UNIT 19

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UNIT 19

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19 STORY | HAVING FUN
19 REGULAR VERBS
19 PAST TENSE - regular verbs
19 IRREGULAR VERBS
19 Vocabulary and Verbs
19 PAST TENSE - Irregular verbs
19 HOMEWORK - 01
19 CONDITIONAL
19 CONDITIONAL - IF clause
19 HOMEWORK - 02
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20 STORY | IN THE MOUNTAINS
20 SOME - ANY - NO
20 SOMETHING - ANYTHING - NOTHING
20 SOMEBODY - ANYBODY - NOBODY -SOMEONE - ANYONE - NO ONE
20 SOMEWHERE - ANYWHERE - NOWHERE
20 SOMEWHERE - ANYWHERE - NOWHERE
20 ANY IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
20 Expressions and Vocabulary
20 HOMEWORK - 01
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21 STORY | JILLIAN AND MARTIN IN THE SUPERMARKET
21 HOW MANY …? = QUANTOS (as)
21 HOW MUCH …? = QUANTO (a)
21 CAN
21 COULD
21 WILL BE ABLE TO
21 SHOULD
21 MUST
21 MUST NOT - MUSTN’T
21 Verbs and Vocabulary
21 Setting a table
21 HOMEWORK - 01
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22 STORY | MARTIN AND THE LOST DOGS
22 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
22 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
22 VOCABULARY
22 HOMEWORK - 01
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23 STORY | HOW MARTIN MET JILLIAN
23 ( HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE)
23 Verbs and Vocabulary
23 HOMEWORK - 01
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24 STORY | THE ENGAGEMENT RING
24 WHO - WHICH - THAT = Pronome relativo QUE.
24 WHOSE - Cujo (s) / Cuja (s)
24 HOMEWORK - 01
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UNIT 19
STORY | HAVING FUN
Liz and Peter were very tired last weekend and they needed a short vacation. So, last
Wednesday they went to London and stayed
with Jillian and Martin.
They arrived at Victoria Station at 8:00
in the evening and went to their house.
Martin - Would you like to watch a football
game on T.V, Peter?
Peter - Thanks, Martin but I watched one last
night. I’d like to go to bed early
tonight because I’m very tired.
Martin - And you, Liz. What would you like to
do?
Jillian - Liz’s going to help me in the kitchen and after that she’s going to sleep.
Right, Liz?
Martin - OK. Then I’m going home and I’ll be back tomorrow morning.
Liz - I remember last time I was here and bought nice clothes. I’d like to go
shopping tomorrow if you had time to go with me.
Jillian - Of course, it’ll be a pleasure.
On Thursday morning they had breakfast. Liz ate only some fruit. Peter drank coffee and milk
and ate what Jill offered to him. The door bell rang. It was Martin.
Martin - Hi, are you ready to have fun
today?
Peter - Sure. The girls want to do some
Martin - If they went shopping I’d like to
What do you think?
shopping. How about us?
take you to a Pub that serves
nice beer.
Peter - It’s a great idea!
Jillian - OK, Martin. You go by car and Liz and I will take the subway. See you
later. Bye.
http://allcebel.com.br/
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At night when the girls arrived home
carrying a lot of shopping bags, they found
the boys at home and they didn’t look happy.
Jillian - What’s up? Wasn’t the Pub very nice?
Peter - Which Pub? We didn’t leave home.
Liz - Why not?
Martin - Why not? I didn’t find my car key and
my wallet was empty.
Jillian - Sorry Martin, I took the key because I
didn’t want you to drink and drive.
And I forgot to go to the bank to get some
money. So, I took all your
money. You love me, don’t you?
Martin - Jill….
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UNIT 19
REGULAR VERBS
VERB
PAST
To Answer
To Arrive
To Ask
To Bother
To Brush
To Call
To Carry
To Change
To Clean
To Climb
To Close
To Cook
To Cry
To Dance
To Die
To Drop
To End
To Enjoy
To Enter
To Expect
To Fill
To Finish
To Fish
To Follow
To Happen
To Hate
To Help
To Invite
To Kiss
To Knock
To Laugh
To Learn
To Lie
To Like
To Listen to
To Live
To Look
Answered
Arrived
Asked
Bothered
Brushed
Called
Carried
Changed
Cleaned
Climbed
Closed
Cooked
Cried
Danced
Died
Dropped
Ended
Enjoyed
Entered
Expectded
Filled
Finished
Fished
Followed
Happened
Hated
Helped
Invited
Kissed
Knocked
Laughed
Learned
Lied
Liked
Listened
Lived
Looked
PAST PARTICIPLE
Answered
Arrived
Asked
Bothered
Brushed
Called
Carried
Changed
Cleaned
Climbed
Closed
Cooked
Cried
Danced
Died
Dropped
Ended
Enjoyed
Entered
Expected
Filled
Finished
Fished
Followed
Happened
Hated
Helped
Invited
Kissed
Knocked
Laughed
Learned
Lied
Liked
Listened
Lived
Looked
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To Look for
To Look at
To Miss
To Mix
To Need
To Notice
To Offer
To Open
To Order
To Pack
To Park
To Permit
To Phone
To Play
To Practice
To Prefer
To Prepare
To Pull
To Push
To Rain
To Receive
To Remember
To Smile
To Smell
To Spell
To Start
To Stay
To Stop
To Study
To Talk
To Thank
To Travel
To Touch
To Try
To Use
To Wait
To Walk
To Want
To Wash
To Watch
To Work
Lookedfor
Lookedat
Missed
Mixed
Needed
Noticed
Offered
Opened
Ordered
Packed
Parked
Permitted
Phoned
Played
Practiced
Preferred
Prepared
Pulled
Pushed
Rained
Received
Remembered
Smelled
Smiled
Spelled
Started
Stayed
Stopped
Studied
Talked
Thanked
Touched
Traveled
Tried
Used
Waited
Walked
Wanted
Washed
Watched
Worked
Looked for
Looked at
Missed
Mixed
Needed
Noticed
Offered
Opened
Ordered
Packed
Parked
Permitted
Phoned
Played
Practiced
Preferred
Prepared
Pulled
Pushed
Rained
Received
Remembered
Smelled
Smiled
Spelled
Started
Stayed
Stopped
Studied
Talked
Thanked
Touched
Traveled
Tried
Used
Waited
Walked
Wanted
Washed
Watched
Worked
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UNIT 19
PAST TENSE - regular verbs
AFFIRMATIVE
I
You
He
She
It
We They
studIED
walkED
helpED
listenED
workED
arrivED
cleanED
English
on the street
the teacher
to music
very well
here
the house
yesterday.
last week.
last class.
two hours ago.
yesterday morning.
at 8:00.
last Friday.
NEGATIVE
I
You
He
She
It
We They
DID NOT
DIDN’T
play tennis
study the lesson
travel to New York
miss the class
sleep well
watch the news
push the car last weekend.
last night.
last year.
last week.
yesterday.
last Monday.
this morning.
INTERROGATIVE
I
You
He
She
It
We They
DID
What
Where
When
What time
Why
How many classes
How often
DIDN’T
DID
English
on the street
the teacher
to music
very well
here
the house
yesterday.
last week.
last class.
two hours ago.
yesterday morning.
at 8:00.
last Friday.
I
You
He
She
It
We They
study?
watch T.V?
travel?
arrive?
work?
miss?
stop?
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UNIT 19
IRREGULAR VERBS
VERB
PAST
To Be ( Am/Is/Are)
To Begin
To Bet
To Break
To Bring
To Buy
To Come
To Cost
To Cut
To Do
To Dream
To Dream
To Drink
To Drive
To Eat
To Fall
To Feed
To Feel
To Find
To Fly
To Forget
To Get
To Get up
To Give
To Go
To Have
To Hit
To Hold
To Hurt
To Know
To Leave
To Lend
To Lose
To Make
To Meet
To Pay
To Put
Was / Were
Began
Bet
Broke
Brought
Bought
Came
Cost
Cut
Did
Dreamt
Dreamed
Drank
Drove
Ate
Fell
Fed
Felt
Found
Flew
Forgot
Got
Got up
Gave
Went
Had
Hit
Held
Hurt
Knew
Left
Lent
Lost
Made
Met
Paid
Put
PAST PARTICIPLE
Been
Begun
Bet
Broken
Brought
Bought
Come
Cost
Cut
Done
Dreamt
Dreamed
Drunk
Driven
Eaten
Fallen
Fed
Felt
Found
Flown
Forgotten
Got
Got up
Given
Gone
Had
Hit
Held
Hurt
Known
Left
Lent
Lost
Made
Met
Paid
Put
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To Read
To Ride
To Ring
To Run
To Say
To See
To Sell
To Send
To Show
To Shut
To Sing
To Sit
To Sleep
To Speak
To Spend
To Stand
To Swim
To Take
To Teach
To Tell
To Think
To Understand
To Wake up
To Wear
To Win
To Write
Read
Rode
Rang
Ran
Said
Saw
Sold
Sent
Showed
Shut
Sang
Sat
Slept
Spoke
Spent
Stood
Swam
Took
Taught
Told
Thought
Understood
Woke up
Wore
Won
Wrote
Read
Ridden
Rung
Run
Said
Seen
Sold
Sent
Shown
Shut
Sung
Sat
Slept
Spoken
Spent
Stood
Swum
Taken
Taught
Told
Thought
Understood
Woken up
Worn
Won
Written
UNIT 19
Vocabulary and Verbs
VOCABULARY
Pub Subway Wallet What’s up?
= Bar
= Metrô
= Carteira ( de dinheiro)
= O que aconteceu?
VERBS
To Have fun = Divertir-se
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UNIT 19
PAST TENSE - Irregular verbs
AFFIRMATIVE
I
You
He
She
It
We They
bought read
spent
sold
drank
brought
lost
some books
that notice
all his money
her house
all the milk.
some cakes
the keys
two days ago.
yesterday.
last week.
last year.
last party.
in the car.
NEGATIVE
I
You
He
She
It
We They
DIDN’T
feed the cat
make a pizza
find the keys.
forget my birthday
break.
win
understand the question.
yesterday.
last night.
sing in the bathroom
sleep well
ride a horse
teach all the verbs
shut the window?
say good bye
write an e-mail to you?
yesterday?
last night?
last vacation?
last class?
this year.
last game.
