Conference brochure, Iasi, July 5
Transcrição
Conference brochure, Iasi, July 5
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM “Mobility in Research on the Black Sea Region (PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0054 and PN-II-ID-PCE2012-4-0490 to H2020)” Organized in the context of the research projects: External Relations of the Pontic Greek Cities in Hellenistic and Roman Times: a Multidisciplinary Approach The „Other” in Action. The Barbarization of Rome and the Romanization of the World Amici Populi Romani In collaboration with German Cultural Centre Iaşi Iaşi, July 5-10, 2015 International Symposium supported by the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project numbers PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0054 and PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0490 2 PROGRAMME Sunday, July 5 Arrival of the participants from outside Iaşi. Check-in at the hotel “Astoria City Center”, 1 Lăpuşneanu Street (From 12:00 on). Monday, July 6 900 – 930 Registration of the participants (Academy of Science Iaşi, Bd. Carol I, nr. 8) 930 – 1000 Opening words 1000 – 1700 Plenary Panel 1: Results and Perspectives of the Research Projects *Papers should be no longer than 30 minutes followed by up to 10 minutes for questions and discussion 1000 – 1040 1040 – 1120 1120 – 1140 Chair: Prof. univ. dr. ing. Mihail Voicu, m.c., President of the Iaşi Branch of the Romanian Academy Dr. Victor Cojocaru (Archäologisches Institut, Iaşi), PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0054: Ergebnisse und Perspektiven Dr. Alexander Rubel (Archäologisches Institut, Iaşi), Überlegungen zum Barbarenbegriff der Römer Coffee Break 3 1140 – 1220 1220 – 1300 1300 – 1340 1400 – 1500 1500 – 1540 1540 – 1620 1620 – 1700 Chairs: Mădălina Dana, Johannes Nollé Dr. Florina Panait Bîrzescu & Dr. Iulian Bîrzescu (Archäologisches Institut „Vasile Pârvan”, Bukarest), Umdeutungen griechischer Kultbilder in den antiken Städten des Schwarzmeergebietes Dr. Sever-Petru Boţan & Dr. Costel Chiriac (Institute of Archaeology, Iaşi), State of the Art and Prospective Research Directions on Hellenistic and Roman Glass from the Pontus Euxinus Dr. Livia Buzoianu (Musée d’Histoire Nationale et d’Archéologie, Constanţa), Les relations économiques de Callatis à l’époque hellénistique basées sur les découvertes de timbres amphoriques Lunch Break Chairs: Johannes Nollé, Mădălina Dana Dr. Ligia Ruscu (Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj), Greeks, Romans and Natives in Poleis of Thrace and Pontus Dr. Florian Matei-Popescu (Vasile Pârvan Institute of Archaeology, Bucharest), The Thracian strategiae in Scythia Minor Dr. Lucian Munteanu (Institute of Archaeology, Iaşi), Numismatic and Sphragistic Research in the Western Pontic Area 1700 – 1900 Visit of the city. 1930 Networking dinner at the restaurant “Panoramic” (Hotel Unirea, Str. Piața Unirii Nr. 5). 4 Tuesday, July 7 900 – 1330 9 –9 00 40 940 – 1020 1020 – 1100 1100 – 1130 1130 – 1210 1210 – 1250 Plenary Panel 2: Research Projects on the Black Sea Area and Propontis Region in Greek Time Chairs: Claire Barat, Tassilo Schmitt Dr. Mădălina Dana (Université Paris 1 PanthéonSorbonne), Écriture, échanges et contacts dans les sociétés grecques anciennes: la correspondance privée sur plomb et sur tesson, du VIe au IIIe s. av. J.-C. Dr. Alexey V. Belousov (Lomonosov Moscow State University), Greek Magic in the Northern Black Sea Region: A Survey of Olbian and Bosporan defixionum tabellae Prof. Dr. Johannes Nollé (DAI Munich) & Dr. Marta Oller Guzmán (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Foreigners and the Foreign in Black Sea Area Epigrams. Towards a Corpus of the Epigrams of the Black Sea Region Coffee Break Chairs: Askold Ivantchik, Alexandru Avram Dr. Igor Makarov (Centre for Comparative Studies on Ancient Civilizations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow), Some Aspects of Northern Black Sea Epigraphy: The Greek Inscriptions from "Neapolis Scythica" Prof. Dr. Mustafa H. Sayar (Universität Istanbul), Die Beziehungen der griechischen Poleis des PropontisGebiets zu den westpontischen griechischen Städten 5 1250 – 1330 Thibaut Castelli, Doctorant en Histoire Ancienne (Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense), La navigation commerciale dans l'Ouest de la mer Noire aux époques classique et hellénistique 1330 – 1500 Lunch Break 1500 – 1930 Plenary Panel 3: Research Projects on the Black Sea Area and Propontis Region in Roman Time 15 – 15 00 40 1540 – 1620 1620 – 1700 1700 – 1730 17 – 18 30 10 Chairs: Michael A. Speidel, Florian Matei-Popescu Prof. Dr. Altay Coşkun (University of Waterloo ON), Heinz Heinen und die Bosporanischen Könige – Eine Projektbeschreibung (Heinz Heinen and the Bosporan Kings – a Project Outline) Prof. Dr. Lucreţiu Mihailescu-Bîrliba (Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi), The Dynamics of Colonization in the Civilian and Military Milieu of the Roman Province Moesia Inferior. A Contrastive Approach Dr. Lavinia Grumeza & Dr. Vitalie Bârcă (Institute of Archaeology and History of Art of Cluj), Orbis Romanus and Barbaricum – The Sarmatians around the Province of Dacia and Their Relations with the Roman Empire Coffee Break Chairs: Livia Buzoianu, Ligia Ruscu Prof. Dr. Askold Ivantchik (Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow / Institute Ausonius, CNRS, Bordeaux), A New 6 1810 – 1850 1850 – 1930 2000 Dedication from Olbia and the Problem of the City’s Reconstruction after the Raid by Burebista Dr. Maria Alexandrescu-Vianu (L’Institut d’archéologie «Vasile Pârvan», Bucarest), Les principes qui gouvernent le programme iconographique du Mausolée de Tropaeum Traiani Prof. Dr. Michael A. Speidel (Universities of Zürich and Bern), Maximinus and the Thracians Reception hosted by the German Cultural Center Iaşi (Str. Lascăr Catargi Nr. 38). Wednesday, July 8 930 – 1900 Workshop „H2020”: In Search of the Pontic Community/Identity in Greek, Roman and Byzantine Times *Papers should be no longer than 20 minutes followed by up to 10 minutes for questions and discussion 930 – 1100 I.1. Conceptualization of Community/Identity by the Greeks, Romans and ‘Barbarians’ 9 – 10 30 00 1000 – 1030 Chairs: Iulian Bîrzescu, Alexander Rubel Dr. Alexander Baumgarten (L’Université «BabeşBolyai» de