atmosferuli haeris xarisxobrivi mdgomareoba

Transcrição

saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministro
erovnuli moxseneba
garemos
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
2004 w.
moxseneba Sedgenilia saqarTvelos prezidentis 1999 wlis 25 ivnisis #389
brZanebulebis “garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxsenebis Sedgenis
wesis” safuZvelze.
moxseneba damtkicebulia saqarTvelos prezidentis 2005 wlis 22 dekembris
#960 gankargulebiT ”2004 wlis garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli
moxsenebis damtkicebis Taobaze”
dokumenti momzadda garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
garemos dacvis s/k institutis mier.
gamoqveynebuli masalebiT sargeblobisas sasurvelia wyaros miTiTeba.
2
sarCevi
winasityvaoba .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Tavi 1. atmosferuli haeri .................................................................................................................. 5
Tavi 2. wyali da wylis resursebi.................................................................................................. 8
Tavi 3. miwa da miwis resursebi........................................................................................................ 17
Tavi 4. wiaRi da wiaRiseuli............................................................................................................... 21
Tavi 5. mcenareuli safari .................................................................................................................... 23
Tavi 6. cxovelTa samyaro...................................................................................................................... 32
Tavi 7. radiaciuli mdgomareoba ....................................................................................................... 38
Tavi 8. garemoze fizikuri zemoqmedebis gansakuTrebuli saxeebi................................. 40
Tavi 9. wlis meteorologiuri pirobebis Taviseburebebi. bunebrivi
katastrofebi da stiqiuri ubedurebebi...................................................................... 42
Tavi 10. garemos ekologiuri faqtorebis SesaZlo gavlena
mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze ............................................................................................... 47
Tavi 11. ekologiuri faqtorebis gavlena kulturuli memkvidreobis
SenarCunebaze................................................................................................................................. 51
Tavi 12. daculi teritoriebi .............................................................................................................. 53
Tavi 13. erovnuli meurneobis garemoze gavlenis Taviseburebebi................................... 54
Tavi 14. qimiuri saSualebebi ................................................................................................................. 56
Tavi 15. narCenebi .......................................................................................................................................... 58
Tavi 16. teqnogenuri avariebi da katastrofebi........................................................................ 63
Tavi 17. saqarTvelos garemosdacviTi kanonmdebloba ............................................................. 64
Tavi 18. kontroli garemos dacvis sferoSi............................................................................... 68
Tavi 19. garemosdacviTi politika da saxelmwifo programebi ........................................ 69
Tavi 20. ekologiuri usafrTxoeba..................................................................................................... 72
Tavi 21. bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis ekonomikuri meqanizmebi ........................... 72
Tavi 22. garemosdacviTi saqmianobis dafinanseba........................................................................ 75
Tavi 23. garemos monitoringis sistema ........................................................................................... 79
Tavi 24. garemosdacviTi nebarTva........................................................................................................ 80
Tavi 25. saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba da saxelmwifoTaSorisi
ekologiuri problemebi ........................................................................................................ 81
Tavi 26. samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebi garemosdacviTi problemebis
gadaWrisa da ekologiuri usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis
saqmeSi............................................................................................................................................... 83
Tavi 27. garemosdacviTi ganaTleba da informaciul-saganmanaTleblo
saqmianoba ........................................................................................................................................ 85
Tavi 28. garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi .......................................................... 88
daskvnebi, prognozebi da rekomendaciebi ......................................................................................... 92
moxsenebis SedgenaSi monawile subieqtebi da informaciis wyaroebi............................. 96
3
winasityvaoba
“2004 wlis garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxseneba” SemuSavebulia “garemos dacvis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-14 muxlis me-3 punqtisa
da saqarTvelos prezidentis 1999 wlis 25 ivnisis #389 brZanebulebis
“garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxsenebis Sedgenis Taobaze”
Sesabamisad.
erovnuli moxseneba warmoadgens saqarTvelos garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
arsebuli informaciis Semajamebel dokuments, romelSic asaxulia qveynis garemos komponentebis mdgomareoba da garemosdacviTi saqmianobis Sedegebi.
2004 wels dRis wesrigSi kvlav idga garemos ZiriTadi komponentebis –
atmosferuli haeris, wylis, niadagis, agreTve florisa da faunis dacvis da
sxva problemebi.
saqarTveloSi garemos dacvis politikis globaluri kursis gansazRvris
procesSi aucilebelia im mizezebis gaanalizeba, romlis safuZvelzec warmoiqmna
garemos dacvis sferoSi arsebuli problemebi.
am
TvalsazrisiT
gansakuTrebiT
niSandoblivia
arastabiluri,
feTqebadsaSiSi viTareba qveynis calkeul nawilebSi, kerZod ki im regionebSi,
sadac kontroli garemos dacvis sferoSi sagrZnoblad Sesustebulia. aqedan
gamomdinare, problemur sakiTxebSi mudmivi zedamxedvelobisa da monitoringis
ganxorcieleba garkveul sirTuleebTanaa dakavSirebuli, rac uaryofiTad
moqmedebs qveyanaSi garemos dacvis problemebis droulad mogvarebaze.
winamdebare erovnuli moxsenebis Sedgenis mizniT saWiro informaciis
mowodebaSi garkveuli daxmareba iqna gaweuli qveynis TiTqmis yvela uwyebis
mier, ris safuZvelzec saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministros garemos dacvis s/k institutis specialistebma moamzades 2004
wlis garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxseneba.
cxadia, warmodgenili naSromi, qveyanaSi dRes arsebuli mdgomareobidan
gamomdinare, ver iqneba dazRveuli xarvezebisa Tu uzustobebisagan. moxsenebaze
momuSave jgufi gaiTvaliswinebs yvela im SeniSvnasa da winadadebas, romelic
xels Seuwyobs Semdgomi gamocemebis srulyofil momzadebas.
avtorTa jgufi
4
Tavi I
atmosferuli haeri
atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebas ganapirobebs rogorc teqnogenuri, aseve
bunebrivi damabinZurebeli wyaroebis funqcionireba.
teqnogenuri dabinZurebis wyaroebidan, “atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb”
kanonis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo aRricxvas eqvemdebareba mxolod e.w. “stacionaruli
wyaroebi”, romlebidanac ZiriTad mavne nivTierebaTa wliur gafrqvevaTa SesaZlo
maqsimaluri odenobebi aRemateba: mtverisa da WvartlisTvis – 10 tonas weliwadSi,
gogirdis dioqsidisTvis – 10 tonas weliwadSi, naxSirJangisTvis _ 100 tonas
weliwadSi, azotis JangeulebisTvis _ 1,5 tonas weliwadSi, naxSirwyalbadebisTvis _ 30
tonas weliwadSi.
zemoaRniSnulis garda, bunebaSi arsebobs sxva wyaroebic, romlebic intensiurad
moqmedeben atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebaze, romelTa gafrqvevebis Sefaseba aucilebelia, raTa meti sizustiT Sefasdes mavne nivTierebaTa jamuri gafrqvevebi. amitom
mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis sruli SefasebisTvis saWiroa, qveynis energobalansze
dayrdnobiT gaangariSebul iqnas calkeuli dargebidan atmosferul haerSi mavne nivTierebaTa dabinZurebis wyaroebis mier gafrqveuli mavne nivTierebaTa wliuri jamuri
raodenobebi (qveynis energobalansis monacemebi unda qveyndebodes yovelwliurad).
2004 wels aRniSnuli balansis ararseboba ar iZleva Sesabamisi sizustiT mavne nivTierebebis atmosferoSi gafrqvevaTa Sefasebis saSualebas.
saqarTveloSi atmosferuli haeri binZurdeba avtotransportidan, energetikuli
seqtoridan, samrewvelo obieqtebidan da soflis meurneobis dargebidan.
qvemoT mocemul cxrilebSi warmodgenilia mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevaTa raodenobrivi monacemebi, romlebic gaangariSebulia ZiriTadi saxelmZRvanelo dokumentebis
da IPCC-is da CORINAIR-is meTodikebis gamoyenebiT.
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros statistikis departamentis
informaciiT, 2004 wels qveyanaSi moixmareboda 450175 tona sawvavi, aqedan 290698 t.
benzini da 159477 t. dizelis sawvavi. am monacemebze dayrdnobiT gaangariSebul iqna
mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebi avtotransportidan.
avtotransportidan atmosferuli haeri binZurdeba azotis JangeulebiT, mcire
odenobiT meTaniT, aaon-ebiT (arameTanuri aqroladi organuli naerTebiT), naxSirJangiT,
gogirdis dioqsidiT, WvartliTa da naxSirorJangiT.
cxrilSi #1.1 Setanilia atmosferoSi mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis monacemebi
rogorc benzinze, ise dizelis sawvavze momuSave avtotransportidan.
cxrili #1.1
2004 wels avtotransportidan atmosferoSi mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebi
(aT. t/weliwadSi)
avtotransporti
momuSave
benzinze
dizelis sawvavze
sul
SeniSvna:
gafrqveul mavne nivTierebaTa raodenoba, aT. t/weliwadSi
azotis
gogirdis
naxSirJangeule aaon-ebi naxSirJangi
Wvartli
dioqsidi
orJangi
bi
7,267
23,256
127,907
0,581
0,175
932,559
5,582
8,772
19,935
3,190
2,393
511,602
12,849
32,028
147,842
3,771
2,568
1444,161
arsebul statistikur monacemebSi, qveyanaSi mTlianad moxmarebuli dizelis
sawvavidan avtotransportis mier moxmarebuli wilis uqonlobis gamo, dizelis
sawvavis moxmarebis mTliani raodenoba miekuTvna avtotransports.
5
rogorc cxrilidan Cans, benzinze momuSave avtotransportidan gacilebiT meti
raodenobis mavne nivTiereba gaifrqveva atmosferoSi, vidre dizelze momuSave avtotransportidan. sul avtotransportidan atmosferoSi gaifrqveva 199,058 aT. tona
mavne nivTiereba (naxSirorJangis gareSe).
atmosferos dabinZurebis mniSvnelovani wili modis energetikis seqtorze.
monacemebi atmosferoSi mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis raodenobis Sesaxeb energetikis seqtoridan Setanilia cxrilSi #1.2.
cxrili #1.2
2004 wels atmosferoSi mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebi (aT. t/weliwadSi)
energetikis seqtoridan
gafrqveuli
nivTierebebis
dasaxeleba
myari nawilakebi
naxSirJangi
gogirdis orJangi
azotis oqsidebi
aqroladi organuli
naerTebi (naxSirwyalbadebi)
energoresursebis wliuri moxmareba da gafrqveuli mavne
nivTierebani, aT.t/weliwadSi
Txevadi
bunebrivi
mazuTi,
navTi,
airi,
airi,
qvanaxSiri,
26,076
27,454
32,966
sul
1089,3
14,5 aT. t.
aT. t.
aT. t.
aT. t.
mln. m3
1,336
1,011
0,601
0,022
_
14,505
_
0,825
0,055
1,345
_
0,074
0,027
0,339
0,970
0,104
_
7,934
_
5,171
1,418
25,134
1,571
6,196
_
2,637
2,578
_
45,749
50,964
naxSirorJangi
25,530
64,878
88,457
83,913
2047,801
2310,579
SeniSvna: sul moxmarebuli bunebrivi airis raodenobaSi ar Sedis ss “azotSi”
araenergetikuli miznebisTvis moxmarebuli bunebrivi airis raodenoba; moxmarebuli
SeSis raodenobaze monacemebi ar arsebobs, xolo moxmarebuli dizelis sawvavis
raodenoba mikuTvnebuli aqvs avtotransports; moxmarebuli qvanaxSiris uqonlobis
gamo, sawyis monacemad miRebulia 2003 wlis monacemi 6%-iani namatiT, vinaidan
qvanaxSiris mopoveba bolo wlebSi saSualod 6%-iT izrdeba.
cxrili #1.2-dan Cans, rom atmosferos dabinZurebis didi wili modis aqrolad
organul naerTebsa (aon) da naxSirJangze, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT naxSirorJangs,
rogorc aramavne nivTierebas. sul atmosferoSi energetikis seqtoridan gaifrqveva
85,283 aT. tona mavne nivTiereba (naxSirorJangis gareSe).
cxrilSi #1.3 Setanilia atmosferoSi mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis raodenobrivi monacemebi mrewvelobis seqtoridan.
cxrili #1.3
mrewvelobis seqtoridan
warmoebuli produqciis
dasaxeleba
da misi raodenoba
1
qvanaxSiri, 8,0 aT. t
navTobi, 97,6 aT. t
atmosferoSi gafrqveuli mavne nivTierebebi,
aT. t/weliwadSi
naxSirnaxSir- gogirdis
azotis
meTani aaon-ebi
mtveri
orJangi
Jangi dioqsidi Jangeulebi
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0,040
_
_
_
0,225
_
_
_
0,042
0,004
0,004
_
0,643
_
6
1
bunebrivi airi, 10,9 mln/m3
navTobis gadamuSaveba, 37,5 aT. t
feroSenadnobebi, 104,7 aT. t
mineraluri sasuqebi, 98,8 aT. t
cementi, 424,6 aT. t
kiri,
12,8 aT. t
asfalti, 12,1 aT. t
daxerxili xe-tye, 69,4 aT./m3
fqvili, 136,7 aT. t
Saqari, 86,9 aT. t
Cai, 4,3 aT. t
yava, 0,482 aT. t
koniaki da arayi, 659,6 aT. dkl
Rvino, 2,7 mln. dkl
Sampanuri, 177,8 aT. dkl
puri, 100,4 aT. t
ludi, 4,8 mln. dkl
gafrqvevaTa jamuri
raodenobebi
SeniSvna:
2
3
_
_
_
0,012
_
_
0,119
_
5,719
_
0,800
_
0,272
_
0,832
_
0,750
_
0,512
_
0,043
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
0,019
_
_
_
9,106 0,054
4
_
0,022
0,004
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
0,03
5
_
0,003
1,226
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1,233
6
7
8
0,014
_
_
_
0,297
_
_
_
177,990
_
_
_
_
_
212,300
_
_
10,049
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
0,0002
_
_
0,991
_
_
0,021
_
_
0,002
_
_
0,804
_
_
0,017
_
0.239 2,7752 400,339
sawyisi statistikuri informaciis wyaro: saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
saministros statistikis departamenti, mrewveloba saqarTveloSi, statistikuri
publikacia, 2004, Tbilisi, 2005
cxrili #1.3-dan Cans, rom mrewvelobis seqtoridan yvelaze didi raodenobiT
atmosferoSi gaifrqveva mtveri (9,106 aT.t.), da aaon-ebi (arameTanuri aqroladi organuli naerTebi) – 2,7752 aT.t., xolo mTlianad mrewvelobis seqtoridan atmosferoSi
gaifrqveva 13,4372 aT. tona mavne nivTiereba (naxSirorJangis gareSe).
soflis meurneobis seqtoridan atmosferuli haeri ZiriTadad binZurdeba mesaqonleobis dargis mier.
monacemebi atmosferoSi mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis raodenobis Sesaxeb
soflis meurneobis seqtoridan Setanilia cxrilSi #1.4.
cxrili #1.4
soflis meurneobis seqtoridan
pirutyvis
saxeoba
msxvilfexa rqosani
pirutyvi
Rori
cxvari da Txa
sul
atmosferoSi gafrqveuli mavne
nivTierebebi, aT. t/weliwadSi
gogirdamiaki
aaon-ebi
meTani
wyalbadi
pirutyvis
raodenoba,
aT. suli
1250,7
23,526
0,382
3,118
117,673
483,9
804,9
0,620
2,338
26,484
0,139
0,187
0,708
0,237
0,571
3,926
_
_
117,673
SeniSvna: sawyisi statistikuri informaciis wyaro: saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
saministro,
statistikis
departamenti,
saqarTvelos
socialur-ekonomikuri
mdgomareoba, 2005, Tbilisi, 2005.
7
cxrili #1.4-dan naTlad Cans, rom atmosferos dabinZurebis mniSvnelovani nawili
modis msxvilfexa rqosan pirutyveze (144,699 aT. t/weliwadSi mavne nivTiereba).
cxrilSi #1.5 Setanilia monacemebi atmosferoSi mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis
jamuri raodenobis Sesaxeb ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtoridan.
cxrili #1.5
2004 wels ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtoridan atmosferoSi gafrqveuli
mavne nivTierebani
mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqveva
ekonomikis sxvadasxva
seqtoridan
avtotransporti
energetika
mrewveloba
soflis meurneoba
sul
atmosferoSi gafrqveul mavne nivTierebaTa raodenoba,
mricxvelSi_aT. t/weliwadSi, mniSvnelSi_%-Si
naxSirorJangis gareSe
naxSirorJangis CaTvliT
199,058 / 44,57
1643,219 / 35,71
85,283 / 19,10
2395,862 / 52,07
13,4372 / 3,01
413,7762 / 8,99
148,788 / 33,32
148,788 / 3,23
446,5662 / 100
4601,6452 / 100
rogorc cxrili #1.5-dan Cans, saqarTveloSi atmosferuli haeri yvelaze metad
binZurdeba avtotransportiT (44,57%), Semdeg soflis meurneobidan (33,32%),
energetikiT (19,10%) da bolos, mrewvelobiT (3,01%).
Tavi 2
wyali da wylis resursebi
saqarTvelo zedapiruli wylis resursebiT erT-erTi mdidari qveyanaa msoflioSi.
saqarTveloSi 26060 mdinarea, romelTa saerTo sigrZe 60 aTas km-s Seadgens. aqedan
Savi zRvis auzs miekuTvneba 18109 mdinare (70%), xolo kaspiis zRvis auzs – 7951,
rac saqarTvelos mdinareTa saerTo raodenobis 30%-s Seadgens. mdinareebis
hidrografiuli qseli araTanabradaa ganawilebuli saqarTvelos teritoriaze.
dasavleT saqarTveloSi mdinareTa sixSiris saSualo sidide 1,07 km/km2, xolo
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi – 0,68 km/km2.
