Relatório de Viagem – Reunião do ACRIDICON-CHUVA em

Relatório de Viagem – Reunião do ACRIDICON-CHUVA em Mainz, Alemanha dias 4 e 5 de Março
de 2015.
A reunião teve a presença dos responsáveis pelos instrumentos das aeronaves, dos alunos
envolvidos e dos responsáveis científicos da missão ACRIDICON-CHUVA. O local foi o Max Planck
Institute for Chemistry em Mainz, Alemanha.
A reunião ocorreu na quinta e sexta feira. Na reunião apresentei os estudos que estão sendo
elaborados dentro do projeto CHUVA relacionados com a campanha aérea que ocorreu em
setembro de 2014 em Manaus: a) um estudo sobre a formação de nuvens sobre floresta e
pastagem, b) um estudo sobre a validação do satélite GPM e outro sobre c) as características das
distribuições de gotas de nuvens em função da qualidade do ar (ambientes poluídos e limpos).
Na reunião foi apresentado o status da compilação dos dados de cada instrumento e os tópicos de
pesquisa que estão sendo avaliados. Além da discussão sobre cada instrumento, os primeiros
resultados e as equipes envolvidas, foram definidos na reunião os seguintes pontos: a) Haverá um
número especial da revista ACP (Atmopheric Chemistry and Physics) com submissão iniciando em
Setembro de 2015 e se encerrando em Junho 2016; b) Será proposta uma sessão especial
Goamazon-Acridicon-Chuva na reunião da American Geophysical Union, em dezembro de 2015; c)
Foi definido um Worskhop do projeto no Brasil em março de 2016; d) Foi elaborada uma lista de
tópicos científicos que estão sendo desenvolvidos para fomentar a colaboração e participação e
pesquisadores brasileiros na pesquisa (lista em anexo).
A reunião foi muito produtiva, tanto do ponto de vista das discussões científicas, bem como a
cerca do processamento dos dados e dos diversos resultados preliminares que estão sendo
obtidos. Contudo, considero como o principal resultado desta reunião o desenvolvimento de
procedimentos para estimular a parceria destes estudos com a comunidade científica brasileira.
Luiz A T Machado
Scientific Questions
1.
Science question
What determines the height for warm rain
initiation and cloud glaciation?
people
Danny
Input Data instruments
Cloud and precipitation probes
Updrafts
CCN
Interested people
Danny
Input Data instruments
Cloud and precipitation probes
Updrafts
CCN
Interested people
Danny
Input Data instruments
HAI, SHARK
Cloud probes
Updrafts and temperatures
CCN
Interested people
Danny
Input Data instruments
Cloud and precipitation probes
SP2
CCN
CO
Hypothesis:
Smaller cloud drops cause colder glaciation
temperatures, so factors reducing drop size
also elevate glaciation height.
2.
Science question
How much latent heat of freezing depends
on early rainout?
Hypothesis:
Cloud aerosol invigoration occurs, in part,
due to aerosols preventing early rainout of
cloud water from reaching the freezing
level.
3.
Science question
How much supersaturation and unrealized
latent heating occurs under various
conditions in clouds?
Hypothesis:
Warm cloud un-invigoration might occur
due high S as a result of low condensation
sinks in raining clouds.
4.
Science question
What is the relation between the top
heights of detrained PBL- originated
aerosols and the height for rain initiation?
Hypothesis:
PBL aerosols serve as CCN and detrain as
long as cloud drops evaporate instead of
coalesce and precipitate. Deeper clouds
cause deeper aerosol layer with greater
AOD, leading to positive associations
between cloud "invigoration" and AOD.
5.
Science question
Retrieving CCN from space by using clouds
as CCN chambers
Interested people
Danny
Mira
Input Data instruments
CCN from all sources and
locations
Cloud base updrafts from lidar
and aircraft
Interested people
Florian,Jäkel,Kölling
(?)
Danny
Input Data instruments
Eagle Eye cloud scanner
NPP/VIIRS
Aircraft cloud probes
Interested people
Andy et al, Joachim
Input Data instruments
Hypothesis:
Satellite retrieved cloud base updrafts and
Nd provide S, and thus CCN(S). This requires
more validation against observations.
6.
Science question
How accurate can we remotely sense cloud
vertical profiles of Re and phase by aircraft
cloud scanner and satellite?
Hypothesis:
Cloud scanners can provide useful vertical
profiles. Compare satellite to cloud scanner.
Validate against aircraft measurements.
7.
Science question
Production of CCN aerosols in deep
convection
8.
Science question
Influence of deep convection on particle
formation and vert aerosol distribution
Interested people
Fütterer, Joachim
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Schneider, Mertes,
Weigel, Schlager
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Luiz
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Luiz
Input Data instruments
9.
Science question
Life cycle of aerosol particles, activation
transport tranmsformation outflow,
polluted-nonpolluted
10.
Science question
How clouds move from Cb to precipitation,
lightning
11.
Science question
Forested-deforested cloud contrast
12.
Science question
IWC and microphysics in the outflow and
effects of pollution
Interested people
Christiane Voigt
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Martina et al,
Joachim
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Mira, Martina
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Micael
Input Data instruments
13.
Science question
Cloud properties in mixed-phase and cirrus
regimes
14.
Science question
CCN versus CDN
15.
Science question
Characterization of cloud hydrometeor size
distribution, charc/parametrization as a
function of pollution …
16.
Science question
Nitrogen oxides biomass burning versus
lightning
Interested people
Helmut
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Bernadett
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Max
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Tobias, Evi
Input Data instruments
17.
Science question
HASI charactzerization
18.
Science question
Vertical carbon distribution
19.
Science question
Dust layers, trace gases detected with
specMACS
20.
