11 standardization committee
4Research Contracts from the Walloon
Region, EUREKA, CELTIC
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
adaptative signal processing
multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)
propagation
turbo receivers
ultra-wide band (UWB)
wireless communications
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Claude OESTGES
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 89 98
Luc VANDENDORPE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 12
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 04
WEB SITES
http://www.tele.ucl.ac.be
http://www.lx.it.pt/cost273
https://newcom.ismb.it
http://www.iap-motion.be
Nanotic 26
C A T H O L I Q U E
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27.
Signal processing and information theory for wired communications
(DSL and PLC)
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Luc VANDENDORPE
4Jérôme LOUVEAUX
4Channel estimation
Wired communications have become rather
popular with the advent of DSL technologies.
These technologies will still evolve in the
future, while other technologies are being
considered, like powerline communications
(PLC). While solutions exist for DSL and PLC,
there is room for further optimisation, like fair
resource allocation among users, adaptivity,
coordination, etc …
In order to operate coordinated resource
allocation or spectrum optimisation, the
channels of different interfering users has to be
estimated. Different techniques are being
investigated, requiring different levels of
feedback from RX to TX.
4Fair multiuser
information theory
DSL-PLC oriented signal processing toolbox.
resource
allocation:
DSL and PLC can be looked at in the
framework of multiple access, broadcast and
interference channels. An important issue
when
several
users
communicate
simultaneously is the fair resource allocation
among users. Different fairness criteria can be
defined, which lead to different solutions, bit
rates, etc … In the framework of cross layer
design, research are conducted in this area.
4Advanced detection and estimation
methods for modems: turbo techniques
To transmit data a modem has to perform
several functions. Particular attention is paid to
turbo techniques, operated at the receiver side.
When coding is followed by an interleaver, and
transmission occurs over a frequence selective
channel, turbo equalization can be operated at
the receiver side.
The equalizer is implemented by means of a
soft-in/soft-out module, corresponding to the
BCJR algorithm or a filter based solution. The
SISO equalizer and the SISO decoder
iteratively exchange soft information, till
convergence.
A modem also has to estimate a number of
parameters. Research is conducted to design
turbo synchronizers which exploit the soft
information delivered by any soft output device.
Main Equipment
GHz).
4HP Signal generator (10 MHz BW), up to 2.4
GHz.
4L. VANDENDORPE, L. CUVELIER, F. DERYCK,
J. LOUVEAUX, O. VAN DE WIEL. Fractionally
spaced linear and decision-feedback detectors
for transmultiplexers. IEEE Trans. on Signal
Processing, Vol. 46, n° 4, pp. 996-1011, April
1998.
4J. LOUVEAUX, L. VANDENDORPE, L.
CUVELIER, T. POLLET. Bit-rate sensitivity of
filter-bank-based VDSL transmission to timing
errors. IEEE Trans. on Communications, Vol.
49, n° 2, pp. 375 -384, February 2001.
4J.
LOUVEAUX,
L.
CUVELIER,
L.
VANDENDORPE, T. POLLET. Baud rate timing
recovery scheme for filter-bank based
multicarrier transmission. IEEE Trans. on
Communications, Vol. 51, n° 4, pp. 652-663,
April 2003.
Nanotic 27
4J.
LOUVEAUX, L. VANDENDORPE, T.
SARTENAER. Cyclic prefixed single carrier and
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
multicarrier transmission : bit rate comparison.
detection estimation
multi-user systems
signal processing
spectrum management
turbo receivers
wired communications
IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 7, n° 4,
April 2003, pp. 180-182, 2003.
4J.
LOUVEAUX, L. VANDENDORPE, T.
SARTENAER. Early-late timing recovery with
decision-feedback
equalizers.
IEEE
Communications Letters, Vol. 7 n° 7, pp. 332334, July 2003.
4T.
SARTENAER, L. VANDENDORPE, J.
LOUVEAUX. Balanced capacity of wireline
multiuser channels. IEEE Transactions on
Communications, Volume 53, No 12, pp. 20292042, December 2005.
4X. WAUTELET, C. HERZET, A. DEJONGHE, J.
LOUVEAUX, L. VANDENDORPE. Comparison of
EM-based algorithms for MIMO channel
estimation. Accepted for publication in IEEE
Transactions on Communications, 2005.
