chimpanzee tantrums - Colégio Objetivo de Atibaia

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MÓDULO 24
TEXT
CHIMPANZEE TANTRUMS
Scientists in the U.S. have found that chimpanzees
become upset when they make the wrong decisions.
Researchers from Duke University designed decision-making
games for chimpanzees and bonobos, where the animals
could win edible treats. Those that lost appeared to lose their
temper.
The Duke University team designed two games – one to
test patience and the other assessing risk-taking.
The second was a sort of gambling game where the forty chimps and bonobos the team
studied were offered a choice between a safe option – six peanuts hidden under a bowl – or a risky
option. The second bowl concealed either a slice of cucumber or a much tastier piece of banana,
and that prize wasn’t revealed until the ape had made its choice.
When one chimp, named Timi, gambled and got the cucumber, he threw what looked and
sounded very much like a tantrum. Although some were more stoic than Timi, many of the animals
involved showed an emotional response to a bad decision – anxiously scratching themselves or
calling out.
The study, the scientists say, suggests that emotions like frustration and regret – so
fundamental to our own decisions – are not uniquely human, but are an important and ancient part
of ape society.”
(BBC)
I. TANTRUM = a period of anger without control.
Translate the title of the passage.
Acessos de fúria dos chimpanzés.
II. Match the columns.
1. researcher
1
f
a) amendoim
2. game
2
d
b) comível, comestível
3. edible
3
b
c) fatia
4. choice
4
h
d) jogo
5. peanut
5
a
e) tigela
6. bowl
6
e
f) pesquisador
7. slice
7
c
g) prêmio
8. prize
8
g
h) escolha
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INGLÊS E
VOCABULARY
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III. Combine the expressions in column A with their synonyms in
column B.
1. team
1
e
a) kind, type
2. sort
2
a
b) answer
3. risky
3
c
c) dangerous
4. response
4
b
d) only
5. uniquely
5
d
e) staff
6. ancient
6
f
f) very old
2. The Joneses liked their new house, although (= though) sometimes
they missed their friends.
embora
* although (though) = _________________________________________
3. Snow is not predicted; we can expect some rain, though.
contudo
* though = __________________________________________________
4. It seemed as though the place was deserted.
IV. BONOBO is similar to the chimpanzee but much smaller and having
a black face.
V. Complete the following sentences with a verb from the box. Pay
attention to the verb tenses.
como se
* as though = _______________________________________________
5. Even though I had 2 hours to spare for shopping, I couldn’t find the
dress I wanted.
mesmo que, embora
* even though = _____________________________________________
to design – to appear – to assess
to hide (= to conceal) – to reveal
assess
1. The test is to __________________
aptitude rather than academic
development.
VIII. Complete the following sentences.
Use the verbs from the chart.
Pay attention to the verb tenses.
to reveal
2. She refused __________________
the contents of the letter.
designed
3. This is a course especially ___________________________
for foreign
students.
to gamble – to look – to sound – to scratch – to call out
call out
1. The teacher said: “Hands up, please-don’t ___________________”.
looks
2. That new book ___________________
good.
to hide (= to conceal) his present from him until his
4. I wanted ______________________
birthday.
appears
5. The job is not so easy as it ______________________.
gamble
3. Are you prepared to ________________
your career on this matter?
to scratch
4. The man lifted his T-shirt ___________________
his back.
sounds
5. He ___________________
like an Italian for me.
VI.
SAFE
Translate the underlined expressions in the following sentences.
1. They live in a very safe neighborhood.
seguro
* safe = ____________________________________________________
IX.
LIKE
Translate the underlined expressions in the following sentences.
1. He smokes like a chimney.
como
* like = ______________________________________________________
2. There’s a small safe hidden behind that picture on the wall.
cofre
* safe = ____________________________________________________
2. Unlike her sister, she got married very young.
ao contrário de
* unlike = ___________________________________________________
3. The children arrived home safe and sound.
são e salvo
* safe and sound = __________________________________________
3. He likes to hear music.
gostar de
* to like = ___________________________________________________
4. Some doctors dislike having to go out to visit patients at night.
VII.
ALTHOUGH – THOUGH
não gostar de
* to dislike = ________________________________________________
Translate the underlined expressions in the following sentences.
5. Like mother, like daughter.
INGLÊS E
1. Although (= Though) he’s got a good job, he still complains.
embora
* although (though) = ________________________________________
90 –
tal... tal...