2004 wlis Zlierma da xangrZlivma wvimebma gazafxuli-zafxuli-Semodgomis
TveebSi gamoiwvia wyalmovardnebi mdinareebze da maT Senakadebze: 26 maiss TianeTis
raionSi adidda ioris marcxena Senakadi. 9 ivniss kaxeTSi – gurjaanis, sagarejos,
Telavis da yvarlis raionebSi adidda patara mdinareebi da Releebi, ivnisis bolo
ricxvebSi Zlierma wvimebma aadida mdinareebi Sida qarTlSi, samcxe-javaxeTSi, svaneTsa
da raWa-leCxumSi, xolo agvistoSi – gurjaanis, lentexis, onis, dedofliswyaros,
lanCxuTis, qobuleTisa da onis raionebSi.
saqarTvelos calkeul mdinareTa saSualo wliuri xarjebi 2004 wlisaTvis
mocemulia cxrilSi #2.1.
8
cxrili #2.1
saqarTvelos calkeul mdinareTa saSualo wliuri xarjebi (m3/wm)
#
saSualo wliuri xarji,
m3/wm
427
68,0
43,2
22,0
128
44,0
184
12,5
7,55
22,5
27,2
7,16
16,5
51,9
50,47
127,1
187,2
14,10
7,010
17,25
1,657
3,291
0,501
9,863
1,293
0,352
1,195
22,53
11,615
51,35
mdinareTa dasaxeleba
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
rioni
cxeniswyali
texuri
sufsa
Woroxi
aWariswyali
mtkvari
TeTri aragvi
Savi aragvi
fSavis aragvi
qcia-xrami
maSavera
iori
alazani
xobi
Waniswyali
enguri
abaSa
Coloqis wyalSemkrebi auzi
md. kintriSis wyalSemkrebi auzi
md. aWyvas wyalSemkrebi auzi
md. yoroliswylis wyalSemkrebi auzi
md. barcxaniswylis wyalSemkrebi auzi
md. Caqviswylis wyalSemkrebi auzi
md. koxiswylis wyalSemkrebi auzi
md. joWoswylis wyalSemkrebi auzi
md. Warnalis wyalSemkrebi auzi
md. Woroxis wyalSemkrebi auzi
md. maWaxliswylis wyalSemkrebi auzi
md. aWariswylis wyalSemkrebi auzi (Woroxis
SesarTavamde)
31. md. mejiniswylis wyalSemkrebi auzi
12,94
SeniSvna: radgan saguSagoebze xarjebi izomeboda arasakmarisi raodenobiT, an saerTod ar
izomeboda, cxrilSi moyvanili monacemebi miaxloebiTi mniSvnelobisaa.
2004 wels mdinareebze: rioni, Woroxi, aWariswyali, mtkvari da aragvi,
wylianoba normasTan SedarebiT odnav naklebi iyo, xolo danarCen mdinareebze – 1550%-iT aWarbebda saSualo mravalwliur monacems.
2004 wels wylis resursebidan mTlianad aRebulia eleqtroenergiis warmoebis
seqtorisaTvis – 17890,22 mln.m3, sasoflo-sameurneo wyalmomaragebaze – 5,659 mln.m3,
melioraciaze – 591,298 mln.m3, wyali komunaluri da sayofacxovrebo daniSnulebiT –
368,944 mln.m3, zedapiruli wylis obieqtebSi Camdinare wylebTan erTad CaSvebulia
sul – 361,64 mln.m3 mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZurebuli wyali.
9
saqarTvelos mdinareTa wylis dabinZurebis monacemebi
2004 wels zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebis kontrolis mizniT, saqarTvelos
teritoriaze sul aRebul iqna 286 sinji 27 mdinaris 36 punqtis 48 kveTSi da 1
wyalsacavis 1 punqtis 1 kveTSi. Catarda 8437 analizi.
mimdinare wels saqarTvelos im mdinareebSi, sadac warmoebda dakvirveba wylis
dabinZurebaze, eqstremalurad maRali dabinZureba ar aRniSnula. maRali dabinZureba
aRiniSna erTxel, rodesac md. suramulaSi nitritis azotis koncentraciam Seadgina
0,222 mg/l (11 zdk).
Catarebulma analizebma aCvena, rom yvela mdinaris wyalSi gaxsnili Jangbadis
Semcveloba normis farglebSi iyo. Jangbadis biologiuri moxmarebis saSualo mniSvnelobebi ar aRemateboda normas. Jangbadis biologiuri moTxovnilebis maqsimumebi
aRiniSna md. vereSi – 11,08 mg/l (3.7 zdk) da md. suramulaSi – 5,7 mg/l (1.9 zdk).
amoniumis azotis saSualo koncentracia icvleboda 1-9 zdk-s farglebSi. misi maqsimaluri mniSvneloba 3,5 mg/l (9 zdk) aRiniSna md. vereSi. nitritis azotis saSualo
koncentraciebi zdk-s aRemateboda umetes mdinareebSi. misi maqsimaluri mniSvnelobebi
dafiqsirda md. suramulaSi, md. faravansa da md. mtkvarSi – 0,222 mg/l (11 zdk), 0,135
mg/l (6.7 zdk) da 0,111 mg/l (5.5 zdk) Sesabamisad.
zasn-is (zedapirulad aqtiuri sinTetikuri nivTierebebi) Semcveloba ganisazRvra
mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mdinareebSi, aq misi saSualo wliuri da maqsimaluri koncentraciebi ar aRemateboda zdk-s, md. maSaveras garda, sadac zasn-is
maqsimalurma koncentraciam miaRwia 0,20 mg/l (2zdk-s). rkinis saSualo wliuri
koncentracia ar aRemateboda zdk-s, misi maqsimaluri mniSvneloba aRiniSna md.
mtkvarze da man Seadgina 2,05 mg/l (4zdk).
navTobproduqtebi ganisazRvra aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mdinareebSi da dasavleT
saqarTvelos mxolod sam mdinareSi – barcxanaSi, kubiswyalsa da WoroxSi. aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos yvela mdinareSi, garda md. mtkvrisa, navTobproduqtebis saSualo wliuri
mniSvneloba normis farglebSi iyo. md. mtkvarSi navTobproduqtebis saSualo wliurma
koncentraciam Seadgina 0,063 mg/l (1.3 zdk) maqsimaluri mniSvneloba aRiniSna aseve
md. mtkvarze – 0,41 mg/l (8.2 zdk). md. barcxanasa da md. kubiswyalSi navTobproduqtebis saSualo koncentraciam Seadgina 0,077 mg/l (1.6 zdk) da 0,078 mg/l (1.5 zdk)
Sesabamisad. maTma maqsimalurma mniSvnelobebma md. barcxanaSi miaRwia 0,090 mg/l (1.8
zdk), xolo md. kubiswyalSi – 0,086 mg/l (1.7 zdk). md. WoroxSi aRebul iqna
mxolod erTi sinji da masSi navTobproduqtebma Seadgines 0,060 mg/l (1.2 zdk).
danarCeni damabinZurebeli ingredientebis saSualo wliuri da maqsimaluri
mniSvnelobebi ar aRemateboda Sesabamis zdk-s.
2004 wels md. kazreTulaSi aRiniSneboda wyalSi xsnadi spilenZis Semcveloba,
romelic zogjer aRemateboda mis zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentracias. mag. 2004 wels
Tebervlis monacemebis mixedviT, md. kazreTulaSi aRiniSna spilenZis Semcveloba 2
mg/l, rac zdk-s aRemateba 2-jer, xolo martis TveSi spilenZis koncentraciam miaRwia
6 zdk-sac (5.75 mg/l). aRsaniSnavia, rom md. kazreTulas erT-erTi damabinZurebeli wyaroa karieridan momdinare naJuri wyali, romlis pH xSirad meryeobs 2.5-3.5 sididis
farglebSi da Sesabamisad masSi spilenZis Semcveloba dafiqsirebulia 25-56 mg/l-is
farglebSi, rac 25-56-jer aRemateba zdk-s. aRsaniSnavia, rom rogorc md. kazreTulas,
aseve md. maSaveras SemTxvevaSi mZime liTonebis (maT Soris spilenZis) ZiriTadi masa
wylis pH-dan gamomdinare, imyofeba fskerul naleqebSi (fskerul naleqebSi spilenZis
Semcveloba zogjer eqstremalurad maRal koncentraciebsac aRwevs).
rac Seexeba md. maSaveras, dakvirveba warmoebda or wertilSi (kazreTulas
Cadinebamde da mis Semdeg 500 m-Si), masSi spilenZis Semcveloba ar aRemateboda zdk-s
(1 mg/l) da koncentracia meryeobda 0,15-0,35 mg/l-is farglebSi. aqedan gamomdinare,
aRsaniSnavia md. kazreTulas gavlena md. maSaveraze da Sesabamisad, fonis mdgomareoba
mis qveda nawilSi zogjer 2-3-jer izrdeba.
10
aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom spilenZiT md. maSaveras dabinZurebis xarisxi ar aris
maRali. iqidan gamomdinare, rom misi wylis xarji SedarebiT maRalia, adgili aqvs
ingredientebis ganzavebas, mdinaris pH-is maCvenebeli maRalia (8.2-8.3), rac iwvevs
mZime liTonebis daleqvis procesebs fskerul naleqebze.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos mdinareebi ZiriTadad dabinZurebulia azotis naerTebiT, zogierT SemTxvevaSi mZime liTonebiT (bolnisis raioni),
xolo Savi zRvis aWaris regionis mdinareebi – navTobproduqtebiT.
aWaraSi mdinareTa dabinZurebis ZiriTadi mizezebi calkeuli dasaxlebuli
punqtebis komunaluri Camdinare wylebi da am zonaSi ganlagebuli sawarmoo organizaciebis gamwmendi nagebobebis araefeqturi muSaobaa. ukve ramdenime welia, aRar funqcionirebs daba xulos biologiuri tipis gamwmendi nagebobebi, ris gamoc 2004 wels
200 aTasi kub. m. gauwmendavi wyali da masTan erTad 15 tona mavne nivTierebebi Caedineboda md. aWariswyalSi.
2004 wels imereTis regionis zedapiruli wylis obieqtSi CaSvebul iqna
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebi: Sewonili nawilakebi – 5,207 aT.t, Jbm – 2,498 aT.t,
navTobproduqtebi – 0,096 aT.t, manganumis ioni – 347,08 kg, qloridebi – 0,001 aT.t,
sulfatebi – 0,718 aT.t, amoniumis azoti – 72,313 aT.t, nitratebi – 234,039 aT.t,
nitritebi – 11,630 aT.t, szan – 2,291 aT.t.
wyalmoxmarebisa da wyalarinebis mdgomareoba
qvemo qarTlis regionaluri sammarTvelos monacemebis mixedviT, 2004 wlisaTvis
regionSi gamoyenebuli teqnikuri wylis raodenoba 740,557 mln.m3, xolo melioraciisaTvis – 93,669 mln.m3, brunviT wyalmomaragebaSi gamoyenebulia 230,246 mln.m3.
Sida qarTlis regionis garemos dacvis sammarTvelos monacemebiT regionSi
aRebulia 104,613 mln.m3 wyali, xolo CaSvebuli wylis raodenoba – 9,025 mln.m3.
raWis regionis sammarTvelos monacemebiT, mosaxleobis mier aRebuli wylis
moculoba aris 668,951 mln.m3 weliwadSi, xolo sawarmoo obieqtebis mier – 0,095
mln.m3.
guriis regionSi 2004 wels zedapiruli wylis obieqtebidan aRebul iqna 84,794
3
mln.m wyali.
samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi 2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi wyalaRebam Seadgina 18,0066
mln.m3, xolo wylis CaSvebam – 12,82 mln.m3.
kaxeTis regionSi 2004 wels wyalaRebam Seadgina 76,683 mln.m3 wyali.
aWaris regionSi 2004 wlis wyalmoxmarebis saxelmwifo aRricxvis monacemebiT,
wyalaRebam Seadgina 636 mln. 182 aT.m3, saidanac 6 mln. 936 aT.m3 miwisqveSa da 626
mln. 806 aT.m3 zedapiruli wylebia. mTlianad aRebuli wylis resursebidan 89,06%
anu 598 mln. 313 aT.m3 gamoyenebul iqna hidroenergetikaSi, 5,54% anu 25 mln. 950
aT.m3 gamoyenebuli iqna komunaluri da sayofacxovrebo miznebisaTvis, 5,4% anu 428
aT.m3 gamoyenebul iqna sasoflo wyalmomaragebisaTvis. 2004 wels regionSi sasoflosameurneo daniSnulebis savargulebSi tenis deficiti ar Seqmnila, ris gamoc
sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis rwyva ar Catarebula, Sesabamisad am miznebisaTvis
wylis resursebi ar gamoyenebula.
2004 wels avtonomiuri respublikis wyalsatevebSi organizebuli wesiT (gamwmendi nagebobebis gavliT an sakuTari sakanalizacio qselidan) wyalarinebam Seadgina 589
mln. 816 aT.m3, romelTaganac 22 mln. 125 aT.m3 anu 78,89% mdinareSi, xolo 5 mln.
919 aT.m3 anu 21,11% zRvaSi iqna CaSvebuli.
Camdinare wylebTan erTad am periodSi wyalsatevSi CaSvebulia 2592,1 tona mavne
nivTiereba, romelTaganac 780,8 tona anu 30,13% organuli naerTebia, 1801,3 tona anu
69,49% _ Sewonili nawilakebi da 10 tona anu 0,38% _ navTobproduqtebi.
2004 wels wina welTan SedarebiT wyalaReba regionSi gaizarda 14 mln. 735
aT.m3-iT anu 2,28%-iT, wyalarineba gaizarda Sesabamisad 6 mln.414 aT.m3-iT anu 29,6%11
iT. am periodSi wyalsatevebSi CaSvebuli iqna 670 toniT anu 20,54%-iT naklebi mavne
nivTierebebi, romlis meti nawili organul naerTebsa da Sewonil nawilakebze modis.
regionSi wyalarinebis dinamika wlebis mixedviT da misi maCveneblebi mocemulia
naxazze 2.1.
Camdinare wylebis arinebis dinamikis maCveneblebi
aT. m3
28044
30000
25000
22322
20000
15000
14000
13411
1996
1997
17570
17700
17933
1998
1999
2000
21630
18954
10000
5000
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
nax. 2.1
wylis xarisxi gansakuTrebuli saxelmwifo da saxelmwifo mniSvnelobebis wylis
obieqtebSi dabinZurebis wyaroebis miTiTebiT
md. mtkvarSi gaxsnili Jangbadi normis farglebSi iyo. Jangbadis biologiuri
moTxovnileba 1,5-2,5-jer aRemateboda zdk-s, azotis nitritis Semcveloba mdinaris
dinebis mimarTulebiT TandaTan izrdeboda da Tbilisi-rusTavis monakveTSi ukve 3-4jer aRemateboda zdk-s. aseTive tendencia SeimCneoda amoniumis azotze. mtkvris wyalSi zdk-ze maRali monacemebi aRiniSna q. gorTan, romelic TandaTan izrdeba 2,5-dan 4
zdk-mde. mtkvris wylis amoniumis azotiT dabinZureba gamowveulia soflis meurneobisa da komunaluri momsaxureobis wylebis CadinebiT, agreTve md. suramulas wylebiT,
sadac amoniumis azotis Semcveloba 5 zdk-s aRwevda.
q. Tbilisis midamoebis Tanamedrove landSaftSi, garda bunebrivi tbebisa da
mdinareebisa, mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs xelovnur wyalsacavs “Tbilisis zRvas”,
romlis sigrZea 8,75 km, udidesi sigane – 1,85 km, farTobi – 11,6 km2.
“Tbilisis zRva” samgoris sarwyavi sistemis regulatoria, warmoadgens qalaqis
mcxovrebTa dasasvenebel adgils, gamoyenebulia Tbilisis wyalmomaragebisaTvis, Tevzis
sarewad.
Tbilisis zRvasa da mis mimdebare teritoriaze xSirad adgili aqvs sakanalizacio qselebis dazianebis SemTxvevebs, kerZod sastumro “qarTlisa” da “akvaparkis”
mimdebare teritoriaze sakanalizacio qselebis gabidvnas. aRniSnuli teritoria Sedis
wyaldacviTi zolis farTSi, romelic gansazRvrulia 300 metris radiusiT. Sps
“Tbilwyalkanalis” gldani-naZaladevis raionis saavario samsaxuris operatiuli CareviT, avariebis SemTxvevebi likvidirebuli iqna. Tbilisis zRvis dabinZurebas fekaluri
masebiT adgili ar hqonia.
q. Tbilisis sazRvrebSi ganlagebulia ori bunebrivi tba: kus tba da lisis tba.
kus tbis garSemo Seqmnilia sportul-gamajansaRebeli da dasasvenebeli kompleqsi. tba ikvebeba miwisqveSa wylebiT da naleqebiT. kus tbis wyaldacvis zolebSi
garemosdacviTi moTxovnebis Sesrulebis mdgomareoba damakmayofilebelia.
lisis tba ikvebeba rogorc miwisqveSa wylebiT, aseve atmosferuli naleqebiT.
masSi samrewvelo da sayofacxovrebo wylebis Cadinebas adgili ar aqvs.
kaxeTis regionSi saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis wylis obieqtebs warmoadgenen mdinare12
ebi alazani da iori. regionSi ar arsebobs arcerTi komunaluri gamwmendi nageboba.
qalaqebis sakanalizacio wylebi gauwmendavad Caedineba mdinareebSi, rac iwvevs maTi
wylis xarisxis gauaresebas. gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareoba iqmneba zafxulis periodSi, rwyvis sezonSi, rodesac mdinareebSi sagrZnoblad iklebs wylis debeti. wylis
xarisxze agreTve uaryofiTad moqmedebs is garemoebac, rom regionSi mougvarebelia
nagavsayrelebis problema da mosaxleobis mxridan sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Cayra
xdeba mdinareebis kalapotSi.
gansakuTrebuli saxelmwifo da saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis wylis obieqtebis
xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi mocemulia cxrilSi #2.2.
cxrili #2.2
wyalsatevebis dabinZurebis xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi
6
Sewon.
nawil.
7
navTobproduq.
8
0,002
0,001
0,002
0,002
0,002
8,0
10,0
9,0
8,0
7,0
81,0
77,0
85,0
68,0
55,0
_
_
_
_
_
0,02
0,01
0,001
0,001
12,0
6,0
118,0
81,0
_
_
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,0
0,01
0,01
0,01
0,01
0,01
0,1
0,001
0,001
0,001
0,001
0,001
0,01
5,0
5,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
18,0
65,0
67,0
75,0
81,0
88,0
125,0
_
_
_
_
_
0,05
7,5
7,5
2,0
0,01
0,002
0,001
14,0
7,0
109,0
98,0
_
_
7,5
0,01
0,001
10,0
84,0
_
7,5
0,01
0,001
5,0
57,0
_
7,5
0,01
0,001
6,0
63,0
_
7,5
0,01
0,001
6,0
71,0
_
#
wyalsatevebis dasaxeleba
pH
amiaki
nitriti
Jbm
1
1
2
Savi zRva: (aWaris san. zoli)
- navsadguris mimd. terit.
