makavol 2010 - Ruidera - Universidad de Castilla

MAKAVOL 2010
Fogo Workshop
Reunião Internacional sobre Gestão de Risco Vulcânico em Ilhas
International Meeting on Island Volcano Risk Management
Reunión Internacional sobre Gestión del Riesgo Volcánico en Islas
PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS
Praia, Ilha de Santiago
Chã das Caldeiras, Ilha do Fogo
Cabo Verde
4/12/2010 - 9/12/2010
ORGANIZADO PELA · ORGANIZED BY · ORGANIZADO POR
Laboratório de Engenharia Civil (LEC), Cabo Verde
Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade de Cabo Verde (UNICV)
Serviço Nacional de Protecção Civil (SNPC), Cabo Verde
Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España
ACOLHIDO E SUPORTADO POR · HOSTED AND SUPPORTED BY · ACOGIDO Y APOYADO POR
EU Transnational Cooperation Program MAC 2007-2013
Ministerio das Infraestruturas, Transportes e Telecomunicações, Cabo Verde
Ministerio da Administração Interna, Cabo Verde
Ministerio do Ensino Superior, Ciência e Cultura, Cabo Verde
Ministerio do Ambiente, do Desenvolvimento Rural e dos Recursos Marinhos, Cabo Verde
Câmara Municipal da Praia, Ilha do Santiago, Cabo Verde
Câmara Municipal dos Mosteiros, Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde
Câmara Municipal de Santa Catarina do Fogo, Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde
Câmara Municipal de São Filipe, Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde
Câmara Municipal da Brava, Ilha do Brava, Cabo Verde
Universidade de Cabo Verde (Uni-CV), Cabo Verde
Instituto Nacional Meteorologia e Geofísica (INMG), Cabo Verde
Delegação da Comissão Europeia em Cabo Verde
AECID - Oficina Técnica de Cooperación Española en Cabo Verde
TACV - Transportes Aéreos de Cabo Verde
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), España
Cabildo Insular de Tenerife, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España
Fundación Canaria ITER, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España
Cartografía de Canarias, S. A. (GRAFCAN), Islas Canarias, España
Sociedad Volcanológica de España (SVE), Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España
Asociación Volcanológica de Canarias (AVCAN), Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España
Observatório Vulcanológico e Geotérmico dos Açores (OVGA), Portugal
MAKAVOL 2010 · FOGO WORKSHOP
PROGRAM
COMISSÕES · COMMITEES · COMITÉS
Comıssão de Honra · Committee of Honor · Comité de Honor
Presidente ·President · Presidente:
Comandante Pedro de Verona Rodrigues Pires
Presidente da Republica de Cabo Verde
Membros · Members · Miembros:
Eng.º Manuel Inocêncio Sousa
Ministro de Estado das Infrastructuras, Transportes e Telecomunicações
Dr. Lívio Fernandes Lopes
Ministro da Administração Interna
Dra. Fernanda Maria de Brito Marques
Ministra do Ensino Superior, Ciências e Cultura
Eng.º José Maria Veiga
Ministro do Ambiente, Agricultura e Recursos Marinhos
Dr. Josep Coll
Chefe de Delegação da União Europeia na República de Cabo Verde
Dr. Manuel José Villavieja Vega
Embaixador de Espanha na República de Cabo Verde
Dra. Graça Andresen Guimarães
Embaixadora de Portugal na República de Cabo Verde
Dr. Ulisses Correia e Silva
Presidente da Câmara Municipal da Praia
Dr. Eugénio Miranda Veiga
Presidente da Câmara Municipal de São Filipe
Dr. Fernandinho Teixeira
Presidente da Câmara Municipal dos Mosteiros
Dr. Aqueleu J. B. Amado
Presidente da Câmara Municipal de Santa Catarina do Fogo
Dr. Camilo Gonçalves
Presidente da Câmara Municipal da Brava
Dr. Antonio Correia e Silva
Reitor da Universidade de Cabo Verde
Eng.º António Augusto Gonçalves
Presidente do Laboratório de Engenharia Civil de Cabo Verde
Tenente-coronel Alberto Carlos Barbosa Fernandes
Presidente do Serviço Nacional da Protecção Civil
Dr. Joao Cardoso
Presidente do Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade de Cabo Verde
Dra. Ester Araújo de Brito
Presidente do Instituto Nacional da Meteorologia e Geofísica de Cabo Verde
Dr. Jaime Puyoles
Coordenador Geral da Cooperação Espanhola (AECID) em Cabo Verde
Eng.º Ricardo Melchior Navarro
