Final report - Laboratório de Fonética

1. Identificação do Projecto
Referência do Projecto: PTDC/CLE-LIN/119787/2010
Investigador Responsável: Sónia Marise de Campos Frota
Instituição Proponente: Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa (FL/ULisboa)
Data de Início: 02-01-2012 Data de Fim: 09-07-2015 Financiamento
Concedido: €103.063,00
2. Caracterização Sumária do Projecto
Objectivos do Projecto (indicar endereço electrónico do(s) site(s) criado(s), quando
aplicável)
Understanding language variation has long been a topic of research in linguistics. However, the study of
language variation has only very recently targeted prosodic variation. Research on prosodic, intonational
and rhythmic variation in Portuguese was very limited at the start of this project. This project thus aimed
at developing research and applications in this domain, within a program of international scope that
proposes a system for prosodic transcription and analysis of speech, together with a set of
methodological procedures that enable cross-linguistic work on prosodic variation in language. It arises
as a natural consequence of much ongoing work in the last decade within the Phonetics Laboratory of
the University of Lisbon and other collaborating groups.
One of the project’s main outputs consists of an Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese, freely
accessed online, fully covering European Portuguese, and including varieties of Brazilian Portuguese
along the Atlantic Coast as well as varieties of Portuguese spoken in Africa
[http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/]. The Atlas maps, among other aspects, the distribution of
Portuguese varieties as to the observed prosodic phrasing preferences, tonal density, intonational
choices, and rhythmic properties. It comprises methodological information; speech samples annotated
for intonation and phrasing; prototypical examples of the different sentence types from the different
regions, with corresponding F0 traces and spectrograms. It also offers the first full-fledged system for
the transcription of Portuguese prosody (P-ToBI - http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/P-ToBI/), that is
supported by a course on prosody and training materials, aimed at a broad audience of users. Finally,
the Atlas includes a list of resources for research on Portuguese prosody and intonation. This is expected
to be a valuable resource for research, language learning and teaching, and speech technology
applications.
A considerable speech database was collected in Portugal, Brazil, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique, San Tome
and Principe and Angola. The data collection for prosodic and intonation survey followed the procedures
established in recent similar projects for other European languages. Partnerships already established with
groups involved in similar projects in the Romance space (namely in Spain and Italy) ensured the
comparability of the materials collected and of the analysis procedures. The speech materials integrate
spontaneous speech, map-tasks, as well as corpora carefully designed to allow detailed and comparable
analysis of prosody, intonation and rhythm. This, together with the inclusion in the team of researchers
specialised in the prosody of other Romance languages, and the work done in close collaboration with
groups working on the prosodic and intonational systems of Catalan, French, Friulian, Italian, Occitan,
Romanian, Sardinian, and Spanish, has fostered a better understanding of prosodic variation within
Romance, as well as of the Romance/Germanic divide. The recently published ‘Intonation in Romance’
book (Oxford University Press) is an output of this broad research endeavour.
In short, the research developed within the project had three main goals, which have been
accomplished: (i) the systematic description of the prosody, intonation and rhythm of European
Portuguese varieties, thus extending the knowledge of the prosody of EP well beyond the variety spoken
in Lisbon; (ii) the comparison among dialects and varieties of Portuguese in Europe, Brazil and Africa,
and between these and other Romance languages varieties, contributing to a typological description and
the discovery of possible correlations between types of phenomena and/or trends of variation; (iii) a
contribution to phonological theory in the domains of prosody, intonation and rhythm, coming from
systematic analysis of new language varieties and from a close comparison between related dialects and
languages, within well defined and productive empirical approaches and frameworks of analysis, and
leading to a system for the transcription and analysis of Portuguese prosody (P-ToBI).
Implications of the prosodic variation findings may be of central interest to language typology, diachronic
linguistics, the relation between prosody and other components of grammar (e.g., syntax-prosody and
morphology-prosody interfaces), speech and language processing (as prosody as been shown to
constrain processing), and language development (given the prosodic bootstrapping hypothesis and the
impact of the properties of the input in language acquisition and development).
Breve descrição das actividades desenvolvidas bem como dos desvios ocorridos durante a
execução do projecto
The project included six tasks: (1) a basic task of data collection for prosody and intonation survey,
together with the pre-processing pipeline that prepared the sound files for analysis and included, among
other steps, file segmentation, editing and labeling; (2) the setting up and continuous feeding and
maintenance of the interactive web platform, which provides free access to all the information relevant
to the project as well as to most of the project’s results and outputs (materials and corpora,
methodology, prototypical examples of prosodic variation, data analysis, mapping of prosodic variation,
tools for the transcription of prosody and other resources), as an interactive depository of a large sample
of speech representing Portuguese prosodic variation at the onset of the XXI century; three tasks
devoted to the analysis and mapping of the pivotal dimensions of prosodic variation, namely (3) prosodic
phrasing, (4) rhythm, and (5) intonation, the latter comprising sentence types and semantic-pragmatic
distinctions within sentence types (e.g., broad and narrow focused statements), pitch accent distribution
and tonal density; and (6) a systematic across variety analysis of the dimensions of prosodic variation
within Portuguese and within Romance, in collaboration with researchers with expertise in the prosody of
other Romance languages.
During the first year of the project, the main focus of the research team was twofold, involving mostly
tasks 1 and 2. The necessary equipment for data collection and data pre-processing was set up, the
materials and methodologies were defined, including the data collection and pre-processing routines.
Locations for data collection in Portugal were defined, taking into consideration their potential for
variation on the basis of what is known from dialectal studies with respect to segmental, lexical and
syntactic variation, and local contacts started to be established to enable subject recruitment and data
collection facilities. Data collection was initially performed on 4 regions of Portugal and 5 regions of
Brazil. At the same time, the equipment to support the Interactive Atlas web platform was set up and a
test version of the Interactive Atlas was online by the end of the first year, allowing the online production
of intonational typology maps based on an illustrative set of data on nuclear contour types, and offering
an extensive list of resources on prosodic variation in Portuguese and Romance languages.
In the second year, major efforts were directed to data collection and file pre-processing (task 1), and to
the data analysis tasks (tasks 3 to 6). Data collection was completed in 20 regions of Portugal (18 in the
continent and 2 in Azores) and 8 regions in Brazil. The analysis of sections of these data were
disseminated via several outputs, namely conference presentations, book chapters, and a PhD thesis was
concluded. Although one international workshop was initially planned for the first year of the project, it
was clear for the project’s leadership that the mid of second year was the critical moment to join the
project team members, the project consultants, and members of the national and international
communities, given the considerable data already gathered and analysed and the deliverables produced.
Time was ripe to discuss preliminary findings and to gain feedback that would impact on the forthcoming
research activities. The first workshop of the project was organized as a satellite event of an
international conference held at the University of Lisbon
(http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/workshop.html), thus promoting the dissemination of the project’s
activities among the international community. Improvements and updating of the Interactive Atlas web
platform were also performed during the second year (namely, for nuclear contours, tonal density and
phrasing).
The third year of the project was devoted to all the six tasks, working towards the achievement of the
main goals of the project and the planned outputs. Major efforts were put into the completion of data
collection for European and Brazilian Portuguese, and data for varieties of African Portuguese could
finally start to be obtained. The analysis of considerable sections of these data, including prosodic
phrasing, rhythm and intonation, and comparative work across varieties of Portuguese and other
Romance languages, was concluded and yield several deliverables (i.e., presentations at national and
international conferences, publications in peer-reviewed proceedings, book chapters and journals). The
Interactive Atlas web platform gained this final layout in terms of interactive facilities for the user,
(http://Labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/), an extension of the available resources for research on
Portuguese prosody, and the platform for the training of analysis and transcription of Portuguese
prosody started to be developed.
Given the efforts made to conclude the data collection process, and consequently data pre-processing
and analysis, a six-month extension of the project execution period was requested and approved. Data
collection in Portugal was hindered due to restricted facilities and collaboration in some localities. By
contrast, in Brazil, contacts by team members established collaborations that increased the data
collection points from the initially planned 5 locations to 12 locations, thus requiring a natural extension
of the initial schedule. Only during the third year of the project, a collaboration towards data collection in
Africa was possible to establish, as well as the recruitment of African Portuguese speakers. Therefore,
the requested extension allowed data collection for European Portuguese to cover 38 locations (out of
the 40 initially planned); data collection for Brazilian Portuguese is completed for 10 locations (and in
progress for the other 2); for African Portuguese, it was possible to collect and analyse data from Guinea
Bissau, with data collection still in progress for San Tome and Principe, Angola and Mozambique, within a
partnership established with external collaborators that will be maintained until 2017. Some of this data
has already been analysed, as in the case of the intonation of declaratives in Guinea Bissau (MA Thesis
concluded). The extension granted also enabled the interactive web platform to broaden the varieties of
European and Brazilian Portuguese included, and to comprise data from African Portuguese. Finally, the
system for the transcription of Portuguese prosody (P-ToBI), supported by a course on Prosody and by
training materials, was concluded and made available online as part of the interactive web platform.
According to the project application, a final workshop was held in the final year of the project. This
workshop, entitled ProVar – Prosodic Variation, took place during the last month of the project’s activities
(http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/ProVar/index.html). It was held together with another
international workshop on early language acquisition and an international call for abstracts was issued to
maximize the participation of members of the international community. Some of the major findings and
outputs from the project were presented at ProVar. As planned in the project’s application, this workshop
was the right setting for national and international dissemination and discussion of the resources, tools,
and results produced within the project.
Objectivos atingidos
The three main goals of the Project were accomplished: (1) the systematic description of the prosody,
intonation and rhythm of European Portuguese varieties, thus extending the knowledge of the prosody of
EP well beyond the variety spoken in Lisbon; (2) the comparison among dialects and varieties of
Portuguese in Europe, Brazil and Africa, and between these and other Romance languages varieties,
contributing to a typological description and the discovery of possible correlations between types of
phenomena and/or trends of variation; (3) a contribution to phonological theory in the domains of
prosody, intonation and rhythm, coming from systematic analysis of new language varieties and from a
close comparison between related dialects and languages, within well defined and productive empirical
approaches and frameworks of analysis, and leading to a system for the transcription and analysis of
Portuguese prosody (P-ToBI). Achieving these goals implied not only keeping with the initial plan
establish by the six project tasks, but also going beyond it, particularly in what concerns data collection,
pre-processing and analysis, and the development of resources on prosody and prosodic variation.
