AGA KHAN FOUNDATION Baseline Study on Household

AGA KHAN FOUNDATION
Baseline Study on Household Incomes, Production, and Market Linkages
for the
Enhancing Food Security and Increasing Incomes Initiative (FSI) in
Cabo Delgado, Mozambique
TERMS OF REFERENCE for Study Coordinator
I.
Purpose of the Consultancy
The Aga Khan Foundation, Mozambique (AKF (M)), in partnership with Aga Khan Foundation,
Canada (AKFC), began implementation of the Enhancing Food Security and Increasing Incomes
(FSI) Initiative funded by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) in July 2010.
As part of this project, AKF will undertake a Baseline Study to provide a set of baseline data
(both quantitative and qualitative) on household income, production and market linkages in
which FSI intends to have an effect, which can then be tracked over time. This will be followed
by a second study in 2012 focused on Food Security.
AKF is seeking an experienced consultant for the role of Study Coordinator to manage the
FSI Baseline Study for the income, production and market linkages component under the
supervision of an AKF Baseline Study Working Group.
II.
Background and Context
The Enhancing Food Security and Increasing Incomes Initiative funded by CIDA, executed by
AKFC and implemented in partnership with AKF(M), Mozambique is a six‐year project aimed at
improving the overall quality of life of women and men living in Cabo Delgado province. The
project aims to achieve this through improved food security and livelihood opportunities for up
to 35,000 households in seven districts.
FSI builds on the experience and gains made by AKF(M)s Coastal Rural Support Program
(CRSP) and is situated within AKF’s broader multi‐input area development (MIAD) approach.
The MIAD approach seeks to bring a range of interventions together within a defined geographic
area in order to maximize impact by tackling the multi‐faceted nature and root causes of poverty.
Within the context of MIAD, FSI will take the combined approach of improving agricultural
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production capacity, improving access to financial services, particularly for women, and
broadening market opportunities for individuals and households.
Specifically, FSI has three main components – food security, market development and sustained
improvements in access to financial services. Through the food security component, FSI will
work to i) increase production and productivity of key food crops such as maize, beans, and other
vegetables for consumption and sale; ii) increase the range of crops grown, including key cash
crops such as sesame and potentially grains such as sorghum and rice; iii) increase poultry and
livestock ownership; iv) reduce crop losses due to animal attacks, poor storage and spoilage; v)
increase awareness of nutritional requirements, particularly for pregnant women and children
under five; and vi) facilitate access to sustainable systems of agricultural extension and input
supply. Conservation Agriculture (CA), an approach which increases productivity while still
maintaining soil fertility and preserving the natural environment, will be central to this
component. Farmer field schools (FFSs), locally-owned seed multiplication plots, rural shops
and agricultural fairs will be used to disseminate the use of improved agricultural techniques and
livestock development practices, and to facilitate access to agricultural inputs such as seeds,
tools, organic insecticides and fertilizers.
Under the market development component, FSI expects to support increased economic
opportunities for female and male producers/entrepreneurs through the development of
high‐potential value chains in selected agricultural and non‐agricultural sectors. Specifically,
market linkages will be fostered in value chains for sesame, horticulture and handicrafts. FSI will
also analyze the needs and emerging opportunities for expansion of a selected number of
high‐impact sectors and sub‐sectors, such as rice, sorghum and maize, that are aligned with
national priorities and have the greatest potential for integrating a large number of the poor,
particularly women, into viable markets. FSI will foster new players or facilitate entry of market
players from outside the province into Cabo Delgado to address gaps along the value chain
(market information, bulking or wholesale, input supply, packaging, storage, transport etc).
Complementing interventions in the food security and market development components will be
the formation of community-based savings groups (CBSGs) to enhance access to appropriate and
sustainable financial services for poor and low income groups. CBSGs respond directly to the
unmet financial services needs of the remote and rural poor by providing: i) a secure place to
save; and ii) the opportunity to borrow in small amounts and on flexible terms. FSI staff will
work with communities to facilitate the establishment of self‐selecting CBSGs and provide them
with training for a period of 12 to 15 months by which time they will be able to operate on their
own.