Presidente do Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Tenerife, España
COMISSÃO ORGANIZADORA · ORGANIZING COMMITTEE · COMISIÓN ORGANIZADORA
Antonio Gonçálvez (LEC, Cape Verde);
Co-Chairperson · Co-Presidente
Alberto Fernandes (Civil Protection, Cape Verde);
Co-Chairperson · Co-Presidente
João Cardoso (DCT- UNICV, Cape Verde);
Co-Chairperson · Co-Presidente
Zuleyka Bandomo (LEC, Cape Verde);
Secretariat · Secretariado
Inocêncio Miguel José de Barros (LEC, Cape Verde)
Alberto da Mota Gomes (LEC, Cape Verde)
Jair Rodrigues (SNPC, Cape Verde)
Sonia Victoria (UNICV, Cape Verde)
2
Victor-Hugo Forjaz (Observatório Vulcanológico e
Geotérmico dos Açores, Portugal)
Zilda França (Universidade dos Açores, Portugal)
Nemesio Pérez (ITER, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain);
Co-Chairperson · Co-Presidente
Pedro A. Hernández (ITER, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain)
Gladys Melián Rodrígrez (ITER, Tenerife, Spain);
Secretariat · Secretariado
Jesús Ibañez (Instituto Geofísico Andaluz, Universidad de
Granada, Spain)
Elena González Cárdenas (SVE, Spain)
Fernando Raja (AVCAN, Spain)
MAKAVOL 2010 · FOGO WORKSHOP
summit crater of Pico do Fogo that could reflect increasing pressure and stresses caused by volcanic
activity. The thermal monitoring includes the use of an
IR camera to obtain thermal imaging in a yearly basis
as well as a monthly surface temperature survey with
tens of measurements allowing us to elaborate surface
temperature mapping and estimate heat flow output.
For thermal imaging a FLIR IR camera it is being used
for monitoring surface temperature anomalies in the
northern sector of the summit crater. During these
years, no significant variations have been detected,
both in extension and temperature values, ranging
from ambient temperature up to 170ºC in the fumarolic
field. Tens of surface temperature measurements are
performed monthly at 40 cm. depth, and the results
of these thermal measurements and observations
showed variations on the average surface temperature
survey values ranging from 32,1 to 77,6 ºC. Relatively
high average survey values had been observed during
the 2010 with respect to previous surveys. Estimates
of heat flow from the summit crater of the Pico de Fogo
were obtained by applying the technique described by
Dawson (1964), which allows to estimate the heat flux
at each observation site, and the statistical Gaussian
simulation. Estimated heat flow values from surface
temperature measurements at the summit crater of
Pico do Fogo showed a range from 1,8 ± 0,3 to 9,8
± 1,0 MW. This simple monthly thermal monitoring is
complementing the geochemical monitoring program,
both established thanks to the SpanishAID Agency
(AECID), and will be tremendously beneficial for the
volcano surveillance of Pico do Fogo volcano.
References: Dawson, G.B., 1964. The nature and assessment
of heat flow from hydrothermal areas. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys.
7, 155–171.
Geomorphosites, Volcanism and Geotourism:
the Example of Cinder Cones of Canary Islands
(Spain)
DÓNIZ-PÁEZ, J.1; GUILLÉN-MARTÍN, C.2 and
KERESZTURI, G.3,4, 5
1. Escuela de Turismo Iriarte, Universidad de La Laguna, Puerto de la
Cruz, Tenerife, Spain.
2. Cabildo de Tenerife, Güímar, Tenerife, Spain
3. Volcanic Risk Solutions, CS-INR, Massey University, PO Box 11 222,
Palmerston
North, New Zealand
4. Geological Institute of Hungary, Stefánia út 14, H-1143, Budapest,
Hungary
5Department of Geology and Mineral Deposits, University of Miskolc,
Hungary
[email protected]
Aim: the aim of this paper is to illustrate the volcanic
geomorphologic heritage of three monogenetic volcanoes based on the geomorphological and geomorphosite maps and their natural, cultural and use
values. Location: The Canarian Archipelago (Spain)
consists of seven islands located in the Atlantic
Ocean. The studied monogenetic volcanoes are the
followings: Pico Partido, (Lanzarote), Orchilla, (El Hierro), and Fasnia cinder cones (Tenerife). Methodology: is based on field observations, topographical and
geological maps and interpretation of aerial photos.
