Brazil Focus - Brazil Initiative

Transcrição

B
razil
F
ocus

–
D
avid
F
leischer Phone/FAX:
556133278085 Cell:
92182771
email:
[email protected] GLOSSARY
Symbols, Abbreviations and Terms used in Brazil
th
(Expanded and updated as of 10
June 2015) ABA
ABACC
ABAG
ABAL
ABAR
ABB
AbbVie

Associação Brasileira de Antropologia (Brazilian Anthropological Assoc.)
Agência BrasileiroArgentina de Contabilidade e Controle de Materiais Nucleares
(BrazilianArgentine Agency for Accounting & Control of Nuclear Materials)
Associação Brasileira de Aviação Geral (Brazilian Association of General Aviation)
Associação Brasileira de Alumínio
(Brazilian Aluminum Assoc.)
Associação Brasileira das Agências Reguladoras
(Brazilian Assoc. of Regulatory Agencies)
Merger of ASEA (Sweden) and Brown, Boveri (Swiss) in 1988
Resulted from Division of Abbott Laboratories in 2011. Researchbased biopharmaceutical manufacturer. 2 ABC
ABC
ABCP
ABDD
ABDI
ABERT
Abertis
ABI
ABIEC
ABIn
ABINNE
ABM

Agência Brasileira de Cooperação
(Brazilian Cooperation Agency – part of MRE
Itamaraty
)
Região metropolitana de São Paulo (greater SP industrial region) ➔ Santo
A
ndré, São
B
ernardo do Campo & São
C
aetano
ABCD –
Includes
D
iadema Associação Brasileira de Ciência Política (Brazilian Political Science Assoc.)
Associação Brasileira de Defesa da Democracia (Brazilian Assoc. for the Defense of Democracy) Agência Brasileira de DEsemvolvimento Industrial (Brazilian Agency of Industrial Development)
Associação Brazileira de Emissoras de Rádio e Televisão (Brazilian Assoc. of Radio and TV Stations)
Abertis Infraestructuras, SA – based in Barcelona (
Purchased Brazilian high concessions from OHL)
Associação Brasileira de Imprensa (Brazilian Press Association)
Associação Brasileira das Indústrias Exportadoras de Carnes (Brazilian Association of Meat Exporting Industries)
Agência Brasileira de Inteligência (Brazilian Intelligence Agency, succeeded SNI)
Associação Brasileira das Indústrias Elétricas e Eletrônicas (Brazilian Assoc. of Electric and Electronic Industries) Associação Brasileira de Municípios (Association of Brazilian towns and Cities) ABN AMRO Large Dutch bank acquired Banco Real in 1998. In 2007, ABN AMRO was acquires by a consortium involving the Spanish Banco Santander that took over Banco Real. Santander had already acquired Banespa, and is now Brazil’s 3rd largest private bank after ItaúUnibanco and BRADESCO. 3 ABNT
ABONG
ABPO
ABRA
ABRAS
ABRACE
ABRAP
ABRAVE
ABRIG
ABRINQ
AC
ACC
ACESITA
ACM
Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (Brazilian Assoc. of Technical Standards)
Associação Brasileira de Organizações NãoGovernamentais (Brazilian Association of NGOs)
Assoc. Bras. do Papelão Ondulado
(Brazilian Assoc. of Cardboard Manufacturers) Associação Brasileira de Reforma Agrária (Brazilian Assoc. for Agrarian Reform) Associação Brasileira de Supermercados (Brazilian Association of Supermarkets)
Associação Brasileira de Grandes Consumidores Industriais de Energia
(Brazilian Assoc. of Large Industrial Consumers of Electrical Energy)
Associação Brasileira de Prefeitos (
Brazilian Assoc. of Mayors)
Associação Brasileira de Revendadores Autorizados de Veículos (Brazilian Assoc. of Automobile Dealers) Associação Brasileira de Relações Institucionais e Governamentais (professional assoc. of
lobbyists
and those who conduct “legislative liaison” and government relations
Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Brinquedos (Brazilian Assoc. of Toy Manufacturers) State of Acre
Adiantamento de Contrato de Câmbio
(bank credit operation, especially for exporters)
Companhia de Aços Especiais de Itabira
(Special Steels Company of Itabira, MG)
Senator Antônio Carlos Magalhães (DEMBA) ➔

political leader in Bahia since 1954 – state & federal deputy, Mayor of Salvador, Governor, Senator, Minister of Communications 4 born 1927, died 20 July 2007 ACM
Associação Cristã de Moços (YMCA) ACSP

Associação Comercial do Estado de São Paulo (SP Chamber of Commerce) ACT
ADA
ADA
Adbib

African Coalition for Trade
Americans for Democratic Action
WTO AntiDumping Agreement
Associação Brasileira de InfraEstructura e Indústrias de Base (Brazilian Assoc. for Infrastructure and Capital Goods Industries) ADEMI
ADESG
ADIn
Associação dos Dirigentes de Empresas do Mercado Imobiliário (Assoc. of Directors of Real Estate Firms)
Associação dos Diplomados da Escola Superior de Guerra (Assoc. of ESG Graduates) Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (suit filed at STF by parties and other entities to challenge the constitutionality of acts, laws and decisions) ADM

Archer Daniels Midland – leading corn➔ethanol producer in the US top grain producer and trading firm in Brazil ADR

American Depositary Receipts
(receipts in US$ for stocks or bonds of foreign firms, issued by a US depositary bank) AEB
AEB

Agência Espacial Brasileira (Brazilian Space Agency) Associação de Exportadores Brasileiros (Brazilian Exporters Assoc.) Aero
Lula
nickname given to Brazil’s new A320 Presidential jet Aero Vodochody
– Czech aircraft manufacturer seeking to supply parts to Embraer 5 AFA
AGN
AGOA
AGU
AI5
AIDS
AIEA
AIG
Akaer
AL AL
ALADI
ALALC
ALBA
ALCA
ALCAN

Academia da Força Aérea (Brazilian Air Force Acedemy, in Pirassinunga, SP)
New mining firm organized by Roger Agnelli (exCEO at Vale)
African Growth and Opportunity Act – promotes AfricaUS trade AdvocaciaGeral da União (Solicitor General for Federal Government) Ato Institucional Número 5 th
(5
Institutional Act, December 1968)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SIDA)
Agência International de Energia Atômica (IAEAInternational Atomic Energy Agency, UN unit, HQ in Vienna) th
American International Group – 18
largest public company in the world until the US financial
blowout
, AIG was associated with Unibanco
Engineering firm linked to Saab, manufacturer of the Grippen NG. Founded in São José dos Campos in 1992. State of Alagoas Assembléia Legislativa (State Legislature)
Associação LatinoAmericana de Integração (Latin American Integration Assoc.)
Associação Latinoamericana de Livre Comércio
(Latin American Free Trade Assoc.LAFTA) Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra Américas
(Bolivarian Alternative for the Peoples of
our
Americas) ➔ Hugo Chávez’s substitute for CASA Acordo de Livre Comércio das Américas (FTAAFree Trade Agreement of the Americas) Canadian aluminum firm acquired by Rio Tinto for US$38 billion in 2007 6 ALCOA
Algar
ALL
ALSTOM
Altice
AM
AMAN
AMB
AMB
AMB
Aluminum Company of America – US aluminum giant
Founded by Alexandrino Garcia in 1929. Operates in TIC, Agro, Services & Tourism sectors.
América Latina Logística – Founded in 1997 with the privatization of Brazil’s Railroads, ALL operates 21,300 Km of rail links in southcentral Brazil, as well as in Argentina French manufacturer of hydroelectric generators and turbines
Multinational cable & and telecommunications firm. State of Amazonas
Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (Army Military Academy in Agulhas Negras, RJ) ➔ the Brazilian West Point Associação dos Magistrados Brasileiros (Assoc. of Brazilian Magistrates)
Associação Médica Brasileira (Brazilian Medical Assoc.)
Associação Municipalista do Brasil (Brazilian Municipal Assoc.) Amber Box
Subsidies –
30 WTO members have commitments to reduce their tradedistorting domestic supports in the
amber box [“yellow light, beware”] ➔ to reduce the “total aggregate measurement of support (AMS). Nations outside this 30nation group have to keep within 5% of the value of production (10% limit in the case of developing nations. Ambriex

Imports scientific instruments, offices in SP and BSB AmCham

American Chamber of Congress (in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) AMCI
AMCI Australia Holdings PTY LTD (in March 2007, CVRD acquired this large coal mining firm) AMD

Advanced Mirco Devices – large chip maker 7 AMERIPOL –
Comunidade de Polícias da América Latina e do Caribe (Community of Police Forces in Latin America and the Caribbean) AMR
The Controller of American Airlines AMS

Aggregate Measure of Support WTO term referring to level of subsidies ANA

Agência Nacional de Águas (National Waters Regulatory Agency) ANAC

Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (National Civil Aviation Regulatory Agency) ➔ replaced DAC ANAPA

Associação Nacional dos Produtores de Álcool (National Alcohol Producers Assoc.) ANATEL

Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (National Telecommunications Regulatory Agency) ANBID
Associação Nacional dos Bancos de Investimento (National Assoc. of Investment Banks) ANC
Assembléia Nacional Constituinte (National Constituent Assembly, 19871988) ANCA
Associação Nacional de Cooperação Agricola – linked to MST (National Assoc. of Agricultural Cooperation; “fiscal
front
” organization Operated by the MST – like CONCRAB) ANCAP
Administración Nacional de Combustibles, Alcololes y Portland
(Uruguay’s national petrol firm, equivalent to Petrobrás) Ancine

Agência Nacional de Cinema (National Film Regulatory Agency) ANDES

Associação Nacional de Docentes do Nível Superior (National University Professores Assoc.) ANDI
Associação Nacional dos Direitos da Infância (National Association for Children’s Rights) 8 ANDIFES
ANDIMA
ANEEL
ANEFAC
ANFAVEA
Anginhos
Angra
ANL ANM
ANP
ANPEC
Antaq
ANTT
Anvisa
AOSIS

Assoc. Nacional de Dirigentes de Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (
National Assoc. of Rectors of Federal Universities) Associação Nacional das Instituições de Mercado Aberto (National Assoc. of Open Market Institutions)
Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (National Electrical Energy Regulatory Agency)
Associação Nacional de Executivos de Finanças, Administração e Contabilidade
(National Assoc. of Executives in Finance, Administration & Accounting) Assoc. Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (National Assoc. of Auto Makers) “little angels” – nickname for first term deputies [
Freshmen
] ➔ never served in the Chamber before, “free from sin” City on southern coast of RJ state. AngraI and AngraII are current nuclear power plants [electricity generation], AngraIII is planned. Aliança Nacional Libertadora – Moscow line popular front (National Liberation Alliance, 1935) Agência Nacional de Mineração – first discussed in 2001
(National Regulatory Agency for Mining – contemplated in 2001) Agência Nacional de Petróleo (National Petroleum Regulatory Agency) Assoc. Nacional de Centros de PósGraduação em Economia (National Assoc. of Economics Graduate Programs)
Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquaviários
(National River Transportation Regulatory Agency)
Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres (National Land Transportation Regulatory Agency)
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária
(National Health & Drug Agency)
Association of Small Insular States
(Associação dos Pequenos Estados Insulares) 9 AOL
AON
AOTS
AP AP
AP
APAE
APEC
America On Line, large US internet company
British multinational that provides risk management, insurance and reinsurance brokerage; created in 1982, merger of Ran Insurance Group and Combined Insurance Co. of America - Assoc. for Overseas Technical Scholarship in Japan.
State of Amapá
Ação Popular (Popular Action – student activist movement in the 1960s)
Associate Press, news wire service
Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais Assoc. of Parents and Friends of Exceptional Persons
AsianPacific Economic Cooperation – founded in 1989 (Cooperação Econômica da Ásia e do Pacífico) – 21 members in 2008 APM Terminals –
Container terminal group, began as AP Moller at Port of NY, now linked to Maresk Group. Operates terminals in Itjataí, SC & Pecém, CE Arapongas Brazilian slang term for
spooks – clandestine investigators linked to the SNI (during the military period), the ABIn (currently), or “freelance”
spooks ARENA
Aliança Renovadora Nacional (National Renovation Alliance, 19661979) ARKO Advice –
Government Relations [lobby] group – Murillo de Aragão, President ARPEL
Asociación Regional de Empresas de Petróleo y Gas Natural en Latinoamérica y el Caribe (Regional Association of Latin American and Caribbean Oil and Natural Gas Companies) ASA

American Sugar Alliance ASA

Africa – South America Summit, 49 African and 12 South American nations st
1
meeting in November 2006 10 ASEAN
ASML

Assoc. of Southeast Asian Nations – founded in 1967 (Assoc. de Nações do Sudeste Asiático) – 10 members in 2008
Manufacturer of computer chips/wafers ➔ Based in The Netherlands with branch in SP A.T. Kearney
Andrew Thomas Kearney became partner in J.O McKinsey & Co. in 1929 and after several splits, A.T. Kearney was founded 1947 to become one of the top ten management consulting firms – with offices in SP. ATPDEA

Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act AT&T

American Telephone & Telegraph AUC

Auto Defesas Unidas da Colombia (United SelfDefense Units in Colombia) Avibrás
Avibrás Indústria Aeroespacial – HQ in São José dos Campos, SP (Brazilian aeroapace industry, produces Astros II rocket launchers) AZTECA
retail store chain owned by Mexican billionaire Ricardo Salinas
installed first store in Brazil (
Elektra do Brasil
) in Recife, in March 2008 Azul
AZUL Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras (new Brazilian airline) founded by David Neeleman (founder of
JetBlue
) began flying with Embraer 190 jets in December 2008 B2W

Business To Web BA
State of Bahia B&A

B&A Mineração – new firm organized by André Esteves (BTG Pactual) & Roger Agnelli (AGN) BACEN
Banco Central [do Brasil], BC, BCB
(Brazil’s Central Bank) Banco del Sur
– South American Development Bank – concept presented by Hugo Chávez with support from Argentine President Néstor Kirchner (replace World Bank) BAD
Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (ADBAfrican Development Bank) Baidu

Chinese language search engine (similar to Google) 11 Bain

Bain & Co. founded in Boston (1973) by Bill Bain, a global management consulting firm. Took over SP office of Value Partners in 1997. Baixo Clero “lower clerics”, some 400 little known, “invisible” federal deputies BAMERINDUS –
Banco Mercantil e Indústria, com sede em Curitiba, PR, BC declarou a falência deste banco em 1997 e vendeu para HSBC (Bank liquidated in 1997 and sold to HSBC) Bancada da Bala
– “Progun” caucus in the Brazilian Congress Bancada Ruralista
– Rural Caucus in Brazilian Congress, very powerful BANERJ
Banco do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (bank owned by Rio de Janeiro state – privatized) BANESPA
Banco do Estado de São Paulo – vendido a Santander (Bank of the State of SP sold to Santander) BANESTADO –
Banco do Estado do Paraná – vendido ao Banco Itaú (Bank of the State of Paraná – sold to Banco Itaú) Bao Steel

Stateowned

Shanghai Baosteel Group Corp. has joint venture with Usiminas BASA
Banco da Amazônia) (Amazonas Development Bank) BASF
Badische Anilinund SodaFabrik (Baden Aniline and Soda Factory) German Chemical Co. – the largest chemical company in the world HQ in Ludwigshafen, Germany & Florham Park, NJ BATS
Better Alternative Trading System rd
HQ in Kansas City, alternative (3
largest) stock market in the US
associated with
Claritas
BATS plans to establish an alternative stock market in Brazil to compete with BM&F Bovespa BB
Banco do Brasil (Bank of Brazil) BBC

Bônus do Banco Central (Central Bank Bonds) 12 BBC
BBVA
BC
BCE
BCG
BEC
BEC
BES
BESC
British Broadcasting Corp.
Banco Bilbao Viscaya (Spanish bank and international financial services group) Banco Central (Brazilian Central Bank) Banco Central Europeu (European Central Bank)
Bacilo CalmetteGuérin (vaccine against crupe and tuberculosis)
Batalhão de Engenharia de Construção (
Brazilian Army Construction Battalion) Banco do Estado do Ceará (bank owned by the state of Ceará)
Banco Espírito Santo (Portuguese). Failed in 2014, replaced by Novo Banco.
Banco do Estado de Santa Catarina (bank owned by state of SC, intervened by Central Bank, and acquired by the Banco do Brasil in 2007) BH

