universidade t´ecnica de lisboa instituto superior t´ecnico

Transcrição

UNIVERSIDADE TÉCNICA DE LISBOA
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO
Lorem Ipsum Dolor sit Amet, sed do Eiusmod Tempor
Incididunt ut Labore et Dolore Magna Aliqua
Author’s Name
(Current Degree)
Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em
Engenharia Informática e de Computadores
Orientador:
Doutor Orientador
Presidente:
Vogais:
Reitor da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa
Doutor Um
Doutor Dois
Doutor Três
Doutor Quatro
Doutor Cinco
Doutor Seis
May 2007
Resumo
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut
labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco
laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in
voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat
non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Abstrat
Palavras Chave
Keywords
Palavras Chave
Lorem ipsum
Facere Possimus
Omnis Iste Natus
Nihil Molestiae
Omnis Voluptas
Magna Aliqua
Keywords
Lorem ipsum
Facere Possimus
Omnis Iste Natus
Nihil Molestiae
Omnis Voluptas
Magna Aliqua
Aknowledgements
Sed ut perspiciatis, unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam eaque ipsa, quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto
beatae vitae dicta sunt, explicabo.
Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit, aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed
quia consequuntur magni dolores eos, qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt, neque porro
quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum, quia dolor sit, amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non
numquam eius modi tempora incidunt, ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur?
Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit, qui in ea voluptate velit esse, quam nihil molestiae
consequatur, vel illum, qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla pariatur?
At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus, qui blanditiis praesentium
voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti, quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint, obcaecati
cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa, qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est
laborum et dolorum fuga.
Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio, cumque nihil impedit, quo minus id, quod maxime placeat, facere
possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet, ut et voluptates repudiandae
sint et molestiae non recusandae.
Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores
alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat.
Lisboa, August 27, 2007
Author’s Name
Quo usque tandem abutere,
Catilina, patientia nostra? Quam
diu etiam furor iste tuus nos
eludet?
Contents
I Lorem Ipsum
1
1 Lorem Ipsum
5
1.1
Lorem ipsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1.2
Sed ut perspiciatis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1.3
Ut Enim ad Minima Veniam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
1.4
Et harum quidem rerum facilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
2 Facere Possimus
7
2.1
Lorem ipsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
2.2
7
2.3
8
2.4
8
II Consectetur Adipisicing
9
3 Irure Dolor
13
3.1
Lorem ipsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
3.2
13
3.2.1
Ut enim ad minima veniam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
3.2.2
Et harum quidem rerum facilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
i
3.3
14
3.4
14
4 Irure Dolor
15
4.1
Lorem ipsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
4.2
15
4.2.1
15
4.2.2
16
4.3
16
4.4
16
III Cumque Nihil Impedit
17
5 Nihil Molestiae
21
5.1
Lorem ipsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
5.2
21
5.2.1
21
5.2.2
22
5.3
22
5.4
22
6 Nihil Molestiae
23
6.1
Lorem ipsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
6.2
23
6.2.1
23
6.2.2
24
ii
6.3
24
6.4
24
IV Expedita Distinctio
25
7 Omnis Voluptas
29
7.1
Lorem ipsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
7.2
29
7.2.1
29
7.2.2
30
7.3
30
7.4
30
8 Magna Aliqua
31
8.1
Lorem ipsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
8.2
31
8.2.1
31
8.2.2
32
8.3
32
8.4
32
V Appendices
51
A Commodo Consequat
53
B Glossary
55
iii
iv
List of Figures
A
Commodo Consequat
53
A.1 Soluta nobis est eligendi optio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
v
vi
List of Tables
vii
viii
I
Lorem Ipsum
Minim Veniam
1
Lorem Ipsum
Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit...
– Cerico
1.1
Lorem ipsum
1.2
Sed ut perspiiatis
beatae vitae dicta sunt, explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit, aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos, qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt, neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum, quia dolor sit, amet, consectetur,
adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt, ut labore et dolore magnam
aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam
corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum
iure reprehenderit, qui in ea voluptate velit esse, quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum,
qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla pariatur? At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio
dignissimos ducimus, qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti, quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint, obcaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in
culpa, qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem
CHAPTER 1. LOREM IPSUM
6
rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,
cumque nihil impedit, quo minus id, quod maxime placeat, facere possimus, omnis voluptas
assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis
aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet, ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus
maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat.