Science question
specMACS and HAI
Interested people
Uli, Tobias,
Bernhard, PMS
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Emma, Ralf
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Mira, Christopher
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Schumann,
Bodenschatz,
Bernhard
Input Data instruments
21.
Science question
Ice particle microphysics in outflow
vertical/spatial structure effects of
pollution and scattering properties
22.
Science question
BC coating mechanism
23.
Science question
Turbulence in clouds
24.
Science question
Back-trajectories and meteorological
conditions, aerosol time series (ATTO and
regional)
Interested people
Luiz, Heini,
Manfred, Mira,
Christopher
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Fabian, Micael, Luiz,
Tobias
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Luiz, Ramon,
Bernhard
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Christopher
Input Data instruments
25.
Science question
LES and droplet statistics, radiative transfer
26.
Science question
How representative are aircraft
measurements in regional scale (G1, HALO
comparison)
27.
Science question
WRF-CHEM simulations
28.
Science question
Outflow and natural cirrus microphysical
retrievals: Satellite versus aircraft
Interested people
Trismono
Input Data instruments
Interested people
Hans, Helmut
Input Data instruments
29.
Science question
Several topics related to outflow and
vertical transport
Relatório Viagem ao SIMEPAR e EPAGRI
Período: 25 a 27 de Julho
Objetivo: Discutir a implementação de pesquisa realizada no Projeto CHUVA nos radares de dupla
polarização destas Instituições.
A viagem permitiu visitar o SIMEPAR, em Curitiba e o EPAGRI, em Florianópolis para propor
medidas em seus novos radares de dupla polarização baseado nos resultados obtidos no projeto
CHUVA.
Em cada Instituição foi apresentada uma palestra apresentando os resultados que o CHUVA
obteve utilizando radar de dupla polarização para a realização de previsão imediata e estimativa
da precipitação e propondo uma utilização dessas técnicas para a validação dos procedimentos em
um ambiente operacional.
Estratégias para esse desenvolvimento foram elaboradas, em cada Instituição.
Luiz A T Machado
Relatório de Viagem.
Local: Toulouse França (Laboratoire de Aerologie – CNRS) e Haia-Holanda (Congresso do GEWEX –
Ciclo Global da água e da energia).
Período: de 8 a 11 em Toulouse e de 12 a 18 em Haia.
O objetivo da viagem em Toulouse foi terminar simulações com o modelo numérico de previsão
Meso-NH para estudar a organização das nuvens durante a campanha do CHUVA em Santa Maria.
Este trabalho mostra que os modelos de previsão de tempo não organizam as nuvens como elas
são observadas na natureza (satélite e radar). Os modelos numéricos de previsão apresentam uma
maior quantidade de nuvens pequenas que observada na natureza. Simulações com diferentes
parametrizações da turbulência mostram que as simulações com turbulência e três dimensões,
representando os fluxos laterais de turbulência apresentam uma descrição muito mais precisa do
campo de nuvens que com parametrizações em uma dimensão. Nesse período foram realizadas
simulações para análise do entranhamento de ar nas nuvens e elaborado planejamento das etapas
para a conclusão do estudo. Esse trabalho foi apresentado na reunião do GEWEX e o resumo se
encontra abaixo.
Em Haia ocorreu a reunião do GEWEX que conta com os maiores especialistas em medidas pro
satélites e preparação de bases globais para estudo do clima. Nessa reunião foram apresentados
os dois estudos abaixo. A reunião teve reuniões paralelas como o Grupo de preparação de dados
Globais, na qual participei como convidado e as apresentações do Congresso e posters conforme
programa descrito abaixo.
Resumos dos estudos apresentados:
From Clouds to Rainfall, from Storm to Thunderstorm: The CHUVA Project
Luiz A. T. Machado, Enrique Mattos and Alan Calheiros.
CPTEC-INPE Brazil
The Characteristics of the clouds, rainfall and storms and thunderstorms in Brazil is studied using
the data form the CHUVA Project. CHUVA, meaning “rain” in Portuguese, is the acronym for the
Cloud processes of tHe main precipitation systems in Brazil: A contribUtion to cloud resolVing
modeling and to the GPM (GlobAl Precipitation Measurement). The CHUVA project (2010 to the
present) has conducted five field campaigns; the sixth and last campaign will be held in Manaus
from February to October2014. CHUVA's main scientific motivation is to contribute to the
understanding of cloud processes, which represent one of the least understood components of
the weather and climate system. The five CHUVA campaigns were designed to measure specific
tropical weather regimes. The first two experiments, Alcântara and Fortaleza, in northeast Brazil
focused on warm clouds. The third campaign, conducted in Belém, was dedicated to the large
tropical squall lines that often form along the sea-breeze front. The fourth campaign was in the
Paraiba Valley of southeastern Brazil, which is a region with intense lightning activity; the main
goal was to study the cloud process evolution from deep convection to thunderstorms. The fifth
campaign was carried out at the end of 2012 in Santa Maria, southern Brazil, a region of very
intense hailstorms associated with frequent mesoscale convective complexes. The data collected
from contrasting precipitation regimes in tropical continental regions allow to study the various
cloud processes in diverse environments to be compared. This study focus on the cloud processes
intercomparison, among regions and cloud types and in the evolution of storms to thunderstorms.
These studies employed XPOl radar, microwave radiometers, disdrometers and lightning mapping
array. The most different microphysical behavior between storms and thunderstorm was the
higher reflectivity, negative Zdr and Kdp above the melting layer. The convective clouds exhibit
regional difference, for instance, more intense processes in the mixed layer was found in Vale do
Paraiba, probably due to the large amount of supercooled water and graupel. In Belém clouds
have more important glaciated layers (larger reflectivities above -15C) and higher cloud tops. We
will present the polarimetric differences between storm and thunderstorms and the typical
microphysical properties of cloud types in each region of Brazil.