INTERROGATIVE
I
You
He
She
It
We They
DID
DIDN’T
What
Where
When
What time
Why
How many classes
How often
DID
DIDN’T
I
You
He
She
It
We They
last time?
do?
go?
have lunch?
leave?
eat?
bring?
swim?
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UNIT 19
HOMEWORK - 01
Exercise 1- Put the sentences into PAST.
Ex: Mary washes her car every Friday.
Mary washed her car last Friday.
1- Peter goes to school every morning.
2- My mother makes delicious cakes every week.
3- My class begins at 7:00 every night.
4- I eat salad at lunch every day.
5- My father gives a present to my mother every mother’s day.
6- Some people pay the bills every end of the month.
7- I speak English every Monday and Wednesday.
8- My friend wakes up late every Sunday.
9- She bothers me every time she comes here.
10- They climb the mountains every summer.
Exercise 2- Change the sentences into negative and interrogative.
1- That boy broke the window playing soccer.
2- She held these bags for one hour.
3- My mother woke up late this morning.
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4- He gave beautiful flowers to his girl friend.
5- The girl rode a very fast horse.
6- Mary wore nice clothes last night.
7- My team won the championship.
8- John left his work earlier today.
9- She waited for the bus in front of the supermarket.
10- Her English class began at 8:00.
Exercise 3- Make questions for these answers.
Ex: I arrived here at 2:00.
What time did you arrive here?
1- Jane missed three classes last week.
2- He gave me flowers on my birthday.
3- I cried because I wasn’t feeling well.
4- My friends went to the beach last vacation.
5- No, she woke up early yesterday.
6- Brazil won two games last weekend.
7- Brazil won two games last weekend.
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8- My mother bought all these things in that famous store.
9- The CD player didn’t work because my brother broke the button.
10- No, I never missed any class.
Exercise 4- Answer the questions with complete answers.
1- Where did you go last weekend?
2- What did your mother buy at the supermarket last time she was there?
3- What did you do last night?
4- What grade did you get last test?
5- Where were you yesterday afternoon? What were you doing?
6- What time did you wake up this morning?
7- Who was the last person that bothered you? Why did he/she bother you?
8- What would you like to do tonight?
9- Who would you like to meet today?
10- Where would you like to be right now?
Exercise 5- Put the verbs in the correct tense: Simple Present or Simple Past.
Last week ( to be) ___________ a bad week for Ms. Payne. She ( to go ) _______________ to her sister’s house Sunday night and ( to sleep) ______________ there. Her sister ( to be) _____________
sick and ( to need) ______________ some help. She ( to have) ___________ two boys and a girl.
The children ( to be) ________ usually very quiet, but Sunday they ( to be) _____________terrible.
They ( - to want) ________________to eat, they ( - to want)_____________________ to watch T.V.
and they ( to argue)__________________ about everything. Monday morning Ms. Payne ( to leave)
_______________ the house early and ( to drive) ________________ to work.
Her sister’s car ( to be)__________ old and she ( to have) __________ some problems with it. She
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( to sit) ___________ in the car for about an hour, then the mechanic ( to come) _____________.
He ( to see) ___________what ( to be) ___________ the problem and ( to take) _______________
the car to the garage. Ms. Payne ( to arrive) __________________ at work two hours late. Tuesday
she ( to be) ________________ late too, because the taxi-driver ( to be) ____________ new and
he ( to think) ________________ her office ( to be) _____________ near the train station. Wednesday she ( to be) _______________ late because she ( to go)______ to the dentist, and Thursday
there (- to be)_______________ any buses. Every morning Mr. Sharp, Ms. Payne’s boss, ( to be)
_________________ angry. Now he (to be) ____very angry.
Now answer the questions about the text.
1- Was last week a good week for Ms. Payne?
2- Where did Ms. Payne sleep on Sunday night? Why?
3- How many children does her sister have?
4- Did the children want to watch T.V.?
5- What time did Ms. Payne leave her sister’s house?
6- Did Ms. Payne have problems with the car? Why?
7- Where did the mechanic take the car?
8- Why was she late on Tuesday?
9- Where did she go on Wednesday?
10- What happened on Thursday?
11- Why do you think her boss was angry with her?
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UNIT 19
CONDITIONAL
AFFIRMATIVE
I
You
Peter
She
We The children
WOULD
like some fish.
like a cup of coffee.
travel around the world.
buy a new pair of shoes.
eat now.
play outside.
NEGATIVE
Peter
My parents
I
We
The secretary
WOULDN’T
go to the moon.
buy that car.
finish the work on time.
go to the movies now.
type all these e-mails.
INTERROGATIVE
You
Mary
He
Your mother
They
WOULD
What
Where
When
What time How many clothes
Why
How http://allcebel.com.br/
WOULD
like lemons with sugar?
walk 50 kilometers?
visit Japan?
listen to you?
work all the weekend?
you do?
she go?
the girl go to bed?
they like to come?
Mary buy?
Peter buy that car?
the children like the chicken?
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UNIT 19
CONDITIONAL - IF clause
One of the most common conditionals is the unreal and it is sometimes called IF CLAUSE.
The unreal conditional describes unreal or imaginary situations.
FORMATION
IF CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE IF I WON THE LOTTERY
I WOULD BUY A NEW HOUSE.
MAIN CLAUSE IF CLAUSE I WOULD BUY A NEW HOUSE.
IF I WON THE LOTTERY
In this conditional we speculate about situations that will probably never happen at present or in
future.
Ex.: If I had more time, I would help you. ( But I’m not free at the moment. I can’t help you).
If I won a million dollars, I would start my own company. ( But I know that it is not realistic.
We make IF clauses with
If + Past Tense and Main Clauses with WOULD + Infinitive ( without TO).
Note: The verb TO BE can be specific in the IF clause.
Ex.: If I were you, I wouldn’t do it.
If he were rich, he’d buy a house at the beach.
Note: Sometimes Would can be substituted by Could/ Should/ Might.
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UNIT 19
HOMEWORK - 02
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the verbs in parentheses.
1. If I __________________ ( to go) to the movies, I __________________________( to watch) a good
film.
2. If I ___________________( to come) home early, I _____________________________( to prepare)
a delicious dinner for us.
3. If we _____________ ( to live) in Rio, Peter _________________________________( to visit) us.
4. If Tom ___________( to be) 17 years old, he ___________________________________( to play)
in our team.
5. If Susan______________________ ( to study) hard, she _________________________ ( to be) the
first in class.
6. If they _____________ ( to have) a lot of money, they ____________________________ ( to buy)
a new house.
7. If it _______________ ( to rain), Nina ________________________________________ ( to take) an
umbrella.
8-.If George _____________ ( to be) rich, he _____________________________ ( to take) Mary to an
expensive restaurant.
9. If I _________________ ( to know) his address, I _________________________________ ( to give)
it to you.
10. If he ___________( to do) more exercises, he____________________________________( not be)
so fat.
Exercise 2- Rewrite the sentences, using IF - constructions.
Ex.: She is very busy, that’s why she doesn’t go out very often
If she weren’t so busy she would go out more often.
1- He doesn’t take any exercise, that’s why he is so fat.
2- She is very ugly, so she doesn’t go to parties.
3- My phone number isn’t on the phone book, so people don’t call me up.
4- I don’t have a dog so I’m always alone at night.
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5. I don’t know his address so I don’t write to him.
6. I don’t have much free time so I read very little.
7. They don’t clean the windows so the room looks very gloomy.
8. People drive very fast so there are many road accidents.
9. Ron isn’t tall enough so he doesn’t play basketball with us.
10. You are so stupid. You don’t know how to follow directions.
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences.
1. Peter would spend his vacation here if
2. I wouldn’t give her a present if
3. If she didn’t talk to me,
4. If Tom were lost,
5. If I were my fatter,
6. I’d be very happy if
7. If you stayed home today,
8. Mary wouldn’t be so fat if
9. If they wanted to know the end of the story,
10.I would come with you if
Exercise 4:
Answer these questions in complete sentences.
1. If you were invited to meet the president of the United States, what would you do?
2. What would you say if you were asked to say something to your friends?
3. If you met a “genius” what would you ask him for?
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3. If you met a “genius” what would you ask him for?
4. If you were your father, what would you do
5. Who would you like to be if you weren’t who you are?
6. If you had 10 million dollars, what would you do with this money?
7. Where would you go if you received a free airplane ticket?
8. If animals talked to us, what would they say?
9. If you had a time machine, where would you go? To the past or to the future? Why?
10. What car would you buy if you had the money to buy it?
Exercise 5: Match the sentences.
1- If I knew his number,
2- She would do it.
3- I wouldn’t do that
4- If we lived in the center of the city,
5- If she were selling her house,
6- If I had more free time, 7- If I and my friends had money, 8- If I asked her to do me a favor,
9- I would help you with that,
10- You would meet more people,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
) if she knew how to do it.
) if you went out on weekends.
) we would travel to the beach.
) we wouldn’t need a second car.
) if I were you.
) I’d practice some sports.
) if you asked me to.
) I would call him.
) I would buy it.
) she would do it for me.
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UNIT 20
STORY | IN THE MOUNTAINS
Jillian and Martin are in the mountains.
It’s two thirty on Saturday afternoon and Martin is looking for Jillian.
Manager - Is there anything you want, Mr.Fry?
Or, are you looking for anybody?
Martin - Well, yes. I’m looking for my friend,
Jillian rey. She’s nowhere in the hotel.
Manager - Listen, you look again in the TV
room and the restaurant. I’m going to look in
the garden.
There is somebody in the restaurant, but it isn’t Jillian and there is nobody
in the TV room. She’s nowhere in the hotel.
There are some people playing tennis on the
tennis court but Jillian isn’t there and there is
nobody in the garden. She’s nowhere outside.
Now the telephone bell rings.
Manager - Hello. Oh, yes, wait a minute, please. It’s somebody for you, Mr. Fry. It’s Jillian. She’s on
a mountain near the hotel. The hotel has a little climbing hut with an old telephone near the top of
the mountain. Jillian is there now. She’s speaking to the hotel. But the telephone line is bad and it’s
difficult to understand anybody from the hut.
Martin - It’s Jillian. She’s at the climbing hut.She says something about her boot. I think her leg is
broken.
Manager - Listen, tell her to stay there. Is anybody with her? No? Tell her to do nothing. Tell her to
stay there safe. We’re going to send somebody to her. Tell her that and then give me the
telephone.
Martin - Listen, Jill. Don’t do anything, don’t
go anywhere. Stay there. Somebody is coming. Good-bye.
