The Revelation of Holy Trinity and Mr. Eliot`s `Metaphysical

The Revelation of Holy Trinity and Mr. Eliot`s `Metaphysical

samebis gamocxadeba da b-n eliotis
“metafizikuri”
eWvebi
“..erTia logosi, romelic JRers yvela wmida mwerlisa
piriT, da romelic, dabadebidanve RmerTi da RvTisa Tana
myofi, ar scnobs danawevrebas, radgan JamTasvlis miRmaa.”
netari avgustine, Ennaratio in Psalmos, 103,4,1
“mwerlisaTvis azrs TavisTavadi Rirebuleba ar gaaCnia;
misTvis mniSvnelovania mxolod azris qmediToba
nawarmoebis inteleqtualur meqanizmSi”.
Tomas mani, “doqtor faustusi: romani romanis Sesaxeb”
leqsSi “b-n eliotis sakvirao wirva” (1918) tomas eliotis erT-erTi
“tradiciuli” personaJi, “maimunismagvari” suini mxo-lod bolo strofSi
gamoCndeba. aq is, abazanaSi Camdgari, laji-dan lajze bajbajebs da wyals
amRvrevs:
Sweeney shifts from ham to ham
Stirring the water in his bath.
eliotis zogi sxva nawarmoebis msgavsad, suinis saxe aqac ZiriTadia, magram
TviT leqsi, Teofil gotiesgan nasesxebi strofuli leqsTwyobis garda, yvela
sxva parametriT gansxvavdeba rogoc “suini da bulbulebis”(1918), ise “suini
ereqtusisganac” (1919). mTavari Tema aqac suli da xorcia, RvTisagan gandgomil
samyaroSi sulieri realobis wvdomis uunarobaa maT mier, vinc am samyaros
ganasaxierebs,
planze
magram
gamotanil
xatovaneba
da
“Teologiur”
Sesabamisad,
diskurss
leqsis
aris
ganwyobilebac,
“morgebuli”
da
wina
misi
gamomxatvelia. suinisadmi miZRvnil sxva leqsebisagan gansxvavebiT, poeti aq ar
uxmobs dionisur Tematikas da dionisesTan asocirebuli saxeebic aq ar gvxvdeba
(garda TviT suinisa, romelic tradiciulad, instinqtTa mozvavebasa da xorcis
warmarTul, dionisur apoTeozs ganasaxierebs). eliotisAam erT-erTi yvelaze
inteleqtualuri da ironiuli leqsis sirTule mis Teologiur koncefciaSi,
ufro sworad, am koncefciis uqonlobaSi Zevs, rac
poetis imJamidel religiur
miswrafebebsa da maTTan dakavSirebul eWvebs asaxavs. L
“sakvirao
wirvis”
Seqmnis
dros
(1918-19)
elioti
seriozulad
iyo
dainteresebuli
eklesiis
mamaTa
moZRvrebebiT,
bevrs
fiqrobda
qristianuli
religiis arsze, Tanamedrove samyaroSi mis daniSnulebaze. is eZiebda, gaorebuli
iyo
da
am
gaorebas
amerikelad
dabadebulsa
da
rwmeniT
unitar
poets,
umZafrebda misi axali garemo – anglikanuri inglisis unikaluri kulturuli
atmosfero da mxurvale survili bunebrivad Serwmyoda inglisur garemocvas,
evropuli kulturuli tradiciis Semadgenel nawilad gardaeqmna Tavisi poezia.
eliotis
imJamindeli
religiuri
msoflaRqma
unitaruli
aRzrdis,
aSkara
kaTolikuri simpaTiebisa da anglikanuri garemocvis zegavleniT yalibdeboda.
Tanac anglikanizmi mis cnobierebaSi misTvis esoden Zvirfasi inglisis diad
kulturul
warsulTan
asocirdebodao,
wers
eliotis
biografi
lindal
gordoni. Yyovelive es, cxadia, religiursa da zneobriv arCevans urTulebda
sulieri
Ziebis
gzaze
damdgar
poets.
amitom
aris,
rom
“sakvirao
wirvaSi”
yuradReba gamaxvilebulia ara romelime konkretul konfesiaze, aramed umTavres,
zogadqristianul
faseulobebze.
uaRresad
seriozuli
religiuri
meditacia
uSualod exeba qristianul saidumloebebs, Seicavs RvTaebrivi arsis wvdomisa da
dasavluri saeklesio dogmatikis gaazrebis cdas, poetur msjelobas origenes
moZRvrebaze da naTlisRebis mistikur arsze.
cxadia,
seriozuli,
elioti
eliotad
“metafizikuri”
ar
darCeboda,
Sinaarsi
mas
misTvis
rom
Cveuli
mTeli
es
uaRresad
groteskul-ironiuli,
TamaSisebri formiT ar gadmoeca. “Wit and high seriousness”, - maxvilgonivruli
TamaSi da amaRlebuli seriozuloba; es gansazRvreba, romelsac qleanT bruqsi
meCvidmete saukunis inglisuri “metafizikuri” skolis poezias uyenebs, savsebiT
Seesabameba jon donisa da endru maruelis poeturi xelovnebis memkvidris, tomas
eliotis am leqss, iseve rogorc mTel mis adreul poezias. leqsis poetika
“TamaSiseburia”,
ganwyobileba
-
xan
TiTqos
saxumaro,
xan
ironiuli,
xan
groteskuli intonaciiT da xanac sarkazmiT aRsavse. misi kiTxvisas warmoiqmneba
poeturi enis “simCatisa” da araadekvaturobis iluzia, romelic arsebiTad, sxva
araferia, Tu ara usasrulod seriozuli gancdiTi Sinaarsis gamoxatvis Zalze
specifikuri
saSualeba.