- centraluri pliaJi
- mc. zR. midamoebi
- qobuleTi
- sarfi-kvariaTSi
md. Woroxi:
- zRvis SesarTavTan
- aWariswylis SesarTavTan
md. aWariswyali:
- xuloSi
- SuaxevSi
- qedaSi
- Woroxis SesarTavTan
md. Coloqi
md. barcxana
3
4
5
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
0,2
0,05
0,2
0,01
0,01
7,5
7,5
2
3
4
5
(zRvis SesarTavTan)
6
7
ardaganis tba
md. yoroliswyali
(zRvis SesarTavTan)
8
md. kubiswyali
(zRvis SesarTavTan)
9
md. kintriSi
(zRvis SesarTavTan)
10
md. dexva
(zRvis SesarTavTan)
11
md. Caqviswyali
(zRvis SesarTavTan)
saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros informaciiT, mosaxleobis xarisxiani sasmeli wyliT uzrunvelyofis mizniT, miuxedavad imisa,
rom qveynis sxvadasxva qlaqebsa da raionebSi yovelwliurad mimdinareobs wyalsadeni
sistemebis calkeuli saremonto-profilaqtikuri samuSaoebi, dasaxlebuli adgilebis
did nawilSi sruli moculobiT ver xorcieldeba wyalsadenis nagebobebis, milmdenebisa da gamanawilebeli qselebis gadaudebeli sruli kapitaluri SekeTeba da/an reabilitacia, sanitaruli dacvis zonebis mowyoba, sasmeli wylis xarisxis kontrolis
sauwyebo laboratoriebis organizacia da Tanamedrove mowyobilobebiTa da danadgarebiT uzrunvelyofa, am laboratoriebis uwyveti eleqtroenergiiT, saWiro raodenobis
13
qimreaqtivebiTa da qlorreagentebiT momarageba. zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebisagan
dacvis mizniT, Camdinare wylebis gamwmendi nagebobebis muSaobis efeqtianobisa da
gamtarunarianobis gaumjobeseba da sxva. aRniSnulis gamo, qveynis mosaxleobas sakmarisi raodenobis sasmeli wyliT uzrunvelyofisa da wyalmomaragebis sistemebis
sanitariul-teqnikuri mdgomareoba 2004 welsac aradamakmayofilebeli iyo.
2004 wels moqmedi 4714 sasmel-sameurneo wyalmomaragebis sistemidan 1169 iyo
centralizebuli.
moqmedi centralizebuli wyalsadenebis 44,9%-s (525) ar gaaCnda sanitariuli
dacvis zonebi, 28,7%-s (335) – gamwmendi nagebobebis aucilebeli kompleqsi, 76,2%-s
(891) – saqloratoroebi, 81%-s (948) – wylis xarisxis kontrolis sawarmoo laboratoriebi, xolo wyalsadenebis 68% ar iyo uzrunvelyofili aucilebeli raodenobis
qloris maragiT, ferxdeboda wylis momzadebis axali teqnologiebis danergva. milmdenebisa da gamanawilebeli qselebis amortizebulobis gamo xSiri iyo avariebi da dazianebebi. 2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi qveynis masStabiT wyalmomaragebis sistemebSi aRiricxa
7404 avaria da dazianeba. qveyanaSi 2004 wels, iseve rogorc wina wlebSi mosaxleobis
sasmel-sameurneo wyalmomaragebisa da sanitariis sferoSi ver moixsna iseTi ZiriTadi
problemebi rogoricaa: wyalmomaragebis sistemebis milmdenebisa da gamanawilebeli
qselebis dabali sanitariul-teqnikuri saimedooba, sasmeli wylis deficiti, sasmelsameurneo daniSnulebis wlebis anTropogenuli dabinZureba da sxva, ris gamoc qveynis
mosaxleobis didi nawili ver Rebulobda sanitariul-higienuri normebiT gaTvaliswinebuli xarisxiani sasmeli wylis raodenobas.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gamo, mosaxleobisaTvis miwodebuli sasmeli wylis
xarisxi arcTu iSviaT SemTxvevaSi ar akmayofilebda normatiul moTxovnebs da iqmneboda nawlavuri infeqciebis aRmoceneba-gavrcelebis saSiSroeba, rasac adasturebs
saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros saxelmwifo
sanitariuli zedamxedvelobis inspeqciebis mier 2004 wels qveynis mosaxleobisaTvis
miwodebuli sasmeli wylis xarisxze Catarebuli gamokvlevebi.
2004 wels 4714 moqmedi wyalsargeblobis sistemidan gamokvleuli iyo sul
1627, anu wyalsadenebis saerTo raodenobis 34,5%. 1169 centralizebuli wyalsadenidan – 810, rac am saxis wyalsadenebis saerTo raodenobis 69,3%-s Seadgens, xolo
3545 aracentralizebuli wyalsargeblobis wyaroebidan – 817, anu 23,0%.
yvela saxis wyalmomaragebis sistemidan saanalizod aRebuli iyo 44451 nimuSi,
m.S. centraluri wyalmomaragebis sistemidan – 41166, xolo aracentralizebuli wyalmomaragebis wyaroebidan – 3285 nimuSi.
nimuSebis saerTo raodenobidan 23576 nimuSi aRebuli iyo qimiuri, xolo 20875
sanitariul-baqteriologiuri gamokvlevebisaTvis.
qveynis masStabiT yvela saxis wyalmomaragebis sistemidan saanalizod aRebuli
44451 nimuSidan, 9603 (21,6%) ar akmayofilebda normatiul moTxovnebs. centralizebuli wyalmomaragebis sistemebidan aRebuli 41166 nimuSidan normatiul moTxovnebs
ar akmayofilebda 8359, anu 20,3%, xolo aracentralizebuli wyalmomaragebis wyaroebidan aRebuli 3285 nimuSidan, normatiul moTxovnebs ar akmayofilebda 1244 nimuSi,
anu 37,8%.
wyalsargeblobis yvela saxis wyaroebidan qimiuri analizisaTvis aRebuli 23576
nimuSidan normatiul moTxovnebs ar akmayofilebda 4763 nimuSi, rac qimiuri analizisaTvis aRebuli nimuSebis saerTo raodenobis 20,2%-s Seadgens.
maRali iyo wyalmomaragebis yvela sistemidan mikrobiologiuri gamokvlevebisaTvis aRebuli nimuSebis normativebTan Seusabamobis maCveneblebic, kerZod am saxis
gamokvlevebisaTvis aRebuli 20875 nimuSidan normatiul moTxovnebs ar akmayofilebda
4840 nimuSi (23,1%).
14
centralizebuli wyalmomaragebis sistemidan mikrobiologiuri gamokvlevebisaTvis
aRebuli 19185 nimuSidan normatiul moTxovnebs ar akmayofilebda 4064 (21,1%), xolo
aracentralizebuli wyalmomaragebis sistemebidan aRebuli 1690 nimuSidan normatiul
moTxovnebs ar akmayofilebda 776 nimuSi (45,9%).
2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi sanitaruli klasifikaciiT I kategorias mikuTvnebuli
wylis obieqtebidan (romlebic gamoiyeneba sasmel-sameurneo miznebisaTvis: centralizebuli an aracentralizebuli sasmel-sameurneo wyalmomaragebis wyarod, kvebis mrewvelobis sawarmoebis wyalmomaragebisaTvis) sanitariul-qimiur maCveneblebze gamokvleuli iyo 451 nimuSi, romelTagan 182 (40,4%) ar Seesabameboda higienur moTxovnebs.
mavne qimiur nivTierebebis Semcvelobaze gamokvleuli 166 nimuSidan higienur moTxovnebs ar pasuxobda 130 (78,3%) sinji. sanitariul-baqteriologiur maCveneblebze
gamokvleuli 195 nimuSidan 137 nimuSi (70,3%) ar pasuxobda higienur moTxovnebs.
II kategorias mikuTvnebuli wylis obieqtebidan (romlebic gamoiyeneba kulturul-sayofacxovrebo miznebisaTvis: mosaxleobis banaobis, sportisa da dasvenebisaTvis,
agreTve wylis obieqtebi dasaxlebuli punqtebis farglebSi) sanitariul-baqteriologiur maCveneblebze gamokvleuli 213 nimuSidan 152 (71,4%) ar Seesabameboda higienur
moTxovnebs.
rac Seexeba Savi zRvis sanapiro wylebis (mosaxleobis wyalsargeblobis raionebSi) laboratoriul kontrols, sanitariul-qimiur maCveneblebze gamokvleuli 160
nimuSidan 50 (31,3%) ar Seesabameboda higienur moTxovnebs, xolo mavne qimiuri nivTierebebis Semcvelobaze gamokvleuli 132 nimuSidan 33 nimuSSi (25%) qimiuri damabinZureblebis Semcveloba aRemateboda Sesabamisi mavne nivTierebis zdk-s, xolo mikrobiologiur maCveneblebze gamokvleuli 152 nimuSidan 145 (95,4%) ar pasuxobda higienur
moTxovnebs.
miwisqveSa wylebis saerTo mdgomareoba
saqarTvelos teritoriaze daZiebuli miwisqveSa mtknari sasmeli wylebis saerTo
moculoba aRwevs 135 m3/wm.
miwisqveSa hidrosferos monitoringis programis Zalze mwiri dafinansebis gamo
2004 wels geologiis departamentis mier ganxorcielda mxolod erTjeradi hidromonitoringuli kvlevebi wyaltubosa da kolxeTis arteziul auzebSi, ramac gamoavlina
regionSi gruntis wylebis gaWuWyianeba amoniumiT, rasac adasturebs Waladidis, leses,
senakisa da kapitnaris ubnebze dasinjuli dasakvirvebeli WaburRilis monacemebi. cnobilia, rom kolxeTis dablobi mTlianobaSi iTvleba hidrogeoekologiurad daZabul
regionad; aq funqcionirebs wyalsaRebebis farTo qseli, sadac mravalgzis aris dadasturebuli ekologiuri balansis darRvevis faqtebi, rac gamowveulia wyalSemcveli
horizontebis bunebrivi daucvelobiT, maTi araRrma ganlagebiT da zedapirul CamonadenebTan mWidro hidravlikuri kavSiriT; wyalsaRebebze sanitaruli dacvis zonebis aradamakmayofilebeli mdgomareoba, sxva teqnogenuri faqtorebis zemoqmedebasTan erTad,
Zlier zrdis sasmeli wylis dabinZurebis saSiSroebas. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, aucilebelia hidromonitoringuli samuSaoebis programuli dafinanseba Tundac aucilebeli
minimumis doneze, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes miwisqveSa wylebis xarisxis cvalebadobaze
monacemebis miReba dinamikaSi (yovelwliur da mravalwlian WrilSi), ris Sedegadac
SesaZlebeli gaxdeba dabinZurebis konkretuli kerebis dadgena da racionaluri damcavi
RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba.
kolxeTis dablobze miwisqveSa wylebis bazaze moqmedi centralizebuli wyalmomarageba-wyalaRebi nagebobebis absoluturi umravlesoba sanapiro wyalaRebis tipisaa anu
warmoadgens mdinareuli terasebis farglebSi ganlagebul saeqspluatacio WaburRilebs da galereebis sistemas, romlis saSualebiT xorcieldeba ZiriTadad Tanamedrove
aluviuri naleqebis wyalSemcvleli horizontebis eqspluatacia. cnobilia, rom swored es horizontebi Zalze sustad aris daculi dabinZurebis anTropogenuli da
15
bunebrivi faqtorebis zemoqmedebisagan. amis mizezi aris aluviuri gruntis wylebis
araRrma ganlageba da zemodan saimedo Tixa-Tixnaris ararseboba.
qvemo qarTlSi sakmaod maRalia miwisqveSa wylis resursebis wili (50%-ze meti),
rasac teritoriis geologiuri agebuleba ganapirobebs. gomareTis, TrialeTis, walkis,
loris da sxva maRali platoebis bazalturi lavas safaris mTlianoba, kontinenturi
havis pirobebSi Zlier darRveulia. Tovlisa da wvimis wylebi Caedinebian am napralebSi
da warmoqmnian miwisqveSa wylebis mZlavr horizonts. amitom sakvlevi teritoria
mdidaria wyaroebiT, romlebic asazrdoeben md. qcia-xramis sistemas da metnaklebad
aregulireben mis wylianobis reJims.
Tbilisi wyalmomaragebas awarmoebs 6 miwisqveSa wyaros meSveobiT: nataxtaris,
bulaCauris, warCinataxtaris, jvarercis, muxmanisa da saguramos. Tbilisis Termuli
wylebis sabadoze ganlagebulia 6 WaburRili.
Savi zRvis ekosistemis saerTo mdgomareoba
Savi zRvis, rogorc ekosistemis, erT-erT umniSvnelovanes problemas evTrofikacia warmoadgens, ris gamoc mkveTrad Semcirda zRvis cocxali resursebis produqtiuloba, rac Tavis mxriv uaryofiTad moqmedebs saqarTvelos, rogorc Savi zRvis
qveynis ekonomikaze, rac regionis resursul bazasa da mosaxleobis socialur mdgomareobaze aisaxeba.
gauwmendavi Camdinare wylebi zRvis Zlier mikrobiologiur dabinZurebas iwveven.
amgvari mdgomareoba uSualo safrTxes uqmnis mosaxleobis da damsveneblebis janmrTelobas, xolo sxva mraval faqtorTan erTad, uaryofiTad moqmedebs turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebze da uaryofiT reputacias uqmnis saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTs
da mis mdidar rekreaciul resursebs.
saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTis didi (enguri, rioni da Woroxi, es ukanaskneli
transsasazRvro mdinarea), saSualo da mcire mdinareebi xmeleTze ganlagebuli wertilovani da difuziuri wyaroebidan zRvis dabinZurebis mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgenen. maTi meSveobiT qalaqebis da dasaxlebuli punqtebis teritoriebidan Sav zRvaSi
Caedineba komunaluri/saniaRvre, samrewvelo CamonadenebiT, agreTve soflis meurneobaSi
moxmarebuli mineraluri sasuqebiT da qimikatebiT dabinZurebuli wylebi. savaraudoa,
rom ekonomikuri saqmianobebis mkveTri Semcirebis gamo zRvis wylis mdinareuli dabinZureba bolo wlebSi naklebad intensiuria. ekonomikuri krizisis daZlevasTan erTad
mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba dabinZurebis zemoqmedeba sazRvao garemoze, ramac SesaZloa
Tvisobrivadac gansxvavebuli xasiaTi miiRos.
saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTSi aralegaluri damfingi Cveulebrivi movlenaa. qalaqebis nagavsayrelebi da poligonebi ar arian aRWurvilni miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis saSualebebiT. mravali maTgani ganlagebulia uSualod mdinareebis
an zRvis napirze. xSirad aqvs adgili samrewvelo narCenebis ganTavsebas sayofacxovrebo nagavsayrelebsa da poligonebze.
gadaudebel aucileblobas warmoadgens sanapiros (pliaJebis) da zRvis, mdinareebis, portebis dabinZurebis sxva wyaroebis regularuli monitoringi. ekonomikuri
siZneleebis pirobebSi saqarTvelos garemosdacviTi monitoringis sistemis funqcionireba gauaresda da safuZvlian gaumjobesebas moiTxovs. saerTaSoriso organizaciebis
(gaeros ganviTarebis programa, TACIS, msoflio banki) daxmarebiT zogierT SemTxvevaSi
moxerxda axali teqnikuri aRWurvilobis miReba. miuxedavad amisa, sanapiros monitoringis laboratoriebis teqnikuri baza Zlier CamorCeba Tanamedrove moTxovnebs. moZvelebuli aparaturiT da analizis meTodologiebiT ver xorcieldeba regularuli
monitoringi Tanamedrove doneze.
Seswavlilia Savi zRvis q. foTis akvatoriaSi zRvis dinamikisa da Savi zRvis auzis ekologiuri procesebis maTematikuri modelebi (m. nodias sax. geofizikis
instituti).
16
dadgenilia, rom TurqeTis teritoriaze md. Woroxze kaSxlebis mSenebloba
uaryofiT gavlenas moaxdens baTumis zRvis sanapiroze, radgan warmoiqmneba plaJwarmomqmneli masalis mwvave deficiti. dadgenilia baTumis Savi zRvis sanapiro zolis liTodinamikaze da Tanamedrove sainJinro-geologiur procesebze moqmedi bunebrivi da
anTropogenuli faqtorebi, romlebic udides gavlenas axdens zRvis sanapiroze. Catarebulia sainJinro-geologiuri daraioneba da daxasiaTebulia TiToeuli raioni. Sedgenilia baTumis raionSi zRvis sanapiro xazis cvalebadobis sqema da mocemulia misi
ganviTarebis programa.
aWaris regionis zRvis akvatoriis aqtiur damabinZureblad kvlav rCeba q. baTumis
arakanalizirebuli ubnebi. ramdenadac q. baTumis 40% arakanalizirebulia, amdenad am
ubnebis fekaluri Camdinare wylebi yovelgvari gawmenda-gauvneblobis gareSe Caedinebian
zRvaSi da iwveven mis dabinZurebas. yovelive amas emateba am zonaSi ganlagebuli kerZo
mosaxleobis Camdinare fekaluri wylebi, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT am wylebis gawmendis
martivi tipis septikebic ki. es wylebi saSualod yovelwliurad mln. m3-s aRemateba.
analogiuri mdgomareobaa qobuleTis sakanalizacio qselis muSaobis saqmeSi. iq
arsebuli biologiuri tipis gamwmendi nageboba fizikurad aRar arsebobs, ris gamoc es
wylebi (saSualod yovelwliurad 1,5 mln. m3) yovelgvari gawmenda-gauvneblobis gareSe
Caedinebian zRvaSi da iwveven mis baqteorologiur dabinZurebas.
Savi zRvis mniSvnelovani damabinZurebeli kerebia daba Caqvis, maxinjauris, mwvane
koncxis, cixisZiris centraluri dasaxlebis sakanalizacio wylebi. gaangariSebiT dadgenilia, rom uSualod zRvis sanapiro zolSi ganlagebuli dasaxlebuli punqtebidan
yovelwliurad (q. baTumis garda) zRvaSi 2 mln. m3-ze meti gauwmendavi wyali Cadis.