1.3
Ut Enim ad Minima Veniam
Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam,
nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit, qui in
ea voluptate velit esse, quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum, qui dolorem eum fugiat,
quo voluptas nulla pariatur? At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus,
qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti, quos dolores et quas molestias
excepturi sint, obcaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa, qui officia deserunt
mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga.
• quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt;
• cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio;
• quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint.
1.4
Et harum quidem rerum failis
Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis
est eligendi optio, cumque nihil impedit, quo minus id, quod maxime placeat, facere possimus,
omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus.
2
Faere Possimus
– Cerico
2.1
Lorem ipsum
2.2
Sed ut perspiiatis
qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla pariatur? At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio
dignissimos ducimus, qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti, quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint, obcaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in
culpa, qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem
CHAPTER 2. FACERE POSSIMUS
8
rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,
cumque nihil impedit, quo minus id, quod maxime placeat, facere possimus, omnis voluptas
assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis
aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet, ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus
maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat.
2.3
2.4
II
Consetetur Adipisiing
Ratione Voluptatem
qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla pariatur?
3
Irure Dolor
– Cerico
3.1
Lorem ipsum
3.2
Sed ut perspiiatis
aliquam quaerat voluptatem.
3.2.1 Ut enim ad minima veniam
CHAPTER 3. IRURE DOLOR
14
3.2.2 Et harum quidem rerum facilis
omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et
aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet, ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et
molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis
voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat.
3.3
3.4
4
Irure Dolor
– Cerico
4.1
Lorem ipsum
4.2
Sed ut perspiiatis
CHAPTER 4. IRURE DOLOR
16
4.3
4.4
III
Cumque Nihil Impedit
Laborum et Dolorum
At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus, qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti, quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint, obcaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa, qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum
et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore,
cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio, cumque nihil impedit, quo minus id, quod maxime placeat,
facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem
quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet, ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus,
ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores
repellat.
5
Nihil Molestiae
– Cerico
5.1
Lorem ipsum
5.2
Sed ut perspiiatis
CHAPTER 5. NIHIL MOLESTIAE
22
5.3
5.4
6
Nihil Molestiae
– Cerico
6.1