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Luc VANDENDORPE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 12
Jérôme LOUVEAUX
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 00
WEB SITE
Patents
4L. VANDENDORPE, O. VAN DE WIEL,
Multiband detector, patent CN1224291, 1999.
4T. POLLET, L. VANDENDORPE, M. PEETERS,
L. CUVELIER, Method and arrangement to
determine a clock timing error in a multi-carrier
transmission
system,
US
patent
US200215007.
4P. ANTOINE, T. POLLET, F. DERYCK, L.
VANDENDORPE, P. GEERAERTS, Optimised bit
allocation adapted for VDSL, US patent
US2003130824, 2003.
Awards
4Siemens 2002 biennal award from the
belgian NSF (Information and Communications
technologies), J. Louveaux, F. Deryck, L.
Vandendorpe.
4Alcatel Bell 2005 award to T. Sartenaer and
J. Louveaux for the work on "Transmission
over powerline communications" directed by L.
Vandendorpe.
Partnership
4Stanford University, USA
4Delft Technical University
4Alcatel, Belgium
4Research Contracts
Region, IWT, Alcatel.
from
the
Walloon
Nanotic 27
C A T H O L I Q U E
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28.
Signal processing for positioning
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Luc VANDENDORPE
4Jérôme LOUVEAUX
4Christophe CRAEYE
Positioning is a fundamental functionality in
several systems. One extreme case is the
need to accurately position space probes like
Cassini, Mars express, etc which are sent to
the space for precise and long term missions.
Even if the distances in consideration are
huge, the accuracy requirements are very high.
At human scale there is, these days, a high
demand for person or objects positioning. The
positioning allows to recover persons in hazard
situations or in sensitive areas, to make
decisions, identify characters, writing, etc …
Positioning is also a new research direction to
extract information which can be used to
appropriately allocate resources in a
communication system.
•
UWB positioning in ad-hoc network
Ultra wide band is a transmission technique
which uses a wide bandwidth and has
therefore inherently a high positioning
capability (accuracy). Research is conducted
to design positioning systems from UWB
devices and signalling.
•
4System simulation tool
4Multiple-antenna demonstrators
Main Equipment
GHz).
4HP Signal generator (10 MHz BW), up to 2.4
GHz
4Electromagnetic simulators for antenna
design.
4Basic equipment for fabrication and testing
of antennas.
4Network analyzers (ELEC/EMIC) up to 110
GHz.
4Analog and digital systems for conversion to
baseband
Logistics, security and rescue systems
Radar technology is entering many non-military
applications,
like
road
traffic
control,
positioning of people for security reasons, as
well as rescue operations. Multiple antennas
systems
and
algorithms
are
being
particuliarized for these different civilian
applications.
•
implementation is crucial to the system
performance. Simulation tools have been
developed to model the system effect on the
position accuracy. As for the development of
antennas, wideband phased arrays are being
numerically analyzed, in cooperation with
several Astronomic institutes.
Deep space
astronomy
missions
and
radio
In the context of deep space missions,
positioning is achieved by means of different
techniques like VLBI, regenerative ranging,
delta, wide band ranging. The impact of the
4M. GUENACH, L. VANDENDORPE. Tracking
performance of DA and DD multiuser timing
synchronizers for short code DS-CDMA
systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications
(Special
issue
on
Synchronization in Digital Communications),
Vol. 19, n° 12, pp. 2452-2461, Dec. 2001.
4L. VANDENDORPE, J. LOUVEAUX and al.
Final report of ESOC contract. Number
17463/03/D/SW(SC).
4L. VANDENDORPE. Standard ESA ranging
compared to regenerative code ranging and
Nanotic 28
regenerative PN ranging performances. In
Tracking, Telemetry and Command Systems
for Space Applications, TTC, Darmstadt
(Germany), 7-9 september 2004.
R. MATEOS, C. CRAEYE. Wideband low-profile
antennas. Report of ESA/ESTEC contract
(Number 17576/03/NL/LvH), October 2005.
S. MUTHA, C. CRAEYE. A hardware and
software demonstrator for positioning in road
traffic control. Student training report,
December 2005.
C. CRAEYE, X. DARDENNE. A finite-by-infinite
array approach for the analysis of wideband
phased arrays. IEEE Transactions on Antennas
and propagation, to appear in February 2006.
