Jorge Luis Borges Sejarah Aib
Transcrição
Jorge Luis Borges Sejarah Aib
Jorge Luis Borges Sejarah Aib Title: Sejarah Aib Author: Jorge Luis Borges Format: Paperback Language: Indonesian Pages: 150 Publisher: , 0 ISBN: 9798451546 Format: PDF / Kindle / ePub Size: 8.3 MB Download: allowed Description In his writing, Borges always combined high seriousness with a wicked sense of fun. Here he reveals his delight in re-creating (or making up) colorful stories from the Orient, the Islamic world, and the Wild West, as well as his horrified fascination with knife fights, political and personal betrayal, and bloodthirsty revenge. Spark-ling with the sheer exuberant pleasure of story-telling, this collection marked the emergence of an utterly distinctive literary voice. Insightful reviews Ian Agadada-Davida: "In matters of grave importance, style, not sincerity, is the vital thing." Oscar Wilde Exercises in Style These stories are fascinating exercises in style. They effectively document the development of Borges' style at a time when "he was a shy sort of man who could not bring himself to write short stories, and so amused himself by changing and distorting (sometimes without aesthetic justification) the stories of other men." Matter of Fact As Borges said in an earlier Preface, "the stories are not, nor do they attempt to be, psychological." I assume he meant they weren't concerned with the internal consciousness and motivation of the characters. Borges was primarily concerned with external facts, in effect, what could be witnessed or seen by those present. Only, in relation to writing, an author can help a reader to be vicariously present, and therefore to become a witness to what had been related by the author, or at least the narrator. Good, Compliant Readers Borges isn't interested in sincerity, because that can be faked. Rather, he's interested in fact and factuality (and, ironically, how that can be faked). One might expect that matters of fact would be truthful and undeniable. If you write matter of factly, then the reader will believe you. Borges mentions that reading "is an activity subsequent to writing - more resigned, more civil, more intellectual." It has the benefit of the writing, which necessarily has preceded it. The reader tends to give primacy to the writer, and therefore is both less sceptical and more trusting. However, when the author or narrator decides to play a game with the reader, then the reading can be no more authentic than the writing. An author or narrator can make a reader complicit in their fraud, their forgery of truth. An Impostor Forges His Style These exercises in style, therefore, witness Borges mimicking and constructing styles of fiction and non-fiction that give the appearance of truth, veracity and authenticity. If he fakes the style of non-fiction well enough, we will assume that he is sincere, or at least as sincere as history is capable of. Of course, it's not enough that we believe that what is factual is true. Borges must make us believe that what is not true or factual is true as well. He achieves this by setting his untruths in other people's truths. If he does this seamlessly enough, we won't be able to tell the difference. Borges, therefore, starts even this work as an impostor, or at least as someone who is interested in the methodology of imposture. The Virtues of Unlikeness It's a game, of course. As well as a challenge. Having mastered likeness, the challenge is to embrace the virtues of unlikeness. The more improbable the imposture, the greater the game. How much can Borges get away with? The paradox being that the success of the likeness on the same page might draw attention to and undermine the unlikeness. Still, Borges believes that the dilemma can be overcome with greater, rather than less, audacity: "Bogle knew that a perfect facsimile of the beloved Roger Charles Tichborne was impossible to find; he knew as well that any similarities he might achieve would only underscore certain inevitable differences. He therefore gave up the notion of likeness altogether. He sensed that the vast ineptitude of his pretence would be a convincing proof that there was no fraud, for no fraud would ever have so flagrantly flaunted features that might so easily have convinced." Man on Pink Corner Having eschewed psychology, having forged the appearance of likeness, having melded likeness and unlikeness, Borges was now ready to write "Man on Pink Corner", what seems to be a genuinely fictitious short story (or is it?). Presumably, nothing in fiction need be truly factual, although the author might seek to persuade us that it is. Fiction is, by definition, a pretence. If Borges could master fraud, was he now ready to master pretence? Some guide to Borges' modus operandi is revealed in the first sentence: "Imagine you bringing up Francisco Real that way, out of the clear blue sky, him dead and gone and all." Unlike the earlier stories, there is a first person narrator. The subject is Real, if not necessarily real. He is ostensibly invented out of nothing, brought up out of the clear blue sky. And the inventor is the second person, "you", perhaps the reader, though it could equally be Borges himself or at least "Borges". An Imaginary Primer Our role, the role of the reader, is to be the agent who complies with the instruction implicit in the first word, "imagine". Borges entrusts us to be "more resigned, more civil, more intellectual." We have to be, in order to participate