Uma breve introdução ao R
Transcrição
Uma breve introdução ao R
Uma breve introdução ao R Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia 16 de março de 2013 1 Primeiras Ideias Uma calculadora de luxo: (10 + 2) * 5 ## [1] 60 Objetos: n <- 15 n <- 10 + 2 Ajuda? `?`(plot) Algumas operações úteis: x <- 1:30 seq(1, 5, 0.5) ## [1] 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 c(1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5) ## [1] 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 z <- scan() x <- 1:5 x[3] ## [1] 3 x <- matrix(1:6, 2, 3) x ## [,1] [,2] [,3] ## [1,] 1 3 5 ## [2,] 2 4 6 x[1, 2] ## [1] 3 x[, 3] ## [1] 5 6 1 2 Leitura de Dados Planilhas, etc. mydata <- read.table("data.dat") Internet: nba <- read.csv("http://datasets.flowingdata.com/ppg2008.csv", sep = ",") 3 3.1 Gráficos Funções básicas x <- rnorm(1000) hist(x) 2 100 0 50 Frequency 150 200 Histogram of x −3 −2 −1 0 x x <- 1:10 y <- rnorm(10) plot(x, y) 3 1 2 3 ● 2 ● y 1 ● ● ● ● 0 ● ● −1 ● ● 2 4 6 x 3.2 Funções mais elaboradas `?`(rnorm) `?`(rbinom) x <- rnorm(10) y <- rnorm(10) plot(x, y) 4 8 10 ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● 0 ● ● −2 −1 y ● ● −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 x Alterando algumas opções plot(x, y, xlab = "Ten random values", ylab = "Ten other values", xlim = c(-2, 2), ylim = c(-2, 2), pch = 22, col = "red", bg = "yellow", bty = "l", tcl = 0.4, main = "How to customize a plot with las = 1, cex = 1.5) 5 How to customize a plot with R 2 Ten other values 1 0 −1 −2 −2 −1 0 1 2 Ten random values demo(graphics) # Heatmap, exemplo (from flowingdata) nba <- nba[order(nba$PTS), ] row.names(nba) <- nba$Name nba <- nba[, 2:20] nba_matrix <- data.matrix(nba) nba_heatmap <- heatmap(nba_matrix, Rowv = NA, Colv = NA, col = cm.colors(256), scale = "column", margins = c(5, 10)) 6 Não deixe de conhecer o excepcional pacote ggplot2! 4 Gravação `?`(write.table) 5 Instalação de Pacotes install.packages() 7 TO BLK STL AST TRB DRB ORB X3PP X3PA X3PM FTP FTA FTM FGP FGA FGM PTS MIN G Dwyane Wade LeBron James Kobe Bryant Dirk Nowitzki Danny Granger Kevin Durant Kevin Martin Al Jefferson Carmelo Anthony Chris Paul Chris Bosh Brandon Roy Antawn Jamison Tony Parker Joe Johnson Amare Stoudemire Devin Harris Michael Redd David West Vince Carter Caron Butler Zachary Randolph Ben Gordon Stephen Jackson Dwight Howard Paul Pierce Al Harrington Yao Ming Jamal Crawford Jason Terry Richard Jefferson Deron Williams Tim Duncan Monta Ellis Pau Gasol Rudy Gay Andre Iguodala Corey Maggette O.J. Mayo Richard Hamilton John Salmons Ray Allen LaMarcus Aldridge Josh Howard Shaquille O'neal Maurice Williams Chauncey Billups Rashard Lewis Allen Iverson Nate Robinson library("fortunes") fortune() ## ## The only people who should use the assign function are those who fully understand why you ## should never use the assign function. ## -- Greg Snow ## R-help (July 2009) install.packages("onemap") Referência sobre o OneMap: Margarido et al. (2007). 6 Sites interessantes • http://cran.r-project.org/ • http://www.rseek.org/ Livros e apostilas: gosto muito de Dalgaard (2008), Matloff (2011) e Verzani (2001). Referências Dalgaard, P., 2008 Introductory Statistics with R. Springer, New York, second edition. Margarido, G. R. A., A. P. Souza, and A. A. F. Garcia, 2007 OneMap: software for genetic mapping in outcrossing species. Hereditas 144: 78–79. Matloff, N., 2011 The Art of R Programming. No Starch Press, Inc., San Francisco, CA, first edition. Verzani, J., 2001 simpleR – Using R for Introductory Statistics. Online. 8
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