Partnership
4RHEA System sa, Belgium
4BAE, UK
4ICOMS, Belgium
4NRAO, USA
4DRAO, Canada
4ASTRON, Netherlands
4Thalès Communications, France
4Multitel, Belgium
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
deep space ranging
estimation
security and rescue
signal processing
spread spectrum
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Luc VANDENDORPE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 12
Jérôme LOUVEAUX
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 00
Christophe CRAEYE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 11
WEB SITE
4Research contracts from ESOC
Nanotic 28
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P R O G R A M M E
Satellite communications
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Claude OESTGES
4Models of turbulent atmosphere
Olympus experiment databanks at 12.5, 20
and 30 GHz (including scintillation and
depolarization data).
The team has been maintaining for 15 years a
well-established
position
in
modelling
tropospheric scintillation on earth-satellite links.
Emphasis is on the analysis and modelling of
the random amplitude variations of microwave
signals based on ESA's satellite Olympus
beacon measurements. A statistical method
using radiosonde data has been developed for
predicting scintillation effects on slant paths.
4Rain and ice depolarization modeling
The focus is on electromagnetic modeling of
rain and ice depolarization, and on comparison
with measured time series and long-term
statistics.
4Link performance prediction for the
land mobile satellite (LMS) channel
A variety of specific prediction methods for
personal satellite communication networks
have been applied, starting from a physical
description of tropospheric and surface
environmental mechanisms.
4Design of dynamic system strategies
against propagation impairments
Simulations
using
measurements
from
Olympus satellite allow to assess the efficiency
of rain and scintillation fade compensation
techniques in the context of a generic Ka-band
service. Other results describe the correlated
influence of satellite motion and propagation
factors on fade mitigation, handoff procedures
and satellite diversity.
4H. VASSEUR. Prediction of tropospheric
scintillation on satellite links from radiosonde
data. IEEE Trans. Ant. Propag., vol. 47, No. 2,
pp. 293-301, February 1999.
4C. AMAYA, D. VANHOENACKER-JANVIER.
Estimation of the effective ice content on earsatellite
paths
from
dual-polarization
measurements at Ka-band. IEE Proc.-Microw.
Antenn. Propagat., vol. 147, No. 4, pp. 315319, August 2000.
4H. VASSEUR. Degradation of availability
performance
in
dual-polarized
satellite
communications systems. IEEE Trans. Comm.,
vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 465-472, March 2000.
4D. MERTENS, L. CASTANET. Performance
simulation of an adaptive control scheme for
scintillation fade compensation in a generic Kaband VSAT videoconferencing system. 6th Ka
Band Utilization Conference (Cleveland, OH,
USA), pp. 189-196, 2000.
4C.
OESTGES,
X.
VANHOENACKER-JANVIER.
MAUFROID,
D.
Performance
simulation of a Ka band multimedia LEO
satellite system. 6th Ka Band Utilization
Conference (Cleveland, OH, USA), pp. 605612, 2000.
4D. MERTENS, D. VANHOENACKER-JANVIER.
Instantaneous frequency scaling ratio statistics
for scintillation during rain. Electronics Letters,
Vol. 36, No. 16, pp. 1424-1425, 2000.
4D. MERTENS, D. VANHOENACKER-JANVIER.
Rain fade dependence model of long-term
Nanotic 29
scintillation amplitude distribution at 12.5 GHz.
Electronics Letters, Vol. 37, No. 10, pp. 657658, 2001.
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
4C. OESTGES, D. VANHOENACKER-JANVIER.
Coverage modeling of high-altitude platforms
communication systems. Electronics Letters,
vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 119-121, January 2001.
depolarization
electromagnetics
fade mitigation
olympus
satellite communications
scintillation
4B. CLERCKX, D. MERTENS, C. OESTGES, D.
VANHOENACKER-JANVIER.
Application
of
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
closed-loop fade mitigation techniques to
interactive satellite networks at Ka band. 19th
International
Communications
Satellite
Systems Conference, ICSSC-19 (Toulouse,
France), Vol. 3, April 2001.
4D. VANHOENACKER-JANVIER, C.J. GIBBINS,
C.J. WALDEN, C.L. WRENCH, S. VENTOURAS, J.
SPIEGEL, C. OESTGES, D. MERTENS, A.
MARTELLUCCI. Characterisation and modeling
of propagation effects in 20-50 GHz band.
