12-00113_SUPPLEMENT 1

SUPPLEMENT 1 (ON LINE)
VRIESEA BITUMINOSA Wawra, Österr. Bot. Z. 12: 347. 1862. —TYPE: BRAZIL. Bahia: Ilhéus,
1859, Wawra et Mally 257 (holotype: W!).
Plant epiphytic or terrestrial; flowering to ca. 200.0 cm tall, propagating by basal axillary
shoots. Leaves ca. 30, suberect, forming an infundibuliform rosette; sheath narrowly-elliptic to
elliptic, 12.5–19 × 11–12.5 cm, dark-castaneous on the abaxial face and pale-castaneous on the
adaxial, both faces densely lepidote; blade lanceolate, 25–59.5 × 7.5–8.5 cm, entirely green or
slightly vinaceous on the abaxial face, with irregular darker green transverse lines evident only in
live material and against light, bearing a brownish-purple macule in the apex, apex obtuse and
apiculate. Inflorescence 87–150 cm, simple, erect, slightly or not twisted, sigmoid, 8–11.5 cm
wide from sepal to sepal, covered by a bituminoid substance strongly balsamic scented, 25–60
flowers, distichous, patent, slightly secund; peduncle 44.5–95 cm long, 1.2–1.8 cm in diam,
green, glabrous; peduncle bracts erect, imbricate, ovate, green with brownish-purple macule in
the apex or reddish with greenish apex; rachis straight, 24.5–52.5 cm, 0.8–1.4 cm in diam, green
to yellowish-green, reddish near the base, glabrous. Floral bracts decurrent, ovate to wide-ovate,
apex obtuse, 4.2–5.7 × 3–4.3 cm, without carina, green, reddish or purple with the margin
differently colored, at flowering from shorter to longer than the sepals, with a bituminoid
substance strongly balsamic scented inside, lepidote on adaxial face and glabrous abaxially,
plicate when dry. Flowers nocturnal, garlic scented; pedicel green to reddish, 1.3–1.5 cm, 1.3–
1.4 cm in diam; sepals elliptic, apex obtuse, 3.5–4 × 1.7–2 cm, 1–1.1 cm at base, wholly green
with margins dull green or reddish with apex and margins green, without carina; corolla
campanulate, symmetric, with 1 abaxial and 2 adaxial petals, petals oblanceolate, apex
emarginate, slightly recurved at anthesis, 4.7–6 × 2.1–2.3 cm, 0.8–1 cm at base, reddish, conate
at base for 0.4–0.5 cm, appendages 1.5–2.3 × 0.4–0.5 cm, adnate to petals 0.4–0.9 cm at base,
with irregularly-dented apex; stamens in flag-blossom position, filaments 3.6–4.7 cm, enlarged
toward apex, flattened dorsiventrally, adnate to the base of the petals, yellow, anthers 1.2-1.5 cm,
introrse, dorsifixed, equaling the fauce of the corolla, connivent, yellow; style 3.7–4.6 cm,
yellow, stigma convolute-blade type, slightly above anthers, pale-rose to purple, ovary 0.5–0.8
cm, greenish-yellow. Fruits reflexed to sub-patent, 4.5–5.5 cm; seeds 2.5–2.8 cm. Figures 1A–C,
2.
Phenology—Flowering from October to April, and fruiting from March to August.
Geographic Distribution—The species occurs in the Atlantic Forest between 800 and 1,500
m above sea level from Bahia to São Paulo States, with some records in Minas Gerais State. Its
occurrence in Ilhéus proper is uncertain. We judge that it has probably been collected in some
higher area in the same region, since it is known at Serra das Lontras, between Una e Arataca
Municipalities (A. Amorim, pers. comm.), and also in Santa Maria do Salto, Minas Gerais State,
a region near southern Bahia (Fig. 2).
Conservation—The status is the least concern (LC), based on knowledge of the species
applied to the IUCN red list categories and criteria (IUCN 2013).