“sakvirao
wirvaSi”
sagrZnobia
metad
mniSvnelovani
qveteqsti, romelic imas mowmobs, rom aq elioti SeeWida qristianuli tradiciis
WeSmaritobis, misi sicocxlisunarianobis gaazrebis problemaso, - wers f. u.
dili-stouni.LTu
sarkastul
adreuli
intonacias
eliotis
“qristianuli
usazRvrod
tradiciis
ironiulsa
da
xSirad,
WeSmaritobis”
wvdomis
saSualebad gaviazrebT, SesaZloa es azri safuZvels moklebuli arc iyos.
nawarmoebis poetikur birTvs naTlisRebis scenis aRweriloba Seadgens,
romelic, rogorc poeti gvamcnobs, umbrieli fermweris mieraa warmosaxuli,
anu
saxviTi
xelovnebis
nimuSs
warmoadgens:
A painter of the Umbrian school
Designed upon a gesso ground
The nimbus of the Baptized God.
The wilderness is cracked and browned
saerTod, elioti xSirad mimarTavs ferwerul
analogiebs. calkeul mxatvarTa
an ferwerul tiloTa xseneba da maTi poeturi komentireba, misi poeziis erTerTi mniSvnelovani Taviseburebaa. es usazRvrod saintereso Tema aSkarad calke
Seswavlis
Rirsia,
magram
zogadad
aqac
SeiZleba
analogias elioti umTavresad ori mizniT iyenebs:
asociaciis Semotana,
rodesac poets sWirdeba
iTqvas,
rom
ferwerul
esaa teqstSi ferweruli
romelime
eqstrateqstualuri,
Cveulebriv - ironiuli motivis win wamoweva (rogorc, vTqvaT, miqelanjelos
xseneba “j. elfrid prufrokis samijnuro simReraSi”), an vizualuri analogiis
poetikur
birTvad
gamoyeneba,
rogorc
“berbankSi”,
sadac
kanaletos
tilos
ferweruli poetika TviT leqsis ferwerul “sivrcobrivobas” da am sivrcis
myisierebas udevs safuZvlad.
tradiciulad,
EkuatroCentos
epoqis
umbriuli
ferwera
sienis
didebul
mxatvrobasTan erTian konteqstSi ganixileba, rogorc am didi skolis ganStoeba
da mas ramdenime mniSvnelovan mxatvars miakuTvneben. Tanamedrove eliotistikaSi
azrTa
sxvadasxvaoba
imis
Taobaze
sufevs,
Tu
sakuTriv
romeli
umbrieli
fermweris, romel tilos aRwers elioti Tavis “sakvirao wirvaSi”. MmagaliTad,
eliotis adreuli Semoqmedebis avtoritetuli mkvlevari, pet slouni varaudobs,
rom leqsSi aRwerili tilo sulac ar ekuTvnis fermwers, rom aseTi tilo
SesaZloa saerTod arc arsebobda da rom elioti gulisxmobs ara fermwers,
aramed dantes Tanamedrove miniatiuristsa da manuskriptebis damsuraTebels,
oderizi del gubios. is umbriis daba gubiodan iyo warmoSobiT da mxatvruli
azrovnebis istorias imiT SemorCa, rom mas dante “salxineblis” XI qebaSi
moixseniebs. oderizis codvili suli, pirqvedamxobili da matliviT mxoxavi,
zurgze
gadebuli
uSvelebeli
lodiT,
swored
mas
Semdeg
gamoCndeba
“salxineblis” scenaze, rodesac meaTe qebaSi (123-125) vergiliusi ityvis: “nuTu
ver xedavT, rom Cven varT mxolod matlebi, /angelozisebr peplebad qcevisTvis
dabadebul-ni, / romlebic umankod afrindebian RvTis samsjavroze”. Aazrobrivad
da Tematurad, dantes es asociacia eliotis leqis epigrafs exmaureba, Tumca
aRweris konkretuloba cxadyofs, rom elioti aq aSkarad ferweras gulisxmobs.
danteseuli asociacia mkvlevars marTebulad aqvs mignebuli, magram oderizi
del gubios kavSiri eliotis leqsTan teqstua-lurad ar mtkicdeba.
eliotis poeziis reminiscenciaTa dawvrilebiT cnobarSi b.s.sauTami leqsSi
aRweril suraTs umbrieli fermweris,
piero dela franCeskas “naTlisRebasTan”
aigivebs; misi naxva poets londonis nacionalur galereaSi SeeZlo, romelsac
axalgazr-dobisas is xSirad stumrobda. Semonaxulia kidec eliotis mier niu
iorkSi nayidi londonis samxatvro galereaTa gzamkvlevi (“bedekeri”), romlis
ydazec poets sakuTari xeliT detalurad aqvs aRnusxuli is suraTebi, romelTa
winaSec is xangrZlivad SeCerebula. MmaT Soris erT-erTi piero dela franCeskas
“naTlisRebaa”. magram nazi, liriuli ganwyobilebiT, Ria ferebis optimisturi
JReradobiT es tilo ar Seesabameba arc leqsis pirquSsa da erTob mkvaxe
ironias da arc mis “Sinagan” Teologiur ganzogadebaTa dones. rac mTavaria,
leqsSi aRwerili figuraTa ganlageba am tiloze ar gvxvdeba. zog mkvlevars
gamoTqmuli
aqvs
varaudi,
rom
eliotis
poeturi
suraTi
imeorebs
imave
nacionalur galereaSi ganTavsebul sxva didi mxatvris - pietro perujinos
“naTlisRebas”,
magram
jer erTi, londonSi gamofenilia perujinos am tilos
me-19 saukunis sakmaod dabalxarisxovani asli, romelic eliotis donis esTets
Tvals
namdvilad
ver
mosWrida
da
meorec,
“sakvirao
wirvis”
aRwerilobas
ikonografiulad arc es suraTi Seesabameba.
Uucnauria, rom “umbrieli fermweris” vinaobis dadgenisas “sakvirao wirvis”
komentatorebi ZiriTadad eliotis londonur STabeWdilebebs ikvleven, Tumca
cnobilia,
rom
1911-1916
wlebSi
poeti
intensiurad
mogzaurobda
swavlobda romis, veneciisa da florenciis muzeumebs da iRrmavebda
italiaSi,
jer kidev
harvardSi, xelovnebis istoriis metad safuZvliani kursis mosmenisas SeZenil
codnas.
