Fabrice BERNARD summary aNNEXEs ThE
Transcrição
Fabrice BERNARD summary aNNEXEs ThE
summary The encyclopaedic part sub-basins ANNEXES edito Dear PIM friends, Encyclopaedic Atlas contributors and experts, we would like to present our best wishes for 2015, to you and your loved ones for a sweet and happy new year. Crédit photo: Louis-Marie Préau, PIM This year will probably be a sweet one, but certainly a studious one! The Atlas is progressing, its structure is now clarified, data is being compiled and the writing tools (online) are being finalised… Therefore the following months will provide new occasions for us to progress together on this wonderful collegial project. Since the previous issue, several improvements on this project should be reported: The visit of geographic experts from Sicily, Sardinia and the tyrrhenian sub-basin allowed to define operation procedures for the coming years (conventions, calls for tenders…), an inventory and a conservation strategy proposal were carried out during a Spanish sub-basin training session, and on-site operations helped to increase the amount of data in the database… Furthermore, the Steering Committee met in Florence last December to validate some strategic orientations and to determine the action plan for 2015. Photo V.Riviere2014 To be noted: the Atlas coordination team should be expanding in a few months with the arrival of Oriane Crouteix (CIFRE PhD student attached to the University of Limoge), who will contribute to the global coordination of the project and will also provide additional insight to our work… Once again, thank you all for your support in the production of this great internationally collaborative project! Fabrice BERNARD General coordinator / PIM Initiative summary N°2 / 2015 February summary steering committee Florence – 3rd of December 2014 The Atlas steering committee met on the 3rd of December 2014 in Florence’s magnificent Natural History Museum. A big thank you to Claudia Corti for welcoming us in this ideal place to reflect on the conservation of insular territories. The discussions focused in particular on the adjustment of the definitions of islands and clusters, which have been updated according to the various exchanges. These definitions are now definitely endorsed. Secondly, an improvement status overview of each sub-basins’ approach helped the members have the same level of information and consider leads to facilitate improvement. The following elements were presented in turn: the list of expert referents, cluster limits, the structuring of data acquiring methods. Sandro Strumia’s presence, invited for this occasion, also allowed to specify the contours of the Italy Mar Tirreno sub-basin clusters. The particular case of islands considered as “orphaned”, i.e. which are alone in a cluster because of their geographic isolation or because of their very distinct characteristics compared to their neighbours’, was also the object of discussions. It was decided to proceed only with the description of the territory with a cluster factsheet which will be more concise and therefore act as an island factsheet. 2 The encyclopaedic part N°2 / 2015 February The encyclopaedic part Finally, during the steering committee, discussions were also focused on the structure of the “encyclopaedic” part of the Atlas. The general structuring of the chapters was only slightly modified, however the contents have particularly evolved as a result of these rich and enthusiastic discussions. The updated plan of this part of the Atlas is available on this document (annexes). All suggestions are of course welcome, please contact us if you would like to contribute: [email protected] [email protected] 3. DES HISTOIRES BIODIVERSITE V4 — 28 janvier 2015 BIOGEOGRAPHIQUES MULTIPLES, GENERATRICES DE 3.1. La Méditerranée, un point-chaud mondial de biodiversité 3.2. Mise en place des flores et des faunes insulaires : aspects biogéographiques et évolutifs Panorama biogéographique de la mise en place des faunes et flores insulaires ouestméditerranéennes ATLAS ENCYCLOPEDIQUE DES PETITES ILES DE MEDITERRANEE OCCIDENTALE Origine des faunes actuelles de Mammifères sur les îles à partir des études de phylogéographie (F. Poitevin et al.?) A l'origine du peuplement des îles : de multiples processus de dispersion et de vicariance Quand les épisodes de crues favorisent la colonisation insulaire par les tortues terrestres ou d'eau douce Partie 1 - ENCYCLOPEDIE L'évolution des espèces en situation micro-insulaire Les Centaurées cendrées, un groupe micro-insulaire de plantes en pleine évolution en Méditerranée centrale 1. INTRODUCTION 