URSI General Assembly, New-Delhi, October
2005.
Claude OESTGES
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 89 98
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 04
WEB SITES
http://www.cost280.rl.ac.uk
Awards
IEE Marconi Premium Award (C. Oestges and
D. Vanhoenacker-Janvier), 1999-2000.
Partnership
Partnerships with :
4Politecnico de Milano (Prof. A. Paraboni,
Prof. C. Riva) , Italy.
4ONERA-CERT (Dr. J. Lemorton, Dr L.
Castanet) , France.
4Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Dr. C.J.
Walden) , UK.
4Ubiquity SA, Belgium
Participation in :
4COST 255 and 280 Actions
Research Contracts from ESA
Nanotic 29
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
L O U V A I N
–
N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
30.
Cryptography
SENIOR SCIENTIST :
4Jean-Jacques QUISQUATER
4Secure Image technology for the Digital
Cinema market.
The UCL Crypto Group gathers some twenty
researchers with backgrounds from
microelectronics, telecommunica-tions,
computer science and mathematics. This wide
diversity of knowledge allowed the group to
develop a strong expertise in cryptography but
also in its applications to various security
related issues, including physical attacks and
countermeasures on hardware devices like
smart-cards or FPGAs, efficient implementation
of cryptosystems, design and analysis of block
ciphers and public key cryptosystems, elliptic
curve and identity based cryptography, formal
foundations of cryptography, zero-knowledge
identification schemes, digital right
management, watermarking, spam analysis,
Main Equipment
Through strong commitment to academic
research (more than 120 international
publications since 2000) and its numerous
collaborations with industrial partners, the UCL
Crypto Group is intensively involved in the
evolution of security technology, including the
design of the next generation of smart-cards,
sensor swarm security, digital cinema, ...
The UCL Crypto Group also gave rise to
several spin-offs: Octalis (2000), K2Crypt
(2003) and IntoPix S.A. (expected 2006).
4Cryptosystems and security infrastructure
evaluation.
4Security evaluation of integrated circuit
against tampering and eavesdropping (sidechannel power and electromagnetic attack).
4Expertise on high throughput and
low-cost implementation of processors for
asymmetric and symmetric cryptography.
4Cryptographic key length recommendation
website: http://www.keylength.com
Oscilloscope, PCI 1GHz measurement card
(PDA1000), different probes.
4J. CATHALO, F. KOEUNE, J.J. QUISQUATER. A
new type of timing attack: Application to GPS.
Proceedings of the Fifth International
Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and
Embedded Systems (CHES 2003), Springer,
pp. 291-303, 2003.
4N. ABOUDAGGA, D. GIRY. Wireless security
design overview. Proceedings of the Twentyfifth Symposium on Information Theory in the
Benelux, pp. 153-160, 2004.
4G. MEURICE DE DORMALE, P. BULENS, J.J.
QUISQUATER.
Efficient modular division
implementation - ECC over GF(p) affine
coordinates application. Proceedings of the
14th International Conference on Field
Programmable Logic and Applications − FPL
2004, Springer, pp. 231-240, 2004.
PEETERS, M. NEVE, M. CIET. XTR
Implementation on Reconfigurable Hardware.
Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded
Systems, proceedings of CHES 2004, 6th
International Workshop, pp. 386-399, 2004.
4E.
4E.
PEETERS,
DONCKERS, J.J.
F.X.
STANDAERT,
N.
QUISQUATER. Improved
Higher-Order Side-Channel Attacks with FPGA
Experiments. Cryptographic Hardware and
Embedded Systems, proceedings of CHES
2005, 7th International Workshop, pp. 309-323,
2005.
BARRETO,
B.
LIBERT,
N.
4P.S.L.M.
MCCULLAGH and J.J. QUISQUATER. Efficient
and provably-secure identity-based signatures
and signcryption from bilinear maps. In
Nanotic 30
Advances in Cryptology-ASIACRYPT
Springer, 2005.
2005,
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
Patents
block ciphers
cryptographic protocols (design, formal
analysis)
cryptosystems (elliptic curves, identity
based)
digital right management
foundations of cryptography
fpga (implementations)
number theory
public key cryptography
security
side channel analysis
smart card
17 patents in the field of security and smartcards.