Belo Horizonte, capital of Minas Gerais BHP Billiton AngloAustralian based mining firm BIB

Banco de Investimentos do Brasil (Investment Bank of Brazil) BID
Banco Interamericano do Desenvolvimento (IADBInterAmerican Development Bank) BioAgência
Commercialization of sugar and ethanol BIRD

Banco Internacional de Reconstrução e Desenvolvimento (WBWorld bank) BIS
Bank for International Settlements Switzerland BlackRock
The world’s largest asset management firm founded 1988 by former Bank Boston 13 employees. Blackstone Group –
US investment firm associated with Brazil’s
Patria Bloquinho
The “little bloc” of parties on the Left (75 deputies) PSB, PCdoB, PDT, PMN & PRB Blue Box
Subsidies –
A WTO exemption from the general rule that all subsidies linked to production must be reduced or kept within defined minimal (
de minimis
) levels – covering payments directly linked to acreage or animal numbers BLUM

Brazilian Land Use Model (Modelo Brasileiro de Use da Terra) ➔ used to show that ethanol is not responsible for Amazon deforestation BM&F
Bolsa de Mercadorias e Futuros (Brazilian Commodities & Futures Market) BMG

Banco de Minas Gerais (private bank in MG, accused of involvement with “
Mensalão
” ➔ joint venture with Itaú Bradesco in July 2012 BNB
Banco do Nordeste do Brasil (Bank of the Northeast of Brazil) BNDES

Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (exBNDE) (Brazilian Economic and Social Development Bank) BNH

Banco Nacional de Habitação
(National Housing Bank, created by military regime in 1965) Bolsa Família
– Monthly income supplement (allowance) for poor families Bombardier Canadian aircraft manufacturer – competes with Embraer Bope

Batalhão de Operações Especiais (PM Special Operations Battalion) BOVESPA
Bolsa de Valores do Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo Stock Exchange) Bourges

French industrial/construction/real estate firm founded in 1952. rd
BRA
BRA Transportes Aéreos (Brasil Rodo Aéreo) was Brazil’s 3
largest passenger 14 th
airline, began with charter flights and ended operations on 6
November 2007 BRADESCO Banco Brasileiro de Descontos (Brazil’s largest private bank) “Bradies”
“
Brady Bonds” – issued after 1994 for emerging nations, at times called CBonds (created when Nicholas Brady was US Treasury Secretary) BRASA

Brazilian Studies Association – HQ at Brown Univ. as of 2016 BRASCAN The holding company that resulted from the nationalization of Canadian energy investments in Brazil [
Light
], became a major investment firm HQ in Rio. Brasiguaios Brazilian farmers who migrated to Paraguay in the 1960s and 1970s in search of cheap land to plant soybeans, coffee, etc. Brasil Kirin Japanese beverage firm founded in 1939, acquire Schincariol in 2011. BRASKEM large petrochemical firm in Brazil Brazucas
Brazilian immigrants living in the US. BRB Banco Regional de Brasília – owned by GDF (Regional Bank of Brasília) Brenco
Brazilian Renewable Energy Co. BRICs

Brazil, Russia, India & China a term coined by Goldman Sachs economists Jim O’Neill in 2001 BROU

Banco de la Republica Oriental de Uruguay (Central Bank of Uruguay) BrT

Brasil Tele Com (large telecommunications firm in Brazil) BSG
Banco Société Générale (large French bank) BTG

BTG Factual investment bank founded by André Esteves BTN

Bônus do Tesouro Nacional (no longer used)
(National Treasury Bonds, used to finance public debt) 15 BTUs
BVRJ
C130
C&A
CAC
CACM
CACEX
Cade
CAE
CAF
CAF
CAFTA
CAGED
CAIC
CAINDR

British Thermal Units
Bolsa de Valores de Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro Stock Exchange) fourengine, turbo prop military transport plane (
flying box car
)
Large international retail chain of clothing stores with European HQ in Belgium. ➔ Founded by
C
lemens &
A
ugust Bremminkmeijer in 1841 as a Dutch textile firm with 200 stores in Brazil (since 1976)
Paris stock exchange index Cewntral American Common Market
Carteira do Comércio Exterior do Banco do Brasil (foreign trade unit at BB)
Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (Brazilian AntiTrust, procompetition unit, at Finance Ministry) Comissão de Assuntos Econômicos (Senate Committee on Economic Affairs)
Corporación Andino de Desarrollo
(Andean Development Corporation)
Charities Aid Foundation – produced World Giving Index
(Fundação de Ajuda Pilantrópica) based in London hub of charity donations online, founded in 1930s
Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTADR included the Dominican Republic) Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados (monthly survey of employment/unemployment, by Labor Ministry)
Centro de Atenção Integrada à Criança (Center/School for Full Time Attention to Children)
Comissão da Amazônia, Integração Nacional e Desenvolvimento (Chamber of Deputies Committee for the Amazon, National Integration & Development) 16 Caixa Dois
CALC
CAN
CAOA
CAPES
CAPADR
CARF
CARICOM
CAS
CASA
“offthebooks” campaign contributions (also, double set of books used by firms to avoid taxes) Cúpula da América Latina e Caribe – met in Bahia 1617 December 2008 (Summit of Latin American and Caribbean Nations) with Cuba, without the US and Canada Correio Aéreo Nacional – operated by FAB (national air mail service, began in 1931)
Carlos Alberto Oliveira Andrade – megainvestor in auto dealerships entered jointventure with Hyundai to install a factory in Anápolis, GO Comissão para o Aperfeiçoamento do Pessoal de Educação Superior (Graduate studies training unit within MEC – fellowships)
Comissão de Agricultura, Pecuária, Abastecimento e Desenvolvimento
(Chamber Committee for Agriculture, Livestock, Supply & Development)
Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais (Fiscal Resources Administrative Council) The Caribbean Community – HQ in Georgetown, Guyana ➔ economic cooperation group began in 1973 Comissão de Assuntos Sociais (Senate Committee on Social Affairs) Communidade SulAmericana de Nações (South American Community of Nations) Brazil’s attempt to extend Mercosul to all of South America Casa Civil
President’s Chief of Staff – very powerful position Casa da Moeda
– the federal mint (in Rio de Janeiro) Cassado
loss of political rights – for 10 years during military regime (19641985)
loss of political mandate (in the post1985 period) CBA

Código Brasileiro de Aeronáutica (Brazilian Aeronautical Code) CBA

Companhia Brasileira de Aluminio (Brazilian Aluminum Co.) 17 CBE

Cia. Brasiliana de Energia – Brazilian Energy Company created in 2003 when BNDES renegotiated AES debts BNDES now controls 53.80% of CBE CBERS
CBF
ChinaBrazil EarthResources Satellite (Satélite SinoBrasileiro de Recursos Terrestres) ➔ began in 1988, launch 4 satellites by 2010 Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (Brazilian Soccer Confederation) CBIA
CBIE
CBMM
CBN
CBPF
CBTU
CCBB
CCBC
CCC
CCEE
CCIR

Centro Brasileiro de Infância e Adolescência (Brazilian Center for Infancy and Adolescence) Centro Brasileiro de Infra Estrutura (Brazilian Center for Infrastructure)
Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia & Mineração
(Brazilian Mining & Metalurgy – prodces Niobium) Central Brasileiro de Notícias (
Globo
’s 24hour news radio network)
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (Brazilian Center for Physics Research – in Rio)
Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos (Brazilian State Firm for Urban Trains)
Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil
(Banco do Brasil Cultural Center) BrazilCanada Chamber of Commerce
Conta de Consumo de Combustíveis – created in 1970s, revised in 2009
(Fuel Consumption Account)
Câmara de Comércio de Energia Elétrica
(Chamber of Commerce for Electrical Energy)
Certificação de Cadastro de Imóvel Rural (Certificate of Registry of Rural Property) 18 CCJC
CCP
CCPs
CCR
CCT
CCT
CCTCI
CD
CDB
CDB
CDC
CDC
CDE
Comissão de Constituição e Justiça (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Constitution, Justice & Citizenship) ➔ same symbol in the Senate
Cyrela Commercial Properties – Brazilian Realty Firm controlled by Elie Horn
CounterCyclical Payments introduced by the 2002 Farm Security and Rural Investment Act income support programs for US farmers
➔ some call this “subsidies”
Companhia de Concessões Rodoviárias (Andrade Gutierrez, Camargo Correa & Soares Penido) – operates 11 toll roads in Brazil ➔ and won concession to operate Confins Airport in BH in November 2013 via the
Aero Brasil consortium together
with Fluhafen Zurich AG (administers

the Munique and Zurich airports).

Comissão de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação, Comunicação e Informática
Senate Committee for Science, Technology, Innovation, Communication, and Informatics
Conditional Cash Transfers – like
Bolsa Família
Comissão de Ciência e Tecnologia, Comunição e Informática (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Science & Technology, Communication & Informatics) Câmara dos Deputados
(Chamber of Deputies)
Certificado de Depósito Bancário – bank time deposit (bank deposit certificate, term & rates subject to negotiation)
Chinese Development Bank
Comissão de Defesa do Consumidor
(Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Consumer Protection)
Crédito Direto ao Consumidor (installment credit for consumers, usually “white line”)
Conta de Desenvolvimento Energêtico (Energy Development Account – Eletrobrás – created on 26th April 2002) 19 CDEIC
CDES
CDI
CDH
CDHM
CDN
CDR
CDU
CE
CE
CEB
CEBs
CEBRAP
CEC

Comissão de Desenvolvimento Econômico, Indústria e Comércio (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Economic Development, Industry & Commerce)
Conselho de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social
(Council of Economic and Social Development) linked to the office of Brazil’s President
Certificado de Depósito Interbancário (time deposit, similar to CDB)
Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Legislação Participativa
Senate Committee for Human Rights and Participatory Legislation
Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Minorias (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Human Rights and Minorities) Conselho de Defesa Nacional (National Defense Council) Comissão de Desenvolvimento Regional e Turismo
Senate Committed for Regional Development & Tourism
Comissão de Desenvolvimento Urbano (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee for Urban Development) State of Ceará
Comissão de Educação (Senate Committee on Education)
Companhia de Eeletricidade de Brasília (Electricity Company owned by Brasília government [GDF])
Comunidades Eclesias de Base Community Nuclei for Lay Roman Catholics ➔ associated with the doctrine of “Liberation Theology”
Centro Brasileiro de Análises e Planejamento (think tank organized by FH Cardoso & others in SP in 1970)
Comissão de Educação e Cultura (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Education and Culture) 20 CEDEC
CEE
CEEE
CEF
CEG
CEGRAF
Cehab
CEI

Centro de Estudos da Cultura Contemporânea (think tank organized by CEBRAP dissidents)
Comunidade Econômica Europeia (EECEuropean Economic Community)
Companhia Estadual de Energia Elétrica (in Rio Grande do Sul) ➔ RS state owned electric distribution company Caixa Econômica Federal (Federal Savings/Social Bank)
Companhia Estadual de Gás (Rio natural gas distribution company)
Centro Gráfico do Senado Federal (Brazilian Senate printing office)
Companhia Estadual de Habitação e Obras state government unit for housing and public works
Comissão Especial de Investigação (Special Investigating Committee) CELAC

Comunidade dos Estados Latinoamericanos e Cabibenhos (Community of Latin American and Caribbean States) CELAM
Conferência Episcopal da AméricaLatina e Caribe (Conference of Latin American Catholic Bishops; the 5th CELAM met in SP in November 2007) CEMAR

Electric Company state of Maranhão CEME

Central de Medicamentos (federal government medicine distribution unit) Cemig
Centrais Elétricas de Minas Gerais (MG stateowned electric company) Cenargen
Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia
(National Center for Genetic and Biotech Research, EMBRAPA) rd
Cencosud SA
Publicly traded multinational retail firm, largest in Chile and 3
largest in 21 Latin America. CENDEC
CENINAR
Cenipa
Centrão
CEO
Cepal
CERA
CESP
CETIP
CFC
CFFC
CFEMEA
CFN
CFN
CFR

Centro de Treinamento para o Desenvolvimento Econômico (Ministry of Planning Training Center) Centro de Informações da Marinha (Navy Intelligence Center – very active during military regime)
Centro de Investigação e Prevenção de Acidentes Aeronáuticos
(Center for Investigation and Prevention of Aeronautical Accidents) the “Big Center” (majority conservative coalition in the ANC)
Chief Executive Officer
Comissão Econômica das Nações Unidas para América Latina e Caribe ECLA
, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean – HQ in Santiago, Chile Cambridge Energy Research Assoc.
Centrais Eléctricas de São Paulo (State of SP electric company, privatization attempted in 2008)
Central de Custódia e Liquidação de Títulos (over the counter fixed income & derivatives trading custody organization) Comissão de Fiscalização e Controle (Senate Committee on Oversight & Control)
Comissão de Fiscalização Financeira e Controle (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Financial Oversight & Control) Centro Feminista de Estudos e Assessoria (Feminist Studies Center in Brasília)
Companhia Ferroviário de Nordeste (Northeast Railroad Co. – controlled by CSN)
Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais (Brazilian Marine Corps)
Council on Foreign Relations – HQ in New York
publishes
Foreign Affairs 22 CFT
CFTC
CGD
CGD
CGU
CGT
CGTEE

Comissão de Finanças e Tributação (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Finance and Taxation)
US Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Center for Global Development
Caixa Geral de Depósitos – Portuguese Bank ControladoriaGeral da União (Federal Controller General – internal control) Confederação Geral dos Trabalhadores (General Workers’ Confederation – labor union central in São Paulo)
Companhia de Geração érmica de Energia Elétrica Eletrobrás
(Thermal Electricity Generation Company) CHALACO
Aluminum Corporation of China Changi

Airport group that administered Shangai airport; partner in concession with Odebrecht to administer Galeão International Airport in Rio Chery
Small size Chinese auto with new factory in Jacareí, SP CHESF

Companhia HidroElétrica do Vale do São Francisco (San Francisco Valley HydroElectric Firm) CHETA

Certificado de Homologação de Empresa de Transporte Aéreo (ANAC certificate for an airline to operate in Brazil) CHS

CHS International Trade – 3rd largest grain trader n the US formed joint venture with Coopermibra in 2008 CI

Comissão de Serviços de InfraEstrutura (Senate Committee on Infrastructure) CIA

Central Intelligence Agency (US) (
Agência Central de Intelligência) CIA

Centro de Inteligência da Aeronáutica (Air Force Intelligence Center) 23 CIC
CIDA
Cide

Cadastro Individual do Contribuinte ➔ CPF (personal income tax ID number)
Canadian International Decvelopment Agency
Contribuição de Intervenção no Domínio Econômico ➔ motor fuels tax for maintenance and repair of federal highways Cielo

Large credit card service in Brazil (Banco do Brasil & Bradesco) Ciências sem Fronteiras –
Federal governemnt program to send undergrad. and graduate students overseas for one year of studies ➔ Science without Borders CIEx
Centro de Informações do Exército (Army Intelligence Unit, very active during the military regime) CIMI

Conselho Indigenista Missionário (Indian Missionary CouncilRoman Catholic Church) CINDACTA
Centro Integrado de Defesa Aérea e Controle de Trafego Aéreo
(the four centers for air traffic control, under FAB jurisdiction) CIR

Conselho Indeginista de Roraima (Indian Counsel for State of Roraima) CL
Câmara Legislativa
(legislature in the Federal District – Brasília) Claro
Brazilian cell phone operator, owned by Telmex (Carlos Slim Helú) CLA

Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara
(Alcântara Rocket Launching Center, in Maranhão) CLASCO

Consejo Latinoamericano de las Ciencias Sociales (Latin American Social Science Council) CLAT
Central LatinoAmericana dos Trabalhadores (Latin American Workers’ Central in Caracas, Venezuela) CLDF

Câmara Legislativa do Distrito Federal
local legislature in the Federal District (Brasília) CLI
Composite Leading Indicators (used by OECD) 24 (ICAIndicador Composto Avançado) CLP
CLT
CMA
CMA
CMADS
CMB
CMDA
CME

Comissão de Legislação Participativa (Chamber and Senate Committees for Popular Initiative Legislation) Consolidação da Legislação Trabalhista (Brazil’s complex labor legislation, CLT➔formal labor contract)
Comissão de Meio Ambiente, Defesa do Consumer e Fiscalização e
Contrôle
Senate Committee for Environment, Consumer Protection, and
Oversight
Comando Militar da Amazônia (Amazon Region Military Command)
Comissão de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Environment & Sustainable Development)
Casa da Moeda do Brasil (Brazilian Mint, located in Rio de Janeiro)
Code Division Multiple Access (cell phone system that voice & data into radio signals)
Comissão de Minas e Energia (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Mines and Energy) CME