3.3. L'unicité des peuplements micro-insulaires. Patrons de richesse spécifique d'endémisme (théorie de biogéographie insulaire, relations aire-espèce) 1.1. La parole à l’idéologie des PIM 1.2. Présentation générale de l’intérêt patrimonial des PIM (nature, culture), des usages économiques et des valeurs globales de ces territoires 2. ASPECTS GEOGRAPHIQUES ET ENVIRONNEMENTAUX 2.1. Le bassin ouest-méditerranéen au cours des ères géologiques et des grandes crises climatiques Aspects paléogéographiques et paléoclimatiques 2.2. Genèse et dynamique géologique des îles (A. Oueslati et al. ?) Origines continentale vs. océanique ; régressions, transgressions et insularité : des isolements fluctuants liés aux variations de niveau marin Dynamique paléogéographique des petites îles : cartes comparatives de l'insularité des Baléares de 20 000 BP. à aujourd'hui (J. Mayol et al.) Once upon a time there was an islet: detection of extinct or connected islets of Sicily from travel reports, historical cartography and toponyms (S. Pasta) Ferdinandea, Julia ou Graham ? : les soubressauts géologiques et diplomatiques d'une mystérieuse île à éclipses au sud de la Sicile (B. Fuligni ?) 2.3. Limites géographiques du bassin ouest-méditerranéen et des différents sous-bassins retenus 2.4. Présentation géographique générale des petites îles et des concepts retenus Le concept d’île : limite supérieure / limite inférieure et définition marine d'une île Iles artificiellement reliées au continent et îles artificielles Le concept de cluster Statistiques des PIM : nombre total et par pays / cluster, superficie, isolement et Endemic-focused analysis of floristic similarity: islands vs. islands, islands vs. nearby mainland (S. Pasta) Richesse spécifique, rareté et endémisme chez les papillons de jour des îles satellites d'Italie et de Malte (L. Dapporto?) Les peuplements herpétologiques : caractéristiques et originalités micro-insulaires (M. Cheylan, M. Delaugerre, C. Corti, V. Perez-Mellado) Influence de l'environnement ou de la paléogéographie sur la composition spécifique de divers groupes d'arthropodes d'îles italiennes (S. Fattorini?) Les petites îles, centre de diversification des végétaux du genre Limonium La relation superficie-richesse spécifique et "l'effet petites îles" chez les Crustacées Isopodes terrestres de Méditerranée (G. Gentile & R. Argano?) Distributions micro-insulaires des escargots terrestres endémiques des Baléares (J. Mayol et al.) 3.4. L'effet "petites îles" et les espèces spécialistes micro-insulaires Quand des Coléoptères très rares sur le continent deviennent surabondants sur les petites îles (P. Ponel) Des végétaux spécialistes de conditions micro-insulaires (F. Médail & E. Véla) La Nananthée, rarissime paléoendémique cyrno-sarde à distribution micro-insulaire (G. Paradis?) Adaptations des reptiles aux conditions micro-insulaires : aspects morphologiques, comportementaux, démographiques (M. Delaugerre, M. Cheylan, V. Perez-Mellado, C. Corti) 3.5. Fonctionnement des micro-écosystèmes insulaires Réseaux tropiques et dynamique des communautés terrestres Des interactions biotiques surprenantes mais fragiles (compétition, prédation et comportement anti-prédation, facilitation) Le défi de la pollinisation sur des îlots où les abeilles sont absentes (C. Pérez-Banon & Mª A. Marcos-Garcia?) La saurochorie, un moyen efficace mais méconnu de dispersion des plantes insulaires (A. Traveset?) Des rats et des geckos : interactions surprenantes ! (M. Delaugerre) L'arum mange-mouche (Helicodiceros muscivorus), une insolite insolence pour mieux se reproduire 2.5. Des situations climatiques originales 1 2 Direct access to the Annexes click herei 3 sub N°2 / 2015 February -basins sub-basins BALEARIC ISLANDS Joan Mayol (CAIB) Geographic referent clusters 7 Gabriel Bibiloni (independant expert) Island Fact Sheet North of Eivissa Ponent d’Eivissa Freus Mallorca to identify Cabrera-Migjorn de Mallorca Tramuntana de Menorca Migjorn de Menorca The clusters have been identified, but the islands which will be the object of factsheets still need to be identified. The strategy that will be used for compiling the available data into the database still needs to be decided. Work still needs to be done to find potential writers for this sub-basin. 