Results: these multiple volcanoes were generated by
various eruptions including Hawaiian and Strombolian
explosion, which makes these cones rich in volcanic
forms such as cones, craters, volcanic tubes, channels of lava, hornitos, spatter, lava fields (pahoehoe,
aa, blocks and balls), lava lakes, pyroclastic deposits
(bombs, escoriaceous, lapilli and ash), etc. The rich variety of volcanic forms constitutes the geomorphologi-
24
ABSTRACTS
cal heritage of these cinder cones. In the study area
different geomorphosites with an intrinsic or scientific
high value are recognized, but also with cultural and
economic value. The scientific value focuses on the
volcanic geomorphology, consequently for this reason
the cinder cones lay natural protected areas. Main
conclusions: volcanism can play an important role in
human communities. The volcanic forms constitute a
component of the cultural heritage of a territory (historical monuments, works of art, spiritual places, etc.). In
the cases of cinder cones studied important value for
the local population can be recognized, because the
Fasnia and Pico Partido are historical eruptions dating
from the 1705 and 1730-1736 eruptions. These volcanoes modified the previous natural and rural landscapes and the villages. On the Orchilla lava flows the
meridian zero was located, for this reason the volcanic
landscape was the most Occidental of Europe. In the
volcanic regions people visit volcanoes for a variety
of reasons, for example the fascination of being close
to the power of nature. The major economic benefit
of the monogenetic volcanoes is tourism, especially
the geotourims. The geotourists that visit the natural
protected areas should practise a sustainable and
responsible tourism, and use geo-hiking maps. This
kind of maps will only emphasise on the landscape
elements that the tourist can recognise and observe.
Key words: Volcanic geomorphologic, geoheritage,
geotourism, geomorphosite, geomorphological map,
geohiking maps, cinder cones.
Proposal of a Volcanic Geomorphosites Itineraries on Las Cañadas del Teide National Park (Tenerife, Spain)
GUILLÉN-MARTÍN, C.1, DÓNIZ-PÁEZ, J.2, BECERRARAMÍREZ, R.3 and KERESZTURI, G.4
1. Cabildo de Tenerife, Gümiar, Tenerife, Spain
2. Escuela de Turismo Iriarte, Universidad de La Laguna, Puerto de la
Cruz, Tenerife, Spain
3. Dpto. Geografía O.Territorio. Universidad de Castilla La Mancha,
Ciudad Real, Spain
4. Volcanic Risk Solutions, CS-INR, Massey University, PO Box 11 222,
Palmerston. North, New Zeland
[email protected]
Sun and beach tourism is the most relevant economic
sector in the Canary Islands (Spain).
Hiking tourism, which combines other activities with
the appreciation of volcanic landcapes, is today one
of the main economic activities of sustainable tourism
in several Canarian enclaves. Tenerife is the largest island of the Canarian Archipelago and is characterised
by a complex volcanic history. The construction of a
basaltic shield and a phonolitic composite volcano
represent the main features in the volcanic evolution
of the island. Both volcanic complexes are still active,
the first through two main rift zones and the second
through the Teide-Pico Viejo central complex. The
island of Tenerife is dominated by Las Cañadas del
Teide National Park (LCTNP). This area is a volcanic
paradise rich in spectacular forms: stratovolcanoes,
calderas, cinder cones, craters, pahoehoe, aa, block
and balls lavas, etc. The LCTNP receives more than
2,8 million tourists per year (2008) and it has 21 main
pahts and 14 secondary ones. The aim of this paper
is to propose a different geomorphosite itinerary in the
LCTNP, using for it the main net of pahts. These itineraries are based on geomorphological and geomorphosite resources. The methodology relies on different
aspects such as bibliographical research, aerial photos, topographical and geological maps and field sur-
MAKAVOL 2010 · FOGO WORKSHOP
vey. The geomorphological characters of LCTNP were
obtained out of the project Volcanic Seismicity at Teide
Volcano: recent volcanism (CGL2004-05744-CO4-02)
funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. The geomorphosite landforms are obtanined
from geomorphological maps with a triple evaluation
(scientific, cultural, socioeconomic and scenic values).
Three itineraries that represent the geodiversity and
singularity of the national park are attempted. The first
itinerary is developed on the path of Siete Cañadas
(16,6 kms. and low difficulty). The main landforms and
geomorphosites are the wall of Las Cañadas caldera,
talusees, foodplains, cinder cones and lava fields. The
second route is developed on the path of Teide-Pico
Viejo-Carretera Tfe 38 (9,3 kms. and extreme difficulty). The geomorphological elements and geosites are
stratovolcanoes, Pico Viejo crater, historical eruptions,
volcanic domes and pyroclastic and lava fields. The
third itinerary is developed on the Volcán Fasnia (7,2
and low difficulty). The main volcanic forms and geomorphosites are the basaltic monogenetic volcanic
field and historic eruptions.