But Jillian says nothing to Martin. The old
telephone line to the hut is broken.
Near the hotel there is a helicopter station. The helicopter pilots sometimes come to
the
hotel and have a drink with the manager.
They are his friends. They often help when
a climber is in trouble somewhere on the
mountains.
Now the time is ten to three and the hotel
manager is talking to a helicopter pilot.
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Manager - Miss Grey is in the climbing hut. Nobody is with her and she has a broken leg.
Pilot - Very well. It’s easy to fly to the hut. We’re doing everything.
We’re going to bring her down in the helicopter. Tell everybody in the hotel to go away from
your tennis court.
Now it’s three o’clock. Martin and the hotel manager are in the hotel garden.
Martin is looking for a helicopter in the sky and the manager is watching the climbing hut
through a pair of binoculars.
Martin - There’s the helicopter. It’s flying to the hut.
Manager - Yes, and there’s somebody at the hut window. It’s your friend. Now the pilot is going to
come down somewhere near the hut.
Martin - The helicopter is coming down now and somebody is getting out. But what’s happening
now?
Manager - I’m not sure because the hut door is behind the helicopter. Oh, yes. Now three people
are getting into the machine. Everybody is in it now and there isn’t anybody in the hut.
Martin - And now the helicopter is flying again.
The time is three fifteen. Everybody in the hotel is looking at the tennis court.
The helicopter is standing there and Jillian is getting out with two men. They are laughing.
Martin - But she’s walking. Jill, your leg isn’t broken.
Jillian - No. It isn’t my leg. It’s my lace, my bootlace. Look, my bootlace is broken.
Martin- Oh. Why does everything happen to you Jill? And who’s going to pay for a new telephone?
Pilot - And who is going to pay for my gas?
Manager - Oh, don’t look for trouble. Does anybody want a drink? I’m sure everybody is thirsty.
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UNIT 20
SOME - ANY - NO
O uso de Some e Any já conhecemos da Unit 8. Some ( algum (a), alguns (as)) em construções afirmativas. Any, com o mesmo sentido, em frases interrogativas e Not Any
( nenhum ou nenhuma) em frases negativas.
Revise estes exemplos:
Are there any people under the tree on the left?
Yes, there are some people under it.
Are there any cars in the car park?
No, there aren’t any.
A novidade nesta unidade é o uso de NO no mesmo sentido de NOT ANY.
NO
NOT ANY
There is
= nenhum, nenhuma.
NO
NOT ANY
coffee in this cup.
Não há nenhum café nesta xícara.
I do NOT see ANY boxes here.
I see NO boxes here.
Não vejo nenhuma caixa aqui.
Assim, há duas maneiras de dizer nenhum em inglês:
NOT...ANY ou NO, sendo que ANY exige o uso do verbo na negativa, ao passo que NO já representa a negativa completa,utilizando o verbo na afirmativa.
SOME
=
Affirmative
ANY
=
Interrogative
NOT ...ANY
=
Negative
NO
=
Negative
22
UNIT 20
SOMETHING - ANYTHING - NOTHING
Com o uso de SOME, ANY e NO, aprenderemos, nesta unidade, também o de seus compostos
Something, somebody, someone, somewhere, etc, que, basicamente seguem as mesmas regras
em sua utilização. Assim:
SOMETHING
= Alguma coisa, algo, usa-se em frases afirmativas.
ANYTHING
= Alguma coisa, algo, usa-se em frases interrogativas.
NOT ...ANYTHING = Nada, coisa nenhuma, em frases negativas (verbo na afirmativa)
NOTHING
= Nada, coisa nenhuma, usa-se em frases negativas.
Ex.: Is there anything in your hand?
Yes, there is something here.
There is
NOT ANYTHING
NOTHING
there.
Ex.: He does not understand anything about cars.
He understands nothing about cars.
UNIT 20
SOMEBODY - ANYBODY - NOBODY
SOMEONE - ANYONE - NO ONE
Veremos agora as combinações de SOME, ANY e NO com -BODY ou - ONE, no sentido de alguém
ou ninguém, utilizadas de acordo com as mesmas regras já conhecidas, como ilustram os exemplos:
Is there
ANYBODY
ANYONE
SOMEBODY
SOMEONE
Do not talk to
in room 3?
is looking for you.
ANYBODY
ANYONE
about that.
NOBODY
NO ONE
is studying now.
23
UNIT 20
SOMEWHERE - ANYWHERE - NOWHERE
Também com WHERE as palavras SOME, ANY e NO combinam, formando o sentido de
Em algum ( nenhum) lugar, em parte alguma. As regras para sua utilização permanecem as mesmas, como demonstrado nos exemplos a seguir:
Where are the binoculars?
They’re somewhere in my bedroom.
Where is the dog?
It’s somewhere in the garden.
Are you going anywhere?
Is she going anywhere at 2:00 in the morning?
They are not anywhere
They are nowhere
The cat is not anywhere
It is nowhere
in the house.
near here.
UNIT 20
SOMEWHERE - ANYWHERE - NOWHERE
EVERY = Todo/ Toda, Cada.
Every day = todo dia.
Every girl = toda menina/ cada menina.
Every book = cada livro.
EVERYTHING = Tudo
Everything is very expensive today.
Did she buy everything you told her to?
She didn’t buy everything that I wrote on her list.
EVERYBODY = Todos, Todo mundo
Is she going to write to everybody?
Everybody is happy today.
EVERYONE = Todos, Todo mundo
Do you know everyone here?
I never talk to anyone I meet on the street.
EVERYWHERE = Em toda parte, Em todo lugar
He doesn’t go everywhere with us.
Everywhere I go, I meet my friends.
Everything, Everybody, Everyone, Everywhere são usados indiferentemente nas frases afirmativas, interrogativas e negativas.
24
UNIT 20
ANY IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Quando ANY ou as suas combinações ANYBODY, ANYONE, ANYTHING e ANYWHERE são
empregadas em frases afirmativas, tem sentido de QUALQUER.
Any help is too late now.
Anything she says is silly.
Anybody here knows her name.
Anyone here speaks Portuguese.
I can travel anywhere in the world because I have a lot of money.
IT IS + QUALIFIER + VERB
=
VERB + ING + IS + QUALIFIER
Há duas maneiras de expressar a mesma idéia, tanto em português como em inglês.
O importante é lembrar que em inglês, não devemos iniciar uma frase com a forma simples do
verbo ( study, write, learn, etc.). Ou iniciamos com IT IS.......... ou com o verbo na forma
- ING ( chamada de gerúndio): STUDYING , WRITING, LEARNING, etc.
It’s easy to learn English.
It’s very important to study.
It’s good to have a lot of friends.
Learning English is easy.
Studying is very important.
Having a lot of friends is good.
UNIT 20
Expressions and Vocabulary
EXPRESSIONS
What’s the trouble?
What’s the problem?
What’s the matter?
What’s going on?
Qual é o problema?
Qual é o problema?
Qual é o problema?
O que está acontecendo?
VOCABULARY
Bootlace Court Gas Helicopter Hut Lace Manager Pilot Shoelace Top Trouble -
Cordão das botas.
Quadra
Gasolina
Helicóptero
Cabana
Cordão
Gerente
Piloto
Cordão de sapato
Topo / Cume
Problema
25
UNIT 20
HOMEWORK - 01
Exercise 1- Answer using complete sentences.
Ex.: Are there any books on the shelf?
Yes, there are some books on the shelf.
No, there aren’t any books on the shelf
1- Are there any glass doors in your house?
2- Did you read any books this month?
3- Are there any cars in front of the school?
4- Did you eat any cookies today?
5- Do you have any money in your bag?
6- Did you send any e-mails last week?
7- Did you have any animals when you were a child?
8- Does your mother/ father have any brothers or sisters?
9- Did you see any dogs or cats on the street this morning?
10- Did you lose any money last year?
Exercise 2- Write the other possible negative sentence.
Ex.: There aren’t any cars on the street.
There are no cars on the street.
1- There isn’t any coffee in the cup.
26
2- I didn’t see any clothes on the bed.
3- We won’t have any homework tomorrow.
4- Peter wouldn’t like to meet any friend of us here.
5- I can’t see any car on the street.
6- Tom didn’t give us any help.
7- Mary didn’t bring any warm clothes.
8- They weren’t holding any paper
9- He didn’t sing any song last night.
10- I wouldn’t change any exercise in this homework.
Exercise 3- Change these sentences into negative.
1- Susan bought something expensive in that store.
2- They ate something good at that famous restaurant.
3- I saw something falling on the floor.
4- John was typing something on his twitter.
Exercise 4- Change these sentences into interrogative.
1- The boy dropped something on the ground.
2- Annie was showing something to her friends.
3- He needs to eat something sweet.
4- He’ll sell something expensive to have some money.
5- Mark read something interesting in the newspaper.
27
Exercise 5- Write the other possible negative sentence.
Ex.: I didn’t see anything interesting in this documentary.
I saw nothing interesting in this documentary.
1- There isn’t anything cheap in this store.
2- I can’t see anything white in that picture.
3- I wouldn’t eat anything sweet now.
4- You wouldn’t find anything cheap here.
5- I didn’t understand anything that you said
6- She didn’t tell anything about my secret.
7- They won’t do anything about this problem.
Exercise 6- Complete the sentences with Some, something, somewhere, somebody, or someone.
1- I saw _______________ ____________________________people talking on the street.
2- _____________________put _________________in my bag without asking permission.
3- My friend brought all my things and put them ____________________ in my bedroom.
4- I’d like to talk to _______________here about ______________ I bought and it’s broke.
5- __________________ took my book and put it ___________________ in the classroom.
6- There are ______________ girls talking to _____________________ that I don’t know.
7- If you bring __________________ to eat, please bring _____________________ sweet.
8- It’s raining and I need to find ____________________________ to stay and not get wet.
9- I need to tell to ____________ of my friends ________________ I forgot to say to them.
10- There is ________________________________________________ wrong with her
28
Exercise 7- Change the sentences into negative. Use the two possible ways.
Ex.: There is something I can do for you.
There isn’t anything I can do for you.
There is nothing I can do for you.
1- Mary read something interesting in the newspaper.
2- There was someone walking on the street wearing pajamas.
3- Susan has some money in her wallet.
4- . There is an airplane somewhere in the sky.
5- Peter saw somebody swimming in the swimming pool.
6- I can buy something for you in the supermarket.
Exercise 8- Make questions for these answers.
1- Yes, There’s somebody in my house now.