4 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February Eastern Spain Geographic referent This sub-basin has not geographic referent anymore. clusters 10 Island Fact Sheet Cap Creus La Galera, Illa de Portaló, Illa de Cullaró, Illa s’Encalladora, Illa de la Maça d’Oros Mateua-Cala Ferriol-Pedrosa Illots de Cala Ferriol, Illa de la Pedrosa Medes islands Meda Gran, Meda Xica, Carall Bernat, El Magallot Delta of Ebre Punta del Fangal, Illa de Sant Antoni Columbretes Illa Grossa, Mancolibre, Ferrera, La Foradada Islets of La Marina Illa de Benidorm, Illa Mitgna, Illeta de L’Olla, El Descubridor, Portixol Tabarca Isla Plana, La Cantera, La Galera, Punta Falcón Mar Menor Isla Grossa, Farallón, Islas Hormigas South Murcia Isla Escombreras, Isla de las Palomas, Isla de Mazarrón, Isla Cueva de Lobos, Isla del Fraile Cape of Gata Isla de San Andrés, Los Terreros, Isleta del Moro The knowledge inventory and the compiling of the data were done in 2014 during Marie-Charlotte Gicquiaux’s training session. It is now necessary to designate another person in charge of the sub-basin due to the departure of Eduardo MÍnguez and to ask writers already considered during the 2014 training to contribute. 5 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February Atlantic Morocco Geographic referent contributors Abdeljebbar Qninba (Scientific Institute of Rabat) Hocein Bazairi (University Mohammed V Rabat) Mohamed Ibn Tattou (University Mohammed V Rabat) clusters 1 Island Fact Sheet Essaouira Firaoun and Djira Lakbira The list of islands has been finalised. As this sub-basin is relatively small and well known, the integration of the data to the PIM database will be done during the training session hosted by the University of Rabat. 6 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February ALBORAN Geographic referent Hocein Bazairi (University Mohammed V Rabat) Free Espinosa (University of Sevilla) Abdeljebbar Qninba (Scientific Institute of Rabat) contributors Mohamed Ibn Tattou (University Mohammed V Rabat) Javier Zapata (Autonomous Organisation of National Parks) clusters 4 Island Fact Sheet Gibraltar Perejil, Las Palomas South Alboran Cala Iris, Peñón Alhucemas, Isla Mar, Isla Tierra Cape of Trois Fourches – Chafarines Farallones, Congreso, Isabel II, Isla del Rey Alboran Alboran The list of geographic referents needs to be enhanced by the addition of Spanish experts (Juan Amar, Doñana National Park?) In order to support those in charge of the sub-basin’s island recording and the compiling of the data into the PIM database, a training session hosted by the University of Rabat will begin in March 2015. 7 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February ALGeria Eastern areas : Salah Télalia (University of El Tarf) Geographic referent Center areas : Riadh Moulai (University of Bejaia) Western areas : Tarik Mokhtari (Barbarous Association) Aissa Moali (University of Béjaia) contributors Olivier Peyre (Naturalia Environnement) Errol Vela (CIRAD) partners National Commissariat of the Coast, CNDRB, Ministry of Land Planning and Environment clusters 10 Island Fact Sheet Cape of Fer Islands and islets of Skikda Islands and islets of Taza-jijel Islands and islets of Bejaïa Islets of Reghaïa West islands and islets of Alger to identify Islands of Arzew Habibas - plane Beni Saf - Rachgoun West Algeria The final list of PIM islands needs to be validated. The islands that will be the object of island factsheets still need to be defined. Training: A short training session took place in 2013, providing a preliminary inventory of the sub-basin. In order to complete this work, the involvement of the East, Centre and West experts is required on several levels: surveying the islands and small islands on site and writing factsheets to contribute to the knowledge. For the events on the 22nd of May, the National Centre for the Development of Biological Resources and the National Coastal Commission provided the publication of an initial survey of Algerian coastal insular habitats. This document is therefore a valuable work base for the completion of this sub-basin. A partnership is currently being discussed so that this work and the Atlas can complement each other in order to obtain an Algerian strategy for the conservation of insular habitats. 8 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February NORTH TUNISIA Geographic referent Sami Ben Haj (PIM Initiative) Hichem Azafzaf (AAO) contributors Anis Zarrouk (APAL) Habib Ben Moussa (ANPE) clusters 3 Island Fact Sheet Galite archipelago + islets of Tabarka Galite, principal island Zembra archipelago Zembra, Zembretta Northeast coast of Tunisia (to be defined): Pilau, Plane, Cani islets, Fratelli, and Bizerte Cani, Pilau, Fratelli The list of islands has been finalised and validated. A knowledge inventory and an Atlas intervention strategy were done by Sami Ben Haj, the writing for the North Tunisian sub-basin is currently being finalised. Naturalist operations were carried out in the Zembra Archipelago updating the knowledge regarding avifauna (under the work done with Ridha Ouni (Consultant)), mamals and invasive plants were also the object of PIM operations in this archipelago in June 2014. 