Tavi 3
miwa da miwis resursebi
saqarTvelo mciremiwiani qveyanaa, romlis teritoria teritoriuli wylebis
farTobis (835,1 aT. ha) CaTvliT 7628,4 aTas ha-s Seadgens. 2005 wlis pirveli ianvris
mdgomareobiT, sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis farTobi Seadgenda 3026,3 aTas heqtars (mTeli teritoriis 39,7%), aqedan saxnavi _ 802,1 aTasi heqtari, mravalwliani
nargavebi _ 264,0 aTasi heqtari, saTibi _ 143,5 aTasi heqtari, xolo saZovari _
1796,9 aTasi heqtari.
sakuTrebaSi gadacemulia 769,6 aTasi heqtari sasoflo-sameurneo savarguli.
ijariT gacemulia 824,0 aTasi heqtari, darCenilia gaucemeli 1432,7 aT.ha.
aRniSnuli farTobebis sakuTrebaSi da ijariT gaucemlobis mizezebia: rTuli
reliefuri pirobebi, mwiri niadagobrivi Semadgenloba, sarwyavi da damSrobi sistemebis
mwyobridan gamosvla, rac iwvevs sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis gaudabnoebas an
meorad daWaobebas.
soflis meurneobis saministros monacemebiT, sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebidan
sakmaod didi farTobebi ukavia dabalnayofier niadagebs:
- damlaSebuli da bicobi niadagebi _ 205,0 aT.ha (mTliani savargulebis 6,7%);
- mJave niadagebi _ 300,0 aT.ha (11%);
- daWaobebuli niadagebi _ 210,0 aT.ha (7,3%);
- erozirebuli niadagebi _ 1 mln.ha (33%).
amas emateba niadagebis gaRaribeba mcenarisTvis saWiro sakvebi nivTierebebiT da
nayofierebis ZiriTadi maCveneblis _ humusis Semcirebis tendencia TiTqmis yvela tipis
niadagSi da yvela regionSi.
17
yovelive es garemoeba problemebs qmnis qveynis upirvelesi da Seucvleli
simdidris _ niadagis, rogorc dedamiwaze sicocxlis wyaros, SenarCunebis saqmeSi.
rig regionSi niadagis nayofiereba katastrofulad ecema, Sesabamisad mcirdeba
sasoflo-sameurneo kulturaTa mosavlianoba. amasTan iqmneba realuri saSiSroeba gaudabnoebis dawyebisa.
aRniSnuli mdgomareobis gamomwvevi mizezebidan ZiriTadad aRsaniSnavia Semdegi
garemoebebi:
_ daufinanseblobis gamo TiTqmis Sewyvetilia bicobi da mJave niadagebis qimiuri
melioraciis da eroziis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba, ramac gaaZliera
niadagebSi mimdinare uaryofiTi procesebi. izrdeba Zlier mJave da bicobi niadagebis
fazebi, ikargeba didi raodenobis miwa Tavisi nayofieri feniT. izrdeba mewyerebisa da
xramebis raodenoba;
_ mineraluri da organuli sasuqebis gamoyenebis minimumamde Semcirebam da isic
mxolod azotiani sasuqebis xarjze, udides problemebs qmnis rogorc niadagSi sakvebi
elementebis balansis aRdgenis da mosavlianobis gazrdis saqmeSi, ise agroekologiis
da produqciis xarisxis TvalsazrisiT.
niadagis dacvisa da nayofierebis gaumjobesebis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia
rigi RonisZiebebis gatareba, rasac iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos kanoni `niadagebis
konservaciisa da nayofierebis aRdgena-gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb~ da prezidentis brZanebulebiT damtkicebuli `saqarTvelos niadagebis dacvisa da nayofierebis amaRlebis~
saxelmwifo programa.
niadagebis dacvis, nayofierebis amaRlebisa da gaumjobesebis mimarTulebiT
saministros specializirebuli samsaxuris _ agroqimiuri da niadagis nayofierebis
samsaxuris mier 2004 wels Catarebul iqna Semdegi RonisZiebebi:
1. niadagur-agroqimiuri gamokvlevebi da xarisxobrivi Sefaseba Catarda 3262 ha
sasoflo-sameurneo savargulze qveynis 19 raionSi, romlis mixedviT gamokvleuli
farTobebi mcenarisaTvis saWiro fosforisa da kaliumis Semcvelobis mxriv `Zlier
Rarib~ kategorias miekuTvneba.
2004 wlis niadagebis gamokvlevis Sedegebis Sedareba moxda adreul (19871991w.w.) wlebSi Catarebul gamokvlevebTan, sadac seriozulad gamoikveTa niadagis
degradaciisa da gaRaribebis tendencia.
cxrili #3.1
niadagebis gamokvlevis Sedegebi mg/100gr. niadagSi
raioni
axmeta
yvareli
dedofliswyaro
mcxeTa
gori
axalcixe
bolnisi
Cxorowyu
Cxorowyu
sofeli
maRraani
Silda
firosmani
muxrani
karaleTi
awyuri
Wapali
WoRa
xabume
2004 wels gamokvlevis
monacemebi
adreuli wlebis monacemebi
P2O5
K2O
humusi, %
weli
P2O5
K2O
12
7
16
19
17
8
18
25
28
101
88
141
192
202
129
188
10
15
2,9
3,8
5,0
3,1
3,7
3,4
3,1
3,5
3,8
1990
1988
1989
1991
1990
1991
1988
1987
1987
33
35
39
31
55
47
38
30
32
315
299
418
447
501
409
392
20
22
18
humusi,
%
3,0
4,0
5,4
3,2
3,9
3,7
3,4
3,8
4,0
2. saxelmwifo miznobrivi programebiT 2004 wels eroziis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 80,0 aT. lari.
eroziis sawinaaRmdegod niadagdacviTi xe-mcenareebis gaSeneba ganxorcielda 24
ha-ze aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi.
3. momzadda da daibeWda èroziis sawinaaRmdego rekomendaciebi~.
mTlianobaSi guria miekuTvneba mewyeruli movlenebiT Zlieri dazianebis regions.
regionis teritoriisTvis mewyerebis garda didi ziani moaqvs miwebis daWaobebasa
da datborvas. mdinareebis: sufsis, okvanes, svianas, rayas, oragvesRelis kalapotsa da
WalebSi xSirad xdeba wyalmovardna-datborviTi da maTi Tanmdevi eroziul-akumulaciuri movlenebi.
qvemo qarTlis regionSi miwebis mniSvnelovani farTobebis dabinZurebis faqtebi
ar gamovlenila. miwebis dacvisa da nayofierebis amaRlebis mizniT, agromelioraciuli,
kultteqnikuri da eroziis sawinaaRmdego sarekultivacio samuSaoebi ar Catarebula.
qvemo svaneTisa da leCxumis regionaluri sammarTvelos informaciiT, miwebis
dazianebis ZiriTadi mizezi wylismieri eroziaa. 2004 wels dazianda 150 ha miwis
farTobi.
imereTis regionSi aRricxuli erozirebuli teritoriebis saerTo farTobi 1994
heqtaria. yvelaze Zlieri erozirebuli procesebi mimdinareobs WiaTuris, saCxeris,
wyaltubosa da baRdaTis raionebSi.
kaxeTis regionaluri sammarTvelos monacemebiT, regionSi arsebuli miwebis 2022% gamofitulia, rogorc bunebis stiqiuri ZalebiT, aseve sasuqebis SeutanlobiT.
amdenad, 30315 ha-mde sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi ganicdis qarismier da wylismier
erozias.
lagodexSi wyaldidobiT 5 ha gauvargisda, sagarejoSi 240 ha gruntis wylebiT,
xolo 270 ha mewyeriT, yvarelSi 700 ha wyaldidobiT. siRnaRis raionSi 8000 ha-mde
saWiroebs eroziisagan dacvas.
foTis regionaluri sammarTvelos informaciiT, Savi zRvis sanapiro zoli,
malTayvasa da didi kunZulis midamoebSi zRvis Stormuli moqmedebiT wlebis
ganmavlobaSi ganicdis intensiur Carecxvebs. wylismieri eroziuli procesebiT bolo
30-35 wlis ganmavlobaSi qalaqma dakarga 350 ha-ze meti xmeleTis teritoria. am
procesebis SemaCerebeli RonisZiebebi Tanxebis uqonlobis gamo ver xorcieldeba.
xaSuris regionaluri sammarTvelos monacemebiT 2005 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT, xaSuris raionSi erozirebulia saxnavi 16 ha (waRebulia wylis mier), saZovari 20
ha (50%-iani dazianeba), arasasoflo daniSnulebis miwa _ 17 ha (50%-iani dazianeba).
qarismieri eroziis Sedegad dazianebulia daaxloebiT 300 ha saxnavi da 100 ha
saZovari. mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad araviTari RonisZieba ar gatarebula.
aWaris garemos dacvis regionaluri sammarTvelo informaciiT, 2004 wlis
saangariSo periodSi miwis balansiT aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi 227 ha erozirebuli da damewyrili miwis farTobi aRiricxa.
sxvadasxva kategoriis miwebis xarisxobrivi mdgomareobis, maTi gamofitvis
rRvevis, erozirebis da degradaciis procesebi mimdinareobs 397 ha-ze. egzogenurgeologiuri procesebis potenciurad saSiS zonaSi imyofeba 1500 ojaxi. mTlianad
daingra 6 sacxovrebeli saxli da ocdaaTamde damxmare nageboba. mewyerma da Rvarcofma
150-ze met ojaxs dautbora sakarmidamo miwis nakveTebi.
erozirebuli miwebis gatyevebis mizniT Suaxevis raionSi dairgo 1000 Ziri
kaklis nergi, qedis raionSi _ 500 Ziri kaklis nergi, xelvaCaurSi _ 800 Ziri
evkaliptis nergi, xulos raionSi 5 ha-ze gaSenda wiflis nargavi, qobuleTis raionSi
0,7 ha-ze gaSenda kriptomeriis nargavi da 0,5 ha-ze moewyo tyis kulturebis sanerge.
soflis meurneobis saministros 2004 wlis monacemebiT samelioracio sistemebis
momxmareblis zonaSi moqceulia sul 820 aT.ha, maT Soris sarwyavi miwebi 110 aT.ha,
zamTris da zafxulis saZovrebis gawylovanebis sistemebis farglebSi _ 340 aT.ha.
19
farTobebma, romlis morwyvac realurad SeiZleba sarwyavi sistemebis meSveobiT,
2004 wlis monacemebiT 180 aT.ha Seadgina.
faqtiurad, 2004 wels irwyveboda 106 aT.ha. Warbi naleqebis mizeziT morwyva ar
gaxda saWiro TavianTi kulturebiT dakavebul 37 aT.ha farTobze.
damSrobi sistemebis meSveobiT realurad daSrobilma farTobebma Seadgina 35aT.ha.
adamianis sameurneo saqmianobis Sedegad xdeba niadagis dabinZureba saSiSi nivTierebebiT da sxvadasxva saxis narCenebiT, kerZod: navTobiTa da navTobproduqtebiT maTi
mopovebis, transportirebis, gamoyenebisa da avariuli SemTxvevebis dros; mZime liTonebiT msxvili sawarmoebisa da mTavari avtomagistralebis mimdebare teritoriebze;
yofili sabWoTa armiis samxedro bazebis poligonebze darCenili saSiSi nivTierebebiT,
samrewvelo da sayofacxovrebo narCenebiT.
qveynis teritoriaze dabinZurebuli miwis farTobebis Sesaxeb informacia
arasrulia, Sesabamisad ar aris dazustebuli 2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi dabinZurebuli
miwis farTobebi. mimdinare wels raime RonisZieba am miwebis rekultivaciis, aRdgenis
mizniT ar ganxorcielebula.
magaliTad, calkeuli regionis mixedviT Semdegi suraTia: _ mcxeTis raionSi sof.
qsnis teritoriaze, yofili `saqsoflnayofierebis~ likvidirebul teritoriaze 10 ha
farTobze dayrilia samSeneblo narCenebi, mineraluri sasuqebi da Sxamqimikatebi. sof.
qsnis mimdebared 50m2 farTobze daRvrilia navTobproduqtebi. sul mcxeTis raionis
teritoriaze sayofacxovrebo narCenebiT dabinZurebulia 45 ha miwis farTobi, xolo
mineraluri sasuqebiT da SxamqimikatebiT daaxloebiT 100m2.
am monacemebidan cxadia, rom miwis farTobebis dabinZurebas wlebis manZilze aqvs
adgili. regionaluri sammarTvelos informaciiT, 2004 wels dasufTavebis orTviuris
farglebSi gaiwminda gzis napirebi, xevebi, magram ar aris informacia, Tu ra
farTobebze da dabinZurebis romeli wyaroebi iqna likvidirebuli.
raWis regionaluri sammarTvelos monacemebiT, 2004 wels regionSi miwebis raime
mniSvnelovani dabinZureba ar momxdara.
kaxeTis regionaluri sammarTvelos informaciiT, 2004 wlis seqtemberSi, sagarejos raionis sof. patarZeulis da ninowmindas #100 WaburRilidan navTobisa da wylis
narevis amofrqvevis Sedegad dabinZurda 41 ha farTobi. dabinZurebiT miyenebuli zarali Seiswavla saxelmwifo komisiam. kompaniam aiRo valdebuleba dabinZurebuli niadagebis remediaciis Casatareblad, kerZod, gaitanos sarTiWalis mimdebared arsebuli e.w.
àmbaris~ teritoriaze, romelic wlebis manZilze gamoiyeneboda navTobis narCenebis
gansaTavseblad.
sammarTvelos monacemebiT sayofacxovrebo narCenebiT dabinZurda 140 ha miwis
farTobi. teritoriis dasufTavebis mizniT calkeuli RonisZiebebis miuxedavad saerTo
suraTi ar icvleba.
xaSuris saqalaqo sammarTvelos informaciiT, 2004 wels regionSi navTobproduqtebiT miwis dabinZurebis faqtebi ar dafiqsirebula. 0,5 ha sasoflo-sameurneo miwis
da 1 ha sasoflo daniSnulebis farTobis navTobproduqtebiT dabinZureba moxda 90-ian
wlebSi, rodesac xdeboda navTobsadenidan navTobproduqtebis dataceba. cxadia, rom
miwebis remediacia da aRdgena ar momxdara. narCenebiT dabinZurebulia daaxloebiT 15
ha miwis farTobi.
Sida qarTlis regionaluri sammarTvelos informaciiT, regionis teritoriaze
daaxloebiT 0,4ha miwis farTobia dabinZurebuli wlebis win Semotanili vadagasuli
pesticidebiTa da agroqimikatebiT.
qvemo qarTlis regionaluri sammarTvelos monacemebiT baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis
navTobsadenis mSeneblobis procesSi xdeba miwebis dabinZureba. rogorc cnobilia, BTC
navTobsadeni saqarTvelos 6 regionSi gadis, amitom monacemebi erTi regionis Sesaxeb
arasakmarisia: 2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi, qvemo qarTlis regionSi dafiqsirebulia ori
20
aTeuli adgili, sadac dayrilia bazaltis lodebi da sxva saxis inertuli narCenebi,
sul 12,5 ha-mde, ZiriTadad sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi da saZovrebi.
imereTis regionaluri sammarTvelos informaciiT, 2004 wels sof. gomis teritoriaze baqo-sufsis navTobsadenis 315-316 km-ze milsadenis aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis
warmoebisas, milsadenis arxSi navTobproduqtebis CaRvris Sedegad dabinZurda daaxloebiT 0,31 ha miwis farTobi. navTobproduqtis saerTaSoriso korporaciam aRadgina
dabinZurebuli teritoria.
oqtombris TveSi, rkinigzis sadgur xaragaulTan satvirTo matareblis avariis
Sedegad, rkinigzaze gadabrunda navTobproduqtebiT datvirTuli avtocisterna,
saidanac navTobproduqtebi CaiRvara niadagSi da moxvda md. CxerimelaSi. mdinaris
dabinZurebiT miyenebuli zarali 33434 larad Sefasda da waredgina rkinigzis
departaments. teritoria gaiwminda.
aWaris avronomiur respublikaSi, sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis dabinZurebis faqtebi
2004 wels ar gamovlenila. rac Seexeba samrewvelo teritoriebs, iq mraval adgilas
SeimCneva ZiriTadad navTbproduqtebiT dabinZurebis calkeuli SemTxvevebi. kerZod:
dabinZurebulia Sps `baTumis navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis~ sarezervuaro parkis
mimdebare lokaluri ubnebi da rkinigzis saliandago xazis Sida teritoriebi; Sps
`saqarTvelos rkinigzis~ baTumis satvirTo sadguris sameurneo gzis 3,5 ha-ze aRebul
iqna navTobproduqtebiT dabinZurebuli 1000 m3 moculobis miwis grunti, romelic
garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis darRveviT dasawyobebul iqna oCxamurSi baTuminatanebis 34-e da 36-e kilometrze.
navTobiT dabinZurebuli miwebis gawmenda bioremidaciis meTodis gamoyenebiT
dagegmilia Sps `baTumis navTobterminalSi~, Tumca gawmendili miwebis raodenobis
Sesaxeb informacia ar aris warmodgenili.
`saqarTvelos mTavrobis struqturis, uflebamosilebisa da saqmianobis wesis
Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2004 wlis 9
ivlisis #56 dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos miwis marTvis saxelmwifo
departamentis likvidaciis gamo, rigi uflebamosilebani ganxorcielebisaTvis gadaeca
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros, maT Soris erT-erT funqciad _
miwis miznobrivi gamoyenebis da dacvis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul
moTxovnaTa dacvis mdgomareobis saxelmwifo kontroli.
Tavi 4
wiaRi da wiaRiseuli
wiaRiseulis racionaluri gamoyenebis regulirebisaTvis moqmedebs licenzirebis
sistema, romelsac garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros garemosdacviTi nebarTvebisa da licenziebis samsaxuri axorcielebs.
cxrilSi #4.1 Setanilia 2001-2004 wlebSi gacemuli licenziebis mdgomareoba
sasargeblo wiaRiseulis saxeebis mixedviT.
21
cxrili #4.1
2001-2004 wlebSi wiaRiseuliT sargeblobisaTvis gacemuli
licenziebi
gacemuli licenziebi
2001w.
2002w.
2003w.
2004w.
mtknari, dabali mineralobis wyali
7
14
9
7
2004w.