2- Yes, Mary broke something very expensive last Friday.
3- Yes, my father usually leaves his things somewhere in his office.
4- Yes, Annie ate some cookies and drank some soda at lunch.
5- Yes, I spoke to someone very nice in the bank.
6- Yes, there were some beautiful flowers in her garden.
7- Yes, my mother bought something for my birthday in that big department store.
29
8- Yes, I found my keys somewhere in my bag.
9- Yes, I’ll meet someone from England this afternoon.
Exercise 9- : Substitute the underlined words using SOMETHING, SOMEBODY/ SOMEONE, SOMEWHERE, ANYTHING, ANYBODY/ANYONE or ANYWHERE
Ex.: There are girls in the mountains.
There is someone/ somebody in the mountains.
1- Are there books on the floor?
2- I saw a car and a bus in the street.
3- Will you meet your friends tomorrow?
4- There are no women in the kitchen.
5- She always puts the socks in the drawer.
6- Do you have a story to tell me?
7- I need to wait for my girlfriend at the restaurant.
8- Did you leave my books on the table?
9- . I paid the bills with your money.
10- Did you see my keys on the table?
Exercise 10- : Answer using the two possible ways.
Ex.: Is it important to study?
It’s important to study.
Studying is important.
1- Is it difficult to speak English?
2- Is it good to study at Cebel?
30
3- Is it expensive to buy a BMW?
4- Is it comfortable to sit on a soft chair?
5- Is it easy to prepare spaghetti?
6- Is it nice to be on vacation?
7- Is it wonderful to go to parties?
8- Is it illegal to make money at home?
9- Is it horrible to drink cold coffee?
10 - Is it funny to dance rock n roll?
Exercise 11- Read the story and then answer the questions.
1- Where were Martin and Jillian on Saturday afternoon?
2- Who was Martin looking for?
3- Was Jillian anywhere in the hotel?
4- Who was on the telephone?
5- Where was Jillian?
6- Why was Jillian calling?
31
7- Where were Martin and Jillian on Saturday afternoon?
8- Who was Martin looking for?
9- Was Jillian anywhere in the hotel?
10- Who was on the telephone?
11- Where was Jillian?
12- Why was Jillian calling?
32
UNIT 21
STORY | JILLIAN AND MARTIN IN THE SUPERMARKET
A supermarket is a very big store. People usually buy food in supermarkets. There
are no shop assistants, so when you go into a
supermarket you get a shopping cart to hold
the things you want.
After putting your cans, boxes and
packages of food into the cart you should
take them to the cashier and pay them. Usually the food in a supermarket is cheaper than
in small shops, because the manager has no
assistants to pay.
Today Jillian and Martin are doing
Jillian’s shopping in a big supermarket. Jillian took a cart and Martin got one too. Jillian
wrote two shopping lists and gave one to
Martin.
Now she is looking for the food from her list
and Martin is looking for the things from his
list.
Jillian - Can you see the cans of fruit? I didn’t see any today?
Martin - Yes, I saw many cans of fruit behind the sugar. I was there. I bought a few cans
of fruit…well….I didn’t buy them because I didn’t pay for them but I put them
in my cart.
Jillian - Did I write fruit in two lists?
Then she checked her list again.
Jillian - Martin, I just needed to find the coffee. If I found it I’d finish my list and could pay my shopping. Is your cart full? No? So, could you go
there and buy some butter for me?
Martin walked away to find the butter
and Jillian walked to the cashier to pay for
her shopping.
When Martin arrived at the cashier with
his cart, Jillian had paid her things and was
going outside. Martin paid a little for his
things and when he was opening the door to
go out Jillian was coming back.
Martin - Where’s your shopping, Jillian?
Jillian - I took it to your car. I put it in the
trunk.
Martin looked at her and he was surprised.
33
Martin - Jillian… my car isn’t here, it’s at home. We didn’t come here by car today.
Couldn’t you remember that? You put our shopping into the wrong car.
They ran outside but there was no car in the car park. Jillian was crying.
Jillian - How could I do that? What should we do to find my shopping?
Martin - Stay here and hold these things.
Martin ran around the supermarket. Then, he saw a car like his car. It was parked
behind the supermarket. The driver got out of the car.
Martin - Excuse me. Did you come lfrom the front of the supermarket?
Driver - Yes, I did.
Then Martin told him about Jillian’s shopping.
Martin - I think she filled your trunk with our shopping. May I look inside it?
The man laughed. When they opened the trunk he laughed again. The food was here.
Driver - You bought a lot. I’m the supermarket manager. Don’t take your shopping out of the trunk.
It’s very heavy. I have a few minutes and after finding your girlfriend, Ican take you home in my car.
Martin - My girlfriend must be a little distracted but she helped us. We will be able to go home by
car. She’s very clever.
34
UNIT 21
HOW MANY …? = QUANTOS (as)
Como em português , How Many = Quantos ( as) é sempre usado no plural.
cameras
chairs
people
HOW MANY
are there here?
pictures
students
Possíveis respostas às perguntas acima seriam:
a lot of chairs
are
many people
too many students
There
aren’t
here
a few pictures
too few cameras
A lot ( of)
= Muitos ( as ) no sentido de bastante.
Many
= Muitos ( as ).
Too Many
= Muitos ( as ) = demais.
A Few
= Poucos ( as).
Too Few
= Muito poucos ( as ) = de menos.
UNIT 21
HOW MUCH …? = QUANTO (a)
How Much é a forma singular, também empregada da mesma forma como em português.
milk
water
HOW MUCH
wood
is there in the house?
food
money
35
Respostas típicas às perguntas acima seriam:
a lot of food
much wood
too much water
There is
in the house.
a little milk
too little money
A lot ( of)
= Muito ( a) no sentido de bastante.
Many
= Muito ( a ).
Too Many
= Muito ( a ) = Demais.
A Few
= Pouco ( a ).
Too Few
= Muito pouco ( a )= De Menos.
Confira mais uma vez o esquema a seguir, comparando-o com os exemplos da página anterior, o
emprego e sentido correto destas palavras que indicam quantidade:
SINGULAR
Muito ( a ) =Much ou A lot ( of).
Pouco ( a ) =Little.
Algum ( a)= pouco(a)
=A Little ou Some.
PLURAL
Muitos ( as)
= Many ou A lot ( of ).
Poucos ( as )
= Few.
Alguns (as)
= A Few ou Some.
Como podemos ver no esquema acima A Lot (of ) e Some são usados indiferentemente no
singular e no plural.
Por outro lado Much e Many, Little e Few são específicos para o singular ou plural.
Note também, a diferença entre Little = Pouco e A Little = Algum (a)/ Um Pouco e, no plural, entre
Few = Poucos (as) e A Few = Alguns (as)/ Poucos (as).
Ex.: Little Money = Pouco dinheiro.
A Little money = Algum dinheiro/ um pouco de dinheiro.
Few dollars = Poucos dólares.
A Few dollars = Alguns dólares.
36
UNIT 21
CAN
CAN significa poder ou poder fazer algo. É uma palavra invariável, isto é, não acrescenta -S
nas 3as pessoas do singular. Can é sempre seguido por um verbo em sua forma básica, sem usar to.
AFFIRMATIVE- NEGATIVE
David make a cake.
My friends
You
Mary
The students arrive early.
CAN
CANNOT
( CAN’T )
ride a motorcycle.
go there.
help them
Those people send e-mails.
I
see you.
A negativa de CAN é formada pelo simples acréscimo de NOT. Observe esta peculiaridade ortográfica: o NOT da negativa é ligado ao CAN formando uma só palavra CANNOT. A contração de CANNOT é CAN’T.
INTERROGATIVE
CAN
I
come with you?
the boys
play tennis very well?
John
see you now?
Yes,
you
they
No,
he
CAN.
CAN’T.
UNIT 21
COULD
COULD- é o passado do Can, que significa Podia e Poderia. Could é sempre seguido por
um verbo em sua forma básica sem usar to.
Robert
work more.
You
Mary The students We
COULD
COULD NOT
COULDN’T
show me your test.
ride a motorcycle.
go to the USA.
leave earlier.
37
INTERROGATIVE
COULD
I
learn English here?
Yes, you
you
drive it? I
the girls
be doctors?
they
Mary
make a cake?
No, she
could.
couldn’t.
UNIT 21
WILL BE ABLE TO
Will be able to é o future do can, mas ao contrário do can e could precisa do verbo na
forma original com to.
Annie You and I speak English in two years.
WILL BE ABLE TO
WON’T BE ABLE TO
They The dog
My father
to travel alone.
learn how to drive.
take care of the house.
cook dinner in 10 minutes.
INTERROGATIVE
WILL
she
teach better?
my parents
get more money?
Peter
BE ABLE TO
Yes, she Will.
they
finish the year?
you
cross the street?
No, I
he
swim better?
he
Won’t.
UNIT 21
SHOULD
Should significa Deve, Devia, Deveria, e é comumente usado para expressar uma opinião
pessoal, fazer uma recomendação ou dar um conselho.
Mary
Peter
study hard.
SHOULD
SHOULDN’T
I
They
take a shower.
eat less sugar.
brush the teeth 3 times a day.
The boy
play now.
We
lie to our parents.
38
INTERROGATIVE
SHOULD
she
answer the questions?
they
take an umbrella?
the doctor
talk with them?
we
help poor people?
I
answer the phone now?
UNIT 21
MUST
Must é usado para expressar obrigação e significa Ter que ( Dever) ou Precisar. Must pode também, ser substituído por have to.
Ex.: I must arrive at work at 9:00. My boss is very strict.
I have to arrive at work at 9:00. My boss is very strict.
AFFIRMATIVE
I
go to bed earlier.
Mary
pass the exams.
MUST
Peter
study or he won’t get good grades.
We
find a good English book.
They
watch that nice movie.
Must pode ser usado também quando se chega a alguma conclusão, baseado numa evidência ou
motivo.
Ex.: It must be nice to live in Florida. The weather is always warm there.
I can’t remember what I did with it. I must be getting old.
You must be tired after walking too fast.
She must be hungry, She didn’t eat anything today.
O negative de MUST é Don’t/ Doesn’t have to.
NEGATIVE
I
Children
Mary
Peter
DON’T HAVE TO
go to bed now.
DOESN’T HAVE TO
listen to you.
play here.
come now.
39
UNIT 21
MUST NOT - MUSTN’T
Mustn’t significa proibição, uma obrigação de não fazer alguma coisa ( Não deve).