* Like... like... = _____________________________________________
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6. I haven’t met Jane. What is she like?
como
* What... like = _______________________________________________
7. He made a list of likes and dislikes.
3. Lisa lost her temper and began shouting at Bob.
perder a paciência
* to lose one’s temper = ______________________________________
4. Cucumber is a long, thin vegetable that has a dark green skin and is
white inside. It is usually eaten raw in salads.
preferências
* likes and dislakes = _________________________________________
pepino
* cucumber = _______________________________________________
8. I don’t feel like going out tonight.
5. I thought the food was very tasty.
sentir vontade de
* to feel like = _______________________________________________
saboroso
* tasty = ____________________________________________________
9. It looks like we’ll finish on time.
6. Gorillas and chimpanzees are apes.
parecer
* to look like = ______________________________________________
símio
* ape = _____________________________________________________
10. Do as you like.
7. My one and only regret is that I didn’t see her before she died.
como quiser
* as you like = ______________________________________________
arrependimento
* regret = ___________________________________________________
11. It is (un)likely she will succeed.
(im)provável
* (un)likely = ________________________________________________
TEXT COMPREHENSION
12. The likeness between them is amazing.
Responder em português.
semelhança
* likeness = _________________________________________________
1. Explique o segundo jogo criado pelos pesquisadores da Duke
13. He ignored her, and she ignored him likewise.
igualmente, do mesmo modo
* likewise = _________________________________________________
University.
40 chimpanzés e bonobos deveriam escolher entre uma opção
segura – 6 amendoins escondidos sob uma tigela – ou uma
14. Is this meal to your liking?
opção arriscada – uma fatia de pepino ou um pedaço de banana
gosto
* liking = ___________________________________________________
escondidos sob outra tigela. Somente após ser feita a escolha,
o símio saberia se sua escolha havia sido correta ou não.
X.
TO THROW A TANTRUM
= to become very angry and unreasonable.
Translate the underlined expression.
When you are a grown-up, you don’t throw a tantrum; if something
2. Qual a reação de muitos dos animais envolvidos na pesquisa?
Muitos deles mostraram uma resposta emocional a uma má
decisão, arranhando-se ou gritando ansiosamente.
não tem acessos de raiva, de fúria
offends you, you discuss it = _____________________________________
XI. Translate the underlined expressions in the following sentences.
3. O que revelou o estudo mencionado no texto?
O estudo revelou que frustração e arrependimento, tão funda-
1. They are terribly upset by the breakup of their parents’ marriage.
mentais para nossas decisões, fazem parte importante, há muito
transtornado, perturbado, contrariado
* upset = ____________________________________________________
tempo, da vida dos simios.
presente
* treat = ____________________________________________________
– 91
INGLÊS E
2. He never failed to return without a special treat for the kids.
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INGLÊS E
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92 –
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MÓDULO 25
TEXT
ECONOMIC WOES SHRINK SPAIN’S POPULATION
Spain's increasing economic problems have led to a shrinking population. The country's
National Statistics Institute stated that in the year to February 1st, Spain's total registered
population fell by 205,788. Analysts attribute much of this decline to immigrants fleeing the country
amid high unemployment and the explosion of the property bubble. There was also a sharp rise
in the number of Spaniards leaving the country in search of work abroad. This brain drain represents
a fall in the number of qualified and skilled workers in the event of the economy picking up pace
again. Albert Esteve, a demographics expert, explained why people are leaving, saying: “Spain is
less attractive because there are no jobs.”
Spain's economic woes are putting a huge social cost on all sectors of society. The middle
class in particular is suffering badly. The capital, Madrid, is seeing increasing numbers of universityeducated and professional people sleeping rough. Samur, a charity for the homeless, said 25 per
cent of those sleeping on the streets completed some kind of higher education. It also revealed
that over 40 per cent of them are homeless as a result of losing their job. The charity also reports
that homelessness has not dented enterprise. Many of those who lost their regular work are trying
to make ends meet by collecting and selling scrap metal, becoming street artists or putting their
musical skills to good use by busking.