SeCerebuli
licenziebi
1
geoTermuli wyali
1
1
2
_
_
mineraluri wyali
4
7
3
3
2
saTbobi
1
1
_
_
_
madneuli
1
3
6
3
25
20
26
30
15
3
34
52
50
28
31
myari
wiaRiseuli
miwisqveSa
wylebi
sasargeblo wiaRiseulis saxe
aramadneuli, samSeneblo masalebi
da samToqimiuri nedleuli
sul:
cxrilidan Cans, rom wina wlebTan SedarebiT 2004 wels mniSvnelovnad Semcirda
gacemul licenziaTa raodenoba. amasTanave, SeCerebulia mravali adre gacemuli licenziebis moqmedeba, rac gamowveulia licenziebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wiaRiseulis dacvis
moTxovnilebaTa gamkacrebiT.
licenziebi adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis wiaRiseuliT sargeblobaze gaicema garemos
dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros regionaluri sammarTveloebis mier. navTobisa da airis sabadoebiT sargeblobaze licenziebis gacemas 1998 wlidan awarmoebs
saq. navTobisa da airis maregulirebeli saxelmwifo saagento. navTobisa da airis Ziebamopovebas saxelmwifo organizaciebTan erTad awarmoeben ucxouri kompaniebi. gacemulia
sul 18 licenzia 20-25 wlis vadiT.
navTobi didi raodenobiT ar moipoveba. qvemo qarTlSi igi dRe-RameSi aRwevs 4050 tonas, xolo kaxeTis regionSi 300-350 tonidan Semcirda 90 tonamde. aq mopovebis
intensifikaciis mizniT, inergeba axali teqnologia, kerZod, horizontaluri burRva.
unda aRiniSnos, rom kaxeTis regionSi mopovebuli navTobi didi raodenobiT Seicavs
wyals, rac arTulebs mopovebuli navTobis gadamuSavebas.
geoTermuli wylebis sabadoebi gamovlenilia imereTis regionSi, zugdid-caiSis
raionSi, samcxe-javaxeTSi, qarTlSi.
qveynis teritoriaze mineraluri wylebis mravali sabadoa. marto mcxeTa-mTianeTis
regionSi 100-mdea dafiqsirebuli maTi gamovlineba.
aspinZis raionSi ganlagebulia naqalaqevis mineraluri wylisa da Tanmdevi
naxSirorJanga gazis sabado, sadac gacemuli iyo licenzia naxSirorJangis mopovebaze
26 tona/dR.R raodenobiT. mTlianobaSi sabados maragebi saeqspluatacio kategoriebiT
damtkicebulia 36 tona/dR.R odenobiT.
mineraluri wylebis mopoveba ZiriTadad xdeba “borjomis”, “zvares”, “nabeRlavis”,
“mitarbis” da sxva cnobili sabadoebidan, adre gacemuli licenziebis safuZvelze.
2004 wels gacemulia mxolod erTi licenzia “qlibulis” mineraluri wyliT sargeblobaze (baRdaTis raioni).
wina wlebTan SedarebiT Semcirda dabali mineralobis wylebiT sargeblobaze
gacemul licenziaTa raodenobac.
22
2004 wels qvanaxSiris mopovebaze licenzia ar gacemula. wina wlebSi gacemuli
licenziebi miznad isaxavda tyibul-Saoris sabados Seswavla-mopovebas, rac Zalze neli
tempiT mimdinareobda.
unda aRiniSnos, rom qveynis energetikis ganviTarebaSi am sabados racionalur
damuSavebas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba, rac safuZveli gaxdeba “Saxti-Tboeleqtrosadguris” amoqmedebisaTvis. jerjerobiT amoRebuli qvanaxSiri ise cotaa, rom mas
saxelmwifo mniSvneloba ar aqvs.
madneulis spilenZis, bariti polimetaruli oqrosSemcveli sabados karierze
2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi mopovebul iqna 1751 aTasi tona madani da gamoSvebul iqna
61895 tona koncentrati, xolo Sps `kvarcit~-ma gadaamuSava 1087 aTasi tona meoradi
kvarcitebi, romlebic Seicavdnen 1243 kg. oqros da 5,95 t. vercxls.
SemdgomSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos SedarebiT mcire warmadobis
sawarmoTa amuSavebas, geologiuri monacemebiT amis saSualeba qveyanas gaaCnia.
2004 wels gadauwyveteli darCa WiaTuris manganumis madnis sabados mTliani da
kompleqsuri damuSavebis sakiTxi. ufro metic, adre gacemuli licenziebis moqmedeba
gabneuli manganumis mopovebaze Sewyda.
bolo wlebSi garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros regionaluri
sammarTveloebi axorcielebdnen kontrols, raTa ulicenziod da samTo-teqnikuri
eqspluataciis wesebis darRveviT ar daeSvaT sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebadamuSaveba.
Tavi 5
mcenareuli safari
saqarTvelos mcenareuloba didi mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba, rac ganpirobebulia
sxvadasxva faqtorebiT, ZiriTadad saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareobiTa da bunebrivklimaturi pirobebis mravalferovnebiT.
saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari daaxloebiT 13000 saxeobas iTvlis. maT Soris
4225 miekuTvneba Teslovan mcenareTa ricxvs, 75 – gvimrisebrs, 600 – xavsebs, 650 –
mRierebs, 5000 – sokovans da 2000 – wyalmcenareebs.
endemur (adgilobriv) da reliqtur (Zvel) saxeobebTan erTad saqarTveloSi uxvadaa adventuri (adamianis Semotanili da gavrcelebuli) saxeobebi. maT Soris mravladaa
rogorc bunebrivi, ise kulturuli _ marcvleuli, xileuli, bostneuli, samurnalo,
dekoratiuli mcenare. adgilobrivi, endemuri warmoSobisaa saqarTvelos mcenareuli
safaris 380 saxeoba, romelTagan cnobilia biWvinTisa da eldaris fiWvi, samegrelos
aryi, qarTuli nuSi da sxva. reliqturi mcenareebi mravladaa gavrcelebuli kolxeTSi,
ase magaliTad: pontos muxa, Zelqva, bza, wyavi, Sqeri, mocvi, uTxovari da sxva.
sayuradReboa samkurnalo mcenareebis mravalferovnebac, romelTa gamoyenebis uZvelesi tradiciebi arsebobs qveyanaSi. samkurnalo mcenareebisagan damzadebuli preparatebis gamoyenebis Sedegebma ara marto fitoTerapia, aramed mecnieruli da praqtikuli
medicinac samkurnalo mcenareebisaken Semoabruna, ramac gamoiwvia samkurnalo floris
resursebze moTxovnilebis gazrda. Sedegad ki mospobis saSiSroebis winaSe aRmoCnda
samkurnalo mcenareebis mniSvnelovani saxeobebi.
2004 wlidan saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
biomravalferovnebis dacvis sammarTveloSi dawyebulia muSaoba aramerqnuli resursis
monacemTa bazis Sesaqmnelad. sammarTveloSi xdeboda aramerqnuli mcenareuli resursebiT sargeblobis nebarTvis misaRebad Sesuli gancxadebebis ganxilva biomravalferovnebis konservaciisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis principebis gaTvaliswinebiT. ZiriTadi
23
moTxovna iyo iseT samkurnalo mcenareul nedleulze, rogorebicaa: evkaliptis
foToli, askilis nayofi, orkbilas balaxi, Cveulebrivi dafnis foToli, gulyviTelas
yvavili, Savbalaxas balaxi, kunelis nayofi, mocvis nayofi da foToli, negos yvavili,
pitnis balaxi, cacxvis yvavili, naZvis wiwvebi.
2004 wlis monacemebiT, xelovnurad gamwvanebuli teritoriebis _ baRebisa da
parkebis mdgomareoba wina wlebTan SedarebiT bevrad gaumjobesebulia.
S.p.s. `vakis parkis~ farTobi Seadgens 16 ha-s. aqedan mwvane nargaobebs ukavia 8 ha,
Senoba-nagebobebs _ 5 ha da sxvadasxva atraqcionebs _ 3 ha. `Tbilisis zRvis parkis~
farTobi Seadgens 120 ha-s, nargaoba _ 65470 Zirs. `veteranTa parkis~ (kikviZis sax.
parki) farTobi _ 7,7 ha-s, nargaoba _ 6000 Zirs. `mTawmindis parkis~ teritoria _
58,4 ha-s, aqedan gamwvanebulia 57 ha. `muSTaidis parkis~ teritorias ukavia 4,3 ha.
aqedan gamwvanebulia 2,6 ha. gzebsa da atraqcionebs dakavebuli aqvs 1,7 ha. parkebis
umetes nawilSi tardeba kalendaruli gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli agroteqnikuri
RonisZiebebi. xeebsa da buCqebs Semobaruli aqvT sarwyavi jamebi da micemuli aqvT
formireba. gadaibara gazonebi da sayvavile nakveTebi. daifocxa gzebi, daTesilia
koindari, dargulia yvavilebi. amoZirkvulia xmeli xeebi. Tumca aRsadgenia savali
gzebi da moednebi, wyalsadenisa da eleqtroganaTebis qseli. ar aris baRis savarZlebi.
dangreulia da ar funqcionirebs oranJeria, kapitalurad SesakeTebelia administraciuli da sxva damxmare Senobebi.
axmetelis saxelobis baRis farTobi Seadgens 4,55 ha-s, akakis saxelobis baRis _
1,3 ha, vaxuStis saxelobis baRis _ 6 ha, cxra aprilis zeda da qveda baRebis _ 4 ha,
sanapiro baRis _ 1,3 ha, 300 aragvelis saxelobis baRis _ 2,45 ha, avWalis baRis _
3,2 ha, VI m/r-is baRis _ 2,1 ha, dedaenis saxelobis baRis _ 5,6 ha, veris baRis _
5,44 ha, yazbegis baRis _ 3,94 ha, orxevis xidTan baRis _ 5,9 ha. baRebisa da skverebis
umetes nawilSi aRdgenilia wyalgayvaniloba, ganaTeba, daidga baRis savarZlebi da
bavSvTa saTamaSoebi, daiTesa koindari, dairga xeebi, buCqebi da yvavilebi, savali gzebi
moSandakda wiTeli aguris fxvniliT.
saqarTvelo tyiT mdidari qveyanaa, teritoriis daaxloebiT 40% tyiTaa dafaruli. tyeebis saerTo farTobi 3006,2 aTasi heqtaria. satyeo meurneobis departamentis daqvemdebarebaSi arsebuli tyis fondis saerTo farTobi ki, 2004 wlis mdgomareobiT, 2456232 ha-s Seadgens, aqedan tyiT dafarulia 2314284 ha, xolo tyeebis saerTo
maragi Seadgens 386402200 kbm.
tyis fondis teritoria iyofa sxvadasxva kategoriad, kerZod: a) mwvane zonis
tyeebi – 270340 ha sul (tye – 247101 ha); b) sakurorto zonis tyeebi – 109337
sul (tye – 101242 ha); g) niadagdacviTi da wyalmaregulirebeli tyeebi _ 2076555 ha
sul (tye – 1965941 ha).
rac Seexeba tyis fondis tyiT dafaruli miwebis ganawilebas sixSireebis
mixedviT, 2004 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos tyeebis saSualo sixSire 0,54-s Seadgens da
miekuTvneba bonitetis III klass.
satyeo meurneobis departamentis marTvas daqvemdebarebul saxelmwifo tyis
fondidan regionebis mixedviT 2004 wels Zirze gacemuli xe-tyis Sesaxeb informacia
mocemulia cxrilSi #5.1, xolo statistikis departamentis monacemebi 2004 wels
tyis resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis biujetSi Sesatani gadasaxadebis, tyis ukanono
Wrebis, ukanono WrebisaTvis gaformebuli da samarTaldamcav organoebze gadacemuli
aqtebis Sesaxeb – cxrilebSi #5.2-5.4.
saqarTvelos satyeo meurneobis departamenti, SesaZleblobis farglebSi, tyis
ukanono Wrebis aRmosafxvrelad da damrRvevTa gamosavlenad atarebs reidebs, tyeebis
gegmiur, sakontrolo da sxva reviziebs, masalebs Semdgomi reagirebisaTvis gadascems
Sesabamis samarTaldamcav organoebs. 2004 wels tyis dacvis saqmianobaSi daSvebuli
darRvevebisaTvis ganTavisuflda satyeo meurneobis 1 direqtori, 3 mTavari metyeve, 3
tyis dacvis inJineri, 15 satyeos ufrosi, 8 satyeos ufrosis TanaSemwe, 67 tyis
24
mcveli, sxvadasxva disciplinaruli sasjeli gatarda tyis dacvis 186 muSakze.
qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, energomatareblebis deficitis pirobebSi satyeo meurneobis departamenti valdebulia
daakmayofilos xe-tyis resursebze rogorc mosaxleobis, aseve kerZo da iuridiuli
samarTlis pirebis gazrdili moTxovnileba. xe-tyeze moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis
erT-erT pirobas tyekafis gamoyofa warmoadgens. biujetidan m/n limitiT gansazRvruli dafinanseba ki mxolod nawilobriv akmayofilebs tyekafebis gamoyofis moTxovnebs.
aseTive mdgomareobaa tyis dacvis kuTxiT. saxelmwifo biujetidan tyis dacvis
RonisZiebebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli isedac mizeruli Tanxebis daufinanseblobis gamo,
saxelmwifo tyeebSi praqtikulad ar ganxorcielebula tyis mavneblebTan brZolisa da
xanZrebisagan tyeebis dacvis profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebi. Sedegadac ki sagrZnoblad
gaizarda mavneblebis gavrcelebis areali, seriozuli safrTxe Seeqmna zogierT raionSi
tyis masivebs, gansakuTrebiT saSiSi mdgomareobaa borjom-bakurianis, zestafonis,
WiaTuris, adigenis, axalcixisa da xaSuri-qarelis satyeo meurneobebSi, sadac
wiwvovanebSi gavrcelebuli mavneblebi iwvevs mTliani koromebis xmobas, rasac
saboloo jamSi mniSvnelovani ekologiuri da ekonomikuri ziani moaqvs qveynisaTvis.
2004 wels dafiqsirda tyis xanZris 21 SemTxveva, xanZargavlilma farTobebma Seadgina
32 ha, tyeze miyenebulma zaralma _ 39547,35 lari, xolo xanZris Caqrobaze gaweulma
danaxarjebma – 2380 lari.
miuxedavad imisa, rom tyis resursebi ganaxlebad bunebriv resursebs miekuTvneba,
isini mainc ar SeiZleba amouwuravad CaiTvalos, amitom tyeebis gaSeneba da aRdgeniTi
samuSaoebis ganxorcieleba adamianis gonivruli Carevis gareSe praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. qveyanaSi 2004 wels tyis kulturebis aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi saxelmwifo daniSnulebis tyeebSi ganxorcielda 183,70 ha farTobze, aqedan satyeo meurneobis departamentis mier – 177 ha farTobze, xolo adgilobriv mmarTvelobas daqvemdebarebul tyeebSi
5,80 ha farTobze.