Commodity Market Exchange (Chicago) CMMI
Capability Maturity Model Integration developed by the Software Engineering Inst. at Carnegie Mellon Univ. CMN

Conselho Monetário Nacional (National Monetary Council) CMO
Comissão Mista de Orçamento (Congressional Joint Budget Committee) CMSE
Comitê de Monitoramento do Sistema Elêtrico
(Committee for Monitoring the Electric System) attached to MM&E, created in August 2004 25 CMSE
CMSE
CN
CNAE
CNA CNAA
CNB
CNBB
CNC
CNDI
CNDM
CNEN
CNI
CNJ
Comando Militar do Sudeste (Military Command of the Southeast Region) Comité de Monitoramento do Setor Eléctrico – MM&E
(Committee for Monitoring the Electric Sector) Congresso Nacional
(Brazil’s National Congress)
Comissão Nacional de Atividades Espaciais (National Commission for Space Activities)
Confederação Nacional de Agricultura (National Agriculture Federation) Companhia Nacional de Açúcar e Álcol (private sector, National Sugar and Alcohol Co.)
Comando Naval de Brasília (Brasília Naval Command – Marine Corps base)
Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (National Conference of Brazilian [Roman Catholic] Bishops) Confederação Nacional de Comércio (National Commerce Confederation)
Centro Nacional de Desenvolvimento Industrial (National Council of Industrial Development)
Conselho Nacional de Direitos da Mulher (National Council on Women’s Rights)
Comissão Nacional de Enegria Nuclear (National Nuclear Eneergy Commission) Confederação Nacional da Indústria (National Industry Confederation)
Conselho Nacional do Judiciário (desde 2004) (National Council of the Judicial Branch) ➔ External Control body for the Judiciary created in 2004 26 CNM

Comando Naval de Manaus (Manaus Naval Command) CNMP
Conselho Nacional do Ministério Públic (National Council for Public Prosecutors ➔ external control of prosecutors, similar to CNJ CNOOC

Chinese National Offshore Oil Corporation ➔ Joined Petrobras in concession for presalt exploration in 2013 CNPCP

Conselho Nacional de Política Criminal e Penitenciária MJ (National Council for Criminal and Prison Policy – Ministry of Justice) CNPE
Conselho Nacional de Política Energética (National Council for Energy Policy) CNPJ

Cadastro Nacional da Pessoa Jurídica (corporate income tax ID number) CNPq
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (National Research Council, within MCT) CNT
Confederação Nacional de Transportes (National Transportation Confederation) CNTC
Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores no Comércio
(National Confederation of Commercial Workers) CNTE
Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores em Educação (National Confederation of Workers in Education) CNTI
Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Indústria (National Confederation of Industrial Workers) CNTM
Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores Metalúrgicos
(National Confederation of Metal Workers) CNTS
Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Saúde
(National Confederation of Health Workers) COAF

Conselho de Controle de Atividades Financeiras – at Finance Ministry (Council for Control of Financial Activities – antimoney laundering) Cob

Close of business (either 5pm or 6 pm) in the USA 27 Cobra
Codevasf
Coelece
COFACE
COSIPAR
COMGÁS
Conab
CONAC
CONAMA
Conasp

Computadores e Sistemas Brasileiros Brazilian Computers and Systems – now extinct)
Companhia de Desenvolvimento dos Vales do São Francisco e Paraníba
(Company for the Development of the São Francisco & Parnaiba Valleys)
Call center Compagnie Française d’Assurande pour le Commerce Extérieur French Insurance Group – insurable trading risks – HQ Paris Coface university created in 2007 Annual conferences held in January
Companhia Siderúrgica do Pará (Iron & Steel Company of Pará State)
Companhia Municipal de Gás in SP (SP municipal gas company, initial investment by British in 1872, then Light in 1912, nationalized in 1959, control to CESP in 1984, privatized ➔ BG Group and Shell in 1999. Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (National Food Supply Company) Conselho Nacional da Aviação Civil (National Civil Aviation Council)
Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (National Environment Council)
Conselho Nacional de Segurança Pública (MJ) National Council for Public Security – Ministry of Justice) CONCRAB
Confederação das Cooperativas de Reforma Agrária do Brasil (“fiscal
front
” organization operated by the MST in order to receive funds from Brazilian and foreign sources – like ANCA) Condor

Operação Condor – joint intelligence surveillance of antimilitary regime militants by Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil ➔ torture, murder, capture/”extradition”, “officially” established in 1975 CONFAZ

Conselho Nacional de Política Fazendária 28 (National Council for Tax Policy, state secretaries of finance) Confins
Confins
Constran
CONTAG

Contribuição para Financiamento da Seguridade Social (“contribution” tax on gross incomes of private firms
; reduce the social security deficit)
International airport in Belo Horizonte, MG
Holding of UTC Construction & Engineering. UTC was the leader of the cartel of firms involved in the Petrobras corruption/bribery scandal. Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Agricultura
(National Confederation of Agricultural Workers) COOPERMIBRA –
Cooperativa Mixta Agropecuária do Brasil
(Brazilian AgroLivestock Cooperative – joint venture with CHS in 2008) COPOM
Comitê de Política Econômica (at BC) – sets Selic basic interest rate (Central Bank Monetary Policy Committee) Coppe

Coordenaçào de Programas de PósGraduação em Engenharia (UFRJ) (Graduate engineering research center at RJ Federal Univ.) Corregedor “Ethics Magistrate” – investigates alleged “breaches of ethics” in Senate and Chamber of Deputies and prepares reports for the respective Ethics Councils that may recommend expulsion of the accused [
cassação
] Cosan

founded in 1936 – production of sugar and alcohol. In 2008, acquired Esso (Exxon Mobil) in Brazil with 1,700 gas stations. In 2010, joint venture with Royal Dutch Shell. Cosban

Comissão SinoBrasileira de Alto Nível de Concertação e Cooperação
(Chinese Brazilian HighLevel Commission for Negotiation & Cooperation) CPA

Conselho para Política Aduaneira – Min. Fazenda (Customs Policy Council – Finance Ministry) CPAIMIC

Centro de Pesquisa e Assistência Integrada à Mulher e à Criança
(Center for Research and Integral Assistance to Women and Children) CPCM
Comissão Parlamentar Conjunto do Mercosul (
Joint Parliamentary Commission for Mercosul) CPD

Centro de Processamento de Dados 29 (Data Processing Center) CPF
CPFL
CPI
CPI
CPLP
CPMF
CPOR
CPqD

Cadastro de Pessoas Físicas (personal income tax ID number, used like SS# for ID in the US)
Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz – Electricity generation & distribution in SP founded in 1912, acquired by American & Foreign Power (GE) in 1927, and expropriated by Eletrobras in 1964, and privatized in 1997. Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito) (Congressional Investigating Committee) Corruption Perception Index (used by TI) (compiled yearly by Transparency International – HQ in Berlin)
Comunidade de Países de Língua Portuguesa (community of Portuguesespeaking nations)
Contribuição Provisório sobre Movimentação Financeira (“temporary tax” of financial transactions, began in 1992) Centro de Preparação de Oficiais da Reserva (Reserve Officers Training Center) Centro para Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Research and Development Center) CPRM
Companhia de Recursos Minerais (Mineral Resources Research Unit at MM&E) CPT

Comissão Pastoral da Terra (Catholic Church Pastoral Land Reform Commission) CPTEC

Centro de Previsão do Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies Center) CRA

Comissão de Agricultura e Reforma Agrária (
Senate Committee for Agriculture and Agrarian Reform) CRE

Comissão de Relações Exteriores e Defesa Nacional (Senate Committee on Foreign Relations & Defense) CREA

Conselho Regional de Engenharia, Arquitetura e Agronomia (
Regional Council for Engineering, Architecture & Agronomy) 30 CRECI
CREDN
CROs
CRUB
CRUSP
CSA
CSGF
CSIS
CSLL
CSN
CSN
CSPCCO
CSS
CSS

Conselho Regonal de Corretores de Imóveis (Regional Council for Real Estate Agents)
Comissão de Relações Exteriores e Defesa Nacional (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Foreign Relations & Defense) Contract Research Organizations
Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Brasileiras (
Council of Brazilian University Rectors)
Conselho de Reitores das Universidades de São Paulo (Council of SP University Rectors)
Companhia Siderúrgica do Atlântico – steel mill in Septiba, RJ (Atlantic Steel Company) – jointventure CSN & ThyssenKrupp
Contribuição Social sobre Grandes Fortunas (Social Contribution [Tax] on Large Fortunes – exceeding R$10 million) Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washingtonbased think tank)
Contribuição Social sobre o Lucro Líquido (federal tax levy on net corporate profits) Conselho Nacional de Saúde – Ministério de Saúde
(National Health Council – Ministry of Health)
Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional – in Volta Redonda
(National Iron & Steel Company – Brazil’s first steel mill built in the 1940s with US assistance, now privatized)
Comissão de Segurança Pública e Combate ao Crime Organizado (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Public Security & Anti Organized Crime)
Contribuição Social da Saúde (possible new tax on financial transactions to replace CPMF) Copmanhia Sidedrúgica de Suape, PE. (Laminated steel firm in Pernambuco) 31 CSSF
CTA
CTASP
CTBC
CTC
CTNBio
CTD
CTEEE
CTEx
CTIP
CUPET
CUT
CVC
CVM
CVRD
CVT

Comissão de Seguridade Social e Família (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Social Security & Family) Centro Técnico Aeroespecial (aerospace technical center, FAB in S. José dos Campos, SP)
Comissão de Trabalho and Public Administration (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Labor and Public Administration)
Companhia Telefónica Brasil Central (Central Brazil Telephone Co., HQ in Uberlândia)
Centro Tecnológico de Cana de Açucar – part of Petrobrás (Sugarcane Technology Center)
Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança ((National Technical Commission for BioSecurity) Comissão de Turismo e Desporto (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Tourism & Sports)
Centro de Treinamento e Estudos em Energia (Center for Training and Studies on Energy)
Centro Tecnológico do Exército (Army Tecnological Center – in Brasília)
Combating Trafficking in Persons
Cuba’s State Petroleum Enterprise Central Única dos Trabalhadores – linked to PT (Workers’ Labor Union Central – HQ in São Paulo)
Citigroup Venture Capital
Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (Brazilian Securities Commission – like SEC in the US)
Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (Brazil’s largest mining firm)
Comissão de Viação e Transportes 32 (Chamber of Deputies’ Committee on Transportation) Cyrela
D2
DA
DAAD
DAC
DAS
Daslu
DASP
Daspu

Cyrela Brazil Realty – has operated for 50 years in Brazil 2% biodiesel additive
Diários Associados powerful media chain (TV, radio & newspapers) established by Assis Chateaubriand in 1927. TUPI TV network annulled in 1980.
Deutsche Akademie Austauschdienst Doktor (German Academic Exchange Service) Dept. de Aviação Civil (Civil Aviation Authority – linked to FAB) ➔ replaced by ANAC
Direção e Assessoramento Superior (1 to 6 classification for federal “confidence” appointments)
Expensive upscale boutique in SP founded by Lúcia Tcranchesi in 1958. ➔ Was closed down for massive tax evasion in 2005
Departamento Administrativo do Serviço Público (federal unit to supervise federal public administration created in 1938, replaced by Planning Ministry in 1970)
Clone of
Daslu
organized by prostitutes in Rio ➔ Launched its own fashion line in 2005 Datafolha
Survey research unit at
Folha de São Paulo Datamar

Collects and disseminates port shipping data for Brazilian ports. DATAMEC
Empresa privada de processamento de dados (private data processing firm) DATAPREV –
Empresa de Processamento de Dados da Previdência Social (Data processing unit at Ministry of Social Security) DBRS

Dominion Bond Rating Service (Canada) DCE

Diretório Central dos Estudantes
(Central Student Organization at each university) 33 DCN
DCNS
DEA
Dealogic
DECEA
DEM
Dentsu
DF
DFQF
DGA
DHL
DI
Diageo
DIAP
DIEESE
DNER
DNIT
Diário do Congresso Nacional (daily record of the National Congress)
Direction des Constructions Navales Services (French naval construction firm)
US Drug Enforcement Administration – liaison with Brazil (Agência Americana de Repressão às Drogas)
International financial software firm HQ in NY. First founded in the UK (1983)
Departamento do Controle do Espaço Aéreo (Dept. for Air Space Control – part of FAB)
Democratas (partido político) ➔ political party, replaced the PFL in March 2007
Japanbased, largest advertizing agency world wide. Federal District (Brasília)
Duty free, quota free – international trade access to markets General Armament Delegation (part of French Defense Ministry)
International private parcel service that operates in Brazil.
Democracy Index, compiled every year by EIU
World’s largest produced of spirits (also bear & wine) – HQ in London.
Dept. Intersindical de Assessoria Parlamentar (top labor union lobbying operation in Brasília)
Dept. Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos SocioEconômicos) (Labor Unions’ Bureau for Statistics & Socioeconomic Studies in São Paulo) Dept. Nacional de Estradas de Rodagem (National Highway Dept. – replaced by DNIT) Dept. Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes (Dept. of Transportation Infrastructure – replaced DNER) 34 DNOCS
Dept. Nacional de Obras contra a Seca (
National Dept. of Public Works against the Drought) DNPM
Dept. Nacional de Produção Mineral – part of MM&E
(National Dept. of Minerals Production) DOC
Documento de Ordem de Crédito (deposit from one bank account to another) DOF

Documento Original Florestal (Original Forest Document) DOHA
Doha Round of WTO trade talks DOICODI
Departmento de Operações InternasCentro de Operações de Defesa Interna (Detention & Torture Center in SP during Military Regime) Doleiro
unauthorized, illegal money changer – used for money laundering DOU
Diário Oficial da União (federal daily record) DPF
Dept. da Polícia Federal (Federal Police) DPHAN
Dept. de Património Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Dept. of Historical and Artistic Patrimony) ➔ at Ministry of Culture DRCI

Dept. de Recuperação de Ativos e Cooperação Jurídica Internacional (Dept. for Recovery of Assets and International Cooperation, at MJ) DRT
Delegacia Regional do Trabalho (regional offices of Ministry of Labor) DRU

Desvinculação de Receitas da União waiver allowing the government to reallocate up to 20% of federal revenues out of “earmarked” constitutional revenue sharing;
initiated in 1994 in support of the Real Plan and extended every 4
four years by PEC (Constitutional Amendment) DSB

Dispute Settlement Body at the WTO DSL

Worldwide Drilling Structure Specialists 35 DST
DST
DTN
Dungkuk
DVS
E & Y
EADS
EAU
EBAP
Ebba
EBC
EBCT
EBRD
EBX
EC
ECA
ECEMAR

Doenças Sexualmente Transmisíveis (Sexual Transmissable Diseases)
Daylight Savings Time (in the US) ➔ Horário de verão (Brazil)
Delaytolerant networking – technical issues in heterogeneous networks.
Large South Korean Steel company, established in 1929
Destaque para Votação em Separado (line item voting)
Ernst & Young, London based, one of the “big four” auditing firms.
European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company ➔ manufactures the AirBus and military aircraft & weapons
Emirados Arabes Unidos (United Arab Emirates)
Escola Brasileira de Administação Pública (FGVRio) (Brazilian School of Public Administration at FGVRio)
Empresa Brasileira de Bebidas e Alimentos Manufacture of fruit juices and food lines
Empresa Brasil de Comunicação
(Brazil’s new “public TV” system, nicknamed
“TV Lula
”)
Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos (replaced ECT)
(Brazilian Postal Service – state enterprise)
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Brazilian holding group founded by mega investor Eike Batista in 1983
European Community (Comunidade Europeia ➔ EU)
Estatuto da Criança e Adolescente – approved in 1990 (Statute for [Protection of] Children & Adolescents) Escola de Comando e EsradoMaior da Aeronáutica 36 (Air Force Officers’ Training Program, Major➔Colonel) ECEME
ECFR
ECI
ECLAC
ECO92
ECOSOC ECT
ED
EDF
EDP
EFI
EFSF
EGN
EGSA
EIU
Eletrobrás

