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Abstract book Abstract book t book
Abstract book International Meeting 15th-16th April 2016 Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga (Portugal) Organisation: Co-funded by: Supported by: Departamento de História da Universidade do Minho Collaborators: Este trabalho ten o apoio financieiro do Projeto Lab2PT- Laboratório de Paisagens, Património e Territorio – AUR/04509 e da FCT através de fundos nacionais e quando aplicável do cofinanciamento do FEDER, no âmbito dos novos acordos de parceria PT2020 e COMPETE 2020 –POCI-01-0145FEDER-007528. Wood and Charcoal.Approaches from Archaeology, Archaeobotany, Ethnography and History International Meeting 15th-16th April 2016 -Abstract Book- María Martín-Seijo Ana M. S. Bettencourt Braga, 2016 SCIENTIFIC COMITTEE Rubim Manuel Almeida da Silva, CIBIO-InBio, Portugal Eleni Asouti, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom Carlos Barros, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain Raquel Carreras Rivery, WoodExpertID, Cuba Yolanda Carrión, Universitat de València, Spain Isabel Figueiral, INRAP, France Welmoed A. Out, Moesgaard Museum, Denmark ORGANISING COMMITTEE María Martín-Seijo, Post-doctoral Fellow at University of Minho (Braga, Portugal). Researcher funded by a Post-Doc Grant -Plan I2C mod. A- at University de Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Team member of Grupo de Estudos para a Prehistoria do NW Ibérico-GEPN (GI-1534), Landscape, Heritage and Territory Laboratory (Lab2PT) and InBio- Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (Associated Laboratory) / CIBIO–Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources / University of Porto. Ana M.S. Bettencourt, Landscape, Heritage and Territory Laboratory (Lab2PT), Department of History of University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. EXECUTIVE COMISSION Carla Xavier CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT Aléssia Daniela Mendes Barbosa Ana Jéssica Silva Mendonça Katherine Guzenski Tonding João Pedro Silva Editor: Universidade do Minho. Laboratório de Paisagem, Património e Território - Lab2PT ISBN- 978-989-99484-5-7 Printed material Bound book 2 General program April 15th 08:30 09:00 Registration and participant information. Conference Hall at Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade do Minho. Campus de Gualtar, Braga (Portugal) APERTURE Doutor Paulo Cruz: Diretor do Laboratório de Paisagem, Património e Território - Lab2PT Doutora Helena Carvalho: Vice-Diretora do Departamento de História do ICS Doutora Inês Amorim: Diretora da Rede Portuguesa de História Ambiental REPORT(H)A Dr. Manuel João Abrunhosa: Direção da Associação Portuguesa par o Estudo do Quaternário - APEQ Doutor José Meireles: Coordenador do grupo LandS do Lab2PT Session 1: Archaeology and Archaeobotany of Wood CONFERENCES 09:30-10:00 Woodworking and forest transformation in the Early Neolithic site of La Draga (5300-4700 cal BC) Raquel Piqué Huerta 10:00-10:30 A warm goodbye. Firewood selection in Roman cremation rituals in Northern Gaul: an anthracological perspective Koen Deforce 10:30-11:00 Coffee-break SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 11:00-11:15 Hunter-gatherers wood collecting practices: an archaeological case study from the Archaic period in Canada Marie-Annick Prevost 11:15-11:30 Looking at domestic life where wood is no longer there! Ana Cruz 11:30-11:45 The anthracological results from Coro Trasito cave. An approach to high mountain landscapes Laura Obea Gómez, Javier Rey Lanaspa, Ermengol Gassiot Ballbé, Ignacio Clemente Conte, Sara Díaz Bonilla, Manuel Quesada Carrasco, David Garcia Casas, David Rodriguez Anton, Niccolò Mazzucco and Ferran Antolín Tutusaus 11:45-12:00 Use, management and spatial analysis of wood resources in the Iberian oppidum of Puente de Tables (Jaén, Spain) María Oliva Rodríguez-Ariza 12:00-12:15 Arquiteturas e móveis de madeira na II Idade do Ferro em Trás-os-Montes oriental: o sítio da Quinta de Crestelos Javier Larrazabal Galarza 12:15-12:30 Wooden material culture during Bronze and Iron Age in Northwest Iberia: wooden vessels and their skeuomorphs Josefa Rey Castiñeira, María Martín-Seijo, Alba Antía Rodríguez Nóvoa and Ana M.S. Bettencourt 12:30-12:45 Organic geochemistry and archeological woods characterization Mohamed Traoré , Joeri Kaal and Antonio Martínez Cortizas 3 12:45-13:00 Discussion 13:00-15:00 Lunch CONFERENCES 15:00-15:30 Dendroarchaeology and dendroprovenance in the study of shipwrecks Marta Domínguez-Delmás 15:30-16:00 Waterlogged wood from Portuguese submerged and wet archaeological sites: a primer Alexandre Monteiro 16:00-16:30 Woods in archaeonautical maritime and fluvial Portuguese contexts Francisco Alves and Paula Queiroz 16:30-17:00 Coffee-break 17:00-17:15 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS A madeira na mineração e metalurgia romanas auríferas em Portugal Carla Maria Braz Martins 17:15-17:30 Pegar de estaca. As fundações de madeira do edifício Sede do Banco de Portugal em Lisboa Artur Rocha 17:30-18:00 Discussion April 16th Session 2: Wood and Ethnography 09:30 Registration and participant information. Conference Hall at Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade do Minho. Campus de Gualtar, Braga (Portugal). CONFERENCES 10:00-10:30 A tree in landscape. Discourses and practices around the utility of the tree Álvaro Campelo 10:30-11:00 Ethnobotany and wood resources: the case study of Montesinho, Trás-osMontes, Portugal Ana María Carvalho 11:00-11:30 Etnobotânica do sumagre (Rhus coriarii) no Douro transmontano Lois Ladra SHORT-COMMUNICATIONS 11:30-11:45 A propósito da feitura de carvão vegetal no Crastoeiro (Mondim de Basto, Vila Real): notas etnográficas e documentais António Dinis 11:45-12:00 Discussion 12:00-12:15 Coffe-break 12:15-13:00 POSTERS :: SESSION 1 Random gathering or intentional wood selection? Charcoal analysis of pit 16 4 deposit from Perdigões archaeological site Ginevra Coradeschi, Cristina Dias, Fernando Branco, Laura Sadori and Antonio Valera New anthracological analysis of fuel wood from Neolithic site of La Draga (Banyoles, Spain) Anna Franch and Raquel Piqué Vestígios arqueobotânicos dos enchimentos das estruturas em negativo de planta sub-retangular alongada e em forma de “osso” da Pré-história Recente do Interior Alentejano Lídia Baptista and Sérgio Gomes Woodland and Bronze Age burial practices in the NW of Iberia Ana M. S. Bettencourt, Maria Martín-Seijo, Hugo Aluai Sampaio and Francisco Fernandes Wattle hurdles and wooden structures during the Iron Age: positives from clay imprints recovered at Castro de S. Vicente da Chã María Martín-Seijo, João Fonte and Inés L. López-Dóriga Fires in the dark. Burning of grain and human bones in the burial cave of Riocueva (Entrambasaguas, Cantabria) in the 7th-8th centuries Enrique Gutiérrez Cuenca, José Ángel Hierro Gárate, Inés L.López-Dóriga and María Martín-Seijo “Medium-term” deposition? Not so bad: Archaeobotanical studies of Zaballa medieval village (Basque Country, North of Spain) Riccardo Santeramo Maya paleoethnobotany: ancient and modern use of ocote (Pinus spp.) Felipe Trabanino and Aurora Muriente Pastrana POSTERS :: SESSION 2 O uso da madeira na arquitetura popular nas aldeias de Alijó: São Mamede de Ribatua, Amieiro e Franzilhal Pedro Ricardo Coelho de Azevedo Uso de madeira em cestaria tradicional: palha e silva (Cinfães), cana rachada (Marco de Canaveses) e piorna (Baião) Daniela Ferreira, Filipe Vaz and João Machado Registo imaterial da produção de Bengalas de Gestaçô (Baião) Daniela Ferreira and Filipe Vaz 13:00-15:00 Lunch Session 3: Wood and History CONFERENCES 15:00-15:30 Wood and forest during the Middle Ages: interweaving of diverse sources Aline Durand 15:30-16:00 Timber in medieval construction: types and uses Arnaldo Sousa Melo and Maria do Carmo Ribeiro 16:00-16:15 SHORT-COMMUNICATIONS Wood and forest inside medieval mentality Lucía Triviño Guerrero 16:15-16:30 Os recursos de madeira no convento de Vilar de Frades: da construção aos 5 objetos do quotidiano António Pereira 16:30-16:45 Discussion 16:45-17:15 Coffe-break 17:15-17:45 POSTERS :: SESSION 3 Wooden objects and fruits recovered from the first medieval ditch of Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, Spain) Yolanda Porto Tenreiro, Paula Ballesteros Arias, Andrés Teira Brión, Felipe