EitaliaSi
mogzaurobisas
eliots,
im
droisaTvis
ukve
sakmaod
ganswavlul esTets, naklebad izidavda saqveynod cnobil SedevrTa didebuleba
da rogorc poets, Zalian specifikuri tiloebi ainteresebda Tavis sakuTar,
poetur
mizanTa
misaRwevad.
Aeliotis
Rrma
xelovnebaTmcod-neobiT
ganswavlulobas misi werilebic cxadyofs, sadac is aRniSnavs, rom masze udides
STabeWdilebas axdens, vTqvaT, venecieli andrea mantenias ferwera maSin, rodesac
italiaSi pirvelad Casuli axalgazrda amerikeli turistisagan, wesiT, ufro
TvalSisacemi SedevrebiT aRtacebaa mosalodneli.
eliotis
ferweruli
simpaTia-antipaTiebi,
Cveulebriv,
xelovnebis saukeTeso komentars warmoadgenen. mas
aixsneba
isic,
rom
“sakvirao
wirvaSi”
poeturi
izidavs is, rac mis poetur
alRos Seesabameba da rac mas sakuTar “tiloTa” Seqmnisas
amiT
misive
poeti
gamoadgeba. albaT
perujinos
sul
sxva
namuSevars aRwers - siqstis kapelaSi nanax freskas “naT-lisReba”, romelsac iq
pirvelad
Sesuli
damTvalierebeli
mi-qelanjelos
“gankiTxvis
dRis”,
misive
Weris moxatulobisa da sandro botiCelis didebuli ferweris fonze Znelad Tu
daakvirdeba.
eliotis
is,
rom
“umbrieli
leqsSi
mxatvari”
swored
swored
freska
igulisxmeba,
freskisaTvis
iqidan
gankuTvnil
Cans,
rom
specifikur
zedapirze, kedlis svel baTqaSze (gesso ground) qmnis Tavis namuSevars da ara
tiloze. leqsi sityvasityviT gadmoscems perujinos freskis simbolikas, macxovris “umanko terfebs,
gamWvirvale, meCxer [mdinaris] wyalSi rom brwyinaven”.L
eliotis teqsts zustad Seesatyviseba freskis ikonografia: qriste suraTis
centrSia gamosaxuli, mis Tavze suliwmida, xolo zecaSi - mama RmerTi, rac
samebis dogmatze leqsis Sinagan, umniSvnelovanes aqcents gamoxatavs:
But through the water pale and thin
Still shine the unoffending feet
And there above the painter set
The Father and the Paraclete.
erTaderTi
“gadaxveva”
perujinos
freskidan
isaa, rom eliots Tavisi
suraTis
fonad
“yavisfrad
daserili
udabno”
Semoaqvs,
freskaSi ki foni cixedarbaziTa da galavniT
damSvenebul,
garemos
rogorc
aRniSnavs,
ayvavebul
warmoadgens.
peT
slouni
SesaZloa
udabnos foni andrea del verokios “naTlisRebidan” iyos nasesxebi, miT umetes,
rom verokio did renesansul mxatvarTagan erTaderTia, vinc naTlisRebis fonad
udabnos saxavs. Mmagram verokios ferwera “umbriul skolas” ar ganekuTvneba da
mis tiloze arc mama RmerTis saxeba Cans, garda zecidan gamowvdili xelebisa,
romlebic naTlisRebas akurTxeben. Uunda vivaraudoT, rom elioti swored amitom
ar axsenebs leqsSi perujinos. naTlisRebis
iyo
Seqmnili
da
eliotis
aRweriloba
Temaze mravali renesansuli tilo
maT
krebiT
asociaciasac
Seicavs.
“sakvirao wirva” umTavresad perujinos freskas aRwers, magram amave dros is am
Temaze
Seqmnili
renesansuli
tiloebis
ganzogadebul
suraTsac
warmoaCens.
MmTel am Tematur ferweraSi poets ZiriTadi momenti – samebis erTdrouli
warmosaxva - imdenad izidavs, rom is arc ki axsenebs am tradiciuli kompoziciis
kidev erT kanonikur figuras, ioane naTlismcemels, romelic naTlisRebisas
Tavze asxavs macxovars iordanis wyals.
naTlisRebis mistikuri arsi eliots warmodgenili aqvs, rogorc RmerTis
samive
ipostasis erTdrouli, myisieri gamocxadeba. Lis droismieria formiT,
radgan wami droSi arsebobs, magram zedroulia SinaarsiT, radgan es wami dro ki
ar aris, aramed myisierebis saxiT cnobierebaSi aRbeWdili maradisobaa.
wlis Semdeg, “oTx kvartetSi”
gadakveTis wertili...
mravali
elioti ityvis, rom esaa “zedroulobisa da drois
romelic droSia, magram dro ki ar aris” (The moment
wami,
in and out of time) da am “maradiul wams” inkarnaciis simbolod warmosaxavs. meoTxedi
saukuniT adre, “sakvirao wirvaSi”, inkarnaciis poetikuri realizacia ferweruli
analogiis
moxmobiT
zedroulobis
xdeba
diqotomiac
da,
ukve
wminda
am
poetikuri
adreul
TvalsazrisiT,
leqsSi,
swored
droisa
da
ferweruli
asociaciiT daiZleva.
saqme isaa, rom poeziisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic droismier, procesualur
TanmimdevrobaSi aRiqmeba, saxviTi xelovnebis elementebi “erTdroul” aRqmas
iTxovs. ferwerul tiloSi drois procesualobas sivrcis myisiereba cvlis.
poeti TiTqos “yveba” freskas, magram misi “moyolis” Sedegad miRebuli xati
imdenadvea poeturi (procesualuri, droismieri), ramdenadac ferweruli (myisieri,
“zedrouli”). Aase iqmneba maradisobasTan wilnayari drois poetikuri modeli.
poeturi aRweris aRqmas drois garkveul monakveTSi misi wakiTxva sWirdeba,
magram
is,
rac
aRiqmeba
-
leqsis
poetikis
birTvi,
misi
azrobriv-emociuri
saTqmeli - myisieria da “zedrouli”. amgvari aRqmisas dro TiTqos qreba.F
eliotisaTvis “naTlisRebis freska” gayinul wams Seicavs, xolo es awmyo wami is
“wminda
procesualobaa”,
RvTaebrivi arsis
romelic
yvelaze
miaxlovebulad
gamoxatavs
warmosaxviT Seqmnil STabeWdilebas, radgan
…all time is eternally present.