(BBC)
VOCABULARY
II. Match the columns.
ENGLISH
I. Translate the underlined words in the following sentences.
PORTUGUESE
1. increasing
1
g
a) acentuado
2. unemployment
2
d
b) à procura de
3. property
3
i
c) desabrigados
4. sharp
4
a
d) desemprego
5. rise
5
h
e) educação superior
6. in search of
6
b
f) enorme
7. abroad
7
j
g) crescentes
8. huge
8
f
h) aumento
9. homeless
9
c
i) propriedade
10. higher education
10
e
j) no exterior
*
problemas
woes = _______________________________________________
b) Don’t put the sweater in the dryer. It will shrink.
encolher
* to shrink, shrank, shrunk = _________________________________
Translate the title of the text.
Problemas econômicos reduzem a população da Espanha
– 93
INGLÊS E
a) The city’s traffic woes are well-known by the population.
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III. Irregular verbs.
4. I reported the theft to the police.
*
Complete the chart.
Infinitive
Simple Past
Past Participle
1. to lead
led
led
2. to fall
fell
fallen
3. to flee
fled
fled
4. to put
put
put
5. to sleep
slept
slept
6. to lose
lost
lost
7. to sell
sold
sold
became
become
relatar
to report = ______________________________________________
5. His constant criticism dented my confidence.
*
reduzir, diminuir
to dent = _______________________________________________
amid = among = amongst
VI. Translate the underlined expression.
On the floor, amid a pile of books, there were two small envelopes.
entre, (no meio)
VII. Translate the underlined expressions.
8. to become
bolha
1. bubble = ____________________________________________________
IV. Complete the sentences. Use the verbs from the chart. Pay attention
to the verb tense.
to fall – to leave – to attribute –
to suffer – to reveal
When the economic bubble bursts a lot of people will lose their jobs.
trabalhadores qualificados
2. skilled workers = ____________________________________________
The company is hiring highly skilled workers.
to reveal _ her husband’s whereabouts.
1. She has refused _______________
instituição de caridade
3. charity = ____________________________________________________
Many charities sent money to help the victims of the disaster.
suffer
2. When parents argue it’s children who _____________
the most.
iniciativa
4. enterprise = _________________________________________________
fallen
3. The rate of inflation has _________
for the second month running.
Jonathan showed extraordinary enterprise for such an inexperient
attribute
4. Women tend to _____________________
their success to external
causes such as luck.
manager.
pedaço
5. scrap = _____________________________________________________
Messages were written on scraps of paper.
left
5. She ___________
home at the usual time to catch her bus.
tocar ou dançar nas ruas
6. to busk = _____________________________________________
V. Translate the underlined verbs in the following sentences.
A lot of music students busk in their vacation to earn some extra
money.
1. There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.
*
levar a
to lead to = _____________________________________________
VIII.
COLLECT
Translate the different meanings of COLLECT.
2. Earthquake victims were forced to flee their homes.
*
abandonar
to flee = ________________________________________________
1. 1,5 signatures have been collected so far.
recolher
*to collect = _________________________________________________
3. The policeman stated that the man was arrested for trying to murder
his wife.
INGLÊS E
*
94 –
declarar, afirmar
to state = _______________________________________________
2. One of Tony’s hobbies is collecting stamps.
colecionar
*to collect = ________________________________________________
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3. David always collects his daughter from school on Tuesdays.
X. Match the following synonyms from the article.
(ir) buscar
*to collect = ________________________________________________
4. They collected donations for a fund to help military families.
arrecadar
*to collect = ________________________________________________
5. The victim collected ₤ 10,000 for compensation.
cobrar
*to collect = ________________________________________________
1. increasing
1
d
a) weakened
2. fleeing
2
f
b) survive
3. expert
3
g
c) initiative
4. revealed
4
e
d) escalating
5. dented
5
a
e) made known
6. enterprise
6
c
f) escaping from
7. make ends meet
7
b
g) specialist
6. She received a collect call from Alaska.
ligação a cobrar
*collect call = _______________________________________________
TEXT COMPREHENSION
IX. Look at the definitions of the following expressions and translate
them.
1. brain drain = the large-scale immigration of a large group of
fuga de
individuals with technical skill or knowledge = __________________
cérebros
_______________________________.
se, caso
2. in the event of = if; in the situation of = ________________________.
1. De acordo com o texto,
a) para sobreviver à crise na Espanha, muitos músicos estão vendendo
metal nas ruas.
b) a população espanhola teve uma redução de 25% devido a
problemas econômicos.
c) metade dos desabrigados na cidade de Madri acabou de perder seus
empregos.
d) um quarto dos desabrigados que moram nas ruas de Madri têm
curso superior.
e) 40% referem-se ao número de desabrigados em Madri.