Criado Boado and Dolores Gil Agra A estacaria na construção pós-pombalina - Um caso-de-estudo sobre as madeiras Helena Patrício, Teresa Quilhó, Alexandra Lauw, António Valongo e Helena Pereira 6 Conferences Woodworking and forest transformation in the early Neolithic site of La Draga (5300-4700 cal BC) Raquel Piqué Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Edifici B Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) [email protected] La Draga is a lake dwelling located on the eastern shore of lake Banyoles (Girona, Spain). The site was occupied between 5350 and 4700 cal BC by one of the firsts farmers communities of Northeast of Iberian Peninsula. More than one hundred of wooden objects and near a thousand of piles have been recovered so far at the site. These remains are one of the most impressive collections of wood instruments of the firsts farming societies. Among the most remarkable findings are a variety of wooden instruments related to agricultural work (sickles, digging sticks), domestic activities (containers, combs, spatulas, mixers), woodworking (adze handles), weapons (bows and arrows), as well as other objects of undetermined function. The study of wood remains has been focused on the determination of processes of obtaining, transformation and use of this material. Regarding the production processes the main questions were how the raw material was obtained, what were the techniques used to cut and chip logs and how the final product manufacturing was carried out. Experimental work allowed the testing of hypotheses about the production process of wooden artefacts and their functionality. The study has revealed the selective exploitation of species and anatomical parts providing also new insights on the Neolithic woodworking. According the paleoecological data of the site the intensive use of forest resources had a significant impact on the landscape. Keywords: Neolithic. Wood. Artefacts. Woodworking. Forest Resources. A warm goodbye. Firewood selection in Roman cremation rituals in Northern Gaul: an anthracological perspective Koen Deforce Flanders Heritage Institute, Koning Albert II-laan 19 bus 3, 1210 Brussels & Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Earth and History of Life, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium [email protected] Charcoal assemblages from Roman age cremation graves from northwestern Europe show a low taxonomic diversity and are generally dominated by a single taxon, in most cases oak (Quercus sp.) Another remarkable feature of many Roman cremation graves from northwestern Europe is the occurrence of charcoal from Abies alba, far outside the region of its natural distribution. Recently, also Pinus sylvestris and Taxus baccata charcoal has been found in a Roman age cremation grave, in a region where both species are believed to be absent or at least very scarce in the local vegetation during Roman times. This presentation will give a review of wood use in Roman age cremation northern Gaul by presenting a large dataset of charcoal identifications from Roman cremation graves (>16000 charcoal identifications from >150 cremation graves). Firewood collection strategies for cremation rituals are discussed by comparing the charcoal assemblages from cremation graves with those from domestic refuse contexts. Keywords: Cremation. Wood use. Anthracology. Roman period. 7 Dendroarchaeology and dendroprovenance in the study of shipwrecks Marta Domínguez Delmás Marie Curie Researcher University of Santiago de Compostela, department of Botany Escuela Politécnica Superior, Rúa Benigno Ledo s/n, 27002 Lugo [email protected]; [email protected] Since ancient times up to the mid-19th century, wood was the main raw material used to build ships. Surviving timbers of shipwrecks represent unique archives of past environmental conditions and cultural practices that can be accessed by dendrochronology (i.e. tree-ring research). Dendroarchaeology is a subdiscipline within dendrochronology that studies tree-ring patters in (pre)historic wood to establish the cutting dates of trees, and infer the construction date of artefacts and structures made of wood, as well as the geographical area where the trees grew. Furthermore, in the particular case of shipwrecks, dendroarchaeology combined with species identification can provide information about the selection of trees for specific ship timbers, the conversion of wood, and forest management practices for the production of timber for shipbuilding. However, shipwrecks are the most challenging research objects for dendrochronologists, as ships could have been built with timber from different species and geographical sources, and could have undergone repairs in different shipyards throughout their lifetime. Therefore, the success of the research is closely linked to the design of a sampling strategy appropriate for the wreck assemblage to be investigated, and the research question to be answered. Additionally, the existence of reference chronologies covering the area of origin of the wood and the period in which the trees grew is crucial to establish the date and provenance of the timbers. This paper presents the application of dendrochronology in the study of shipwrecks, illustrating the potential and limitations of this science with examples of research carried out in recent years. The efforts undertaken within the ForSEAdiscovery project to develop a high-resolution tree-ring data network to date and provenance ship timber from Iberian shipwrecks will be presented, and novel alternative methods (strontium isotopes, organic components) to provenance wood from this area will be discussed. Keywords: Dendrochronology. Shipbuilding. Timber supply. Provenance. Oak. Pine. Iberian Peninsula. Waterlogged wood from Portuguese submerged and wet archaeological sites: a primer Alexandre Monteiro IAP-FCSH/UNL Avenida de Berna 26-C 1069-061 Lisboa [email protected] Forest Resources for Iberian Empires: Ecology and Globalization in the Age of Discovery (ForSEAdiscovery) is a large research project funded by the European Union with fourteen participating academic institutions from nine countries. ForSEAdiscovery focusses on the construction of ocean-going ships of the Iberian Empires during the early modern period (1500-1800) and aims to consolidate a research line combining historical research, underwater archaeology, GIS and wood provenance methods (dendrochronology, wood anatomy and geo/dendrochemistry). Tapping into until Portuguese archives and into documentation never before studied or published, the project aims to determine what kind of wood was being used in the naus and galleons construction and how the supply of timber (both local supplies and imported timber) and its dynamic trade networks were organized, effectively producing a snapshot of Portuguese ships, shipyards and forests for nautical use during the period of the Spanish rule of Portugal. 8 As a side aspect, and one that will discussed within this communication, ForSEADiscovery compiles a database of all archaeological sites that have resulted in the discovery of historical waterlogged wood and the outcome of such material vis a vis its analysis and seriation. Keywords: Waterlogged wood. Shipwrecks. Iberian empires. Early Modern Period. Portugal. Woods in archaeonautical maritime and fluvial Portuguese contexts Francisco Alves* and Paula Queiroz** *Instituto de Arqueologia e Paleociências (FCSH-UNL) - **Sociedade de História Natural de Torres Vedras Avenida de Berna 26-C 1069-061 Lisboa - Poligono Industrial do Alto do Ameal, Pav. H02 e H06. 2565-641 Ramalhal (Torres Vedras) [email protected] We present ten of the most important archaeonautical discoveries in Portugal from maritime and fluvial contexts, with national and international special significance, all of them characterized by radiocarbon dating and by paleobotanical identification of their architectural wooden structures – this approach, with the exception of both first two cases – justify the evocation of what was said on this subject by Fernando Oliveira and João Baptista Lavanha (late 16th and early 17th centuries), the two most important authors of Portuguese classical naval architecture. 