Cluj), Le concept de σχολή et l’unité du thème dans la Politique d’Aristote Dr. Anna Ginestí Rosell (Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt), Fremde Klänge, fremde Bilder? Selbstdarstellung in den Grabmälern der Ausländer in Athen 7 1030 – 1100 Prof. Dr. Adrian Poruciuc (Institute of Archaeology, Iaşi), Bastarnae and Other ‘Bastards’ – Visions of ‘Others’ as Reflected in Nicknames and Loans 1100 – 1130 Coffee Break 1130 – 1300 I.2. In Search of the Pontic Community/Identity in Greek and Roman Times 11 – 12 30 00 1200 – 1230 1230 – 1300 Chairs: Mustafa H. Sayar, Adrian Poruciuc Dr. Johanna Leithoff (Universität Erfurt), Der Schwarzmeerraum in der Raumwahrnehmung der Griechen Prof. Dr. Tassilo Schmitt (Universität Bremen), (Nicht nur philologische) Leckerbissen. Über den Fasan und seine kulturgeschichtliche Bedeutung für das Verständnis der Kolchis Dr. Claire Barat (University of Valenciennes and Hainaut-Cambresis), The Inhabitants of Sinope between Greek Identity and Roman Power 1330 – 1500 Lunch Break 1500 – 1630 I.3. In Search of the Pontic Community/Identity in Roman and Byzantine Times 15 – 15 00 30 1530 – 1600 Chairs: Bogdan Maleon, Gabriel Custurea Prof. Dr. Octavian Bounegru (L’Université «Alexandru Ioan Cuza» de Iași), La basilique épiscopale d’Histria. Répartition de l’espace sacré Dr. Dan Ruscu (Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj), The Black Sea in Early Christian Literature 8 1600 – 1630 Dr. Sergei Bocharov (Kazan Federal University), Byzantium and the Northern Black Sea Region during the 13th Century 1630 – 1700 Coffee Break 1700 – 1900 I.4. Institutional Perspectives on the Project ”In Search of the Pontic Community” 17 – 17 00 40 1740 – 1750 1750 – 1810 1810 – 1830 1830 – 1850 Chairs: Constantin Chera, Flavius Solomon Dr. Diana Stah (Tiraspol State University, Chişinău), Social Sciences and Humanities in Horizon 2020 Romanian Academy, Iaşi Branch (Dr. Victor Cojocaru, Dr. Diana Stah, Dr. George Bilavschi). Museum of National History and Archaeology Constanţa (Dr. Gabriel Custurea, Dr. Irina Nastasi, Dr. Gabriel Talmaţchi) University of Istanbul & TU Istanbul (Prof. Dr. Mustafa H. Sayar, Prof. Dr. Yegan Kahya-Sayar) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Dr. Marta Oller Guzmán). 1850 – 1900 Some final remarks. 1930 Networking dinner at the restaurant “Oscar” (Str. Lascăr Catargi Nr.12). Thursday, 9 July: Trip to Bucovina 830 Departure from the Hotel Friday, 10 July: Departure 9 Organizing Committee: Victor Cojocaru (Institute of Archaeology Iaşi of the Romanian Academy; mobile [004] 0741 360324) Alexander Rubel (Institute of Archaeology Iaşi of the Romanian Academy) Altay Coşkun (University of Waterloo ON) Mădălina Dana (University Paris 1-Panthéon Sorbonne) Costel Chiriac (Institute of Archaeology Iaşi of the Romanian Academy) George Bilavschi (Institute of Archaeology Iaşi of the Romanian Academy; mobile [004] 0756021689) Diana Stah (Tiraspol State University, Chişinău) Meda Gâlea (Romanian Academy, Iaşi Branch) Conference Secretarial Office Sever-Petru Boţan (Institute of Archaeology Iaşi of the Romanian Academy; mobile [004] 0742 084677) Roxana-Gabriela Curcă (Institute of Archaeology Iaşi of the Romanian Academy; mobile [004] 0726636518) Iulia Dumitrache (Institute of Archaeology Iaşi of the Romanian Academy) Lucian Munteanu (Institute of Archaeology Iaşi of the Romanian Academy); mobile [004] 0745464128 10 ABSTRACTS 11 12 PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0054: Ergebnisse und Perspektiven Victor Cojocaru (Archäologisches Institut, Iaşi) Im Juni 2011 sprach der Autor in der Aula Magna der Akademie in Iaşi über die Außenbeziehungen pontischer Städte in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit als Vorentwurf eines Forschungsprojekts (www.ponticgreekcities.ro). Während er damals seine Ideen fast ausschließlich als Perspektiven formulierte, wird er nun in der Lage sein, Ergebnisse zu präsentieren. Als Leiter dieses Projektes war er besonders daran interessiert, ein Netzwerk rumänischer Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler zu bilden und die Kontakte zu internationalen Kooperationspartnern zu intensivieren. Unter den bisher erzielten Ergebnissen seien hier nur die wichtigsten erwähnt: 1) Die Begründung einer neuen Reihe „Pontica et Mediterranea”, deren erste vier Bände inzwischen erschienen sind; 2) Die Organisation von je zwei nationalen und internationalen Netzwerktagungen, in Iaşi, Bukarest und Constanţa, zum Thema „Poleis im Schwarzmeerraum“ (Außenbeziehungen, Interconnectivity, Mobility in Research u.a.); 3) Die Veröffentlichung des Sammelbandes 13 „Die Außenbeziehungen pontischer und kleinasiatischer Städte in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit”. Was die weiteren Perspektiven angeht, stellt der Autor bei dieser Gelegenheit Überlegungen an, inwieweit Forschungen zum Schwarzmeerraum der Antike noch in die nationale und europäische Forschungslandschaft passen. Mit anderen Worten: Brauchen Rumänien und die Europäische Union noch die klassischen Altertumswissenschaften (Alte Geschichte, Epigraphik, Numismatik, klassische Archäologie usw.), oder ist die derzeitige Konsumgesellschaft nur noch an „Schamanen“ interessiert? 14 Überlegungen zum Barbarenbegriff der Römer Alexander Rubel (Archäologisches Institut, Iaşi) „Barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intelligor illis“ bemerkt der verbitterte Ovid in seinem Exil in Tomis (Constanza im heutigen Rumänien). Diese ironische Selbstzuweisung des Dichters in der Fremde – „lost in translation“ – verweist indirekt auf ein grundlegendes Problem, das die Römer mit dem eigentlich griechischen Konzept „Barbar“ hatten: Sie waren immer unsicher, ob sie nicht selbst eigentlich zu den Barbaren zählen. Darüber hinaus passt auch ihr Bürgerrechtsbegriff und die verbreitete Freilassungspolitik nicht zu dem exklusivistischen „wir – ihr“ Konzept des ursprünglichen Barbarenbegriffs. Deshalb ist die römische Übernahme des Barbarenbegriffs (sowie der diese oft verkennende leichtfertige moderne Gebrauch) in höchstem Maße ambivalent und bedarf einer genaueren Klärung und einer Abgrenzung vom aus römischer Sicht eigentlich treffenderen (und häufigeren) Konzept „gens“, zumal der Barbarenbegriff im Verlauf der römischen Reichsgeschichte (auch durch die erst späte