___________________________________________________________.
RESOLUÇÃO:
Resposta: D
acelerar o ritmo, melhorar
3. to pick up the pace - to improve = _____________________________
___________________________________________________________.
4. to sleep rough = to spend the night in the open; to be without a
dormir na rua
home or without a shelter = ___________________________________
5. to make ends meet = to have enough money to pay for the basic
sobreviver
things you need = ___________________________________________
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
‘Brain drain” refere-se a
uma séria ameaça à saúde mental.
uma queda no número de pessoas qualificadas.
problemas de moradia na Espanha.
falta de empregos disponíveis na Espanha.
medidas econômicas austeras devido à alta inflação.
RESOLUÇÃO:
Resposta: B
ANOTAÇÕES
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– 95
INGLÊS E
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MÓDULO 26
TEXT
The Modern Matchmakers
Sex and love
Internet dating sites claim to have brought science to
the age-old question of how to pair off successfully. But
___________ they?
FOR as long as humans have romanced each other, others
have wanted to meddle. Whether those others were parents,
priests, friends or bureaucrats, their motive was largely the
same: they thought they knew what it took to pair people off better than those people knew themselves.
Today, though, there is a new matchmaker in the village: the internet. It differs from the old ones in two ways.
First, its motive is purely profit. Second, single wannabe lovers are queuing up to use it, rather than resenting
its adverse criticism. For internet dating sites promise two things that neither traditional matchmakers nor
chance encounters at bars, bus-stops and bar mitzvahs offer. One is a vastly greater choice of potential
partners. The other is a scientifically proven way of matching suitable people together, enhancing the chance
of “happily ever after”.
The greater choice is unarguable. But does it lead to better outcomes? And do the “scientifically tested
algorithms” actually work, and deliver the goods in ways that traditional courtship (or, at least, flirtation)
cannot manage? These are the questions asked by a team of psychologists led by Eli Finkel of Northwestern
University, in Illinois, in a paper released—probably not coincidentally—a few days before St Valentine’s
Day. This paper, published in Psychological Science in the Public Interest, reviews studies carried out by
many groups of psychologists since the earliest internet dating site, Match.com, opened for business in 1995.
In it, Dr Finkel and his colleagues cast a sceptical eye over the whole multi-billion-dollar online dating industry,
and they are deeply unconvinced.
(The Economist – adapted)
VOCABULARY
Now, fill in the sentences with these expressions.
age-old
a) That dresser is more than a hundred years old. It’s an _____________
piece of furniture.
I.
1. A matchmaker is a person who introduces one person to another in
an attempt to make them form a relationship.
2. Dating is a social meeting planned in advance, such as one between
two people who are or might become sexual partners.
3. age-old = very old, ancient
INGLÊS E
4. to pair off = when two people pair off or are paired off, they form a
group of two especially to begin a loving relationship.
96 –
matchmaker
b) The ________________________
slyly persuaded John and Susan
to go on a date.
pairing off
c) All my friends seem to be _____________________________
and
getting married.
dating
d) Mike was tired of ________________________
and wanted to get
married.
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5. The bar is frequented by wannabe actresses and film directors.
II. Match the columns.
1. whether
1
e
a) pai / mãe
2. parent
2
a
b) entretanto
3. though
3
b
c) encontro
4. to differ
4
f
d) oferecer
5. rather than
5
g
e) se
6. to resent
6
h
f) diferir
7. encounter
7
c
g) em vez de
8. to offer
8
d
h) ressentir-se de, ofender-se com
aspirante, pretenso
* wannabe = ________________________________________________
6. The cars in the funeral procession queued up at the church.
fazer fila
* to queue up = _____________________________________________
7. He can’t accept criticism – he just stops listening and starts shouting.
crítica, desaprovação
* criticism = ________________________________________________
8. Jane looked for a video that was suitable for young children.
adequado
* suitable = _________________________________________________
Now, fill in the sentences with the vocabulary studied above.
encounter
a) Our _______________________
at the train station caught me by
surprise.
resented
b) Mary ________________________
John’s promotion because she
thought she deserved it.
though
c) I am exhausted after working so hard __________________________
I have to be OK when the guests come.
differ
d) Although the chairs look alike, they ____________________________
from each other in their construction.
offered
e) He has kindly ______________________
to take us to the airport.