1 and 2. Two lead stocks of wooden anchors with “wooden soul” from the Berlenga island (Portuguese central-western coast), dated from the late 5th/early 4 th centuries BC. 3. Monoxyle dugout canoe 4 from Lima river, Lanheses, Lugar da Passagem, 4th/2th centuries BC. 4. Monoxyle dugout canoe 5 from Lima river, Lanheses, Lugar da Passagem, 4th/3th centuries BC. 5. Fishing trap from Silvalde beach (northern part known as “Fire training field” beach) with an exceptional stratigraphic sequence covering a period from the 8th/4th centuries BC. to the 10th/11th centuries AD. – the structure itself dated from the 1st/2nd centuries AD. 6. Monoxyle dugout canoe 1 from Lima river, Moreira de Geraz do Lima, 10th/11th centuries AD. 7. Corpo Santo shipwreck, Lisbon riverside 14th century. 8. Ria de Aveiro A shipwreck, mid-15th century. 9. Cais do Sodré shipwreck, Lisbon riverside, mid-15th/mid-16th centuries. 10. Nossa Senhora dos Mártires, indiaman wrecked in the Tagus bar in 1606, when returning from Cochin (presummable identification). Keywords: Maritime and fluvial contexts. Wood. Anchors. Canoes. Fishtraps. Shipwreck. A tree in landscape. Discourses and practices around the utility of the tree Álvaro Campelo Universidade Fernando Pessoa Praça de 9 de Abril 349, Porto [email protected] The relationship between tree and the use of wood is the issue of the sense of each tree in the collective imagination and utility she has in everyday artefacts. There are clear associations between characteristics of each tree and the use of its wood. However, the usefulness of this wood cannot be turned off magic-religious sense that tree are in a community cosmology. The aim in this communication is to relate the use of certain Woods 9 in Northwest, in the artefacts of everyday life, with ethnographic objectives, and the rituals associated with its ownership of human communities. Keywords: Trees and there uses. Artefacts. Rituals and sacred trees. Signification of different woods. Practices and cosmology of central and peripheral trees. Ethnobotany and wood resources: the case study of Montesinho, Trás-os-Montes, Portugal Ana Maria Carvalho Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Scholl of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB). Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal [email protected] Ethnobotanical inventories conducted in the Montesinho Natural Park (PNM) have highlighted dynamic systems of folk botanical and traditional ecological knowledge about community-based strategies of natural resources management and use, particularly wood and scrublands resources. The studied territory corresponds to a protected area of the North-eastern Portuguese region, known as Trás-os-Montes, which is characterized by a diverse mountainous landscape and significant local bio-cultural heritage. Biogeographically in the limit of the Mediterranean and Eurosiberian zones, the PNM have singular geomorphological, climatic and ecological characteristics providing a great diversity of habitats, flora and fauna. Moreover, many vegetation types and plant communities are still similar to the primitive plant cover that dominated the north of the country for thousands years (i.e. deciduous forest domain). Different ethnographic methodologies provided information about the most important and useful woody plants of the PNM and a semi-quantitative approach to document the relative importance (IR index) of each species mentioned. Overall, about 50 woody species from the woodlands or scrublands were reported having been used for different purposes and applications since a long time (e.g. fuel, handicrafts, agricultural technology and equipment, building, furniture and domestic tools, traditional medicine, local gastronomy, fodder, manure, land management, and other). Thirty-eight species were considered important combustible materials. Twenty-two plant species were mentioned to be used for basketry, brooms and plaited artefacts. Among the top ten presenting the highest IR index (which combines the highest citation frequency, number of uses and versatility) are oak-trees, chestnut, narrow-leafed ash, elm, black-alder, walnut, wild cherry and a heather species, so-called “torga”. Keywords: Ethnobotany. Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). Plant uses. Trás-osMontes. Etnobotânica do sumagre (Rhus coriarii) no Douro transmontano Lois Ladra Investigador independente [email protected] O sumagre (Rhus coriarii) é uma planta arbustiva típica dos ecossistemas mediterrânicos, tradicionalmente aproveitada para curtir as peles de diversos animais. Na região portuguesa do Douro transmontano esta planta foi sistematicamente recolhida pelas populações rurais locais até à segunda metade do século XX. Após a sua secagem, as folhas do sumagre eram submetidas a um processo de trituração em atafonas locais movimentadas por tracção animal, com o propósito de obter um pó que era objecto de comercialização, sendo destinado às fábricas de curtumes. 10 Nesta comunicação apresenta-se um resumo da investigação recentemente desenvolvida pelo autor sobre o aproveitamento do sumagre no Douro transmontano, cujos resultados foram partilhados com o público numa monografia específica e através de vários artigos publicados em revistas locais e regionais. Keywords: Etnobotânica. Sumagre. Douro. Curtume. Wood and forest during the Middle Ages: interweaving of diverse sources Aline Durand Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire UMR 6566. Université du Maine Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France [email protected] This communication will try to show how the study of forests and forest management can be carried out in the Middle Ages through various sources that mean anthracological, textual, archaeological and ethnoarchaeological data. The crossing of these different sources enriches research and provides more precise and safe results for a period for which it is difficult to work in a diachronic way and for which we have to work on a time scale much smaller. Through examples relating to the supply of fuel to craft structures, the question of the origin (local or exogenous), of the species (choice or not of particular wood), the caliber (or not) of the wood used to supply these structures is documented. These issues question also the protection or management of forest plantations during this historical period. One of the examples chosen illustrates that it is very easy to develop wrong interpretations in terms of impact on vegetable environment of medieval society and to have a primary reading of anthracological data. The ethnoarchaeological approach allows developing an accurate reading of the same data and proposing a different interpretation. Indeed, 15 or 20 years ago, it was still possible in the Iberian Peninsula and other parts of Europe (Albania, Romania, Slovenia ...), and of course in the Maghreb to observe in rural societies traditional craft production processes and technical operating sequence including supplying fire with wooden fuel. These observations offer the opportunity to renew the interpretation of archeological and anthracological data from craft structures. Keywords: Wood. Firewood. Middle Ages. Anthracology. Archaeology. Ethnoarchaeology. Timber in medieval construction: types and uses Arnaldo Sousa Melo* and Maria do Carmo Ribeiro* * Lab2PT-Universidade do Minho- Instituto de Ciências Sociais. Departamento de Història. Campus de Gualtar. 4710-057 Braga [email protected] A importância da madeira na construção medieval em Portugal foi, sem dúvida, muito relevante, à semelhança do que ocorre noutras regiões da Europa. Todavia, os locais de aprovisionamento, bem como a gestão e uso desse tipo de recurso, constituem temáticas pouco estudadas em Portugal. Na realidade, a escassez dos vestígios materiais sobreviventes dificulta a elaboração de análises físicas e químicas que, entre outros, nos permitiriam documentar o tipo de madeira, bem como a sua proveniência. De igual modo, as fontes escritas nem sempre permitem documentar de forma precisa os locais de origem da madeira, bem como as suas modalidades de obtenção, muito embora possibilitem, de forma mais evidente, analisar algumas questões relativas aos seus usos. Neste sentido um dos objetivos deste trabalho visa identificar alguns dos locais de aprovisionamento de madeira, nomeadamente em sítios periurbanos, regionais mas também através de fluxos inter-regionais e internacionais, nas cidades medievais portuguesas, ilustrando em particular com os casos de algumas cidades do Norte e de Lisboa. Pretende-se igualmente analisar algumas questões relacionadas com os diferentes tipos de 11 madeira e utilizações aplicadas em distintas construções medievais. A utilização deste tipo de material encontra-se diretamente relacionada com os recursos locais e regionais, não invalidando o uso de madeira proveniente de territórios distantes, atestando-se igualmente uma atividade e de transporte relacionada com este tipo de materiais. Paralelamente ao recurso à toponímia, excelente indicador dos locais florestais, as fontes escritas permitem analisar os tipos e locais de origem de madeira, bem como modalidades de aprovisionamento deste material, novo ou reutilizado, bem como fornecem informação acerca dos múltiplos usos da madeira nas cidades medievais. De igual modo, pretende-se analisar os diferentes níveis de influência que a madeira exercia sobre a imagem da paisagem construída, nomeadamente ao nível da imagem, da cor e da estética urbana, bem como da regulamentação com vista à gestão deste recurso. Keywords: Madeira. História da construção. Idade Média. Portugal. 