9 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February EAST TUNISIA Sami Ben Haj (PIM Initiative) Geographic referent Mohammed Chaieb (University of Sfax) Frédéric MEDAIL (IMBE) contributors Saba Guellouz (APAL) Habib Ben Moussa (ANPE) clusters 6 Island Fact Sheet Kuriat Archipelago Grande Kuriat Chebba - Madhia Chebba ? Kerkennah Archipelago Sefnou, Gremdi, Roumadiya, Gharsa Kneiss islands Kneiss, main island satellite islets of Djerba ? El Biban archipelago ? The list of islands is close to being finalised. An exploratory operation is planned in April on the small islands surrounding Djerba and potentially on the Kneiss Islands, to improve the level of knowledge regarding these islands. An operation in the Kuriat Archipelago is planned in order to complete last year’s surveys. 10 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February malta John Borg (National Museum of Natural History) Geographic referent Expert from MEPA (to be identify by M. Borg) clusters 5 Island Fact Sheet Comino and satellites Gozo Satellites Malta northeast to identify Malta southeast Filfla The clusters and the list of “PIM” islands have been identified, the work on the knowledge inventory and the intervention strategies still needs to be started. Even though the size of this sub-basin is relatively small, there is still a need to increase the group of experts contributing to the writing of this segment. 11 N°2 / 2015 February sub-basins Sicily Geographic referent Pietro Lo Cascio (Nesos association) Salvatore Pasta (CNR, Palermo) clusters 11 Island Fact Sheet SIWE = calcareous islets and stacks very near to the NW Sicilian coast (Trapani and Palermo provinces) + Stagnone di Marsala (W coast) + SIEG = calcareous islands, islets and stacks of Egadi Archipelago SINO = islets and stacks very near to the NOrthern Sicilian coast (mainly Quartz sandstones but also limestones and metamorphic rocks; Palermo and Messina provinces) SINE = calcareous islets and stacks very near to the NE Sicilian coast, mostly between Taormina (Messina province) SICI = volcanic islets and stacks very near to the Eastern Sicilian coast (CI = Ciclopi, Catania province) SISE = calcareous and marl islets and stacks very near to the SE Sicilian coast (Siracusa Province) to identify SISU = marl or gypsum islets and stacks very near to the Southern Sicilian coast (provinces of Ragusa, Caltanissetta, Agrigento and Trapani; SU = Sud) SIUS = Ustica volcanic island SIEO = volcanic islands, islets and stacks of Aeolian Archipelago SIPA = volcanic satellites of Pantelleria Island SIPG = calcareous and/or marl islands, islets and stacks of Pelagie (PG) Archipelago SINW2 = West side of the Northern coast Writing a scope statement for a supplier or partner to work on the inventory which will allow the compiling of the data for this relatively big sub-basin. 12 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February TYRRHENIAN ITALY Nicolas Baccetti (Ispra) Geographic referent Annalisa Santangelo (University of Naples) Sandro Strumia ( Second University of Naples) contributors Leonardo Tunesi (ISPRA) clusters 10 Island Fact Sheet Gaeta West Ponziane East Ponziane Islands Flegree and Napoli Peninsula Sorrentina Capri to identify North Cilento South Cilento Policastro South Calabria Discussions are underway with the various experts to update the PIM database with the data already collected. A convention is currently being written which will have to include ISPRA, the Napolitan universities and possibly the Tuscan Archipelago National Park in order to write this sub-basin segment while integrating the knowledge inventory and defining an intervention strategy. The convention will support the implementation of these tasks for the Mar-Tirreno and Mar Ligure basins. 13 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February Ligurian - Italy Nicolas Baccetti (Ispra) Bruno Foggi (University of Florence) Geographic referent Marco Masseti (University of Florence) Leonardo Tunesi (ISPRA) clusters 8 Island Fact Sheet Islands of Ponente Ligure Islands of Levante Ligure Coastal shoals of Livorno North Toscan Archipelago South Toscan Archipelago to identify Elba and satellites islets Piombino channel and coastal Maremma islets The islands which will be the object of factsheets still need to be identified and the database needs to be updated with the general knowledge already held by the geographic experts. As indicated previously, the work on this sub-basin will be supported by a joint convention with the Mar Tireno basin. 