Cloud Organization Assessed by Radar and Satellite Observation: Effect of Turbulence
Parameterization
J.P. Chaboureau and L.A.T. Machado
Laboratoire d'Aerologie, Univ. Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse, France
INPE/CPTEC, Cachoeira Paulista/SP, Brazil
This study evaluates the cloud and rain cell organization in space and time as forecasted by a
cloud-resolving model. The forecasted fields were utilized to generate synthetic satellite and radar
images for comparison with Meteosat Second Generation and S-band radar observations. The
comparison was made using a tracking technique that computes the size and lifetime of cloud and
rain distributions and provides histograms of radiative quantities and cloud top height. The
tracking technique was innovatively applied to test the sensitivity of forecasts to the turbulence
parameterization. The simulations with 1D turbulence produced too many small cloud systems
and rain cells with a shorter lifetime than observed. The 3D turbulence simulations yielded size
and lifetime distributions that were very consistent with the observations. Further tests were
performed on the sensitivity to the cloud mixing length. Cloud organization was very sensitive to
cloud mixing length and the use of a very small value increased the number of small cells, much
more than the simulations with 1D turbulence. With a larger mixing length, the total number of
cells, mainly the small ones, was strongly reduced. A small cloud mixing length led to more total
column integrated rain, ice and graupel and less cloud water than with a larger one. The vertical
profiles of turbulent kinetic energy for each type of turbulent parameterization show that the
scheme with 3D turbulence describes the cloud evolution very consistently with what was
observed by satellite.
7th International Scientific Conference on the Global Water and Energy Cycle
The World Forum, The Hague, The Netherlands
14-17 July 2014
Preliminary Program
MONDAY, 14 JULY 2014
0700-
Conference Registration
Session 1 – Trending Now: Water (Chair: Bert Holtslag, Wageningen University)
Opening and Welcome
0845-0850
0850-0900
0900-0905
– Bert Holtslag (Wageningen University)
– Martin Kropff (Vice-President, Rector Magnificus, Wageningen University) – Antonio J. Busalacchi (Chair, Joint Scientific Committee, World Climate Research Programme)
0905-0915
Expectations for the Conference and GEWEX Science Questions – Kevin Trenberth (National Center for
Atmospheric Research)
0915-0945Water and Society – Howard Wheater (University of Saskatchewan)
0945-1005
Water in The Netherlands – Wim Kuijken (Commissioner of the Dutch Delta Programme)
1005-1025
Future prospects for Closing Water Budgets Over Land – Eric Wood (Princeton University)
1025-1030
Logistics for Panels, Posters, and Sessions – Peter van Oevelen (International GEWEX Project Office)
Session 2 – Global Observations of Water and Energy Cycles (Chair: Toshio Koike, University of Tokyo)
1100-1130
Energy Budgets – Kevin Trenberth (National Center for Atmospheric Research)
1130-1150
Closing Water Budgets Over the Ocean – Carol Ann Clayson (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute)
1150-1210
A Synthesis of Water Budgets in Reanalyses and Observations – Michael Bosilovich (National Aeronautics
and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center)
1210-1240
Panel: GEWEX Data Analysis and Assessments –
Chair: Toshio Koike (University of Tokyo); Christian Kummerow (Colorado State University); Norman Loeb
(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
1240-1400
Lunch and Poster Viewing
1400-1500
Session 3 – Posters
Topic 1. Advancing climate system knowledge through new observations and field experiments
Conveners: Philippe Drobinski (Ecole Polytechnique), Jeffrey Walker (Monash University)
Topic 9. Use of climate information and predictions in hydrology and water resources management
Conveners: Eric Wood (Princeton University) Marc Bierkens (Utrecht University), Jan Verkade (Delft University of Technology)
Topic 15. Biosphere, water, carbon and the climate system
Conveners: Markus Reichstein (Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry), Stephen Sitch (University of
Exeter)
Topic 16. New satellite observations for water cycle research and their utility in land surface model assessment and
development
Conveners: Jay Famiglietti (University of California, Irvine), Xin Li (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Dai
Yamazaki (JAMSTEC)
Topic 21. The coupling of clouds, precipitations, and radiation to the large-scale circulation
Conveners: Sandrine Bony (LMD/IPSL), Chris Bretherton (University of Washington)
Topic 22. Improving the representation, cloud, and radiation processes in atmospheric models
Conveners: Jon Petch (Met Office), Robert Pincus (University of Colorado), Steve Woolnough (University
of Reading)
Topic 23. Improving the understanding and modeling of the land-atmosphere interface
Conveners: Paul Dirmeyer (GMU), Bert Holtslag (Wageningen University), Adrian Lock (Met Office),
Joseph Santanello (NASA/GSFC)
1
MONDAY, 14 JULY 2014 (Continued)
1530-1730
1830
Session 4 – Parallel Oral Presentations
Topic:
2. Advances in Analyses and
Energy Cycles
Co-Chairs:
Jörg Schulz (EUMETSAT),
March Bierkens (Utrecht UniverMichael Bosilovich (NASA), and sity) and Jan Verkade (Deltares)
Mitch Moncrieff (UCAR)
Bert Holtslag (Wageningen
UR) and Paul Dirmeyer (GMU)
1530-1543
William Rossow (CREST)
Stephan Thober (UFZ)
Erick Bazile (Meteo France)
1545-1558
Amadou Gaye (UCAD)
Shraddhanand Skukla (UCSB)
Benoit Guillod (ETH Zurich)
1600-1613
Obbe Tuinenburg (LMD)
Kara Smith (NC State Univ.)