Underpinning interventions and supporting their sustainability will be the continued
establishment and strengthening of village development organizations (VDOs). VDO
development is considered key to ensuring the sustainability of interventions as well as a
mechanism for fostering gender equality; with the capacity to develop and plan projects,
mobilize communities, oversee integrated aspects of village development, articulate needs vis-àvis district planning, and assist community members in accessing other opportunities for
financing such as the district development funds, VDOs will be integral in moving the
development process forward.
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Critical to all interventions will be efforts to empower women and men in households of target
districts to share more equitably in the efforts and benefits of socio‐economic development. As
articulated in its gender strategy, FSI seeks to ensure that women have improved access to the
means to improve their and their families’ livelihoods such as agricultural technical knowledge,
access to inputs, extension and savings and credit facilities, access to group membership, and
decision‐making power over resource allocation.
In addition to implementing the Conservation Agriculture approach, FSI will integrate sound
environmental management practices into its business development services training and
counselling efforts, to ensure that improved environmental practices are adopted by
entrepreneurs.
III.
FSI Baseline Study Overview
The FSI Baseline Study will consist of two components:
(i)
Household survey: A representative household survey (perhaps separate relevant
interviews or sections of the questionnaire for males and females in the household) to
collect quantitative data along key indicators related to the following domains:
household wealth status (income, assets, savings and debt), production and
marketing of agricultural produce and handicrafts, and women’s participation in
household-level financial decision making. Specifically, key indicators include:
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Average household (cash and in-kind) income in target area (disaggregated by sex
and age of household head)
Percentage of households that own different types of household assets (disaggregated
by sex and age of household head)
Percentage of households with cash savings (disaggregated by sex and age of
household head)
Utilization of savings by household (disaggregation by sex and age of household
head)
Percentage of households with debt (disaggregated by source of debt and sex and age
of household head)
Utilization of loans by household (disaggregation by sex and age of household head)
Average seasonal yield for food crops per ha cultivated
Percentage of producers and livestock owners using agricultural and livestock
extension mechanisms (other than FFS, disaggregated by gender and type)
Percentage of producers adopting two or more improved conservation agriculture
techniques (disaggregated by gender and district)
Average % of total cropping land cultivated by producers using improved
conservation agriculture techniques (disaggregated by district)
Estimated total production (disaggregated by crop and by district) each season
Extent to which producers experience post-harvest crop losses (disaggregated by crop
and causes)
Incidence of crop disease and/or pests over the last season
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(ii)
Percentage of targeted producers selling products in markets (disaggregated by type
of product, market, group and sex)
Volume/amount of goods in selected value chains sold by targeted producers
(disaggregated by district and group type)
Mean and median net cash income of producers (disaggregated by type of
producer/group) from sale of targeted products
Median net profit margin of producers (as sellers) in selected value chains
(disaggregated by sex)
Degree of women's participation in financial decision making at the household level
Qualitative Studies: will be undertaken to obtain an in-depth understanding of farmer
satisfaction with input supply, extension, and market information services, producer
(agricultural and non-agricultural) satisfaction with business support services, producer
(agricultural and non-agricultural) perception on the benefits of participation in a
group/association, producer (agricultural and non-agricultural) ability to negotiate fair
prices, etc. The studies will focus on selected sites – a limited number of villages or urban
sites chosen to reflect variations in key characteristics which affect agricultural/handicraft
production and marketing – to capture diversity in the geographical area for the selected
topics. The studies also will rely on interviews (group and individual), particularly with
women, to collect qualitative information for a core set of topics.
Final indicators for both quantitative and qualitative studies will be provided to the
consultant during the document review phase.
IV.
Study population
The study population for the FSI baseline study will be households in the project’s current and
future intervention villages in the 7 districts in which the project is active (5 of these districts are
‘core’ districts because they will receive the combination of various FSI interventions, whereas
the remaining 2 ‘expansion’ districts will receive only a limited number of interventions).
Ideally, only those households that directly participate in FSI interventions would be included in
the sampling frame but because it is not possible to know at the outset of the project the
population of households that will benefit from it, the population of households in target
villages will make up the sampling frame. The risk of excluding participant households is
minimized in the 5 core districts because FSI intends to reach over 75% of households in its sixyear timeframe. However, this may be an issue in the 2 ‘expansion’ districts where coverage will
be much thinner. Approximately 16% are female-headed and should be considered in the
sampling for both quantitative and qualitative studies.