Lorem ipsum
6.2
Sed ut perspiiatis
CHAPTER 6. NIHIL MOLESTIAE
24
6.3
6.4
IV
Expedita Distintio
Omnis voluptas
7
Omnis Voluptas
– Cerico
7.1
Lorem ipsum
7.2
Sed ut perspiiatis
CHAPTER 7. OMNIS VOLUPTAS
30
7.3
7.4
8
Magna Aliqua
– Cerico
8.1
Lorem ipsum
8.2
Sed ut perspiiatis
CHAPTER 8. MAGNA ALIQUA
32
8.3
8.4
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Author Index
Aı̈t-Mokhtar, S., 33
Abowd, G. D., 33
Allen, J. F., 33
Allen, R., 33
Almeida, J. J. D. de, 33, 56
Antoni-Lay, M.-H., 33
Atkins, S., 33
Atkinson, K., 33
Badler, N., 44
Baker, C. F., 33
Bates, J., 39
Batista, F., 34, 48
Bel, N., 33
Bertagna, F., 33, 34
Bontcheva, K., 34
Booch, G., 34
Bouillon, P., 33
Branting, L. K., 34
Brew, C., 43
Broeder, D., 48
Buehring, W., 38
Busemann, S., 34
Busse, W., 34
Cahill, L., 34
Callaway, C. B., 34, 35
Calzolari, N., 33–35, 38
Carnagie Mellon University,
35, 55
Cassell, J., 44
Charoenporn, T., 38
Choukri, K., 35
Cieri, C., 35
Cognitive Science Laboratory,
P. U., 35, 58
Comrie, B., 36
Correia, M., 44
Costa, M., 36, 41
Cunningham, H., 36
Dale, R., 36, 45, 56
Daniel, B. H., 35
DARPA, 36
Declerck, T., 45
Deemter, K. van, 36
Doran, C., 34
Driedger, N., 37
EAGLES, 36
Elhadad, M., 36, 37, 56, 58
EuroWordNet, 37
Evans, R., 34
Fellbaum, C., 33, 37, 58
Ferguson, G., 33
Fillmore, C. J., 33
Francopoulo, G., 33, 37
FSF, 37
Gaizauskas, R. J., 36
Garlan, D., 33
Garrett, J. J., 37
Gentleware AG, 37
George, M., 37
Goldberg, E., 37
Gorin, R. E., 38, 56
Graça, J., 38, 41
Gradman, M., 38
Green, S. J., 36
Grishman, R., 33
Hagège, C., 38, 44
Heid, U., 38
Huang, C.-R., 38
Hunter, J., 46
Ide, N., 38, 45, 47, 55
IMDI Team, 39
Instituto Superior Técnico, 39
ISO, 39, 56
49
ISO/TC 37/SC 4/WG X &
ISO/TC 37/SC
3/WG 1, 39, 55
ITRI, 39
Jacobson, I., 34
Jing, H., 39
Joy, C., 38
Kantrowitz, M., 39
Kawtrakul, A., 38
Kay, M., 39, 56
Kittredge, R., 37
Knight, K., 40
Knott, A., 40, 42
Krahmer, E., 36
Kuenning, G., 38
Kukich, K., 42
Lang, R. R., 40
Langkilde, I., 40
Lavoie, B., 40
Lebowitz, M., 40
Lee, H.-Y., 38
Lenci, A., 33–35, 38
Lester, J. C., 34, 35
Levine, J., 45
Lewis, H. R., 40
Li, P. J. K., 38
Liberman, M., 35
Lowe, J. B., 33
MacLeod, C., 33
Macleod, C., 44
Maergaard, B., 40
Mamede, N. J., 38, 41, 42, 44,
45
Manurung, H., 40
Marques da Silva, M. L., 41,
56
AUTHOR INDEX
50
Massachussets Institute of
Technology, 41
Mateer, M., 41
Mateus, A., 41
Matos, D. M. de, 41, 42, 44, 45
McKeown, K., 39, 42
Medeiros, J. C., 42
Meehan, J. R., 42
Mellish, C., 34, 36, 40, 42, 45
Meyers, A., 44
Microsoft Corporation, 42
Milivojevic, S., 33
Milosavljevic, M., 36
Misra Sharma, D.., 38
MITRE Corporation, 41, 42
Monachini, M., 34
Mott, B. W., 34
Naught, J. M., 38
Neuman, B. C., 42, 56
Neuman, C., 46
Nguyen, T. B., 42, 43, 58
Nguyen, T. M. H., 42, 43
Nikkhou, M., 35
Norris, J. S., 43
Oberlander, J., 40, 42, 43
O’Donnell, M., 40, 42
Oliveira, L. C. de, 43, 45
OMG, 43
OpenAFS.org, 43
OpenLDAP Foundation, 43,
56
Pêgo, T., 48
Paiva, D., 34, 43
Palmer, M., 33
Papadimitriou, C. H., 40
Paprotté, W., 43
Paris, C., 36
PAROLE, 43
Paulo, J. L., 41, 44
Payne, T. E., 44
Pelachaud, C., 44
Pereira, J. D., 38
Pet, M., 37
Peters, W., 48
Pinto, U., 33, 56
Prevost, S., 44
Rambow, O., 40
Ramsey, N., 44, 57
Reape, M., 34
Reeves, R., 44
Reis Ângelo, 36, 41
Reiter, E., 40, 44–46, 56
Ribeiro, R., 42, 45, 48
Ritchie, G., 40
Robin, J., 37, 58
Romary, L., 38, 42, 43, 45, 55
Rumbaugh, J., 34
Schiller, J. I., 46
Schumacher, F., 43
Scott, D., 34
Shaw, J., 42
Silva Coheur, M. L. T. R. M.