AFFIRMATIVE
I
park the car on the yellow line.
You
disobey your teacher.
MUST NOT
MUSTN’T
She
He
talk about it. It’s confidential.
do that without permission.
They
eat chocolate. It’s bad for them.
People
litter.
NOTE: MUST não tem passado. Para isto usamos HAD e o negativo é DIDN’T HAVE.
Ex.: I Had to go to bed early last night..
I didn’t have to get up early this morning.
UNIT 21
Verbs and Vocabulary
VERB
To Check
To Get in To Get off
To Get on
To Get out of
=
=
=
=
=
Checar / Conferir
Entrar ( no carro/ casa)
Sair/ Descer do ( ônibus/ caminhão/ trem, etc)
Entrar ( no ônibus/ caminhão/ avião/ trem)
Sair ( do carro)
VOCABULARY
Around =
Butter=
Can=
Cashier
=
Distracted
=
Full
=
List=
Packages
=
Shopping Cart
=
Sugar=
Surprised
=
Trunk
=
Wrong
=
Ao redor
Manteiga
Lata
Caixa ( onde o pagamento é efetuado)
Distraído ( a)
Cheio (a)
Lista
Pacotes
Carrinho de supermercado
Açúcar
Surpreso (a)
Porta mala ( de veículo)
Errado (a)
40
UNIT 21
Bowl
Glass
Setting a table
41
UNIT 21
HOMEWORK - 01
Exercise 1- Make questions with HOW MANY or HOW MUCH using the given words and answer
them with A LOT, A FEW, A LITTLE, MANY or MUCH.
Ex.: COTTON
How much cotton would you like to buy for your blouse?
I’d like to buy a little cotton for my blouse.
1- MILK
2- BOOKS
3- MONEY
4- GIRLS
5- WATER
6- FRIENDS
7- SUGAR
8- SHOES
9- CARS
42
Exercise 2 - Use TOO in these sentences.
Ex.: There’s a little sugar in the coffee. I need more.
There’s too little sugar in the coffee.
1- I have few books about history. I need more.
2- Liz has a little money in her wallet. She wants more.
3- We saw a few girls at the party. We’d like more.
4- I have a few friends at work. I’d like to have more.
5- There is a little water in the glass. He’s thirsty and he wants more.
6- I’ll have many tests next week but little time to study. I’d like to have less tests and much time.
Exercise 3 - Complete with HOW MUCH or HOW MANY and a FEW or a LITTLE.
1- _____________________________________________________ people were there at the show?
2- _________________________________________________________ wine did he drink last night?
3- I read ____________________________________ books last year. I didn’t have much time for that.
4 - She always drinks _______________________________________ water. She’s not always thirsty.
5 - She had _________________________________money in her wallet and couldn’t buy that blouse.
6 - __________________________________________________ money did you spend last weekend?
7- She broke ___________________________________ glasses last night. She was careful with them.
8 - _______________________________________________________ houses did he sell last year?
9 - They played many games last month but they won only ____________________________ of them.
10 - He made a bird’s house. It was easy, so he had ____________________________ work to make it.
Exercise 4 - Fill in the blanks with CAN, COULD or BE ABLE TO.
1. ____________________________________________ he understand what you were talking about?
2. My sister ___________________________________________________________ play tennis now.
3. I __________________________________________________ walk when I was less than a year old
43
4 - ___________________________________________________ you tell me what time it is, please?
5 - My grandfather will ________________________________________ walk without any help soon.
6 - After studying all these years I’ll __________________________________play the piano very well.
7 - Peter _______________________________ help me but he doesn’t understand anything about it.
8 - I’ll __________________________________________________________ help you later, not now.
9 - Will man _______________________________________________________ live forever one day?
10 - I ____________________________________ give you the answer but the teacher won’t like that.
Exercise 5 - Complete the following sentences using the indicated verbs with the auxiliary COULD.
Ex.: If he wanted to, he __________________ how to drive a car. ( To Learn)
If he wanted to, he could learn how to drive a car.
1 - If we __________________________________________ anywhere, we would visit Paris. ( To Travel)
2 - If I ____________________________________________ you, I would be happy to do it. (To Help)
3 - If she played the piano, she _________________________________ your singing. (To Accompany)
4 - We ______________________________ earlier if we made all our preparations tonight. ( To Leave)
5 - He would be excited if he _______________________________________to ride a horse. (To Learn)
6 - If she came with us, we ____________________________________ her all the museums. (To Show)
7 - If they gave us their address, we ____________________________________ them a card. (To Send)
8 - He would move immediately if he _____________________________ a nice place to live. (To Find)
Exercise 6 - Complete the sentences with SHOULD or SHOULDN’T.
1 - I’m really tired. I ___________________________________________________ go to bed too late.
2 - I hate my work. I ____________________________________________ start looking for a new job.
3 - She never has any money left. She _______________________________________ spend so much.
4 - What are those children doing in the street? They ______________________________be at school.
5 - To have clear skin, you ________________________________ eat more fresh fruit and vegetables.
6 - Cycling in the city is dangerous. You ______________________________________ wear a helmet.
7 - I don’t see my grandparents very often. I ____________________________ go and see them soon.
44
8. If you’re feeling fat, you _____________________________________________ eat too much sugar.
9. We __________________________________________ drink too much coffee. It’s not good for us.
10. If you’re not feeling well, you _______________________________________________ go home.
Exercise 7 - Match
1- I don’t have any money.
2- Someone took my bag.
3- I need to lose some weight
4- I’m feeling sick.
5- I bought it but it’s broken.
6- My eyes hurt.
7- It’s a great film.
8- I don’t know what to do.
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
What do you think I should do?
You should go and watch it.
You should go to the police.
You shouldn’t spend so much on clothes.
You should eat less bread.
You should call the doctor.
You should take it back to the store.
You shouldn’t spend much time on computer.
Exercise 8 - Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.
1. I must _________________ more fruit and vegetables.
2. You must ______________ John. Let me introduce you.
3. You must _____________ a doctor if you’re not well.
To Go
To Clean
To Eat
4. I must _________________ you that book. You’ll enjoy it.
To Run
5. I must _____________ Sue a call. I didn’t see her at the party.
To Meet
6. I must _______________________ now. It’s getting late.
To Study
7. We must ________________ the bedroom. It’s very dirty.
To See
8. She must _________________ the class. It’s eight o’clock.
To Start
9. They must _________________ fast. The rain is coming.
To Give
10. I must ___________________. There is a test tomorrow.
To Lend
45
Exercise 9 - Match up the sentences.
1- We mustn’t be late.
2- You mustn’t wash it in hot water.
3- You mustn’t tell him.
4- You mustn’t eat before the blood test
5- I mustn’t forget his birthday.
6- I mustn’t spend any more time on this.
7- You mustn’t say things like that.
8- We mustn’t stay late.
9- We mustn’t make so much noise.
10- You mustn’t leave your car there.
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
Only cold water.
It’s confidential for the moment.
We will wake up the children.
It’s bad luck.
I have to buy him a present.
so you can’t have breakfast now.
I have a lot of other things to do.
It’s no parking.
He’ll be very angry if we are late.
I’d like to get up early.
Exercise 10 - Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1- How much coffee do you usually drink at breakfast?
2. How much money do you have with you?
3 - What time must you get up every weekday?
4 -What should you do to make your mother happier?
5 - Where could you be if you weren’t here?
6 - What should your teacher do to make you happy?
7 - How many books did you read last year? What’s the name of your last book?
8 - What will you be able to have in 10 years?
9 - Tell two things people shouldn’t do.
10 - What mustn’t you do at home?
46
UNIT 22
STORY | MARTIN AND THE LOST DOGS
Martin has a friend called John and he
works for himself in the “LONDON HOME”
for lost dogs. When dogs get lost in London,
policemen and other people bring them to
him. When somebody loses his dog he comes
to the “London Home” and usually the dog is
there waiting for him.
Yesterday Martin’s friend John
was sick and Martin was doing his work. There
were a lot of dogs in the “London Home” and
Martin was talking to a man and his wife.
Man - Our dog is lost.
Wife - Yes, our beautiful little dog. Is he here?
Martin- Wait a minute, please. There are
hundreds of dogs here. Is yours a big dog or a
Little one? What color is it?
Man - Ours is a white dog.
Wife - Ours is a pretty little white dog.
Then a little boy, by himself, came and stood behind the man and his wife.
Boy - Please, is my dog here? Mine is a little white dog, too.
Martin thought.
Martin - Theirs is white and this boy’s is white. Theirs is small and the boy’s is small.Tell me something more about your dogs.
Man - Ours has a long tail and short hair.
Boy - Mine has too. But mine has a black nose and black ears.
Wife - Ours has too.
Martin talked to himself.
Martin - In a minute...this silly woman probably will say that hers has four legs and a head.
Wife - Ours, has four…
Martin - Stop! Please, come outside with me. Come and look at the lost dogs.
Outside, behind the Home, there was a yard full of lost dogs. There were three small white dogs
with black ears. Martin showed the dirtiest one to the man and his wife.
Martin - Is this yours?
47
Man - Oh, no. That dog is too ugly.
Boy - And it isn’t mine.
Martin - Is that one over there yours?
Boy - Oh, he is mine.
Wife - No, he is mine.
Man - He is ours.
Then Martin got angry.
Martin - Listen! There are three little white
dogs with black nose and black ears. Three
people say that one dog is theirs. And that is
silly. This is what we are going to do. You
three are going to stand at one end of the yard. I’m going to go to the other end of the yard with
the three dogs. You three, please, call the names of your dogs. You ( he told the boy) call the name
of your dog. And you ( he told the man And his wife) call the name of yours. I’m sure this is the best
thing to do.
Then, the three people were at one end of the yard and Martin had the three dogs at the other
end.
Martin - Are you ready?
The man and his wife and the boy called the dogs and the dogs ran. But at that moment Jillian
came into the yard to see Martin. She had a shopping bag in her hand, and the three dogs ran to
her and not to the boy or to the man and his wife. The man was angry.
Man -Those dogs aren’t hers. One is ours and one is this boy’s. They aren’t hers.
Jillian - No, they’re not mine and I don’t want one. But there is some meat in my shopping
bag. Because of this they ran to me. Look! These two dogs have names on their collars. This one’s
name is Bonzo and that one’s is Laddie.
Boy - Oh, he is mine. Bonzo is mine. Come
here Bonzo. Good dog.