SENIOR SCIENTIST
4D. GIRY, M. NÈVE. SPAM: eMail address
protection study. Proceedings of SKLOIS
Conference on Information Security and
Cryptology − CISC 2005, Springer, to appear.
4O. PEREIRA, J.J. QUISQUATER. Generic
insecurity of cliques-type authenticated group
key agreement protocols. Journal of Computer
Security, IOSPress, to appear, 2006.
Awards
J.J. Quisquater :
2001 : Belgian Francqui Chair
2001 : Montefiore Award
2003 : Docteur honoris causa of University of
Limoges
2004 : IFIP TC-11 Kristian Beckman Award
2004 : Pierre de Fermat Chair from the MidiPyrénées region
2004 : Research Director of CNRS
Partnership
Jean-Jacques QUISQUATER
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 45 25 41
WEB SITES
http://www.dice.ucl.ac.be/crypto
http://www.ecrypt.eu.org
http://www.keylength.com
Spin-offs:
http://www.intopix...com
http://www.k2crypt.com
http://www.octalis.com
4Member of the ECRYPT European Network
of Excellence in Cryptology and of the
NANOTIC Walloon research center.
4Academia :
École Normale Supérieure.
Columbia University, Laas CNRS, INRIA,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
University College Cork, University of Twente.
4Industry :
Axalto, France Telecom R&D, Gemplus SA,
IBM Research, Infineon, Intel, Multitel,
Oberthur Card Systems, ST Microelectronics,
XDC.
4Current Projects :
European IST: Inspired, Scard − Walloon
Region: Alis, Cops, Effects, Milos − Belgium's
French Community: ARC-Cryptomark
Nanotic 30
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
L O U V A I N
–
N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
31.
Wireless autonomous smart sensor networks
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Denis FLANDRE
4Jean-Pierre RASKIN
4Christophe CRAEYE
4Luc VANDENDORPE
A new domain fastly emerges from the general
and continuous trend to incorporate ever more
electronic functions in any system, from cars
and planes to biomedical or consumer
products. This new domain is more loosely
defined by the inclusive association of such
often-heard
catchphrases
as
"pervasive/ubiquitous computing”, "things that
think", "smartifacts", “ambient intelligence",
“disappearing computers”… It is then best
characterized by a stronger and richer coupling
between the physical world and the
information/communication world. This trend
will be characterized by the deployment of a
wide diversity of networks of autonomous
microsystems, combining integrated sensors of
electrical, physical, mechanical, chemical or
biological data, with signal processing and
wireless
communication
electronics.
Considering the immense application reservoir,
sensor networks are under considerable
interest and expansion in the R&D and
industrial communities.
The main challenge in this R&D orientation is
not so much the individual device in itself, for
which extreme performances are generally not
required, but it much more lies in the full
system miniaturization, from energy sources to
antennas, which today is limited by the board
level assembly in particular. The new research
directions therefore evolve from pure MOS
transistor scaling to the incorporation of new
MEMS,
energy
functions
(sensors,
scavenging…) on the silicon chips, in addition
to the MOS circuitry. With these regards, SOI
technology
has
already
demonstrated
promising compatibility and performance
properties for the co-integration of such new
functions with high-quality MOS circuits, at the
wafer level. The SOI substrates indeed
intrinsically allow to combine all its well-known
circuit advantages, of huge interest for the
targeted
applications
(i.e.
micropower
consumption, harsh environment resistance,
RF operation…), with high-performance
sensors and MEMS free of the parasitics due to
the bulk Si substrate or to off-chip connections.
The UCL group dedicated to foster “innovation
in wireless sensors networks” gathers three
laboratories of the Electricity department of
Applied Sciences Faculty, i.e. Microelectronics,
Telecommunications and Microwaves.
Design,
simulation,
fabrication
and
characterization
of
integrated
sensors,
MEMS/NEMS,
electronic
circuits
and
communication systems.
Main Equipment
facilities (400 m2) in Wallonia with all key
technologies required for micro/nano-systems
and micro/nano-electronics fabrication.
4Simulation and programming platforms
(ADS, FPGA, DSP…)
4Electrical,
mechanical
and
physical
characterization tools
4D. FLANDRE & al. Intelligent SOI CMOS
Integrated
Circuits
and
Sensors
for
Heterogeneous
Environments
and
Applications. IEEE Sensors Conf., Orlando,
USA, invited paper, June 2002.