da, 45
SIMPLE, 46
Sornlertlamvanich, V., 38
Sripada, S., 46
Steedman, M., 44
Steiner, J. G., 46, 56
Stent, A., 33, 46
Stone, M., 44
Sun Microsystems, Inc., 46
Takenobu, T., 38
TEI Consortium, 46
The Apache Software
Foundation, 46
Theune, M., 36
Thompson, H., 40
Thurmair, G., 33
Tigris.org, 46
Tipper, N., 34
Tolkien, J. R. R., 46
Trancoso, I., 45
Ts’o, T., 42, 56
Turner, S. R., 46
Véronis, J., 46, 47
Verspoor, C., 36
Villegas, M., 33
Vu, X. L., 42, 43
W3C, 47
Widenius, M., 33
Wilks, Y., 34, 36
Williams, S., 36
Willisson, P., 38
Wittenburg, P., 45, 48
Wittmann, L., 48, 55, 57
Wright, S. E., 48, 55
Yazdani, M., 48
Yu, J., 46
Zampolli, A., 33, 35
Zaysser, L., 33
Zeiton, E., 38
V
Appendies
A
Commodo Consequat
Figure A.1: Soluta nobis est eligendi optio.
54
APPENDIX A. COMMODO CONSEQUAT
B
Glossary
Este capı́tulo apresenta alguma da terminologia utilizada na dissertação. Alguns dos termos
apresentados resultam da tradução de termos utilizados na literatura internacional.
AFS Andrew File System ou Advanced File System (OpenAFS.org, n.d.; Carnagie Mellon University, n.d.). O Andrew File System é um sistema de ficheiros distribuı́do. Foi inicialmente desenvolvido na Universidade de Carnegie Mellon. O AFS apresenta várias vantagens sobre outros sistemas de ficheiros, particularmente no que respeita às áreas de
segurança e escalabilidade.
BRASILex Léxico monolingue e multifuncional para a variante brasileira da Lı́ngua Portuguesa (Wittmann et al., 2000). A colecção compreende cerca de 65000 entradas (lemas)
e os correspondentes 1600 paradigmas de flexão. O conjunto de entradas inclui palavras
compostas. Os paradigmas de flexão contêm informação relativa a clı́ticos e aos graus
aumentativo e diminutivo. A informação morfológica apresenta uma fina granularidade
e é conforme as recomendações EAGLES (catálogo: ELRA-L0034 BrasiLEX Brazilian Portuguese lexicon).
CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture, é uma arquitectura aberta e uma
infra-estrutura aberta que permite construir aplicações distribuı́das. CORBA é independente do produtor de aplicações, permitindo a interoperabilidade entre programas de
proveniências e ambientes diversos (OMG, n.d.a).
DCR Data Category Registry (Wright, 2004, 2002). A DCR é um componente do Linguistic
Annotation Framework (Ide, 2002; Ide & Romary, 2003) que contém um conjunto de categorias linguı́sticas definido formalmente (Ide & Romary, 2004).
DCS Data Category Selection (ISO/TC 37/SC 4/WG X & ISO/TC 37/SC 3/WG 1, 2004): subconjuntos de uma DCR que reflectem vários domı́nios temáticos e várias classes e funções
de categorias de dados. A figura ?? (página ??) apresenta a relação DCR/DCS.
GLOSSARY
56
Determinação de conteúdo Tarefa que decide que informação deve ser comunicada no documento de saı́da. Pode ser vista como o aspecto de conteúdo do planeador de documentos (Reiter & Dale, 2000) (§??, página §??). No contexto do projecto RAGS, esta designação
corresponde a toda a fase de planeamento do documento (§??, página §??).
DOM Document Object Model (W3C, 2002). O Document Object Model é uma interface neutra relativamente a plataformas ou linguagens particulares. Esta interface permite acesso
dinâmico ao conteúdo, estrutura e estilo de documentos que sigam este padrão.