Wife - And Laddie is ours. Thank you very
much. It’s a good thing to have a sensible
person here today.
But Martin wasn’t listening. He was watching the third white dog. That dog was eating
Jillian’s meat.
48
UNIT 22
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
am
are
is
is
is
are
are
wearing
MY
YOUR
HIS
HER
ITS
OUR
THEIR
clothes. They are
MINE.
YOURS.
HIS.
HERS.
ITS.
OURS.
THEIRS.
Possíveis respostas às perguntas acima seriam:
A
B
C
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them
My
Your
His
Her
Its Our
Your
Their
D
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its
Ours
Yours
Theirs
E
Myself
Yourself
Himself
Herself
Itself
Ourselves
Yourselves
Themselves
Algumas observações sobre a utilização das diversas categorias dos pronomes acima:
A
Os pronomes desta coluna são sempre usados seguidos pelo verbo, igual portanto, ao português:
Eu faço. Ele estuda. Nós trabalhamos, etc.
B
Estes pronomes, chamados de caso oblíquo, são sempre utilizados após o verbo:
Give ME the book. Give the book to ME.
Dê- me o livro.
Dê o livro para mim.
Observe o uso dos pronomes nas duas frases acima:
utilizados junto ao verbo: Give me the book.
She’s lending them the pencils.
Utilizados com preposições: Give the book to me.
She’s lending the pens to them.
49
C
As palavras desta coluna, chamadas de adjetivos possessives, sempre precede os substantivos a
que se referem:
My ties.Your tickets.
Her clothes.
Their books.
Note:Os possessivos são utilizados de maneira idêntica em português. Lembre-se, apenas, que em inglês nunca usados com artigo:
O meu tio = My uncle.A sua camisa = Your shirt.
D
Os pronomes possessivos desta coluna são sempre usados isoladamente, isto é, sem o substantivo
a que se referem e o qual estão substituindo.
Is this your car? = Is this yours?
Assim, sempre que se quiser evitar a citação do substantivo, devem ser usados estes pronomes
possessivos:
It’s my book.It’s mine. ( my book)
My eyes are brown.
Hers are blue ( her eyes)
E
No uso que demonstraremos no esquema abaixo e nos exemplos, estas palavras ( chamadas pronomes reflexivos) correspondem ao nosso Me, te, se, nos, etc.
UNIT 22
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
I
You
He She
It We
You
They
cut
hurt
taught
saw
started by
listened to
thought about
helped
myself.
yourself
himself.
herself.
itself.
ourselves.
yourselves.
themselves.
Ex: He saw him.= Ele o viu. ( Duas pessoas diferentes.)
He saw himself.= Ele se viu. ( Uma mesma pessoa.)
We cut ourselves.= Nós nos cortamos.
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O pronome reflexivo também é usado no sentido de para mim, para eles, etc.
Ex: I bought myself a book.
Help yourself to a drink.
= Comprei- me ( para mim) um livro.
= Sirva-se de uma bebida.
Estes mesmos pronomes são também usados para enfatizar, em situações em que, em
português, usaríamos Mesmo ou Próprio.
Ex: He did the work himself.
I cleaned my room myself.
= Ele próprio ( mesmo) fez o trabalho.
= Eu mesmo (a) limpei o quarto.
Ao contrário dos pronomes reflexivos tratados no item anterior, sempre colocados logo após o verbo,
estes pronomes usados para ênfase normalmente aparecem após a pessoa a que se referem.
Ex: I myself saw Tom.= Eu mesma (o) vi o Tom.
I saw Tom himself.
= Ei vi o próprio Tom.
Então os pronomes usados para enfatizar podem ser colocados logo após a pessoa a que se referem ou
no final da frase.
Ex: The students themselves did the work. Or
The students did the work themselves.
Usamos by + pronome reflexive no sentido de sozinho ( sem ajuda de alguém).= Alone. Ex: They painted the house by themselves.
She was sitting by herself in the dark.
UNIT 22
VOCABULARY
Collar Other Sensible Yard http://allcebel.com.br/
=
=
=
=
Coleira/ Colar
Outro (a) outros (as)
Sensato (a)
Quintal / Pátio.
51
UNIT 22
HOMEWORK - 01
Exercise 1- Do as in the example.
Ex.: Mary has a bicycle.
It’s her bicycle.
It’s hers.
1 - I have a pair of shoes.
2- They have some coffee.
3- He has a good idea.
4- We have some money.
5- It has a nice decoration.
6- Susan has a nice apartment.
7- You have elegant clothes.
8- This dog has two puppies.
9- We have a very big classroom.
10 - Peter and Mary have two small cars.
52
Exercise 2 - Choose the correct words in Italics and rewrite the sentences correctly.
1- Children have to obey his / their parents.
2 - Jodi lost her / hers book.
3 - My telephone is not working but your / his is working well.
4 - You can’t have any chocolate! It’s your / mine.
5 - The bird broke its / it’s wing.
6 - Was your / yours grammar book expensive?
7 - Paula had to drive my car to work. Hers / Her was broken.
8 - Julie fell off her bicycle and broke hers / her arm.
9 - We gave them our / ours telephone number, and they gave us their / theirs.
10 - Mine / My pencil is broken. Can you lend me yours / your ?
Exercise 3 - Choose the correct words in Italic and rewrite the sentences correctly.
1- Adam and Amanda are married. They / Them live in an apartment building.
2 - Their / They’re apartment is on the fifth floor.
3 - We live in the same building. Our / Ours apartment has one bedroom but their/ theirs has two.
4 - Their / They’re sitting in the kitchen of their / they’re apartment now.
5 - Their / They’re sitting there now because they’re / their waiting for a phone call from their / they’re son.
6 - Speaking of son, they’re / theirs doesn’t live with them. He lives in New York.
53
Exercise 4 - Change the possessive adjective to a possessive pronoun or change the
possessive pronoun to a possessive adjective.
Ex.: This is his car.
This car is his.
1 - This will be your room.
2 - Are those his shoes?
3 - Will this be my bed?
4 - These are my pens.
5 - That was your plane.
6 - Is this your suitcase?
7 - This was their house.
8 - Is this our bus?
9 - That will be her house.
10 - I think this is my car.
Exercise 5 - Complete the sentences with Reflexive Pronouns.
1 - Robert made this T- Shirt ___________________________________________________________
2 - Lisa did the homework ____________________________________________________________
3 - We helped ________________________________________________ to some drinks at the party.
4 - Emma, did you take the photo all by _________________________________________________?
5 - I wrote this poem _________________________________________________________________
6 - He cut _____________________________________________ when he was playing with a knife.
7 - The lion can defend _______________________________________________________________
8 - My mother often talks to ___________________________________________________________
9 - Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help ____________________________________________
10 - Alice and Doris collected stickers ___________________________________________________
11- He sent ________________________________________________________ a copy of his e-mail.
12 - I talk to _______________________________________________ when I am nervous or excited.
54
13 - He hurt ___________________________________________________________ playing hockey.
14 - She enjoyed __________________________________________________________ at the party.
15 - Be careful Mary. Don’t hurt ________________________________________________________
16 - Jane and I enjoyed ___________________________________________ last night at your party.
17 - More and more people are working for ______________________________________________
18 - Mary told him to watch ___________________________________________________________
19 - I told Susan that I don’t enjoy going to the movies by ___________________________________
20 - You and Max will be able to do all of the work by ______________________________________
_Exercise 6 - Complete the sentences with Reflexive Pronouns.
1 - I’ll have to help John to do his homework, but Jane can do it __________________________
because her English is excellent.
2 - At 12:30 Peter and I went to the snack bar to buy ______________________ some lunch.
3 - When I saw _________________________ in the mirror I was horrified. There was a red paint on
my nose.
4 - Welcome to the party everyone! Just help ____________________________ to sandwiches and
snacks.
5 - Look! There is a little bird washing __________________________________________ in the river.
6 - Do you talk to ________________________? Many people talk to _________________________.
7 - Why is your girlfriend sitting here all by _____________________________________ in the dark?
8 - Jane didn’t introduce me to her friend. So, I introduced _____________________to Jane’s friend.
9 - I ___________________________________________ saw Henry solving those difficult problems.
10 - Professor Brown lives by ____________________________________________ in the old house.
Exercise 7 - Write complete answers to these questions.
1 - My eyes are blue. What is the color of yours?
2 - My father has a nice car. How about yours?
3 - What do you think when you see yourself in the mirror?
4 - When did you hurt yourself? Tell about it.
5 - Did you have a dog or other animal when you were a child? Tell about it.
6 - When did you last travel by yourself? If so, where did you go?
55
7 - What should you do to make your teacher happy?
8 - What must you study for your next test?
9 - What can your father cook by himself?
10 - What do you most like to do when you go to a party?
56
UNIT 23
STORY | HOW MARTIN MET JILLIAN
Jillian is holding up an old laptop she
took from a drawer. Martin has seen it many
times but when he saw it he pretended he
didn’t see it. He remembered that Jillian had
just bought the laptop when they first met.
She has filled it with abbreviations and emoticons but she hasn’t deleted them and hasn’t
thrown the notebook away. She has carefully
kept it.
Every time Jillian has found it she has
started to get sentimental.
Jillian - Martin, look what I’ve found.
Martin doesn’t show much interest at
the notebook. He thinks that every time Jillian
wants to be sentimental she has taken it out
of the drawer.
But Jillian knows he has seen it many times.
Jillian - Do you remember the day we first met, Martin? This is the laptop I had just bought. I didn’t
know how to use it so my teacher told me to get some practice. Then I went and sat in that coffee
shop and tried to type abbreviating everything I heard.
Martin smiled thinking about it. He and his boss didn’t notice the young lady that was typing
at the next table to theirs in the coffee shop.
When they finished their conversation, Martin’s boss called the waiter and whispered to Martin.
Boss - I’m sure that girl has written down everything we have said. I think you can read abbreviations, can’t you? Try to find out what she has written. Perhaps she’s a reporter. We don’t want everything we have said to go into the newspaper.
Martin smiles to himself remembering his
boss going back to the office, leaving him to
find out what that strange girl typed.
Jillian - Do you remember, when your boss
left, you weren’t sure how to start a conversation. So you asked me to have another cup of
coffee. I think you were all the time watching
me. Isn’t it wonderful, Martin? Someone looks
across a coffee shop at someone and - zing he falls in love. Just like that.
While Jillian is talking Martin is thinking
that Jillian doesn’t know the truth. She thinks
that he intended to talk to her because he fell
in love with her. She doesn’t know that his
boss asked him to find out what she typed at
her laptop.