…yvela dro maradiulad awmyoa.
(“oTxi kvarteti”)
mTlianad
leqsi,
qveteqsts
Seicavs,
parodiisa
da
mxriv,
xolo
ideebiT
gansxvavebuli
imavdroulad
erTi
usazRvrod
meroe
mxriv,
TamaSis
ferweruli
seriozulsa
amave
formiT
analogia
ironiul-parodiuli
rom
da
qveteqsts
Rrma
Teologiur
daxvewili
ironiis,
gamoxatavs.
kidev
erTi,
movixmoT,
Rrmad
religiuri
suliskveTebiT,
“sakvirao
amjerad
wirva”,
da
iseve,
rogorc eliotis sxva ramdenime mniSvnelovani lqsi, ieronimus bosxis didebul
mxatvrobas mogvagonebs da mis mxatvrul msoflaRqmas enaTesaveba. uSualod
bosxis tiloTa reminiscenci-ebi eliots “unayofo miwaSi” aqvs moyvanili, sadac
is Tanadrouli urbanizebuli yofis “jojoxeTs” aRwers.
sainteresoa,
RvTismetyveleba
rom
Tavisi
TiTqmis
istoriis
arasodes
ar
manZilze,
eswrafvoda
marTlmadideb-luri
iracionaluri
zearsis
racionalr wvdomas. misgan gansxvavebiT, kaTolikur TeologiaSi mniSvnelovani
adgili
uWiravs
RmerTTan
erTgvar
@@“racionalur”
damokidebulebas,
yovel
SemTxvevaSi - misi arsebobis racionaluri damtkicebis cdas. “wminda eklesia,
Cveni deda, miiCnevs da aswavlis, rom RmerTi, yovelive Seqmnilis dasabami da
mizani, SesaZloa garkveulwilad iqnas Secnobili kacobrivi gonebis bunebrivi
naTelis
mier,
Seqmnil
nivTebze
dayrdnobiT”.
amas
gvamcnobs
Tanamedrove
kaTolikuri katexizmo. dasavluri religiuri cnobierebis es Tavisebureba jer
kidev anselm kenterberielisa da Toma aqvinelis RmerTis arsebobis Sesaxeb
cnobil mtkicebulebebSi aisaxa, rac dResac kaTolikuri dogmatikis erT-erT
safuZvels Seadgens. popularuli legenda imanuil kantsac miawers RmerTis
arsebobis mtkicebulebaTa Seqmnas, Tumca realurad kanti amgvari mtkicebebiT
arasodes
yofila
dakavebuli.
es
gansxvaveba
dasavlur
da
aRmosavlur
qristianobas Soris, xatovnad aris miniSnebuli dostoevskis didebul prozaSic,
“Zmebi
karamazovebSi”:
rodesac
xucesi
zosima
gardaicvleba,
berebi
didi
cnobismoyvareobiT elian, auva Tu ara suni mis cxedars, anu ganmtkicdeba Tu ara
RvTisagan
zosimas
“netaroba”,
romelic,
rogorc
maT
miaCndaT,
sxeulis
uxrwnelobaSi unda gamoxatuliyo. es ugunurni, ambobs dostoevski mTxrobelis
piriT, idealuri zearsis materialur mtkicebulebebs moelodneno.
unda vivaraudoT, rom dasavluri religiuri cnobierebis es “racionaluri”
specifika
im
Taviseburi
pragmatizmiT
aris
yofiTi
nakarnaxevi,
merkantilizmiTa
romelic
dasavlur
da
msoflmxedvelobrivi
mentalitets
odiTganve
axasiaTebs. raoden paradoqsuladac ar unda JRerdes, TviT yvelaze amaRlebuli
sulierebac ki dasavlur cnobierebaSi xSirad racionalurad gacnobierebul
safuZvels iTxovs, an am safuZvels gulisxmobs. M“Credo quia absurdum est” (mwams,
rameTu absurdia!) –
rogorc
tertulianes es cnobili sentenciac, SeiZleba aRviqvaT,
rwmenisadmi
racionaluri
midgomis
sasurvelobis,
magram
misi
SeuZleblobis damwuxrebuli aRiareba. meore mxriv, cxadia, didi gulubryviloba
iqneboda
mxolod
am
kuTxiT
kaTolikuri
msoflmxedvelobis,
an
mTlianad
dasavluri mentalitetis gansja, Tundac imitom, rom amgvar “racionalizmsa” Tu
“pragmatizms”
kolosaluri
kulturuli
memkvidreoba,
sulie-rebis
udidesi
tradicia eyrdnoba. CvenTvis upirvelesad isaa saintereso, rom “sakvirao wirvaSi”
asaxuli
samebis
dogmati,
romelic
dasavlur
TeologiaSi
mWidrod
aris
dakavSirebuli inkarnaciis mistikur arsTan, xSirad gulisxmobs racionalur
saSualebaTa moxmobiT iracionaluris wvdomas. saTaurSi moxseniebuli sakmaod
pirobiT
“b-n
eliotis”
neofitur
SesaZlebloba iwvevs. misi fiqrebi
eWvebasac,
swored
amgvari
midgomis
samebis dogmats dastrialebs da leqsis
mTeli Tematuri struqturac sxva araferia, Tu ara samebisa da upirvelesi
qristianuli saidumlos – naTlisRebis Temaze inteleqtualurad daxvewili,
ironiuli meditacia.