12 Short Communications Hunter-gatherers wood collecting practices: An archaeological case study from the Archaic period in Canada Marie-Annick Prevost University of Toronto 30 Charles street West, apt. 1123, Toronto, Ontario (Canada), M4Y 1R5 [email protected] Archaeological sites occupied seasonally by small groups of hunter-gatherers pose specific methodological questions for the collection and interpretation of plant remains. Charred macro-botanical remains tend to be sparse and, when the local environment is not appropriate for pollen preservation, wood charcoal becomes an invaluable source of information on the local environment and on wood collecting strategies of prehistoric people. Surprisingly, wood charcoal is rarely considered beyond carbon dating on Canadian prehistoric sites. By presenting the case study of the Archaic site of côte Rouge in eastern Canada (5,600-3,500 cal BP), we will demonstrate that the identification of wood charcoal nuanced the picture we had of the local environment, even challenging the conclusions of the botanical macro-remains analysis that suggested that human activities could have caused the opening of the forest canopy. Moreover, we will discuss some methodological issues related to the study of a short occupation in a forested environment. Those issues include the small size of pieces that impeded the recording of some dendrological variables and the risk of contamination of prehistoric archaeological deposits by charcoal from past forest fires and from modern activities. Keywords: Archaeology. Archaeobotany. Eastern North America. Archaic Period. Looking at domestic life where wood is no longer there! Ana Cruz Centro de Pré-História do Instituto Politécnico de Tomar. Campus da Quinta do Contador - Edifício M. Estrada da Serra, 2300-313 Tomar, Portugal [email protected] The Middle Tagus region is located at the centre of Portugal, hydrologically the Middle Tagus is dominated by Tagus hydrographic basin including the three main tributaries, Zêzere, Nabão and Almonda rivers. The region’s geography is characterized by the meeting of three geologic units, Ceno-Mesozoic Edge, Ancient Massive and Tagus-Sado Tertiary basin convergence, favouring special biotypes exploited by various survival strategies. The three-dimensional artefacts record matched the stratigraphic layers (B and C) like the positive and negative structures, clearly seen in situ, allowing us to develop a different scenario that obviously deny the idea of a complete inland desertification at Epipaleolithic period, leaving only the estuarine environments to communities get together. The excavation methodology has allowed us to observe at Amoreira the same stratigraphic unit (layer C) containing two diachronic occupations, on the same contiguous area, represented by negative structures; an Epipaleolithic pit, maybe a fireplace full of charcoal and Holocene macro lythic flakes; another one, representing a row of Neolithic postholes filled with pottery sherds and Holocene macro lithic flakes. At this site there were no taphonomical problems like size effects or artefacts migration, although there were some disturbed sediments by some burrows (reptiles, rats, ants). We stand before a “geological/archaeological synchrony”, e. g., within the same stratigraphical unit - a horizontal layer of alluvial sediments, C – uncovered two diachronic occupations, 13 one represented by an Epipaleolithic charcoal pit, another representing a shelter (postholes) from Middle Neolithic. Palinological studies defined this site as atlantic-mediterranean climate, with typical deciduous Quercus, pine tree, alder, ash, Arbutus and Ericacea, Cistacea, Apiaceae, Plantago, cereals. Keywords: Settlement. Epipaleolithic. Neolithic. Post-holes. Fireplace. Charcoal. The anthracological results from Coro Trasito cave. An approach to high mountain landscapes Laura Obea Gómez*, Javier Rey Lanaspa, Ermengol Gassiot Ballbé, Ignacio Clemente Conte, Sara Díaz Bonilla, Manuel Quesada Carrasco, David Garcia Casas, David Rodriguez Anton, Niccolò Mazzucco, Ferran Antolín Tutusaus *Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Edifici B Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) [email protected] Coro Trasito (Tella-Sin, Huesca) is a cave located at 1548 m.a.s.l. in the central Pyrenees with some evidences of animal husbandry. Since 2011, three survey pits have been dug and two excavation campaigns have been carried out revealing an intense sequence of occupations between the 6th and 2nd millennia BC. Although the investigation is in its firsts steps, the materials recovered allows us a first approach to the use of the cave as well as to the landscape surrounding it. The recovering of macro and micro botanical remains is an important aspect of the excavation process in mountain areas as well as the recovering of soil samples for water flotation. In this communication we present a first approach to the results from the study of the charred wood coming from one survey pit and compared with those recovered in the last digging campaign. These data show the exploitation of firewood over the years in which the cave was occupied and how this activity changed its nearest landscape. Thanks to the remains recovered the last summer during the digging campaign, we can see how this change was more visible in the 2nd millennium BC. The impact of firewood recollection, then, was strong even if it was, as far as it seems, an opportunistic activity carried out next to the cave. On the other hand, some fragments let us think that not only is firewood gathering the activity shown in the anthracological record but also wooden tools and residues of other resources. Obea, L. 2014. El paisaje en el Neolítico, un estudio preliminar de los restos antracologicos de Coro Trasito (Tella-Sin, Huesca), in I. Clemente Conte, E. Gassiot Ballbè, J. Rey Lanaspa (coords.), El Sobrarbe antes del Sobrarbe. Pinceladas de Historia de los Pirineos, Centro de Estudios de Sobrarbe, D.L., 43-54. Clemente Conte, I. 2014. “Cort o Transito”- Coro Trasito - o corral de tránsito: una cueva pastoril del Neolítico Antiguo en el corazón del Sobrarbe, in I. Clemente Conte, E. Gassiot Ballbè, J. Rey Lanaspa (coords.), El Sobrarbe antes del Sobrarbe. Pinceladas de Historia de los Pirineos, Centro de Estudios de Sobrarbe, D.L., 11-32. Keywords: Mountains. Firewood. Anthracology. Landscape. Use, management and spatial analysis of wood resources in the iberian oppidum of Puente de Tables (Jaén, Spain) María Oliva Rodríguez-Ariza Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología Ibérica-Universidad de Jaén. Edf. C6- Campus De Las Lagunillas S/N. 23071 Jaén (Spain) [email protected] The oppidum of Puente Tablas, excavated since 1985 by a team from the University of Jaen, 14 has revealed the existence of complex planning with different functional area: gate, sanctuary, palace and neighborhood houses. Conducting a systematic sampling flotation allowed us to get a significant number of charcoals and perform a spatial charcoal analysis of the results. Also, the contrast of these results allows us to begin to see the different uses that certain woody species had and begin calibrating the management of wood resources of this population of the Iron Age. Keywords: Iberian Period. Charcoal Analysis. Management. South of the Iberian Peninsula. Wood Arquiteturas e móveis de madeira na II Idade do Ferro em Trás-os-Montes Oriental: O sítio da Quinta de Crestelos Javier Larrazabal Galarza Bolseiro de Doutoramento FCT (SFRH/BD/109294/2015) Lab2PT-Universidade do Minho- Instituto de Ciências Sociais. Campus de Gualtar. 