in and enjoy his labyrinthine games of the imagination. Needless to say, Borges is an adept teacher, and this is both his and our first primer. What's remarkable is that we learn to read as we watch him teach himself how to write. Of course, it was only the beginning! SOUNDTRACK: Deborah Conway - "It's Only The Beginning" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxR70... Luciana Darce: Esse mês no Clube do Livro, continuando com nossa viagem de volta ao mundo, paramos na América Latina, mas especificamente na Argentina do incomparável Jorge Luís Borges. Adoro Borges. Dos contistas, ele é um dos meus favoritos – Borges consegue conjugar cotidiano e absurdo e fazer daquilo que temos no dia-a-dia algo a ser visto sempre com novos olhos. É também um autor estilo Barsa, que nos espanta com sua cultura e nos deixa curiosos em buscar suas fontes – o que me faz pensar em Eco e Manguel, dois outros autores que sempre me dão enorme prazer e me forçam a estudar e pesquisar. O História Universal da Infâmia segue essa tradição – embora esteja aquém das obras mais consistentes de Borges. Não é, exatamente, um livro de contos, mas uma coletânea de perfis curiosos e me fez pensar constantemente em um álbum de figurinhas. Meus infames favoritos: Lazarus Morell, que aparece em Life on the Mississippi (que ganhei do Dé no amigo secreto do ano passado), Bogle e o mestre-de-cerimônias Kotsuké no Suké. Lazarus Morell era um empresário de visão. Nos tempos da escravidão nos Estados Unidos, ele e seu bando prometiam liberdade e dinheiro para os escravos dentro de um esquema muito simples: os escravos fugiam de sua fazenda original, se deixavam vender pelo bando de Lazarus que, posteriormente, entregaria o dinheiro dessa venda ao escravo uma vez que ele voltasse a fugir. O mesmo escravo poderia ser vendido e revendido várias vezes até pensar com seus botões que já tinha feito um bom dinheiro, ir atrás de Lazarus para acertar as contas e amanhecer no fundo do rio – o que proporcionava uma excelente campanha de marketing já que vendo que seus companheiros fugidos não voltavam, outros escravos acreditariam na farsa e também se deixariam vender após fugir. Bogle, o companheiro de Tom Castro, é, para mim, o verdadeiro infame do segundo conto, uma vez que grande mentor da troca de identidades. Tom Castro, contudo, merece o prêmio óleo de peroba, porque, vou te contar, pense numa cara de pau você sair por aí depois de preso por identidade falsa a contar todo o esquema, mudando o final a cada vez... A história do mestre-de-cerimônias, por sua vez, é bem pitoresca: por uma falha de protocolo, um grande senhor é morto e seus samurais a princípio, comportam-se como se não se importassem, atraindo assim a desonra. Na verdade, tudo não passava de um estratagema para fazer com que o tal mestre-de-cerimônias culpado baixasse a guarda, de forma que os samurais podem vingar seu senhor e em seguida cometer suicídio ritual para poder segui-lo. Borges viaja por todo o mundo com sua galeria de infames – dos rincões da América Latina aos mares da China, colorindo cada uma dessas passagens com tintas tão fortes que nos sentimos também transportados a cada virada de página. E pensar que está é considerada uma obra menor do gênio argentino... aí você imagina o que é ler uma de suas obras-primas... Shane: I wondered why Borges had regurgitated, in his own interpretation, a rogues’ gallery of historic figures who had met the most inglorious ends. Was this fiction, practice for the fiction to come, or a commissioned set of synopses of these historic villains’ lives? Then I stumbled on a Wikipedia entry that explained that as part of his editorial work at the newspaper Crítica, Borges had written these pieces, some as a cross between non-fictional essays and short stories, and the others as literary forgeries. The short stories not only have beginnings, middles and ends but they also have prefaces and epilogues. His canvas is broad for the subjects range from the gangs of New York to Billy the Kid to the Tichbourne Claimant (I have previously reviewed an entire book on this incident alone), the American Slave Trade, Chinese legends and The Thousand and One Nights. In the literary forgeries, in which Borges takes on the role of translator of these lesser known works, he inserts some important lessons: a) Look for the gold in your own home, not elsewhere b) Don’t open forbidden doors c) Those who wish evil on others will receive it themselves There is one short story which is supposedly his original composition, “Man on Pink Corner,” set in his native Buenos Aires, a clever whodunit, reflecting Borges’s lifelong fascination with the mystery genre. The style in all of the writing is elegant and yet he captures a lot of detail with a very economical selection of words. Given that this short collection of writing is his first, one cannot be too critical and I will look forward to reading more of his work as his art evolved, particularly after he went blind in the late 1950’s and continued to publish well into the 1980’s. The life of a writer, who loses one of his most important senses and continues to stretch our imagination, must be a fascinating one indeed. El Avestruz Liado: Writing a protracted overview turns out an workout of redundancy to me: there are already many reports in english and any spanish talking reader worthy his salt already worships Borges (if now not the case, simply cross and browse him and prevent studying reviews).Suffice