dasavluri
qristianobis
“uflis
Teologiis
wminda
swavluli
mamebic
Tanamedrove
eliots
momwodeblebi”
warmomadgenlebic
ironiulad
-
brZeni
hyavs
da
gamoyvanili,
Teologebi
da
adreuli
rogorc
Teoretikosebi,
romelTagan yoveli Tavis yaidaze xsnis da komentars ukeTebs samebis dogmats,
naTlisRebas da RvTis gamocxadebas.
samebis erTarseba qristianuli sarwmuno-
ebisaTvis iseTive ZiriTadi warmodgenaa, rogorc
rwmena,
anu
(consubstantiality)
rwmena
da
mama
RmerTTan
da
Tanamara-diulobisa
qristes RvTaebrivi bunebis
suliwmidasTan
qristes
erTarsebisa
(co-eternality).
rogorc
kaTolikuri
katexizmo gvamcnobs, “...eklesiam 325 wels, nikeis pirvel msoflio saeklesio
krebaze aRiara, rom Ze mamis erTarsia, anu mamasTan erTad erTi da igive
RmerTia.” amasTan erTad, cxadia, rom ara mxolod kaTolikuri, aramed saerTod,
qristianuli rwmenis umTavresi nawilia qristes gansxeuleba, anu sityvis xorcad
qmna: “და სიტყუაჲ
დიდებაჲ
მისი,
იგი
ჴორციელ
დიდებაჲ
იქმნა
ვითარცა
და დაემკჳდრა
მხოლოდ
ჩუენ
შობილისაჲ
შორის,
მამისა
და ვიხილეთ
მიერ,
სავსე
მადლითა და ჭეშმ
არიტებითა” (ioane, 1:14).
Eeliotis mxatvrul msoflaRqmaSi qristes orgvari buneba ramdenime seriozul
eWvsa da logikurad gadauWrel kiTxvas warmoSobs. is, rom ioane maxarebeli
qristes
logosad,
anu
xorcad
qmnil
sityvad
warmosaxavs,
misTvis
aSkarad
arTulebs macxovris qveynad movlinebis aRqma-gaazrebas. erTi mxriv, samebis
erTarseba sivrceze, drosa da sikvdilze meufebas gulisxmobs, xolo meore
mxriv, qristes
sikvdilSi
xorcad qmnisas misi RvTaebrivi buneba droSi, sivrceSi da
xorcieldeba,
anu
materialuri
samyaroTi
ifargleba
da
garkveulwilad, am samyaroTi determinirdeba. is, rom qriste mkvdreTiT aRdgeba
da rom is “sikvdiliTa
sikvdilisa damTrgunvelia”, eliotisaTvis problemis
sruliad sxva mxarea - mas upirvelesad sagnobriv realobaSi RmerTis movlinebis,
misi gankacebis mxatvruli analizi ainteresebs. Tavis eWvebs poeti saTauris “b-n
eliotSi” aobieqturebs, romelic erTdoulad aris kidec da arc aris avtori. Bbni
elioti
“xedavs”
Teologiur
samyaroze
proecire-bul,
eliot-poetis
“gaobieqturebul” eWvebs da mas es eWvebi ise esaxeba, rogorc naTlisRebaSi
gamocxadebuli RvTis erTar-sebisa da qristian-TeologTa moZRvrebebis lamis
komiku-ri SeuTavsebloba:
Polyphiloprogenitive
The sapient sutlers of the Lord
Drift across the window-panes.
In the beginning was the Word.
leqsis
pirveli
wregadasuli
gamogonili
strofebi
“ZeTmoyvareobis”
xelovnuri
Polyphiloprogenitive
gadatvirTulia
gamomxatveli
kompoziti,
(“mraval-
sityva,
ZeTgamCeni”),
Casaxvis,
ironiuli
romelic
ukavSirdeba
nayofierebisa
saxeebiT.
kuriozad
“uflis
da
eliotis
JRers
–
swavlul
momwodeblebs” (Sapient sutlers of the Lord), rogorc maTi daxasiaTeba, xolo TviT es
“momwodeblebi”
fanjris
rafebis
gaswvriv
ise
“micuraven”,
rogorc
leqsis
meSvide strofSi mifrinaven futkrebi kedlis gaswvriv. unda vivaraudoT, rom
saTauris impersonaluri “b-ni elioti” wirvisas Tvals avlebs feradi minis
sarkmelebze gamosaxul wminda mamebs da swavlul Teologebs (sapient sutlers),
romlebic mis Tvalwin erTi vitraJidan meoreze monacvleoben. “momwodeblebSi”
Teologiur TeoriaTa momwodeblebi igulis-xmeba; “sutler” erTdroulad “saqonlis
momwodebelsac” niSnavs da am “saqonliT” movaWresac; “saqoneli” am parodiul
konteqstSi
“sulieri
“Polyphiloprogenitive
/
sazrdo”,
The
sapient
anu
Teologiuri
sutlers
of
the
Lord”
koncefciaa.
ase
sityvasityviT
rom,
“uflis
mravalZeTmoyvare, swavlulsa da sulieri sazrdos momwodebel vaWrukanebs”
niSnavs. am groteskul-ironiuli epiTetiT, leqsSi rogorc Tanadrouli, ise
warsulis klerikaluri samyaro Seimkoba. misi nonsensamde CaxlarTuli azri da
sagangebod
absurduli
kazuistikis
stilur
forma
sqolastikuri
parodiad aris
teqstebisa
Cafiqrebuli. swored
da
Teologiuri
amgvari
Saradebis
moyvarulebi ganasaxiereben sazogadoebis im “swavlul” nawils, romelic zearsis
WeSmariti bunebis interpretacias ibralebs, arsebiTad ki misgan Zalze Sors
dgas.