Alexis Berg (IRI)
1615-1628
Matt McCabe (KAUST)
Misako Hatono (Univ. of Tokyo)
Mansi Bhowmick (U. of Leeds)
1630-1643
Sergey Gulev (IORAS)
Albrecht Weerts (Deltares/WUR)
Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano
(Wageningen University)
1645-1658
Franklin Robertson (NASA)
Elodie Blanc (MIT)
Cathy Hohenegger (MPIM)
1700-1713
Stephanie Redi (U. of Cologne)
Chris Funk (USGS)
Volker Wulfmeyer (U. of Hohenheim
1715-1728
Paul Poli (ECMWF)
Sujan Koirala (MPIB)
Martin Best (Met Office)
9. Hydrology and Water
Management
23. Land-Atmosphere Interface
Welcome Reception
TUESDAY, 15 JULY 2014
Session 5 – Extremes (Co-Chairs: Ronald Stewart, Univ. of Manitoba and Gabi Hegerl, Univ. of Edinburgh)
0830-0900
Changes in Extremes – Xuebin Zhang (Environment Canada)
0900-0920
Observed Changes in Extremes – Lisa Alexander (Climate Change Research Centre)
0920-0940
Modeling and Prediction of Extremes – Adam Scaife (Met Office, United Kingdom)
0940-1000 Droughts - Siegfried Schubert (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
1000-1030Panel: Understanding, Attributing, and Coping with Extremes –
Chair: R
onald Stewart (University of Manitoba); Sonia Seneviratne (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich);
Gabi Hegerl (University of Edinburgh)
1100-1230 1230-1400
Session 6 – Parallel Oral Presentations
Topic:
4. Observations and Climate
Extremes
12 and 13. Anthropogenic
Effects and High Resolution
Hydrology in LSMs
22. Improving Atmospheric
Models
Co-Chairs:
Ronald Stewart (Univ. of
Manitoba) and Olga Zolina
(LGGE/UJF)
Paul Bates (Univ. of Bistrol)
and Justin Sheffield (Princeton
Univ.)
Robert Pincus (Univ. of Colorado),
Jon Petch (Met Office), and Steve
Woolnough (Univ Reading)
1100-1113
Woutert Dorigo (TU Wien)
Ruby Leung (PNNL)
Juan Pedro Mellado (MPIM)
1115-1128
Barrie Bonsai (Envir Canada)
Edwin Sutanudjaja (Utrecht U)
Chris Bretherton (U Washington)
1130-1143
Mimi Hughes (U Colorado)
Lan Wang (TU Delft)
Hugh Morrison (NCAR)
1145-1158
Geremy Panthou (INRS-ETE)
Xicai Pan (U Saskatchewan)
Jennifer Fletcher (Monash U)
1200-1213
Simon Brown (Met Office)
Dai Yamazaki (JAMSTEC)
Sylvie Malardel (ECMWF)
1215-1228
Seth Westra (U Adelaide)
Jean-P. Vergnes (Sorbonne U)
Catherine Rio (LMD)
Lunch and Poster Viewing
2
TUESDAY, 15 JULY 2014 (Continued)
1400-1500
Session 7 – Posters
Topic 2. Advances in analysis of observations, reanalysis & model results to improve energy and water cycle processes
Conveners: Jörg Schulz (EUMETSAT), Michael Bosilovich (NASA/GSFC), Mitch Moncrieff (NCAR)
Topic 4. Observations and changes in climate extremes
Conveners: Xuebin Zhang (Environment Canada), Ronald Stewart (University of Manitoba), Olga Zolina
(LGGE/UJF)
Topic 7. Characterizing, validating, and improving the water cycle in models
Conveners: Yukari Takayabu (University of Tokyo), Paul O’Gorman (MIT)
Topic 10. Land surface model benchmarking and development
Conveners: David Lawrence (NCAR), Martin Best (Met Office), Eleanor Blyth (Centre for Ecology and
Hydrology)
Topic 12. High resolution hydrological processes and sub-surface waters in land surface models
Conveners: Taikan Oki (University of Tokyo), Paul Bates (University of Bistrol), Soroosh Sorooshian (UC,
Irvine)
Topic 13. Modeling anthropogenic impacts of land-water management in land surface models
Conveners: Justin Sheffield (Princeton University), Richard Harding (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology),
Sue Grimmond (University of Reading)
Topic 17. Cold season precipitation: Projected changes in snow from observations, models, and reanalyses
Conveners: Sarah Kapnick Princeton University), Chris Derksen (Environment Canada), Ralf Bennartz
(University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Topic 20. Cloud to rainfall transitions – linking multi-parameter observations to processes and models
Conveners: Christian Kummerow (Colorado State University), Bjorn Stevens (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie), Jay Mace (University of Utah), Hugh Morrison (NCAR), Ben Shipway (Met Office)
Topic 22. Improving the representation, cloud, and radiation processes in atmospheric models
Conveners: Jon Petch (Met Office), Robert Pincus (University of Colorado), Steve Woolnough (University
of Reading)
1530-1730
Session 8 – Parallel Oral Presentations
Topic:
7. Water Cycle in Models
8. Global Precipitation
14 and 16. New Satellite Observations for Data Assimilation and
Water Cycle Research
Co-Chairs:
Paul O’Gorman (MIT) and
Yukari Takayabu (U of Tokyo)
George Huffman (NASA) and
Robert Adler (UMD)
Rolf Reichle (NASA), Xin Li (CAS),
and Dai Yamazaki (JAMSTEC)
1530-1543
William Collins (LBL)
Soroosh Sorooshian (UCI)
Patricia de Rosnay (ECMWF)
1545-1558
Peter Bechtold (ECMWF)
Robert Adler (U Maryland)
Wade Crow (USDA ARS)
1600-1613
Simona Bordoni (Caltech)
Guojun Gu (ESSIC)
Matthias Drusch (ESA)
1615-1628
Kenneth Sperber (LLNL)
Haiyan Jiang (FIU)
Sujay Kumar (SAIC/NASA)
1630-1643
William Lau (NASA)
Cyril Palerme (CNRS, LGGE)
Richard Lawford (Morgan U)
1645-1658
Angeline Pendergrass (NCAR)
Ali Behrangi (JPL)
Parag Vaze (JPL)
1700-1713
Laura Wilcox (NCAS)
Robert Joyce (NOAA/NWS)
Shunlin Liang (UMD)
1715-1728
Harald Sodemann (ETH)
George Huffman (NASA)
Fabric Papa (IRD)
3
WEDNESDAY, 16 JULY 2014
Session 9 – Plenary – Processes and Phenomena (Chair: Bart van den Hurk, KNMI)
0830-0900
Clouds, Circulation, and Climate Sensitivity–Bjorn Stevens (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology)
0900-0920
Challenges and progress in improving the atmospheric water cycle in models!–Christian Jakob
(ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia)
0920-0940 Global Land Surface Modeling–Eleanor Blyth (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology)
0940-1000
Challenges and Prospects for Predicting Monsoons– Harry Hendon (Centre for Australian Weather & Climate Research)
1000-1030
Panel: What are the biggest weaknesses in model predictions of water?