Escola de Comando e Estado Maior (do Exército) (Army Officers’ Training Program, Major➔Colonel)
European Council on Foreign Relations Economic Climate Index, complied by the German Inst. for Economic Research HQ in Munich
Economic Commission for Latin America & the Caribbean (formally ECLA) (
CEPALComissão Econômica para América Latina e Caribe, UN)
UN World Summit on the Environment, Rio de Janeiro, June 1992
(also called Rio92) United Nations Economic and Social Council Empresa dos Correios e Telégrafos (replaced by EBCT) (Federal Postal Service) Esquerda Democrática ➔ PSB (leftist spinoff from UDN, 19461950; formed PSB in 1950)
Environmental Defense Fund (1967), HQ New York
Energias de Portugal – created with the nationalization of 13 electricity firms in Portugal in 1976, and privatized in 1997. Arrived in Brazil in 1996; operates in SP, ES, BA, TO, MA, MG, and CE.
Economic Freedom Index, complied by the Heritage Foundation and
WSJ
European Financial Stability Facility
Escola de Guerra Naval (Navy War College, located in Rio de Janeiro)
Environmental Goods and Services Agreement being negotiated at the WTO Doha Round [
The
]
Economist
Intelligence Unit (London and New York) Federal electrical holding firm 37 Eletronorte Federal electrical holding firm in Northern Region Eletropaulo
Eletricidade de São Paulo S.A. (São Paulo Electricity Distribution Company) Elog
Creates and develops personal and common log books. EMAE

Empresa Metropolitana de Águas e Energia SA. linked to SP state government, controls level of Rio Pinheiros EMATER

Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Rural Extension Service) EMBI+
Emerging Markets Bond Index (compiled daily by JP Morgan) EMBRAER Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica (Brazilian Airplane Factory, located in São José dos Campos, SP) Embrapa
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgroPecuária (Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise) Embratel

Brazilian long distance and international telecommunications service (privatized to Telmex ➔ Carlos Slim Helú) Embratur
Indústria Brasileiro de Turismo (Federal Tourism Institute) EMFA
Estado Maior das Forças Armadas (Joint Chiefs of Staff, abolished in 1999) EN

Escola Naval – in Rio de Janeiro (Brazilian Naval Academy) ENAP
Escola Nacional de Administração Pública (Fundação)
(national government training school – management specialists) ➔
replaced FUNCEP ENARSA

Energia Argentina S.A. (Argentine energy state enterprise created by the Kirchner government in 2004) th
END

Estratégia de Defesa Nacional – approved 15
December 2008
(National Defense Strategy) 38 Engesa
Engevix
Enel
Power
Engenheiros Especializados S.A. (Specialized Engineering Firm – arms manufacturer)
SP construction firm, involved in Petrobras corruption/bribe
Lava Jato
scheme
Entity for Electricity, established by Italian government in 1962. Enel Green operates wind farms in Brazil. ENI
E.On
EPE
Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi S.p.A. (Italian petroleum firm)
German firm based in Düsseldorf, distribution of natural gas & electricity
Empresa de Pesquisas Energéticas (Federal Energy Research Unit – linked to MM&E) EPFR Global –
Emerging Portfolio Fund Research Inc. based in Cambridge, MA EPL

Empresa de Planejamento Logístico – created in 2012
(State Enterprise for Logistical Planning) EPP

Empresa de Pequeno Porte

(small size business) Época
weekly news magazine published by
Globo ES
State of Espírito Santo ESA

European Space Agency (Agência Espacial Europeia) ESAF
Escola de Administração Fazendária (Ministry of Finance training school) ESAL

Escola Superior de Agricultura de Lavras (MG) (became a federal university in 1994 ➔ UFLa) ESALQ

Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (agricultural university of state of SP in Piracicaba) ESAO

Escola de Aperfeiçoamento de Oficiais do Exército (Army Officers Training School) 39 ESG
ESNI
ETA
Escola Superior de Guerra (Superior War College)
Escola do Serviço Nacional de Informação (former SNI training school)
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (Basque Nation and Liberty – proindependence guerrilla group) ETCO
Brazilian Institute for Ethics in Corporate Competition ETF

Exchange Traded Fund EURO

the new currency of the European Common Market nations Euromonitor
Private, Londonbased market intelligence firm, has office in SP EXIMBANK –
US ExportImport Bank FAA

US Federal Aviation Administration (Dept. of Transportation) FAAP

Fundação Armando Álvares Penteado
(traditional private university in city of São Paulo) FAB
Força Aérea Brasileira (Brazilian Air Force) FAC
Fundo de Aplicação em Cotas (buys and sells quotas in other funds, the “fund of funds”) Facebook

Online social networking service, HQ Menlo Park, CA, founded 2004. FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization UN
(organização da ONU para agricultura e alimentaçào) FARC
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (largest antigovernment guerrilla movement in Colombia) Farroupilha
Day –
20th September – state holiday in Rio Grande do Sul marks the begining of the
Guerra dos Farrapos
in 1835 FASB
US Financial Accounting Standards Board 40 FASE
FAT
FATCA
FATF
FDI
FEA
FEBEM

Federação de Órgãos para Assistência Social e Educacional (Federation of Social Assistance and Educational Groups)
Fundo de Amparo ao Trabalhador (Workers Assistance Fund)
US ➔ Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (effective Jan. 1, 2013)
Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (
GAFIGrupo de Ação Financeira sobre Lavagem de Dinheiro)
Foreign Direct Investment
(IED – Investimento Estrangeiro Direito)
Faculdade de Economia e Administração (USP) (USP School of Economics and Administration)
Fundação Estadual do BemEstar do Menor (SP foundation for juvenile offenders, now called CASA) FEBRABAN –
Federação Brasileira das Associações de Bancos (Brazilian Federation of Banks) FED

US Federal Reserve Bank FELABAN
Federação Latinoamericana de Bancos
(Loatin American Federation of Banks) FENABRAVE –
Federação Nacional da Distribuição de Veículos Automotores (National Assoc. of Automobile Dealerships) FENAJ

Federação Nacional dos Jornalistas (National Journalists’ Federation) FENTAC

Federação Nacional de Trabalhadores na Aviação Civil (National Federation of Civilian Airline Workers) FFIE
Fundo Fiscal de Investimento e Estabilização (Fiscal Investment and Stabilization Fund) – created for the FSB FGC
Fundo de Garantia de Crédito
(Bank Deposit Guarantee Fund; like the FDIC in the USA) Fibria
Large cellulose producer in Brazil, result of merger of Aracruz Cellulose & Votorantim Cellulose in 2009. 41 FIES

Fundo de Financiamento Estudantil – Student Financial Fund For students at private universities FIFA

Fédération Internationale de Football Association (International Soccer Federation – HQ in Zurich FGC

Fundo Garantidor de Crédito (Federal Deposit Insurance Fund) FGTS

Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço
(workers’ severance guarantee fund, 8% “contribution” per month by firms) FGV
Fundação Getúlio Vargas (Getúlio Vargas Foundation – HQ Rio de Janeiro) FHC
FIA
former president Fernando Henrique Cardoso (19952002)
Fundação Instituto de Administração – ligado à USP
(Foundation of the inst. of Administration – linked to USP) Ficha Suja
FIDENS
FIES
Persons with
dirty records
criminal accusations – are allowed to run for office in Brazil; in 2008, the AMB publicized lists of candidates with
fichas sujas
. In June 2010, Congress the
Ficha Limpa
law that prohibited persons with dirty criminal records from running form office.
Construction firm located in Belo Horizonte Financiamento do Estudante o Ensino Superior (federal educational fellowship program for private university students;
based on tax rebates to private univ. that grant these “fellowships”) FIESP

Federação ds Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo
(Federation of Industries of the State of São Paulo) FIEX
FIF
FIERJ

Fundo de Investimentos no Exterior (domestic investment fund, up to 60% in Brazilian foreign debt)
Fundo de Investimento Financeiro (several types of investment funds: fixed rate, DI, derivatives, etc.)
Federação das Indústrias do Estado de Rio de Janeiro
(RJ state industrial federation) 42 FINAME
FINATEC
FINEP
Fiocruz
FIPE

Agência Especial de Financiamento Industrial (special fund for industrial expansion)
Fundação de Empreendimentos Científicos e Tecnológicos (Foundation for Scientific and Technological Projects) ➔ organized by Engineering School at UnB)
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (federal agency that finances “large” research projects Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
(federal biotech research center in Rio de Janeiro)
Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas (USP) (Foundation for Economic Research at USP) Fisiologismo

Distribuição de nomeações e verbas entre deputados e senadores (
pork barrel
distribution of “political goods” to politicians to guarantee their “consistent” voting in Congress) Fitch
Fitch Ratings – HQ in New York (sovereign risk ratings for 90 countries) FITVM

Fundo de Investimento de Títulos e Valores Mobiliários (new category of fund with variable income) FIU
Financial Intelligence Unit FIU

Florida International University (located in Miami) FLACSO

Facultad LatinoAmericana de Ciencias Sociales (Latin American School for Social Science) Fluhafen Zurich AG- (administers the Munique and Zurich airports).
➔
won concession to operate Confins airport with CCR in 2013
FMI
Fundo Monetário Internacional (IMFInternational Monetary Fund) FMII

Fundo Mútuo de Investimento em Empresas Emergentes FNDE

Fundação Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (National Foundation for Education Development) 43 FNS
Focus
Força Nacional de Segurança (National Security Force – recruited from police in the states and trained to be deployed to insure security and public safety in states and cities) Central Bank survey of economic projections by financial institutions published every Monday Força Sindical
– Labor Union central HQ in São Paulo Foro privilegiado
“privileged forum” – president, ministers, senators, and deputies can only be prosecuted by the STF for criminal acts, was considered equivalent to “impunity” before 2007 Forum de São Paulo
– Annual encounter of Left parties and groups in Latin America and elsewhere, promoted by the PT as of 1990 (Read: Prof. Marco Aurélio Garcia); includes some “insurrectional” groups like the FARC. FPE

Fundo de Participação dos Estados (State Participation Fund – federal➔state revenue sharing) FPM

Fundo de Participação dos Municípios (Municipal Participation Fund – federal➔local revenue sharing) FPSO Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessels (petroleum extraction) Fraport

Administers the Frankfurt, Germany international Airport ➔ Part of consortium that bid on Galeão Airport concession, November 2013 Freescale

US multinational semiconductor firm located in Austin, TX, first founded in 1948. In March 2014, Freescale lost 20 employees aboard Malaysia Air flight 370. FRIDE

Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior
(Foundation for International Relations and Foreign Dialogue) European thinktank HQ in Madrid, founded in 1999 FSB

Fundo Soberano Brasil
– established in December 2008 (Brazil’s Sovereign Wealth Fund) FSB
Financial Stability Board a global group of regulators and central bankers FSB

Communicação e Assessoria (fundado por Francisco Soares Brandão em 1981) (HQ in Brasília; advisory & public relations group for government 44 and private organizations – also has research unit) ➔ founded by Francisco Soares Brandão in 1981 FSP
Folha de São Paulo (Major newspaper in São Paulo) FSU
Former Soviet Union FTAA
Free Trade Agreement of the Americas – Miami 1994 (ALCA – Area de Livre Comércio das Américas) FTSE
London stock exchange index FUMIN

Fundo Mutilateral de Investimentos Funai

Fundação Nacional do Índio (National Indian Foundation) ➔ replaced SPIIndian Protection Service Funarte
Fundação Nacional de Arte (National Foundation for the Arts) FUNCEF

Retirement fund for CEF employees FUNCEP

Fundação Centro de Formação do Servidor Público (federal public employee training center) ➔ replaced by ENAP FUNDEB

Fundação Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (National Foundation for Development of Primary and PreSchool Education) – replaced FUNDEF FUNDEF

Fundação Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação Fundamental (National Foundation for Primary School Development) ➔ replaced by FUNDEB Funpresp

Fundo de Previdência Complementar do Servidor Público da União
(Complementary Pension Fund for Federal Employees) FUNRURAL –
Fundo de Assistência ao Trabalhador Rural (social security fund for rural workers) Furnas

Founded in 1957, a subsidiary of Eletrobras. Operates 12 hydro electric dams and two thermalelectric plants ➔ 12,523 MW installed capacity. 45 FX
FX2
G3
G4

Foreign Exchange
FAB project to buy new 36plane squadron of jet fighter planes Grupo dos 3 – Group of Three (Brazil, South Africa & India) Grupo dos 4 – Group of Four (Brazil, South Africa, India & Japan ➔ UN Security Council) G4S
The world’s largest security company created in 2004 by a merger of Group 4 Falck (Denmark) + Securicor (UK) G7
Grupo dos 7 – Group of Seven (7 most developed industrial nations) G8
G7 plus Russia G20
Grupo dos 20 – Group of 20 (emerging nations led by Brazil and India ➔ WTO negotiations) G20

G8 nations plus 12 emerging nations ➔ new international economic forum; after Sept./08 “blowout” GAAP

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAFI

Grupo de Ação Financeira sobre Lavagem de Dinheiro (FATFFinancial Action Task Force on Money Laundering) Gafisa

Large SPbased real estate firm Galeão
Rio de Janeiro’s International Airport (
Aeroporto Tom Jobim) GALP
Portuguese petroleum firm GAPA

Grupo de Apoio e Prevenção de AIDS (Support Group for AIDS Prevention) GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (replaced by WTO in 1995) Gávea

Investment Group. Founded in 2003 by Armínio Fraga. HQ in Rio. 46 Gazprom
GB
GDF
GDF
GECF GEF
GEIPOT
GETAT

Russian natural gas firm
the state of Guanabara (created in 1960 from old DF; merged with RJ in 1975)
Government of the Federal District – Brasília Gaz de France (French gas company) Gas Exporting Countries Forum (the Natural Gas OPEC)
➔ founded in 2001; approved its formal charter in 2008
Global Environmental Facility, began in 1991
Grupo de Estudos para a Integração da Políitca de Transportes (within MT) (Study Group for the Integration of Transportation Policies) – founded 1965 transformed into Empresa Brasileira de Planejamento de Transportes (1973) extinguished in May 2008
Grupo Executivo das Terras do AraguaiaTocantins (Executive Group for Land in the Araguaia and Tocantins river basins) GFSR

Global Financial Stability Report published twice a year by the IMF since 2008 GFN

Global Innovation Forum – an international think tank working to advance sustainability through use of the Ecological Footprint. GfK

Gesellschaft für Konsumforschung [Society for Consumer Research), founded in 1934 in Nuremberg, Germany (one founding member was Ludwig Erhard). ➔ Began operations in Brazil in 1987 GFN

Global Footprint Network GLP

Gás Liquifeito de Petróleo (LPGLiquefied Petroleum Gas) GM

General Motors GM
Gazeta Mercantil (businesseconomicsfinance newspaper published in São Paulo), closed in 2009. GMOs
Genetically Modified Organisms ( OGMs – Organismos Geneticamente Modificados) 47 GNL
GNV
GO
GOL
GPI
Gripen NG
GRU
GSI
GSM
GSP
GT
GTech
GTZ
GVT
HABITAT

Gás Natural Liquifeito
(LNGLiquified Natural Gas) Gas Natural Veicular (natural gas fuel for autos, buses & trucks) State of Goiás
GOLLinhas Aéreas Inteligentes, fundada em 2001 (nofrills airline founded in 2001, purchased Varig in 2007) ➔ modeled after Southwest Airlines in US
Global Peace Index – incidence of violence, complied by rd
EIU for 121 nations (Brazil ranked 83
in 2007)
Swedish fighter plane that competed for the FX2
Guarulhos International Airport in São Paulo Gabinete de Segurança Institutional (Office of Institucional Security – linked to the Presidency)
Global System for Mobile (European cell phone system, uses chip) Generalized System of Preferences [via USTR in the US] (Facilitates access of emerging nation exports to the US market)
Grupo de Trabalho (working group, task force) US firm (HQ Rhode Island) that administers lotteries, purchased Racimec in 1997 and “inherited” its contract with the CEF to operate its lotteries. GTech was accused of using “pressure techniques” on CEF to renew its contract in 2004.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH (German Technical Cooperation Agency)
Global Village Telecom telephone & broad band provider in Brasília ➔ owned by Vivendi (France)
UN Conference of Human Habitations 48 HC
HDI
HDPE
Helibrás
HFA
Hospital das Clínicas (hospital with diverse clinics)
Human Development Index (index complied by UNDP every year)
High Density Polyethylene Helicópteros do Brasil S.A. – former stateowned firm that manufactures helicopters as of 1978, HQ Itajubá, MG – now owned by Eurocopter (EADS) Hospital das Forças Armadas (Armed Forces Hospital in Brasília) HGPE
Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral (Free Election Propaganda Hour, allocated by TSE) HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS) Hon Hai