“SaviT mosili mRvdlebi” (sable presbyters) RmerTis sadideblad uamrav “sityvas”
ixmoben, magram sakuTriv sityvisa ara gaegebaT ra. leqsis asociaciur planSi
parodiulad
aris
gaTamaSebuli
“sityvis”
ormagi,
Teologiuri
da
saero
mniSvneloba: umankod Caisaxa da Semdeg iSva sityva, logosi, RvTismetyvelebi ki
“mravalZeTmoyvareobiT”
Casaxulis,
“το−εν”-is
(mravalsityvaobiT)
(RvTis
erTarsebas,
yalb “sityvebs”
“erTarss”
qmnian,
niSnavs
anu
ukve
ZvelberZnulad)
“superfetacias” axdenen. samedicino termini “superfetacia” niSnavs ukve Casaxul
nayofze Tavidan Casaxvas da amgvari “zeCasaxvidan” mraval nayofTa ganviTarebas.
“sulieri
sazrdos
sanacvlod,
scvlian, rac
mraval
momwodeblebs,”
“CanasaxTa
naTlisRebis
Casaxva”
gamosdiT,
mistikuri
sityvas
arsis
isini
wvdomis
“sityvebiT”
RvTaebriv arsTan dapirispireba ufroa, vide misi interpretacia.
TviT sityva “Service”, leqsis saTaurSi aSkarad ormag, ironiul konotacias
Seicavs: erTi mxriv, esaa wirva, saeklesio RvTismsaxureba yvela qristianisaTvis
umniSvnelovanes Jams – kvira dRis dilas; meore mxriv - esaa “servisi”, romelsac
“momwodebeli vaWrebi” TavianT “muStrebs” – saeklesio kongregaciis wevrebs,
mrevls da yvela CvenTagans sTavazoben.
Teologiur uunarobas, fizikuri uunarobac erTvis da simbolurad masve
gamoxatavs. is, rom eklesiis mamaTa Soris udidesma – “daRlilma da
gamofitulma” origenem avtokastra-ciis gziT zearsis wvdoma ganizraxa
(ymawvilkacobaSi mas sityvasityviT gaugia maTes saxareba: “arian saWurisni,
romlebmac TviTon daisaWurises Tavi caTa sasufevlisaTvis” 19:12), elioti-saTvis
xorcis gvemisa da sulis amaRlebis niSans ki ar warmoadgens, aramed RvTis
wvdomis uunrobis, sulieri kastraciisa da unayofobis simbolos:
In the beginning was the Word.
Superfetation of to-en,
And at the mensual turn of time
Produced enervate Origen.
“sityvaTsimravlis” TvalsazrisiT, origene
swored rom
yvelaze “nayofieri”
moRvawe da Teologi iyo. misi Tanamedrovisa da adeptis, “origenes apologiis”
avtoris,
evsebiusis
(gragnils)
iTvlida.
gamoiyeneba
rogorc
cnobiT,
origenes
leqsis
asociaciur
“kastraciisa”
SeuTavsebloba, rogorc origenes
egzegetikuri
planSi
da
es
naSromebi
garemoebac
“nayofierebis”
6000
toms
ostaturad
ironiul-parodiuli
“sityvieri” nayofierebisa da misi realuri,
sulieri (fizikuri) unayofobis kontrasti. origene Tavisi moZRvrebiT swored
“superfetaciis”
ardafiqsirebuli
warmoadgens
nayofia
da
termini
sityvisaTvis
is
“mensualur”
“mensual”,
dros
eliotis
mier
iSva.G
leqsi-konebSi
SeTxzul
evfemizms
“menstrual” (menstrual-uri) da gulisxombs rogorc
drois “yovelTviurobas”, mis Tveebad dayofas (ase xsnis am sityvas torontos
universitetis komentirebuli gamocema), aseve, cxadia, menstrualur cikls. is,
rom origeni
simboluri
“menstrualur droSi” iSva, misi sulieri unayofobis kidev erTi
miniSnebaa,
radgan
rogorc
cnobilia,
menstruaciis
dros
ganayofiereba SeuZlebelia. rogorc vxedavT, sagangebod naturalistursa da
poeturi
teqstisaTvis
erTob
odiozur
saxeebs
elioti
xSirad
sulier
da
inteleqtualur movlenaTa metaforad iyenebs, rac mis imJamindel avangardistul
Sexedulebebs Seesabameba. eliots miaCnda, rom “arapoeturi” Tema bunebaSi ar
arsebobs da TviT yvelaze “binZuri da aRmaSfoTebeli realobac” ki (sordid reality)
SesaZloa da unda iqces kidec poeturi asaxvis sagnad.
origenes saxe leqsSi mxolod mwvave ironiis obieqtad ar moixmoba, mas sxva
mniSvnelovani datvirTvac gaaCnia. Epoeti aqac ar Ralatobs Cveul orazrovnebasa
da
ironiul,
inteleqtualur
TamaSs.
saqme
isaa,
rom
origenes
egzegetikas
uSualo kavSiri aqvs TviT eliotis religiur eWvebTan da rom saRvTo werilis
am komentators gansakuTrebiT vrclad, swored ioanes saxarebis pirveli Tavi
hqonda
komentirebuli.
SemTxveviTi
rodia,
rom
ioanes
saxarebis
cnobili
dasawyisi - “pirveliTgan iyo sityva”, - leqsSi orjer aris citirebuli. Tu
sityva
“pirveliTgan
iyo”,
maSin
rogorRa
“iqmna”
igi?
maSasadame,
qristes
“dasabami” hqonia da radgan mama RmerTma Sva igi drosa da sivrceSi, aqedan
gamomdinare, is arc maradiuli yofila. magram pavle mociquli cxadad da
araorazrovnad
mianiSnebs,
rom
qriste
TviT
qristesSobamde
maradiuli
iyo:
RmerTma “gvixsna Cven... Tvisi nebiTa da madliT, romelic mogvca Cven qriste
iesoSi, saukuneTa uwinares” (timoTe, 1:9). igives RaRadeben sxva mociqulnic da
qristianuli
sarwmunoebis
Tanaxmad,
wminda
werilis
orive
aRTqmac.