cxrili #5.1
satyeo meurneobis departamentis marTvas daqvemdebarebul
saxelmwifo tyis fondidan regionebis mixedviT 2004 wels
Zirze gacemuli xe-tyis Sesaxeb
1
saqarTvelo
afxazeTi
aWara
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
raWa leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
imereTi
guria
Sida qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
kaxeTi
faqtiurad gacemuli xe-tyis moculoba, kbm
sul
maT Soris
likvidi
masala
SeSa
2
3
4
sul Zirze gacemuli xe-tye
618659
140148
478511
495
370
125
41997
10460
31537
86632
25567
61065
77468
22546
54922
60127
10999
49128
55209
23303
31906
29105
2352
26753
59207
8689
50518
98404
21660
76744
30721
706
30015
79294
13496
65798
25
1
2
3
maT Soris Wris saxeebis mixedviT:
1. mTavari sargeblobiT
saqarTvelo
30749
16257
afxazeTi
495
370
aWara
_
_
14158
5793
_
_
imereTi
5320
3419
guria
2835
1606
Sida qarTli
659
348
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
450
450
samcxe-javaxeTi
5806
3684
qvemo qarTli
_
_
kaxeTi
1026
587
2. plantaciuri meurneoba
saqarTvelo
826
430
qvemo qarTli
118
91
kaxeTi
708
339
3. movliTi WrebiT, sul
saqarTvelo
299184
100158
afxazeTi
_
_
aWara
16898
6212
43913
15053
52198
20377
imereTi
24378
6956
guria
47307
20835
Sida qarTli
5613
1896
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
28780
7171
samcxe-javaxeTi
29823
9712
qvemo qarTli
7102
434
kaxeTi
43172
11512
aqedan Wris saxeebis mixedviT:
ganaTeba-gawmenda
saqarTvelo
57
8
kaxeTi
57
8
gamoxSirva
saqarTvelo
14643
3438
1499
644
3067
868
imereTi
3042
386
guria
_
_
Sida qarTli
881
240
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
1581
717
samcxe-javaxeTi
2131
405
qvemo qarTli
1439
65
kaxeTi
1003
113
gavliTi
saqarTvelo
2063
1040
287
287
imereTi
162
115
guria
369
170
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
239
111
26
4
14492
125
_
8365
_
1901
1229
311
_
2122
_
439
396
27
369
199026
_
10686
28860
31821
17422
26472
3717
21609
20111
6668
31660
49
49
11205
855
2199
2656
_
641
864
1726
1374
890
1023
_
47
199
128
1
samcxe-javaxeTi
kaxeTi
saqarTvelo
aWara
imereTi
guria
Sida qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
kaxeTi
saqarTvelo
aWara
imereTi
guria
Sida qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
kaxeTi
saqarTvelo
aWara
imereTi
guria
Sida qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
kaxeTi
2
514
492
sanitaruli
282421
16898
42127
49131
21174
46938
4732
26960
27178
5663
41620
4. moTxril-motexili
33007
10158
5351
3335
286
1693
61
2091
3926
2932
3174
5. specialuri WrebiT
254893
14941
23210
21935
30143
3374
22096
27886
58849
21245
31214
27
3
215
142
4
299
350
95672
6212
14122
19509
6455
20665
1656
6343
9092
369
11249
186749
10686
28005
29622
14719
26273
3076
20617
18086
5294
30371
9243
2048
2459
1947
62
699
_
576
564
90
798
23764
8110
2892
1388
224
994
61
1515
3362
2842
2376
141060
2200
2262
222
562
163
60
492
7700
139
260
240833
12741
20948
21713
29581
3211
22036
27394
51149
21106
30954
cxrili #5.2
tyis resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis biujetSi Sesatani gadasaxadi
administraciul-teritoriuli erTeulebis mixedviT
lari
1
sul
masala
SeSa
2
3
4
likvidi varjidan
SeSa
fiCxi
5
6
sul biujetSi Sesatani gadasaxadi
saqarTvelo
q. Tbilisi
aWaris a/r
samegrelo-zemo svaneTis mxare
guriis mxare
imereTis mxare
raWa-leCxumisa da qvemo svaneTis mxare
Sida qarTlis mxare
mcxeTa-mTianeTis mxare
kaxeTis mxare
qvemo qarTlis mxare
samcxe-javaxeTis mxare
3788203
21881
255712
345544
551294
436239
356757
249866
334090
542637
146625
547558
2229032
3507
157742
245300
456726
238117
236748
119139
164720
295749
14958
296326
1433495
17888
88031
91314
82440
185519
114551
120264
160453
220407
120838
231790
124805
486
9939
8930
11794
12603
5458
10193
8678
26473
10809
19442
871
_
_
_
334
_
_
270
239
8
20
_
38975
18147
3135
6878
6509
_
878
3428
5135
1063
617
451
2198
_
268
538
110
_
42
_
68
_
_
_
1832
1723
109
_
_
_
_
_
_
731572
2286
38740
36610
10427
116899
45579
83942
82003
108054
82785
124247
51372
_
4328
2787
153
5547
1838
3655
5429
10874
7358
9403
356
_
_
_
290
_
_
48
_
8
10
_
6956
_
2793
270
272
55
92
1047
151
60
_
_
_
_
_
_
60
_
maT Soris mTavari sargeblobiT
saqarTvelo
guriis mxare
imereTis mxare
Sida qarTlis mxare
kaxeTis mxare
296159
74078
33479
86349
44281
8190
11846
37936
251939
54868
29685
79020
35506
8190
10700
33970
maT Soris plantaciuri meurneobiT
saqarTvelo
kaxeTis mxare
qvemo qarTlis mxare
10680
8287
2393
8848
6564
2284
maT Soris specialuri WrebiT
saqarTvelo
q. Tbilisi
aWaris a/r
guriis mxare
imereTis mxare
Sida qarTlis mxare
kaxeTis mxare
qvemo qarTlis mxare
964359
3442
72407
53663
12841
131196
49874
97272
96402
123873
91529
231860
181059
1156
29339
14266
1971
8750
2457
9627
8970
4937
1376
98210
maT Soris moTxril-motexili WriT
saqarTvelo
q. Tbilisi
aWaris a/r
guriis mxare
imereTis mxare
Sida qarTlis mxare
213385
1571
58767
34362
12713
2027
28226
13817
15550
28
140778
306
32155
28489
10491
1298
25144
9460
11043
65591
1265
23819
5603
1950
674
2990
3250
4356
1
kaxeTis mxare
qvemo qarTlis mxare
2
24039
13887
8426
3
16546
1608
4238
4
6588
11213
3883
5
905
1066
305
6
_
_
_
595525
14337
25472
30954
66928
61068
65982
26563
74094
103164
26731
100232
61342
486
2818
4810
10752
6550
3528
3293
3098
14426
2385
9196
345
_
_
_
2
_
_
94
239
_
10
_
3818
_
894
402
108
41
454
528
1391
5
_
_
_
5
_
_
_
_
1234
_
122
_
870
60
130
52
32
_
_
_
32
_
_
_
56195
486
2818
4810
10630
5656
3126
2225
2997
13837
1857
7753
301
_
_
_
2
_
_
50
239
_
10
_
90
90
7
7
maT Soris movliTi WriT
saqarTvelo
q. Tbilisi
aWaris a/r
guriis mxare
imereTis mxare
Sida qarTlis mxare
kaxeTis mxare
qvemo qarTlis mxare
2303620
16868
124538
183441
492261
216667
278657
94496
213948
374592
38816
269336
1646408
2045
96248
147677
414579
149049
209147
64546
136517
257002
9690
159908
maT Soris gamoxSirviTi WriT (movliTi Wridan)
saqarTvelo
imereTis mxare
Sida qarTlis mxare
kaxeTis mxare
qvemo qarTlis mxare
92216
8270
20774
16114
6776
15417
7180
7132
10553
52100
6667
9192
10790
4050
13026
2482
945
4948
36293
1603
10688
4922
2613
2350
4244
5659
4214
maT Soris gavliTi WriT (movliTi Wridan)
saqarTvelo
guriis mxare
imereTis mxare
Sida qarTlis mxare
kaxeTis mxare
36777
5223
4744
3533
14682
2350
3497
2748
30117
5223
3978
3289
10875
2018
2584
2150
5394
_
644
244
2905
272
783
546
maT Soris sanitaruli WriT (movliTi Wridan)
saqarTvelo
q. Tbilisi
aWaris a/r
guriis mxare
imereTis mxare
Sida qarTlis mxare
kaxeTis mxare
qvemo qarTlis mxare
2173460
16868
124538
169948
487517
192360
262543
72278
196181
363508
31684
256035
1563863
2045
96248
135787
410601
136568
198357
49461
121473
251768
8745
152810
553101
14337
25472
29351
66284
50136
61060
20542
71472
97903
21072
95472
maT Soris sarekonstruqcio WriT (movliTi Wridan)
saqarTvelo
Sida qarTlis mxare
q. gori (samTo mety. instit.)
760
760
29
160
160
503
503
cxrili #5.3
xe-tyis ukanono Wra administraciul-teritoriuli erTeulebis mixedviT
saqarTvelo
q. Tbilisi
aWaris a/r
guriis mxare
imereTis mxare
raWa-leCxumisa da qvemo svaneTi
Sida qarTlis mxare
kaxeTis mxare
qvemo qarTlis mxare
gamovlenili SemTxveva, erTeuli
m. S. Zvirfasi jiSi
Semowmebuli
farTobi
7575
505
308
523
103
796
168
482
2424
1446
345
475
511
1
1
32
3
114
2
33
26
277
22
0
715414
_
54767
87647
45749
86930
40000
30466
111400
101660
78225
78570
moculoba, kub. metri
sul
m.S. samasale
47484
15706
2140
50
4987
1446
1330
191
954
67
7297
2798
2541
1123
2008
175
8986
1854
5358
2032
1050
_
10833
5970
aqedan Zvirfasi jiSebi
sul
m.S. samasale
2155
805
1
1
69
45
231
144
17
6
798
495
26
25
44
0
62
17
827
72
80
0
0
0
sanixre Rirebuleba, lari
sul
m. S. Zvirfasi jiSi
403148
42949
10327
65
52036
2622
9709
5644
4490
246
118371
24464
22987
903
11105
350
56458
951
34186
6996
4103
708
79376
0
cxrili #5.4
xe-tyis ukanono WrebisaTvis gaformebuli da samarTaldamcav organoebze gadacemuli aqtebi
administraciul-teritoriuli erTeulebis mixedviT
saqarTvelo
q. Tbilisi
aWaris a/r
guriis mxare
imereTis mxare
raWa-leCxumisa da qvemo svaneTi
Sida qarTlis mxare
kaxeTis mxare
qvemo qarTlis mxare
gaformebuli
aqti, erTeuli
moculoba,
kub. metri
sanixre Rirebuleba, lari
samarTaldamc. organoeb. gadacem. aqti
gamovlen. damnaSaveebze
dakisreb Tanxa, lari
aqedan amoRebuli Tanxa, l.
yadaRadadebuli
xe-tye, lari
3668
505
195
137
60
486
66
371
401
1005
127
315
19324
50
3433
858
230
3470
526
1093
3116
3620
551
2377
140349
_
39011
6837
1430
32537
3531
6648
15087
20963
2038
12267
2772
505
195
118
20
154
3
338
249
974
57
159
390407
14423
12153
26902
14139
88303
8480
32750
34140
75064
21078
62975
54102
_
_
_
2555
28552
3437
3219
2165
5964
6968
1242
19626
_
4298
203
195
375
_
745
907
482
603
11818
Tavi 6
cxovelTa samyaro
2004 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos faunis warmomadgenelTa ricxovnoba sagrZnoblad
Semcirda, rac gamowveulia bolo wlebSi gaxSirebuli brakonierobiTa da adamianis
mier cxovelTa saarsebo garemos ganadgurebiT. kerZod: habitatebis ganadgurebiT,
tyeebis usistemo CexviT, wyalsatevebis dabinZurebiT, Sxamqimikatebis soflis meurneobaSi araswori gamoyenebiT, cxovelTa samigracio gzebis moSliT da sxva anTropogenuri faqtorebiT. gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen msxvili ZuZumwovrebis zogierTi saxeoba, maT Soris Cliqosnebis umetesoba gadaSenebis piras
aRmoCnda. bunebrivi garemos Secvlam cxovelebs waarTva da mkveTrad Secvala maTi
sacxovrebeli pirobebi, ris gamoc maTi nawili an gadaSenebis gzazea an iZulebulia
gaecalos im garemos, romelsac saukuneebis manZilze egueboda. gamonaklisad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos uxerxemloTa fauna, romlis Semcirebis tendencia did procents
ar warmoadgens.
aseve mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda qveynis iqtiofauna, gansakuTrebiT zRvis
ZuZumwovrebi. fskerze tralurma TevzWeram, wylis xarisxis gauaresebam (dabinZurebam) da sxva anTropogenulma faqtorebma ukanasknel wlebSi sagrZnoblad gaauaresa
qveynis wyalsatevebis ekologiuri mdgomareoba, ramac mniSvnelovnad Seamcira
Zvirfasi sarewao Tevzebis saxeobebis maragi.
amJamad, Sav zRvaSi komerciuli faseulobis mqone mxolod 6 ZiriTadi saxeobaa:
Savi zRvis qafSia, Savi zRvis qarsala, Savi zRvis merlangi, katrani (qicviani zvigeni), Savi zRvis xonTqara (barabuli) da kefali. yvelaze mravalricxovan saxeobas
warmoadgens Savi zRvis qafSia, romelic izamTrebs saqarTvelos sanapiro zolSi.
1997 wlidan dRemde qafSiis biomasis Sefaseba TevzWeris sezonis dros xorcieldeba akustikuri meTodis gamoyenebiT. saerTo maragis miaxloebiTi moculoba aris
288000 tona. baTumis Savi zRvis ekologiisa da Tevzis meurneobis samecnierokvleviTi institutis rekomendaciiT qafSiis sarewao maragi Seadgens 50000 tonas.
saqarTvelo evropisaTvis nedleulis (navTobi, gazi) misaRebi gzis karibWes
warmoadgens. mecnierebis azriT, navTobiT wylis dabinZurebis riski did safrTxes
uqmnis wylis garemos. wylis garemos dabinZurebis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT
uxerxemlo mtacebeli qtenoforebi, romelic qafSiis qviriTsa da lifsitebze nadirobs. dRes arsebuli monacemebiT, zamTarSi sufsis maxloblad (navTobterminali)
navTobiT dabinZureba uaryofiT gavlenas axdens qafSiisa da sarewao saxeobebis
Tevzebis maragze, akustikuri dabinZurebis magaliTia aseve gonios sasroli
poligoni, rac uaryofiTad moqmedebs Tevzis migraciaze. fskerze mobinadre Tevzebis
maragi da saxeobebi sagrZnoblad Semcirda, romlis mizezi wylis dabinZureba da
fskerze daleqili mZime metalebia.
saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiros unikalur areals warmoadgens xuTmiliani
zona, foTi-anaklia-oCamCire. es zona erTaderTia saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiro
zolSi, sadac kidev SemorCenilia xelsayreli pirobebi mravali saxeobis Tevzis
gamozamTrebisa da gamozrdisaTvis.
amJamad, sazRvao TevzsaWeri floti saSualo simZlavris Zraviani (110-224) 36
seinerisagan Sedgeba. floti sabWoTa kavSiris dros aris aSenebuli, ar momxdara
maTi modernizacia. TiTqmis yvela maTgani aRWurvilia mxolod pelagiuri tralebiT
(sarewi iaraRiT), seinerebi napiridan iSviaTad gadian 5 milze meti manZiliT.
Sida saxmeleTo wylebSi TevzWera xorcieldeba saqarTvelos umetes
wyalsatevebSi. bolo wlebSi Seswavlilia iseTi unikaluri wyalsatevebi, rogoricaa
farvanis, karwaxis, tabawyuris, jandaris tbebi da tyibulis, sionis, Saoris,
Tbilisis wyalsacavebi. aRniSnul tbebsa da wyalsacavebze mimdinareobs samrewvelo
TevzWera ZiriTadad Semdeg saxeobebze: tbis kalmaxi, Cveulebrivi kobri, sigi, qaSayi,
vercxlisferi kobri, karCxana, xramuli, didTava kobri da wvera.
2004 wels Sida wyalsatevebSi daWerili Tevzis raodenobam Seadgina 400
tona.
didi yuradReba eqceoda cxovelTa samyaros obieqtebiT sargeblobis saxelmwifo regulirebas. 2004-2005 wlebis sanadiro sezonze gaica gadamfren frinvelebze
nadirobis 6906 erTjeradi saxelobiTi licenzia. amave periodSi TevzWeraze gacemulia qarTvel Tevzmompoveblebze 124 da ukrainel Tevzmompoveblebze 21 erTjeradi
saxelobiTi licenzia, xolo cxovelTa samyaros obieqtebiT sargeblobis 1 generaluri licenzia.
2004 wlis mdgomareobiT cxovelTa samyaros obieqtebis aRricxvis mdgomareobis, raodenobrivi cvlilebebis, am cvlilebaTa mizezebis dadgenisa da gasaumjobeseblad ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebis analizis Catareba SeuZlebelia samuSaoebis
mravali wlis manZilze Cautareblobis gamo, rac mniSvnelovan dafinansebasTan aris
dakavSirebuli.
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros regionaluri sammarTveloebis mier mowodebuli informaciebis Tanaxmad saqarTvelos calkeuli regionebis
mixedviT cxovelTa samyaros mdgomareoba aseTia:
aWaris garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis sammarTvelos – 2004 wlis
angariSis mixedviT, ar gaaCnia zusti monacemTa baza aWaris teritoriaze cxovelTa
samyaros saxeobebisa da maTi gavrcelebis arealebis Taobaze.
endemuri, iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras myofi faunis warmomadgenelTagan Seswavlili da dadgenilia mxolod mcireaziuri da Cveulebrivi tritonis, kavkasiuri
salamandras mdgomareoba. maTi dacvis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mizniT ispani da
mTa mtirala aRkveTilad aris gamocxadebuli.
2004 wlis da saerTod ukanaskneli aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi aWaris sanapirosTan dafiqsirebulia Tevzis 56 saxeoba, maT Soris sarewao mniSvnelobisaa oTxi
saxeoba – qafSia, Sproti, katrani, merlangi. sarewao mniSvneloba gaaCnia xonTqaras,
stavridas, Rorjoebis ramodenime saxeobas.
baTumis Savi zRvis ekologiisa da Tevzis meurneobis samecniero-kvleviTi
institutisa da FAO-s (gaerosTan arsebuli sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis
organizacia) monacemebiT Sav zRvaSi sarewao Tevzis maragisa da ekologiuri
wonasworobis rRvevis erT-erTi mizezi molusk savarcxluras SemoWra da
gamravlebaa. savarcxlura anadgurebs Tevzis qviriTs da mozardebs. kvleviTi
samuSaoebisaTvis saWiro dafinansebis ar arsebobis gamo sakiTxi bolomde ar aris
Seswavlili da gaanalizebuli.
kolxeTis dablobi da misi Warbteniani tyeebi, torfnarebi, Siga wylebi da
sxva ekosistemebi istoriulad veluri faunis warmomadgenlebisaTvis bunebriv
TavSesafars warmoadgenda. adamianis zemoqmedebis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad Semcirda
nadir-frinvelTa saerTo raodenoba, TiTqmis gadaSenebis piras iyo Sveli, gareuli
Rori, wavi, xoxobi da sxva. CamoTvlili cxovelebis calkeuli egzempliarebi
kolxeTis erovnuli parkis teritoriaze mxolod adamianebisaTvis Znelad misasvlel
teritoriebze gvxdeboda. dReisaTvis kolxeTis erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
aRricxulia 194 saxeobis frinveli, maT Soris mobinadrea _ 62, mimomfrenia _ 76
saxeoba, xolo 56 saxeoba mozamTrea. saqarTvelos wiTel wignSia Setanili Savi
yaryati, ruxi wero, didi TeTri yanCa da mcire TeTri yanCa, myivana gedi. xolo
xuWuWa varxvi, RalRa da goWa IUCN-is wiTel nusxaSia Setanili. bolo periodSi
kolxeTis erovnuli parkis teritoriaze SeiniSneba veluri faunis matebis
tendencia, rac nadirobis masStabebis SemcirebiT aixsneba.
rogorc mTlianad regionSi, ise kolxeTis erovnuli parkis teritoriaze
33
Zalze momravlda tura, romelic did zians ayenebs cxovelTa samyaros (Wams wvril
frinvelebs, bartyebs, kvercxebs, axalSobil cxovelebs da sxva).
gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa iqtiofaunis mdgomareoba Sav zRvasa da qveynis Sida
wylebSi. dadgenilia, rom bolo 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi Sav zRvaSi Tevzis 23 saxeobidan, romlebsac samrewvelo daniSnuleba hqondaT, dReisaTvis mxolod 5 saxeobaa
SemorCenili. mag: stavrida, romelic arc ise didi xnis win komerciuli TevzWeris
mniSvnelovan obieqts warmoadgenda, praqtikulad ukve gamqralia, igive iTqmis azovis
zRvis qafSiaze, Savi zRvis qaSayze da sxva. gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSea Savi zRvis
oraguli da atlanturi zuTxi, es ukanaskneli iSviaTi saxeobebis ricxvs
miekuTvneba da saqarTvelos da saerTaSoriso wiTel wignebSia Setanili.