auftauchende territoriale Definition „Barbaricum“) Wandlungen mitmacht. Diese grund15 sätzlichen Überlegungen sind auch Gegenstand und Konsequenz des Forschungsprojekts „‚The Other’ in Action. The Barbarization of Rome and the Romanization of the World“ (PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0490). Im Vordergrund des Vortrags sollen neben allgemeinen und grundsätzlichen Überlegungen zum Barbarenbegriff die Daker, Geten und Thraker in der Wahrnehmung der Römer als Fallbeispiel stehen. In den einschlägigen Untersuchungen über die Wahrnehmung des Fremden durch die Römer sind die „gentes“ an der unteren Donau unterrepräsentiert und eine bewertende Verortung im Koordinatensystem römischer Fremdwahrnehmung steht noch aus. http://arheo.ro/romanization/ Research project: „‚The Other’ in Action. The Barbarization of Rome and the Romanization of the World“, PN-II-ID-PCE2012-4-0490 no.: 40/02.09.2013. Financed by Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (UEFISCDI) 16 Umdeutungen griechischer Kultbilder in den antiken Städten des Schwarzmeergebietes Florina Panait Bîrzescu, Iulian Bîrzescu (Archäologisches Institut „Vasile Pârvan”, Bukarest) Die Übertragung der Kulte von den Metropolen in die Kolonienstädte des Schwarzmeergebietes wurde von zahlreichen Objekten und Bildern begleitet. Von Letzteren werden im vorliegenden Vortrag die Kultbilder betrachtet, deren Deutung oder Form verändert wurden. Diese Umdeutungen erklären sich einerseits durch die Entwicklung und Eigenarten der Kulte in diesem Gebiet, anderseits durch die Abhängigkeit von ikonographischen Modellen aus weiteren Zentren, vor allem aus der Ägäis. In der Diskussion werden vor allem Funde aus den pontischen Heiligtümern, aber auch literarische Quellen vorgestellt, die diese Vorgänge belegen. 17 State of the Art and Prospective Research Directions on Hellenistic and Roman Glass from the Pontus Euxinus Sever-Petru Boţan, Costel Chiriac (Institute of Archaeology, Iaşi) Glassware is an important indicator of economic activities in Antiquity. Through the Greek cities, the Black Sea was integrated very early in the Mediterranean world trade, so that various types of glass objects were imported here. After a period of relative typological uniformity (as to the sand-core vessels), in the Hellenistic but especially in the Roman period, one can observe a differentiation between the North Pontic area (with more numerous discoveries) and the Western Black Sea, where the capacity of absorption and distribution of luxury tableware turns out to be lower. The situation of glass imports in the barbarian world north of the Danube appears to be of particular interest and complexity: before its conquest by Rome, at the beginning of the 2nd century AD, the panorama of glass typology and distribution had some similar features with the North Pontic world, which may prove the existence of trade directly or through the Sarmatian land. In order to obtain a more accurate picture, future research directions should 18 focus more on quantitative analysis, typology, function and circulation of glass vessels in lesser known areas, such as the southern and eastern coasts of the Black Sea. 19 Les relations économiques de Callatis à l’époque hellénistique basées sur les découvertes de timbres amphoriques Livia Buzoianu (Musée d’Histoire Nationale et d’Archéologie, Constanţa) Notre étude concerne les relations des fondations grecques du Pont-Euxin avec le monde grec. Appliquée à une seule catégorie de matériaux – celle des timbres amphoriques – l’étude est en mesure d’établir la diversité des importations amphoriques, aussi bien que leur dynamique, avec des périodes de hausse et de baisse, en fonction des facteurs économiques généraux ou de nature locale. Dans ce sens, la comparaison avec les colonies pontiques voisines (Histria et Tomis) ou les habitats du territoire (Albești) est significative. Nous remarquons la présence stable sur le marché de Callatis des centres pontiques (Héraclée, Sinope) et égéens (Thassos, Rhodes), ainsi que la présence isolée de quelques produits provenant de l’espace égéen (Kos, Paros, Ikos, Kyme) et méditerranéen (Crète, Cyrène). Les produits les plus fréquents, dont la présence est pourtant limitée à certaines séquences temporelles, proviennent de Chersonèse, Akanthos, et Cnide. Comme données générales pour l’économie de Callatis, en termes 20 d’importations amphoriques, nous retenons: la période de la circulation de ces produits, entre le milieu du IVe siècle av. J.C. et le début du Ier siècle av. J.-C.; les périodes de développement, à savoir la deuxième moitié du IVe siècle et le deuxième quart du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. On remarque deux périodes de crise: l’une, de courte durée, vers la fin du IVe siècle ‒ début du IIIe siècle av. J.-C., et une autre, plus prononcée, vers le milieu du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. 21 Greeks, Romans and Natives in Poleis of Thrace and Pontus Ligia Ruscu (Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj) The paper examines the grants of Roman citizenship in Greek cities founded by Pompeius Magnus in Pontus and by the emperor Trajan in Thrace (and Moesia Inferior). What these two groups of cities have in common is that they came into being by imperatorial fiat in areas where there had previously been few Greek cities in existence (none beyond the sea shores). As such, they fulfilled similar functions in the different social and cultural environments in which they were embedded. An important aspect of this prospect is the franchise, one of the most widely used tools of imperial government. The study of the new Roman citizens in these cities starting with Pompey/ Trajan and up to the 3rd century AD can lead to an assessment of the impact that the coming of Rome had on these areas and of the ways in which the subjects were integrated into the Roman commonwealth. Also, the comparison between the two areas can reveal differences and similarities concerning the evolution of Roman policies towards them and of the attitudes of the locals towards Rome. 22 The Thracian strategiae in Scythia Minor Florian Matei-Popescu (Vasile Pârvan Institute of Archaeology, Bucharest) The Thracian client kingdom was divided into strategiae, led by strategoi appointed directly by the king. As