4710-057 Braga [email protected] As escavações realizadas entre os anos 2011 e 2014 na Quinta de Crestelos (Mogadouro, Portugal), têm documentado um excepcional sítio arqueológico provido de uma dilatada diacronia de ocupação que se estende desde a Pré-História Recente até o presente. Durante a II Idade do Ferro, na área inferior de um pequeno morro localizado junto ao rio Sabor, foram instaladas várias estruturas domésticas e funcionais edificadas em pedra e, principalmente, terra e madeira, como se infere da descoberta de numerosos buracos de poste e abundantes fragmentos de revestimentos de argila com impressões de madeiras. Keywords: Trás-os-Montes. Quinta de Crestelos. II Idade do Ferro. Arquiteturas térreas. Mobiliário. Revestimentos argilosos. Wooden material culture during Bronze and Iron Age in Northwest Iberia: wooden vessels and their skeuomorphs Josefa Rey Castiñeira*, María Martín-Seijo, Alba Antía Rodríguez Nóvoa, Ana M.S. Bettencourt *GEPN-Grupo de Estudos para a Prehistoria do NW Ibérico. Departamento de Historia I. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Praza da Universidade s/n. 15782 Santiago de Compostela [email protected] Wood was used in many different ways in the day-to-day life of the Bronze and Iron Age communities of North-western Iberia, although the perishable nature of this material frequently avoids the preservation of wooden material culture archaeological contexts. Until this moment several examples of wooden vessels and other objects have been recovered from Bronze and Iron Age sites preserved by accidentally or intentionally charring. In this research we will approach to this wooden material culture using skeuomorphs, which are copies of prototype artifacts replicated in different physical materials (Blitz 2015). Blitz, J.H. 2015. Skeuomorphs, pottery and technological change, American Anthropologist 117 (4): 665-678. Keywords: Wooden material culture. Wooden vessels. Skeuomorphs. Iron Age. NW Iberia. 15 Organic geochemistry and archeological woods characterization Mohamed Traoré* , Joeri Kaal, Antonio Martínez Cortizas *Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Sur s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain [email protected] Archeologists, historians and other experimental scientists can collaborate in an interdisciplinary framework in the study of archeological woods. The aim of this contribution is to provide an understanding on how the chemical characterization of archaeological wood artifacts may be of application in archeological/historical investigations, because it can provide information on the type of wood (genus and species), source area (provenance) and diagenetic transformations due to burial and storage in different environments. Here, we focus on the organic chemical composition of archeological woods as characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). Both are techniques widely used for wood characterization. Considering the limited availability and the value of the archeological samples, the use of these non-destructive (FTIR-ATR) or limited sample requirements (< 1 mg, Py-GC-MS) techniques, provides an opportunity to generate data with minimum or no sample processing. We studied three archeological timbers, two from shipwrecks (Ribadeo and Magdalena) and one from a building (Cathedral of Segovia). Depending on the conditions of the places where they were located, lignins and polysaccharides underwent specific diagenetic reactions that altered the physical and chemical properties of the wood. For example, the dominant anoxic (underwater) conditions prevailing for shipwrecks stimulated the hydrolysis of polysaccharide compounds while lignin was relatively preserved, leading to a depletion of the carbohydrates. On the other hand, the aerated (oxidizing) conditions to which the beam wood was subjected resulted in a decrease in lignin content, which is known to be more sensitive to oxidative degradation. These techniques provide opportunities for provenance studies of archeological wood after cross-comparison with the information obtained by archeologists and historians. Traoré, M., Kaal, J., Martínez Cortizas, A. 2016. Application of FTIR spectroscopy to the characterization of archeological wood, Spectrochim. Acta A-M. 153, 63-70. Colombini, M.P., Lucejko, J.J., Modugno, F., Orlandi, M., Tolppab, E.L., Zoia, L. 2009. A multianalytical study of degradation of lignin in archaeological waterlogged wood, Talanta 80: 61-70. Colombini, M.P., Orlandi, M., Modugno, F., Tolppa, E.L., Sardelli, M., Zoia, L., Crestini, C. 2007. Archaeological wood characterization by PY/GC/MS, GC/MS, NMR and GPC techniques, Microchem Journal 85: 164-173. Wilson, A.W., Godfrey, I.M., Hanna, J.V., Quezada, R.A., Finnie, K.S. 1993. The degradation of wood in old Indian Ocean shipwrecks, Organic Geochemistry 20: 599-610. Borgin, B.K., Faix, O., Schweers, W. 1975. The effect of aging on lignins of wood, Wood Science Technology 9: 207-211. Keywords: Biomass. Diagenesis. Spectra. Pyrolysate. Shipwreck. Timber. Provenance. A madeira na mineração e metalurgia romanas auríferas em Portugal Carla Maria Braz Martins External collaborator of the Engineering Faculty of the Oporto University (Chemistry Department). Lab2PT-Universidade do Minho- Instituto de Ciências Sociais . Campus de Gualtar. 4710-057 Braga [email protected] A madeira foi uma matéria-prima importante para a exploração mineira e metalurgia do período romano, embora as suas evidências arqueológicas no actual território português sejam escassas, atendendo ao material perecível que é. A mineração consubstanciada na 16 exploração subterrânea apresenta bastantes constrangimentos, particularmente ao nível da segurança, e daí a necessidade de usar escoramentos de madeira em galerias e poços. Este árduo trabalho obriga o mineiro a munir-se de todo um conjunto de instrumentos de ferro encabados por madeira. O evoluir dos trabalhos, por norma através de vários níveis de profundidade, impõe também a necessidade de utilização desta matéria-prima em escadas, assim como em máquinas elevatórias para extracção da água quando se atingem os lençóis freáticos. No tratamento do minério, este material continua também a ser imprescindível, como o descrito por Agrícola para as instalações de separação gravítica. No âmbito do processo metalúrgico, a madeira era a fonte de combustível dos fornos. Não sendo, obviamente, a condição única em todo este processo industrial, a madeira assume-se inequivocamente como uma infra-estrutura (vastas áreas florestadas) importante na exploração mineira “proto-industrial” romana. As evidências deste material registado pela historiografia aparecem, como exemplo, nas dez rodas em madeira de azinho com os respectivos baldes para escoamento de águas nas minas de S. Domingos, Beja, e cujos originais estão actualmente desaparecidos, e os demais achados estudados provêm das minas dos Mouros e Três Minas em Vila Pouca de Aguiar, e mina de Aljustrel, Beja. Os diferentes tipos de madeira, carvalho, castanho ou azinho, articulam-se com a existência da matériaprima em cada um dos locais. Keywords: Madeira. Mineração. Metalurgia. Ouro. Romanização. Pegar de estaca. As fundações de madeira do edifício Sede do Banco de Portugal em Lisboa Artur Rocha Arqueohoje, Conservação e Restauro do Património Monumental, Lda. Rua Escola, Lote 9, Loja 2 – Br. Sta. Eulália. 3500-682 Viseu, Portugal [email protected] Apesar do lugar de destaque ganho no imaginário da reconstrução de Lisboa após o terramoto de 1755, as fundações de madeira dos edifícios pombalinos continuam a ser um objecto relativamente desconhecido, um ícone indelevelmente associado à paisagem da Baixa mas invisível à maior parte daqueles que por ela passam. Num cenário onde são escassos os exemplares visíveis ao grande público, a escavação arqueológica da Sede do Banco de Portugal foi uma rara oportunidade de descobrir e estudar um conjunto significativo desta estacaria. Esta comunicação abordará os traços fundamentais da estacaria enquanto elemento funcional e simbólico, refletindo sobre a sua origem e sobre a sua aplicação na cidade de Lisboa. Keywords: Estacaria. Pombalino. Lisboa. Banco de Portugal. A propósito da feitura de carvão vegetal no Crastoeiro (Mondim de Basto, Vila Real): notas etnográficas e documentais António Dinis Lab2PT-Universidade do Minho Campus de Gualtar. 