iqneb
marTali iyo origene, romelic qadagebda (“De Principiis”) TviT Sesaqmemde yvela
sulis arsebobas, maT maradiulobasa da ukvdavebas ara mxolod sikvdilis
Semdeg, aramed fizikur dabadebamdec? iqneb martebuli iyo misi warmodgena sulis
“winaarsebobis” Sesaxeb, anu adamianis Seqmnamde misi sulis “ukve” maradiulobis
Sesaxeb,
romelic,
codvaTa
gamo
dasjis
mizniT,
RmerTma
droebiT
sxeulSi
daatyveva? iqneb ar tyuoda origene TviT qristes adamianuri sulis winaarsebobis
Sesaxebac,
nawilad?
romelic
TiTqos
ganxorcielebamde
arsebobda
RvTaebrivi
arsis
gana origene ara sTvlida, rom qristes usasrulo sikeTisa da madlis
wyalobiT, TviT jojoxeTic da masSi movlenili tanjvac sasrulia, rom qristes
TanadgomiTa da SuamavlobiT, yvela codvil sulsa da angelozs, TviT eSmaksac
ki, (!) daubrundeba pirveladi, umanko arsebebis eTerovani mdgomareoba da rom
yvelaferi sayovelTao xniT damTavrdeba? “sakvirao wirvis” meeqvse da meSvide
strofebi, swored “origenistulad” gagebul salxineblur Tematikasa da xsnis
momlodine sulTa xsenebas eTmoba. magram swored “mravalZeTmoyvare” saZmom
gadasca anaTemas origenes saxeli konstantinepolis meore saeklesio krebaze
maSin, rodesac TviT origene, ukve samasi wlis gardacvlili iyo...
origenes msgavsad, ormag konotacias – pozitiursa da negatiurs, “sakvirao
wirvis”
ramdenime
sxva
saxec
Seicavs.
mTlianad
leqsis
suliskveTeba,
erTdroulad antiklerikaluric aris da Rrmad religiuric; misi ganwyobileba
uaRresad
seriozulicaa
da
sarkastul-ironiulic,
“procesualuric” da “zedroulic”.
xolo
poetika
-
mravalniSnad azrobriv-emociur datvirTvas
Seicavs epigrafi, romelic qristofer marlos (1564-930) “malteli ebraelis”
citats warmoadgens (moqm.IV, sur. I): “Sexede, Sexede batono, ai, ori religiuri
matli (caterpillars) moxoxavs!” am sityvebs msaxuri itamori eubneba mdidar ebrael
barabas, kaTolike berebis danaxvisas. epigrafi nasesxebia im scenidan, sadac
baraba da misi msaxuri, romlebmac
cota xniT adre mTeli dedaTa monasteri
mowamles,
morals
uRirsi
berebis
mdabal
aaSkaraveben.
baraba,
romelsac
danaSaulis gamoaSkaravebis eSinia, TvalTmaqcurad hpirdeba berebs - jakomosa da
bernardins, rom qristianad moeqceva da am moqcevis aRsaniSnavad, maT mTeli
Tavisi qonebiT daasaCuqrbs. berebi am SemoTavazebas enTuziazmiT xvdebian da
dapirebuli
dramaSi
qonebis
saubaria
simbolurad
dayofis
gamo,
erTmaneTSi
RvTismsaxurTa
dantes
kamaTic
simsunageze,
“salxineblis”
meaTe
ki
eliotis
qebis
mosdiT.
leqsSi
asociacias
Mmalros
ki,
isini
ukavSirdebian.
“Caterpillar”, romelic matlis garda, “gamomZalve-lis” mniSvnelobiTac gvxvdeba
marlosTan, sityvasityviT im abreSumis Wias niSnavs, romlisganac Semdeg pepela
viTardeba, anu, sword im metamorfozis SesaZleblobas Seicavs, romelzedac
leqsSi aris yuradReba gamaxvilebuli. EerTi mxriv, berebi is “matlebi” arian,
romlebic, “angelozisebr peplebad qcevisTvis dabadebulni, umankod afrindebian
RvTis samsjavroze” (“salxinebeli”, qeba X), xolo meore mxriv, - isini ubralod,
anaforaSi Cacmuli gamomZalvelebi arian (“caterpillar” marlos epoqis metyvelebaSi
xSirad ixmareboda, rogorc gaumaZRari, msunagi adamianis sinonimi). eliotis
leqsSi yvela es asociacia erTdroulad “muSaobs”, kontrasti ironiul efeqts
qmnis; berebi sulieri amaRlebisaken arian mowodebulni, magram isini sagnobrivi
realobis trfialisa da momxveWelobis morevSi arian Cafluli. ufro metic, am
realobas isini Tavad ganasaxiereben. M
Savad mosili mRvdlebis ironiul saxeebs leqsis mexuTe strofSic vxvdebiT.
isini ukve
“monaniebis
gzaze Semdgaran” da maT Soris yvelaze axalgazrdebs,
akneTi gadaserili wiTeli saxeebiT, xarbad aqvT muStebSi momwyvdeuli mrevlis
Semonawiri
pensebi.
daukmayofileblobis
akne
-
simbolo
mozardTa
–
hiperseqsualobisa
ganuxorcielebel
arSemdgar seqssa da unayofobas ganasaxierebs.
rogorc uazro askeza (origenes
da
sqesobriv
sqesobrivi
fantaziebs,
pirferuli TavSekaveba, iseve,
avtokastracia), leqsSi fuWi
Teologiuri
egzersisebisa da Teoriuli sityvaTmruSobis ironiul simbolos warmoadgens.
axalgazrda
mRvdlebs
“mravalZeTmoyvareTa”
aknec
maT
Teologiur
uunarobaze
mianiSnebs
–
axali Taoba winamorbedTagan arafriT ar gansxvavdeba.