to mainland Thrace and the coastal areas of the Black Sea, such strategoi are attested by the literary and epigraphic sources; however, for the north-eastern part of the kingdom, namely Scythia Minor (part of the ripa Thraciae), such an institution was not attested until recently. Some information could nevertheless be found in Ovid, regarding the Thracian garrisons of Troesmis and Aegyssus, who were facing the raids of the North-Danubian Getic people, but no direct proof was available. The proof now comes from an inscription discovered in the city of Dionysopolis, a decree passed by the assembly and the people for a strategos of king Rhoemetalces (highly probably the first one, king between 12 BC–12 AD). The strategos Mokapor, the son of Auluporis, was praised for his military achievements as the strategos of Apsioupolis and Daotike. The former is obviously Axiopolis, while the latter still needs to be located. My paper will therefore argue that probably all the settlements attested in Scythia Minor after its inclusion in the Roman Empire – forts or small towns – were somehow related with the centres of the former Thracian strategies. 23 Numismatic and Sphragistic Research in the Western Pontic Area Lucian Munteanu (Institute of Archaeology, Iaşi) Our research within the Project concentrated on numismatics and sphragistics. With regard to the former, we have followed certain aspects of the relations between the Western Pontic Greek poleis (Histria, Callatis, Tomis) and the “Barbarian” world (Getian, Thracian, Scythian) in the Hellenistic Period in the light of monetary finds. Based on ancient sources, especially inscriptions, one can identify a pattern of non-commercial ways by which Greek coins fell into the hands of “Barbarians”, such as tribute, military payments to mercenaries, ransom for prisoners, plundering raids, diplomatic gifts and more general ways of the mobility of persons. We will try to demonstrate to which extent such Greek-“Barbarian” interactions can be identified in different areas of the Black Sea region (especially in the north and Propontic region). Research on the civic and provincial lead seals from western Asia Minor (Smyrna, Ephesos, Hypaipa, Koloe, etc.) that were found in Dobruja has been conducted together with Dr. C. Chiriac. We believe that these 24 specific artefacts attest to the import of goods from Asia Minor to supply the Roman army stationed along the Danube during the Gothic war under the emperor Valens. Our future research will focus on various aspects of these seals, such as their spreading into other parts of the Roman world, their chronology, and their manufacturing procedure. Our methods will include experiments and metallographical analysis. 25 Écriture, échanges et contacts dans les sociétés grecques anciennes: la correspondance privée sur plomb et sur tesson, du VIe au IIIe s. av. J.-C. Mădălina Dana (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) Je me propose de présenter un projet en cours, qui vise d’abord la réalisation d’un corpus de lettres grecques sur plomb et sur tesson, en provenance notamment des marges du monde grec, mais aussi de Chalcidique et d’Athènes. Le corpus est constitué d’une soixantaine de lettres, traduites et commentées: certaines sont brèves, parfois de simples billets, mais elles restent néanmoins des messages avec le but de transmettre une information, demander un service ou annoncer l’envoi d’une lettre plus détaillée. Après une présentation des principes qui ont guidé la réalisation du corpus, seront énoncées les principales directions du travail qui seront développées dans la synthèse historique. Cette dernière représente l’aboutissement de la recherche, qui sera une base pour une réflexion plus approfondie sur les savoirs de l’écriture, les pratiques de la correspondance dans les sociétés anciennes et les réseaux territoriaux et humains qu’on aperçoit à travers la circulation des lettres. 26 Greek Magic in the Northern Black Sea Region: A Survey of Olbian and Bosporan defixionum tabellae Alexey V. Belousov (Lomonosov Moscow State University) Currently, about fifty Greek curses have been found on the sites of ancient Olbia and the territories of the Bosporan Kingdom. The publications of these inscriptions are scattered between a great number of editions, some of which are now rare or even unavailable. The abundance of Greek magic inscriptions from the North Black Sea region as well as the diversity of their contents requires a broad but also critical approach. The author will set out his plan to produce a corpus of all Northern Pontic magic inscriptions, which will be accompanied by detailed commentaries. 27 Foreigners and the Foreign in Black Sea Area Epigrams. Towards a Corpus of the Epigrams of the Black Sea Region Johannes Nollé (DAI Munich) Marta Oller Guzmán (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) The late Professor Reinhold Merkelbach, who collected the epigrams of Asia Minor and published them in 5 volumes, suggested that we should follow his example by bringing together the epigrams of other parts of the Greek world. In the spirit of this explicit wish, insistently expressed some days before his death, we have decided, in the first place to collect the epigrams of the Black Sea Region. Therefore we have started by drawing up an inventory of the poetic texts already known and published. We will try to present each of them in a critical edition and add photographs where possible. Some of these texts have to do with foreigners who came as political exiles, pilgrims, craftsmen, travellers and especially traders. It is very interesting to see how these people expressed their experience of being a foreigner or an outsider in a poetic language. Some of these texts show the pride of people in their home country which they have left, some of them praise their 28 new home. In many cases it is very interesting to note what kind of images and which poetic phrases they used to introduce their home city and the foreign country. Another question which to be examined is whether we can detect linguistic differences in the epigrams connected with foreigners. 