Etymology—From latin bitumine, named referring to the substance which covers the
inflorescence. This substance is soluble in water and scented.
Representative Specimens Examined—UNKNOWN LOCALITY: Foster 37 (R); BRAZIL.
Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, EB Santa Teresa, 650–800 m, 23 Mar 1999, Varassin 60 et al.
(MBML); Santa Teresa, REBIO de Nova Lombardia, Divisa em frente a sede velha, 850 m, 19
Feb 2002, Kollmann 5569 et al. (MBML); Santa Teresa, Nova Lombardia, Rebio Augusto
Ruschi, trilha da divisa, lado esquerdo da antiga sede, 3 Apr 2002, Vervolet 73 et al. (MBML);
Santa Teresa, Nova Lombardia, Rebio Augusto Ruschi, divisa com Henrique Bonfim, trilha da
chapada, 1 Aug 2002, Vervolet 647 et al. (MBML); Santa Teresa, Santo Anselmo, terreno de M.
Nandolfo, 850 m, 24 Feb 2006, Kollmann 8701 et al. (MBML); Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica
Santa Lúcia, 810 m, 7 Apr 2006, Kollmann 8854 et Krause (MBML); Domingos Martins, PE da
Pedra Azul, próximo as piscinas, 1475 m, 20o23'59.51"S 41o1'8.65"O, 17 Jan 2008, Moura 475
et al. (R); Castelo, PE do Forno Grande, trilha para Mirante da Pedra Azul, 20o30'44.51"S
41o5'26.11"O, 18 Jan 2008, Moura 482 et al. (R); Castelo para Alfredo Chaves, estrada de
Castelinho para São Bento de Urânia, 20o29'58.54"S 40o57'28.58"O, 19 Jan 2008, Moura 492 et
al. (R); Minas Gerais: Araponga, Fazenda Estouro, 1,200 m alt., 1 Nov 1941, Alvim (VIC3969);
Santa Bárbara, Caraça, 7 Jul 1974, Reitz 7656 (HBR); Serra do Brigadeiro, 1,300 m, 20o43'S
42o23'W, 1 Dec 1992, Leoni 2017 (HB); "PESB", Serra do Brigadeiro, Fazenda do Brigadeiro,
margem do córrego do ouro, 1,300 m de alt., 23 Dec 1995, de Paula 1076 (VIC); "PESB", Serra
do Brigadeiro, Fazenda do Brigadeiro, margem do córrego do ouro, 1,300 m de alt., 23 Dec
1995, de Paula 1108 (VIC); Conceição do Mato Dentro, Parque Natural Municipal do Ribeirão
do Campo, 19o05'10.7"S 43o35'49.3"W, 28 Dec 2002, Mota 1869 (BHCB); Lima Duarte, Parque
Estadual de Ibitipoca, Mata ao lado da estrada para a Janela do Céu, 5 Feb 2004, Monteiro 28
(RB); Lima Duarte, Parque Estadual de Ibitipoca, Mata Grande, 1,400 m, 21o42'11''S 43o53'6''W,
10 Mar 2004, Forzza 3171 (RB); Santa Maria do Salto, Povoado Talismã, Fazenda Duas Barras,
Reserva Alto Cariri, Trilha do sul que sai em Santa Maria do Salto, 950 m, 16o24’11.3"S
40o3'16"W, 22 Apr 2006, Amorim 5856 et al. (RB); Ouro Preto, Parque Estadual do Itacolomi,
Trilha da Lagoa Seca, Capão da Galeria, 9 Dec 2007, Coser 117 et al. (VIC); Serra Negra,
Fazenda Serra Negra, mun. Monte Verde, 11 May 2008, Abreu 230 et Menini Neto (CESJ);
Araponga, PE Serra do Brigadeiro, próximo a sede, 2 a 5 Jun 2008, Moura 581 et Gomes-daSilva (R); Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, 1865, Burchell 2321 (K), Petrópolis, 1879, Wawra 25 (W),