Chair: Christa Peters-Lidard (National Aeronautics and Space Administration); Graham Feingold (National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); Sandrine Bony (LMD/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)
1100-1230
Session 10 – Parallel Oral Presentations
Topic:
3. Modeling Climate Extremes
6. Predicting Monsoon Precipitation
10 and 11. The Role of Land
Co-Chairs:
Adam Scaife (Met Office) and
Sonia Seneviratne (ETH )
Harry Hendon (CAWCR/BOM) and
Jun Matsumoto (JAMSTEC)
Joseph Santanello (NASA) &
Shinjiro Kanae (Tokyo Tech)
1100-1113
Rein Haarsma (KNMI)
V. Kishnamurthi (GMU)
Aaron Boone (Meteo-France)
1115-1128
Peter Greve (ETH Zurich)
Tomonori Sato (Hokkaido U)
Phil Harris (CEH)
1130-1143
Celine Bonfils (LLNL)
David Gochis (NCAR)
Patrick Broxton (U of Arizona)
1145-1158
Bart van den Hurk (KNMI)
D. Emmanuel Poan (Météo-France) David Mocko (SAIC)
1200-1213
Bert Holtslag (Wageningen U)
Yongkang Xue (UCLA)
David Lawrence (NCAR)
1215-1228
Paul Dirmeyer (GMU)
Wilhelm May (DMI)
Manuela Grippa (GET)
1230-1400
Lunch and Poster Viewing
1400-1500
Session 11 – Poster Sessions
Topic 3. Modelling, predicting, and attributing climate extremes
Conveners: Adam Scaife (Met Office), Gabi Hegerl (University of Edinburgh), Sonia Seneviratne (ETH,
Zurich)
Topic 5.Progress towards closing global and regional water and energy budgets
Conveners: Norman Loeb (NASA/LaRC), Pete Robertson (NASA/MSFC), Taikan Oki (University of Tokyo)
Topic 6. Progress and challenges for predicting monsoon precipitation
Conveners: Harry Hendon (CAWCR/BOM), David Gochis (NCAR), Jun Matsumoto (JAMSTEC)
Topic 8. Analyzing, validating, and improving global precipitation products
Conveners: Robert Adler (University of Maryland), George Huffman (NASA/GSFC)
Topic 11. The role of land parameters and land cover change on weather and climate prediction
Conveners: Shinjiro Kanae (Tokyo Institute of Technology), Michael Ek (NOAA), Andrew Pitman (Centre of
Excellence for Climate System Science/UNSW)
Topic 14. Data-assimilation in land surface and hydrological models
Conveners: Rolf Reichle (NASA/GSFC), Patricia deRosnay (ECMWF)
Topic 18. Hydrology of high elevation areas
Conveners:. John Pomeroy (University of Saskatchewan), Richard Essery (University of Edinburgh),
Yaoming Ma (CAS)
Topic 19. Land precipitation and drought: Observations, modeling, errors, and uncertainty
Conveners: Remy Roca (CNRS), Olga Zolina (LGGE/UJF), Vincenzo Levizzani (CNR-ISAC)
Topic 23. Improving the understanding and modeling of the land-atmosphere interface
Conveners: Paul Dirmeyer (GMU), Bert Holtslag (Wageningen University), Adrian Lock (Met Office),
Joseph Santanello (NASA/GSFC)
4
WEDNESDAY, 16 JULY 2014 (Continued)
1530-1730
1900
Session 12 – Parallel Oral Presentations
Topic:
5. Energy and Water Budgets
18. High Elevation Hydrology
Co-Chairs:
Taikan Oki (Univ. of Tokyo) and John Pomeroy (Univ. SaskatchPete Robertson (NASA/MSFC) ewan), Richard Essery (Univ of
Edinburgh), Yaoming Ma (CAS)
Chris Bretherton (Univ. of
Washington) and Sandrine
Bony (LMD/IPSL)
1530-1543
Matt Rodell (NASA)
Mark Webb (Met Office)
1545-1558
Tristan L’Ecuyer (UW Madison) Alain Pietroniro (Env. Canada)
Sandrine Bony (LMD/IPSL)
1600-1613
Filipe Aires (Estellus)
John Pomeroy ( U of S)
Aiko Voigt (LDEO)
1615-1628
Albert van Dijk (ANU)
Roy Rasmussen (NCAR)
Chao-An Chen (RCEC)
1630-1643
Richard Allan (U of Reading)
Adam Winstral (USDA-ARS)
Hui Su (JPL)
1645-1658
Michael Mayer (U of Vienna)
Alvaro Ayala (ETH-Zurich)
Yen-Ting Hwang (SIO)
1700-1713
Norman Loeb (NASA)
Matthias Bernhardt (LMU)
Kevin Grise (LDEO)
1715-1728
Seiji Kato (NASA)
Ignacio López Moreno (CSIC)
Jen Kay (U of Colorado)
Yaoming Ma (CAS)
21.Coupling Clouds, Precipitation and Radiation to Circulation
Conference Banquet (Speaker: James Syvitski, International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Chair)
THURSDAY, 17 JULY 2015
Session 13 – Water Resources (Chair: Soroosh Sorooshian, University of California, Irvine)
0830-0900
Precipitation – Christian Kummerow (Colorado State University)
0900-0920Changes in land and hydrology infrastructure impacting water availability and resources–Taikan Oki (University of Tokyo)
0920-0940