to assert that this is often his first work, a compendium of fictional felony chronicle he did for a newspaper. it truly is entertaining, of course: that's the objective of such newspaper sections. the nice benefit of those tales lies now not the -quite generic- content material yet within the ability with which they have been told. speedy examples from the 1st story:1. He will not inform you an individual obtained betrayed, murdered and thrown to the river, no, certainly no. He might say: "[...] Lazarus Morell may supply an indication (which could have been not more than a wink) and the runaway will be free of sight, hearing, touch, daylight, iniquity, time, benefactors, mercy, air, dogs, the universe, hope, sweat–and from himself. A bullet, a low thrust with a blade, a knock at the head, and the turtles and catfish of the Mississippi will be left to maintain the key between themselves."2. The organization of verbs to inanimate objects. in regards to the drag of lime of the Mississippi he writes: "[...] it's a river of mulatto-hued water; greater than 400 million a whole bunch mud, carried through that waters, insult the Gulf of Mexico every one year." So we finish with the paintings of a hugely erudite and greatly witty guy writing a few chronicles to place a few foodstuff on his table. the standard leisure coming from crime narrative merits three stars; the mastery with which it truly is written merits four stars. you furthermore may get a tremendously crafted story for free, so why do not I elevate it to 5 stars? since it ain't a masterpiece and masses much less a masterpiece via the author's standards.Don't fear approximately that either, his subsequent publication gets him out of crime fiction into open fable and entirely new creations. And belief me, issues do get better. How much? Well, his subsequent publication "Fictions" is largely one of many maximum books of all occasions and, relatively likely, on the border of what human brain has imagined. Meanwhile, you'll get anything extra humble here: mundane histories wrapped in global classification prose. now not a foul opener for the menu, or so I believe.Oh well, now's time to take the fingers clear of the keyboard as this evaluate -in whole accordance to what an workout in redundancy should still be- has finally grown means too much. Verbal incontinence, I guess. Paddythemic: a gallery packed with ROGUES (unusual suspects who're sourced within the index) populate this selection of stories; no longer hyper-detailed, yet relatively "zoomed-out" just like the pointed reminiscences of a historian. i'll learn this over and over. totally brilliant.THE merciless REDEEMER LAZARUS MORELL - bad white southern trash con artist. mississippi/slavery.THE inconceivable IMPOSTER TOM CASTRO - vulnerable entry. meh...THE WIDOW CHING - PIRATE chaos at the yellow sea abates unexpectedly.MONK EASTMAN, PURVEYOR OF INIQUITIES unfortunately simply "outlines" the tough's exploits in gangland NYC circa past due 1800's. want this used to be exploded right into a novel. damn, damn, damn....THE DISINTERESTED KILLER invoice HARRIGAN - i swear a few of these shorts think like pitches to movie makers; they've got a TOO CONCISE think approximately them, they usually go away you in need of more. this one maintains the NYC gangland topic and transitions right into a western a los angeles billy the kid. "He was once shaved, sewn into tailored clothes, and flaunted to horror and mockery within the shopwindow of the town's top store."THE UNCIVIL instructor OF courtroom ETIQUETTE KOTSUKE NO SUKE - not anything greater than a recap, really, of the forty seven ronin. awfully brief.HAKIM, THE MASKED DYER OF MERV - tremendous brief detailing a mysterious man's production of an historical faith (complete with cosmogony) at odds with islam. guy ON red nook - brief little tease of something subverts our expectations. western.A THEOLOGIAN IN demise / THE CHAMBER OF STATUES / THE WIZARD THAT used to be MADE to attend / THE reflect OF INK - very brief bits; wizard is the simplest of those parables.side observe - if I ever develop into a personality in a few novel i'll have the ol' cliched "dog-eared copy" of this in my pocket. Ubik 2.0: Bozzetti? Suggestioni.Nel giudicare l. a. “Storia universale dell’infamia” non si può ignorare che il maestro argentino pubblicò questi scritti alla spicciolata su un quotidiano locale, 10 anni prima delle opere di narrativa che gli diedero los angeles fama. Va da sé che attendersi un’opera complessivamente paragonabile a “Finzioni” o “L’Aleph” è un approccio vano oltre che ingeneroso nei confronti di una raccolta che natural presenta chiari elementi già in grado di riverberare il genio dell’autore destinato advert esprimersi ai suoi massimi nella maturità.Fra queste storie, apparente divertissement di un curioso ed originale uomo di grande cultura e molteplici influenze, emergono e quasi esplodono, in modo puntualmente inaspettato, improvvise aperture verso orizzonti di fantasia abbagliante, invenzioni buttate lì in una riga ed in maniera quasi distratta, ma che potrebbero generare ulteriori racconti (se non addirittura romanzi, formato tuttavia non congeniale alla penna di Borges).E quindi ciò che in primo luogo quest’opera lascia nella nostra memoria è sintetizzabile nel termine ampio e vago di “suggestioni”, suggestioni di mondi immaginari e illusori, specchi, destini, incantesimi, soprattutto sogni. 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