4710-057 Braga [email protected] Desde 1985, data da realização das primeiras sondagens no Crastoeiro, multiplicaram-se as evidências da feitura de carvão vegetal neste sítio arqueológico, localizado na meia encosta do Monte Farinha, no concelho de Mondim de Basto (Vila Real). Integrado numa mancha florestal de considerável dimensão, o local seria escolhido pela proximidade aos recursos vegetais e à aldeia de Campos, de onde eram originários os principais carvoeiros que aí laboravam, pela topografia aplanada e existência de espaços despidos de vegetação, que contribuíam para reduzir o risco de incêndio e pela proliferação de batólitos graníticos que serviam de barreira visual, ajudando a camuflar aquelas atividades ilegais. 17 A necessidade de entender a estratigrafia arqueológica perturbada pela abertura de covachos para a queima das madeiras, motivou a recolha de testemunhos etnográficos e conduziu-nos à pesquisa documental, daí resultando um conjunto significativo de dados que entendemos ser oportuno partilhar neste meeting internacional dedicado à madeira e ao carvão. Keywords: Carvão vegetal. Etnografia. Documentação. Crastoeiro. Mondim de Basto. Os recursos de madeira no convento de Vilar de Frades: da construção aos objetos do quotidiano António Pereira Bolseiro de Doutoramento FCT (SFRH/BD/110434/2015) Lab2PT-Universidade do Minho. Instituto de Ciências Sociais. Campus de Gualtar. 4710-057 Braga [email protected] O Convento de S. Salvador de Vilar de Frades, localizado no concelho de Barcelos (Norte de Portugal), possui uma ocupação monástica atestada desde o século XI. Classificado como monumento nacional em 1910, trata-se de um complexo monásticoconventual que abrange uma sequência construtiva que se desenvolve paulatinamente desde o românico até ao neoclássico. Em resultado das diferentes fases construtivas, a edificação atual integra um conjunto diversificado de materiais e matérias-primas aplicadas de acordo com diferentes técnicas construtivas. Dos diversos espaços que compõem este complexo arquitetónico, a igreja e os claustros constituem-se locais privilegiados na análise dos recursos madeireiros. De facto, estes constituem o grupo de materiais perecíveis de maior expressão. Apesar do grande impacto da madeira na construção monástica, na verdade verificamos que a sua utilização é bastante transversal. Aplicando-se quer na construção quer na produção de objetos do quotidiano como o mobiliário. A presente comunicação tem por objetivo analisar a forma como os recursos madeireiros estão presentes em Vilar de Frades, seja ao nível da sua utilização e gestão na construção, seja da sua presença na articulação existente entre o edificado e o mobiliário. Pretende-se igualmente, levantar algumas hipóteses relativamente aos diferentes tipos de madeira utilizada, bem como os locais de captação ou proveniência. A concretização dos nossos objetivos baseia-se numa abordagem metodológica que privilegia o conjunto de diferentes tipos de fontes, nomeadamente o edificado conservado e os dados decorrentes da análise de fontes documentais. Keywords: Arqueologia. Construção. Mosteiros. Conventos. Madeira. Wood and forest inside medieval mentality Lucía Triviño Guerrero Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Av. Séneca, 2. 28040. Madrid. [email protected] While trying to restore the unconstructed medieval landscape in western Europe, our mind imagines land covered by forests. Is this preconceived idea real? The importance of wood in medieval daily life and economy was undeniable: constructions, tools, equipment and heat source, transport… Wood, along with metal and stone, was one of the most important materials used in western Middle Ages. However, its importance did not only rest in its functionality but in its special symbolism in areas of cult. Unlike metal and stone, wood was considered a living matter as it lives, suffers from diseases and deteriorates. This conception would be reinforced with the inclusion of the vegetal kingdom inside a group of animated beings by giving to its members an inner system composed by veins without pulse, where sap would flow, as in an human body. If this material has such a representative symbolism, which would have been the conception upon the major wood container, the forest? Same happens with wood, the forest has an 18 intrinsic duality composed by a feeling of both fear and worship. Its important role among pagan beliefs turned it into a usual dwell of ancient traditions that stayed alive in literature, folklore and popular knowledge. Woods were conceived as a paradigm of the Otherness where the human being could be free from all strict standards of the civilized world. The aim of this proposal is to reveal the role of wood and forest inside medieval mentality, proving this to be a continuation of ancient beliefs and traditions masked on an already Christianized Europe. Keywords: Middle Ages. Wood. Forest. Mentalities. Ancient beliefs. 19 20 Posters Random gathering or intentional wood selection? Charcoal analysis of pit 16 deposit from Perdigões archaeological site Ginevra Coradeschi*, Cristina Dias, Fernando Branco, Laura Sadori, Antonio Valera *Laboratório HERCULES, Universidade de Évora. Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809 Évora Portugal [email protected] The large ditched enclosure of Perdigões is located in the Reguengos de Monsaraz municipal-ity, Evora district, in southern Portugal. Several funerary features have been discovered since 1997 and radiocarbon dated to the second half of the 4th millennium BC and the 3rd millen-nium BC. A variety of burial features and body manipulation practices have been docu-mented (Valera et al. 2014). A pit (16) was identified in the central area of the site, containing remains of human cremations, which formed a conical deposit. The remains of at least 9 individuals (6 adults and 3 sub-adults) were mixed with other burnt artefacts (faunal remains, fragments of pottery, ivory idols and arrowheads) as well as a large number of charcoal fragments, deposited in a dark grey sediment with abundant ash. This particular burial context has been dated to the middle of the 3rd millennium BC and is interpreted as a secondary deposition – a practice that has also been witnessed in other contexts in the central area of the Perdigões enclosure. This exceptional collective cremation represents an unprecedented funerary context amongst Iberian Chalcolithic burial practices. Furthermore, it is an example of the diversity of mortuary practices in use by Chalcolithic populations (Silva et al. 2015). Anthracological analysis of charcoal collected from the pit 16 was undertaken in order to obtain more information on the funerary context, as well as better understand whether the selection of the wood taxa was intentional, and thus dictated by the funerary ritual, or more simply linked to the availability in the natural environment. Moreover, this charcoal analysis will also provide additional paleocological informations to the past palynological analysis (Danielsen and Mendes 2013) together with the ongoing analysis of the macroremains collected from a different area of the Perdigões enclosure. Valera, A.C., Silva, A.M., Cunha, C., Evangelista, L.S. 2014. Funerary practices and body manipulations at Neolithic and Chalcolithic Perdigões ditched enclosures (South Portugal), in A.C.Valera (ed.), Recent Prehistoric Enclosures and Funerary Practices. BAR International Series 2676, Oxford: Archaeopress, 37-57. Silva, A.M., Leandro, L., Pereira, D., Costa, C., Valera, A.C. 2014. Collective secondary cremation in a pit grave: a unique funerary context in portuguese Chalcolithic burial practices, HOMO - Journal of Comparative Human Biology 66: 1-14. Danielsen, R., Mendes, P. 2013. Paleoenvironmental assessment of two archaeological sediments from Perdigões, Alentejo Region, Portugal, Apontamentos de Arqueologia e Património NIA-ERA 9: 13-20. Keywords: Charcoal analysis. Iberian Chalcolithic. Secondary deposition. Cremation remains. New anthracological analysis of fuel wood from Neolithic site of La Draga (Banyoles, Spain) Anna Franch*, Raquel Piqué *Laboratori d'Arqueobotànica. Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Edifici B, 08193 21 Bellaterra. [email protected] La Draga (Banyoles, Spain) is an outdoor site, located on the east of Banyoles lake, dated around the last quarter of the sixth millennium cal BC. Recent research at the Neolithic site has provided new archaeobotanical materials. We present the preliminary studies of charcoal analyzes, extracted from the expansion of sector A, excavated in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The study of the anthracological remains consisted on a taxonomical analysis, study of the growth-ring curvature and the analysis of the alterations. The charcoals were collected during the sieving with water (0.2 and 0.5 mm mesh). It was carried out a sampling in the laboratory we study a maximum of 30 charcoals fragments for square meter and level, to represent their diversity. 7 taxa have been identified, which include Quercus sp. deciduous, Laurus nobilis and Buxus sempervirens. Keywords: Archaeology. Anthracology. Neolithic. Holocene. La Draga. Iberian peninsula. Vestígios arqueobotânicos dos enchimentos das estruturas em negativo de planta subretangular alongada e em forma de “osso” da Pré-história Recente do Interior Alentejano Lídia Baptista*, Sérgio Gomes *Arqueologia e Património Lda; Centro de Estudos em Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património (CEAACP) Rua do Chouso, 434. 4455-804 Santa Cruz do Bispo, Matosinhos [email protected] Nas estações da Pré-história Recente do Baixo Alentejo têm sido identificadas um conjunto de estruturas em negativo de planta sub-retangular alongada e em forma de “osso”. Em termos espaciais, podemos reconhecer três modalidades no modo como aparecem estas estruturas: i) de modo, aparentemente, “isolado”; ii) em áreas de concentração de estruturas em negativo de diferente morfologia; iii) e, por último, de modo concentrado e organizadas em bandas que delimitam uma unidade espacial de planta poligonal. A sequência de enchimento desta estruturas é, frequentemente, constituída por um único depósito que, pontualmente, pode embalar uma componente artefactual pouco expressiva. Porém, existem dois casos em que os seus enchimentos são mais complexos: i) apresentando contextos que se singularizam pela presença de elementos faunísticos; ii) e níveis de enchimento que apresentam vestígios arqueobotânicos, que sugerem a eventual associação destas estruturas em negativo a construções em madeira. Neste poster centraremos a análise neste último caso, apresentando o modo como os vestígios de construção em madeira se encontram articulados com os restantes elementos que compõem o enchimento das estruturas. Keywords: Estruturas em negativo. Vestígios arqueobotânicos. Pré-história Recente. Baixo Alentejo. Woodland and Bronze Age burial practices in the NW of Iberia Ana M. S. Bettencourt*, Maria Martín-Seijo, Hugo Aluai Sampaio and Francisco Fernandes * Lab2PT-Universidade do Minho- Instituto de Ciências Sociais. Departamento de Història. Campus de Gualtar, . 4710-057 Braga [email protected] Since the Neolithic wood and other woodland resources have been used in ceremonies related to funerary practices in Northwest of Iberia. Examples of these practices may include hearths under the tumulus of megalithic monuments or the use of resins as bindings in the paint preparations used in the orthostats from chambers and corridors of these monuments. During the Bronze Age there are several and diverse evidences of the use of woodland resources in funerary practices, although linked with different contexts. These are materialized by: hearths identified under the covering slab of cists; hearths identified in 22 necropolis areas; remains of fireplaces included in the tumulus of megalithic monuments; construction of sarcophagi; probable individual cremations; crematory pyres; etc. The archaeological and anthracological study of these practices allows the understanding of some social and symbolic aspects, so as infer the interrelation between the communities with the surrounding environment and their technological skills. In this sense, it is pretended to essay a synthesis about the role of anthracology and its contribution to increase our knowledge about the funerary world during the Bronze Age in the NW of Iberia. Keywords: Iberian Northwest. Bronze Age. Funerary practices. Archaeology. Anthracology. Wattle hurdles and wooden structures during the Iron Age: positives from clay imprints recovered at Castro de S. Vicente da Chã (Montalegre, Northern Portugal) María Martín-Seijo*, João Fonte, Inés L. López-Dóriga *GEPN-Grupo de Estudos para a Prehistoria do NW Ibérico. Departamento de Historia I. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Praza da Universidade s/n. 15782 Santiago de Compostela [email protected] Wattle hurdles and structures made of wood were frequent and commonly covered with clay at Iron Age sites of Northwest Iberia. The perishable nature of wood has conditioned the preservation of indirect evidences of such fences and structures. Several clay fragments with branch and trunk imprints recovered at the site of Castro de S. Vicente da Chã (Montalegre, Northern Portugal) have been studies. The negative imprints in clay have been measured and optically examined. Silicone forms have been obtained to study the positives of those perishable materials. This site was object of rescue excavations in the 1960s of the 20th century by J. R. dos Santos Junior, Agostinho Isidoro and Osvaldo Freire due to the construction of the Alto Rabagão dam, financed by the former Empresa Hidro Eléctrica do Cávado. Freire, O. 1968. O castro de S. Vicente da Chã (Montalegre). Campanhas de escavações de 1965 e 1966. Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia 20 (3-4): 368-375. Santos Júnior, J.R., Isidoro, A. 1963. Escavações no Castro de S. Vicente da Chã (Barroso). Trabalhos de Antropologia E Etnologia 19 (2): 178-186. Santos Júnior, J.R., Freire, O. 1964. O Castro de S. Vicente da Chã (Barroso). Campanha de escavações de 1964. Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia, 19 (3-4): 336-371. Keywords: Wattle hurdle. Wooden structures. Building. Iron Age. Coppicing. Fires in the dark. Burning of grain and human bones in the burial cave of Riocueva (Entrambasaguas, Cantabria) in the 7th-8th centuries Enrique Gutiérrez Cuenca*, José Ángel Hierro Gárate, Inés López López-Dóriga, María Martín Seijo *Proyecto Mauranus. C/ Eulogio Fernández Barros 7, 3º A, 39600, Maliaño, Cantabria (Spain) [email protected] The cave of Riocueva was used as a burial place sometime in the 7th-8th centuries. Archaeological work carried out between 2010 and 2014 has allowed the recovery of the remains of at least six young individuals and many objects associated to them: glass beads, rings, spindle hooks, knives, pot sherds… As it happens in another burial caves from these times known in Cantabria, rituals linked to the corpses have been detected. The destruction and burning of the skulls is the most stunning of them. However, burning grain beside the bodies, a custom forbidden by medieval penance books, has also been suggested as a possible practice. The results of the wood and charcoal analysis carried out on samples from 23 the site are presented in this work: they are charcoal fragments connected to the burnings, and also to the remains of other combustion structures. Keywords: Cave. Cantabria. Burial. Visigothic. Burning. Grain. Charcoal. “Medium-term” deposition? Not so bad: Archaeobotanical studies of Zaballa medieval village (Basque Country, North of Spain) Riccardo Santeramo University of the Basque Country, Department of Geography, Prehistory and Archaeology C/Tomás y Valiente s/n, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain) [email protected] The poster illustrates the results of the anthracological studies carried out in Zaballa site (6th-16th centuries), a deserted rural medieval village, situated in the south-west border of the Alava plain (Basque Country, north-west Spain) investigated by the Heritage and Cultural Landscape Research Group. Given the long-term occupation and the large quantity of archaeobotanical remains, it is possible to understand how representative the charcoals are in our context in order to analyse past vegetation. In Zaballa, as in most of the Basque Country sites, the