1. A systematic description of the prosody, intonation and rhythm of European Portuguese (EP) varieties
was provided, which goes well beyond previous work mainly centered on the variety spoken in Lisbon. It
includes central-southern varieties spoken in Alentejo, Algarve and Castelo Branco (e.g., Castelo Branco,
Nisa, Évora, Castro Verde, Albufeira, Alvor), northern varieties (e.g., Arcos de Valdevez, Castro
Laboreiro, Bragança, Vila Real, Braga, Porto, Gião, Coimbra), and the islands (Ponta Delgada, Funchal).
Our findings indicate that (i) EP varieties differ in their patterns of intonational phrasing, with most
varieties showing an (S)(VO) phrasing pattern and the Lisbon variety and the varieties in the extreme
south a (SVO) pattern; (ii) prosodically constrained segmental phenomena (vocalic and consonantal
sandhi) also display relevant patterns of variation, with sandhi phenomena that promote reduction
and/or deletion more prominent in the center and south, and sandhi phenomena that promote
preservation and/or insertion more frequent in the North (e.g., semivocalization is preferred in the north
whereas vowel deletion is the main pattern in the south); (iii) variation in EP rhythmic patterns suggests
an interior-extreme south versus littoral-Alentejo divide, with the former being more stress-timed and the
latter more syllable-timed; (iv) although bitonal nuclear accents prevail across Portuguese, there is
strong variation in the intonational lexicon across EP varieties (which is particularly evident in yes-no
questions); (v) finally, tonal density also distinguished between EP varieties, with the standard variety
(Lisbon) standing out for its low tonal density.
2. The first studies aiming at a comparison among dialects and varieties of Portuguese in Europe, Brazil
and Africa, and between these and other Romance languages varieties were carried out on the basis of a
comparable data and a common methodological approach. Results have shown that the (SVO) prosodic
phrasing pattern, less common in EP varieties and in Romance languages in general, but characteristic of
standard EP, prevails in central-southern Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and in the African Portuguese of
Guinea Bissau (GBP). For intonation, the main geographic divide is that between EP and BP. BP is
characterized by a richer pitch accent distribution than EP. Within BP, pitch accent distribution is denser
in the south. GBP also displays a dense distribution of pitch accents. Therefore, these varieties of
Portuguese are closer to the main pattern found in Romance, and in particular in the neighboring
Spanish and Catalan, than Standard EP. The intonation of sentence types and semantic-pragmatic
distinctions, studied across EP and BP varieties, revealed much more variation within EP than within BP:
for example, unlike in EP, BP presents a gradual continuum from north to south in the distribution of the
nuclear contours that characterize yes-no questions.
3. The project actively contributed to the collaborative effort to produce a crosslinguistic/dialectal
analysis of prosodic variation within Romance, based on well defined and productive empirical
approaches and frameworks of phonological analysis. The systematic comparison of similarities and
differences in the prosodic and intonation systems across nine Romance languages and their varieties
not only provided a typological description of prosodic variation, but contributed to the discussion of key
aspects of prosodic theory, such as the number of phrasing levels relevant for intonation, the role played
by the domains for the distribution of pitch events in prosodic typology, or the ways lexical and syntactic
marking of pragmatic meanings impact on the design of intonation systems. A major output on the side
of the current understanding of Portuguese prosody was the development of a full-fledged system for
the analysis and transcription of the prosody of Portuguese (P-ToBI), within the general framework of
autosegmental-metrical phonology.
Last but not least, and as a result of the accomplishment of the project’s milestones, the Interactive
Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese web platform, freely available online, comprises a wealth of data,
information, tools and resources on Portuguese prosody and prosody in general, to be used by the
community. The Atlas will be maintained and updated beyond the time-limits of the current project, and
minimally until 2017.
Realização Financeira (justificação sumária dos desvios ocorridos durante a execução do
projecto)
During the project execution period the following changes to the initial application were requested and
granted.
(i) Human resources for the tasks of data collection and pre-processing needed to be strengthen to allow
two teams on the field at the same time and speed up the time-consuming pre-processing stage. This
was achieved by converting a 24 months BPD into a 12 months BPD and a 24 months BI, without any
change on the amount established for human resources.
(ii) Advanced formation on ArcGIS given by ESRI was provided to a team member, given its relevance to
the programming and implementation of the geographical tools needed for the interactive web platform.
The cost of this formation was imputed to the missions.
(iii) Given that data collection was further extended beyond the initial application plans, the amounts
needed for data collection related activities, namely involving human resources and data collection
missions, had to be enlarged. This was achieved by reducing the service procurement and acquisitions
amount (which was possible due to the advanced formation of team members to pursue highly
specialized tasks of data management and geographical mapping) and the consultants amount (due to
meetings scheduled during international conferences attendance and external funding for consultants
travelling). Therefore, the following amounts were respectively transferred from service procurement and
acquisitions to human resources and from service procurement and acquisitions and consultants to
missions: 2.106,68 €; 131,4 €; 705,47 €.
5. Indicadores de Realização Física
Indicadores
Quantidade
realizada
A - Publicações
Livros
1
Artigos em revistas internacionais
1
Artigos em revistas nacionais
3
B - Comunicações
Comunicações em encontros científicos
internacionais
33
Comunicações em encontros científicos nacionais
15
C - Relatórios
5
D - Organização de seminários e conferências
7
E - Formação avançada
Teses de Doutoramento
1
Teses de Mestrado
2
Outras
2
F - Modelos
0
G - Aplicações computacionais
0
H - Instalações piloto
0
I - Protótipos laboratoriais
0
J - Patentes
0
L - Outros
Online interactive Atlas
2
Book chapters
12
Proceedings
5
6. Publicações
Complete list of outputs chronologically organized within each of the categories indicated in the
table under section ‘5. Indicadores de Realização Física’.
A. PUBLICAÇÕES
Livros
S. Frota & P. Prieto (eds.). 2015. Intonation in Romance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 492 pp. ISBN: 978–0–19–968533–2. http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199685332.do S. Frota & C. Gussenhoven. Under contract. Intonation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Accepted in May 2013. M. Cruz, P. Oliveira & S. Frota (eds.). In progress. Prosodic variation (with)in languages: Intonation, phrasing and segments. Book proposal to be submitted to the Book Series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology, edited by M. J. Ball & P. van Lieshout, Equinox Publishing. This book intends to gather the nd
research presented at ProVar – Workshop on Prosodic Variation. 2 Workshop of the project Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese. Artigos em Revistas Internacionais
M. Vanrell, A. Stella, B. Gili Fivela & P. Prieto. 2013. Prosodic manifestations of the Effort Code in Catalan, Italian and Spanish contrastive focus, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43-­‐2, 195-­‐220, 2013. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8951403 S. Frota. Accepted. Surface and Structure: Transcribing intonation within and across languages. Laboratory Phonology. Accepted in Aug. 2015. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Surface_Structure_submitted_protected.pdf V. Crespo-­‐Sendra, M. M. Vanrell & P. Prieto. Accepted. The contribution of the prenuclear and nuclear contour regions to the identification of incredulity questions in Catalan, Journal of International Phonetics Association. Accepted in April 2014. P. Oliveira, P. Palma, N. Barros, B. Neto, M. Cruz & S. Frota. In progress. Mapping variation in European Portuguese: intonation, phrasing, and rhythm. Paper based in the talk presented at ProVar -­‐ Workshop nd
on Prosodic Variation. 2 Workshop of the project Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese. To be submitted to an international journal. Artigos em Revistas Nacionais
V. Santos & F. Fernandes-­‐Svartman. 2014. O padrão entoacional neutro do português de Guiné-­‐Bissau: uma comparação preliminar com o português brasileiro. Estudos Linguísticos, vol. 43(1), 48-­‐63. http://revistas.gel.org.br/estudos-­‐linguisticos/article/view/418 E. Scarpa & F. R. Fernandes-­‐Svartman. 2012. A estrutura prosódica das disfluências no português brasileiro. Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos (UNICAMP), v. 54, p. 25-­‐40, 2012. http://revistas.iel.unicamp.br/index.php/cel/article/view/2571/2004 F. R. Fernandes-­‐Svartman. 2012. A entoação das sentenças clivadas em português brasileiro e a interface sintaxe-­‐fonologia. Filologia e Linguística Portuguesa, v. 14, p. 37-­‐56, 2012. http://www.fflch.usp.br/dlcv/lport/flp/images/arquivos/FLP14-­‐1/Fernandes-­‐Svartman.pdf A. A. Fonseca, A. C. O. Silva & S. O. G. Barreto. In progress. Considerações sobre padrões entoacionais na fala infantil da variante mineira do Português Brasileiro. Paper in preparation to be submitted to a national journal. S. Frota, J. Castelo, M. Cruz, V. Crespo-­‐Sendra, N. Barros, A. Ponciano & M. Vigário. In progress. Melodia ou texto? Estratégias de acomodação melodia-­‐texto no Português. Paper to be submitted to Diadorim -­‐ Revista de Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, vol. 17, Special Issue Prosódia e Acústica, organized by C. Serra & C. Cunha. B. COMUNICAÇÕES
Comunicações/Posters em Encontros Científicos Internacionais
F. R. Fernandes-­‐Svartman, N. Barros, V. dos Santos & J. Castelo. 2015. Intonational phrasing across nd
varieties of Portuguese. Talk presented at ProVar -­‐ Workshop on Prosodic Variation. 2 Workshop of the project Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese. University of Lisbon, July 9. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/ProVar/Fernandes-­‐Svartman_et_al_2015.pdf M. Barone & J. Castelo. 2015. High pre-­‐tonic falls in Northeastern Brazilian varieties: may a prenuclear high target spreading rightward re-­‐categorize as a nuclear leading tone? Talk presented at ProVar -­‐ nd