asketizmTan dakavSirebuli ironia, marlos asociaciaTa planSic iRebs dasabams:
berebTan Sexvedramde, “maltel ebraelSi” itamori ekiTxeba Tavis batons, barem
mamaTa monasteric xom ar mogvewamlao, xolo baraba pasuxobs, rom berebi TviTon
moiklaven Tavs, roca gaigeben, rom monazonTa daxocviT, siamovnebis aseTi wyaro
movuspeTo. aq win wamoiwevs bermonazonTa pirferobis, moCvenebiTi saTnoebisa da
mruSobis motivi. eliotis es sakmaod pesimisturi, pirquSi ironiiTa da sarkazmiT
aRsavse leqsi, isec SeiZleba wavikiTxoT, rom amaRlebuli zneobrivi ideali
sadRac, taZarSi, ganyenebul freskazea warmosaxuli, xolo ukuRmarT realobaSi
ki
mas aRmaSfoTeblad vulgaruli suini scvlis. xsna amqveynad ar Cans -
faseulobebi Tavdayiraa dayenebuli, boroteba znedacemulo-bas ebrZvis.
leqsis bolos, eliotis parodiuli inseqtariumi (matlebi,
Wuprebi, peplebi,
abreSumis Wiebi) kidev erTi mniSvnelovani saxiT ivseba: taZari baRad gadaiqceva,
swavluli Teologebi – futkrebad, romlebic iseve dafrinaven Robis gaswvriv,
rogorc “momwodeblebi” - taZris vitraJebze. Teologebis “mwerebad” warmodgena
leqsis asociaciur saxeTa konteqstSi, uciloblad iwvevs ieronimus bosxis
cnobili suraTis, “gankiTxvis dRis” asociacias, sadac jojoxeTur qmnilebebad
da sulTa mtanjvel demonebad, swored mwerebi arian warmosaxuli. salxinebluri
simbolikis parodies, leqsis meeqvse strofSi vxvdebiT:
Under the penitential gates
Sustained by staring Seraphim,
Where souls of the devout
Burn invisible and dim.
“momnaniebelTaTvis
gankuTvnil”
baRis
karibWes
eliotis
leqsSi
“TvalebdaWyetili” serafimi darajobs, xolo Sig baRSi, codvilTa “morCili
sulebi, nel cecxlze uCinrad iwvian”, futkrebi ki ise dafrinaven warmosaxviT
yvavilebs Soris, rom “mamrobiTi” mtveri, “mdedrobiT” butkoebze ar gadaaqvT,
riTac TavianT “momwodeblur” (gamanayofierebel) funqcias ver asruleben da,
faqtobrivad,
fuWad cdebian, anu – “netarkurTxe-ul samsaxurs” aRasruleben...
Along the garden-wall the bees
With hairy bellies pass between
The staminate and pistilate,
Blest office of the epicene.
finali, sadac suinis banaobis scenaa warmodgenili, gansakuTrebiT StambeWdavia.
leqsis simboluri konteqstis mavalniSnadoba am saxeSi kulminacias aRwevs,
radgan is praqtikulad yvela simbolursa da asociaciur motivs aerTianebs.
suinis uSno tlinkaoba wyalSi, naTlisRebis parodiad aris warmosaxuli. mdinare
iordanes aq abazanis aqafebuli wyali scvlis, macxovris “umanko terfebs” ZonZroxa suinis lajebi, xolo freskaze gamosaxul macxovars, TviT xazgasmulad
xorcieli da mkafio ferebSi daxatuli suini ganasaxierebs. macxovari freskazea
gamosaxuli, misi “umanko terfebi” maradiul “axlaSi” brwyinaven, suinis “axla”
ki, dRevandel saganTa sinamdvilea, is fizikuri droisa da grZnobad-aRqmadi
realobis mkvidria. vulgarulsa da zneobrivad garyvnil samyaroSi presviterebma
“xorcad hqmnes” qristes groteskuli analogia: maTi wyalobiT, mrevls swored is
“RmerTi”
hyavs,
romelsac
is
imsaxurebs.
”daxvewil
skolaTa
magistrebi”-o,
momakvdinebeli ironiiT dasZens elioti, “winaaRmdegobrivni arian da mravalmxriv
ganswavlulni”:
The masters of the subtle schools
Are controversial, polymath.
kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiT, leqsis finali
freskis aRwerilobas, xolo misi
parodiulad imeorebs perujinos
damagvirgvinebeli sityva – pirvel, groteskul
saxes. Tu “polyphiloprogenitive”-s ironiul metaforikasa da sagangebod CaxlarTul
asociaciebs CamovacilebT, azrobrivad is swored “mravalmxriv ganswavluls”
(“polymath”-s)
gulisxmobs.
mdgomareobs,
rom
Mmagram
amgvari
“sakvirao
“operaciis”
wirvis”
Catareba
specifika
swored
SeuZlebelia.
Tu
imaSi
leqss
metaforikasa da asociaciur sirTules CamovaSorebT, wasakiTxi an aRsaqmeli
aRaraferi
dagvrCeba.
swored
aq
vlindeba
metafizikosTa
“maxvilgonivruli”
tradicia, romelic eliots azris ukiduresi koncentraciiTa da asociaciur
xatovanebaSi misi “gajerebiT”, Tvisebrivad axal safexurze ahyavs. es “gajereba”
eliotis
poeziaSi
zustad
im
etapzea
SeCerebuli,
sadac
azri
mTlianad
xatovanebaSi “ixsneba”, magram WurWlis fskerze naleqad ar gamoiyofa. sxvagvarad
rom vTqvaT, leqsis saTqmeli mTlianad mis asociaciur xatovanebad xorcieldeba,
uromlisodac am saTqmelis adeqvaturi aRqma SeuZlebelia: “calke aRebuli”,
araxatovani saxiT, is arc
arsebobs realurad.
TvalsaCinoebis mizniT, savsebiT
SesaZlebelia im masalis, romelsac poeti iyenebs (asociaciuri wyaro, nasesxebi
saxe, azri Tu “idea”), calke komentireba, magram leqsisPperifrazi, mTlianobaSi
SeuZlebelia; elioti arafers ar “gulisxmobs” – TviT leqsi, mTeli Tavisi
xatovanebiTa da asociaciuri sirTuliT, aris is, rasac poeti “ambobs”.