4F. HORLIN, L. VANDENDORPE. CA-CDMA:
channel-adapted CDMA for MAI/ISI-free burst
transmission.
Communications,
IEEE
Transactions on , Volume: 51 Issue: 2, pp 275
–283, Feb 2003.
Nanotic 31
4C.
CRAEYE,
A.G.
TIJHUIS,
D.H.
SCHAUBERT. An efficient MoM formulation for
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
finite-by-infinite arrays of two-dimensional
antennas arranged in a three-dimensional
structure., IEEE Trans, AP, 2003.
characterization
communication
electromagnetics
MEMS
microelectronics
microfabrication
networks
4B. CLERCKX, L. VANDENDORPE, D.
C.
OESTGES.
Optimization of nonlinear signal constellations
for real-world MIMO channels. IEEE Trans. on
Signal Processing, vol. 52, n°4, pp. 894-902,
2004.
4D. FLANDRE, J. LACONTE, D. LEVACQ, A.
AFZALIAN, B. RUE, C. RENAUX, F. IKER, B.
OLBRECHTS, N. ANDRÉ, J.P. RASKIN. SOI
technology for single-chip harsh environment
Microsystems. CANEUS 2004, Conference on
Micro-Nano-Technologies
for
Aerospace
Applications, Monterey, California, USA, 1, pp.
157-169, 5 November 2004.
4C. CRAEYE, B. PARVAIS, X. DARDENNE. MoM
simulation of Signal-to-noise patterns in infinite
and finite receiving antenna arrays. IEEE
Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, vol.
52, pp. 3245-3256, December 2005.
Awards
4CEN-SCK Prof. Roger Van Geen 1999 Prize,
for original and innovative contribution in
nuclear science instrumentation.
4 2nd Best Student Paper, IEEE Sensors 2004
4« Best VHDL-AMS Project » awarded by the
BEAMS network at the FDL conference (Lille,
France), 2004.
Partnership
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Christophe CRAEYE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 11
Denis FLANDRE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 81 35
Jean-Pierre RASKIN
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 09
Luc VANDENDORPE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 12
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 23 04
WEB SITES
http://www.dice.ucl.ac.b/cleanrooms/cleanroom
.htm
(for micro/nano-fabrication facilities)
4Laboratoire Européen Associé with IEMN,
Lille, France.
4Partner
of
Network
of
Excellence,
METAMORPHOSE, MetaMaterials Organized
for radio, millimeter wave and Photonic
Superlattice Engineering.
Nanotic 12
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
L O U V A I N
–
N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
32.
Analysis of signals generated by micro-arrays
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Jean-Luc GALA
4Benoit MACQ
4Annie ROBERT
Research field and subjects
The evolution of the knowledge in the genomic
field favoured the development of new
technologies. Among these technologies, the
use of DNA micro-arrays (high and low
densities) is of growing importance. Indeed
these arrays allow to characterise gene
profiling, or to decipher the genetic map of
healthy and pathologic tissues (cancer,
inflammation,
intoxications,…).
Special
attention has to be paid regarding samples
acquisition for array analysis, especially the
pre-analytic procedure. Recent publications
have rightfully pointed out that problems of
inter-platform and inter-operator variability,
largely due to the lack of standardisation and
quality control of this critical steps.
Furthermore, the lack of reliable references
slows down the development of this technology
for clinical purposes.
To assess the validity of the method, our
research focuses on the analysis of the panel
of successive signals generated by microarrays (from hybridization of the target of
interest to the end result appearing on the
computer screen) and the clinical relevance of
such signal variations in a multidsciplinary
research
team
including
engineers,
biostatisticians, clinicians, and scientist. A
strategy of normalisation and validation based
on statistics assessment of the signal
variations will also be defined in order to
compare the results provided by different
platforms, to improve the maps of reference for
cancerous tissues, and to discover biologically
relevant highlighters.
preclinical, and discovery research considering
that sophisticated and costly analytical
procedures can not be afforded by every
clinical or research laboratory with a low scale
activity (i.e., dealing with a number of samples
per day, per week, or per month). This
emerging technology requires indeed a high
degree of expertise and expensive equipments.
Our core facility will provide all the expertise
required for the tests and will carry them out.