Workshop on Prosodic Variation. 2 Workshop of the project Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese. University of Lisbon, July 9. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/ProVar/ProVar_Barone&Silva.pdf M. Cruz, M. Swerts & S. Frota. 2015. Variability in tone and gesture within language. Talk presented at PaPE 2015 – Phonetics and Phonology in Europe, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, 29-­‐30 June. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/Cruz_Swerts_Frota_PaPE15.pdf M. Cruz, M. Swerts & S. Frota. 2015. Variation in tone and gesture within language. Talk presented at ICPhS 2015 -­‐ The 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Glasgow, Scotland, UK, August 10-­‐14. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/Cruz_Swerts_Frota_ICPhS15.pdf M. Vigário, N. Paulino & P. Oliveira. 2015. Prosodic Variation in EP: the contribution of Vowel Sandhi and nd
Glide Insertion. Talk presented at ProVar -­‐ Workshop on Prosodic Variation. 2 Workshop of the project Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese. University of Lisbon, July 9. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/Sandhi_ProVar2015.pdf N. Barros & S. Frota. 2015. Prosodic Phrasing in parentheticals and topics across varieties of European Portuguese. Talk presented at ICPhS 2015 -­‐ The 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Glasgow, Scotland, UK, August 10-­‐14. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/Barros&Frota_ICPhS15_talk.pdf P. Oliveira, P. Palma, N. Barros, B. Neto, M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2015. Mapping variation in European Portuguese: intonation, phrasing, and rhythm. Talk presented at ProVar -­‐ Workshop on Prosodic nd
Variation. 2 Workshop of the project Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese. University of Lisbon, July 9. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/ProVar/ProVar_mapping.pdf S. Frota, P. Oliveira, M. Cruz & M. Vigário. 2015. P-­‐ToBI: tools for the transcription of Portuguese nd
prosody. Talk presented at ProVar -­‐ Workshop on Prosodic Variation. 2 Workshop of the project Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese. University of Lisbon, July 9. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/ProVar/P-­‐ToBI_ProVar.pdf V. Crespo-­‐Sendra, M. Cruz, J. Castelo & S. Frota. 2015. Asking questions across European and Brazilian Portuguese varieties: information-­‐seeking and counterexpectational yes-­‐no questions. Talk presented at nd
ProVar -­‐ Workshop on Prosodic Variation. 2 Workshop of the project Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese. University of Lisbon, July 9. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/ProVar/Crespo-­‐Sendra%20et%20al_ProVar_2015_FINAL.pdf F. Fernandes-­‐Svartman & V. Santos. 2014. Tonal association in neutral sentences of Portuguese of th
Guinea-­‐Bissau. Poster presented at The 6 International Conference on Tone and Intonation in Europe, U. Utrecht, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Fernandes-­‐Svartman&SantosTIE62014.pdf J. Silva & S. Frota. 2014. The intonation of yes-­‐no question in three varieties of Brazilian Portuguese. Talk st
presented at the 1 International Symposium on Variation in Portuguese, U. Minho, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Castelo_Frota_VarPor.pdf M. Cruz, P. Palma, B. Neto, P. Oliveira & S. Frota. 2014. Building a prosodic profile of European st
Portuguese varieties: the challenge of mapping intonation and rhythm. Talk presented at 1 International Symposium on Variation in Portuguese, U. Minho, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/1stSymVarPor_Cruz_Palma_Neto_Oliveira_Frota.pdf M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2014. Accents on the face? Visual prosody in varieties of Portuguese. Poster th
presented at The 6 International Conference on Tone and Intonation in Europe, U. Utrecht, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/Cruz&Frota_TIE6.pdf M. Vigário. 2014. Distinguishing prosodic constituents from recursive domains. Invited talk presented at the Workshop on The Prosodic Hierarchy in a Typological Perspective, U. Stockholm, 2014. http://www.su.se/svefler/om-­‐oss/evenemang/konferenser-­‐symposier-­‐och-­‐workshoppar/tidigare-­‐
andordnade-­‐konferenser-­‐och-­‐symposier/workshop-­‐the-­‐prosodic-­‐hierarchy-­‐in-­‐a-­‐typological-­‐perspective-­‐
14-­‐15-­‐3-­‐2014-­‐1.164652 th
M. Vigário & S. Frota. 2014. (Non-­‐)Recursion in Phonology. Invited talk presented at The 6 International Conference on Tone and Intonation in Europe (special session), U. Utrecht, 2014. http://www.tie2014.com/program P. Oliveira, M. Cruz, N. Paulino & M. Vigário. 2014. Prosodic structure and prominence constrains on nd
epenthesis: evidence from hiatus resolution across Portuguese varieties. Poster presented at The 22 Manchester Phonology Meeting, U. Manchester, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Oliveiraetal22mfm.pdf P. Oliveira, N. Paulino, M. Cruz & M. Vigário. 2014. Glide insertion to break a hiatus in Portuguese: the st
role of prosodic, geographic, and sociolinguistc factos. Talk presented at the 1 International Symposium on Variation in Portuguese, U. Minho, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/1stSymVarPor_Oliveira_Paulino_Cruz_Vigario.pdf P. Toneli, M. Vigário & M. B. Abaurre. 2014. Distinguishing emphatic and Prosodic Word initial stresses: th
evidence from Brazilian Portuguese. Poster presented at the 4 International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages, U. Radboud, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/TAL_Tonelietal14.pdf P. Toneli, M. Vigário & M. B. Abaurre. 2014. Distribuição tonal em sentenças declarativas neutras em duas variedades do Português Brasileiro (Paraná e Minas Gerais). Talk presented at the XVII Congresso Internacional da Associação de Linguística e Filologia da América Latina, UFP, João Pessoa, Brazil, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Toneli_ALFAL14.pdf V. Crespo-­‐Sendra, M. Cruz, J. Silva & S. Frota. 2014. Asking questions across Portuguese varieties. Talk th
presented at The 6 International Conference on Tone and Intonation in Europe, U. Utrecht, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/Crespo-­‐Sendraetal_TIE6.pdf B. Gili-­‐Fivela, B. Post & P. Prieto. 2013. Panel: Portuguese within Romance. Talk presented at the 1st Workshop of the Project InAPoP, PaPI2013, U. Lisbon, June 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/workshop.html M. Cruz, P. Oliveira & P. Palma. 2013. The InAPoP web platform: mapping prosodic variation. Talk presented at the 1st Workshop of the Project InAPoP, PaPI2013, University of Lisbon, June 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Cruz_Oliveira_Palma_2013_InAPoPWorkshop.pdf M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2013. Rhythm across European Portuguese varieties. Poster presented at PaPI 2013 – Phonetics and Phonology in Iberia, FLUL, University of Lisbon, Portugal. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Cruz&Frota_PaPI2013_poster.pdf M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2013. On the relation between intonational phrasing and pitch accent distribution. Evidence from European Portuguese varieties. Poster presented at the 14th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech 2013), Lyon, France, 25-­‐29th August. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Cruz&Frota_Interspeech2013_poster.pdf M. Grice & J. I. Hualde. 2013. Final comments. Talk presented at the 1st Workshop of the project InAPoP, PaPI2013, University of Lisbon, June 27, 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/workshop.html M. Vigário, M. Cruz, P. Oliveira & N. Paulino. 2013. Prosodic phrasing across varieties of European Portuguese: segmental evidence. Talk presented at the 1st Workshop of the project InAPoP, PaPI2013, University of Lisbon, June 27, 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Vigario_Cruz_Oliveira_Paulino_2013_InAPoPWorkshop.pdf P. Toneli, M. Vigário & B. Abaurre. 2013. Focus assignment in complex words with two prosodic words in Brazilian Portuguese. Poster presented at PaPI 2013 – Phonetics and Phonology in Iberia, FLUL, University of Lisbon, Portugal, June 25-­‐26, 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/papi2013/files/posters/poster121.html S. Frota. 2013. Surface and Structure: Transcribing intonation within and across languages. Invited talk presented at the Workshop on Advancing Prosodic Transcription for Spoken Language Science and Technology II, PaPI 2013 – Phonetics and Phonology in Iberia, FLUL, University of Lisbon, Portugal, June 24, 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/WorkshopAdv_Proso_Frota_circulate.pdf S. Frota & M. Cruz. 2013. The Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese (InAPoP) Project. Talk presented at the 1st Workshop of the Project InAPoP, PaPI 2013 – Phonetics and Phonology in Iberia, FLUL, University of Lisbon, Portugal, June 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Frota&Cruz_2013_InAPoPWorkshop.pdf S. Frota & M. Vigário. 2013. The prosodic system of Portuguese: an interim overview. Talk presented at the 1st Workshop of the project InAPoP, PaPI 2013 – Phonetics and Phonology in Iberia, FLUL, University of Lisbon, Portugal, June 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Frota&Vigario_2013_InAPoPWorkshop.pdf M. Cruz. 2012. Are intonational phrasing and pitch accent distribution inter-­‐related? Evidence from European Portuguese varieties. Talk presented at the Fifth European Conference on Tone and Intonation, University of Oxford, UK, September 2012. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Cruz_2012_TIE5.pdf M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2012. Prosodic variation in European Portuguese: issues in prosodic annotation across varieties and speech styles. Workshop on Prosodic Annotation, The University of Ohio, Ohio, April 2012. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Cruz_Frota_Ohio_2012finalV.pdf S. Frota & M. Cruz. 2012. The Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese: two questions on prosodic transcription. Poster presented at the Prosodic Transcription Workshop, satellite workshop of LabPhon 13, Stuttgart, Germany, July 30. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Poster_SF_MC_Prosodic%20Transcription_finalV.pdf S. Frota. 2015. Invited talk to be given in a discussion session on Variação Linguística e Ensino do Português. V SIMELP – Simpósio Mundial de Estudos de Língua Portuguesa. Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy, 8-­‐11 October, 2015. http://simelp.it/node/4 P. Oliveira, P. Palma, N. Barros, B. Neto, M. Cruz & S. Frota. Accepted. Mapping variation in European Portuguese: intonation, phrasing, and rhythm. Talk to be presented at the Esri European User Conference (EUC). Salzburg, Austria, October 2015. Comunicações/Posters em Encontros Científicos Nacionais
C. Rosignoli & F. R. Fernandes-­‐Svartman. 2015. O padrão entoacional das sentenças interrogativas do português brasileiro em fala manipulada. Talk presented at the 63° Seminário do Grupo de Estudos Linguísticos. Universidade de Campinas, São Paulo. http://www.gel.org.br/detalheResumo2015.php?id=3034 J. Silva & S. Frota. 2014. Variação entoacional no Português do Brasil: uma análise fonológica do contorno nuclear em enunciados declarativos e interrogativos. Talk presented at the XXX Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, Universidade do Porto, Porto, October 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/APL_Silva&Frota14.pdf M. Cruz. 2014. Prosodic Variation in European Portuguese: Phrasing, Intonation and Rhythm in central-­‐