Trading Group for Foxxcom Technology Group (Taiwan) HR
US House of Representatives HRT

Oil and gas exploration – Solimões River basin, and offshore in ES & RJ ➔ founded in 2009, IPO in 2010 HSBC
HongKong Shangai Bank Corp. (acquired Bamerindus in 1999) Huawei

Chinese smartphone manufacturer Hudson Institute –
“Research” Inst. founded by Herman Kahn proposed grandiose development plan for the Amazon in 1970s IAA

Instituto do Açucar e do Álcool (sugar and alcohol institute) IAB

Instituto de Advogados do Brasil (Brazilian Institute of Lawyers) IAB

Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil (Brazilian Institute of Architects) IADB

InterAmerican Development Bank (formerly “IDB”) 49 (BID – Banco Interamericano do Desenvolvimento) IAEA
IAF
IBAM
Ibama
IBASE
IBC
IBCBr
IBES
IBGE
IBICT
Ibope
IBPT

International Atomic Energy Agency – UN Agency, HQ in Vienna
(AIEA – Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica)
Inter American Foundation (HQ Washington, DC, founded 1969)
Instituto Brasileiro de Administração Municipal (private organization in Rio; research & training for local gov’t.) Inst. Brasileira do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Renováveis (Environmental Protection Inst.)
Inst. Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicos (Brazilian Inst. for SocioEconomic Analyses – in Rio de Janeiro)
Instituto Brasileiro do Café (Brazilian Coffee Institute, extinct in 1991)
Central Bank Economic Activity Index a monthly “preview” for GDP result
Institutional Brokers Estimate System Inst. Brasileira de Geografia e Estatística (National Statistics Bureau ➔ inflation indexes & census)
Inst. Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia
(Brazilian Inst. for Science & Technology Information MCT) Inst. Brasileiro de Opinião Pública – in Rio de Janeiro (Survey Research Firm, does surveys for CNI)
Instituto Brasileiro de Planejamento e Tributação Brazilian Institute of Planning and Taxation IBRBrasil RE –
Institute Brasileiro de Reseguros (Brazilian Reinsurance Inst. – state enterprise) IBRA

Instituto Brasileiro da Reforma Agrária (
Brazilian Inst. for Agrarian Reform) IBRAM

Instituto Brasileiro de Mineração (Brazilian Mining Inst.) 50 IBSA
ICA
ICAO
ICAP
ICATU
ICBC
ICC
ICC
ICE
ICE
ICI
ICMS
ICONE
ICSID
ICV
IEA
IDEA
India, Brazil and South Africa ➔ IBSA Summit (G3) (met in South Africa on 17th October 2007)
Indicador Composto Avançado (used by OECD) (
CLIComposite Leading Indicators)
International Civil Aviation Organization ➔ UN agency, HQ in Montreal, Canada
Largest stockmarket & real estate broker worldwide; offices in Rio & SP
Insurance & pension company in Brazil
Industrial and Commerce Bank of China
US – Interstate Commerce Commission
International Criminal Court – The Hague, Netherlands ➔ TPITribunal Penal International
Indície de Clima Econômico (prepared by FGV ECI
– Economic Climate Index
US Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Industrial Confidence Index, compiled monthly by FGV
Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços (tax on goods and services, replaced ICM)
Inst. de Estudos do Comércio e Negociações Internacionais (private research inst. for foreign trade issues – HQ in SP) International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes World Bank’s dispute resolution forum, HQ in Washington, DC Índice Custo de Vida (
Consumer
Cost of Living Index, compiled by Fipe) International Energy Agency
Inst. for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (UN organization HQ in Stockholm) 51 IDEC
IEC
IED
IEDI
IEO
IFATCA
IFC
IFES
International Drug Enforcement Conference International Electrotechnical Commission – HQ in Geneva Investimento Estrangeiro Direto (FDIForeign Direct Investment)
Instituto de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento Industrial (private organization to promote industrial development) Independent Evaluation Office – “monitors” IMF
International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers Assoc.
International Finance Corporation – established 1956 (member of the World Bank Group) Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (federal universities) IFES
International Foundation for Election Systems – HQ in Washington, DC IFR

International Financing Review (published by Thomson Reuters) IFLAPA
International Federation of Airline Pilots’ Associations IGP
Índice Geral dos Preços (a wholesale price index) IGPDI
Índice Geral dos Preços – Disponabilidade Interna
(general price index, excludes imported goods) IGPM
Índice Geral dos Preços Mercado
(general price index – market prices) IICA
Instituto Interamericano de Ciências Agrícolas (InterAmerican Inst. for Agriculture training & research) ➔ HQ in Turrialba, Costa Rica IIPA

International Intellectual Property Alliance (represents some 1,900 US companies) IIRSA

Iniciativa para a Integração da Infraestrutura Regional SulAmericana 52
(South American Regional Infrastructure Integration) ILO
ILS
Imazon
IMD
IME
IMF
IMG
IML
IN
INA
INB
INCA
INCC
International Labor Organization (UN unit in Geneva) (OITOrganizão Internatioanl do Trabalho)
Instrument Landing System ➔ ILS3, the most advanced, sophisticaed version prosustainable development NGO based in Belém, PA International Institute for Management Development (Switzerlandbased business school) ➔publishes WCYWorld Competitiveness Yearbook
Instituto Militar de Engenharia (Military Engineering Inst. – run by the Army) ➔ undergrad. & graduate programs, HQ in Rio International Monetary Fund (FMIFundo Monetário Internacional) International Management Group – sports & entertainment acquired by Theodore Forstmann in 2004
In Nov. 2010, IMG formed a joint venture (IMGX) with Eike Batista
Instituto Medico Legal (state government “morgue” – completes autopsies of the dead & issues death certificates)
Imprensa Nacional (Federal Government Printing Office, in Brasília)
Índice de Nível de Atividade – level of industrial activity (used by Fiesp)
(Index of Level of [Industrial] Activity)
Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil, S.A. (Brazilian Nuclear Industry) Instituto Nacional de Cancer (National Cancer Institute) Índice de Preços da Construção Civil (Index for Construction Prices) 53 INCOR
INCRA
INEP
INESC

Instituto do Coração (heart institute – hospital in SP)
Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (National Inst. for Colonization & Agrarian Reform)
Inst. Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (National Inst. for Educational Studies & Research ➔MEC)
Instituto de Estudos SocioEconômicos (
Inst. for SocioEconomic Studies – proactive NGO in Brasília) Inframerica
Consortium that holds concession to administer JK Airport in Brasília Infraero
state enterprise that controls and administers Brazil’s airports Inmetro
Inst. Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (National Inst. of Standards, Norms & Industrial Quality) ➔
similar to US National Bureau of Standards INPA

Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas Amazônicas – HQ in Manaus
National Inst. for Research on the Amazon Region INPC Indíce Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor
(Consumer Price Index – up to 8 minimum wages) INPE
Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (National Space Research Inst., São José dos Campos, SP) INPI

Inst. Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (Brazilian Patent Office) Insper

Inst. de Ensino e Pesquisa de São Paulo ➔ graduate level training in Economics and Administration INSS
Inst. Nacional de Seguro Social (replaced INPS)
(National Social Security Inst. – for private sector) Invepar

Association of pension funds that participates in the GRU concession Interpol

Organização Internacional de Polícia Criminal
(International Criminal Police Organization) ➔
congregates police from 182 nations 54 IOB
IOF
IP
IPA
IPAC
IPC
IPC
IPCC1
IPCA
IPEA
IPHAN
IPI
IPP
IPR
IPRI
Informações Objetivas Publicações Jurídicas Ldta. (private firm, provides detailed technical business information)
Imposto sobre Operações Financeiras
(tax on financial operations)
Industrial Production Índice de Preços por Atacado (wholesale price index)
Instituto de Patrimônio Artístico e Cultural (Inst. of Artistic and Cultural Patrimony) at Ministry of Culture
Instituto de Previdência dos Congressistas (retirement fund for members of Congress) Índice de Preços ao Consumidor (a consumer price index – up to 6 minimum wages)
Consumer Price Index for the lowest income bracket from 1 to 2.5 minimum wages Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (Broad Consumer Price Index, up to 20 minimum wages)
Inst. de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Inst. for Applied Economic Research – at MPOG)
Inst. do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (National Inst. of Historic and Artistic Patrimony)
Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados (tax on industrial products)
Indíce de Preços ao Produtor (inflation index for producer prices) Intellectual Property Rights Institute de Pesquisas em Relações Internacionais 55 (International Relations Research Inst. – part of MRE) IPSA
IPTU
IPU
IR
IRB
IRBr
IRPF
IRPJ
ISA
ISI
ISO
ISO
ISPN
ISS
IstoÉ
ITA

International Political Science Assoc.
Imposto Territorial Urbano (local real estate tax)
InterParliamentary Union – HQ in Geneva, founded in 1889
Imposto de Renda (income tax; IRPF = personal income tax; IRPJ = corporate income tax) Instituto de Resseguros do Brasil (Brazilian reinsurance Inst. – public autarky, to be privatized in 2008) Inst. Rio Branco (diplomat training course at MRE) Imposto de Renda de Pessoa Física (personal income tax) Imposto de Renda de Pessoa Jurídica (corporate income tax)
Instituto SocioAmbiental, HQ em Brasília, fundado 1994 (SocioEnvironmental Inst., HQ Brasília, founded 1994)
ImportSubstitution Industrialization International Sugar Organization – HQ in London – since 1954 (OIAOrganização International do Açucar) International Standardization Office – HQ in Geneva
Instituto Sociedade População, População e Natureza, Brasília (Inst. Society, População & Nature, HQ Brasília, founded in 1990)
Imposto sobre Serviços (municipal tax levied on services) weekly news magazine Inst. Tecnológico da Aeronáutica 56 (FAB engineering school, in São José dos Campos, SP) Itamaraty
Itaú
ITO
ITR
IUPERJ
IURD
IVA
JAC
Jazztel
JDA
Jai Bharat
Jango
JB
JBIC
JBS
JEC
nickname for MRE, Ministry of Foreign Relations rd
Banco Itaú – Brazil’s 3
largest private bank
International Trade Organization
Imposto Territorial Rural (tax on rural lands)
Inst. Universitário de Pesquisas de Rio de Janeiro (private graduate research center in Rio, offers MA & Ph.D. in Political Science and Sociology) Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus – Bishop Edir Macedo (Universal Church of the Kingdom of God) – TV
Record
Imposto de Valor Agregado (VAT – Value Added Tax)
Jianghuai Automobile Co. Chinese auto manufacturer, exports to Brazil; has factory in Jundiaí, SP
Spanish telecom (telephone, internet & TV) founded in 1998 & incorporated UK
JDA Software Group Inc. – HQ Scottsdale, AZ. Founded by James D. Armstrong in 1978. HQ in São Paulo.
Indian Gum & Chemical Company Ltd. founded in 1982 nickname for Pres. João Goulart (19611964)
Jornal do Brasil (Major newspaper in Rio de Janeiro) Japan Bank for International Cooperation
Friboi
– large Brazilian meat packer and beef exporter, founded in 1953
Juventude Estudantil Católica (Catholic organizaiton for highschool age youth, repressed by military) 57 JETRO
JF
JICA
Jirau
JK
JOC
JQ
JUC
Jupiter
Jumia
KAS

Japanese International Trade Organization
Justiça Federal
(Federal Judiciary)
Japan International Cooperation Agency
New hydroelectric project on the Madeira River (Rondônia) Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (former Brazilian President, 19561961)
Juventude Operário Católica (Catholic workers’ organization, repressed by military after 1964) Jânio Quadros (former Brazilian President, 7 months in 1961)
Juventude Universitária Católica (Catholic organization for university students, harshly repressed by the military after 1964, many militants joined
AP
and other antimilitary organizations) large deepwater, “presalt” oil field southeast of São Paulo
Nigerian online retail sales firm
Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (Konrad Adenauer Foundation, German Christian Democratic Party) th
Kasato Maru First ship carrying Japanese immigrants, docked at Santos on 18
June 1908 Keidanren
Nippon Keidanren – confederation of Japanese industrial sector leaders KC390

New twinengine jet cargo transport plane being developed by Embraer
Will replace the “workhorse” C130 (1950s vintage) cargo plane KfW

Frankfurtbased

development bank founded in 1948 under the Marshall Plan. KKR
KohlbergKravisRoberts – US private equity firm KPMG

One of the “big four” international auditing firms worldwide ➔ operates in 21 Brazilian cities KWU

Kraftwerk Union –
Kraftwerksgeschäft von Siemens 58 (German manufacturer of heavy equipment for nuclear power plants and other electricity generation facilities) Laranja
literally “an orange” [citrus fruit] political slang for a “stand in, cover up,
eminence gris a person used (some times involuntarily) to be the person legally
responsible for some entity, for tax evasion purposes LATAM
New holding [merger] between TAM and Lan Chile announced in August 2010 LBA

Legião Brasileira de Assistência (social assistance administered by Brazil’s First Ladies, began with Darcy Vargas in 1942 – abolished in 1995) LBV

Legião de Boa Vontade, PseudoReligious Group Founded by Alziro Zarur in 1949
Legion of Good Will LCA
São Paulobased consulting firm – founded in 1993 LCV

Light commercial vehicle LDB

Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (basic education law in Brazil) LDO
Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias
(Budget Guidelines Law) – finalized by Congress by 30th July every year LDPE

Low Density Polyethylene Le Lis Blanc Retail women’s clothing store ➔ Acquired Rosa Chá in July 2012 LG
LG Electronics, South Korean firm (previously
Goldstar
until 1995) (“LG” symbol means – “The World”, “The Future”, “Youth”, “Humanism” and “Technology”) LIBOR

London Interbank Offering Rate Lions Gate
Entertainment Corp. (LGE), founded in Vancouver in 1993, 7th most profitable film company worldwide LLX

A division of EBX (Eike Batista) devoted to “logistics” (ports, etc.) 59 LME
LNG
LOA
LogZ
LPI
LRF
LSE
LSN
LTF
LTN
London Metals Exchange
Liquified Natural Gas
(GNLGás Natural Liquifeito) Lei do Orçamento Anual (annual budget law) – transmitted to Congress on 1st August every year
Logistics platform firm in Brazil, founded in 2010
Logistics Performance Index, compiled every year by World Bank
Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (Fiscal Responsibility Law, penalizes deficit spending by state and municipal governments)
London School of Economics and Political Science
Lei de Segurança Nacional (National Security Law) Letras Financeiras do Tesouro (national treasury bonds, fixed term, SELIC rate
Letras do Tesouro Nacional
(fixed rate treasury bonds) Luz para Todos
– “Electricity for Everyone” – Lula’s rural electrification program LVMH
Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy MA

State of Maranhão MAB
Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (Movement of those Displaced by Power Dam Projects) MAer

Ministério da Aeronaútica (Air Force Ministry, incorporated into Min. of Defense in 1999) Maersk

A.P (Arnold Peter) MollerMaersk Group. Danish shipping firm founded in 1904. The world’s largest container ship and supply vessel operator. MAg
Ministério de Agricultura e do Abastecimento 60 (Ministry of Agriculture) Makro
MAN
Mangels
Mão Santa
Mapfre
MARE
MC
MC
MCT
MD
MD
MDA
MDB
MDGs