29 Some Aspects of Northern Black Sea Epigraphy: The Greek Inscriptions from "Neapolis Scythica" Igor Makarov (Centre for Comparative Studies on Ancient Civilizations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow) The core of the small collection of Greek inscriptions from “Neapolis Scythica” (the settlement of Kermenchik on the outskirts of modern Simferopol) consists of the lapidary monuments dating to the period between the early 120s and the last decade of the 2nd century BC. The most important among them are the following: 1) A pedestal with a badly damaged inscription mentioning King Skilouros: although its text and content cannot be restored with certainty, it proves, combined with archaeological data, the status of the fortress of Kermentchik (regardless of its contested identification as Scythian Neapolis) as a residence of the Late Scythian kings and a centre of the official cult; 2) Four dedications to Rhodian deities and Achilles Pontarches made by Posideos, son of Posideos (the last one published in 1960): in spite of the longlasting discussion concerning his citizenship and activity the analysis of the inscriptions bear a clear witness to the opinion that his native city was Pontic Olbia which was at that time 30 under Scythian control; 3) A metrical epitaph on the funerary monument of Argotas, first published in 2003: it is often argued that he seems to have been Skiluros’ predecessor as king of the Skythians. However, the text of the inscription does not provide any evidence in support of this view. Argotas is rather represented as a successful commander of the Scythian king. An interesting detail of that epitaph is that the friendliness of the “ruler of the Scythian land” towards the Hellenes is mentioned. It confirms the hypothesis that close dynastic links were maintained between the royal families of the Late Scythians and Bosporos in the 2nd century BC. 31 Die Beziehungen der griechischen Poleis des PropontisGebiets zu den westpontischen griechischen Städten Mustafa H. Sayar (Universität Istanbul) Seit der zweiten Hälfte des 7. Jhs. v. Chr. gründeten westkleinasiatische Poleis an der Westküste des Schwarzen Meeres acht Stadtsiedlungen. Es handelt sich um die Koloniegründen Histria, Tomis (Constanţa), Kallatis (Mangalia), Dionysopolis (Balčik), Odessos (Varna), Mesambria (Nesebâr), Anchialos (Pomorie), Apollonia (Sozopol). Polybios (25,2,12) berichtet, dass im Friedensvertrag des Jahres 179 v. Chr. zwischen Pharnakes und Chersonesos auch Kyzikos gemeinsam mit Herakleia und Mesambria erwähnt wurde. Kyzikos wurde wahrscheinlich wegen der engen Beziehungen zum pergamenischen Herrscherhaus in diesem Vertrag als Partner berücksichtigt. Ferner hatten mehrere Bürger aus den propontischen Städten etwa aus Byzantion, Perinthos und Kyzikos private Kontakte mit den westpontischen Poleis wie Kallatis, Tomis und Histria, wie zahlreiche Inschriften bezeugen. 32 La navigation commerciale dans l'Ouest de la mer Noire aux époques classique et hellénistique Thibaut Castelli (Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense) Les époques classique et hellénistique voient se développer des relations économiques intenses entre la partie ouest de la mer Noire et le reste du monde grec. L'étude des conditions de navigation en mer Noire se fait par la confrontation des sources anciennes et des informations fournies par la météorologie et l'océanographie modernes sur les courants et les vents marins de la région. En comparant les résultats de cette synthèse avec les descriptions du littoral pontique par les géographes grecs et romains, nous nous proposons d’identifier des routes maritimes, ainsi que leur utilisation en fonction des saisons. Cette analyse nous permettra de mieux comprendre les fluctuations des échanges commerciaux, qui se font très majoritairement par voie maritime, entre les différentes cités grecques de la mer Noire. 33 Heinz Heinen und die Bosporanischen Könige – Eine Projektbeschreibung (Heinz Heinen and the Bosporan Kings – a Project Outline) Altay Coşkun (University of Waterloo ON) The Northern coast of the Black Sea was settled by Iranians from the steppes since the 2nd millennium BCE, who were joined by Greek colonists as of the 7th century BCE. Roman political interest in the region is attested since the 2nd century BCE, before Roman direct or indirect control extended from the 1st century BCE to the 4th, if not 5th, century CE. Of particular interest is the Kingdom of the Kimmerian Bosporos, which surrounded the Strait of Kerch. For centuries, it was ruled by Hellenized kings of Iranian descent who held the titles of ‘friend of the Roman people’ and ‘high priest of the Emperor’. Ideological perspectives on the evidence are still prevalent a quarter-century after the fall of the Iron Curtain: the 19th-century paradigm that history is to be understood as rivalry between tribes and nations led to the assumption that major events were determined by a conflict between native Iranians and invading Greeks or oppressing Romans; this conflictual approach was cemented in the 20th century by regard34 ing Rome as a precursor of the imperialist West, at least in the eyes of Eastern European colleagues. The late Prof. Heinz Heinen (Trier, Germany, 1941-2013) was one of the first to systematically question those simplistic antagonisms. He repeatedly demonstrated that the same patterns of intercultural contact were in place as in other parts of the Roman Empire: most of the elite members avidly assumed Greek or Roman names, titles, dressing styles and cults out of free choice, though not necessarily rejecting wholesale their own traditions. They publicly displayed affiliations with the ruling power to enhance their prestige among the locals, rather than to arouse their resentment. Heinen left behind an unfinished manuscript on the history of the Bosporos that is of high intellectual appeal and historiographical importance; it covers most of the ancient sources for 63 BCE to 38 CE. As his former visiting fellow and research associate respectively, Victor Cojocaru and Altay Coşkun intend to prepare a posthumous edition of the work, and discuss, together with the conference participants, the possibility of a collaborative approach to implement this paradigm shift on a larger scale. 