southern varieties. PhD Thesis presented at the 15º Quid Novi?, U. Porto, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Cruz2014_QuidNovi.pdf M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2014. Accents on the face? Visual prosody in varieties of Portuguese. Talk presented at the XXX Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, Universidade do Porto, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/APL_Cruz&Frota14.pdf N. Barros & S. Frota. 2014. Fraseamento prosódico em Português: parentéticas e tópicos. Talk presented at the XXX Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, Universidade do Porto, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/APL_Barros_Frota2014.pdf N. Paulino & S. Frota. 2014. Variação prosódica no Português Europeu: análise comparada de fenómenos de sândi vocálico. Talk presented at the XXX Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, Universidade do Porto, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/APL_Paulino&Frota14.pdf P. Oliveira, M. Cruz, P. Palma, B. Neto & S. Frota. 2014. Sistemas SIG e variação dialectal no Português Europeu: métodos geográficos inovadores no mapeamento da prosódia. Poster presented at the EUE2014 -­‐ 12º Encontro de Utilizadores Esri Portugal, Lisbon, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Poster_Oliveira_et_al_EUE2014.pdf P. Oliveira, P. Palma, M. Cruz, B. Neto & S. Frota. 2014. Viagens de Vário pelas melodias do Português. Storytelling presented at the EUE2014 -­‐ 12º Encontro de Utilizadores Esri Portugal, Lisbon, 2014. http://inapop.letras.ulisboa.pt/ V. Crespo-­‐Sendra. 2014. Perceiving incredulity: The role of intonation and facial gestures. Talk presented at Falas no LabFon. Lab. Fonética, U. Lisbon, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/FALAS_LabFon_Crespo.pdf M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2013. O ritmo nas variedades centro-­‐meridionais do Português Europeu. Talk presented at the XXIX Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, Universidade de Coimbra, 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Cruz&Frota_APL_XXIX_2013.pdf M. S. D. Oliveira, F. Fernandes-­‐Svartman & G. Araújo. 2013. A pesquisa sobre África na linguística, Talk presented at the Seminar A pesquisa sobre África na FFLCH/USP, Nov. 18-­‐19, 2013. http://www.fflch.usp.br/da/a-­‐pesquisa-­‐sobre-­‐a-­‐africa-­‐na-­‐fflch/ M. Vigário, P. Oliveira, N. Paulino & M. Cruz. 2013. Onde (ainda[j]) há o fenómeno? Contributo para o estudo da inserção de glide entre vogais centrais. Talk presented at the XXIX Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, Universidade de Coimbra, October. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/APL2013_Vigario_Oliveira_Paulino_Cruz.pdf V. G. Santos & F. Fernandes-­‐Svartman. 2013. O padrão entoacional neutro do português de Guiné-­‐
Bissau: uma comparação com o português brasileiro. Talk presented at the 61º Seminário do Grupo de Estudos Linguísticos do Estado de São Paulo (GEL), July 10-­‐12, 2013. http://www.gel.org.br/ProgramacaoFinal2013.php B. G. Fivela. 2012. Differenze fonologiche e variazione fonetica nella lingua e tra le lingue: alcune riflessioni sugli aspetti intonativi. Invited talk presented at the Conference La variazione linguistica tra literacy e discorso mediatico, Lecce, 16 May, 2012. M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2012. Correlação entre fraseamento prosódico e distribuição de acentos tonais? Evidências da variação no Português Europeu. Talk presented at the XXVIII Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, Universidade do Algarve, Portugal, October 2012. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Cruz&Frota_APL_XXVIII_2012.pdf J. Silva & S. Frota. Accepted. Variação entoacional no Português do Brasil: uma análise fonológica dos acentos pré-­‐nucleares em enunciados declarativos e interrogativos. Talk to be presented at the XXXI Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística. Universidade de Braga, Braga, October 2015. C. RELATÓRIOS
Report of the PhD grant of Joelma Castelo (Process: 094912-­‐4) sent to Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior -­‐ CAPES, Ministério da Educação, Governo Federal do Brasil. June 2015. Report Year 3 of the project InAPoP [PTDC/CLE-­‐LIN/119787/2010] Report Year 2 of the project InAPoP [PTDC/CLE-­‐LIN/119787/2010] Final report of the PhD grant of Marisa Cruz (BD/61463/2009), funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. October 2013. Report Year 1 of the project InAPoP [PTDC/CLE-­‐LIN/119787/2010] D. ORGANIZAÇÃO DE SEMINÁRIOS E CONFERÊNCIAS
nd
ProVar – Workshop on Prosodic Variation. 2 Workshop of the project Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese, University of Lisbon, July 9, 2015. Keynote speaker: Carlos Gussenhoven (Radboud University Nijmegen). http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/ProVar/index.html Workshop Falas no LabFon, Universidade de Lisboa, March 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/FALAS_LABFON_Marco2014.pdf PaPI2013 – Phonetics and Phonology in Iberia, University of Lisbon, June 25-­‐26, 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/papi2013/ 1st Workshop of the project Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese. University of Lisbon, June 27, 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/workshop.html Workshop on ‘Workshop Advancing Prosodic Transcription for Spoken Language Science and Technology II’, Local organizers LabPhon. Lisbon, Portugal. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/papi2013/workshop_prosodic_transcription.html Sam Hellmuth (University of York), Inter-­‐ (and intra-­‐)dialectal variation in the realisation of prosodic boundaries in Arabic. Laboratório de Fonética, Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, December 9, 2013. Project InAPoP-­‐PTDC/CLE-­‐LIN/119787/2010 & BD/61463/2009. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/Conf_SamHellmuth.pdf Workshop Falas no LabFon, Universidade de Lisboa, December 2012. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/FALAS%20NO%20LABFON_Dezembro2012.pdf E. FORMAÇÃO AVANÇADA
Teses de Doutoramento
M. Cruz. 2013. Prosodic variation in EP: phrasing, intonation and rhythm in Central-­‐Southern varieties. PhD dissertation in Linguistics. U. Lisbon (supervisor: Sónia Frota). Dec. 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/MarisaCruz_PhDThesis_2013_V2.pdf J. Castelo. In progress. A entoação dos Enunciados Assertivos e Interrogativos nos Falares das Regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. PhD in Linguistics, U. Lisbon. Supervisor: S. Frota. [Funded by CAPES, Brazil, Grant 094912-­‐4]. N. Barros. In progress. Variação Fonológica no Português: uma análise do fraseamento prosódico. PhD in Linguistics, U. Lisbon. Supervisor: S. Frota, 2015-­‐2018. [PhD FCT: BD/102314/2014]. V. Santos. In progress. Aspectos prosódicos do português de Angola: fraseamento, entoação e ritmo em variedades do Kwanza-­‐Sul. PhD in Philology and Portuguese Language. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. Supervisor: F. R. Fernandes-­‐Svartman, 2015-­‐2018.
Teses de Mestrado
V. Santos. 2015. Aspectos prosódicos do português de Guiné-­‐Bissau: a entoação do contorno neutro. MA in Philology and Portuguese Language. Supervisor: F. R. Fernandes-­‐Svartman. Approved in Feb. 2015 [Funded by FAPESP, São Paulo, Brazil: Process FAPESP 2013/08329-­‐1] http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/santos2015.pdf N. Barros. 2014. Fraseamento prosódico em Português: uma análise entoacional de construções parentéticas e tópicos em duas variedades do Português Europeu. MA in Linguistics. Supervisor: S. Frota. Approved in Dec. 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Barros2014.pdf B. Neto. In progress. O ritmo em variedades insulares do Português Europeu. Master Thesis in progress. Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2015-­‐2017. Supervisor: Sónia Frota. Co-­‐supervisor: Marisa Cruz. N. Paulino. In progress. Variação prosódica no Português Europeu: análise comparada de fenómenos de sândi vocálico. Master Thesis in Progress, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2013-­‐2015 (Registered in 2015). Supervisor: Sónia Frota. P. Oliveira. In progress. Caracterização prosódica da resolução do hiato em variedades do Português Europeu: a Fonologia Prosódica e a Teoria da Optimidade. Master Thesis in Progress. Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2013-­‐2015 (Registered in 2015). Supervisor: Marina Vigário. Outras
J. Castelo. 2015. A entoação dos enunciados declarativos e interrogativos: uma análise fonológica em variedades do Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Talk presented under the PhD project defense. Approved. Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, March, 2015. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/Castelo2015.pdf V. Crespo-­‐Sendra. 2015. Post-­‐Doc within the InAPoP project (2014-­‐2015), funded by FCT, Lab. Fonética, CLUL/FLUL. Supervisor: S. Frota. M. Cruz. In progress. Visual Prosody in Portuguese Spoken and Sign Languages. Supervisor: S. Frota; Co-­‐
supervisor: M. Swerts (U. Tilburg), 2014-­‐2020. [Post-­‐Doc FCT: BPD/94695/2013]. F. MODELOS
N/A G. APLICAÇÕES COMPUTACIONAIS
N/A H. INSTALAÇÕES PILOTO
N/A I. PROTÓTIPOS LABORATORIAIS
N/A J. PATENTES
N/A L - OUTROS
Online Interactive Atlas
S. Frota, P. Oliveira, M. Cruz & M. Vigário. 2015. P_ToBI: tools for the transcription of Portuguese prosody. Lab. Fonética, CLUL/FLUL. ISBN: 978-­‐989-­‐95713-­‐9-­‐6. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/P-­‐ToBI/. S. Frota, M. Cruz (Coords) (2012-­‐2015), Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese Webplatform. ISLRN 596-­‐167-­‐619-­‐923-­‐0. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/. S. Frota, M. Cruz, M. Vigário, P. Oliveira & J. Lourenço. 2012. InAPoP – Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese. Old version of S. Frota & M. Cruz (coords.), 2012-­‐2015, available at http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/ Book Chapters – International