kidev ufro savalalo mdgomareobaSia paliastomis tba. gasuli saukunis 40iani wlebis gamokvleviT tbaSi 39-mde saxeobis Tevzi binadrobda. 2002 wels
Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegad tbaSi dafiqsirda 5 saxeobis Tevzi: kefalis sami
saxeoba (pelengasi, SavTvaleba kefali da lobani), zRvis cxenTevza da Rorjo. tbis
zRvasTan damakavSirebeli arxis gaWris Sedegad tbis wylis marilianoba 1-dan 13%mde gaizarda, Sedegad mniSvnelovnad Semcirda planqtonisa da benTosis biomasis
raodenoba, ramac uaryofiTad imoqmeda iqtiofaunis zrda-ganviTarebaze. paliastomis
wylis dabinZurebas adgili aqvs torfis yofil karierebSi wyalSi darCenili organuli masis bioqimiuri gardaqmnis Sedegad gamoyofili toqsikuri biogenuri elementebiT gajerebuli wylis tbaSi CadinebiT. yovelive amas emateba bolo periodSi
qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare Tevzis
ukanono Weris masStabebis gazrdac. am da sxva mizezTa gamo paliastomis tbis
bunebrivi funqciis aRdgena moiTxovs tbasa da mis auzSi mimdinare procesebze
kompleqsur kvlevas, raTa moinaxos tbis gadarCenis optimaluri gza.
imereTis regionSi cxovelTaA samyaros obieqtebze aRricxvis, raodenobrivi
cvlilebebis da sxva samuSaoebis Cautareblobis gamo Sesabamisi informacia ar moepovebaT. aseve ar aris informacia wylis ekologiuri wonasworobis rRvevis dinamikis da sarewao TevzWeris moculobis Sesaxeb.
sammarTvelos mier xdeba gadamfren frinvelebze sanadiro erTjeradi
licenziebis gacema. sul 2004-2005 wlisaTvis gacemulia 2016 cali licenzia.
raWis regionSi cxovelTa samyaros saerTo mdgomareoba damakmayofilebelia.
gavrcelebuli cxovelebidan dablobSi gvxvdeba: kurdReli, mela, maCvi, mgeli,
focxveri, wavi, kverna. maRal mTaSi gavrcelebulia: kavkasiuri mura daTvi, Sveli,
arCvi. kavkasionis ferdobebze gvxvdeba jixvi.
cudi mdgomareobaa kavkasiuri jixvis aRwarmoebis saqmeSi. maTi jogebi mniSvnelovnadaa Semcirebuli, aseve Semcirebulia arCvis jogebis ricxovneba, rac gamowveulia mglebis sagrZnoblad momravlebiT.
qvemo svaneT-leCxumis regionis teritoriaze binadrobs cxovelTa samyaros
Semdegi warmomadgenlebi: mura daTvi, mgeli, focxveri, tyis kata, evropuli Sveli,
arCvi, jixvi, kverna, maCvi, mela, kurdReli, dedofala, ciyvi, gareuli Rori,
promeTes memindvria da sxva.
frinvelebidan: SurTxi, Sevardeni, qori, mimino, Zera, arwivi, svavi, orbi, bu,
kodala, guguli, beRurasebrTa warmomadgenlebi.
regionSi ar aris sarewao TevzWera. Tevzis, gansakuTrebiT kalmaxis mopoveba
xdeba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mier, xSirad akrZaluli meTodebiT. aRiniSneba
eleqtroSokis aparatebiT Tevzis mopovebis SemTxvevebi.
xaSuris raionSi gavrcelebulia: daTvi, mgeli, Rori, mela, kurdReli, bati,
ixvi, qaTami, arwivi, qedani, qori. daufinaseblobis gamo maTi aRricxva ver xerxdeba.
samcxe-javaxeTis regioni mdidaria cxovelTa samyaroTi, romelTa gavrceleba
xdeba regionis mTlian teritoriaze. maTi aRricxva Catarebulia mxolod borjom34
xaragaulis erovnul parkSi da am teritoriis samcxe-javaxeTis nawilSi
dafiqsirebulia nadirTa 55 da frinvelTa 49 saxeoba.
regionSi gvxdeba wiTel wignSi Setanili cxovelTa samyaros Semdegi saxeobebi:
ZuZumwovrebidan – Wreltyava, wavi, kavkasiuri focxveri, kavkasiuri iremi,
amierkavkasiuri zazuna, mcire kbilTeTra, giganturi meRamura, jiqi; frinvelebidan –
oSxani anu yaryati, TeTrkuda arwivi, wiTelTava narCita, Sevardeni, mTis arwivi,
Saki, gvelisWamia arwivi anu Zeraboti, gnoli, ruxi wero, kavkasiuri roWo, orbi,
TeTri
yanCa,
didi
koWoba,
wiTelferovani
koWobura,
wiTelTava
RaJo;
qvewarmavlebidan – kavkasiuri gvelgesla, cxvirrqosani gvelgesla; amfibiebidan –
mcire aziuri tritoni, kavkasiuri jvriana.
saministros mier axalcixis “monkavSir“-ze 14.03.01w. gacemulia licenzia
samoyvarulo-sportuli TevzWeris mizniT md. mtkvris monakveTze (ZiriTadi SenakadebiT) saqarTvelo-TurqeTis sazRvridan qarelis r-nis sof. axalsoflamde, axalqalaqis, aspinZis, axalcixis, borjomisa da xaSuris r-nis CaTvliT, romelic ZalaSia
2011 wlis 14 martamde.
regionSi xelovnuri wyalsatevebi mcire datvirTviT funqcionireben; maT
gaaCniaT Tevzsavalebi da Tevzamridebi. wyalsatevebi binZurdeba sayofacxovrebo
narCenebiT da sawarmoo Camdinare wylebiT. tbebis irgvliv mosaxleobas aqvs
nakveTebi, xdeba min. sasuqebis gamoyeneba, aRniSnuli faqtorebi cud gavlenas axdenen
cxovelTa samyaros dacvaze da aRwarmoebaze. regionSi ar aris gamovlenili gareul
cxovelTa daavadebis kerebi.
Sida qarTlis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia cxovelTa samyaros Semdegi
warmomadgenlebi: kverna, mela, mgeli, gareuli Rori, daTvi, focxveri, Sveli, ciyvi,
tura, kurdReli. frinvelebidan - qori, mimino, myivana arwivi, Cveulebrivi kakabi,
Citbatona, Savi yaryati, qedani, yorani, mwyeri, RalRa, guguli, mercxali, kodala,
niblia, Cxikvi, SaSvi, CxlarTvi da sxva.
Sida qarTlis regionis mdinareebis iqtiofauna warmodgenilia Semdegi saxeobis
TevzebiT: xramuli, murwa, fetvia, qaSapi, kalmaxi.
iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras myofi saxeobebidan – kavkasiuri iremi, focxveri,
wavi, kavkasiuri roWo, SurTxi, maRali mTis arwivi.
goris satyeo meurneobis teritoriaze samonadireo meurneoba “faunas” aRricxuli aqvs 90 kverna, 91 melia, 19 mgeli, 76 gareuli Rori. kaspis s/meurneobas ki
21 daTvi, 64 maCvi, 42 gareuli Rori, 35 Sveli, 22 mgeli, 64 melia, 74 kverna, 35
ciyvi, 68 tura, 75 kurdReli, 18 gareuli kata.
regionSi 2004 wels gamovlenili iqna unebarTvo nadirobis 11 faqti da
ukanono TevzWeris 10 SemTxveva. wyalsatevebidan amoRebuli iqna 680 cali
avtomanqanis saburavi (e.w. “oCxi”).
qvemo qarTlis regionSi gavrcelebulia cxovelTa samyaros Semdegi warmomadgenlebi: mgeli, mela, kurdReli, kverna, ciyvi, iremi, Sveli, gareuli Rori, daTvi
da sxva. frinvelebidan _ kakabi, xoxobi, qedani, mwyeri, tyis qaTami, ixvi, mcire
odenobiT gnoli.
qvemo qarTlis regioni warmoadgens nadirobisaTvis xelsayrel adgils, razedac
metyvelebs Semdegi garemoebebi:
dmanisis teritoriaze sof. gomareTTan alpur saZovrebamde 586 ha-ze gvxvdeba
gareuli Rori, Sveli, mgeli, mela, xolo frinvelTagan tyis qaTami, kavkasiuri
roWo, Cveulebrivi mwyeri da sxva. alpur saZovrebze mdebareobs 3 bunebrivi tba,
sadac frinvelebidan gavrcelebulia: ixvi, bekasi, valSnepi, tbaSi gvxvdeba kobri,
nafota. md. maSaveraSi gavrcelebulia xramuli, saTaveSi ki kalmaxi. 2002 wlis
oqtombris TveSi Seiqmna S.p.s. ”geSi”, romlis profilia nadir-frinvelis moSeneba da
samoyvarulo nadiroba.
35
bolnisis raionis teritoriaze Camoedineba mdinareebi xrami da maSavera. md.
maSaveraSi daba kazreTis qvemo Camdinare dabinZurebuli wylebis gamo iSviaTad
SeiniSneba iqtiofaunis saxeebi. rac Seexeba md. xrams, igi mdidaria TevziT: xramuli,
nafota, wvera da sxva. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ganmartebiT md. xramSi Tevzis
maragma katastrofulad iklo, rac gamowveulia gansakuTrebiT akrZalul qviriTobis
periodSi brakonieruli TevzWeris gamo.
TeTriwyaros raioni mdidaria, rogorc tyiT, aseve alpuri saZovrebiT, tbebiT
da mdinareebiT. aRsaniSnavia sami wyalsacavi: lipis, asureTisa da algeTis. mcire
tbebia marabdis, borbalos, goxnaris da ivanovkis, romelTa saerTo farTobi 160 ha
Seadgens. aqve Camodis md. xrami da algeTi otavis mcire SenakadebiT. algeTis wyalsacavis teritoriaze Seiqmna sakalmaxe meurneoba ind. mew. “Samil mestviriSvili”,
romlis farTobia 4 ha.
TeTriwyaros raionSi mdebareobs algeTis saxelmwifo nakrZali, romlis
farTobia 7000 ha-mde. aq gvxvdeba gareuli Rori, gareuli kata, maCvi, tura, wavi,
erTeuli focxveri; frinvelebi – xoxobi, ixvi, gnoli, kakabi, tyis qaTami. sof.
kldekarSi Caedineba mcire mdinare, romelic Cadis goxnaris tbaSi da gansakuTrebiT
mdidaria kalmaxiT.
walkis raioni mdebareobs alpur zonaSi. aq miedineba mdinareebi xrami da qcia,
romlebic mdidaria xramuliT, wveraTi, nafotaTi da kalmaxiT. cxovelebidan am
raionSi gavrcelebulia daTvi, tura, mgeli, maCvi, xolo frinvelebidan ixvi, bati
da sxva. walkis raionSi mdebareobs didi wyalsacavi, romlis sarkis zedapiri 1660
ha-ia, misi daTevzianeba ar momxdara 1990 wlis Semdeg, licenzia gacemulia 2003
wlidan Tevzis rewvaze.
gardabnis raionSi Tevzis meurneobisaTvis gamoyenebulia jandaris tba – sarkis
zedapiri 1060 ha. aq Tevzis gamravlebis bunebrivi pirobebi xelsayrelia, magram
daTevzianeba ar momxdara 1998 wlidan.
kumisis tba _ sarkis zedapiri 445 ha. 2002 wlis 19-20 marts moxda Tevzis
masiuri ganadgureba (30 tonamde) marilis koncentraciis mkveTri momatebis gamo.
md. mtkvris xeobaSi gacemulia ori licenzia. “sazogadoeba Tbilisis monadireTa da meTevzeTa klubze”, orTaWalhesidan wiTel xidamde, weliwadSi 1,9 tona
Tevzis, sportuli da samoyvarulo mizniT mopovebis uflebiT.
kaxeTis regionSi faunis warmomadgenelTa mdgomareoba gamoiyureba Semdegnairad:
axmetis saxelmwifo nakrZalSi gavrcelebulia cxovelTa da frinvelTa Semdegi
saxeobebi: kavkasiuri iremi, jixvi, kavkasiuri mura daTvi, Sveli, arCvi, Rori, mgeli,
mela, tura, focxveri, kverna, maCvi, wavi, gareuli kata, dedofala, kurdReli,
ciyvi, niamori, jiqi, kavkasiuri focxveri da sxva.
frinvelebi: kraviWamia, mTis arwivi, kavkasiuri roWo, svavi, orbi, didi oyari,
didi koWoba, wiTelmucela, bolocecxla, kaWkaWi, yvavi, yorani, Cxikvi, SaSvi, kakabi,
gnoli da sxva.
qvewarmavlebi: kavkasiuri gvelgesla – endemi, xmelTaSua zRvis ku, tritoni,
giurza.
sagarejos raionis teritoriaze arsebul yoruRis saxelmwifo aRkveTilSi
gavrcelebulia cxovelTa da frinvelTa Semdegi saxeobebi: Sveli, gareuli Rori,
kurdReli, mgeli, tura, gareuli kata, mela, wavi, maCvi, daTvi.
frinvelebi: xoxobi, duraji, kakabi, Cxikvi, kaWkaWi, SaSvi, CxarTvi, yvavi,
yorani, mwyeri, qedani, gvriti da sxva.
mariamjvris nakrZalSi gavrcelebulia ZuZumwovara cxovelebi: kavkasiuri
mgeli, kavkasiuri mura daTvi, amierkavkasiis maCvi, amierkavkasiis mela, kavkasiuri
qvis kverna, amierkavkasiuri kurdReli da sxva.
vaSlovanis saxelmwifo nakrZalSi, romelic mdebareobs dedofliswyaros raio36
nis teritoriaze, gavrcelebuli faunis warmomadgenloba gamoiyureba Semdegnairad:
ZuZumwovara cxovelebi – daTvi, mgeli, tura, focxveri, zolebiani afTari,
maCvi, gareuli Rori, kurdReli da sxva.
mtacebeli frinvelebi – svavi, orbi, faskunji, beqobis arwivi.
frinvelebi – kakabi, gnoli, sarsaraki, savaTi, Savi yaryati, qedani, gvriti,
mtredi, mwyeri, SaSvi.
qvewarmavlebi – Sxamiani gveli, giurza, dasavluri maxrCobela.
cxovelTa, frinvelTa da qvewarmavalTa gadarCenis mizniT wiTel wignSi Setanilia Semdegi saxeobebi:
cxovelebi – niamori, jiqi, wavi, kavkasiuri focxveri, kavkasiuri iremi, kavkasiuri mura daTvi.
frinvelebi – kraviWamia Zera, mTis arwivi, kavkasiuri roWo, svavi, orbi, TeTri
yanCa, didi koWobi, wiTelmucela bolocecxla.
qvewarmavlebi – kavkasiuri gvelgesla, endemi, xmelTaSua zRvis ku, tritoni.
kaxeTis regionSi arsebobs 96 tbori, romelTa saerTo farTia 1677,04 ha.
2004 wlis mdgomareobiT moqmedia 52 tbori. aqedan Telavis raionSi – 6, axmetis –
1, gurjaanis – 7, sagarejos – 1, yvarlis – 5, siRnaRis – 19, lagodexis – 10.
wyalsatevebis momsaxure personalis ganmartebiT xdeba wyalsatevebis saerTo mdgomareobaze mxolod vizualuri dakvirveba da ar xdeba Canawerebis Sedgena. xdeba
Tevzis maragis da saqviriTe ubnebis Seswavla. warmoebs Tevzis saxeobrivi, zomiTi,
woniTi da asakobrivi analizi. aseve xdeba miyenebuli zaralis dafiqsireba. mimdinare
wels SeiniSneboda sokovani daavadebebi, romlis sawinaamRdegod Setanili iqna kiris
xsnari.
lagodexis raionSi tyis masivebis daWaobebis problemebis gamo, arsebobs koRo
anafelisis gavrcelebisa da malarias gamomwvevi calkeuli kerebis warmoqmnis
safrTxe.
mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionSi gavrcelebulia faunis warmomadgenelTa Semdegi
saxeobebi:
cxovelTa saxeobebi
raodenoba
1
2
mcxeTis raioni
daTvi
focxveri
iremi
Sveli
mgeli
mela
tura
5-8
60-70
8-10
80-100
200-250
300-350
250-300
TianeTis raioni
daTvi
mgeli
mela
Sveli
140-150
200-230
200-250
80-100
duSeTis raioni
niamori
kavkasiuri focxveri
kavkasiuri iremi
daTvi
50-70
100-10
25-30
40-60
37
1
2
500-600
300-400
550-600
120-1300
1400-1500
50-60
150-200
2-3
70-80
170-180
2000-2500
100-150
4500-5000
mela
mgeli
tura
kurdReli
kverna
wavi
jixvi
jiqi
kavkasiuri tyis kata
maCvi
ciyvi
Sveli
zRarbi
axalgoris raioni
daTvi
mgeli
mela
Sveli
tura
focxveri
70-75
230-250
180-200
40-50
130-150
10-15
yazbegis raioni
jixvi
mgeli
niamori
100-150
80-100
30-40
Tavi 7
radiaciuli mdgomareoba
atmosferos miwispira fenis radiaciuli fonis gazomvas yovelwliurad
awarmoebs saministros hidrometeorologiis saqveuwyebo departamenti da garemos
monitoringis samsaxuri. 2004 wels funqcionirebda 15 operatiuli sadguri,
romelTa monacemebis safuZvelze aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi foni Seadgenda 10-17
mikrorentgens saaTSi, dasavleT saqarTveloSi – 11-14 mikrorentgens saaTSi, xolo
TbilisSi – 11-13 mikrorentgens saaTSi. am monacemebidan Cans, rom gama-gamosxivebis
simZlavre mTel saqarTveloSi normis farglebSia (norma < 60 mkr/sT).
Sesrulebulia agreTve beta-gamosxivebis gazomva TbilisSi daleqil mtverSi,
romelic Seadgenda 1,8-2,5 bekerels/m2, rac bunebrivi fonis farglebSia.
Cernobilis katastrofiT gamowveuli niadagis radiaciuli dabinZureba
SeiniSneba dasavleT saqarTveloSi. teqnogenuri dabinZurebuli laqebi dafiqsirda:
• q. quTaisSi – 12 kilobekereli/m2 (kbk/m2).
• quTaisis aeroportSi – 25kbk/m2.
• wyaltuboSi – 15kbk/m2.
• samtrediaSi – 8kbk/m2.
• ianeTSi – 10kbk/m2.
• xonSi – 32kbk/m2.
• maTxojSi – 15kbk/m2.
38
• qoTianeTSi – 35kbk/m2.
• zugdidSi – 28kbk/m2.
• grigoleTSi – 30kbk/m2.