Petrópolis, Apr 1883, Glaziou 15466 (P); Therezopolis, 900-1,000 m, 10 Mar 1924, Bailey 1248
et Bailey (GH); Organ Mountains, Vicinnity of Therezópolis, 1,100 m, 22o27'S 42o58'W, 17 Dec
1928, Smith 1519 (GH); Road between Monte Serrat to Ponte Maromba, Mt. Itatiaya, Estação
Biológica, 800–1,200 m, 22o28'S 44o38'W, Jan 1929, Smith 1625 (GH, S); Tinguá, Nova Iguaçu,
1 Aug 1957, Mello Filho 1298 (R); Itatiaia, entre Macieiras e Maromba, 14 Jan 1961, Strang 247
(GUA); Teresópolis, P. N. Serra dos Órgãos, sede, 4 Dec 1966, Castellanos 25717 et Strang 723
(HB); Petrópolis, Serra da Estrela, 26 Mar 1967, Pereira 10572 (HB); Petrópolis, Floresta do
IBDF, Estrada do Imperador, 30 Jul 1974, Reitz 7687 (HBR); Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do
Itatiaia, margens do Rio Campo Belo, 1 Oct 1977, Martinelli 3213 et al. (RB); Nova Friburgo,
Macaé de Cima, nascente do Rio das Flores, 25 May 1987, Martinelli 12043 et al. (RB); Nova
Friburgo, Reserva Ecológica de Macaé de Cima, Fazenda Sophronites, area do Programa Mata
Atlântica, 6 Dec 1988, Costa 210 et al. (RB); Nova Friburgo, Reserva Ecológica de Macaé de
Cima, na beira da estrada, 900 m, 6 Mar 1991, Costa 354 et al. (RB); Nova Friburgo, Reserva
Ecológica de Macaé de Cima, caminho para a Pedra Bicuda, 16 Apr 1991, Costa 371 et al. (RB);
Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, caminho para Três Picos, 7 Dec 1992, Costa 432 (RB);
Nova Friburgo, Reserva Ecológica de Macaé de Cima, na beira da estrada principal, 16–18 Dec
1992, Costa 440 et al. (RB); Nova Iguaçu, REBIO do Tinguá, Trilha beirando o Rio São Pedro,
15 Jan 2002, Heron 246 (RB); Guapimirim, Morro do Elefante, PE dos Três Picos, 5 Jan 2008,
Moura 447 (R); Itatiaia, Distrito de Maromba, as margens do Rio Preto, May 2008, Moura 579
et Santos (R); Guapimirim, Morro do Elefante, PE dos Três Picos, 29 Dec 2008, Moura 446 (R),
Rio Claro, em mata na subida para próxima ao topo do Morro do Bispo, 22°44'2,92"S
44°10'29,30"O, 10 Nov 2010, Moura 998 et al. (R); Petrópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos
Órgãos, Sede Petrópolis, Vale do Rio Bonfim, trilha para o Açu, circuito das Bromélias, início
S22o 27,744 W 43o 05,621, fim S22o 27.974 W34o 05.030, entre 1,018 e 1,172 m de alt., 1 Jun
2011, Costa 931 et al. (R); São Paulo: São Paulo, 2 Sep 1939, Doering w.n. (SP41434); Campos
do Jordão, Apr 1945, Leite 3370 (GH); Serra da Bocaina, Sertão Bocaina, 9 Feb 1959,
Castellanos 22370 in part (R); Vale do Paraíba do Sul, 24 Oct 1977, Emmerich w. n. (R);
Biritiba Mirim, Estação Biológica de Boracéia, 890-950 m, 23o38'39"S 45o52'53"W, 11 Nov
1983, Custódio Filho 1780 (SP); Biritiba Mirim, EB Boracéia, 890–950 m, 23o38'39"S
45o52'53"W, 24 Nov 1983, Custódio Filho 1892 (SP, R); Campos do Jordão, PE Campos do
Jordão, 2 Apr 2008, Moura 551 (R).
