trabalho completo - 52ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de

52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Evaluation of protein and mineral metabolites of goats submitted to lipid supplementation¹
Gilberto de Lima Macedo Junior², Fernando Luis Brito³, Wendell Fernando Guimarães da Cruz³, Érica
Beatriz Schultz³, Adriano Santana Crozara³, Marina de Oliveira Cerqueira³, Luciano Fernandes Sousa4
1 Trabalho de iniciação científica do segundo autor, financiada pelo CNPq , com doação da Alltech
2 Docente da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, curso de Zootecnia, FAMEV, UFU, e-mail: [email protected]
3 Discente do curso de Zootecnia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, FAMEV/UFU, Uberlândia, MG
4 Docente da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, EMVZ, Araguaína, TO.
Abstract: The goal of this paper was to evaluate the influence in protein and mineral metabolites of goats
submitted to lipid supplementation (ALL G Reach®) and non-lipid. It was used 14 Saanen goats, equally divided
into two treatments, housed in pens with slatted floor, provided with troughs and water dispenser. The study was
conducted at Capim Branco Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Uberlandia. The goats were fed twice a
day with corn silage as the only roughage (55% forage and 45% concentrate) and control concentrated or
concentrated with ALL G Reach®. There were no changes in the mean concentrations of total protein (TP) and
creatinine due to the treatment. However, there was an increase in creatinine at the beginning and at end of the trial
period. There were no changes in the mean concentrations of magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and the Ca/P ratio
in function of treatment. Nevertheless there was a significant increase in phosphorus concentration in the middle
and end of the trial period, as well a significant decrease in Ca/P ratio over the same periods. The lipid
supplementation by adding 3% ALL G Reach® does not alter the concentrations of protein and minerals
metabolites studied, however altering creatinine concentrations and the Ca/P ratio in a considerable period of use.
Keywords: ALL G Reach®, goats, creatinine, Ca/P
Avaliação dos metabólitos proteicos e minerais de cabras submetidas à suplementação lipídica
Resumo: Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a influência nos metabólitos proteicos e minerais de cabras
submetidas à suplementação lipídica (ALL G Reach®) e não lipídica. Foram utilizadas 14 cabras da raça Saanen
divididas igualmente em dois tratamentos, alojadas em baias com ripado suspenso, providas de cochos e
bebedouros. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Capim Branco da Universidade Federal de
Uberlândia. As cabras foram alimentadas duas vezes por dia com silagem de milho como único volumoso (55%
volumoso e 45% concentrado) mais concentrado controle ou concentrado com ALL G Reach®. Não houve
alterações nas concentrações médias de proteínas totais (PT) e creatinina em função do tratamento. Entretanto,
houve aumento de creatinina no início e fim do período experimental. Não houve alterações nas concentrações
médias de magnésio, fósforo, cálcio e na relação Ca/P em função do tratamento. Porém, houve aumento
significativo na concentração de fósforo no meio e ao fim do período experimental, assim como houve queda
significativa na relação Ca/P nesses mesmos períodos. A suplementação lipídica via inclusão de 3% de ALL G
Reach® não altera as concentrações dos metabólitos proteicos e minerais estudados, entretanto altera as
concentrações de creatinina e a relação Ca/P dado um tempo considerável de uso.
Palavras–chave: ALL G Reach®, caprinos, creatinina, Ca/P
Introduction
The use of lipids in the supplementation of goats occurred due to the success of its use in dairy cattle, in
which there were considerable increases in productivity when it was implemented alternative lipid sources
(Nörnberg, 2003). Compared to a carbohydrate, lipid is able to generate 2.25 times more energy when it is
metabolised, since lipids are composed primarily of fatty acids, making them readily available and concentrated
energy source.
It is important to analyse the metabolic profile of blood in order to assess and to predict metabolic and
nutritional disorders, allowing greater production control and thus reducing preventable losses within the
production cycle.
The goal of this paper was to evaluate the protein and mineral metabolites of goats submitted to lipid
supplementation.
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Página - 1 - de 3
52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Material e Methods
The experiment was conducted from July 2014 to October 2014, at Capim Branco Experimental Farm,
which belongs to the Faculty of Veterinary Science of the Federal University of Uberlandia. It was used 14 Saanen
goats, divided into two treatments (0% and 3% of inclusion of ALL G Reach®), housed in pens with slatted floor,
provided with troughs and water dispenser. The goats were fed twice a day with corn silage as the only roughage
(55% forage and 45% concentrate) and concentrated control or concentrated with ALL G Reach® (composition in
Table 1). Remains were taken once daily at 7:30 am, and the feeding time was 8 am and 4 pm.