B. G. Fivela, C. Avesani, M. Barone, G. Bocci, C. Crocco, M. D’Imperio, R. Giordano, G. Marotta, M. Savino & P. Sorianello. 2015. Intonational phonology of the regional varieties of Italian. In S. Frota & P. Prieto (eds.), Intonation in Romance, Oxford University Press, pp. 140-­‐197. http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199685332.do E. Delais-­‐Roussarie, B. Post, M. Avanzi, C. Buthke, A. Di Cristo, I. Feldhausen, S.-­‐A. Jun, P. Martin, T. Meisenburg, A. Rialland, R. Sichel-­‐Bazin & H.-­‐Y. Yoo. 2015. Intonational phonology of French: Developing a ToBI system for French. In S. Frota & P. Prieto (eds.), Intonation in Romance. Oxford University Press, pp. 63-­‐100. http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199685332.do P. Prieto, J. Borràs-­‐Comes, T. Cabré, V. Crespo-­‐Sendra, I. Mascaró, P. Roseano, R. Sichel-­‐Bazin & M. M. Vanrell. 2015. Intonational phonology of Catalan and its dialectal varieties. In S. Frota & P. Prieto (eds.), Intonation in Romance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.9-­‐62. http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199685332.do S. Frota & P. Prieto. 2015. Intonation in Romance: systemic similarities and differences. In S. Frota & P. Prieto (eds.), Intonation in Romance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.392-­‐418. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Frota&PrietoOUP.pdf S. Frota, M. Cruz, F. Fernandes-­‐Svartman, G. Collischonn, A. Fonseca, C. Serra, P. Oliveira & M. Vigário. 2015. Intonational variation in Portuguese: European and Brazilian varieties. In S. Frota & P. Prieto (eds.), Intonation in Romance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.235-­‐283. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/intonational_variation_portuguese.pdf M. Armstrong & M. Cruz. 2014. The Intonational Phonology of Peninsular Spanish and European Portuguese. In P. Amaral & A. Carvalho (eds.), Portuguese/Spanish Interfaces. Diachrony, synchrony, and contact. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp.151-­‐174. https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/ihll.1/main S. Frota. 2014. The intonational phonology of European Portuguese. In Sun-­‐Ah Jun (ed.) Prosodic Typology II. Oxford: OUP, pp. 6-­‐42, 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Frota_Intonational_phonology_EP_proofs.pdf C. Gussenhoven, Y. Chen, S. Frota & P. Prieto. 2013. Intonation, in Oxford Bibliographies Online: Linguistics. Ed. Mark Aronoff. New York: OUP. DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780199772810-­‐0072. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Intonation%20-­‐%20Linguistics%20-­‐
%20Oxford%20Bibliographies.pdf M. Vigário. In press. Segmental phenomena and their interactions: Evidence for prosodic organization and the architecture of grammar. In G. Christoph & S. Fischer (eds.), Grammatical interfaces, (Series Manuals of Romance Linguistics). Berlin: De Gruyter, Accepted in Oct. 2014. http://www.degruyter.com/view/product/205013 R. Santos & M. Vigário. In press. Phonology-­‐syntax interface. In L. Wetzels, S. Menuzzi & J. Costa (eds.), The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics. Malden: Willey-­‐Blackwell, Accepted in Jan. 2015. S. Frota & J. Moraes. In press. Intonation in European and Brazilian Portuguese. In L. Wetzels, S. Menuzzi & J. Costa (eds.), The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics. Malden: Willey-­‐Blackwell, Accepted in Dec. 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Frota&MoraesHPL.pdf S. Frota, M. Cruz, N. Matos & M. Vigário. In press. Early Prosodic Development: Emerging intonation and phrasing in European Portuguese. In M. Armstrong, N. Henriksen & M. M. Vanrell (eds.), Intonational grammar in Ibero-­‐Romance: Approaches across linguistic subfields, series Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics. John Benjamins. Accepted in Jan. 2014. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Frota_et_al_EPD.pdf J. Silva & S. Frota. Submitted. The intonation of yes-­‐no questions in Brazilian Portuguese: the rise-­‐fall contour across varieties. In P. Barbosa, C. Paiva & C. Rodrigues (eds.), Studies on Variation and Change in Varieties of Portuguese. John Benjamins. M. Cruz, P. Oliveira, P. Palma, B. Neto & S. Frota. Submitted. Building a prosodic profile of European Portuguese varieties: the challenge of mapping intonation and rhythm. In P. Barbosa, C. Paiva & C. Rodrigues (eds.), Studies on Variation and Change in Varieties of Portuguese. John Benjamins. M. Vigário, P. Oliveira, N. Paulino & M. Cruz. Submitted. Glide insertion to break a hiatus across words in European Portuguese: the role of prosodic, geographic and sociolinguistics factors. In P. Barbosa, C. Paiva & C. Rodrigues (eds.), Studies on Variation and Change in Varieties of Portuguese. John Benjamins. F. R. Fernandes-­‐Svartman, N. Barros, V. dos Santos & J. Castelo. In progress. Intonational phrasing across varieties of Portuguese. Book chapter to be submitted to M. Cruz, P. Oliveira & S. Frota (eds.). In progress. Prosodic variation (with)in languages: Intonation, phrasing and segments. Book proposal to be submitted to the Book Series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology, edited by M. J. Ball & P. van Lieshout, Equinox Publishing. M. Barone & J. Castelo. In progress. High pre-­‐tonic falls in Northeastern Brazilian varieties: may a prenuclear high target spreading rightward re-­‐categorize as a nuclear leading tone? Book chapter to be submitted to M. Cruz, P. Oliveira & S. Frota (eds.). In progress. Prosodic variation (with)in languages: Intonation, phrasing and segments. Book proposal to be submitted to the Book Series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology, edited by M. J. Ball & P. van Lieshout, Equinox Publishing. M. Vigário, N. Paulino & P. Oliveira. In progress. Prosodic variation in European Portuguese: the contribution of vowel sandhi and glide insertion. Book chapter to be submitted to M. Cruz, P. Oliveira & S. Frota (eds.). In progress. Prosodic variation (with)in languages: Intonation, phrasing and segments. Book proposal to be submitted to the Book Series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology, edited by M. J. Ball & P. van Lieshout, Equinox Publishing. S. Frota, P. Oliveira, M. Cruz & M. Vigário. In progress. P-­‐ToBI: tools for the transcription of the Portuguese prosody. Book chapter to be submitted to M. Cruz, P. Oliveira & S. Frota (eds.). In progress. Prosodic variation (with)in languages: Intonation, phrasing and segments. Book proposal to be submitted to the Book Series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology, edited by M. J. Ball & P. van Lieshout, Equinox Publishing. V. Crespo-­‐Sendra, M. Cruz, J. Castelo & S. Frota. In progress. Asking questions across European and Brazilian Portuguese varieties: information-­‐seeking and counterexpectational yes-­‐no questions. Book chapter to be submitted to M. Cruz, P. Oliveira & S. Frota (eds.). In progress. Prosodic variation (with)in languages: Intonation, phrasing and segments. Book proposal to be submitted to the Book Series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology, edited by M. J. Ball & P. van Lieshout, Equinox Publishing. Book Chapters – National
M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2014. Rhythm in central-­‐southern varieties of European Portuguese: production and perception. In A. Moreno, F. Silva, I. Falé, I. Pereira & J. Veloso (org.), Textos Selecionados do XXIX ENAPL. Porto: APL, pp.213-­‐231. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/apl_Cruz&Frota2013.pdf P. Oliveira, N. Paulino, M. Cruz & M. Vigário. 2014. Onde ainda([j])há o fenómeno. Contributo para o estudo da inserção de glide entre vogais entrais. In A. Moreno, F. Silva, I. Falé, I. Pereira & J. Veloso (org.), Textos Selecionados do XXIX ENAPL. Porto: APL, pp.419-­‐436. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Oliveira_et_al2014.pdf M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2013. Correlação entre fraseamento prosódico e distribuição de acentos tonais? Evidências da variação no Português Europeu, in F. Silva, I. Falé & I. Pereira (eds.). XXVIII ENAPL. Textos Selecionados. Lisboa: APL, pp. 325-­‐339, 2013. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Cruz&Frota_APL2013.pdf M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2012. Para a prosódia do foco em variedades do Português Europeu. In A. Costa, C. Flores & N. Alexandre (eds.), Textos Seleccionados do XXVII Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística. Lisboa: Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, pp. 196-­‐216, 2012. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Cruz_Frota_2012.pdf J. Castelo & S. Frota. Submitted. Variação entoacional no Português do Brasil: uma análise fonológica do contorno nuclear em enunciados declarativos e interrogativos. Paper submitted to Textos Selecionados do XXX Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística. N. Paulino & S. Frota. Submitted. Variação Prosódica no Português Europeu: análise comparada de fenómenos de sândi vocálico. Paper submitted to Textos Selecionados do XXX Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística. Proceedings
M. Cruz, M. Swerts & S. Frota. 2015. Variation in tone and gesture within language. In The Scottish Consortium for ICPhS 2015 (Ed.), Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Glasgow, UK: the University of Glasgow. ISBN 978-­‐0-­‐85261-­‐941-­‐4. Paper number 452 retrieved from http://www.icphs2015.info/pdfs/Papers/ICPHS0452.pdf. http://www.icphs2015.info/pdfs/Papers/ICPHS0452.pdf
N. Barros & S. Frota. 2015. Prosodic Phrasing in parentheticals and topics across varieties of European Portuguese. In The Scottish Consortium for ICPhS 2015 (Ed.), Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Glasgow, UK: the University of Glasgow. ISBN 978-­‐0-­‐85261-­‐941-­‐4. Paper number 439 retrieved from http://www.icphs2015.info/pdfs/Papers/ICPHS0439.pdf. http://www.icphs2015.info/pdfs/Papers/ICPHS0439.pdf P. Toneli, M. Vigário & M. B. Abaurre. 2014. Distinguishing emphatic and prosodic word initial stresses: th
evidence from Brazilian Portuguese. In C. Gussenhoven, Y. Chen & D. Dediu (eds.), Proceedings of the 4 International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages, pp.172-­‐176. http://www.isca-­‐speech.org/archive/tal_2014/papers/tl14_172.pdf M. Cruz & S. Frota. 2013. On the relation between intonational phrasing and pitch accent distribution. Evidence from European Portuguese varieties. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech 2013), pp. 300-­‐304. Lyon, France. [ISSN 2308-­‐457X]. http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Cruz_Frota_2013_IS.pdf F. R. Fernandes-­‐Svartman. 2012. Fatores determinantes na atribuição de acentos tonais em sentenças neutras do português brasileiro. In Anais de Resumos do II Congresso Internacional de Lingüística Histórica. São Paulo : Humanitas, v. 1. p. 300-­‐303, 2012. http://cilh.fflch.usp.br/sites/cilh.fflch.usp.br/files/cad_new.pdf Other tools/databases available online [NOT INCLUDED IN SECTION 5; NO APPROPRIATE ENTRY]
S. Frota, M. Cruz & M. Vigário. 2012. RLD – Romance Languages Database. Online database for intonational phrasing in Romance, (updated version, now including data from Northern European Portuguese), 2012. [Not included in section 5; no Online Databases entry.] http://rld.letras.ulisboa.pt/ Connection between the InAPoP project and other projects [NOT INCLUDED IN SECTION 5; NO APPROPRIATE ENTRY]
Descrição Linguística do Espanhol e do Português na Tríplice Fronteira, coordinated by Natália dos Santos Figueiredo. Funded by UNILA (Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana). April 2015-­‐Março 2017. http://unila.edu.br/prppg/agenciasfomento/projetos
Fraseamento prosódico em português: comparações entre as variedades brasileira e africanas (Process: 459634/2014-­‐3), coordinated by Flaviane Fernandes-­‐Svartman. Funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil. December 2014 -­‐ December 2017. IARI – Interactive Atlas of Romance Intonation, coordinated by Pilar Prieto, Joan Borràs-­‐Comes, and Paolo Roseano. 2010-­‐2014. http://prosodia.upf.edu/iari/. 8. Descrição detalhada das actividades desenvolvidas
1. Introduction
A detailed description of the research activities developed within the InAPoP project is
presented in this document. The six planned tasks were at the core of the research activities
developed by the project team, under the broader goal of understanding prosodic variation with
a focus on Portuguese.