14 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February sardinia Gianluigi Bacchetta (University of Cagliari) Geographic referent Claudia Corti (University of Florence) Augusto Navone (MPA Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo) clusters 10 Island Fact Sheet Archipelago of fiori and island Ogliastra Serpentara Islands of south coast Isola Rossa di Teulada Archipelago Sulcitano Isola di San Pietro Iglesiente islands Pan di Zucchero Sinis islands Mal di Ventre Costa di Bosa islands / Riviera del Corallo islands / Archipelago of Asinara Asinara Archipelago of La Maddalena Isola Rossa di Trinità d’Agulto e Spargi Tavolarine islands Tavolara e Molara The Convention has been written and is currently being validated with the identified partners: University of Cagliari, University of Florence and the MPA of Tavolara. The list of islands was produced and is being integrated to the PIM database. 15 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February corsica Geographic referent Michel Delaugerre (Conservatoire du littoral) Yoann PETIT (CBN Corse) Laetitia Hugot (CBN Corse) contributors Guilhan Paradis (University of Corsica) Carole Piazza (CBN Corse) clusters 9 Island Fact Sheet Cap Corse Giraglia, Finocchiarola - Capense Revellata - Ile Rousse U Brocciu Gulf of Porto - Scandola Gargalu, Porri, Palazzinu -Orto Grande Gulf of Sagone A Botta - ?? Gulf of Ajaccio - Sanguinaires Mezzumare, Porro - Piana? Southest Corsica Bruzzi grande, Tunara grande Limestone islands of Bonifacio Faziò piccolo, San Antone - Cala Sciumare? Lavezzi - Cerbicales Lavezzu, îlot B, Toro grande, Cavaddu Vacca, Speduto gr, Pietricaggiosa, Folaca Gulf of Porto-vecchio - Fautea Roscana, San Ciprianu - Farina, Pinareddu? The list of islands that will be the object of factsheets still needs to be finalised. A preliminary training session supported by the Conservatoire Botanique and the Conservatoire du littoral took place in this sub-basin in 2014 allowing to get the knowledge inventory of this territory started. Another training session is planned for Corsica, supported by PIM in order to finalise the knowledge inventory and establish an intervention strategy. Based on this, the writing of this sub-basin segment will be able to get started. 16 sub-basins N°2 / 2015 February south france Geographic referent contributors Frédéric Médail (IMBE, Univ. Aix-Marseille) Marc Cheylan (CEFE-CNRS) Jo Harmelin (marine biologist) Patrick LELONG (Paul Ricard Institute) clusters 6 Island Fact Sheet Gulf of Marseille and Calanques Frioul, Riou - Château d’If Gulf of La Ciotat, Embiez, Cap Sicié Ile Verte, Embiez, Grand Rouveau - Bendor Hyères islands Port-Cros, Bagaud Maures coast Brégançon - îlot des Portes Esterel coast Les Vieilles - Lion de Terre Lerins islands St-Honorat, Ste-Marguerite A PIM/IMBE trainee created the knowledge inventory and the intervention strategy for this area in 2013. The contributors who will write the island and cluster factsheets still need to be precisely identified for this sub-basin. The writing of the first “pilot” island and cluster factsheets are underway, they can be used as examples for the other sub-basins. 17 N°2 / 2015 February structure january 2015 version ANNEXES V4 — January 28th 2015 ENCYCLOPAEDIC ATLAS OF SMALL WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS Partie 1 - ENCYCLOPAEDIA 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. The PIM ideology 1.2. General presentation of the benefits of Mediterranean small islands’ heritage (nature, culture), the economic uses and the global value of these areas 2. GEOGRAPHICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 2.1. The western Mediterranean basin throughout the geological eras and the great climatic crises (paleogeographic and paleoclimatic aspects) 2.2. Genesis of the islands, geological dynamics (A. Oueslati et al. ?) (Continental vs oceanic origins); regressions, transgressions and insularity: fluctuating isolation due to water level variations. Paleogeografic dynamics of small islands: comparative maps of the Balearics from 20 000BC to nowadays. (J. Mayol et al.) Once upon a time there was an islet: detection of extinct or connected islets of Sicily from travel reports, historical cartography and toponyms (S. Pasta) Ferdinandea, Julia or Graham? : The geological and diplomatic hiccups of a southern Sicilian island (B. Fuligni ?) 