And Jillian continued talking.
57
Jillian - And then you pretended you could read my abbreviations. But when you saw them, you
couldn’t read what I typed.
Martin- That’s not true. You typed a lot about me. I can tell you now but I couldn’t at that time. You
typed “I like his eyes. Isn’t he something? He’s just like the wonderful man on television. Oh, the
older man has just called him Martin.” When I read all those nice things about me, I couldn’t read
them out to you.
Jillian - And you think I fell in love with you then. Oh, Martin. I told you I was just practicing typing.
What I’ve written about you was a conversation from two silly girls sitting at a table next to yours.
I’m sorry. I don’t think I’ve looked at you more than once. But when you walked in my direction, I
knew.
Martin - Jill, stop! I must tell you something. I didn’t come to talk to you because I fell in love with
you. My boss told me to look at what you were typing because he thought you were a reporter typing our conversation.
Then both laughed, looking into each other’s eyes. Then, when Martin took Jillian in
his arms and kissed her, he dropped, by accident, the old laptop on the floor, breaking it.
Martin - We must think about getting married.
She looked at him. And when he saw the happy expression in her eyes, he knew why
she has found her old laptop again.
58
UNIT 23
( HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE)
PRESENT PERFECT
I
You
They You and I We
HAVE
He Somebody
She
Mr. Brown
Mary
FOUND some money on the street.
BROKEN the machine, look at it!
FINISHED the work.
CLEANED the garden.
EATEN the entire cake.
GONE out lately.
WRITTEN letters to them.
PAID all the bills.
DRIVEN for three hours.
LIVED here for ten years.
HAS
NEGATIVE
I
They
You
HAVEN’T
She
Peter
The cat
HASN’T
EATEN anything yet.
SEEN that movie yet.
LOST anything.
DONE the homework today.
LOST his job.
BEEN around lately.
INTERROGATIVE
HAVE
HAS
the girls
you
the nurses
LOST anything?
HELPED them?
LOOKED for the children?
Martin
Diane
she
ARRIVED late?
CALLED the police?
READ the report?
59
O tempo chamado Present Perfect é formado combinando o verbo HAVE com o
PARTICIPIO PASSADO ( Gone / Walked / Written / Drunk, etc)
We HAVE EATENThey HAVE GONEShe HAS SEEN
Na forma, portanto, este tempo é igual ao nosso passado composto com ter.
Nós temos comido
Eles tem ido Ela tem visto
O seu uso, porém, nem sempre coincide com o português.
Basicamente utiliza-se o Present Perfect em inglês, para indicar importância até o presente momento
da ação ocorrida ou iniciada no passado.
Ex.: We have lived in this city for two years. ( We started living here two years ago and we are still here.)
We have lived in this city since July. ( We started to live here in July and we are still living here.)
É usado quando o que interessa em relação a um acontecimento do passado, não é descrever a época ou
circunstâncias relativas a ação ou aos fatos ocorridos em si, e sim as conseqüências do fato no presente.
Ex.: My father has sold his car. ( What matters here is the fact that he doesn’t have it anymore and not how and when he sold it.)
Mary has lost her ring. ( Because of this she is crying)
WH - QUESTIONS
Where have you been? What has she done? Who has worked too much?
I’ve been to New York.
She’s done the homework.
Nobody has.
EVER = alguma vez / ALREADY = já / NEVER = nunca / not ...YET = ainda não.
Has she EVER talked to you?
Yes, She has ALREADY talked to me.
No, She has NEVER talked to me
No, She hasn’t talked to me YET.
Have you EVER been to China?
Yes, I’ve ALREADY been there.
No, I’ve NEVER been there.
No, I haven’t been there YET.
Usa-se EVER (= Já, no sentido de alguma vez) para perguntar e ALREADY ( já) para a resposta
positiva. Para a negativa usamos NEVER.
60
YET = já ( Na pergunta )
Usamos YET numa pergunta quando queremos saber se alguma coisa já foi feita.
Ex.: Have you finished the e-mail YET? Yes, I’ve already finished it.
No, not YET.
Ex.: Has he sold his car YET?Yes, He’s already sold it.
No, not YET.
JUST = acabar de …
Here’s Bill. He has JUST arrived from the United States.
I have JUST had some coffee.
Has Peter JUST finished his test?
JUST vem imediatamente antes do Past Participle. É, praticamente, só usado com o Present Perfect e
significa: Acabou de fazer, terminou neste instante. É o passado imediato.
UNIT 23
Verbs and Vocabulary
VERBS
To Find Out -
To Get Married To Hear/ Heard / Heard
To Intend ( ED) To Keep / Kept/ Kept
To Pretend ( ED) To Whisper ( ED)
= Descobrir
= Casar-se
= Escutar
= Pretender
= Manter / Guardar
= Fingir
= Sussurrar
VOCABULARY
Across -= Através
Another= Outro
Carefully -= Cuidadosamente
Conversation - = Conversa
Just - = Acabar de
Strange -
= Estranho (a)
Truth - = Verdade
61
UNIT 23
HOMEWORK - 01
Exercise 1 - Write original sentences affirmative ( + ), negative ( - ) and interrogative ( ? )
using the Present Perfect of the following verbs.
1- To Make ( + )
2 - To Go ( - )
3 - To Leave ( ? )
4 - To Do ( + )
5 - To Give ( - )
6 - To Have ( ? )
7 - To Buy ( + )
8 - To Forget ( ? )
9 - To See ( - )
10 - To Win ( + )
Exercise 2 - Complete the sentences using the words in parentheses. Use the Present
Perfect.
1- ( I, Meet) _________________________________ Annie’s husband. I met him at a party last week.
2- ( I, Finish )__________________________________________ my work. I finished it two hours ago.
3- ( She, Fly ) Ms. Parker travels to Rio frequently. ____________________________there many times.
4- ( They, Know ) Bob and Jane are old friends. _________________________________ each other for a long time.
5- ( It, Be ) I don’t like this temperature. ____________________________ cold for the last three days.
6- ( You, Learn ) Your English is getting better. ______________________________________ a lot of
English since you came here.
7- ( We, Be) My wife and I came here two months ago. ____________________________ in this city
for two months.
62
8- ( He, Finish ) Bob can go to bed now. _________________________________________ his homework.
9- ( He, Be ) John is at home in bed. ______________________________________ sick for three days.
10- ( She, Miss) Kate is doing badly in her school. _________________________________ a lot of classes lately.
Exercise 3: Compete the sentences using the words in parentheses. Use the Present Perfect.
1- ( I, Write, Not) ___________________________________ my sister an e-mail in a long time. I’ll write to her tomorrow.
2- (I, Write, Never) ________________________________________ a letter to the president of Brazil.
3- ( He, Finish, Not) George is working on his composition, but ______________________________
________________ it yet. He’ll probably finish it in two hours.
4- ( I, Meet, Never)__________________________________ Nancy’s parents. I hope to meet them next weekend.
5- ( Tom, Never, Be) ______________________________________ in Hong Kong, but he would like to go there someday
6- ( Linda, Be, Not) ____________________________________in class for the last two days. I hope she’s okay.
7- ( They, Come, Not) The children are late. ____________________________ home from school yet.
8- ( We, Finish, Not) ____________________________________________________ this exercise yet.
9- ( Liz, Go, Never) ________________________________________ to the museum of Science, but she would like to go.
10- ( I, Call, Not) __________________________________________ Diane yet. I’ll call her tomorrow.
Exercise 4 - Choose the right alternative. Use the Present Perfect or Simple Past.
1- He ___________________________________ for the elevator for over 10 minutes.
a) has waited b) waited
2 - ______________________________________ any gold yet? Yes, he has.
a) Did he find
b) Has he found
3 - Richard ________________________________ the tickets for “Avatar” yesterday.
a) has bought b) bought
4 -He still ____________________________________________ a shower.
a) hasn’t had
b) didn’t have
63
5 - My soccer team ________________________________________ the cup twice so far.
a) won b) has won
6 - The alarm clock ______________________________________ at 7:00 A.M.
a) rang b) has rung
7 - He ______________________________________United’s best football player in 2010.
a) has been b) was
8 - I _______________________________________________________ my homework.
a) already finished b) have already finished
9 - Kevin ___________________________________________ the school bus last Monday.
a) didn’t take b) hasn’t taken
10 - ____________________________________ a lot of pictures when you visited Paris?
a) Have you taken
b) Did you take
Exercise 5: Read and complete the sentences with either the Present Perfect or the Simple Past of the verbs in parentheses.
1- I __________________________( not, go) to school last week because I ___________( be) sick.
2- Paul ________________________________________________( just/ start) to read a new book.
3- He _______________________________________________ ( never / eat) such delicious cookies.
4- Michael __________________________________________________( drink ) too much last night.
5- _______________________________________________________ ( you/ ever/ be) late for school?
6- I _______________________________ ( already / do) the laundry. Now I need to do some ironing.
7- _____________________________________________ ( they / wash) their father’s car on Sunday?
8- I ________________________________________________ ( arrive) from Italy yesterday morning.
9- Linda’s husband _________________________________ ( just/ leave) and she already misses him.
10- Sara __________________________________ ( work) in this company since she was very young.
Exercise 6: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the Present Perfect or the Simple Past.
1-
A: Have you ever been to Europe?
B: Yes, I __________. I ( Be) ________________________ in Europe many times. In fact, I ( Be) _________________________ in Europe last year.
2- A: Have you ever eaten at Al’s Steak House?
B: Yes, I __________. I ( Eat) __________________________ there many times. In fact, my wife and I ( Eat) _________________________________ there last night.
64
3-
A: Have you ever talked to Professor Brown about your grades?
B: Yes, I __________. I ( Talk) __________________________ to him about my grades many times. In fact, I ( Talk) ____________________ to him after class yesterday about the grade I got on the last test.
4- A: What European countries ( You Visit) __________________________________?
B: I ( Visit) ______________________ Hungary, Germany and Italy. I ( Visit)________________ Hungary in 2008. I ( Be) _____________________ in Germany and Italy in 2010.
5- A: ( Bob, Have, Ever) ______________________________________________ a job?
B: Yes, he ____________. He ( Have) _____________________________ many jobs.
Last year he ( Have) _____________________________ a job at his uncle’s store.
Exercise 7- Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the Present
Perfect or the Simple Past. Use ALREADY with the Present Perfect.
1- A: Is Jim going to eat lunch with us today?