35 The Dynamics of Colonization in the Civilian and Military Milieu of the Roman Province Moesia Inferior. A Contrastive Approach Lucreţiu Mihailescu-Bîrliba (Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi) Roman colonization has rarely been treated in specialist monographs but rather in the larger framework of Romanization and acculturation. The traditional way of research has concentrated on collecting and interpreting relevant literary and epigraphic sources. I am proposing an interdisciplinary approach, and my analysis will be based on several nuances and regarding many aspects of Romanization, including some entirely new patterns interaction. The two main goals of our research are: to take further the prosopographical analysis of the colonists of the province, and to begin with a nondestructive archaeological investigation into the rural milieu of Moesia Inferior (using especially the vegetation scanner and the total station). Therefore, we can point out the succession and the differences between colonization in civilian and military milieu and propose a model of Roman colonization for the limes provinces, as well as for the Latin- and Greekspeaking provinces of the Roman Empire. 36 Orbis Romanus and Barbaricum – The Sarmatians around the Province of Dacia and Their Relations with the Roman Empire Lavinia Grumeza, Vitalie Bârcă (Institute of Archaeology and History of Art of Cluj) Geographically, the investigated territory lies in the area east and south-east of the Carpathian Mountains and the Tisza river basin; it was inhabited by Sarmatian tribes. Though these territories are today within the boundaries of five states (Hungary, Serbia, Ukraine, the Republic of Moldova and Romania), it is noteworthy that neither in Antiquity was the area clearly delimited by natural boundaries, which requires a unitary approach. The expansion of Roman control north of the Danube brought about significant changes the culture, economy and habitation patterns. The Roman withdrawal from Dacia and the entry in these territories of other populations led to significant changes of the area in terms of habitat and entire previously existent social structure. The study of how the Sarmatians interacted with the Roman civilisation is a less tackled subject. This project tries to elucidate the historical development of the whole area, amongst other things by applying anthropologic and 37 sociologic perspectives. During the first two stages of the project, we investigated the Sarmatian presence in Banat, which is also the main subject of this paper. The analysis of Sarmatian funerary contexts on the territory of ancient Banat allowed us to distinguish several stages of migration of certain Sarmatian groups between the 1st and 5th centuries AD. 38 A New Dedication from Olbia and the Problem of the City’s Reconstruction after the Raid by Burebista Askold Ivantchik (Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow / Institute Ausonius, CNRS, Bordeaux) The paper is devoted to the publication of an inscription found during the excavations in Olbia in 2006. The text belongs to a series of dedications by city magistrates which is well known for the Roman period. The inscription is the earliest from this series and dates to the reign of Augustus. Unlike other texts of this type, it is dedicated to Roman emperors and to the demos. It is also the earliest known inscription of the city restored after its destruction by Burebistas. It provides important new information about the relations between Olbia and Rome, as well as between Olbia and its barbarian neighbours at the end of the 1st century BC and the beginning of the 1st century AD. 39 Les principes qui gouvernent le programme iconographique du Mausolée de Tropaeum Traiani Maria Alexandrescu-Vianu (L’Institut d’archéologie «Vasile Pârvan», Bucarest) Cette communication se propose d’étudier le système de décoration du Mausolée: sur 54 métopes, 49 sont conservées, alors que trois autres sont connues d’après les descriptions de C. W. Wurtzer, professeur à l’Université de Bonn, qui les a vues lors d’un voyage à Adamclisi, en 1856. Nous connaissons également la décoration du trophée et des frises, alors que pour l’emplacement des pièces tombées du noyau central nous avons une idée approximative. Sans pouvoir la considérer comme un élément entièrement fiable pour notre analyse, cette décoration peut nous fournir des indices précieux pour le programme iconographique du monument. Ce dernier est pensé en fonction de l’emplacement du monument et du message qu’il doit porter. Ainsi, on peut s’interroger successivement sur la typologie des trophées romains (à quel type appartient le trophée d’Adamclissi?), sur la décoration organisée en rapport avec la forme (pourquoi la reconstitution de R. Florescu est fausse? parce que les métopes, les frises et les créneaux consti40 tuent un système cohérent qui ne peut pas être brisé), ainsi que sur la suite logique des métopes, en fonction de leur lieu de découverte. On peut également se demander quels sont les moyens d’expression: la technique, à savoir le relief conventionnel d’après la classification de G. Köppel, et les procédés d’augmenter l’impact de l’image dans la succession des métopes, à savoir la répétition, l’amplification et le crescendo. Enfin, on s’intéressera au répertoire des schémas de composition des scènes et aux types de portraits. 41 Maximinus and the Thracians Michael A. Speidel (Universities of Zürich and Bern) The short reign of Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus (235 – 238), later called the ‘Thracian’ and the first of the so-called ‘Barrack Emperors’, is sometimes considered to mark the beginning of the ‘Crisis of the Third Century’. His lowly background that should have excluded him from ever becoming emperor, and his violent accession to the throne have also ensured him an exceptionally bad press among both ancient and modern authors. Thus Herodian (6.8.1) thus styled him as ‘a shepherd boy from the Thracians of the furthest interior’. Michael Rostovtzeff described him as a ‘Thracian peasant’ who was ‘a brave, able and strong soldier’, but who started a degree of ‘unprecedented cruelty’, a ‘terrorism’ that was orchestrated to butcher not only the ‘imperial nobility’ but more significantly the municipal ‘bourgeoisie’ (Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, 2nd ed. 1957, 439 and 452). This contribution will focus on aspects and recent interpretations of the latest stages of Maximinus’s career before he became emperor, and on structural developments (including the relocation of signifycant numbers of young men and women from the Balkans to the West), apparent in old and recent sources, that made Maximinus’s accession to the throne possible. 