(1)
Tasks
1. Data collection and file editing and labeling (Task 1)
2. Interactive web platform (Task 2)
3. Variation in prosodic structure (Task 3)
4. Variation in rhythm (Task 4)
5. Variation in intonation (Task 5)
6. Portuguese within Romance (Task 6)
Task 1 was basic to all the others, as it established the empirical database of the project. Task
2 ensured the implementation of one of the project’s major outputs, the Interactive Atlas of the
Prosody of Portuguese, freely accessed online, which mirrors the project’s goals and delivers to
the larger community of users the project’s results and achievements. The research activities
for the four other tasks were interconnected to achieve an integrated study of the several
aspects relevant to the understanding of prosodic variation within Portuguese and across
(Romance) languages.
The activities specific to each project task are described in section 2. Other activities developed
within the project, such as the organization of workshops and seminars and outreaching
activities are dealt with in section 3. Finally, in section 4 we describe how the project goals were
achieved, and comment on the main outputs of the InAPoP project.
2. Research activities by project task
Task 1. Data collection and file editing and labeling
After consideration of the locations covered by other dialectal studies on European Portuguese
(EP) which have looked into segmental, lexical or syntactic variation (namely ALEPG and
CORDIAL-SIN), the sites for data collection in Portugal were defined. In Brazil, five locations
along the Atlantic coast had already been selected at the application stage. The basis for a
network of contacts with local entities was established to facilitate the recruitment of subjects.
Video and audio equipment, as well as computer facilities, were purchased, set up and tested.
The speech materials that constitute the corpora of the Atlas, of a multitask nature (reading,
discourse completion, conversation and map task), were established. Routines for data preprocessing, including file segmenting, editing and labeling of the collected materials, were
defined and tested.
Following the initial preparatory stage, data collection points for Brazilian Portuguese (BP) were
considerably extended as a result of a network of contacts and collaborations, and also to the
enlargement of the group of Brazilian-base researchers as team members. Thus 7 new locations
were added towards a total of 12. After considerable efforts, in the third year of the project
data collection was finally obtained for varieties of African Portuguese, and a partnership was
established between the InAPoP Project and the Project Fraseamento prosódico em português:
comparações entre as variedades brasileira e africanas (459634/2014-3), coordinated by
Flaviane R. Fernandes-Svartman, a member of the InAPoP research team, and funded by CNPq,
Brazil.
In Figures 1-2, the distribution of data collection points and the current state of data collection
for European Portuguese is presented. 38 locations have been covered out of the total of 40
data collection points planned in the application, which included both urban and rural locations
(2 new locations were later added to the plan, thus totalizing 42 collection points for EP). From
the 42 points, only 4 have not yet been covered (due to collaboration restrictions imposed by
these localities).
Figure 1 – Data collection points for EP: Continent.
Figure 2 – Data collection points for EP in Madeira (left panel) and Azores (right
panel).
Figure 3 shows the 12 data collection points for BP, distributed along the Atlantic coast. Of
these, data collection in 2 points in the northern area is still in progress.
Figure 3 – Data collection points for Brazilian Portuguese.
Four data collection points are currently planned for varieties of African Portuguese, one of
which is already completed, as depicted in Figure 4. Importantly, the collaborations established
for the coverage of varieties of African Portuguese are planned to pursue until 2017.
Figure 4 – Data collection points for African Portuguese.
Presently, the InAPoP’s database for prosody and intonation survey contains data from 291
different speakers (235 for EP, 47 for BP and 9 for African Portuguese). This represents around
800 hours of recorded speech (an average of 2.5 to 3 hours per speaker). A good portion of
these materials (~70% for EP, ~80% for BP and ~60% for African Portuguese) have been
already fully pre-processed (segmented, edited and labeled).
Task 2. Interactive web platform
The InAPoP web platform was adapted and built on the basic platform used for the Catalan
Atlas. This process involved developing a new web design, uploading the structure and
preliminary content of the Portuguese Atlas (materials, prototypical examples, results,
resources) and, crucially, inserting the innovative feature of online production of prosodic
typology maps via a search engine. Besides the preparation of the speech files included in the
platform and respective prosodic analysis, a descriptive database (backoffice) with the relevant
variables of prosodic variation properly coded was created. This database, which is prepared to
be continuously updated, feeds the search engine and the visual display allowing the online
production of prosodic variation maps by request of the user. The mapping of prosodic variation
and the geographical theories and tools behind its implementation results from the collaborative
efforts of the research team members from the areas of Prosody and Geography. Notably,
collaboration was developed so that geographic experts were instructed on basic prosodic
concepts and a team member from the prosody side acquired specialized formation on the
ArcGIS software and geographical tools via advanced courses on GIS.
Presently, the platform supports three interactive viewers (respectively for EP, BP and
Portuguese in Africa), which are feed by the search engine and linked database. Interactive
searchable information with online production of mapping of prosodic variation includes (i) the
dominant intonation patterns per sentence type and speech style, (ii) the dominant phrasing
pattern taking into account features such as syntactic and prosodic branchingness and length,
and (iii) tonal density, for all Portuguese varieties. Besides the interactive interface, the platform
provides updated information on the findings related to variation in the dominant phrasing
pattern according to vocalic and consonantal sandhi phenomena, the dominant phrasing pattern
of utterances with particular syntactic structures, such as topics and parentheticals, as well as
variation in rhythmic patterns (for EP only). Mapping of prosodic characteristics in the islands of
Azores and Madeira can also be found. Importantly, mapping methods have been largely
discussed and tested. A solution was found to map more than one quantitative variable at the
same time, as needed for the representation of rhythmic variation (see Task 4 and Figs. 9-10).
We have also tested the impact of extra-linguistic constraints on the mapping of prosodic
variation, such as accessibility as measured by the road network, in order to provide a more
robust representation of the mapping of prosodic variation (cf. Fig. 5 below).
The mapping figures presented in this report are taken from the InAPoP web platform.
The research developed towards the best mapping methods for representing the different
domains of prosodic variation under study has been presented at several international meetings
(e.g., Esri European User Conference (EUC) 2015 – accepted, ProVar 2015, 1st International
Symposium on Variation in Portuguese 2014), a paper has been submitted as a book chapter
and a paper to be submitted to an international journal is in progress.
The platform also includes the first full-fledged system for the transcription of Portuguese
prosody (P-ToBI), which is supported by a course on Prosody and by training materials on the
transcription of Portuguese prosody (http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/P-ToBI/). A list of
resources on prosodic variation and prosody in general can be found at
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/P-ToBI/references.html and
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/resources.html .
Task 3. Variation in prosodic structure
The investigation of prosodic structure and phrasing preferences focused on intonational
phrasing and prosodically constrained segmental phenomena (vocalic sandhi, glide insertion)
across several EP varieties. Globally, it was found that EP varieties differ in their patterns of
intonational phrasing, with SVO utterances forming two phrases in Northern and CentralSouthern varieties ((S)(VO) pattern) and one single phrase in the standard variety and at the
very south of the country ((SVO) pattern), as depicted in Figure 5. The effect of an extralinguistic factor, such as accessibility, on the mapping is illustrated yielding more natural, and
arguably more precise, delimitation of the regions of variation.
Figure 5 – Dominant phrasing pattern in European Portuguese (continent).
Left panel: simple mapping. Right panel: Accessibility, given by the road network, is
included in the mapping method as an extra-linguistic constraint.
In Central-Southern BP, (SVO) is also the most common phrasing pattern, as well as in GuineaBissau Portuguese. In this region, the (SV)(O) pattern was also attested (Table 1). This pattern
was not found in any other Portuguese variety, although it is found in some Romance
languages, such as Catalan.
(SVO)
Phrasing pattern
86,2%
(S)(VO)
7,8%
(SV)(O)
5,9%
Table 1 – Dominant phrasing pattern in Guinea-Bissau Portuguese.
Research on prosodically constrained segmental phenomena in EP (vocalic and consonantal
sandhi phenomena) also showed patterns of variation, with sandhi phenomena that promote
reduction and/or deletion more prominent in the center and south, and sandhi phenomena that
promote preservation and/or insertion more frequent in the north (e.g., semivocalization is
preferred in the north whereas vowel deletion is the main pattern in the south). Figures 6 and 7
illustrate these findings for vocalic sandhi and a selection of 5 data collection points.
Figure 6 – Vowel Merger, per region and prosodic condition (Within PhP, Between PhP and
Between IP). ArV: Arcos de Valdevez, ViR: Vila Real, CtB: Castelo Branco, Eva: Évora, Alv:
Alvor.
Figure 7 – Semivocalization and Back Vowel Deletion, per region and prosodic condition
(Within PhP, Between PhP and Between IP). ArV: Arcos de Valdevez, ViR: Vila Real, CtB:
Castelo Branco, Eva: Évora, Alv: Alvor.
Importantly, the prosodic structure domains that constrain sandhi seem to be the same across
EP varieties, with variation in the degree and/or choices of application of the different
phenomena. This is seen, for example, in the blocking of vowel sandhi between IP in all the
varieties considered in Figures 6-7.
Besides reduction or deletion, insertion phenomena are also known to characterize some EP
varieties, such as glide insertion, although the prosodic distribution of this phenomenon was
unstudied. Our findings have shown a complex pattern of prosodic factors constraining glide
insertion with different distributions in different (usually northern) varieties, as illustrated in
Figure 8.
Figure 8 – Glide insertion per region and prosodic condition (Inside PW, Across PW within
PWG, Across PWG within PhP, Across PhP, and Across IP). ArV: Arcos de Valdevez, CtL: Castro
Laboreiro, Erm: Ermesinde, Gia: Gião, Nis: Nisa.
The full mapping of prosodically constrained vowel sandhi is the topic of two ongoing MA thesis.
Intonational phrasing preferences were the theme of an MA thesis concluded in 2014, and a
part of a PhD Thesis defended in 2013. Currently, a PhD thesis is being developed on the
phrasing patterns (per branching condition and length condition) for a large set of EP varieties.
Work produced in Task 1 was presented at several international forums (e.g., ProVar Workshop
2015, ICPhS 2015, Workshop on The Prosodic Hierarchy in a Typological Perspective 2014, The
6th International Conference on Tone and Intonation in Europe 2014, The 22nd Manchester
Phonology Meeting 2014, 1st International Symposium on Variation in Portuguese 2014,
INTERSPEECH 2013, 1st Workshop of the project InAPoP 2013, 5th European Conference on
Tone and Intonation 2012), and contributed to papers published in conference proceedings and
book chapters.