IV. Match the columns
1. partner
1
b
a) combinar
2. proven
2
c
b) parceiro
3. to match
3
a
c) comprovada
4. actually
4
e
d) funcionar
5. to work
5
d
e) na verdade
6. St. Valentine’s Day
6
f
f) Dia dos Namorados
V. Turn into English.
1. Na verdade, eu conheci o meu parceiro no Dia dos Namorados.
Actually I met my partner on St. Valentine’s Day.
whether
f) Do you know _______________________
Jane is coming with us?
parent
g) I am the ____________________________
of a healthy baby boy.
rather than
h) I’d like to stay at home __________________________
going out.
VI. AS LONG AS
Translate the underlined expressions.
1. Is this one as long as that one?
III. Find out the meanings of the following expressions.
tão longo quanto
= __________________________________________________________
1. John romanced his neighbor with candy, flowers and gifts.
cortejar, “xavecar”
* to romance = ______________________________________________
2. Don’t meddle in other people’s business.
interferir
* to meddle = _______________________________________________
2. = so long as = provided that
As long as you do what you are told, everything will be fine.
contanto que
= __________________________________________________________
3. = so long as = since = given the fact that…
As long as you are going to the kitchen, please bring me some
3. Priests, ministers and rabbis came to the convention of religious
leaders.
sacerdote
* priest = ___________________________________________________
popcorn.
já que
= __________________________________________________________
4. = during the period of time that …
lucro
* profit = ___________________________________________________
As long as I have worked here, we have always had half-hour lunch
breaks.
enquanto
= __________________________________________________________
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INGLÊS E
4. Last year, our company made a modest profit.
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VII. Verbs
Complete the following sentences. Use the verbs from the chart.
IX. Turn the excerpts from the text into Portuguese.
1. “The greater choice is unarguable”.
liderar
1. to lead – led – led = ______________________________________
“A escolha maior é indiscutível”.
conseguir
2. to manage = _____________________________________________
realizar
3. to carry out = ____________________________________________
2. “… the whole multi-billion-dolar on line dating industry…”
publicar
4. to release = ______________________________________________
“… toda a indústria de namoro online de muitos bilhões de dólares…”
examinar, rever
5. to review = ______________________________________________
aperfeiçoar, melhorar
6. to enhance = ____________________________________________
TEXT COMPREHENSION
managed
a) We ___________________________
to solve the problem without
your help.
to enhance
b) What can we do _______________________________
our chances of
victory?
led
c) The research was _______________________
by the project director.
released
d) The police ___________________________________
the names of the
victims last night.
1. No que se refere à combinação de pessoas para um futuro relacionamento amoroso, pode-se afirmar, segundo o texto, que
a) os pais interferem na escolha dos filhos de forma negativa.
b) os sacerdotes não sabem o que realmente é necessário para uma
boa escolha.
c) Dr. Finkel ainda tem dúvida se a internet possibilita uma escolha mais
bem sucedida.
d) as pessoas interessadas em um relacionamento sabem melhor o
que deve ser feito para serem bem sucedidas.
e) a internet nunca superará os encontros reais de pessoas em lugares
públicos.
RESOLUÇÃO:
Resposta: C
carry out
e) John will ________________________
his assignment on time.
reviewed
f) My boss ______________________
my request for more supplies.
2. O verbo que preenche adequadamente a lacuna no subtítulo do texto é
a) do
b) have
c) are
d) did
e) had
RESOLUÇÃO:
Resposta: B
VIII.
NEITHER … NOR
Turn into English.
1. Eu não gosto nem de marrom nem de amarelo.
I like neither brown nor yellow.
2. “Você viu o ladrão? Como ele é?” “Ele não é nem baixo nem alto”.
“Have you seen the thief? What is he like?”
“He is neither short nor tall.”
3. In “But does it lead to better outcomes?” A palavra sublinhada é
traduzida por
a) relacionamentos.
b) resultados.
c) escolhas.
d) parceiros.
e) recursos.
RESOLUÇÃO:
Resposta: B
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
“… cast a sceptical eye…” significa
examinaram cuidadosamente…
lançaram um olhar duvidoso…
olharam e acreditaram numa solução…
desviaram o olhar…
não deram atenção…
INGLÊS E
RESOLUÇÃO:
Resposta: B
98 –
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MÓDULO 27
GRAMMAR – PASSIVE VOICE
OBSERVAÇÕES
Veja estes exemplos:
This castle was built in 1614.