42 Le concept de σχολή et l’unité du thème dans la Politique d’Aristote Alexander Baumgarten (L’Université «Babeş-Bolyai» de Cluj) En reprenant les grandes thèses aristotéliciennes sur la communauté humaine naturelle, je suggère une clef d'interprétation des Politiques autour du concept du loisir (schole). En considérant une longue série des analogies dans lesquelles l’homme se situe toujours au milieu, entre les dieux et les bêtes, la singularité et la multiplicité sans ordre ou placées entre les objets universels ou singuliers de l’expérience, j’ai essayé de déduire de ces analogies la position médiane du loisir, entre l’effort de survivre des animaux ou des paysans et le repos absolu de dieux. Après avoir trouvé des confirmations de cette série dans des passages du traite De l'âme ou dans les Météorologiques, j’ai proposé une vision différente de l'anthropologie d’Aristote par rapport aux analyses de Hannah Arendt du même concept de loisir. 43 Fremde Klänge, fremde Bilder? Selbstdarstellung in den Grabmälern der Ausländer in Athen Anna Ginestí Rosell (Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt) Die klassischen und nachklassischen Grabmäler Athens sind ein Zeugnis der bedeutenden Einwanderungsbewegung, welche die Stadt in dieser Zeit erlebte. Sowohl Griechen aus anderen Poleis als auch Menschen nicht griechischer Herkunft ließen Grabmonumente für sich aufstellen und traten damit in den Dialog mit der Selbstdarstellung der Athener, sei es durch Anpassung an die attischen Normen oder Einführung fremder Darstellungsformen. Die ganze Bandbreite der Anpassungsmöglichkeiten ist in der Ikonographie sowie auch in der Sprache zu beobachten, nur scheint es im Bereich der Ikonographie eine stärkere Reglementierung als in der Sprache gegeben zu haben. So sind Dialektmerkmale oder Zweisprachigkeit keine Seltenheit in den athenischen Grabinschriften, auch nicht in der Zeit der fortschreitenden Verbreitung der Koiné. Text und Bild sollen exemplarisch an einigen Monumenten zusammen untersucht werden, um die Varianz in der Selbstdarstellung bei den Fremden zu veranschaulichen. 44 Bastarnae and Other ‘Bastards’ – Visions of ‘Others’ as Reflected in Nicknames and Loans Adrian Poruciuc (Institute of Archaeology, Iaşi) According to Tacitus (Germania, 46), the earliest Germanic people that moved into the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic area (as early as the end of the 3rd century BC) „are sometimes called the Bastarnae.” They were known (to the Romans) as „squalid and slovenly people,” especially since “the features of their nobles get something of the Sarmatian ugliness from intermarriage.” Such information actually sustains the mainstream etymological opinion (to be found also in the Reallexicon der Germanischen Altertumskunde) according to which the exonym Bastarnae has the same base as the term bastard ‘illegitimate child’. It appears that such a critical-ironic vision of “Others” may be perceived not only in exonyms, but also in personal names recorded in ancient times, in areas close to the Black Sea. For instance, the second-century attestation of a Burtinus (which Gamillscheg was tempted to consider as Germanic) is also sustained by a Burtsitsinus found in another inscription from the same area: the bearer of the former name was from 45 Tomis, and the one of the latter from Histria. In regard to the cases under discussion, it so happens that both names (or nicknames, originally) correspond to two terms which survived in Romanian as burtă and borţ, and which can be best clarified as based on two Old Germanic borrowings into local Southeast European idioms. 46 Der Schwarzmeerraum in der Raumwahrnehmung der Griechen Johanna Leithoff (Universität Erfurt) Der Schwarzmeerraum gilt uns zumeist als eine Grenzregion, die wir im Zusammenhang mit griechischer Geschichte eher am Rande betrachten; diese Sichtweise liegt zu einem guten Teil in unserer eigenen Zeitstellung begründet, wird jedoch auch von den Quellen vorgegeben. In diesem Sinne möchte sich der Beitrag als Vorstellung eines Forschungsvorhabens verstehen, das unterschiedliche Komponenten, die die Raumwahrnehmung der Griechen konstituieren, näher beleuchten und zusammenführend in den Blick nehmen soll. Ansatzpunkte dieses Forschungsvorhabens können beispielsweise die literarische Darstellung von Reisenden und Grenzgängern bilden, ebenso wie die sich an den geographischen Begebenheiten orientierende Periplous-Literatur. Dazu treten Zeugnisse konkreter wirtschaftlicher Beziehungen (wie Münzen und Artefakte). Dabei soll nicht nur nach unterschiedlichen Perspektiven, sondern auch nach zeitlich und räumlich bedingten Veränderungen gefragt werden. 47 (Nicht nur philologische) Leckerbissen. Über den Fasan und seine kulturgeschichtliche Bedeutung für das Verständnis der Kolchis Tassilo Schmitt (Universität Bremen) Nach Auskunft einschlägiger Standardwerke und Lexika ist die Bezeichnung „Fasan“, griechisch φασιανός, lateinisch fasianus, vom Namen „Phasis“ abgeleitet. Die Adjektivbildung ist zwar auf den ersten Blick ungewöhnlich, aber sprachlich korrekt. Sachlich aber ist zu fragen, warum ein Vogel, der auch im Altertum von Indien bis nach Vorderasien weit verbreitet war, wie man in der Forschung ohne Weiteres annimmt, nach einem relativ begrenzten Gebiet „am Phasis“ benannt sein soll. Der Beitrag diskutiert zunächst die frühesten griechischen Belege für φασιανοί im Athen des 5. Jahrhunderts und schlägt für das schon in der hellenistischen Philologie diskutierte Problem, ob es sich dabei wirklich um Vögel handle, mit neuen Argumenten vor, dass es hier eher um Pferde geht. In einem weiteren Schritt wird eine Hypothese begründet, wie es zu dieser Benennung kam. Dabei werden Vorstellungen vom „Phasis“ zu analysieren sein. Vor dem Hintergrund dieses Assoziationshorizontes lässt sich dann 48 auch eingrenzen, wann und in welchen Zusammenhängen schließlich die bis heute in vielen Sprachen verwendete Bezeichnung des „Fasans“ aufkam. In der Geschichte des Appellativums φασιανός spiegeln sich so verschiedene Phasen der Verbindung des Landes Kolchis und des