Amsterdambased international warehouse “cash and carry” club, with 76 stores in Brazil. MAN AG – Maschinenfabrik AugsburgNürnberg – HQ Munich (large German firm that manufucuters motors and trucks) acquired VW truck and bus division in Brazil in January 2009
Industrial metals firm in SP, founded in SP in 1928 nickname for Francisco de Assis de Moraes Souza (PMDB Senator and former governor of Piauí)
Brazilian insurance company
Ministério da Administração Federal e Reforma do Estado
(Ministry for Federal Administration & Reform of the State) ➔ abolished in 2003 Ministério das Comunicações (Ministry of Communications)
Ministério das Cidades (Ministry for the Cities) Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (Ministry of Science & Technology) Ministério da Defesa (Ministry of Defense, created in 1999)
Mobilização Democrática (Democratic Mobilization, party merger attempted by PPSPMNPHS in early 2007 that did not materialize) Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário (Ministry of Agrarian Development) Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (became PMDB in 1980) (Brazilian Democratic Movement, 19661979) ➔ opposition party
versus
military regime
Millenium Development Goals 61 MDIC
MDS
ME
ME
MEC
Mensalão
Mercosul
MEx
Merval
MF
MG
MGE
MI
MIC
MIDIF
Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio (Ministry of Development, Industry & Commerce)
Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social (Ministry of Social Development Ministério dos Esportes (Ministry of Sports)
Micro Empresa (micro business) Ministério da Educação (Ministry of Education) a BIG “monthly allowance” allocated to deputies to “vote the right way”, in 2003 and 2004, funds from “suspect” sources, mostly “siphoned off” from public contracts and “laundered” via government propaganda contracts with advertising firms – scandal exploded in 2005. Mercado Comum dos Países do Cone Sul
(South American Common Market)
Ministério do Exército (Ministry of the Army, incorporated into Defense Min. in 1999) Argentine stock market index Ministério da Fazenda (Ministry of Finance) State of Minas Gerais Railroad equipment & service firm founded in 2001, acquired by Caterpillar’s “Progress Rail Services” in Latin America in June 2008. Ministério da Integração Nacional (Ministry of National Integration) Middle Income Country Markets in Financial Instruments Directive UK, replaced ISD (Investment Services Directive) in November 2007 62 Mig
MIGA
Minc
Minc
Minustah
Mittal
MJ
MJV
MLST
MM
MMA
MM&E
MMX
MODEC
Russian jet fighter plane “
MikoyanGuernica
”
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (Agência Multilateral de Garantia de Investimentos) Ministério da Cultura (Ministry of Culture)
Carlos
Minc
, Minister for the Environment (20082010) UN Peace Keeping Mission in Haiti (commanded by a Brazilian officer, largest contingent of troops from Brazil) India’s largest steel maker (Mittal family) – merged with Arcelor Ministério da Justiça (Ministry of Justice)
Technology and Innovation firm in Rio
Movimento de Libertação dos SemTerra (Movement for the Liberation of the Landless radical splinter from MST led by PT militant Bruno Maranhão
Ministério da Marinha (Navy Ministry, incorporated into Defense Min. in 1999)
Ministério do Meio Ambiente (Ministry of Environment) Ministério de Minas e Energia (Ministry of Mines and Energy) Mineração e Metálicos – firm owned by mega investor Eike Batista (
Mining and Metals firm)
Mitsui Ocean Development & Engineering Co. a Tokyobased provider of offshore drilling equipment MoM
Month on Month Montoneros The largest guerrilla movement in Argentina. 63 Moody’s
MP
MPAS
MPDFT
MPE
MPEs
MPF
MPM
MPOG
MPS
MPT
MPX
MRE
MRS
MRV
MS
Moody’s Investor Service – HQ in New York (sovereign risk ratings for different countries) Medida Provisória (provisional measure, issued by president➔force of Law) Ministério da Previdência e Assistência Social (Social Security Ministry) Ministério Público do DF e Territórios, also MPF (Federal Prosecutors for the DF and federal territories)
Ministério Público Estadual
(state government prosecutors)
Micro e Pequenas Empresas
(small and micro businesses)
Ministério Público Federal (vê PGR) (Federal Prosecutors, see PGR) Ministério Público Militar (junto ao STM)
(Federal Prosecutors at STMSuperior Military Court) Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão (Ministry of Planning, Budget & Management) Ministério da Previdência Social – replaced MTPS & MPAS (Ministry of Social Security) Ministério Público do Trabalho (federal prosecutors assigned to labor courts)
The electrical energy group linked to EBX – Megainvestor Eike Batista Ministério de Relações Exteriores (Ministry of Foreign Relations,
Itamaraty
)
private railroad & logistics firm founded in 1996 iron ore transportation from MG
Large Brazilian Construction Firm State of Mato Grosso do Sul 64 MS
MSCI
MSF
MST
MT
MT
MT
MTA
MTCR
MTE
MTPS
MTR
Mubadala
Municípios
MWM
NACC
Ministério de Saúde (Ministry of Health) Morgan Stanley Capital International (stock market index, MSCIBrazil)
Médecins Sans Frontières Doctors without Borders
Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais sem Terra (Landless Rural Workers’ Movement) State of Mato Grosso
Ministério do Turismo (Ministry of Tourism) Ministério dos Transportes (Ministry of Transportation)
Master Top Airlines – hired by ECT to carry air mail in Brazil Involved in Erenice Guerra corruption scandal in 2010
Missile Technology Control Regime (created in 1997 in Canada) (RCTMRegime de Controle de Tecnologia de Mísseis) Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (Ministry of Labor & Jobs) Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência Social ➔ divided into MTE & MPS (former Ministry of Labor & Social Security) Movimento Trabalhista Renovador, 19601965 [Fernando Ferrari]
(Labor Renovation Movement, splinter party from PTB in 1960)
Joint public stock company founded in 2002 in Abu Dhabi
Brazilian municipalities (5,569 towns and cities), within the federal system
Motoren Werke Mannheim AG – founded in 1922, makes diesel truck engines sold to Navistar in 2005; three plants in Brazil and one in Argentina
Núcleo de Apoio à Criança com Cancer 65 NACC
NAE
NAFTA
NAMA
Nano
NASA
NASDAQ
NBCs
NCC
NCSL
NE
NEC
Net
Nextel
NFC
NFTC
NIKKEY
NME
NO

National Assessment & Accreditation Council (in India) Núcleo de Estudos Estratégicos (Strategic Studies Unit, within Sec. for Social Communication) North American Free Trade Association (US, Canada & Mexico – in 1993)
NonAgricultural Market Access (WTO negotiating point in Doha Round) Miniautomobile launched by Ratan Tata in India
US National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Assoc. of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (launched in 1971, securities market for large technology firms, recently merged with AMEX) Notas do Banco Central (minimum 3month term, 6% p.a. + US$ fluctuation) National Cotton Council
National Conference of State Legislatures – HQ in Denver, CO
Nordeste (Northeast region of Brazil)
Nippon Electronics Company
Internet/Cable TV/Phone company organized by Globo ➔ Acquired by Embratel (Carlos Slim) in 2010
Brazilian cell phone company
Near Field Communication
US National Foreign Trade Council
Japanese Stock Market Index
Nonmarket economy
Norte (North) 66 Nossa Caixa Bank owned by State of São Paulo, sold to the Banco do Brasil in 2008 Notam

“Notice to Airmen” – Official communication to pilots NOVACAP
Companhia Urbanizadora da Nova Capital do Brasil (state company that built and administers Brasília) Novartis

Swiss pharmaceutical group founded in 1996 via merger of CibaGeigy and Sandoz – three divisions, Pharma, Consumer Health & Sandoz Novo Banco
Created by Portugal’1 Central Bank in 2014 to “rescue” assets & liabilities of the Banco Espírito Santo (BES). NPT

Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty (TNPTratado de Não Proliferação) NTBs
Nontariff barriers (term in WTO negotiations) NTC
National Transitionary Council (ruled Libya in 2011) NTN

Notas do Tesouro Nacional (variable rate Treasury notes) NuBank

Operates MasterCard via smartphones in Brazil. Founded by David Vélez (former Sequoia) in 2014 Nuci
Nível de Utilização de Capacidade Instalada (level of use of installed industrial capacity, index complied by Fiesp) NYMEX

New York Mercantil Exchange NYSE

New York Stock Exchange OAB
Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (Brazilian Bar Association) OAS

Organization of American States (OEAOrganização dos Estados Americanos) ➔ replaced Pan American Union in 1943 OAS
Construtura OAS Ltda., HQ Salvador, Bahia, major partner Cesar Mata Pires (soninlaw of ACM) 67 OBAN
OCB
OCDE
ODF
ODIC
ODS
OEA
OECD
OELAC
OEM
OESP
OGMs
OGU
OGX

Operação Bandeirantes (SP “clandestine” police organization to surpress antimilitary guerrilla organizations with private funding, 19681975)
Organização das Cooperativas Brasileiras (Organization of Brazilian Cooperatives)
Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico) ➔
OECD –
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Open Document Format
Organização dos Indígenas da Cidade (Organization of Indian City Inhabitants) Objetivos de Desenvolviemnto Sustentável – conceito usado no Rio+20 ➔ SDGs –
Sustainable Development Goals Organização dos Estados Americanos (OASOrganization of American States) ➔ replaced Pan American Union in 1943
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (founded in 1948 as OEEC, membership extended to nonEuropean states in 1961 ➔ OCDE –
Oganização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico)
Organização dos Estados Latinoamericanos e Caribenhos – OAS do B (Organization of Latin American and Caribbean States) proposed during 2008 CALC; with Cuba, without the US & Canada Original Equipment Manufacturer
O Estado de São Paulo (Major São Paulo newspaper) Organismos Geneticamente Modificados (GMOsGenetically Modified Organisms) Orçamento Geral da União st
(final version of federal budget) – approved by Congress before 31
December
OGX Petróleo e Gas Participações Oil and gas firm owned by mega investor Eike Batista 68 OHL
Oi
OIC
OIE
OIT
OLADE
OMC
OMS
OMV
ONG
ONIP
ONS
ONU
OPA
OPAS
OPEC

Obrascon Huarte Lain S/A (Spanish construction firm, won highway concessions in Brazil) Brazilian cell phone operator owned by Telemar
Organização International do Café (WCOWorld Coffee Organization)
Office International des Epizooties (World Organization fro Animal Health) Organização International do Trabalho (ILOInternational Labor Organization)
Organização Latinoamericana de Energia (Latin American Energy Organization) Organização Mundial do Comércio (WTOWorld Trade Organization) Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOWorld Health Organization)
Austrian oil and gas company – operates in Central Europe
Organização NãoGovernamental (NGO, NonGovernmental Organization)
Organização Nacional da Indústria do Petróleo (National Organization of the Petroleum Industries)
Operadora Nacional do Sistema Elétrica (coordinates the national electrical “grid”) Oranização das Nações Unidas
(UNUnited Nations)
Operação Pan Americana
– launched by Pres. Kubitschek in 1958
(proposal for a massive assistance program, coopted by
Alliance for Progress
) Organização PanAmericana de Saúde – HQ Washington, DC (PAHOPanAmerican Health Organization)
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 69 (OPEPOrganização de Países Exportadores de Petróleo) ORTN
Oscip
OSX
OTC
OTCA

Obrigações Reajustáveis to Tesouro Nacional (Inflation Adjusted Treasury Notes) Organizações da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público (Public Interest Civil Society Organizations – NGOs with legal status)
Ship building firm – part of EBX (Eike Batista’s empire)
Over the Counter (derivatives market)
Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (Organization of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty) OTF

Organized trading facilities PA
State of Pará PAC
Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento – launched by Lula gov’t. in 2007 (Growth Acceleration Program, +5% GDP per year through 2010) Aliança do Pacífico –
New free trade pact Chile, Peru, Colombia & Mexico in June 2012 PAEG

Plano de Ação Econômica do Governo (Government Economic Action Plan – launched by Pres. Castelo Branco in 1964) PAHO

PanAmerican Health Organization (HQ in Washington, DC) (OPASOrganização Panamericana de Saúde) PAISM

Programa de Assistência Integral da Mulher (Complete Health Assistance Program for Women) PAN

Partido Agrário Nacional ➔ PSP in 1947 (National Agrarian Party, 19451947) PAN

Partido dos Aposentados da Nação ➔ absorbed by PTB in 2006) (Party of Retirees of the Nation, 19982006) PARLAMAZ –
Parlamento Amazônico (Amazon Region Parliament) PARLATINO –
Parlamento LatinoAmericano (Latin American Parliament, HQ in São Paulo) 70 Pandora
PAS
Pasadena
PASEP
Patri
PB
PBK
PCB
PCRB
PCC
PCdoB
PCO
PDC
PDG
PDS

A music streaming and automated music service, IPO in 2011. Plano de Amazônia Sustentável – created in 2008
(Sustainable Amazon Plan) Refinery in Pasadena, TX acquired by Astra in 2004 for US$ 42.5 million & Petrobras paid US$ 820 million in 2009. Under investigation by the US DofJ and Brazilian prosecutors. Programa de Formação do Patrimônio do Servidor Público, (supplement of lower income brackets of public servants, created by military regime in 1970) “Consultancy” in Brasília (with a branch in Washington, DC), that conducts “institutional relations” and
lobby
activities State of Paraiba
PBK Bank – HQ in Stanford, KY Partido Comunista Brasileiro ➔ PPS in 1993 (Brazilian Communist Party, 19451947 & 19851993)
Partido Comunista Revolucionário Brasileiro (Brazilian Revolutionary Communist Party, 19681975; militants then transferred to a PT “tendency”
Brasil Socialista
and to the MLST) Primeiro Comando da Capital (de São Paulo) (worst and best organized crime group in SP) Partido Comunista do Brasil (Communist Party of Brazil, 1986 )
Partido da Causa Operária (Party of the Workers’ Cause, 1997 )
Partido Democrata Cristão (Christian Democratic Party, 19471965)
Largest real estate company in Latin America Partido Democrático Social ➔ PPR in 1991 (Social Democratic Party, 19801991) 71 PDT
PDVSA
PE
PEA
PEC
PED
PED
Pedágio
Pelé
PEMEX
PEN
PEPs
Pernod
Petrobrás
Petros
Pezco
Partido Democrático Trabalhista – Leonel Brizola’s party (Democratic Labor Party, 1980 )
Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (Venezuela’s petroleum state enterprise) State of Pernambuco
População Economicamente Ativa (economically active population, those working or looking for jobs)
Proposta de Emenda Constitucional (Proposed Constitutional Amendment) Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego (monthly survey of employment/unemployment by Dieese) Processo de Eleição Direta (PT – direct election of state and national party officers) Toll collected by highway concession holders. Esdon Arantes do Nascimento, born Três Coraçoes, MG in 1940; became the “King” of Brazilian soccer – a national idol
Petroleos Mexicanos (Mexican Petroleum State Enterprise) Partido Ecológico Nacional – recognized by TSE in June 2012 ➔ National Ecological Party, organized by the Assembly of God Church
Pessoas Expostas Políticamente (term used by COAF) ➔ Politically Exposed Persons
Pernod Ricard, French firm produces distilled beverages, founded by HenriLouis Pernod in 1797. Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Brazil’s large petroleum state enterprise) Retirement fund for Petrobrás employees.
SPbased microanalysis firm. 72 PFL
PGBL
PGFN
PGO
PGR
Phenon
PHS
PI
PIB
PIIGS
PIL
PIM
PIS
PISA
PITCE
Partido da Frente Liberal ➔
Democratas
(DEM) em março 2007 (Liberal Front Party, 19852007)
Plano Gerador de Benefício Livre Private retirement fund in Brazil ProcuradoriaGeral da Fazenda Nacional (
Chief Prosecutor at Finance Ministry)
Plano Geral de Outorgas
– revised by Pres. Lula in 2008
(General Plan of [Telecom] Authorizations) ProcuradorGeral da República (Chief Federal Prosecutor)
The Embraer corporate jet plane
Partido Humanista da Solidariedade, 1997 (former PSN) (Humanist Solidarity Party) State of Piauí Produto Interno Bruto (GDP – Gross Domestic Product)
Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain the five EU nations with the worse budget deficits
Programa de Investimentos em Logística – launched on 9th June 2015 Logistics Intestment Program – Ports, Railroads, Highways & Airports
Polo Industrial de Manaus (Industrial Sector in the City of Manaus)
Programa de Integração Social (Program of Social Integration)
PISA ExamProgramme for International Student Assesment (compiled by OECD every year)
Programa de Inovação Tecnológica e Comércio Exterior) (Program for Technological Innovation and Trade Policy) 73 PJ
PJEG
PL
PL
PL
PL
P/L
Planalto
PM
PMDB
PME
PMN
PMR
PNAD
PNUD
PNUMA
Partido da Juventude (19861989) ➔ PRN (Party of Youth, 19861989 ➔ PRN)
Communist Party of Vietnam
Partido Libertador (Liberator Party, 19451965) Partido Liberal ➔ became PR in 2006 (Liberal Party, 19852006)
Participação no Lucro (profit sharing)
Projeto de Lei
– a legislative bill under deliberation in Congress Índice Preço/Lucro (price/profit index, compares stock prices) Palácio do Planalto (President’s office building on the Three Powers Square) Polícia Militar (uniformed militarized police organization in states) Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, 1980 )
Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego (Monthly Employment Survey) Partido da Mobilização Nacional
(National Mobilization Party, 1985 ) Partido Municipalista Renovador, succeeded by PRB in 2005 (Renovating Municipal Party, 2005) – linked to IURD Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (IBGE national sample of residences) Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento
➔
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente 74
➔ UNEP
United Nations Evironment Programme Portobrás Posco
Postalis
PP
PP
PP
PPG7
PPA
PPdoB
PPB
PPG7
PPI
PPL
PPPs
PPR