VRIESEA WAWRANEA Antoine, Phyto-Iconogr. Bromel. 1, tab. 1, 2. 1884. Tillandsia wawranea
(Antoine) Baker, J. Bot. 26: 105. 1888. —TYPE: Wien hortus w.n. (holotype: W?, lost or
destroyed, possibly never existed; lectotype: Phyto-Iconogr. Bromel. 1, tab. 1, 2. 1884 designated by Till 1994).
Vriesea oleosa Leme, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4 (1): 160. 1999. syn. nov.—TYPE: BRAZIL. Bahia:
Ilhéus, estrada para União Queimada, Morro da Torre, 6 abril 1995, flowered in
cultivation, Nov. 1998, E. Leme, P. Nahoum et J. C. Silva 3019 (holotype: HB!).
Plant epiphytic or terrestrial, flowering 90–120 cm tall, propagating by basal axillary shoots.
Leaves 20 to 25, suberect, forming an infundibuliform rosette; sheath widely-ovate to widelyelliptic, 11–16 × 10–12 cm, dark-casteneous at base of the abaxial face and pale-casteneous at
base on the adaxial, greenish to vinaceous in the upper portion, densely lepidote on both faces;
blade linear to lanceolate, 40–54 × 7–9 cm, wholly green or green on the adaxial face and
vinaceous on the abaxial, with irregular darker green transverse lines evident only in live
material and against light, bearing an evident or inconspicuous purple apical macule, apex
recurved, acute to rounded, apiculate. Inflorescence 71.5–110 cm, simple, erect, straight to
slightly sigmoid, 7.5–10 cm from sepal to sepal, 24–42 flowers, distichous, patent, not secund;
peduncle 47–64 cm, 1–1.4 cm in diam, green, glabrous, peduncle bracts erect, imbricated,
proximal bracts lanceolate and distal widely-ovate, almost wholly green to green with brownishpurple macule in the apex; rachis 24.5–46.5 cm, 0.5–1 cm in diam, green, glabrous. Floral bracts
decurrent, widely-ovate to depressed-ovate, apex acute to obtuse, 2.5–5 × 2.5–5.2 cm, without
carina, green to yellowish-green, shorter than the sepals, with a strongly scented oily-like
substance inside, lepidote on the adaxial face and glabrous on the abaxial, plicate to slightly
plicate when dry. Flowers nocturnal, garlic scented; pedicel green, 0.8–1.6 cm, 1.2–1.4 cm in
diam; sepals elliptic, apex obtuse, 3.2–4 × 1.6–2.4 cm, ca. 1.1 cm at base, green, without carina;
corolla campanulate, symmetric, with 1 abaxial and 2 adaxial petals, petals obovate, apex
emarginate, slightly recurved at anthesis, ca. 4.7 × 2.5 cm, ca. 0.8 cm at base, pale yellow with
purple lines toward the apex, connate at base for ca. 0.5 cm, appendages 1–1.5 × 0.4–0.5 cm,
adnate to petals 0.4–0.6 cm at base, apex irregularly dented; stamens in flag-blossom position,
filaments ca. 2.5 cm, enlarged toward apex, flattened dorsiventrally, adnate to the base of the
petals, yellow, anthers 1.1–1.5 cm, introrse, dorsifixed, equaling the fauce of the corolla, yellow;
style ca. 3.5 cm, stigma convolute-blade type, slightly above anthers, purple to yellow, ovary ca.
1 cm, greenish-yellow. Fruits reflexed, 4.5–5.3 cm; seeds ca. 2.5 cm. Figures 1D–E, 2.
Phenology—Flowering and fruiting in different periods of the year through its distribution.
Geographical Distribution—Epiphytic to terrestrial, along the Brazilian Atlantic coast
between Espírito Santo and Pernambuco States, from 500 to 1,700 m above sea level; it is also
found in Guiana and Venezuela (Fig. 2).