Climate change impact on water resources – Richard Harding (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology)
0940-1000
New Observations – Jay Famiglietti (University of California, Irvine)
1000-1030
Panel: Water Availability, Demand, and Use –
hair: Jan Polcher, (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Paul
C
Houser (George Mason University); Jason Evans (Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales)
Session 14 – WCRP Grand Challenge on Water (Peter van Oevelen, International GEWEX Project Office)
1100-1140
Panel: WCRP Grand Challenge on Water
Chair: Peter van Oevelen; Rene Garreaud (University of Chile); Lisa Goddard (International Research Institute for
Climate and Society); Michael Ek (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); Joseph Santanello (National
Aeronautics and Space Administration)
1140-1220 Future Plans for GEWEX
– Hydrological Processes and Challenges–Graeme Stephens (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)
– Land-Atmosphere Interactions, Land Surface Exchanges and Climate Extremes–Sonia Seneviratne (ETH Zurich)
1230
Conference Adjourns
5
LABORATOIRE DE MÉTÉOROLOGIE DYNAMIQUE
Unité mixte de recherche 8539 - CNRS/ENS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC
Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace
Paris, 12/05/2014
Dear Dr. Toledo Machado,
I would like to invite you to give a seminar on the CHUVA project at the Laboratoire de
Météorologie Dynamique. If you have time, it will be also a very good opportunity to discuss with
LMD researchers about the CHUVA project and further associated projects (as GoAmazon and
RELAMPAGO), as well as recent instrumental developments. We could also discuss the use of the
CHUVA dataset in the framework of a project to study the intraseasonal variability in South
America.
Please, let me know if you have the opportunity to visit LMD for a few days, for example for
the week of 21 to 25 July after the GEWEX meeting.
Best regards
Jean-Philippe Duvel
Directeur de Recherche – CNRS
École Normale Supérieure - 24, rue Lhomond - 75231 Paris Cedex 05. Tél: 01 44 32 22 21 Fax: 01 43 36 83 92
École Polytechnique - 91128 Palaiseau Cedex. Tél: 01 69 33 41 45 Fax: 01 69 33 30 05
Université Pierre et Marie Curie – 4, place Jussieu - 75252 Paris Cedex 05. Tél: 01 44 27 50 15 Fax: 01 44 27 62 72
P.O. Box 47 | 6700 AA Wageningen | The Netherlands
Dr. Luiz A.T. Machado
Meteorology and Air
Rodovia Pres. Dutra, km 40
Quality
Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo 12630-000
Brazil
DATE
March 28, 2014
SUBJECT
Visum letter
POSTAL ADDRESS
P.O. Box 47
6700 AA Wageningen
The Netherlands
Letter of Invitation
Dear Dr. Machado,
As local organizer of the forthcoming GEWEX conference 2014 to be held in
The Hague, the Netherlands, 13 July – 18 July 2014, I cordially invite you to
VISITORS' ADDRESS
Wageningen Campus
Building 100
Droevendaalsesteeg 3a
6708 PB Wageningen
INTERNET
www.wageningenuniversity.nl
participate in this event.
COC NUMBER
We are pleased to inform you that your abstract, entitled “From Clouds to Rainfall,
HANDLED BY
from Storm to Thunderstorm: The CHUVA Project,” has been accepted as a poster
presentation for Session 20, “Cloud to rainfall transitions - Linking multi-parameter
observations to processes and models.”
09215846
Bert Holtslag
TELEPHONE
0317485519
EMAIL
For more information about the Conference, including lodging options, please see
[email protected]
http://gewex.org/2014conf/home.html.
Looking forward to meeting you in July 2014!
With kind regards,
Bert Holtslag
Professor of Meteorology
Wageningen UR (Wageningen
University and various research
institutes) is specialised in the
domain of healthy food and living
environment.
Unité Mixte de Recherche
UPS/CNRS n° 5560
March 11, 2014
To whom it may concern
I certify that Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado is inviting to spend the week 7 to 12th July
2014 at Laboratoire d’Aérologie in Toulouse, France in the framework of the CHUVA
project. This week will allow us to finishing the writing of a scientific paper submitted to
Monthly Weather Review related to the use of satellite and radar data for constraining the
representation of turbulence in a meteorological model.