2.3. Geographical limits of the western Mediterranean basin and the different “sub-basin” identified 2.4. General geographical presentation of the small islands The concept of small island, inferior and superior limit and marine definition of an island Artificialy linked to mainland islands and the artificial islands. The concept of cluster. PIM statistics, total number of islands, number by country/cluster, surface areas, isolation. 2.5. An Original climatic situations 1 GREEN TEXT : updates since the last release / July 2014 N°2 / 2015 February ANNEXES 3. A TORMENTED BIOGEOGRAPHICAL HISTORY, GENERATING BIODIVERSITY 3.1. The Mediterranean, a worldwide biodiversity hotspot 3.2. Insular fauna and flora establishment: biogeographic and evolutionary aspects Biogeografical overview of fauna and flora establishment in the Western Mediterranean Origin of current mammal fauna on islands based on phylogeografical studies Origin of establishment on islands: several dispersion and vicariance process When floods permit insular colonization by turtle Species evolution on micro insular context The Centaurea cineraria, a micro-insular group of plants currently evolving in the central Mediterranean 3.3. The uniqueness of micro-insular populations, species richness pattern and endemism (Insular biogeografical theory and area-species relation ) Endemic-focused analysis of floristic similarity: islands vs. islands, islands vs. nearby mainland (S. Pasta) Specific richness, rarity and endemism of the butterflies on the satellite islands of Italy and Malta (L. Dapporto?) Herpetological settlement : caracteristics and insular originality (M. Cheylan, M. Delaugerre, C. Corti, V. Perez-Mellado) Environmental or paleogeographical influence on the specific composition of various groups of arthropods on Italian islands (S. Fattorini?) The small islands, a diversification center for Limonium gender The surface-specific richness relation and the “small island effect” on Mediterranean terrestrial isopoda (G. Gentile & R. Argano?) Micro-insular distribution of endemic terrestrial snails in the Balearics (J. Mayol et al.) 3.4. The “small island effect” and the micro-insular specialist species When very rare beetles on the continent become over abundant on small islands (P. Ponel) The plants specialists of the micro-insular conditions (F. Médail & E. Véla) The Nananthée, very rare micro-insular Corsican-Sardinian paleoendemic (G. Paradis?) Reptile adaptation to micor-insular condictions: morphological, behaviorial, and demographic aspects (M. Delaugerre, M. Cheylan, V. Perez-Mellado, C. Corti) 3.5. Insular micro-ecosystems fonctionnement Trophic network and terrestrial dynamic communities Biotic interactions that can be surprising but fragile (competition, predation and anti predation behaviour, facilitation) Pollinisation challenge on island where bees are absent (C. Pérez-Banon & Mª A. Marcos-Garcia?) The saurochory, a efficient but unknown mean of insular plant dispersion (A. Traveset?) Rats and geckos : some surprising interactions (M. Delaugerre) Helicodiceros muscivorus, an unusual insolence to improve reproduction 3.6. Naturalist exploration history of small islands Augusto Béquinot (1875-1940), a forerunner of biogegrafical studies of micor-insular flora Scientific harvest of the Violante cruise by captain Enrico ‘Albertis in 1875-1876 (R. Poggi?) Archduke Luis Salvator, an extraordinary researcher on western Mediterranean islands (J. Mayol et al.) Benedetto Lanza and herpetological knowledge of Italian and Corsican islands (C. Corti et al.?) First ornithological studies on small islands: Giacomo Damiani on Toscan Islands, Antonio Schembri in Malta. Lord Lilford and its cruise on Zara and Gloworm (N. Baccetti & J. Sultana ?) 2 GREEN TEXT : updates since the last release / July 2014 N°2 / 2015 February ANNEXES 4. SMALL ISLANDS AND HUMANKIND 4.1. First Holocene impacts of man and series of insular populations Pre-human and environment biodiversity The fabulous bestiary of extincted vertebrates of Tertiary era, a patchwork of gigantic and dwarf species (M. Massetti) How a paleo-ecological approach allow us to draw up the environment history of small islands? The Cavallu island case (Corsica) (Y. Poher et al.) First human impact on biodiversity Insulary terrestrial mamals of the Western Mediterranean, almost a renewal caused by human (J.A. Alcover?) Murex exploitation on islands in the Antic times 4.2. Island Stories: human occupation and activities, from Prehistory to Antiquity The mysterious prehistorical paints of Genovese Cave in Levanzo (Egades) Ancient navigation and insular colonisation routes Nessos, the island concept in ancient greek litteratures (J.