Edite Sistema desenvolvido para aceder em linguagem natural a uma base de dados de recursos turı́sticos dos quiosques multimédia do INESC. O processo de acesso contempla três
etapas: (a) análise morfológica – através do JSpell (Almeida & Pinto, 1994) –, responsável
pela associação de informação morfo-sintáctica às palavras da frase; (b) análise sintáctica
(algoritmo de Earley), fase em que são geradas uma ou mais árvores sintácticas representantes da estrutura da frase; (c) análise semântica, onde é criada uma forma lógica
que exprime o significado da frase em tratamento. O sistema é multilingue, suportando
interacções em Português, Espanhol, Inglês e Francês (Marques da Silva, 1997).
FUF Iniciais de Funcional Unification Formalism (Elhadad, 1993a, 1993b). Formalismo de
unificação baseado no proposto originalmente por Kay (1979).
Função de correspondência semântica No contexto da arquitectura dos dados (capı́tulo ??,
página ??), função que traduz a semântica dos dados que fluem através de uma ligação
entre dois módulos em comunicação. Ver §?? (página ??), e definição ??.
ispell International Ispell é um programa interactivo para verificação ortográfica que suporta
várias lı́nguas Europeias (Gorin et al., 1971–2003).
Kerberos Protocolo de autenticação em rede (Steiner et al., 1988; Neuman & Ts’o, 1994). Está
desenhado para providenciar autenticação forte entre aplicações cliente/servidor através
de criptografia de chave secreta.
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (OpenLDAP Foundation, 2005) é um conjunto
de protocolos para acesso a informação organizada em directórios. O LDAP baseia-se na
norma X.500 (ISO, 1993), sendo, no entanto, mais simples e interoperável com protocolos
Internet.
GLOSSARY
57
LUSOlex Léxico monolingue e multifuncional para a variante europeia da Lı́ngua Portuguesa (Wittmann et al., 2000). A colecção compreende cerca de 61000 entradas (lemas)
e os correspondentes 1600 paradigmas de flexão. O conjunto de entradas inclui palavras
compostas. Os paradigmas de flexão contêm informação relativa a clı́ticos e aos graus
aumentativo e diminutivo. A informação morfológica apresenta uma fina granularidade
e é conforme as recomendações EAGLES (catálogo: ELRA-L0033 LUSOlex European Portuguese Lexicon).
m4 Processador de macros. GNU m4 possui funções internas para inclusão de ficheiros,
execução de comandos, aritmética, etc.
noweb Ferramenta de programação literária independente da linguagem de programação (Ramsey, n.d.).
OWL Web Ontology Language (W3C, 2004d). OWL é uma linguagem que permite a definição
de ontologias baseadas na Web para permitir a integração de dados e a interoperabilidade entre comunidades. OWL parte de RDF e RDFS e adiciona vocabulário para a
descrição de propriedades e classes: relações entre classes, cardinalidade, igualdade, entre
outros (W3C, 2004a, 2004e). OWL permite a definição de ontologias compatı́veis com a
arquitectura da Web, em geral, e com a Semantic Web, em particular.
Planeador de frases Designação alternativa para o micro-planeador (projecto RAGS).
Planeador de texto Designação alternativa para o micro-planeador.
RDF Resource Definition Framework (W3C, n.d.). RDF é parte da W3C Metadata Activity
(http://www.w3.org/Metadata/). O objectivo desta actividade, e do RDF em particular, é a produção de uma linguagem para o intercâmbio de descrições dos recursos da
Web. As descrições destinam-se a usos automáticos (W3C, n.d., 2004c, 2004e).
RDFS RDF Schema (W3C, 2004b). RDFS é uma extensão semântica do RDF, providenciando
mecanismos que permitem a descrição de grupos de recursos relacionados, bem como as
relações entre esses recursos. As descrições são escritas de acordo com RDF. Os recursos
são utilizadas para determinar as caracterı́sticas de outros recursos, tais como domı́nios e
gamas de propriedades.