Task 4. Variation in rhythm
A sub-corpus of the InAPoP materials is designed for detailed and comparable analysis of
rhythm. This analysis has reached an advanced stage for European Portuguese. The analysis of
rhythm across EP varieties included central-southern and northern regions besides standard EP,
as shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9 – Rhythmic patterns in European Portuguese varieties (continent).
By and large, variation in EP rhythmic patterns suggests an interior-extreme south versus
littoral-Alentejo divide, with the former being more stress-timed and the later more syllabletimed.
Besides the description of the rhythmic patterns found in EP, the challenge of mapping rhythmic
variation has been taken seriously and mapping methods have been tested in order to plot two
quantitative variables at the same time. Statistical analyses (namely regression models) were
conducted in order to find the best equation behind the relation between two rhythmic
variables. This equation is now feeding the geographical software used to map rhythm and
several mapping methods have being tested for robustness, as illustrated in Figure 10.
Figure 10 – Different mapping methods being tested for robustness: IDW (Inverse Distance
Weight), RBF Spline, RBF Spline tension, and RBF Spline multiquadratic.
Together with the analysis of production data, perception experiments were also run with
participants from the standard variety perceiving the rhythm of two central-southern varieties.
It is expected that the perception side will be extended in work in progress. Currently, one MA
thesis is being developed focusing on the rhythmic patterns in the Portuguese islands of Azores
and Madeira. The study of rhythm in central-southern varieties of EP was also a part of a PhD
Thesis defended in 2013.
Several presentations on the topic of rhythm and prominence phenomena were given at
national and international forums (e.g., 4th International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of
Languages 2014, Phonetics and Phonology in Iberia 2013, XXIX
Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística 2013), a book chapter and a
proceedings paper were published, and a research paper has been submitted.
Task 5. Variation in Intonation
Several studies were conducted focusing on the intonation of sentence types and semanticpragmatic distinctions in varieties of EP and BP, and also on Guinea-Bissau Portuguese. For EP
and BP, speech materials from different types of task (reading task, Discourse Completion Task,
map task and interview) have been used.
An illustration of the studies conducted is provided here through the sentence type of yes-no
questions. On the basis of strictly comparable materials and methods, we found much more
variation in yes-no question contours within EP than within BP, with BP presenting a gradual
continuum geographically distributed from north to south (Figures 11 and 12).
Figure 11 – Intonational contours in neutral yes-no questions produced in EP (reading task).
Colours give the area of influence (percentage-based) of a given contour type, whereas stripes
represent the alternative contour type (stripes type) and weight (stripes thickness).
Geographical representation using the Huff model.
Figure 12 – Intonational contours in neutral yes-no questions produced in BP (reading task).
Colours give the area of influence (percentage-based) of a given contour type. Geographical
representation using the IDW method.
Besides the dominant contour for each region, the most frequent alternative contour was also
analyzed and mapped (see stripe patterns in the map representing the distribution of
intonational contours for yes-no questions in EP – Fig. 11).
Variation in the intonation of yes-no questions was systematically studied both in EP and BP,
leading to several communications in international and national conferences, and to a submitted
paper and a paper in progress. The study of Guinea Bissau declarative intonation and its
comparison with BP led to a published journal paper. Detailed studies of both declarative
intonation across BP varieties and interrogative intonation patterns were presented at
conferences and lead to two submitted papers.
Pitch accent distribution and tonal density were also observed and analyzed by sentence type
across Portuguese varieties. BP is characterized by a denser pitch accent distribution than EP
(see Figures 13 and 14). Within BP, pitch accent distribution is sparser in the south. Within EP,
the Standard variety stands out for its low tonal density. In Guinea-Bissau Portuguese, tonal
density was only studied in declaratives produced in a reading task. As shown in Figure 15,
there is a rich pitch accent distribution in this African variety of Portuguese.
Figure 13 – Pitch accent distribution in statements in Brazilian Portuguese. Data obtained by
means of a Discourse Completion Task (from Frota et al. 2015).
Figure 14 – Pitch accent distribution in statements in European Portuguese. Data obtained by
means of a Discourse Completion Task (from Frota et al. 2015).
Figure 15 – Pitch accent distribution in statements produced in Guinea Bissau Portuguese.
Data obtained by means of a Reading Task (from Santos 2014).
Variation in visual prosody that accompanies spoken prosody intonation was also analyzed.
Preliminary results were presented in a poster, and more advanced findings led to two
communications in international conferences (e.g., Phonetics and Phonology in Europe 2015)
and a published proceedings paper (ICPhS 2015).
Intonational variation was studied in a PhD Thesis concluded in 2013 (for EP) and two MA
Thesis concluded in 2014 (EP) and 2015 (GBP). A PhD Thesis on intonational variation in BP is
in progress. A thorough comparison between the intonation of EP (Standard variety) and BP
(Rio do Janeiro) was carried out in a Handbook chapter (in press). The intonational phonology
of EP was described in detail in a book chapter and a detailed study comparing EP and BP
varieties also led to a published book chapter (both by OUP). Several presentations of the work
developed were made at international conferences, and a journal paper is in progress.
Task 6. Portuguese within Romance
The study of prosody in comparable ways across Romance languages was pursued and
accomplished several outputs. A paper on the intonation of Catalan, with a view on other
Romance languages, was published and another was accepted for publication. A comparison
between the intonation of Peninsular Spanish and European Portuguese was published as a
book chapter (John Benjamin’s). How segmental phenomena provide evidence for prosodic
structure across languages, including Portuguese, is the topic of a book chapter in press (De
Gruyter). Romance languages’ data, Portuguese included, was the main source for an accepted
journal paper (Laboratory Phonology) on how to achieve the analysis and transcription of
intonation within and across languages. Perhaps the major collaborative effort, however, to
produce a crosslinguistic/dialectal analysis of prosodic variation within Romance is patent in the
book ‘Intonation in Romance’ published by OUP and edited by the project’s PI and another
project team member. Nine other research team members have participated in the book, which
comprises chapters describing the prosodic systems of nine Romance languages in comparable
terms. The book also includes a final chapter on the typology of prosodic variation across
Romance, authored by the PI and another team member. As an illustration, of this collaborative
achievement, Figure 16 presents a systematic overview of the main contours that characterize
broad focus statements across Romance languages and language varieties. As stated in chapter
11 of the book, their distribution in Europe “shows a central geoprosodic L* L% area with two
discontinuous H+L* L% areas on the Western (Portugal) and the Eastern (Italian peninsula and
Balkans) sides” (p. 400).
Figure 16 - Geographical distribution of nuclear contours of broad focus statements across
Romance languages and varieties in Europe and Latin America. The locations indicated on the
map are those for which data were analyzed, and were taken to represent a set of Voronoi
polygons, each of them marked with the representation of the different contour types
documented (Frota & Prieto 2015, chapter 11).
Within the activities of task 6, the InAPoP team has contributed to the Interactive Atlas of
Romance Intonation (IARI - http://prosodia.upf.edu/iari/). Furthermore, the InAPoP project
established partnerships with two other (Brazilian) projects: Descrição Linguística do Espanhol e
do Português na Tríplice Fronteira, coordinated by Natália Figueiredo (a team member of
InAPoP), and funded by UNILA; and Fraseamento prosódico em português: comparações entre
as variedades brasileira e africanas (Process: 459634/2014-3), coordinated by Flaviane R.
Fernandes-Svartman (also a team member of InAPoP), and funded by CNPq. These
partnerships are implemented through the involvement of some of the InAPoP members in
these projects’ teams and/or by the inclusion of data sets collected and (at least partially)
analyzed by these projects within the InAPoP web platform.
3. Other activities
In this section, we describe other activities, which impact on or result from the project tasks.
Some of these activities were initially planned in the application; others resulted from needs
that arose during the research developed.
(i) 1st Workshop of the Project Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/workshop.html
June 27, 2013
Satellite event of PaPI 2013
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/papi2013/workshops.html
(ii) Workshop on ‘Workshop Advancing Prosodic Transcription for Spoken Language Science and
Technology II’
June 24, 2013
Satellite event of PaPI 2013
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/papi2013/workshop_prosodic_transcription.html
Local organizers LabPhon – InAPoP team. Lisbon, Portugal.
(iii) Seminar by Sam Hellmuth (University of York), Inter- (and intra-)dialectal variation in the
realisation of prosodic boundaries in Arabic. Laboratório de Fonética, Centro de Linguística da
Universidade de Lisboa, December 9, 2013. Project InAPoP-PTDC/CLE-LIN/119787/2010 &
BD/61463/2009.
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/files/Conf_SamHellmuth.pdf
(iv) ProVar – Workshop on Prosodic Variation. 2nd Workshop of the project Interactive Atlas of
the Prosody of Portuguese
University of Lisbon, July 9, 2015.
Keynote speaker: Carlos Gussenhoven (Radboud University Nijmegen).
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/ProVar/index.html
ProVar issued an open call for papers.
14 accepted papers (5 for oral communication + 9 for posters) were presented, plus 5 papers
from the InAPoP’s team.
Participants from 10 different countries attended the workshop (Portugal, Spain, Germany,
Netherlands, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Romania, India, Brazil, USA).
Research on 13 languages and their varieties was presented: Portuguese (EP, BP, PGB), Fala,
Spanish, Galician, Italian, Romanian, English, Dutch, German, Arabic, Bodo, Assamese, S'gaw
Karen.
A book proposal comprising selected papers from ProVar is in progress: Prosodic variation
(with)in languages: Intonation, phrasing and segments. Book proposal to be submitted to the
Book Series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology, edited by M. J. Ball & P. van Lieshout, Equinox
Publishing.
(v) Outreaching activities
Spreading of the project research goals and results for the larger (non-)scientific community
was not only achieved through the interactive web platform, but also through interviews and
news reports featured in printed media.