Dr. Jean-Pierre CHABOUREAU
Head of the mesoscale modelling group
Laboratoire d’Aérologie
Université de Toulouse et CNRS
OMP -14 avenue Édouard Belin - 31400 Toulouse FRANCE
Tél : 05 61 33 27 68 - Fax : 05 61 33 27 90
http://www.aero.obs-mip.fr
RELATÓRIO CIENTÍFICO DE PARTICIPAÇÃO EM REUNIÃO CIENTÍFICA
PESQUISADOR ASSOCIADO: Profa. Dra. Rachel Ifanger Albrecht (IAG/USP)
PROCESSO:
2009/15235-8
PESQUISADOR RESPONSÁVEL: Dr. Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado (CPTEC/INPE)
RESUMO DAS ATIVIDADES DESENVOLVIDAS:
De 18 a 20 de Maio de 2015, a Profa. Dra. .Rachel Ifanger Albrecht participou da reunião
científica GoAmazon2014/15 Science Conference que aconteceu na School of Engineering and
Applied Sciences da Harvard University em Cambridge, MA, E.U.A.. Esta reunião teve como
objetivo promover a conscientização sobre as atividades e conclusões dos diversos projetos, grupos
e experimentos em andamento durante o GoAmazon, e assim engajar a intenção entre os
pesquisadores e rever intenções de publicações, identificando lacunas em planos atuais e sugerindo
novas publicações.
Nesta reunião a professora apresentou o trabalho intitulado “Cloud-aerosol-precipitation
interactions in deep convection and cloud electrification over the Amazon”, mostrando os
resultados preliminares na área de eletricidade atmosférica dos dois experimentos de campo do
Projeto CHUVA realizados na região de Manaus (Fevereiro-Março e Setembro-Outubro de 2014)
em conjunto com o projeto GoAmazon e ACRIDICON-CHUVA. Em sua apresentação oral (resumo
e slides anexos ao final deste relatório), a pesquisadora forneceu detalhes da estratégia de análise
das características das tempestades observadas durante o experimento, focando nos desafios de
quantificar os possíveis impactos da poluição urbana na convecção profunda e eletrificação das
nuvens, as quais possuem uma forte influência da termodinâmica e circulação local e de grande
escala. Por exemplo, foi mostrado que durante a estação de transição seca para chuvosa (Setembro)
a maioria das descargas elétricas na região de Manaus está associada à circulação de brisa fluvial do
Rio Negro, concentrando a convecção profunda na margem leste do rio, e os sistemas convectivos
profundos que atravessaram o rio (e se deslocaram por dezenas a centenas de quilômetros) estavam
associados sistemas de linhas de instabilidade organizados pelo escoamento de leste de grande
escala. A partir desse resultado foi apontada a necessidade de se investigar e caracterizar melhor a
interação entre a circulação de brisa de rio e o escoamento da larga escala, e sua função na
organização da convecção na região experimental do GoAmazon.
Após esta reunião, a professora fez uma visita de dois dias (21 a 22 de Maio de 2015) ao
ESSIC/CICS locado na Universidade de Maryland, College Park, MD, E.U.A., para discutir
detalhes de nossas análises sobre os resultados do experimento CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba e
futuras colaborações. A carta convite para esta visita está ao final deste relatório.
Cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions in deep convection and cloud
electrification over the Amazon
Rachel Albrecht, Carlos Morales, Hartmut Höller, Ramon Braga, Luiz Machado, João Neves, Jennifer
Comstock, Jason Tomlinson, Manfred Wendisch, Meinrat Andreae, Daniel Rosenfeld, Ulricht Pöschl, Jaci
Saraiva, Thiago Biscaro, Izabelly Carvalho, Alan Calheiros
The effects of aerosol on deep convection involve a very complex and non-linear system of interactions,
where the aerosol size and chemical composition, the mixing state and the ambient environment all play
a role. Aerosol particles may serve as CCN, giant CCN (GCCN), and/or ice nuclei (IN) depending on their
size distribution and chemical composition/solubility. Generally, in warm clouds an increased number of
CCN will lead to a narrower distribution of cloud droplets with decreased sizes, which inhibits the
collision-coalescence process and precipitation formation. The inhibition of warm precipitation
increases cloud lifetime and could in turn lead to deep mixed-phase convection in environmentally
favored conditions. The production of high-density ice, especially graupel, in the presence of
supercooled liquid water along with strong updrafts within the mixed-phase region have been shown to
be key ingredients for electrification that leads to lightning. Nonetheless, the rate of cloud droplet
activation is controlled not only by the number of CCN but also by cloud updraft and supersaturation.
In the Amazon, cloud updrafts are primarily controlled by the local environment thermodynamics.
During the dry-to-wet transition season (September-October), thermodynamics is significantly changed
by land cover land cover where cloud base heights are and elevated over deforested areas potentially
increasing the convective available potential energy and its processing by the updraft. Additionally, the
city of Manaus is a local polluted heat island, and during the dry-to-wet season the widespread fire
outbreaks due to agriculture and deforestation practices release large amounts of aerosols into the
atmosphere. This season is also the most active on thunderstorms and lightning production. In this
scenario, there is still uncertainty in the combined and separated effects of land cover and aerosols in
mixed-phase, deep convection and cloud electrification.
To depict cloud electrification, a total (intracloud and cloud-to-ground) lightning network based on eight
LINET (LIgnting NETwork - Nowcast) sensors was installed covering around 7,000 km2 of GoAmazon area
of interest (from Manaus towards T3-Manacapuru). A dense 1-km baseline field mill network of 6
sensors was also installed at T3 to infer cloud charge centers. Our hypothesis is that cloud charge
centers, total lightning activity and retrieved microphysics from radar and aircraft measurements (G-1
and HALO) will simultaneously show the influence of the shift from warm- to mixed-phase dominated
microphysics caused by aerosol and thermodynamic variability. Our objective is to investigate the
relative roles of large-scale, mesoscale, local environmental and aerosol forcing in deep convection and
cloud electrification by monitoring and quantifying the variation in space and time of cloud charge
centers with aerosol type and concentration, hydrometeor type, mass content, temperature, and vertical
velocity.