GLOSSARY
58
SURGE Realizador de superfı́cie para Inglês (Systemic Unification Realization Grammar of
English). Uma apresentação do sistema é feita em Elhadad e Robin (1996).
vnACCMS Sistema que realiza tarefas de segmentação de palavras e etiquetação morfológica. O sistema utiliza o formato de representação para recursos linguı́sticos tal como
definido no âmbito do trabalho da equipa ISO TC37/SC4. Ver http://www.loria.fr/
equipes/led/outils.php (Nguyen et al., 2004a).
WordNet Léxico semântico para Inglês (Cognitive Science Laboratory, n.d.; Fellbaum, 1998).
XMI XML Metadata Interchange (OMG, 2002). XMI é um enquadramento para a definição,
intercâmbio, manipulação e integração de objectos XML. As normas baseadas em XMI
permitem a integração de ferramentas e repositórios (OMG, 2002).
XML Extensible Markup Language (W3C, 2001a) é um formato de texto, simples e flexı́vel,
derivado de SGML (ISO 8879) (ISO, 2001).
XSD XML Schema Definition (W3C, 2001e). Os esquemas XML expressam vocabulários partilhados e providenciam formas de definir a estrutura, conteúdo e semântica de documentos
XML. Ver www.oasis-open.org/cover/schemas.html.
XSLT XSL Transformations (W3C, 1999) é uma linguagem para transformar documentos XML.
A transformação XSLT descreve as regras para transformar uma árvore de entrada numa
árvore de saı́da independente da árvore original. A linguagem permite filtrar a árvore
original assim como a adição de estruturas arbitrárias.
Index
analisador morfológico
Amorfo, see Amorfo
ispell, see ispell
JSpell, see JSpell
SMorph, see SMorph
XA, see XA
arquitectura
HYLITE+ (sistema), 1
arquitectura modular
realizador de superfı́cie
SURGE (sistema), see
SURGE
JSpell, 56
LDAP, 56
LE-PAROLE, see PAROLE
Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol, see LDAP
Linguistic Data Consortium,
see LDC
lı́ngua
Espanhol, 56
Francês, 56
Inglês, 56
Português, 56
Data Category Registry, see
DCR
Data Category Selection, see
DCS
DCR, 55
DCS, 55
m4, 57
modelos de geração
geração profunda
PEBA-II (sistema), see
PEBA-II
PLANDoc (sistema), see
PLANDoc
EAGLES, 55, 57
POWER (sistema), see
entidade morfológica, see
POWER
unidade morfológica
modos de interacção
entidade semântica, see
monólogo
unidade semântica
PEBA-II (sistema), see
entidade sintáctica, see
PEBA-II
unidade sintáctica
POWER (sistema), see
General Lingware Open
POWER
System Environment,
Multext
see GLOSIX
GLOSIX, see GLOSIX
gerador morfológico, see
Multilingual ISLE Lexical
monge
Entry, see MILE
GNU m4, see m4
Open Database Connectivity,
INESC, 56
see ODBC
international ispell, see ispell
OWL, 57
ISO, 58
paradigma de flexão
8879, see SGML
fonético, see forma
TC37, see TC37
fonética
Java Database Connectivity,
gráfico, see forma gráfica
see JDBC
59
perfil do utilizador, see
modelo do utilizador
planeador de texto, see
micro-planeador
preferências do utilizador, see
modelo do utilizador
programação literária
noweb, see noweb
projecto
Multext, see Multext
PAROLE, see PAROLE
SIMPLE, see SIMPLE
RAGS, 56, 57
RDF, 57
RDF Schema, see RDFS
RDFS, 57
realização de superfı́cie
morfológica, see monge
recomendações EAGLES, see
EAGLES
SGML, 58
sistema
HYLITE+, 1
PEBA-II, see PEBA-II
PLANDoc, see PLANDoc
POWER, see POWER
SURGE, see SURGE
sistemas de tempo real
HYLITE+, 1
TC37
SC4, 58
tempo real, see sistemas de
tempo real
Text Encoding Initiative, see
TEI
XMI, 58
XML, 58
XSL, 58
XSLT, 58
60
INDEX

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