My car was stolen last night.
1
Se o verbo na voz ativa for seguido de preposição, a
preposição acompanha o verbo na voz passiva.
Usa-se a voz passiva quando não é tão importante
quem ou o que fez a ação.
Everybody is talking about Jane’s divorce.
Forma:
Jane’s divorce is being talked about (by
everybody).
Active voice
sujeito
wrote that book.
2
verbo
Verbos com dois objetos (direto e indireto) admitem duas
formas de passiva.
objeto direto
Passive voice
Someone gave Jim the money.
OI
That book was written by a famous writer.
sujeito da
passiva
•
verbo
agente da
passiva
a) The money was given to Jim.
b) Jim was given the money.
They will give Mary the message.
O objeto direto da voz ativa (that book) transforma-se em sujeito da voz passiva.
•
O sujeito da voz ativa (a famous writer) transformase em agente da passiva, precedido pela preposição BY.
•
Usamos o verbo BE (no mesmo tempo do verbo principal da voz ativa) + PAST PARTICIPLE do verbo
principal.
Veja outros exemplos:
OD
OI
OD
a) The message will be given to Mary.
b) Mary will be given the message.
3
O agente da passiva é normalmente omitido quando não
for importante, desconhecido ou óbvio no contexto da
oração.
A.V.:
P.V.:
Waitresses and waiters serve customers.
Customers are served by waitresses and
waiters.
A.V.:
P.V.:
Shirley has suggested a new idea.
A new idea has been suggested by Shirley.
A.V.:
P.V.:
John will invite Jennifer to the party.
Jennifer will be invited to the party by John.
Sally was hit BY a boy.
Sally was hit WITH a stone.
A.V.:
P.V.:
They can’t open the window.
The window can’t be opened.
The photos were taken BY Paul.
The photos were taken WITH a very cheap
camera.
The new hotel will be opened in November.
A decision will not be made until next
meeting.
•
WITH + instrumento
Usamos WITH para indicar o instrumento usado pelo
agente para fazer algo.
– 99
INGLÊS E
A famous writer
C6_Ingles_E_2014_Tata 09/06/14 15:21 Página 100
A) Change the following sentences to the Passive Voice.
1. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
4. The windows are being cleaned by the maid.
The maid is cleaning the windows.
Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
5. All traffic laws must be obeyed.
2. Jack will not pay the bill.
People must obey all traffic laws.
The bill won’t be paid by Jack.
3. The painters are painting the church now.
C) Circle the correct Passive Voice.
The church is being painted by the painters now.
4. Someone has sent Mary some flowers (2 forms).
1. Pandas ______________________ from extinction.
a) ought be saved
b) should save
c) must to be saved
d) should be saved
e) will be save
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: D
a) Some flowers have been sent to Mary.
b) Mary has been sent some flowers.
5. They had to cut down that tree.
That tree had to be cut down.
B) Change the following sentences to the Active Voice.
1. A letter is being written by Tom.
Tom is writing a letter.
2. I _____________________ a telegram when I answered the door.
a) am handed
b) have handed
c) was handed
d) will be handed
e) must be handed
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
3. I don’t mind driving but I prefer ____________ by other people.
a) to drive
b) to be driven
c) to have driven
d) was driven
e) will be driven
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: B
2. Other attacks have been planned by terrorists.
Terrorists have planned other attacks.
4. How many people _____________________ in road accidents every
month?
a) is injured
b) have injured
c) should be injured
d) are injured
e) are been injured
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: D
3. A new hospital is going to be built in this area.
They are going to build a new hospital in this area.
INGLÊS E
100 –
5. Go away! I want _______________________ alone.
a) to be leave
b) to be lived
c) to have left
d) to be left
e) to have being left
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: D
C6_Ingles_E_2014_Tata 09/06/14 15:21 Página 101
FUVEST
Texto para as questões de 1 a 3.
3. O pronome “another” (L. 3) na sentença “…the chances of finding
another…” refere-se a
a) país.
b) trabalhador.
c) emprego.
d) oportunidade.
e) recorde.
UNICAMP
Responda em Português.