Pesquisa identifica padrões de entonação do português brasileiro
Agência FAPESP, Brazil
http://agencia.fapesp.br/pesquisa_identifica_padroes_de_entonacao_do_portugues_brasileiro/1
9325/
Pronúncia de Amares em estudo pioneiro. Entrevista da Câmara Municipal de Amares ao grupo
InAPoP
http://www.cm-amares.pt/noticias/pronuncia-de-amares-em-estudo-pioneiro
Newspaper Correio do Minho:
http://www.correiodominho.com/noticias.php?id=77486
News journal Terras do Homem
http://www.terrasdohomem.com/pagina/seccao/15/noticia/13213
Junta de Freguesia de Ponta Garça, São Miguel (Açores), acolhe estudo da Universidade de
Lisboa
https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.266635236832821.1073741943.22896376059996
9&type=3
4. Goals and outputs
The three main goals of the Project were accomplished: (1) the systematic description of the
prosody, intonation and rhythm of European Portuguese varieties, thus extending the
knowledge of the prosody of EP well beyond the variety spoken in Lisbon; (2) the comparison
among dialects and varieties of Portuguese in Europe, Brazil and Africa, and between these and
other Romance languages varieties, contributing to a typological description and the discovery
of possible correlations between types of phenomena and/or trends of variation; (3) a
contribution to phonological theory in the domains of prosody, intonation and rhythm, coming
from systematic analysis of new language varieties and from a close comparison between
related dialects and languages, within well defined and productive empirical approaches and
frameworks of analysis, and leading to a system for the transcription and analysis of Portuguese
prosody (P-ToBI). Achieving these goals implied not only keeping with the initial plan establish
by the six project tasks, but also going beyond it, particularly in what concerns data collection,
pre-processing and analysis, and the development of resources on prosody and prosodic
variation.
1. A systematic description of the prosody, intonation and rhythm of European Portuguese (EP)
varieties was provided, which goes well beyond previous work mainly centered on the variety
spoken in Lisbon. It includes central-southern varieties spoken in Alentejo, Algarve and Castelo
Branco (e.g., Castelo Branco, Nisa, Évora, Castro Verde, Albufeira, Alvor), northern varieties
(e.g., Arcos de Valdevez, Castro Laboreiro, Bragança, Vila Real, Braga, Porto, Gião, Coimbra),
and the islands (Ponta Delgada, Funchal). Our findings indicate that (i) EP varieties differ in
their patterns of intonational phrasing, with most varieties showing an (S)(VO) phrasing pattern
and the Lisbon variety and the varieties in the extreme south a (SVO) pattern; (ii) prosodically
constrained segmental phenomena (vocalic and consonantal sandhi) also display relevant
patterns of variation, with sandhi phenomena that promote reduction and/or deletion more
prominent in the center and south, and sandhi phenomena that promote preservation and/or
insertion more frequent in the North (e.g., semivocalization is preferred in the north whereas
vowel deletion is the main pattern in the south); (iii) variation in EP rhythmic patterns suggests
an interior-extreme south versus littoral-Alentejo divide, with the former being more stresstimed and the later more syllable-timed; (iv) although bitonal nuclear accents prevail across
Portuguese, there is strong variation in the intonational lexicon across EP varieties (which is
particularly evident in yes-no questions); (v) finally, tonal density also distinguished between EP
varieties, with the standard variety (Lisbon) standing out for its low tonal density.
2. The first studies aiming at a comparison among dialects and varieties of Portuguese in
Europe, Brazil and Africa, and between these and other Romance languages varieties were
carried out on the basis of a comparable data and a common methodological approach. Results
have shown that the (SVO) prosodic phrasing pattern, less common in EP varieties and in
Romance languages in general, but characteristic of standard EP, prevails in central-southern
Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and in the African Portuguese of Guinea Bissau (GBP). For intonation,
the main geographic divide is that between EP and BP. BP is characterized by a richer pitch
accent distribution than EP. Within BP, pitch accent distribution is denser in the south. GBP also
displays a dense distribution of pitch accents. Therefore, these varieties of Portuguese are
closer to the main pattern found in Romance, and in particular in the neighboring Spanish and
Catalan, than Standard EP. The intonation of sentence types and semantic-pragmatic
distinctions, studied across EP and BP varieties, revealed much more variation within EP than
within BP: for example, unlike in EP, BP presents a gradual continuum from north to south in
the distribution of the nuclear contours that characterize yes-no questions.
3. The project actively contributed to the collaborative effort to produce a
crosslinguistic/dialectal analysis of prosodic variation within Romance, based on well defined
and productive empirical approaches and frameworks of phonological analysis. The systematic
comparison of similarities and differences in the prosodic and intonation systems across nine
Romance languages and their varieties not only provided a typological description of prosodic
variation, but contributed to the discussion of key aspects of prosodic theory, such as the
number of phrasing levels relevant for intonation, the role played by the domains for the
distribution of pitch events in prosodic typology, or the ways lexical and syntactic marking of
pragmatic meanings impact on the design of intonation systems. A major output on the side of
the current understanding of Portuguese prosody was the development of a full-fledged system
for the analysis and transcription of the prosody of Portuguese (P-ToBI), within the general
framework of autosegmental-metrical phonology.
Last but not least, and as a result of the accomplishment of the project’s milestones, the
Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese web platform, freely available online, comprises a
wealth of data, information, tools and resources on Portuguese prosody and prosody in general,
to be used by the community. The Atlas will be maintained and updated beyond the time-limits
of the current project, and minimally until 2017.
Below we list the main outputs of the project. The outputs fall into four categories: research
facilities, resources for prosody in research, educational, clinical settings and for the general
public, thesis and advanced training positions, and publications. This section concludes with a
comparison between the planned outputs and the outputs actually produced.
Research facilities
Equipment and routines for data collection (audio-visual) and data pre-processing are available
at Laboratório de Fonética (CLUL)
Resources for prosody: tools, databases, other
The following resources were produced either for the research or resulting from the research
developed.
1. S. Frota, M. Cruz (Coords) (2012-2015), Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese
Webplatform. ISLRN 596-167-619-923-0.
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/.
2. S. Frota, P. Oliveira, M. Cruz & M. Vigário. 2015. P_ToBI: tools for the transcription of
Portuguese prosody. Lab. Fonética, CLUL/FLUL. ISBN: 978-989-95713-9-6.
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/InAPoP/P-ToBI/.
3. S. Frota, M. Cruz & M. Vigário. 2012. RLD – Romance Languages Database. Online database
for intonational phrasing in Romance, (updated version, now including data from Northern
European Portuguese). ISBN: 978-989-95713-3-4
http://rld.letras.ulisboa.pt/
Thesis and advanced training
The following thesis were developed within the project by project team members, being
supervised by project team members. Advanced training was also promoted through the
opening of research grants and the support of internships.
Thesis concluded
1. M. Cruz. 2013. Prosodic variation in EP: phrasing, intonation and rhythm in Central-Southern
varieties. PhD dissertation in Linguistics. U. Lisbon (supervisor: Sónia Frota). Dec. 2013.
[Funded by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, BD/61463/2009]
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/MarisaCruz_PhDThesis_2013_V2.pdf
2. V. Santos. 2015. Aspectos prosódicos do português de Guiné-Bissau: a entoação do contorno
neutro. MA in Philology and Portuguese Language. Supervisor: F. R. Fernandes-Svartman. Feb.
2015 [Funded by FAPESP, São Paulo, Brazil: Process FAPESP 2013/08329-1]
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/santos2015.pdf
3. N. Barros. 2014. Fraseamento prosódico em Português: uma análise entoacional de
construções parentéticas e tópicos em duas variedades do Português Europeu. MA in
Linguistics. Supervisor: S. Frota. Dec. 2014.
http://labfon.letras.ulisboa.pt/texts/Barros2014.pdf
Thesis in progress
4. J. Castelo. In progress. A entoação dos Enunciados Assertivos e Interrogativos nos Falares
das Regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. PhD in Linguistics, U. Lisbon. Supervisor: S.
Frota, 2012-2016 [Funded by CAPES, Brazil, Grant 094912-4].
5. N. Barros. In progress. Variação Fonológica no Português: uma análise do fraseamento
prosódico. PhD in Linguistics, U. Lisbon. Supervisor: S. Frota, 2015-2018. [PhD FCT:
BD/102314/2014].
6. V. Santos. In progress. Aspectos prosódicos do português de Angola: fraseamento, entoação
e ritmo em variedades do Kwanza-Sul. PhD in Philology and Portuguese Language. Faculdade
de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. Supervisor: F. R.
Fernandes-Svartman, 2015-2018.
7. B. Neto. In progress. O ritmo em variedades insulares do Português Europeu. Master Thesis.
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2015-2017. Supervisor: Sónia Frota. Co-supervisor: Marisa
Cruz.
8. N. Paulino. In progress. Variação prosódica no Português Europeu: análise comparada de
fenómenos de sândi vocálico. Master Thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2013-2015.
Supervisor: Sónia Frota.
9. P. Oliveira. In progress. Caracterização prosódica da resolução do hiato em variedades do
Português Europeu: a Fonologia Prosódica e a Teoria da Optimidade. Master Thesis.
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2013-2015. Supervisor: Marina Vigário.
Advanced research positions within the project
Nuno Paulino (BIC), (BI)
Pedro Oliveira (BI)
Verònica Crespo-Sendra (BPD)
Advanced research positions associated to the project
Nádia Barros, in progress (PhD FCT: BD/102314/2014)
J. Castelo, in progress (PhD CAPES, Brazil, Grant 094912-4)
Marisa Cruz. In progress. Visual Prosody in Portuguese Spoken and Sign Languages. Supervisor:
S. Frota; Co-supervisor: M. Swerts (U. Tilburg), 2014-2020. [Post-Doc FCT: BPD/94695/2013].
Other advanced training
Two researchers from the InAPoP project (Pedro Oliveira and Nádia Barros) were awarded two
scholarships in the International Summerschool at Kiel University "Tools and Techniques in
Geolinguistics" (http://www.geoling.uni-kiel.de/en ).
Publications and Communications
Books – 1 (Oxford University Press)
Papers in International Journals – 1
Papers in National Journals - 3
Book chapters (international) – 8
Book chapters (national) – 4
Proceedings (international) – 4
Proceedings (national) - 1
Communications in international meetings – 33
e.g., 5th European Conference on Tone and Intonation (TIE), Phonetics and Phonology
in Iberia (PaPI), 4th International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages, ProVar
Workshop, ICPhS, Workshop on The Prosodic Hierarchy in a Typological Perspective,
The 6th International Conference on Tone and Intonation in Europe, The 22nd
Manchester Phonology Meeting, 1st International Symposium on Variation in
Portuguese, INTERSPEECH 2013
Communications in national meetings – 15
Book chapters in press – 4
Papers accepted – 3
Talks accepted/invited – 2
Papers submitted – 1
Book chapters submitted – 5
A comparison between the planned outputs and the outputs actually produced is shown in Fig.
17.
Figure 17. The outputs planned in the application versus the outputs produced.
It can be seen that with one exception in all output categories the outputs produced outnumber
the outputs initially planned. The exception is the papers published in international journals (4
planned, 1 already published). However, two papers have already between accepted for
publication (see the file Full_Output_List.pdf), and one paper is currently in progress.
Therefore, this difference is due to the time needed to have a paper published after the
research is finally concluded, a fact that was underestimated in the initial plan.