Table 1. Centesimal and bromatological composition of the concentrates
Ingredients
Treatment A
Treatment B
Corn meal
49.58%
47.39%
Soybean meal
17.42%
16.60%
Citrus pulp
30.00%
30.00%
Mineral salt
3.0%
3.0%
All G Reach®
XXXX
3.0%
Dry matter
89.03%
89.24%
Crude protein
15.00%
15.00%
TDN
79.82%
80.30%
Bromatological composition of All G Reach®*
Ether extract
50.00%
Total carbohydrates
24.88%
Crude protein
19.22%
Triglycerides
85.80%
Docosahexaenoic acid
27.20%
Palmitic acid
54.69%
*
Data provided by Alltech
Blood samples were taken by jugular venepuncture with the aid of vacutainer at the beginning, middle and
end of the experiment (0, 30 and 60 days of experiment). All blood samples were taken in the morning, before the
supply of the first feeding. The collected blood samples were centrifuged at 5000 rounds per minute (RPM) for 10
minutes and the serum was separated in aliquots and stored in micro tubes (Eppendorf) and kept in a freezer at -5
°C for later laboratory analysis.
The biochemical components for determination of protein metabolism were total protein (TP) and creatinine.
The biochemical components analysed to determine the mineral function were magnesium, calcium, phosphorus
and Ca/P ratio. All samples were processed in an automated biochemical analyser.
The experiment was randomly designed with repeated measurements over time. The means were compared
by SNK test at 5% probability. For all variables it was tested the normality and sphericity. Each treatment had 7
repetitions.
Results and Discussion
There was no change in the average concentrations of total protein (TP) and creatinine due to the treatment
(Table 2). However, there was an increase in creatinine at the beginning and at end of the trial period, with no
change in total protein according to the period.
Table 2. Mean concentration of protein metabolites (mg/dL) as a function of treatments and trial period
Treatment
TP
Creatinine
0
7.47
1.13
3
7.52
1.14
Period
TP
Creatinine
7.60
1.31a
Beginning (Day 0)
7.42
0.92b
Middle (Day 30)
7.46
1.16a
End (Day 60)
7.49
1.13
Mean
9.65
17.18
Coefficient of variation
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Creatinine is a substance present in the muscle and it is involved in energy metabolism, particularly in the
stabilization of high energy phosphate bonds not required for immediate use. Plasma creatinine is used in the
investigation of kidney diseases.
According to Simplicio et al. (2009), the average concentrations of total protein and creatinine of Saanen
goats are 8.24 and 0.85 mg/dL, respectively. Thus, it is noted that the total protein concentration given in the
experiment was less than that found by the authors, whereas the average concentration of creatinine was
significantly greater in the given experiment.
There were no changes in the mean concentrations of magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and the Ca/P ratio in
function of treatment (Table 3). However, there was a significant increase in phosphorus concentration in the
middle and end of the trial period, as well a significant decrease in Ca/P ratio over the same periods.
Table 3. Average concentration of mineral metabolites (mg/dL) as a function of treatments and trial period
Treatment
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Calcium
Ca/P
0
2.09
4.06
8.57
2.22
3
1.93
4.28
8.96
2.23
Period
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Calcium
Ca/P
1.92
3.47b
8.65
2.64a
Beginning (Day 0)
2.05
4.42a
8.65
2.05b
Middle (Day 30)
2.07
4.64a
9.01
1.96b
End (Day 60)
2.01
4.17
8.76
2.23
Mean
7.64
19.30
7.99
19.65
Coefficient of variation
The reference values in mg/dL for mineral metabolites according to Kaneko (1989) and Carlson (1994) are
2.8 to 3.6 for Magnesium, 8.9 to 11.7 for Calcium and 6.5 for Phosphorus. The Ca/P ratio should be kept between
1:1 to 2:1 in order to meet the growth requirements, bone formation and maintenance of milk production
(McDowell, 1992). Thus, it is noted that the average concentrations of minerals were comparatively smaller, but not
enough to be nutritionally detrimental to the animals. However, there is imbalance in the Ca/P ratio in the beginning
of the experiment, which was established within the recommended range from the middle to the end of the
experiment, probably through the improvement in supplementation of animals.
Conclusions
The lipid supplementation by adding 3% ALL G Reach® does not alter the concentrations of protein and
minerals metabolites studied, however altering creatinine concentrations and the Ca/P ratio in a considerable period
of use.
Literature Cited
CARLSON, P.G. Testes de química clínica. In: SMITH, B. (Ed) Tratado de medicina interna de grandes
animais. São Paulo: Manole, 1994. v.1, p.395-423.
KANEKO, J.J. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. 4.ed. San Diego: Academic, 1989. 932p.
McDOWELL, L.R. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. San Diego: Academic, 1992. 524p.
NÖRNBERG, J.L. Efeito de diferentes fontes de gordura na dieta de vacas Jersey na fase inicial de lactação.
2003. 158 f. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
SIMPLÍCIO, K.; COTRIM, F.; FAGLIARI, J. J. et al. Perfil bioquímico de cabras lactantes das raças Saanen e
Anglo-Nubiana. In: VIII Congresso Brasileiro de Buiatria, 8., 2009, Belo Horizonte. Anais... Belo Horizonte:
Ciência Animal Brasileira, [2009]. (CD-ROM).
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