Flusses sowie der Stadt Phasis an der östlichen Schwarzmeerküste mit der übrigen griechischen Welt. 49 The Inhabitants of Sinope between Greek Identity and Roman Power Claire Barat (University of Valenciennes and Hainaut-Cambresis) From the Roman conquest of Sinope by the Roman general Lucullus in 70 BC, the inhabitants of Sinope were under Roman domination. The present paper will study how this domination over Sinope materialized: the traces of the destruction and plundering of the public monuments will be shown and the absence of epigraphic documents from Mithridatic rule will be discussed. The study will then move on to address the creation of Roman monuments and Roman district in the Greek town of Sinope. Further treated will be the administrative status of Sinope in the new province of Pontus et Bithynia, particularly after the deduction of a Caesarian colony in 45 BC, and the status of the inhabitants as revealed by the epigraphic sources. Finally pursued will be the questions which languages were spoken in Sinope and which ethnic identities can be attributed to its inhabitants. 50 La basilique épiscopale d’Histria. Répartition de l’espace sacré Octavian Bounegru (L’Université «Alexandru Ioan Cuza» de Iași) Située au centre de la ville romano-byzantine, la basilique épiscopale d’Histria reflète la fonctionnalité liturgique qu’elle avait à l’époque de sa construction, sous Justinien. Le programme édilitaire concernant les édifices de cette époque avait été conçu et soutenu par Justinien, à l’aide de deux célèbres architectes, Anthemios de Tralleis et Isidore de Milet, connus pour leurs compétences techniques (mechanopoioi). Il s’agissait, en réalité, d’un aspect important du programme idéologique de l’empereur, qui se proposait ainsi de consolider l’unité de l’État. L’une des conséquences les plus notables de ce programme a été l’emplacement de la basilique au centre de l’espace urbain, ce qui reflète le rôle significatif joué par les basiliques, notamment épiscopales, dans la mise en scène du pouvoir. 51 The Black Sea in Early Christian Literature Dan Ruscu (Babeş Bolyai University of Cluj) Tertullian (Against Marcion) explains the heresy of Marcion by the roughness of the Pontic area; Procopius (Wars, books 7 and 8) describes the Black Sea as the abode of giant whales and home of the dolphins. Throughout the early Christian literature, the Black Sea thus continued to be seen as the embodiment of otherness. At the same time, however, the Pontic region was deemed a destination worthy for Christian missionnaries, as we can read in the works of Gregory Thaumaturgus, Basil of Caesarea and John Chrysostom. They regarded the southern shores of the Euxine Sea as a source of civilization for the other Pontic shores – especially the northern ones. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the representation of the Black Sea in ancient sources and to delineate its image held by early Christian writers in Late Antiquity. 52 Byzantium and the Northern Black Sea Region during the 13th Century Sergei Bocharov (Kazan Federal University) Throughout the Middle Ages the Northern Black Sea region had different economic (and socio-political) tendencies and histories. The steppe was controlled by nomads who did not create states. The Crimea formed part of the Byzantine Empire (with an interruption under the Khazar Khaganate). Since ancient times there were two political and economic centres on the Crimean peninsula: Panticapaeum (Bosporus) on the Eastern Crimea and Chersonesos in the West. By the 13th century, however, Sughdea in eastern part of the Crimean Mountains emerged as the main economic centre. After the capture of Constantinople by crusaders in 1206, Byzantine domination over the area vanished, and the Crimea fell under the control of the Southern Pontic Empire of Trebizond. This continued to adhere to the policy of maintaining peaceful relations with the nomads. Around the same time, Venetian merchants began to appear in the Northern Black Sea ports, and the steppes, after having been ruled by Cumans 53 (Kipchaks) for some two centuries, saw the invasion of the Mongols, who reached the Crimea in 1223 under Genghis Kan. It was only under Batu Khan that the Northern Black Sea coast was integrated into a Mongolian State in 1237/8. By 1263, Solkhat developed into the administrative centre of the peninsula. Commerce could then expand deep into the continent. The largest commercial network was established by merchants from Genoa, to whom the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus granted the monopoly to trade between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean in 1262. 54 Social Sciences and Humanities in Horizon 2020 Diana Stah (Tiraspol State University, Chişinău) Horizon 2020 (H2020) is the new instrument of the European Commission (EC) aimed at funding Research and Innovation. With a budget of € 70.2 billion, the programme runs from 2014 to 2020, being open to EU Member States, countries Associated to H2020 and Third Countries. The major difference to the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) consists of a new programme structure which more strongly encourages holistic approaches with a strong interdisciplinary touch. Though formally divided into three pillars – Excellent Science, Industrial Leadership and Societal Challenges, H2020 provides plenty of opportunities to researchers for collaborating on a considerable number of announced topics. The Social Sciences and Humanities are attributed to Societal Challenge 6, which, traditionally, has a less generous budget than the other areas of H2020. However, given the obvious societal dimension of this programme, as well as the desire to encourage inter- and trans-disciplinarity, H2020 opens a number of less obvious possibilities for researchers 55 from the Social Sciences and Humanities. This presentation will analyze the topics of the H2020 calls which are not directly related to the Social Sciences and Humanities, but are open for participation of researchers from those fields. In particular, non-thematic calls with a high success rate will be considered. Finally, suggestions for assuring sustainability of the Project PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0054 by applying to H2020 funding will be made. 56 Notes 57 58 59 60