-M. Kowalski ?) The legendary rediscover of the Phoenician cite of Mozia on San Pantaleo Island (Marsala, Sicilia) 4.3. Past human occupation, from the middle Ages to modern day A history of insular marginality (“marginal” populations, pirate or privateer hideouts, prison-islands, monastery-islands or hermit sanctuaries…) The extraordinary presence on Frioul Island of the first Rhinoceros in Europe The sad destiny of the Cabrera prisoners, forget soldiers of the Napoleonian military campaigns (1809-1814) (J. Mayol et al.) 4.4. Micro-insular diasporas Ponzian colonization toward other western mediterrnean islands « The Tabarchini’s », a singular history of an insular diaspora of Genoas in Tunisia, Sardinia and Spain (M. Longerstay?) 4.5. Feared territories or ephemeral eldorados Small islands, a shipwreck spot The Sémillante wreck on Lavezzi Islands Relegation lands Palmaiola Island, an assigned residence for the Grand duchy of Tuscany in XIX century. Ephemeral eldorado for current clandestine migrant Lampedusa, tragic stopover to Europe 4.6. The human and their interaction with natural resources Agricultur and traditional farming, fishing Kerkennah archipelago (Tunisia): ancient traditional fishing (M.S. Romdhane?) The insular Mediterranean goats, witnesses of ancient domestications (M. Massetti) Micro-insular vineyards and grapes: what specificities? Coral fishing around islands (J. Harmelin ?) Marginal uses of plants Picking and using the Stipa on the island of Espartar (Ibiza) The age-old pilgrimage to Frioul Island (Marseille), The Sponge of Malta, a strange “mushroom-plant” with magical powers, preciously guarded on Fungus Rock Popular traditions and uses of plants on Naples islands (R. Vallariello?) The dwarf palm-tree on Mediterranean small islands, past uses and current dynamics (F. Médail & S. Pasta) 4.7. Past micro-insular industries Granit quarry of Cavallo and San Bainzu Islands (Lavezzi archipielago, Corsica), an ancient industry back to the time of the Romans Bluefin tuna: L'exploitation du thon rouge: traditional fishing techniques When we used to delocalised pollutant industries on small islands, the case of Provencal soda industry in the XIX century (X. Daumalin ?) 3 GREEN TEXT : updates since the last release / July 2014 N°2 / 2015 February ANNEXES 4.8. Lighthouses of mediterranean islands Reinforce littoral colonization: the construction of lighthouses in Tunisia during the Imperial republic (1881-1920) (J.-C.Fichou?) 4.9. Mapping and naming the Small Islands Ancient maps and geographical knowledge of small islands Toponomastic research, how to name an island Corsican islands names, an necessary return to the roots? (R. Miniconi ?) 4.10. Insularity and religion : monastery, pilgrimage to islands or hermit refugees A little island hagiography 4.11. Literary, artistic and imaginary perceptions Artistic aspects of islands Alexandre Dumas’s story after his travel on La Galite in December 1846 Armand Guibert and his journey on Tunisian islands. The literary immaterial heritage of Port-Cros, a rich past still growing (F. Thurel et al. / PNPC) Small filmography of Mediterranean islands Paintings of Corsican islands (L. Hugot) The mysterious islands The 3 planesian islands (Pianosa, Saint-Honorat, Nuova Tabarca) the ancient greek or the mystery of the wandering islands. (P. Moret ?) Myth and legend about western mediterranean islands snakes The Gaiola islets malediction (Naples Gulf) Es Vedrà, the mysterious islands of Ibiza, a marketing symbol. 4 GREEN TEXT : updates since the last release / July 2014 N°2 / 2015 February ANNEXES 5. CURRENT CONSERVATION ISSUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES 5.1. State of knowledge Synthesis and general discussions of the Atlas part 5.2. Small islands, current sanctuaries for rare and endangered species of the Mediterranean coast General aspects Islands as loci classici (S. Pasta et al.) Cabbage, garlic, beet…: small islands, sanctuaries for cultivated progenitor plant species (F. Médail& S. Pasta) The islands, vertebrate sanctuary of emblematic but critically endangered species, the case of the hawksbill seaturtle Endemic lizard threatened by competitor impact coming from mainland or bigger islands (M. Cheylan et al.) The seabird species nesting on islands, the Procellariiformes. The key role of small Mediterranean islands for the conservation of the Yelkouan Shearwater (K. Bourgeois et al.?) The importance of small islands on Balearic Shearwater conservation (J. Mayol et al.) 5.3. Human populations and contemporary uses The agro-biodiversity of small islands: a relict position that should be promoted! Small islands, very