As background, the estimated population of these core and expansion districts are as follows:
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District
Core Districts
Quissanga
Meluco
Ibo
Pemba Metuge
Macomia
Sub-Total for Core
Districts
Expansion Districts
Mocimboa da
Praia
Palma
Sub-Total for
Expansion
Districts
Total Beneficiaries
V.
Total
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Population
Males
Females
HHs
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Targeted
HHs
Targeted
Population
% of HH
35,192
25,184
9,509
65,365
81,208
216,458
16,643
12,150
4,545
31,833
39,071
104,242
18,549
13,034
4,964
33,532
42,137
112,216
7,038
5,037
1,902
13,073
16,242
43,292
6,757
4,650
1,350
9,500
10,743
33,000
33,785
23,250
6,750
47,500
53,715
165,000
96.0%
92.3%
71.0%
72.7%
66.1%
76.2%
94,197
45,426
48,771
18,839
1,000
5,000
5.3%
48,423
142,620
24,247
69,673
24,176
72,947
9,685
28,524
1,000
2,000
5,000
10,000
10.3%
7.0%
359,078
173,915
185,163
71,816
35,000
175,000
48.7%
Scope and Focus of the Consultancy, Major Tasks and Specific Deliverables
The consultant, under the supervision of the Baseline Study Working Group, comprised of
representatives of the Aga Khan Foundation, is expected to complete, at minimum, the following
tasks/outputs:
(i)
Preliminary Desk review – undertake and complete a thorough desk review of
relevant documents related to FSI programming and other available sources of
relevant information as provided by AKF and other sources.
(ii)
Budget and work plan – based on findings of the desk review and in consultation
with the Baseline Study Working Group, the consultant will develop a detailed
budget and work plan, including both required human and financial resources
required to complete the Baseline Study tasks. The work plan will detail specific time
frames and level of effort and expected days in the field, travel and off-site days.
(iii)
Household survey
1. Develop the appropriate research design with support from the Baseline Study
Working Group keeping in view the selected indicators, recommended sampling
methodologies and sample sizes, and building on the methodology used for the
Agriculture and Market Access baseline study conducted in southern Tanzania and
AKDN’s Quality of Life (QoL) Assessment methodology which will be passed along
after selection of the consultant for the assignment.
2. Develop study questionnaire (to reflect selected indicators), adapting, to the extent
possible, the questionnaire used in southern Tanzania and the one used for the QoL
Assessment.
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Census Data, 2007, Instuto Nacional de Estatistica, Moçambique
Average household size consists of 5 people (QoL, 2008)
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3. Prepare all supporting documents including coding guides, interviewer and
supervisor’s manuals and translate into Portuguese, where necessary.
4. Work with CRSP(M)’s M&E team to design the database for the questionnaire and
develop the data entry manuals - (database development and data entry manual
development will be the responsibility of the consultant; the database should be in
either Microsoft Access or Excel).
5. Oversee the identification and recruitment of field enumerators (to be undertaken by
CRSP(M)’s M&E team).
6. Train field enumerators (as part of the pilot testing phase).
7. Refine the questionnaire as needed based on pilot testing and review its back
translation from the local language to English to verify appropriateness
8. Monitor field enumerators during data collection in order to ensure data quality.
9. Work with CRSP(M)’s M&E team to supervise the data entry and cleaning process.
10. Analyze the survey data
11. Write the Baseline Survey Report, incorporating feedback from the Baseline Working
Group.
(iv)
Qualitative work
1. Develop the appropriate research design building upon both the Agriculture and
Market Access baseline study conducted in southern Tanzania and the QoL
Assessment, and keeping in view agreed domains and topics, in consultation with the
Working Group.
2. Recommend qualitative methodologies, sampling size and frame.
3. Develop appropriate study tools.
4. Prepare all supporting documents including guidelines for facilitators, note-takers and
interviewers.
5. Oversee the identification and recruitment of field enumerators (to be undertaken by
CRSP(M)’s M&E team).