TDL measurements of CO2 and H2S in the ambient air of the summit crater of Pico do Fogo,
Cape Verde
VOGEL, Andreas1; FISCHER, Christian1; POHL, Tobias1; WEBER, Konradin1; MELIÁN, Gladys2; PÉREZ,
Nemesio2; BARROS, Inocêncio3; DIONIS, Samara2
and BARRANCOS, José2
ABSTRACTS
ment are shown. For the measurement a TDL profile
of 45 m was set up at the main fumarole field of the
summit crater. Over a period of six hours an average
concentration of CO2 (1290.8 ppm without the local
background) and H2S concentration (7.85 ppm) are ascertained. During the measurement the weather conditions were sunny and the main wind speed in the
crater was very low (~ 1.3 m/s).The laboratory of the
University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf performed
together with ITER and LEC measurements of CO2
and H2S degassing from the summit crater of the Pico
do Fogo volcano in Jun 2009. An optical path of 45
m long was set up in and around the main fumarole
field at the summit crater. Over a period of six hours
an average concentration of CO2 (1290,8 ppm minus
the local CO2 background) and H2S concentration (7,8
ppm) were observed. During the gas measurement
field work the weather conditions were sunny and the
wind speed inside the summit crater was very low
(~1.3 m/s). These TDL measurements allow us to calculate the CO2/H2S molar ratio (Fig. 1) in the ambient
air of the summit crater (164) which is similar to the
calculated CO2/H2S molar ratio in 2007 (237) by means
of IR and electrochemical sensors. Taking into consideration that most of the CO2 emission rate from the
summit crater of Pico do Fogo occurs in a diffuse form
and the estimated CO2 emission was 147 ± 35 t·d-1,
it could be estimated that the H2S emission from the
summit crater of Pico do Fogo was ~ 1,3 t·d-1
1. Fachhochschule Düsseldorf, University of Applied Sciences, Dusseldorf, Germany
2. Environmental Research Division, ITER, Tenerife, Canary Islands,
Spain
3. Laboratório de Engenharia Civil, LEC, Praia, Cape Verde
[email protected]
In this abstract the elementary principle and applications of Tunable Diode Laser (TDL) measurement system and basic results of the detection of CO2 and H2S
emitted at the summit crater of Pico do Fogo volcano
are shown. Volcanic eruptive activity is primary driven
by degassing of magmatic material. This argument is
the major support to investigate volcanic degassing
before, during and long time after volcanic eruptions.
This volcano degassing can be measured in many
cases with classical measurement techniques at a
specific point or site of the volcano area of interest, but
in the case of poor accessibility to reach the measurement site the open path gas measurement technique
is the only one available to detect and measure these
type of degassing. In addition, the open path gas
measurement could be more representative than gas
measurements at a specific point or site. The TDL systems working in the near IR can be used for the detection and measurement of volcanic gases due to their
optical absorption. The operation wave length for CO2
is 1577.3 nm and for H2S is 1577.18 nm. TDL measurements have the advantage that volcanic gases can
be detected along a measurement path from ~10 m up
to 1000 m without implying grab sampling. Further advantages of the TDL systems are high sensitivity, high
specificity with negligible interference to other gas
species, fast measurement response ~ 1s, portable
measurement system, and low power consumption.
The laboratory of the University of Applied Sciences
Duesseldorf performed together with ITER and the
University of Granada measurements of defused degassing of CO2 and H2S on the summit crater of the
Pico do Fogo volcano at a campaign in May 2009.
In the following exemplary results of the measure-
Figure 1. Ratio between CO2 and H2S at a six hour measurement setup on the summit crater of Pico do Fogo, May 10th
2009 measured with Tunable Diode Laser
Chinyero, 100 Years of Silence: A Scientific-Historical Film Document for Education and Outreach on Volcanism in the Canary Islands
NEGRÍN, Sergio
Centrífuga Producciones S.L.U., Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
[email protected]
Antonio de Ponte y Cólogan was a historical chronicler and an exceptional witness of the last volcanic
eruption occurred in Tenerife, Chinyero 1909. His description of this important eruption, entitle “Historical
memory describing the Chinyero eruption occurred on
November 18, 1909”, is an ideal opportunity to make
a Scientific-Historical Film Document about this natural event. Chinyero volcano eruption does not stand
out not for the duration of the eruptive process (only
9 days) or by violence and devastation caused by the
lava flows. However, there are many other remarkable
25