scarcity of long-term formed layers brings us to sample charcoals from other kind of layers. Depositional processes generated by waste management activities and involved in the formation of silo, pit and deposit fillings, seems to be related to a “mediumterm” deposition (theorically of about several months duration). For this purpose, taxa variety of different of layers -silo/pit/deposit fillings, occupation surfaces and hearths- have been compared. The results show that: 1 - the charcoal species variety from fillings is greater than that from hearths, overcoming, in some cases, that from occupation surfaces; 2 charcoals from silo, pit and deposit fillings could be quite representative of the paleolandscape since they were originated in not-specific domestic or productive activities and they are rich in taxa, especially considering them in their entirety; 3 – hearths are related to specific and short-term depositions as a consequence of selection, hence there is little variation concerning the number of species. Nevertheless, they fill some gaps in the knowledge of past vegetation, showing taxa which were not determined in other kind of layers. Keywords: Archaeology. Anthracolgy. Middle Ages. Methodology. North of Spain. Maya paleoethnobotany: ancient and modern use of ocote (Pinus spp.) Felipe Trabanino* and Aurora Muriente Pastrana *UNAM, Programa de Becas Posdoctorales en la UNAM, Becario del CEPHCIS Ex Sanatorio Rendón Peniche. Calle 43 s/n entre 44 y 46, col. Industrial. C.P. 97150, Mérida, Yucatán, México [email protected] Archaeobotanical remains of ocote pine have been recovered from different sites for the Classic period (300 – 900 d.C) in the Maya region showing uses from ritual ceremonies to household refuse in the fertilization of agricultural fields. Our results in the Palenque region fot the 620 d.C suggest that there was no difference in the use of ocote in the residential units compared to that in the palace units. Ocote remains were found in ceremonial contexts, burials, household refuse deposited in home gardens, and patio’s soils. Modern use of ocote in Guatemala and Chiapas has an economic importance with the cutting of pine sticks to sell in regional markets, to use as torch for illumination and lighting daily cooking fires. Keywords: Maya paleoethnobotany. Palenque Chiapas. Ocote. Pinus. 24 O uso da madeira na arquitetura popular nas aldeias de Alijó: São Mamede de Ribatua, Amieiro e Franzilhal Pedro Ricardo Coelho de Azevedo Universidade do Minho. Campus de Gualtar, . 4710-057 Braga [email protected] A utilização da madeira nas mais variadas construções tais como habitações, dependências para o abrigo de gado ou armazenamento de cereais, é comprovada nas edificações que constituem os núcleos habitacionais de várias vilas e cidades portuguesas, onde subsistem várias construções com origem na Idade Média e chegam aos nossos dias. Os materiais utilizados na edificação das casas eram provenientes dos locais próximos do lugar de construção. A madeira era um elemento omnipresente, pois ao longo dos séculos a madeira foi sendo utilizada nas mais variadas partes da casa, tais como paredes, sobrados, escadas, entre outros elementos. Apesar do avigoramento na aproveitação dos materiais pétreos, o uso da madeira continuava a ser uma constante nas épocas medieval e moderna. Keywords: Arquitetura Popular. Madeira. Técnicas Construtivas. Uso de madeira em cestaria tradicional: palha e silva (Cinfães), cana rachada (Marco de Canavezes) e piorna (Baião) Daniela Ferreira, Filipe Vaz*, João Machado *Bolseiro de Doutoramento FCT (SFRH/BD/99930/2014) CIBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources. FLUP – Faculty of Arts, University of Porto. Museu da Universidade do Porto, Sala 2.21, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 - Porto, Portugal [email protected] No âmbito do alargamento da rede de património cultural “Rota do Românico” aos concelhos de Cinfães, Resende, Marco de Canavezes e Baião, foram inventariados e recolhidos vários elementos relativos ao património imaterial destes territórios. Este poster abordará o processo de produção de cestaria tradicional tendo como exemplo os casos da cestaria de palha e silva (Gralheira, Cinfães), cana rachada (Soalhães, Marco de Canavezes) e piorna (Frende, Baião). Dar-se-á especial enfâse ás duas partes principais deste processo: por um lado, a seleção, recolha e tratamento de madeiras tendo por fim a sua utilização como matéria prima deste produto, e por outro, o processo técnico da sua manufatura. Keywords: Património imaterial. Madeira. Manufactura. Cestaria. Registo imaterial da produção de Bengalas de Gestaçô (Baião) Daniela Ferreira, Filipe Vaz* * Bolseiro de Doutoramento FCT (SFRH/BD/99930/2014) CIBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources FLUP – Faculty of Arts, University of Porto Museu da Universidade do Porto, Sala 2.21, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 - Porto, Portugal [email protected] O alargamento do projeto “Rota do Românico” a vários concelhos do território do Tâmega e Sousa levou à recolha e inventariação de vários elementos relativos ao património imaterial deste território e, entre eles, as bengalas de Gestaçô (Baião). Este poster centrar-se-á não só no processo técnico e tecnológico da produção das bengalas, mas também da história e evolução do fabrico desta manufatura e do seu impacto socioeconómico nesta região. Keywords: Património imaterial. Madeira. Manufactura. Bengalas. 25 Wooden objects and fruits recovered from the first medieval ditch of Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, Spain) Yolanda Porto Tenreiro*, María Martín Seijo, Andrés Teira Brión, Paula Ballesteros-Arias, Felipe Criado-Boado and Dolores Gil Agra *Incipit-Instituto de Ciencias do Patrimonio, Avenida de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela. Fráxil. Rúa Bonaval 29, baixo. 15703 Santiago de Compostela [email protected] Waterlogging favoured the preservation of several wooden objects and fruits inside the first medieval ditch that surrounded the city of Santiago de Compostela. The wooden assemblage in the bottom of the fill was integrated by a yoke and two bowls in a context dated from 855 to 981 cal AD (78,6% probability -2 sigma-). Also one dish, in association with carpological remains (mostly Prunus avium/cerasus seeds and Panicum miliaceum/Setaria italica chaff), was found into a detritus pit dated between 1025-1165 cal AD (95,4% -2 sigma-). Wooden pieces were taxonomically identified and dendrological attributes were registered, there have been also recorded aspects related to their chaîne-operatóire and their biographies. Keywords: Waterlogged wood. Wooden containers. Yoke. Xylology. Carpology. A estacaria na construção pós-pombalina - Um caso-de-estudo sobre as madeiras Helena Patrício*, Teresa Quilhó, Alexandra Lauw, António Valongo e Helena Pereira *Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Tapada da Ajuda. 1349-017 Lisboa [email protected] No âmbito da reabilitação de um edifício pós-pombalino em Lisboa, datado, com base documental, entre 1773 e 1776, observou-se que as estruturas de base se encontravam assentes sobre uma estacaria ordeira de barrotes de madeira e cavilhas de ferro, cravadas no aterro sobre o nível freático, servindo de base para os alicerces. A estacaria correspondia ao início da construção das fundações dos novos edifícios, que é descrita na bibliografia disponível muito genericamente como “pinho verde”. O objectivo do presente estudo é fazer uma caracterização mais detalhada sobre as madeiras desta estacaria. Para tal as amostras foram seleccionadas de acordo com a sua disposição na estrutura – elementos verticais e horizontais. Para a identificação das espécies florestais utilizadas foram recolhidas amostras de estacas, longarinas e travessas, para observação macro e microscópica da madeira. Realizaram-se cortes histológicos transversais, tangenciais e radiais com micrótomo e prepararam-se estilhas para observação dos elementos dissociados. A caracterização anatómica da madeira foi realizada segundo as normas internacionais e a sua estrutura documentada através de microfotografias. A análise dos anéis de crescimento permitiu também determinar a idade e a classe de diâmetro da árvore utilizada para cada elemento da estacaria. Keywords: Estacaria. Séc. XVIII. Arqueologia. Anatomia da Madeira. 26