Empresa estatal para administrar os portos brasileiros (19751990)
(state firm for administration of Brazil’s ports, 19751990)
South Korean steel company; has joint venture with CSS in Pernambuco
Inst. de Seguridade Social da Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégragos
(Pension fund for EBCT) Partido Popular (joined PMDB in 1982) (Popular Party, 19801982) Partido Progressista ➔ became PPB in 1995 (Progressive Party, 19931995, result of PTR + PST merger in 1993) Partido Progressista (former PPB) (Progressive Party, 2005 )
Pilot Programme for the Protection of Brazil’s Tropical Forests (Programa Piloto para a Proteção das Florestas Tropicais Brasileira) Plano Plurianual (Multiyear Plan)
Partido Proletário do Brasil, transformed into PST in 1950 Partido Progressista Brasileiro ➔ became PP in 2005 (Brazilian Progressive Party, 19952005) Programa Piloto para Proteção das Florestas Tropicais do Brasil (Pilot Program for Tropical Forest Protection, G7 funds via World Bank) Projeto Piloto de Investimentos (pilot program for investments, that would be excluded from the primary surplus “target” (4.25% of GDP) – via IMF sanction Partido da Pátria Livre (new party registered at TSE in Oct. 2011 (Party of the Free Nation) Parcerias PúblicoPrivadas (publicprivate partnerships, for infrastructure development) Partido Progressista Republicano ➔ became PPB in 1995 75 (Progressive Republican Party, 19931995) PPS
PPS
PR
PR
PR
PR
PRB
PRBN
PRC
PRD
Preguin
Previ
PRF
PRN
PROBEN
Partido Popular Sindicalista ➔ joined PSP in 1947 (Popular Sindicalist Party, 19451947) Partido Popular Socialista (Popular Socialist Party, 1993 ) – former PCB State of Paraná
Partido Republicano, 19451965 [Arthur Bernardes] (Republican Party, derived from the PRs in 18981930 period) Partido da República, created by PL+Prona merger in 2007 (Party of the Republic, 2007 ) Proportional Representation (RP in Portuguese) (Brazil uses “open list PR”) Partido Republicano Brasileiro [VicePresident José Alencar] (Brazilian Republican Party, 2005 ), successor of PMR, linked to IURD Partido da Revolução Bolivariana Nacional (National Bolivarian Revolution Party, registered in Rio de Janeiro by Hugo Chávez sympathizers in December 2006)
Partido Revolucionário Comunista (PCB splinter during military regime0 (
Revolutionary Communist Party) Partido Republicano Democrático, became PRT in 1950 (Democratic Republican Party, 19451950) Stock market quotations from Bloomberg News. Retirement fund for Banco do Brasil employees
Polícia Rodoviário Federal (Federal Highway Police – Ministry of Justice)) Partido da Reconstrução Nacional (party created by Fernando Collor de Mello) (National Renovation Party, 19892003) ➔ became PTC
Programa Brasileiro de Ecologia Nuclear (Brazilian Program for Nuclear Ecology) 76 PROCON

Serviço de Proteção do Consumidor (consumer protection service) PRODECER –
Programa para o Desenvolvemento dos Cerrados (Program for the Development of the
Cerrado
Region) PROER

Programa de Estímulo à Reestruturação e ao Fortalecimento do Sistema Financeiro Nacional (program to “recover” financial institutions in “difficulties – began in Nov. 1995) Profarma

Brazilian distributor of pharmaceutical products Prona
Partido da Reedificação da Ordem Nacional ➔ Enéas Carneiro (Party for Rebuilding the National Order, 19892006) ➔ merged with PL to form PR in January 2007 PRONAF

Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (program do strengthen the family farm) Pronasci
Programa Nacional de Segurança Pública com Cidadania (National Program for Public Safety with Citizenship) ➔ Lula’s anticrime, antiviolence program in cooperation with state governments PROS

Partido Republicano da Ordem Social
– a new political party officially registered by the TSE in September 2013 PROUNI
Programa Universidade para Todos (federal scholarship program for poor students at private universities) PROVAP

Programa de Valorização da Pequena Produção Rural (Program to Promote Small Farms) PRP
Partido Republicano Populista ➔ PSP in 1947 (Popular Republican Party, 19451947 – founded by Adhemar de Barros) PRP
Partido Representação Popular – party led by Plínio Salgado) (Popular Representation Party, 19471965) PRS

Partido das Reformas Sociais, 19901991 (Party of Social Reforms, organized by Hélio Garcia in 1990) 77 PRT
PSB
PSC
PSD
PSD
PSDB
PSL
PSN
PSoL
PSP
PST
PSTU
PT
PTdoB
PTB

Partido Rural Trabalhista, successor of PRD in 1950 (Rural Labor Party, 19501965 Partido Socialista Brasileira (Brazilian Socialist party, 19471965 & 1985 )
Partido Social Cristão (Social Christian Party, 1990 ) Partido Social Democrático (Democratic Social Party, 19451965) Partido Social Democrático – new political party registered at TSE in Sept./2011 (
Democratic Social Party, 2011??) – splinter from DEM Partido Social Democrático Brasileiro (Brazilian Social Democratic Party, 1988 )
Partido Social Liberal, 1994 – (Social Liberal party founded in 1994)
Partido da Solidariedade Nacional, became PHS in 1997
(National Solidarity Party, 19911997) Partido do Socialismo e Liberdade, organized by dissidentes (Socialism & Liberty Party, 2005 )
Partido Social Progressista, fundado por Adhemar de Barros em 1947 (Social Progressive Party, 19471965 and 1989 ) Partido Social Trabalhista, successor of PPdoB in 1950) (Social Labor Party, 19501965 & 19891993) Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado, splinter from PT in 1991 (
Unified Socialist Workers Party, 1991 ) Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party, founded 1980) Partido Trabalhista do Brasil, 19962006 (Labor Party of Brazil, merger with PL and Prona ➔ PR in 2006) Partido dos Trabalhista Brasileiro (Brazilian Labor Party, 19451965 & 1980 ) 78 PTC
PTG
PTN
PTR
PTR
PTRB
PUC
PV
QE2
Qualicorp
Quattor
QonQ
Radiobrás
Rafale
RBS
Partido Trabalhista Cristão, successor of PRN (Christian Labor Party, 1990 )
PTG Capital Partners founded by in NY by Solomon Kinrich. In June 2015, the SEC sued PTG alleging it had been used by a Bulgarian group in a “fake” takeover attempt of Avon Products Inc. Partido Trabalhista Nacional
(National Labor Party, 19471965) Partido Trabalhista Ruralista (Ruralist Labor Party, 19471965)
Partido Trabalhista Renovador, merged with PST
➔
PP in 1993
(Renovation Labor Party, organized by Joaquim Roriz in DF in 1989)
Partido Trabalhista Renovador Brasileiro, 1997 ➔ ? (
Brazilian Renovation Labor Party organized in 1997)
Pontifícia Universidade Católica (Catholic university)
Partido Verde (Green Party, 1993 ) Quantitative Expansion – the Fed buys back gov’t bonds from banks
Health insurance plan in Brazil. Joint venture (Petrobrás + Unipar) in petrochemicals formed in June 2008
Quarter on Quarter
Empresa Brasileira de Comunicação ➔ EBC in 2007 (State TV and Radio Enterprise)
French Dassault fighter plane that competed for the FX2.
Rede Brasil Sul de Comunicações (Southern Brazil media firm, TV, radio & press in RS and SC) ➔ owned by Sirotsky family 79 RBS RCTM
RDB

Royal Bank of Scotland
Regime de Controle de Tecnologia de Mísseis [created in 1997] (MTCR – Missle Technology Control Regime)
Recibo de Depósito Bancário (fixed rate time deposit) RDS

Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Sustainable Development Reserve) Real
Real
st

Brazil’s currency adopted on 1
July 1994 (R$).
Banco Real, private bank HQ in Minas Gerais, sold to ABN AMRO (largest Dutch bank) in 1999, which in turn was sold to a consortium including Banco Santander that took over Banco Real. REDD

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plan that will be discussed at the Copenhagen Summit in December 2009 Repsol
RESEX
Reuni
Spanish petroleum firm, operates in Brazil and Argentina
Reservera Extrativista (Extractivist Reserve)
Reforma Universitária – expansion program for federal universities, initiated in 2008 RFS
RG

Renewable Fuel Standard, expanded by the US Congress in 2007.
Registro Geral (ID number for national ID card system) RGE
Rio Grande Energia – serves northern part of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (electricity distribution firm privatized in 1997 – part of CPFL Group RGR

Reserva Global de Reversão (Fund for “reversal” or takeover of electric public services, or their expansion and/or improvement) RH

Recursos Humanos
(Human Resources) RI

Regimento de Infantaria 80 (Army infantry regiment) RIO92
RIO + 20
RIO2007
Rio Group
RJ
RLAM
RM

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ➔ held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 [ECO92] United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ➔ held in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012 Symbol of the Pan American Games held in Rio de Janeiro in July 2007. GRIO, created in Rio de Janeiro in 1986, with the merger of the
Contadora Group (Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela and Panamá) and the
Support Group
(Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Peru) ➔ analyze and propose solutions for wartorn Central America State of Rio de Janeiro
Landolpho Alves refinery in Bahia
Região Militar (Military Region, Brazilian Army organization term) RN
State of Rio Grande do Norte RO
State of Rondônia RODOANEL –
Anel Rodoviário Metropolitano de São Paulo (circumvention highway bypass around metro SP area) Rosatom

Russian federation national nuclear corporation. RP
Representação Proporcional (Proportional Representation, Brazil uses “open list” PR) RPK

the number of paying passengers times the number of kilometers they fly. RR
State of Roraima RS
State of Rio Grande do Sul RSF
Reporters sans Frontiéres (Reporters without Boundaries) Parisbased NGO that publicizes coercion against journalists worldwide & defends freedom of the press 81 RSS
RTL
RTP
S.A.
SAE
SAIS
SAL/MJ

Raposa Serra do Sol
– Indian reservation in the State of Roraima
Radio Television Luxembourg, a European media group founded in 1924, owned by German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Rádio Televisão Portuguesa (Portuguese Radio and TV Network)
Sociedade Anônima (firm with public share holders)
Secretaria de Assuntos Estratégicos (secretariat for strategic affairs, replaced SNI in 1990)
School of Advanced International Studies Washington branch of the Johns Hopkins University
Secretária para Assuntos Legislativos – no Min. da Justiça (Legislative Liaison section at Justice Ministry) Samarco

Brazilian mining firm – HQ in Belo Horizonte Sanguessugas
Deputados acusados de participar do “esquema” de distribuição de ambulâncias, escandalo explodiu em meados de 2006
(literally
blood suckers
, deputies accused of participation in the Ambulance distribution scandal in mid2006 SBDC

Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorrência (created on 2nd December 2011) (Brazilian System for Defense of Competition ➔ antitrust) SBM

SBM Offshore, Dutch firm, leader in supplying FPSO vessels. Convicted in corruption/bribe scheme with Petrobras by Dutch courts. SBPC
Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência (Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science) SBT

Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (Brazilian TV System, owned by Silvio Santos) SC
State of Santa Catarina SciELO
Scientific Eletronic Library Online ➔ Periodicals index used by CAPES in Brazil 82 SCPC
SCSIC
SDE
SDGs
SDS
SE
Seade
Sebrae
Sedex
Selic
Senac
Senai SENASP
Sensus
Sephan

Serviço Central de Proteção de Crédito (bad check, nonpayment, “dead beat” reference service) Small Company Standards Improvement Council
Secretaria de Direito Econômico
(Finance Ministry, Secretariat of Economic Rights, consumer rights watchdog, oversight on economic completion)
Sustainable Development Goals – concept used at Rio+20 ➔
ODS
– Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Social Democracia Sindical
(labor union central linked to PSDB) State of Sergipe Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (SP) (organizes, interprets, and publishes demographic and socioeconomic data, collects and publishes unemployment data with DIESSE
Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio äs Micro e Pequenas Empresas (similar to the US Small Business AdministrationSBA) Overnight express postal service (by ECT) Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custódia (basic interest rate set by Copom, every 6 weeks)
Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial
(national training service for retail sales)
Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (National Industrial Arts Training Program) Secretaria Nacional de Segurança Pública (at Justice Ministry) (Ministry of Justice, National Secretariat for Public Safety Survey research firm in Belo Horizonte, MG does polls for CNT
Secretaria do Partrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (National Secretariat for Historical Preservation) 83 Seplan
Seppir
SERASA
Serpro
Sete Brasil
SF
SFH
SGP
SHV
SIAFI
SICA
SIDA
Sina
Sinduscon

Secretaria de Planejamento ➔ MPOG
(Planning Secretariat)
Secretaria Especial de Promoção das Políticas de Igualdade Racial (Special Secretariat for Promotion of Racial Equality Policies) cabinetlevel unit created by Pres. Lula in 2003 Brazilian credit analysis service, acquired by Dublinbased Experian Group PLC in 2007
Serviço Federal de Processamento de Dados (Federal Data Processing Service)
Founded in 2011, is now one of the largest firms supplying offshore drilling platforms for Brazil’s presalt reserves. Involved in the Petrobras corruption/bribery scandal, Sete Brasil is trying to survive in 2015. Senado Federal (Federal Senate)
Sistema Financeiro de Habitação (início em 1964) (federal housing mortgage system, via CEF, began in 1964)
Sistema Geral de Preferências (GSPGeneralized System of Preferences) facilitates access of emerging market exports to developed nations - Steenkolen Handels-Vereeniging] Holdings N.V. was created in the Netherlands in
1896 via a merger of eight large coal trading family firms. In Brazil, SHV controls
Makro, Minasgás and Supergasbras. Sistema Integrado de Administação Financeira (do Governo Federal) (Integrated System of Financial Administration (of he Federal Government)
Sistema de Integração Centroamericano (Central American Integration System)
Sindrome de Imunodeficiência Adquerida (AIDS)
Chinese online media company [“New Wave”] ➔ Operates Sina Weibo, Sina Mobile, Sina Online and Sina.net
Sindicato da Indústria de Construção Civil do Estado de São Paulo 84 (Assoc. of the Civil Construction Industry in the State of SP) SINE
Sinopec
SinoSure
SIPAN
Sisfron
Sisgaaz
SISU
SIVAN
SIVORAM
SKF
SLW
SND
SNEA
SNI
SLW

Sistema Nacional de Emprego
(job placement service, Labor Ministry) Chinese petroleum firm
Established in 2001 by merger of PICC & China’s Exim Bank, member of Berne Union. Was hard hit in 2011 by insurance claims after the Libya uprising.
Sistema de Proteção Amazônica
Sistema Integrado de Monitoramento de Fonteiras
(Integrated System to Monitor Brazil’s Borders)
Sistema de Gerenciamento da Amazônia Azul (Management System for the “Blue” Amazon)
Sistema de Seleção Unificada – Unified Selection System Used by MEC to select students for federal universities
Sistema de Proteção Amazônica (radar surveillance system for the Amazon Region)
Sistema de Vigilância Orinoco e Amazônico (radar surveillance system for Orinoco and Amazon rivers)
manufacturer of roller bearings. Fonded in 1907 (Sweden) operates in 70 countries. arrived in Brazil in 1943
Stock and real estate broker in Brazil – also foreign exchange
Sistema Nacional de Debêntures (part of the CETIP system, registers all debentures in circulation)
Sindicato Nacional de Empresas Aéreas (National Syndicate of Airline Firms) Serviço Nacional de Informações (National Information Service, replaced by SAE and later by ABIn)
Stock broker and foreign exchange dealer 85 SOA
Sobeet
SoftBank
SOMA
SPI
SPM
Spotify
SPX Corp.
SRF
SP
S&P
SPC
SSD
SSM
Statoil
STDF