The type of samples and the choice of array
will be discussed with each project leader and
results provided. On this purpose, industrial
contacts and support include Eppendorf Array
Technologies (for low density microchips) and
Affimetrix (for high density microchips).
Main Equipment
detection
(Scanner
Array
Worx,
Applied Precision), 1 scanner Genepix Axon
4200 autoloader AL (DIPSI), (colorimetric and
Techne HB-1D ;
detection
construction
Representative references
Products and services
4I. ALEXANDRE, S. HAMELS, S. DUFOUR, J.
COLLET, N. ZAMMATTEO, F. DE LONGUEVILLE,
J.L. GALA, J. REMACLE. Colorimetric silver
We intend to provide quality controlled results
based on the use of arrays of various density
within the setting of a core facility. This intends
to provide a technical platform for clinical,
4S. HAMELS, J.L. GALA, S. DUFOUR, P.
VANNUFFEL, N. ZAMMATEO, J. REMACLE.
detection of DNA Microarrays. Analytical
Biochemistry, 2001, 295: 1-8.
Nanotic 32
Consensus PCR and microarray for diagnosis
of the genus Staphylococcus, species, and
methicillin resistance. Biotechniques 2001, 31;
31 : 1364-1366,1368,1370-1372.
setting of the Marshall plan and the Biowin
pole of competitiveness.
4I. ALEXANDRE, Y. HOUBION, J. COLLET, S.
HAMELS, J. DEMARTEAU, J.L. GALA, J.
REMACLE. Compact disc with both numeric
and genomic information as DNA microarray
platform. Biotechniques; 2002, 33 :435-436,
438-439.
KEYWORDS
4N.
ZAMMATEO,
S.
HAMELS,
F.
DE
LONGUEVILLE, I. ALEXANDRE, J.L. GALA, F.
BRASSEUR, J. REMACLE. New chips for
molecular biology and diagnostics. Tome
Volume 8, 85-101. Biotechnology Annual
Review - M. Raafat El-Gewely, Ed. - Elsevier
2002.
4F.
LECOUVET,
L.M.
IRENGE,
B.
VANDERCAM, A. NZEUSSEU, S. HAMELS,
J.L. GALA. The etiologic diagnosis of infectious
discitis is improved by amplification-based
DNA analysis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2004, 9:
2985-94.
4M. LOUIS, A.-F. DEKAIRELLE, J.L. GALA.
Combined rapid genotyping of factor V,
prothrombin and methylene-tetrahydrofolate
reductase single nucleotide polymorphisms
using
minor
groove
binding
DNA
oligonucleotides (MGB probes) and real-time
polymerase chain reaction. Clinical Chemistry
and Laboratory Medicine, 2004, 42 1364-1369.
4N. TAJEDDINE, J.L. GALA, M. LOUIS, B.
TOMBAL, PH. GAILLY. Overexpression of the
micro-array low density & high density
pharmacogenetics
pharmacogenomics
signal processing
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Jean-Luc GALA
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)2 764 31 65
Benoit MACQ
[email protected]
Tel.32 (0)10 47 22 71
Annie ROBERT
[email protected]
Tel.32 (0)2 764 33 21
WEB SITE
http://www.ctma.be
tumor associated antigen PRAME induces
caspase-independent cell death in vitro and
reduces tumorigenicity in vivo. Cancer
Reseach, 2005, 65: 7348-55.
Partnership
During the last 4 years, a spectrum of
academic, medical and industrial partnerships
has been developed to initiate strong and
interactive connections, and this is expected to
be extended in the near few months. The
industrial
partners
include
Eurogentec,
Eppendorf Array Technologies, Multitel, and
the first spin-off Thedibac (Thedibac has
recently been launched to develop the quality
control procedure of samples processing and
results validation).
A large consortium, based on a wide spectrum
of integrated expertise, has been built up in the
Nanotic 32
C A T H O L I Q U E
D E
L O U V A I N
–
N A N O T I C
P R O G R A M M E
33.
Molecular imaging for radiotherapy
SENIOR SCIENTISTS :
4Benoît MACQ
4Vincent GREGOIRE
Cancer is nowadays the second cause of
mortality in Western Europe and its incidence
could be raised by about 33 percent around
2020. Among the various therapeutic options,
radiotherapy has been the most frequently
used. About 50% of patients suffering from
cancer undergo radiotherapy during their
treatment. This treatment option is one of the
most efficient with surgical tumor ablation.