ACKNOWLEGMENTS: The authors would like to thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de
São Paulo (FAPESP) for supporting this project under the grant 2009/15235-8.
02/06/2015
GoAmazon2014/5 Science Conference, 18-20 May 2015, Cambridge, MA
Motivation
Cloud‐aerosol‐precipitation interactions in deep convection and cloud electrification over the Amazon
• Lightning and rainfall does not have a linear relationship:
• Rainfall is produced by modest lifting and moderate updrafts over large areas.
• Lightning production is a response from deeper lifting and strong updrafts.
Rachel I. Albrecht, Carlos A. Morales, Hartmut Höller
([email protected])
co‐authors: Ramon Braga, Luiz Machado, João Neves, Jennifer Comstock, Jason Tomlinson, Manfred Wendisch, Meinrat Andreae, Daniel Rosenfeld, Ulricht Pöschl, Jaci Saraiva, Thiago Biscaro, Izabelly
Carvalho, Alan Calheiros
Williams (2005) Atm. Res.
1
Motivation
Motivation
• The Amazon basin itself is an example of this “mismatch” on • The Amazon basin itself is an example of this “mismatch” on rainfall and lightning along the year:
2
rainfall and lightning along the year:
• well defined DRY (Jun‐Oct) and WET (Nov‐May) seasons
• well defined DRY (Jun‐Oct) and WET (Nov‐May) seasons
• well defined LIGHTNING (Sep‐Nov) season
“Green Ocean”
Manaus rainfall
3
4
1
02/06/2015
Motivation
Motivation
• The factors that controls convection (and associated rainfall • Aerosol Cloud Invigoration Effect:
and lightning) are:
• Large‐scale circulation – moisture and wet season onset
• Thermodynamics – large‐scale circulation and land cover
Depth and
area of
updraft
• Cloud microphysics – CCN/IN activation, latent heat
 Non‐trivial cloud‐aerosol‐precipitation interactions!
Rosenfeld et al. (2008) 6
5
Motivation
Motivation
• But for cloud electrification…
• Non‐inductive electric charge transfer process:
“normal” tripole – Negative t‐storms
inverted tripole – Positive t‐storms
• electric charge transfer is dependent on updraft intensity and relative ice particles velocities in the mixed phase
• too high concentration of small droplets  smaller rimed ice particles at mixed phase  decrease in total charge transferred
• However, not too high concentrations of smaller droplets and/or strong +CG
–CG
updrafts increase supercooled water content (SLWC) at mixed phase, inverting the “normal” charging polarity of graupel.
Moderated SLWC @ mixed phase
High SLWC @ mixed phase
-
+
–
7
for T<‐10oC
+
for any value of T
8
2
02/06/2015
Motivation
• SW Amazon case (Rondonia) during dry‐to‐wet season:
• After analyzing large‐scale, thermodynamics, land cover, topography, and Land Cover
September (% +CGs)
other
Motivation
aerosols, positive thunderstorms had enhanced mixed phase and the suggested causality in SW Amazon is:
WET season
deforested
forest
water
DRY‐TO‐WET transition season
Albrecht et al. (2011)
(updraft‐limited regime,
higher CAPE during postive t‐storms)
(aerosol‐limited regime)
Albrecht et al.( 2011)10
9
Objective
Data
• What about Central Amazon?
• 3D total (i.e., intracloud e cloud‐to‐ground) lightning data from DLR Lightning Network (LINET) during part of GoAmazon IOP2:
• 29 Aug 2014 – 07 Oct 2014
Modified boundary layer, higher cloud bases
• Large urbanization
Smaller aerosols
• Large water bodies  interactions of large scale low level easterly flow with river breeze
• Less pasture areas
• Less fire spots
11
12
3
02/06/2015
Data
Methodology
• Cloud‐to‐ground data from STARNET network:
• Operational network (2003 ‐ today)
• 01 Feb 2014 – 31 Mar 2014
• 15 Aug 2014 – 15 Oct 2014
• Investigate life cycle of deep convective cells by:
• Tracking convective systems together with LINET data
• Assess the effects of local circulation (i.e., river breeze) on convection initiation, development and enhancement
• AMF W‐vertical pointing cloud radar, CHUVA XPOL and MRR, SIPAM‐Manaus S‐band
• Investigate the microphysical differences of thunderstorms, non‐thunderstorms and • AFF G1 and ACRIDICON‐CHUVA HALO cloud particle data
13
Summary of STARNET lightning data IOP1
14
Summary of STARNET lightning data IOP2
15
16
4
02/06/2015
Example of thunderstorm enhancement by river breeze
Summary of LINET lightning data IOP2
17
18
Future work
Thank you!
• Track convective systems using SIPAM‐Manaus radar data
• Acknowledgments:
• Did any cloud sampled by HALO and G1 develop into a thunderdestorm?
• Is there any microphysical difference between thunderstorms and non‐
thunderstorms?
• What was the thermodynamics and large‐scale conditions?
• Which was the predominant polarity of CG lightning for these thunderstorms? Can we see similar impact of SW Amazon land use on cloud electrification?
• Lightning NOx – anyone interested?
19
20
5
Profa. Dra. Rachel I. Albrecht
Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas (DCA)
Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas (IAG)
Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Rua do Matão, 1226 - São Paulo, SP Brasil 05508-090
Dear Prof. Albrecht,
The Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) and the Cooperative Institute for
Climate and Satellites (CICS) at the University of Maryland (UMD) would like to extend an
invitation to visit on 21-22 May 2015 to continue our ongoing collaborations. We anticipate our
discussions will include the CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraiba field experiment results as well as
our future collaborations.
Sincerely,
Dr. Scott Rudlosky
Physical Scientist, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR
Assist. Research Scientist, UMD/ESSIC/CICS