THE SURPRISING TRUTH ABOUT WOMEN’S HEARTS
5
10
Last month America's unemployment rate climbed to 8,1%,
the highest in a quarter of a century. For those newly out of a job,
the chances of finding another soon are the worst since records
began 50 years ago. In China 20m migrant workers (maybe 3% of
the labour force) have been laid off. Cambodia's textile industry, its
main source of exports, has cut one worker in ten. In Spain the
building bust has pushed the jobless rate up by two-thirds in a year,
to 14.8% in January. And in Japan, where official unemployment
used to be all but unknown, tens of thousands of people on
temporary contracts are losing not just their jobs but also the
housing provided by their employers.
The next phase of the world's economic downturn is taking
shape: a global jobs crisis. Its contours are only just becoming clear,
but the severity, breadth and likely length of the recession, together
15 with changes in the structure of labour markets in both rich and
emerging economies, suggest the world is about to undergo its
biggest increase in unemployment for decades.
The Economist, March 14th 2009.
1. De acordo com o texto, publicado em março de 2009,
a) o aumento de postos de trabalho é vital para as economias
emergentes.
b) a crise mundial poderia afetar sobretudo os países mais pobres.
c) a estrutura do mercado de trabalho vigente em países ricos é a
principal responsável pela crise.
d) o mundo poderia enfrentar a maior crise de desemprego das últimas
décadas.
e) a crise que a economia mundial vivencia vem sendo anunciada há
décadas.
While women are less likely to suffer heart attacks than men, once
a woman suffers her first attack she is 70 per cent more likely to die
from it than a man. These surprising new findings highlight the need for
medical staff to be more vigilant against heart disease in women.
Researchers at the Municipal Institute of Medical Research in
Barcelona studied 331 women and 1129 men who had suffered their
first heart attack. The researchers report in The Journal of the American
Medical Association (vol. 280, p. 1405) that women were 72 per cent
more likely to die within the first 28 days, and 73 per cent more likely to
die within the first six months. “We were surprised that women were
so much more at risk,” says Jaume Marrugat, who led the Spanish
team.
Marrugat notes that women were less likely to get clot-busting
treatment than men, and that they generally took more time getting to
hospital – problems that may reflect the low priority doctors put on heart
disease in women. Heart specialist Graham McGregor of St George’s
Hospital Medical School in London also notes that women tend to be
older than men at their first heart attack because they have some
hormonal protection against heart disease until menopause. On average,
women in the Spanish study were five years older than the men.
“These are important factors to consider but they can’t account for
the whole difference,” says Marrugat. “Women have more
complications in the first six months and their initial heart attacks may
be more severe.” He speculates that narrower coronary vessels in
women may be a factor. Nonetheless, heart disease remains a bigger
killer of men than women.
Michael Day
2. Segundo o texto, no Japão,
a) o número oficial de desempregados é desconhecido.
b) milhares de pessoas estão perdendo seus empregos e sua moradia.
c) grande parte dos trabalhadores possui contratos temporários de
4. Considerando as razões apresentadas pelos pesquisadores, qual é
the surprising truth about women’s hearts?
trabalho.
muitos não são oficiais.
e) os desempregados estão lutando para manter suas casas.
5. Por que, segundo Graham McGregor, as mulheres tendem a sofrer
seus primeiros ataques cardíacos em idade mais avançada que os
homens?
– 101
INGLÊS E
d) os empregadores omitem o número de postos de trabalho porque
C6_Ingles_E_2014_Tata 09/06/14 15:21 Página 102
UFPel
Leia o texto abaixo, que trata de uma forma moderna de escravidão, e
responda às questões seguintes.
7. O segundo e o terceiro parágrafos do texto nos permitem afirmar
que
a) os números do trabalho escravo poderiam ser maiores se a
sociedade não escondesse o problema.
b) os números do trabalho escravo são menores do que o esperado
pela sociedade.
c) os números do trabalho escravo podem aumentar à medida que a
ILO divulgar suas recentes pesquisas.
d) os números do trabalho escravo diminuiriam se as diferentes
sociedades tivessem uma visão global do problema.
e) os números do trabalho escravo seriam alterados se as leis fossem
melhoradas pela “International Labour Organization”.
Millions ‘live in modern slavery’
8. O sexto parágrafo do texto contém duas informações. Assinale a
Some 12.3 million people are enslaved worldwide, according to a major
a) O fato de o trabalho escravo também ocorrer em países
alternativa que expressa a relação entre elas.
report.
1–
industralizados é inesperado.