B: No. He ( Eat, Already) __________________________________________________. He ( Eat)
__________________________________________________________ lunch one hour ago.
2- A: Do you and Erica want to go to the movies with us tonight?
B: No, thanks. We ( See, Already) ________________________________________ it. We ( See)
_________________________________________________________________ it last week.
3-
A: When are you going to write your e-mail for Dr. Bob?
B: I ( Write, Already) ____________________________________________________ it. I ( Write)
______________________________________________________________ it two days ago.
4- A: When is Jane going to speak to her parents and tell them about her boyfriend?
B: She ( Speak, Already) ________________________________________ to them. She ( Speak)
____________________________________________________________ to them last night.
5-
A: Do you think Mary would like to have breakfast with me and Jane?
B: I don’t think so. She ( Have, Already) ___________________________________ it. She (Have)
_________________ it with me 30 minutes ago.
65
Exercise 8 - Write questions with WHO, WHAT or WHERE.
Tom has bought a new car in Rio de Janeiro.
What has he bought?
What has he done?
Where has he bought it?
Who has bought it?
1 - Tom has given them some money.
2- He has traveled to France twice this year.
3- Jane and Diana have just watched a good movie.
4- Albert has been at home studying for his test.
5- She has put the hat on her head.
Exercise 9- Write complete answers to these questions.
1- What have you done today?
2- Have you lost anything this month?
3- What have you bought recently?
4- Why have you been here in this school?
5- Have you read books lately? If so, what have you read?
6- Where have you spent your money recently?
7- Have you ever found money on the street? If so, what have you done with it?
66
8- What is the best thing you have ever done?
9- Have you ever walked in pajamas on the street?
10- Have you ever got drunk? If so, how did you feel after that?
Exercise 10- Read the story and then give complete answers.
1- How often has Martin seen Jillian’s old laptop?
1- How often has Martin seen Jillian’s old laptop?
2- When did Jillian buy the old laptop?
3- What has Jillian done with her old laptop?
4- What did Jillian do to get some practice? Where did she go?
5- What has Martin’s boss thought about Jillian?
6- What has Jillian thought about Martin?
7- Could Martin read what Jillian had typed?
8- What did she type?
9- Why did Martin go to talk with Jillian?
10- At the end of the story what did Martin do with her old laptop?
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UNIT 24
STORY | THE ENGAGEMENT RING
Martin looked quickly up and down
the street to make sure that nobody was
watching him. Then he turned round, opened
the door of the jeweler’s store and walked
up to the man who was standing behind the
counter.
He has walked in front of this store
many times because it is near Jillian’s apartment. But he has only looked through the
store window for a few days.
Since he and Jillian have started to talk about
getting married he knew he would buy her
an engagement ring. So he has been window
shopping in all the jeweler’s stores he could
find.
But since he saw one particular ring
in the store near Jillian’s apartment he didn’t
think seriously about any others.
Then Martin decided that this one
would be the perfect ring for Jillian. So he
entered in the store to see it more closely.
Martin - I’ve looked at a lot of rings lately but I’m sure this is the one for my girlfriend. Yes, she will
love it.
He looked at the price ticket, which was very expensive, but it didn’t bother him. The man
behind the counter was smiling at him.
Seller - I’m sure she will, sir. But if the size isn’t right, or if she wants to change it, please, bring it
back.
At ten thirty that night, Martin found himself walking in the rain towards Jillian’s apartment. At his side were Jillian and Liz talking.
But Martin was silent.
He turned the collar of his raincoat up
and pushed his hands into his pockets. In his
right hand was a little square box, in which
was the engagement ring.
Since he has bought the ring he has
been thinking about the best time and the
best place to put it on Jillian’s finger. He has
thought about romantic words to say. But
Jillian asked to go out for a walk. While they
were walking they met Liz and it started to
rain. So now they were going back home.
Jillian - Come this way, Martin. There’s something I want to show you.
Jillian - stopped in front of the jeweler’s store
where Martin bought the ring earlier in the day. Then for a moment she was silent.
68
Jillian - It’s gone. Martin, I have looked at engagement rings since the other day. And there was a
particular one, whose size was mine, in this window. But it’s gone.
Jillian started to cry. Martin brought his hand out of his raincoat pocket.
Martin - Is this what you have looked at?
He opened the little square box. The ring shone in the rain.
Martin - We both looked in the same store.
Jillian - We both looked at the same ring.
Martin put the ring on her finger.
Martin - I have carried this ring in my pocket since this afternoon waiting for the best moment to
give it to you.
Martin kissed her.
Martin - You should cry more often. It makes you look prettier.
Jillian laughed.
Jillian - I promise, I’ll cry anytime you buy me a ring.And they both laughed.
Martin - Do you think we should call your parents and mine to tell them about our engagement?
Jillian - Call them? Let’s go up on the roof and shout!
69
UNIT 24
WHO - WHICH - THAT = Pronome relativo QUE.
The man WHO I met in the park is Mary’s father.
The man THAT I met in the park is Mary’s father.
The man X
I met in the park is Mary’s father.
Noun
Pronoun/ Noun
The man WHO
The man THAT
Noun
met me in the park is Mary’s father.
met me in the park is Mary’s father.
Verb
WHICH I bought is very cute.
THAT I bought is very cute.
X
I bought is very cute.
The cat
The cat
The cat
Noun
Pronoun/ Noun
The cat WHICH jumped here is lost.
The cat THAT jumped here is lost.
Noun
Verb
UNIT 24
WHOSE - Cujo (s) / Cuja (s)
The girl
WHOSE seat you took is coming back.
Noun
Verb
It’s dangerous to sit on a chair WHOSE legs are broken.
Noun
Noun
70
UNIT 24
HOMEWORK - 01
Exercise 1 - Write original sentences affirmative ( + ), negative ( - ) and interrogative ( ? )
using the Present Perfect of the following verbs.
1- To Make ( + )
2 - To Go ( - )
3 - To Leave ( ? )
4 - To Do ( + )
5 - To Give ( - )
6 - To Have ( ? )
7 - To Buy ( + )
8 - To Forget ( ? )
9 - To See ( - )
10 - To Win ( + )
Exercise 2- Finish the sentences.
1- My best friend, who____________________________, ___________________________________.
2- Our house, which ______________________________, __________________________________.
3- The salesman, who _____________________________, __________________________________.
4- My favorite sport, which _________________________, __________________________________.
5- His name, which _______________________________, __________________________________.
Exercise 3 - Complete the following sentences with WHO, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT or ( Nothing).
1- People ______________________________________ live in New York City are called New Yorkers.
2- Tina liked the present ________________________________________ I gave her for her birthday.
3- George Washington is the president __________________________ picture is on a one-dollar bill.
71
4- Have you seen the movie ___________________________________ is playing at the Fox Theater?
5- Do you know the woman________________________________________ Michael is engaged to?
6- I have a friend ________________________________________________ father is a famous artist.
7- The camera ___________________________________________ I bought is a very expensive one.
8- A thermometer is an instrument _________________________________ shows the temperature.
9- Monkeys will eat anything _______________________________________________they can find.
10- That’s Tom. He’s the boy _________________________________________parents live in France.
Exercise 4 - Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE
1- I talked to the girl _________________________________________car broke in front of the shop.
2- Mr. Richards, ______________________________________ is a taxi driver, lives on the next street.
3- We often visit our aunt in Paris_____________________________________________ is in France.
4- This is the girl _____________________________________________________ comes from India.
5- That’s Peter, the boy _______________________________________has just arrived at the airport.
6- Thank you very much for your e-mail ________________________________ was very interesting.
7- The man, _______________________________________ father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.
8- The children, _______________________________shouted in the street, are not from our school.
9- The car, _________________________________________ driver is a young man, is from England.
10- What did you do with the money________________________________ your mother gave you?
Exercise 5 - Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH, WHOSE or (Nothing)
1- This is the boy ______________________________________________ had an accident yesterday.
2- Yesterday I saw a car ___________________________________________________was really old.
3- Mandy is the girl _____________________________________________________ I met on Friday.
4- I haven’t seen Frank, ____________________________ brother is 5 years old, for a long time now.
5- The thief took the car ______________________________the woman parked in front of the store.
6- This is the man ______________________________________________________ house is on fire.
7- Can I talk to the girl _____________________________________________ is sitting on that chair?
8- The book _______________________________________________________you gave me is great.
9- She likes hamburgers _______________________________________________________ are hot.
10- Bill Clinton, _____________________________ was the President of the USA, has one daughter.
72
Exercise 6 - Fill in the blanks with the relative pronouns WHO, WHICH or WHOSE.
This is the bank___________ was robbed yesterday. A boy, __________ sister is in my class, was in
the bank at that time. The man _____________________ robbed the bank had two pistols.
He wore a mask __________ made him look like Mickey Mouse. He came with a friend
______________ waited outside in the car. The woman, ____________ gave him the money, was
young. The bag _______________ contained the money was yellow.
The people ________________ were in the bank were scared. A man, _______________cell
phone was ringing, did not know what to do. A woman, ________________daughter was crying, tried to calm her. The car ______________ the bank robbers escaped in was orange. The man
______________ drove the car was nervous. He didn’t wait at the traffic lights _________________
were red. A police officer, _____________________ car was parked on the next corner, stopped and
arrested them.
Exercise 7- Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1- Have you ever seen anyone taking something from a store and didn’t pay? Did you do anything?
2 - Have you ever been really scared? When? Talk about it.
3 - Do you prefer to live in a small town or a big town? Why?
4 - What couldn’t you do when you were younger?
5 - Do you think money is important? Why?/ Why not?
6 - What would you do if you found a big bag full of money?
7 - How old would you like to be when you get married?
8 - What should you do to make your mother/father very happy?
9 - When did you last lie to your mother? What did you tell her?
10 - What was the worst thing that happened to you? Tell something about it.
73
Exercise 8- Read the story and then answer the questions.
1- Where did Martin go to buy Jillian an engagement ring?
2 - How often has Martin walked in front of the jewelry store? Why?
3 - Did the expensive price bother him?
4 - What time was Martin walking in the rain?
5 - Who was walking with him?
6 - Where was the square box with the engagement ring in it?
7 - What has Martin been thinking about since he has bought the ring?
8 - What’s happened with the ring Jillian has looked at?
9 - What did Martin do with the ring at the end of the story?
10 - What was Jillian’s idea to tell their parents about their engagement?
74

UNIT 19

Transcrição

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