School of the Americas – located in the Panama Canal Zone
US military training school for Latin American officers after 1999, the SOA was transferred to Fort Benning, GA and in 2001 renamed the Western Hemisphere Inst. for Security Cooperation (WHINSEC)
Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos de Empresas Transnacionais e da Globalização Econômica (Private group that studies the role of transnationals in globalization)
Japanese multinational telecommunications and internet firm founded in 1981. Sociedade Operadora de Mercado de Acesso
(over the counter stock market operators)
Social Progress Initiative (compiled by Harvard Business School every year)
Secretaria Especial para Políticas para Mulheres foi transformado em ministério sem portfolio em 2011) (Special Secretariat for Women’s policies, upgraded to Ministry in 2011)
Commercial music streaming, podcast & video service founded in Sweden (2008)
Founded in 1911, now HQ in Charlotte, NC. Sealed power products for auto engines, now a multinational engineering company Secretaria da Receita Federal (Federal Tax Service) State of São Paulo
Standard & Poor’s – HQ in New York (stock market and sovereign risk evaluation agency)
Serviço de Proteção de Crédito (credit protection service – for retail sales)
Solidariedade
– a new political party organized by the
Força Sindical ➔ formally registered by the TSE in September 2013
Special safeguard mechanism (term in WTO negotiations)
Norwegian petrol firm, operates off shore wells in Brazil
Standards and Trade Development Facility (OECD) 86 STF
STJ
STM
STN
Supremo Tribunal Federal (Brazilian Supreme Court) Superior Tribunal de Justiça (Highest Federal Appeals Court) Superior Tribunal Militar (Superior Military Court) Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (Federal Treasury) Stora Enso Oyj –
SwedishFinnish paper pulp firm founded in 1928, reincorporated in 1998; Brazilian subsidiary (SEB) founded in 1998 STX

Norwegian shipbuilding firm – has shipyard in Niteroi, RJ Suape
Modern port facility in Recife, PE Suata

Logistics firm associated with Suape port facility Sucesu
Sociedade dos Usuários de Computadores e Equipamentos Subsidiários (private society for computer users) SUDAM
Superintendência do Desenvolvimento da Amazônia (Development Agency for the Amazon Region) SUDENE
Superintendência do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (Development Agency for the Northeast Region) SUDHEVEA
– Superintendência de Desenvolvimento da Borracha
(Federal program for development of rubber plantations) Suframa
Superintendência da Zona de Livre Comércio de Manaus (Amazon Free Trade Zone in Manaus) Sukhoi
Modern Russia jet fighter plane –
Sukhoi
35 Sumitomo
Began copper smelting in Japan (1590) and evolved in to a business conglomerate. Has been operating in Brazil since the 1970s. SUMOC

Superintendência da Moeda e do Crédito (Banco Central em 1965) 87 (Superintendency for Money and Credit ➔ became Central Bank in 1965) Supar
Suplente
SUS
SUV
SVS
SWAp
Subchefia de Assuntos Parlamentares (President’s Congressional Relations Office) alternate who [temporarily or permanently] assumes seat when Senator or Deputy
vacates office a Senator’s
suplente
is elected on same ticket, a deputy’s
suplente
is the next candidate on the PR open list Sistema Único de Saúde
(Single, unified Health System) Sport Utility Vehicle
Secretaria de Vigilância de Saúde MS (Secretariat for Health Surveillance – Min. of Health)
Sector Wide Approach (Abordagem Setorial Ampla) SWF

Sovereign Wealth Fund Symatec

Founded in 1982, internet security, rival of McAfee Symetrix
US computer chip manufacturer Systrol

Multinational firm – engineering projects TABB Group –
Financial markets’research and strategic advisory firm focused on capital markets. Founded by Larry TABB in 2003. Takata

Japanese airbag and seatbelt manufacturer. TAL

Technical Assistance Loan (Empréstimo de Assistência Técnica) TAM
Transportes Aéreos Marília (one of Brazil’s leading airlines) TAP

Transportes Aéreos Portugueses
(Portugal’s “flagship” airline) TBF

Taxa Básica Financeira (basic financial rate, with no “reduction clause”, like the TR 88 TCA
TCEs
TCU
TDA
TDMA
TEC
Tectoy
TED
Telebrás
Telos
Temasek
Tencent
TEP
Tereos
Tesla
TI

Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (Amazon Cooperation Treaty)
Tribunais de Contas Estaduais (state level accounting courts)
Tribunal de Contas da União (federal accounting court, external control) Títulos da Dívida Agrária (bonds used in land expropriations, considered “rotten paper”
Time Division Multiple Access (cell phone system that permits multiple users) Tarifa Externa Comun (common external tarrif) Brazilian video game & electronics firm, founded in 1987.
Technology, Entertainment & Design Telecomunicações Brasileiras S.A. (former Brazilian telecommunications state enterprise) ➔ privatized in 1998 Retirement fund for
Telebrás
and telecommunications employees
Singapore Sovereign Wealth Fund China’s largest internet company, incorporated in the Caymans in 1998.
Tribunal Electoral Paraguayo (Paraguay’s Election Court)
HQ in Lille, France produces sugar starchbased products. Tereos International created in 2010 is based in SP and is the third largest sugar produced in the world.
Tesla Motors (electric cars) – to be installed in Brazil in 2014
Croatian Nikola Tesla (18561943) – famous inventor Transparency International – HQ in Berlin 89 TI
TIAR
TIFA
TIM
Tiradentes
TJ
TJLP
TNP
TO
Totvs
TPI
TR
Tractebel

Tecnologia da Informaço ➔ Information Tecnhology Tratado Interamericano de Assistência Recíproca
(InterAmerican Mutual Assistance Treaty)

Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (a trade pact which establishes a framework for expanding trade and resolving outstanding disputes)
Telecom Italia Mobile (Brazilian cell phone operator, owned by Telecom Italia) Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, martyr of Brazilian independence, (captured and executed by Portuguese colonial administration in 1792) Tribunal de Justiça (State Supreme Court) Taxa de Juros de Longo Prazo (longterm interest rate, used by BNDES for development loans) Tratado de Não Proliferação (NPTNonProliferation Treaty) State of Tocantins
Leader in software, services and technology in Brazil
Tribunal Penal International – The Hague, Netherlands ➔ ICCInternational Criminal Court Taxa Referencial de Juros (created by the Collor Plan II in 1991, currently used as a monthly and daily rate for several types of investments)
Tractebel Energia S.A. (SuezTractebel responsible for 20% of electricity generated in Brazil, HQ in Santa Catarina) Traffic Group –
Largest sports marketing agency in Latin America founded by José Hawilla – involved in the FIFA bribery/payoff scheme. Hawilla did plea bargaining with the FBI as of 2013. Transbrasil Founded as
Sadia Transportes Aéreas
in 1955, 90 with an IPO in 1973 ➔ Transbrasil S.A. (major Brazilian airline, began in 1955, bankrupt in 2001) Transpetro
Trasteel
Transzero
TREs
TRF
Trips
Triunfo
TRT
TSE
TST
Tucano
Tucuruí
Tupi
TVT
UBES
UBS

Oil tanker transportation branch of Petrobrás

The New Steel Value Chain, HQ Lugano, Switzerland – steel trader
Based in Taubaté, SP, one of the largest transportation firms in Latin America, noted for transportation/delivery of new cars. Tribunal Regional Eleitoral (regional electoral courts in each state) Tribunal Regional Federal (Regional Federal Court) TradeRelated Aspects of Intellectural Property Rights (unit within the WTO)
Participates in the concession that operates the Campinas airport Tribunal Regional do Trabalho (Regional Labor Court) Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (Superior Election Court) Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (Superior Labor Court) the toucan bird, symbol of the PSDB large hydro electric installation on the Tocantins River in Pará large deepwater, “presalt” oil field southeast of São Paulo
TV dos Trabalhadores – TV operation organized by CUT (Workers’ TV station in Mogi das Cruzes, SP
União Brasileira de Estudantes Secudários (National highschool student assoc.) UBS AG, Union of Swiss Banks, after merger with Swiss Bank Corp. in 1998. 91 UDN
UDR
UE
UERJ

União Democrática Nacional
(National Democratic Union, political party, 19451965)
União Democrática Ruralista (Democratic Ruralist Union – land owners who combat MST) União Européia (European Union)
Universidade Estadual de Rio de Janeiro (state university of RJ) UFABC

Federal University of ABC (region), HQ in Santo André, SP UFAC
Federal University of Acre UFAL
Federal University of Alagoas UFAM Federal University of Amazonas UFAP

Federal University of Amapá UFBA
Federal University of Bahia UFCE
Federal University of Ceará UFERSA

Federal Rural University of SemiÁrida (Mossoró, RN) UFGD
Federal University of Greater Dourados (MS) UFGO
Federal University of Alagoas UFERSA

Federal University of the SemiArid Region UFES
Federal University of Espírito Santo UFF
Federal University Fluminense (Niteroi) UFSS

Federal University of the Southern Frontier (HQ Chapecó, SC) UFGO

Federal University of Goiás UFJF
Federal University of Juiz de Fora( MG) UFLA
Federal University of Lavras (MG) UFMA Federal University of Maranhão UFMG
Federal University of Minas Gerais UFMS
Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul UFMT
Federal University of Mato Grosso UFOP

Federal University of Ouro Preto (MG) UFOPA

Federal University of Western Pará (HQ in Santarém) UFPA
Federal University of Pará UFPB
Federal University of Paraiba UFPE
Federal University of Pernambuco UFPel
Federal University of Pelotas (RS) UFPI
Federal University of Piauí UFPR
Federal University of Paraná UFRB
Federal University of the Recôncavo da Bahia (Feira de Santana, BA) UFRGS
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul 92 UFRJ
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRRJ

Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro UFRN
Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte UFRO
Federal University of Rondônia UFRPE
Federal Rural University of Pernambuco UFRR
Federal University of Roraima UFSC

Federal University of Santa Catarina UFSCar

Federal University of São Carlos (SP) UFSCPA
Federal Univeristy of Health Sciences in Porto Alegre (RS) UFSE
Federal University of Sergipe UFSM
Federal University of Santa Maria (RS) UFTO
Federal University of Tocantins UFTM
Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (in Uberaba, MG) UFTPR

Federal Technological Unifersity of Paraná (in 12 cities) UFU
Federal University of Uberlândia (MG) UFV
Federal University of Viçosa (MG) UFVJM

Federal University Jequitinhonha & Mucuri Valleys (in 3 MG cities) UnB
University of Brasília UNEF

State University Northern Rio de Janeiro (Campos, RJ) UNESP
University of the State of São Paulo Unicamp
University of Campinas (SP) UNIFAL

Federal University of Alfenas (MG) UNIFAP Federal University of Amapá Unifesp

Federal University of São Paulo (former Escola Paulista de Medicina) Unila
Federal University of Latin American Integration (HQ Foz do Iguaçu, PR) UNILAB

Federal University of LusoAfricanBrazilian Integration (Redenção, Ceará) UNIPAMPA
Federal University of the Pampa (western Rio Grande do Sul, 5 cities) UNIR

University of Rondônia Unisinos

Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – São Leopoldo, RS (private univ.) Unifasf
Federal

University of the São Francisco Vally USP
University of São Paulo UTFPR
Federal Technical University of Pará UIA

Unión Industrial Argentina (Federation of Argentine Industrialists) UJS

União da Juventude Socialista – linked to PDT (Union of Socialist Youth) Ultra Group an industrial group founded in SP by Ernesto Igel with participation of the Monteiro Aranha Group. Includes
Ultragaz
&
Brazilgás
, plus
Ultracargo
&
Oxiteno
. In 2007. acquired
Petróleo Ipiranga
with Petrobrás and Braskem. In 2008, the Grupo Ultra acquired Texaco do Brasil. 93 UNASUL
UNCTAD
UNDP
UNE
UNEP
UNESCO
UNESP
Unica
Unicef
UNRISD
UNSC
UPI
UPS
URV
USAID

União das Nações SulAmericanas (Union of South American Nations)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Comércio e Desenvolvimento) United Nations Development Programme
➔ PNUD
– Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento
União Nacional dos Estudantes, repressed by military in 1964 (National Student União, repressed by military in 1964, resuscitated in 1979)
United Nations Environment Programme ➔
PNUMA –
Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (multicampus SP state university system) ➔ USP and Unicamp are separate units União das Indústrias de Cana de Açucar (Union of Sugar Cane Industries) United Nations Children’s Fund
(Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância)
UN Research Inst. for Social Development
United Nations Security Council
União Parlamentar Interestadual (União of State Legislatures)
United Parcel Service – active in Brazil
Unidade Real de Valor (daily currency index rate for prices and salaries used during st
the preReal period, Feb.➔ 1
July/94)
US Agency for International Development 94 USI
USIMAR

União Socialista Internacional (International Socialist Union)
Usina Siderúrgica de Marabá (Marabá Steel Mill). USIMINAS
Usinas Siderúgicas de Minas Gerais S.A. (steel mill complex in Ipatinga, MG) USTR
US Trade Representative UTC

Engineering firm, joint venture investments in the industrial center in Bahia Together with OAS, Odebrecht and Ask Capital Was leader of “cartel” of construction firms in Petrobras corruption scheme UTE

Unidade termoelétrica (Thermal electric generating unit – combustion engine or via steam turbine) UTI

Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo (ICUIntensive Care Unit) VASP

Viação Aérea de São Paulo (major Brazilian airline, founded 1933, bankrupt in 2005 VARIG

Viação Aérea RioGrandense S.A. (Brazil’s former “flagship” airline, purchased by GOL in 2007) VAT
Value Added Tax (IVA Imposto de Valor Agregado) Vavá
Genival Ignácio da Silva (Pres. Lula’s oldest brother) VBI

Real estate private equity fund and management firm – HQ in São Paulo VCP

Votorantim Celulose e Papel (Votorantim’s Cellulose & Paper subsidiary) Veja
weekly news magazine published by the Abril Group Vereadores city council members Verticalização Verticalization – a concept imposed by the TSE in 2002 & 2006 elections. presidential coalitions must be replicated (same parties) in state elections 95 Via Campesina
– militant group of landless rural workers in Latin America Via Varejo
A new retail slaes group formed by the Grupo Pão de Açúcar, Ponto Frio and Casas Bahia in November 2013 VimpelCom
Netherlandsbased holding telecommunications services in 14 nations. Viracopos
airport located in Campinas, SP Vivo

Brazilian cell phone operator, jointly owned by Portugal Telecom and the Spanish Telefónica VGBL

Vida Gerador de Benefício Livre Private retirement fund in Brazil VLS

Veículo Lançador de Satélites Satellite Launching Vehicle (launch site in Alcântara, MA) Vox Populi survey research firm in Belo Horizonte VS
Vertente Socialista, 19451950 (Socialist Vertent, merged with ED to form PSB in 1950) VSP Global
Net work of optical services companies VTT

Technical Research Centre of Finland founded in 1942 ➔
V
altion
T
eknillinen
T
utkimuskeeskus WCY

World Competitiveness Yearbook (published by IMD) WFDSA

World Federation of Direct Selling Associations WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization – HQ in Geneva WHINSEC Western Hemisphere Inst. for Security Cooperation – Ft. Benning, GA formerly the School of the Americas (SOA) located in the Panama Canal Zone Wincor
Wincor Nixdorf, a German firm makes retail and retail banking hardware, software & service systems (ATMs). Founded in 1952, acquired by Siemens in 1990. WPP World leader in marketing communications (UK) CEO of São Paulo office, Francisco Carvalho 96 WSJ
WTC
WTI
WTO
Wuhan
WWF
Xinhua
XP
Xstrata
YPFB
YoY
ZAP
Zeca do PT
Zogby
Zumbi

Wall Street Journal
– recently acquired by Rupert Murdoch
World Trade Center in New York (destroyed by terrorist attack on 9/11 2001)
World Trade Indicators – published by the World Bank annually www.worldbank.org/wti2008
World Trade Organization ➔ OMC Wuhan Iron & Steel Group [Chinese] ➔ joint venture with Eike Batista (perhaps?) World Wildlife Fund (Fundo Mundial para a Natureza)
Chinese news agency
Brazilian investment, brokerage, money changing firm founded in Porto Alegre (2001) by Guilherme Benchimol & Marcelo Maisonnave. AngloSwiss mining firm
Yancimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos (Bolivian State Petroleum Enterprise) Year on Year Largest online real estate broker in Brazil – rentals & sales. José Orcírio Miranda dos Santos elected PT governor of Mato Grosso do Sul in 1998, 2002 and 2010 US polling firm leader of escaped slave community in Palmares, AL, killed by Portuguese th
th
slave owners on 20
November 1695 ➔ 20
November became the Day of AfroBrazilian Consciousness