sought-after paradises, privatized by millionaires… 5.4. Current pressures and impacts The different types of threats and their consequences Man and the herpetofauna of small Mediterranean islands (C. Corti& M. Cheylan) The critical state of the Ribbed Mediterranean Limpet on the western Mediterranean coastal rocks (F. Espinoza & H. Bazairi) The state of the “Sea Dates”(Lithophaga lithophaga) in Tunisia: between conservation and commerce The monk seal, a relictual species victim of human persecutions Critically endangered population, the case of “big Lizard” of Mediterranean islands The consecutive impact of artificially linked an island to mainland 5.5. Islands and global change Islets, peninsulas and sea levels changes (S. Pasta et al.) Global warming and coastal squeeze : which local adaptation for species Kerkennah archipelago (Tunisia), an extreme witness of water level variations throughout the geological history Lithophyllum pavement, a valuable indicator of sea-level variation 5.6. Biological invasions: a growing threat on insular biodiversity Biological invasion in marine habitat Lessepsian species impact on marine settlements, local economical consequences Exotic caulerpas, what impact 25 years after their arrival on Provence costs? (M. Verlaque et al. ?) Rats, rabbits, cats and other vertebrates introduced by humans, a bestiary that became undesirable 2000 years of coexistence between rats and seabirds on Mediterranean islands (L. Ruffino et al.?) Rats, rabbits and mice’s: when several introduced herbivores jeopardize in a combinative way the life circle of a very rare plant species (Medicago citrina) de Cabrera (L. Latorre et al.?) Island colonization by rats seen by Fred Vargas aka (Frédérique Audouin-Rouzeau) Podarcis Ciculus, a real threats for Mediterranean endemic species? (M. Cheylan et al.) The increasing impact of Taurentola Mauretanica on Euleptes Europa Ecological change caused by Yellow legged-Gull Exotic invasive plants The Carpobrotus « ecological success », succulent species coming from South Africa. Some new emergent threats ? Cryptic invasions, the threats caused by fungi and pathogenic viruses Invasive invertebrates Small islands can be considered as biological refuges in a ongoing globalization context? The Argentine Aunt, a newly established invasive species on Western islands (L. Berville ?) 5 GREEN TEXT : updates since the last release / July 2014 N°2 / 2015 February ANNEXES 6. CONSERVATION STRATEGIES AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES 6.1. Which type of knowledge for which type of management? Being a natural area manager on a small island The interest of ecosystemic approach to assess conservation status of an marine ecosystem : the case of Posidonia around small protected islands (S. Ruitton et al. ) 6.2. “Good practices” acquired in terms of management and administration of islands? Preserve entomofauna living in see leads and driftwoods (P. Ponel) Juridical status of Mediterranean islands, a fragmented representation (L. Emmanouilidou) 6.3. Management action for invasive and proliferating species The ecological restoration pilot operation on the island of Bagaud (E. Krebs & A. Aboucaya) Monitoring of Euleptes europea after a Carpobrotus eradication campaign (M. Cheylan & V. Rivière) Black Rat eradication on small islands, a protocol using both mechanical and chemical technics. (Lorvelec et al.?) 6.4. Scientific methods to be promoted for conservation (surveying sentinel islands, regular monitoring, standardized protocols) “Sentinelle” program, regular monitoring, standardized protocols How to protect insular biodiversity with less money? Osprey dispersion followed by GPS (F. Monti) 6.5. Biogeographical and evolutionary conservation approaches The necessity to maintain evolutive process (to conserve evolutive dynamics) and ecological process (to conserve initial ecological dynamic and specific ecological functions) The small islands, genuine « aircraft-carrier » for fauna 6.6. Strategic axes at Western Mediterranean scale Strategic axes on a Mediterranean level, determining the priorities in terms of knowledge improvement, establishing management measures and the implementation of concrete operations 6 GREEN TEXT : updates since the last release / July 2014 thank you to all the contributors of this newsletter Sami BEN HAJ, Céline DAMERY, Marie-Charlotte GICQUAUX, Frédéric MEDAIL, Vincent RIVIERE, Mathieu THEVENET Publishing Director Fabrice BERNARD graphic design Lélia CRASTUCCI contacts Mathieu THEVENET [email protected] www.initiative-pim.org
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