Among all the species studied, V. wawranea presents the widest geographical distribution.
The lack of morphological discontinuity between the Brazilian and the Guianan-Venezuelan
populations indicates the natural circumscription of the taxon. The observed disjunction between
these populations is probably due to habitat loss and to the lack of sampling data in the area. The
analysis of extra-Brazilian material would be of great value, contributing to the circumscription
of the taxon.
Conservation—The status is the least concern (LC), based on knowledge of the species
applied to the IUCN red list categories and criteria (IUCN 2013).
Etymology—A tribute from Antoine to Wawra. The specific epithet of V. oleosa is from the
latin oleosus (oily).
Representative Specimens Examined—BRAZIL. Bromeliário MBML, Jan 1989, Boone
1284, cult. (MBML); Bahia: Camacã, RPPN Serra Bonita, 9,7 km da Camacam na estrada para
Jacareci, daí 6 km SW na estrada para RPPN e torre as Embratel, 15o23'30S 39o33'55"W, 16 Nov
2006, Amorim et al. 6560 (CEPEC); Itajuípe, União Queimada, Morro da Torre de telefonia,
entrada ao lado da Fazenda do Elmiro, 7 Apr 2009, Moura 787 (R); Camacan, RPPN Serra
Bonita, Núcleo Serra Bonita, 14 Apr 2009, Moura 792 (R); Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, Estação
Ecológica Santa Lúcia, trilha principal, margem do rio Timbuí, ca. 600 m, 19 Oct 1995, Costa et
al. 534 (R); Santa Teresa, Estação Ecológica Santa Lúcia, perto da entrada, 590 m, 19°58'29'' S
40°31'39'' W, 29 Oct 2003, Silva et Fraga 1111 (RB); Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa
Lúcia, trilha do Indaia-açu, 19o58'17,32"S 40o32'6,90"O, 16 Jan 2008, Moura et al. 455 (R);
Pernambuco: Jaqueira: Usina Colônia, Mata da Serra do Quengo, 700 m, 8o42'37"S 35o50'01"W,
16 Jan 2000, Siqueira-Filho 1010 (UFP); Taquaritinga do Norte, 21 Jul 2008, Moura 611 (R);
Taquaritinga do Norte, 21 Jul 2008, Moura 612 (R); Serra da Taquara, Mata da Torre de
Microondas, 1,027 m, 7o54'19.0"S 36o01'27.1"O, 3 Feb 2005, Siqueira-Filho 1457 et al. (UFP);
GUIANA. Essequibo: SE Kanuku Mts, west of ridge extending from Makaparima Mt, 28 Oct
1991, Hoffman et Gopaul 436 (NY). VENEZUELA. Anzoátegui: Los Chorros to Cerro Negro,
Bergantin, 23 Mar 1945, Steyermark 61721 (VEN); Amazonas: Río Siapa, 21 Jul 1959, Wurdack
et L.S. Adderley 43568 (NY); Aragua: Malezas em Hacienda de café El Paují, sur del consejo,
1,470 m, 10 Sep 1971, Trujillo 10505 (MBM); Bolívar: Cerro Bolívar, 2 Dec 1951, Maguire
32691 (NY); Delta Amacuro: Rain forest, between La Margarita to Puerta Miranda, Río Acure,
26 Nov 1960, Steyermark 87810 (NY); Fálcon: La Chapa to Uria, Sierra de San Luis, 19 Sep
1967, Steyermark 99082 (VEN); Cerro Socopo, Secondary area and remnant cloud forest
patches, 1,400–1,560 m alt., 29 Jun 1979, Lisner et al. 8409 (NY); Yaracuy: Cerro Picacho,
Nirgua, 11 Mar 1967, Steyermark et Bunting 97693 (VEN); Secciones de selva nublada a lo
largo del camino entre Aroa y Quebrada Honda y Altamira, 27 Nov 1971, Steyermark et Bunting
105311 (NY).