MedicalStudio : open source graphical
platform
for
visualization
and
segmentation/registration of medical images.
Radiotherapy planning is a time consuming
task requiring to define accurately the tumor
contours and its anatomical localization.
Several imaging modalities can emphasize
different biological pathways of the tumor. For
instance, dynamic PET images show how a
contract product is captured over time in the
tumor area. The time dimension can be used
to differentiate malignant from inflammatory
tissues.
At the Communications and Remote Sensing
laboratory, an important research effort has
been dedicated to the development of
automatic segmentation and registration of
multi-modal images for radiotherapy planning.
The software we develop is integrated in the
Medical Studio platform for evaluation by
clinicians. The following applications are
currently available :
Articulated registration methods for
compensating different patient positions. The
algorithm automatically track the vertebra
positions in both images and propagate the
transformation by use of a linear elastic
regularization.
Atlas to patient non-rigid registration using
mutual information. This algorithm optimizes
the parameters of a B-spline deformation
model for aligning an atlas to a patient. Finite
Element tracking of brain deformations over
surgery.
Statistical Atlas construction. This software
projects a collection of patients on a common
reference coordinate system obtained by the
EM algorithm.
4M. FERRANT, S. WARFIELD, B. MACQ and F.
JOLESZ. Registration of 3D interoperative MR
images of the brain using a finite element
biomechanical model. IEEE Transactions on
Medical Imaging, vol. 20, pp. 1384-1397,
2001.
4M. FERRANT, A. NABAVI, B. MACQ , R.
KIKINIS and S. WARFIELD. Registration of 3D
intraoperative MR images of the brain using a
finite element biomechanical model. IEEE
Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 20, n°
12, pp. 1384-1397, Dec. 2001.
4P.F. D'HAESE, A. DU BOIS D'AISCHE, B.
and
B.
DAWANT.
Automatic
MACQ
segmentation of brain structures for radiation
therapy planning. SPIE Medical Image
Processing, San Diego, USA, Feb. 15-20,
2003.
4M. DE CRAENE, A. DU BOIS D'AISCHE, B.
MACQ and S.K. WARFIELD. Multi-subject
Registration for Unbiased Statistical Atlas
Construction. Medical Imaging Conference on
Computed
and
Assisted
Intervention
(MICCAI), 3216, 655-662, 2004.
4P.F. D'HAESE, K. NIERMANN, A. CMELAK, V.
DUAY, R. LI and B. DAWANT. Atlas-based spine
segmentation for radiotherapy planning.
ASTRO American soc. of therapeutic radiology
and oncology Salt Lake City, 2004.
MACQ, S. HAKER and S.K. WARFIELD. MultiModal Non-Rigid Registration Using A
Stochastic
Gradient
Approximation.
International Symposium on Biomedical
Imaging, IEEE, 1459-1462, 2004.
Nanotic 33
4A. DU BOIS D’AISCHE, M. DE CRAENE, X.
GEETS, V. GREGOIRE, B. MACQ and S.
WARFIELD. Efficient multi-modal dense field
non-rigid registration : alignment of
histological and section images. Medical
Image Analysis, ITK special issue, 2004.
MACQ and S.K. WARFIELD. Multi-subject
variational
registration
for
probabilistic
unbiased atlas generation. IEEE International
conference on image processing, Genova,
Sept. 2005.
4A. DU BOIS D'AISCHE, M. DE CRAENE, B.
MACQ and S.K. WARFIELD. An Articulated
Registration Method. IEEE Int. Conference On
Image Processing, Genoa, Sept. 2005.
4K. NIERMANN AND P.F. D'HAESE. Fully
Automated Intracranial Contouring for Brain
Cancer Patients: Treatment Plan Validation.
ASTRO, 2005.
Partnership
KEY WORDS FOR R&D
atlas construction
radiotherapy
registration
segmentation
SENIOR SCIENTISTS
Benoît MACQ
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)10 47 22 71
Vincent GRÉGOIRE
[email protected]
Tel. 32 (0)2 764 94 43
WEB SITES
htpp://www.tele.ucl.ac.be
http://www.medicalstudio.org
Maastro Clinics Maastricht, Netherlands
Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, USA
Nanotic 33

2007 NANOTIC Walloon Programme of Excellence at UCL

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