The International Labour Organization says 2.4 million of them
are victims of trafficking, and their labour generates profits of over
$30bn.
2–
The ILO says that while the figures may be lower than recent
the problem.
The report calls for a global alliance to improve laws and raise
awareness of what it calls a “hidden” issue.
4–
ultrapassam 350.000.
c) Os índices de trabalho escravo no mundo industrializado são maiores
estimates, they reflect reported cases which may rise as societies face
3–
b) Os números do trabalho escravo no mundo industrializado
The report, entitled A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour, is
do que aqueles nos países pobres da Ásia e na América Latina.
d) O fato de haver altos índices de trabalho escravo no mundo
industrializado é previsível.
e) Os números do trabalho escravo são maiores nos países pobres da
Ásia e na América Latina.
the ILO’s second major investigation into slavery this century.
5–
The organisation says forced labour is a global problem, in all
regions and types of economy.
6–
The largest numbers are in poor Asian countries and Latin
America, but there are more than 350,000 cases in the industrialised
world.
7–
ILO ajudou a revelar uma expressiva quantidade de
Four-fifths of forced labour is exacted by private agents and
most victims are women and children, the ILO says.
8–
The report has uncovered a significant amount of the kinds of
forced labour which have been known about for a long time.
9–
An example is bonded labour – where children are forced to do
the same jobs as their parents, whithout hope of release.
10 –
9. A leitura do oitavo parágrafo nos permite afirmar que o relatório da
a) novos tipos de trabalhos forçados.
b) tipos de trabalhos forçados previstos para durarem por muito tempo.
c) tipos de trabalhos forçados nunca antes imaginados.
d) tipos de trabalhos forçados há pouco tempo conhecidos.
e) tipos de trabalhos forçados já conhecidos.
Modern slavery is growing in some conflict zones, with the
seizure of children as soldiers or sex slaves.
11 –
But the report see the biggest deterioration in the newly
globalised economy, in sectors such as the sex industry, agriculture,
10. A expressão “bonded labour”, localizada no nono parágrafo do texto,
construction and domestic service.
(...)
significa que
a) parentes, exceto filhos menores de idade, são obrigados a ajudar
6. Assinale a alternativa que não apresenta um tipo de trabalho forçado
referido no texto.
seus familiares.
b) filhos estão fadados ao mesmo tipo de trabalho dos pais.
a) Trabalho rural.
b) Servidão sexual.
c) crianças são escravizadas pelos parentes.
c) Tráfico de drogas.
d) Serviço doméstico.
d) pais forçam seus filhos a substituí-los no trabalho.
INGLÊS E
e) Uso de criança como soldados.
102 –
e) crianças são convencidas a seguir a profissão de seus pais.
C6_Ingles_E_2014_Tata 03/07/14 16:36 Página 103
UNICAMP
Responda em Português.
Tan tattoos
through, leaving a pattern on the skin. To prevent sunburn, the window
areas can be blocked off with fabric that could be secured using a
fastening material such as Velcro. Alternatively, the inventor suggests
that sunbathers could place intricately designed stickers on their bodies.
Peeling them off would reveal an untanned pattern.
(New Scientist)
11. Qual é a novidade anunciada no artigo?
12. Quais são as duas formas sugeridas para se obter a novidade em
questão?
Forget about the pain of a real tattoo, says Nobuyuki Shimooka of
Osaka in Japan. Why not let the sun do the job instead (EP 962 155)?
Anyone who fancies a tattoo that will soon fade dons a special swimsuit
which has small patterned windows cut out of the fabric. The sun shines
1) Resposta: D
2) Resposta: B
9) Resposta: E
3) Resposta: C
4) As mulheres têm menos probabilidade de sofrer ataques
cardíacos do que os homens; mas, quando sofrem o seu
primeiro ataque, têm probabilidade 70% maior de morrer do
que os homens.
5) Porque elas contam com proteção hormonal contra doenças do
coração até o período da menopausa.
6) Resposta: C
7) Resposta: A
10) Resposta: B
11)Tatuagens feitas por meio de bronzeamento.
12)Usar roupas de banho vazadas (com partes de tecido retiradas)
ou aplicar sobre a pele adesivos que evitam o bronzeamento
no local.
– 103
INGLÊS E
8) Resposta: A
C6_Ingles_E_2014_Tata 09/06/14 15:21 Página 104
ANOTAÇÕES
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INGLÊS E
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104 –