6. Train field researchers and monitor data collection in order to ensure data quality
7. Oversee and ensure the quality of the transcription of field notes in collaboration with
CRSP(M)’s M&E team
8. Analyze data and write the study report, including recommendations for future
research, not covered in the Baseline Study Report.
Overall deliverable: Final Baseline Study Report, including analyses from the quantitative
survey and the qualitative studies. Raw and final data sets as well as reports will be the
property of the AKF and will not be available to the consultant for their use beyond this
project.
VI.
Expected Time Frame
The consultant is expected to commence duties in the field (Pemba, Mozambique) starting from
the beginning of June 2011. Working with CRSP(M)’s M&E team in Pemba, and supervised by
the Baseline Study Working Group, the consultant will commence planning and design of the
qualitative and quantitative studies, recruit and train survey facilitators, coordinate data
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management, cleaning and analysis, and produce the final Baseline Survey Report, which will
draw on both the quantitative household survey and the qualitative sentinel site studies..
The quantitative survey and qualitative studies are expected to take place starting in August 2011
following the completion of the harvest and main post-harvest marketing seasons for the primary
crops in which FSI has an interest in terms of food security and income (i.e., maize, sesame,
beans, ground nuts, millet, sorghum, sweet potatoes, and horticulture). The final report (for both
components) is due no later than the end of December 2011.
The Study Coordinator is expected to be engaged for a maximum of up to 90 working days
over a 7 month period (May 1st, 2010 to November 30, 2011). The number of days is
negotiable based on the proposal that is submitted (See page 8).
Overall, the following deliverables and level of effort are expected:
Expected Deliverables
Desk Review
Work Plan (including study design) and Budget
Tool development, testing, and training of enumerators/field researchers
(including pilot test, database development, etc)
Quantitative and Qualitative Study (data collection)
First Draft of Report
Final Report
VII.
Estimated Time Frame
May 2011
May 2011
June - July 2011
August - September 2011
November, 2011
November end, 2011
Consultant Qualifications and Experience
Qualification and Technical
Competencies
 Masters in Social Sciences preferably
in development studies or related field
 Strong experience with and
knowledge of quantitative and
qualitative research methods.
 Familiarity with quantitative data
analysis packages such as SPSS and
qualitative data analysis methods
Experience
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Extensive knowledge and at least 10 years development
experience, particularly in agriculture/livestock, food
security and market development and involving M&E
related responsibilities;
At least 5 years of comparative experience at
progressively senior levels in the design, planning and
implementation of large-scale quantitative and
qualitative assessments.
Excellent communication skills (written & oral
English; Portuguese) essential.
Prior working experience with any AKF Units is an
added advantage.
Strong knowledge of the southern and eastern African
development context
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VIII. Reporting
The draft and final reports will be presented in the format outlined by AKF(M) with all due
tables, graphs and accompanying photographs and/or notes. The draft and final reports must be
properly formatted and edited.
The final report will be submitted according to deliverable timelines and the consultant will
provide one original bound copy duly signed by the consultant along with a virus-free electronic
version in Microsoft Word 2003 or compatible program in a high standard of English.
The consultant will report directly to the Monitoring and Evaluation Advisor on all matters
pertaining to this Terms of Reference in Pemba, Mozambique and will also work closely with the
Monitoring and Evaluation Coordinator for AKF(M).
IX.
Expression of Interest
Agencies or Individuals meeting the above criteria are invited to submit a proposal in person or
by email to:
Aga Khan Foundation Mozambique
C/O Gibson Manda
Bairro Cimento, Av Marginal nº 1184
Rua do Cemiterio
Pemba, Cabo Delgado
Mocambique
Fax:+258 22 1189
E-mail: [email protected]
Proposals should not exceed 5 pages and should include the following:
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A statement of previous experience in relevant sectors (agriculture, market development,
nutrition)
A statement of previous experience conducting large-scale quantitative and qualitative
assessments
Proposed overall study design methodology (including sampling methodology and
selection of participants for qualitative work
Proposed work schedule and timelines (if changes are proposed to the above suggested
timeline, please explain why)
Proposed budget with detailed line items (personnel, transportation, other direct costs)
Agencies must provide complete contact details information in their proposals.
Proposals should be received no later than Friday March 4, 2011. Successful applicant(s) will
be notified no later than Tuesday March 15, 2011.
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