• senakSi - 17kbk/m2.
am laqebSi ZiriTadad SeiniSneba cezium-137 radionuklidebis maRali
koncentracia. SedarebisaTvis – quTaisis aeroportis daulaqavebul teritoriaze
dabinZurebis xarisxi Seadgens 6,4kbk/m2.
Cernobilis katastrofis Sedegebis likvidacia moiTxovs kolosalur finansur
resursebs, rasac ver axerxeben ekonomikurad ganviTarebuli qveynebi. saqarTveloSi
salikvidacio samuSaoebis Catareba, qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare,
SeuZlebelia. mecnierebis azriT, bunebrivi TviTreabilitaciis procesi saqarTvelos
umetes regionebSi ukve SeiniSneba da mosalodnelia, rom 30-40 wlis Semdeg
Cernobilis Sedegebi aRar iarsebebs.
rac Seexeba wyalsatevebis radioaqtiuri dabinZurebis donis gansazRvras, 2004
wels es samuSao ar ganxorcielebula hidrometeorologiisa da garemos monitoringis samsaxuris eqspediciebis daufinanseblobis gamo.
qalaqebsa da dasaxlebul punqtebSi ukontrolod darCenili radioaqtiuri
wyaroebis saZiebo samuSaoebi xorcieldeba garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministros birTvuli da radiaciuli usafrTxoebis samsaxuris mier. 2004 wlis
ganmavlobaSi napovni iqna 20 radioaqtiuri wyaro, romelTa Soris iyo cezium-137,
kobalt-60, stroncium-90, radium-226 radionuklidebis Semcveli xelsawyonakeTobebi. sof. saakaZeSi da q. baTumSi napovni iyo cezium-137 wyaroebi damcavi
konteinerebis gareSe.
zemoaRniSnuli wyaroebi amJamad gauvnebelyofilia da ganTavsebulia saimedo
sacavebSi.
2004 wlis ianvridan birTvuli da radiaciuli usafrTxoebis samsaxurs
dawyebuli aqvs saqarTveloSi arsebuli yvela saxis maionebeli gamosxivebis
saSualebaTa registracia. es samuSao gastans 2006 wlamde.
aRsaniSnavia, rom 2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi ar dafiqsirebula arcerTi
radiologiuri incidenti da arcerTi SemTxveva adamianTa mier sxivuri travmebis
miRebis Sesaxeb.
dabinZurebul obieqtebs Soris ZiriTadi adgili ukavia yofil sabWoTa
samxedro bazebs, calkeul nawilebs da obieqtebs. mag. vazianis samxedro bazis
teritoriaze dabinZurebuli iyo 14000 ha farTobi. gawmenda ganxorcielebul iqna
2001-2004 wlebSi. yofil TviTmfrinavsaremonto samxedro nawilis teritoriaze
500kv. metris farTobi dabinZurebulia radium-226 radionuklidebiT. cezium-137-iT
dabinZurebuli laqebi SeiniSneba qobuleTis yofil sabWoTa savertmfreno polkis
teritoriaze.
samrewvelo obieqtebis mier gamowveuli dabinZurebis SemTxvevebi aRiniSna
rusTavis metalurgiul qarxanaSi da foTis yofil gemTsaremonto qarxanaSi. orive
SemTxvevaSi dabinZurebuli teritoriebi gawmendil iqna TviT am obieqtebis muSamosamsaxureTa ZalebiT specialistebisagan miRebuli rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
birTvuli da radiaciuli usafrTxoebis samsaxuri ganuwyvetliv asrulebs im
samxedro, samedicino, sawarmoo, samecniero-kvleviTi da saswavlo obieqtebis
inspeqtirebas, romlebic ewevian radiaciul saqmianobas.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am organizaciebis licenzirebis sakiTxi (licenziebis
miniWebis iuridiuli procedura) Zalian garTulebulia. am profilis organizaciebze saxelmwifo kontroli aucileblad unda arsebobdes, magram ara iseTi
garTulebuli formiT, rogorsac arsebuli kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs.
39
saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros monacemebiT 2004 wels maionebeli gamosxivebis wyaroebis 88% gamoiyeneboda medicinaSi.
saerTo rentgeno-radiologiuri gamokvlevebis ricxvSi kvlav Warbobs rentgenoskopiuri gamokvlevebis raodenoba, rac ganapirobebs gamokvleuli mosaxleobis sxivuri
datvirTvis momatebas. aRiniSneba, rom rentgenis kabinetebis teqnikuri Semowmebis
procedura srulyofili ar aris.
Tavi 8
garemoze fizikuri zemoqmedebis
gansakuTrebuli saxeebi
xmauri. 2004 wels garemos dacvis institutis ZalebiT Tbilisis quCebsa da
magistralebze Catarebuli gazomvebis Sedegad kvlav dafiqsirda xmauris maRali
doneebi (70-80dbA farglebSi). miRebuli Sedegebi iZleva wina wlebis monacemebTan
Sedarebis saSualebas, magram gazomvebi DSesrulebulia mxolod sakontrolo
wertilebSi, rac ar asaxavs xmauris situacias mTeli qalaqis teritoriaze.
arsebuli monacemebi warmodgenilia cxrilSi #8.1.
cxrili #8.1
2004 wels avtosatransporto nakadebis xmauris maxasiaTeblebi
q. Tbilisis zogierTi quCisa da magistralisaTvis
(garemos dacvis institutis monacemebi)
#
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
gazomvis adgili
faliaSvilis q.
i. abaSiZis q.
varazisxevi
meliqiSvilis q.
kostavas q.
rusTavelis gamz.
vaJa-fSavelas gamz.
wereTlis gamz.
bgeris ekvivalenturi done dbA
70
73
80
76
75
77
76
76
moyvanili monacemebi adastureben mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb, rom Tbilisis ZiriTadi quCebisa da magistralebis maxloblad ganlagebul sacxovrebel da sazogadoebriv SenobebTan warmoiqmneba zenormatiuli xmauri.
2004 wels ganxorcielebuli rekonstruqciis Sedegad nawilobriv Seicvala
avtosatransporto nakadebis moZraobis mimarTulebebi e.w. „samkuTxedis“ quCebSi.
gazomvis Sedegebis mixedviT, romlebic Sesrulebul iqna rekonstruqciamde da
cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, xmauris ekvivalenturi done 1-2 dbA sididiT
gazrdilia varazisxevSi. meliqiSvilis quCaze moZraobis saSualo siCqaris
Semcirebis gamo xmauris ekvivalenturi donis zrda dafiqsirebuli ar aris, xolo
kostavas quCaze is Semcirda 1-2 dbA sididiT.
avtosatransporto xmaurisgan damcavi RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba SesaZlebeli
iqneba sxvadasxva uwyebaTa specialistebis erToblivi ZalisxmeviT. pirvel rigSi
aucilebelia TbilisSi avtosatransporto nakadebis moZraobisas warmoqnili xmauris
srulfasovani Seswavla da qalaqis axali xmauris rukis Seqmna.
40
2004 wels saqalaqTaSoriso saavtomobilo da sarkinigzo satransporto
nakadebis moZraobiT gamowveuli xmauris Seswavla qveyanaSi ar ganxorcielebula
daufinanseblobis gamo.
Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros sanitaruli
inspeqciis monacemebiT 2004 wels xmauris intensivobaze gamokvlkeulia xmauris
wyaros mqone 224 obieqti, romelTagan sanitaruli normebisa da wesebis moTxovnebs
ar akmayofilebs 191 (85%).
vibraciuli. mdgomareobis analizisaTvis saWiro informacia ar arsebobs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad mrewvelobisa da transportis dRevandeli arasruli
datvirTviT muSaobisa, vibraciis wyaroebis arseboba eWvs ar iwvevs.
eleqtromagnituri velebi. garemoSi eleqtromagnituri velebis ZiriTadi
anTropogenuri wyaroebia:
− maRali da zemaRali Zabvis eleqtruli xazebi;
− Senoba-nagebobebis eleqtruli qselebi da sayofacxovrebo wyaroebi;
− eleqtrostatikuri muxtis mqone zedapirebi, eleqtrizebadi nivTierebebis gadanacvlebis teqnologiuri procesebi (navTobis, gazis, fxvieri nivTierebebis gadanacvlebis dros da a.S.);
− mZlavri radio da telegadamcemi mowyobilobebi da sadgurebi;
− radiolokaciuri sadgurebi;
− mikrotalRuri sayofacxovrebo teqnika (Rumelebi da a.S);
− personaluri radiokavSiris saSualebani (maT Soris fiWuri satelefono da
satelituri radiokavSiri);
− personaluri gamoTvliTi manqanebi;
− eleqtrotransportis kontaqturi xazebi da TviT eleqtrotransporti.
msoflioSi mimdinare integraciulma procesebma axali moTxovnebi wauyena
telekomunikaciebis sistemebs. farTovdeba kavSirgabmulobis iseTi sfero, rogoricaa
Tanamgzavrze mimarTuli sadgurebi. aSenda da eqspluataciaSia 19 sadguri.
mobiluri kavSirgabmulobis kompania `magTikomi~-s da „jeoseli“-s sabazo
sadgurebis raodenobam Seadgina Sesabamisad 278 da 372, xolo sareleo sadgurebma
– 350 da 372.
2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi eleqtromagnituri gamosxivebis wyaros mqone 117
obieqtis sanitaruli pasporti (Sedgenili maTi mflobelebis mier), dadgenili
wesiT, SeTanxmebul iqna saxelmwifo sanitaruli zedamxedvelobis samsaxurTan.
q. Tbilisis teritoriaze garemos dacvis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis mier
eleqtromagnituri velebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Seswavlis safuZvelze dadginda,
rom eleqtromagnituri velis mniSvneloba izrdeba e.w. „pikis saaTebSi“ (daaxloebiT
11 saaTidan 15 saaTamde da 19 saaTidan 22 saaTamde).
periodulad xorcieldeba moqalaqeTa saCivrebis safuZvelze (11 saCivari)
calkeuli obieqtebis Seswavla Sesabamisi daskvnebiT.
ekologiurad
usafrTxo,
sufTa
radioqselebis
Sesaqmnelad
kompania
„magTikomma“ danerga qselis Senebis axali principi. fiWuri kavSirgabmulobis
qselSi moxda eleqtromanituri velis wyaroTa simZlavreebis gadanawileba
radiosignaliT. Seiqmna dabali simZlavris sabazo sadgurebisgan Semdgari xSiri
radioqseli. amiT gaumjobesda signalis xarisxi da Semcirda eleqtromagnituri
velis intensivoba, romelic dauaxlovda bunebriv fons.
41
Tavi 9
wlis meteorologiuri pirobebis Taviseburebebi.
bunebrivi katastrofebi da stiqiuri ubedurebebi
2004 wlis martis TveSi, kavkasionis qedze Zlieri didTovlobisa da Semdgomi
Zlieri wvimebis fonze meteorologiurma sadgurebma da sxva Sesabamisma samsaxurebma
daafiqsires atmosferuli naleqebis saSualo mniSvnelobebisa da stiqiuri ubedurebebis statistikuri monacemebi qveynis Semdegi geografiuli regionebis mixedviT:
aRmosavleT saqarTvelo, dasavleT saqarTvelo, svaneT-leCxumi, aWaris mTianeTi, Savi
zRvispireTi da q. Tbilisi.
arasruli monacemebiT, saqarTvelos teritoriaze 75 Zlieri wvimis (maT Soris
15 setyviT), 8 qariSxlis, 2 mewyeris da 8 xanZris Sedegad dazianda sacxovrebeli
saxlebi, avtosatransporto gzebi, xidebi, daitbora sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi, daixoca Sinauri frinveli da cxoveli. arasruli monacemebiT, finansurma
zaralma gadaaWarba 14,4 mln. lars.
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi wlis ganmavlobaSi dafiqsirda qariSxlis 3
SemTxveva, Zlieri wvimis – 11 SemTxveva, maT Soris – 9 Zlieri setyviT. aRniSnuli
movlenebis gamo daiRupa 1 adamiani, ganadgurda saqoneli, dazianda sacxovrebeli
saxlebi da sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi, gzebi da eleqtrogadamcemi xazebi.
dasavleT saqarTveloSi dafiqsirda Zlieri qaris 3 SemTxveva, Zlieri wvimisa
da setyvis 6 SemTxveva, agreTve, Camowva zvavi da mewyeri.
svaneT-leCxumis regionSi hidrometeorologiuri samsaxurebis 2004 wlis
monacemebiT, dafiqsirebulia 4 mewyeris Camowola da 5 Zlieri wvima setyviT.
mestiis raionSi mewyeris Camowolis Sedegad daiRupa 2 adamiani.
atmosferuli naleqebis, saSualo temperaturebis da stiqiuri ubedurebebis
monacemebi qveynis regionebis mixedviT moyvanilia cxrilSi #9.1 da naxazebze 9.19.6.
cxrili #9.1
bunebrivi katastrofebi da stiqiuri ubedurebebi
#
1
Tve da
ricxvi
2
movlenis adgili
movlena
miyenebuli zarali
3
4
5
aRmosavleT saqarTvelo
1
3
3 marti
6 marti
dedofliswyaro
samcxe-javaxeTis
mxare
Zleri qari
wyaldidoba
4
6-7 marti
yazbegi
qariSxali
5
7 marti
mcxeTa-mTianeTis
mxare
Zlieri qari
6
6 aprili
Sida qarTli
7
29 aprili
xaSuris raioni
dabali
temperatura
Zlieri wvima,
wyaldidoba
42
dazianda savargulebi
adidda md. mtkvari, ris Sedegad dazianda saavtomobilo gzis 70 metriani
monakveTi da wyalSi gadavarda erTi
satvirTo manqana
dazianda sacxovreb. da sayofacxovrebo Senobebi, eleqtrogadamcemi xazebi
yazbegis raionSi amovardnilma qarma
daaziana “magTikomis” gadamcemi antena,
maRali Zabvis el. xazebi
-10,5°C yinvam daaziana sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebi
daitbora sacxovrebeli saxlebis ezoebi, gzebi, sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi
1
8
2
5 maisi
9
15-16 maisi
10
26 maisi
gurjaani,
bolnisi
TianeTis raioni
11
12
1 ivnisi
1 ivnisi
axmetis raioni
bolnisis raioni
13
8 ivnisi
Telavis raioni
14
9 ivnisi
15
9 ivnisi
sagarejos,
gurjaanis,
Telavis raionebi
yvareli
16
22 ivnisi
17
22-23 ivnisi
gudauri-mleTis
monakveTi
duSeTi
18
24 ivnisi
axalcixe
19
27 ivlisi
gurjaani,
yvareli, TianeTi
gurjaani
20 6 agvisto
21
12 seqtemberi
3
Telavi
ninowmindis
raioni
4
Zlieri wvima,
setyva
Zlieri wvima,
setyva
Zlieri setyva
setyva
Zlieri wvima,
setyva
Zlieri wvima,
setyva
Zlieri wvima
Zlieri
setyva,
Camowva
mewyeri
Zlieri
setyva
Zlieri
setyva
Zlieri
setyva
Zlieri
5
dazianda venaxebi da daitbora savargulebi
dazianda venaxebi, daitbora savargulebi
daixoca saqoneli, daitbora savargulebi, daiRupa 1 adamiani
wvima,
dazianda sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi
daitbora savargulebi, dazianda xidebi, sacxovrebeli saxlebi, avtomanqanebi; Camowva mewyerebi
dazianda savargulebi, amoiZirkva xeebi, dazianda eleqtrogadamcemi xazebi
3 dRe daketili iyo saavtomobilo
gza
wvima,
wvima,
wvima,
qari
wvima
1 saaTSi movida 44 mm naleqi, daitbora sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi
Zlieri Tovli, haeris temperatura daeca -50C yinZlieri
vamde, ganadgurda sasoflo-sameurneo
wayinvebi
kulturebi (qeri, kartofili)
dasavleT saqarTvelo
1
9 ianvari
2
16 Tebervali
3
3 marti
naqeralas
uReltexili
ambrolauris
raioni
lentexi
zvavi
Caixerga saavtomobilo gza
mewyeri
dazianda 3 saxli
Zlieri wvima,
wyalmovardna,
mewyeri
Tovli, Zlieri
qari
wyaldidoba
waRebulia saavtomobilo gza 80 kmSi, zeda soflebi mowyvetilia raions
4
3-4-5 marti
imereTis regioni
5
5 marti
leCxumis raioni
6
6 aprili
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
dablobi
Zlieri
wayinvebi
7
14 aprili
Skvali
8
14 aprili
ozurgeTi,
Coxatauri
guriis mxare
Zlieri qari
43
dazianda venaxebi da xexilis baRebi
adidda md. cxeniswyali da md. lajanura, ris Sedegad dazianda sasoflosameurneo savargulebi, saavtomobilo
gzis 250-300 metriani monakveTi da
erTi xidi
-60C yinvam daaziana sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebi vaSlisa da msxlis
kiSebi 40%; vazi zogan 90%; kaklis
mosavali 90%
waqceulma xeebma daazianes avtomobilebi
ozurgeTis
raionSi
amovardnilma
Zlierma qarma daaziana sacxovrebeli
saxlebi da sxva Senoba-nagebobebi
1
9
2
29 maisi
3
lentexis raioni
4
Zlieri wvima,
mewyeri
Zlieri wvima
10
28-29 ivnisi
senaki
11
29 ivnisi
lentexis raioni
12
16 ivlisi
mestiis raioni
13
14
20 ivlisi
9 agvisto
mestiis raioni
lentexis raioni
mewyeri
Zlieri wvima,
grigali
15
11 agvisto
lentexis raioni
16
11-12 agvisto
lanCxuTi
Zlieri wvima,
setyva
Zlieri wvima
17
12 agvisto
oni-Sovi
Zlieri wvima
18
19
12 agvisto
13 agvisto
cageris raioni
zugdidis raioni
mewyeri
Zlieri wvima
20
21
23 agvisto
9 oqtomberi
Sovi
baRdaTi
Zlieri wvima
Zlieri setyva
Zlieri wvima,
mewyeri
Zlieri wvima
5
Camowva mewyeri, daingra sacxovrebeli
saxlebi
daitbora sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi
Camowva mewyeri, daingra sacxovrebeli
saxlebi
adidebulma mdinareebma daangria avtosatransporto gzebi
daiRupa ori adamiani
sofel lujSi ganadgurda mosavali,
aseve sof. Culebsa da leCxums Soris
ganadgurda naTesebi. lentexSi dazianda eleqtrogadamcemi xazebi
daitbora soflebi, ganadgurda naTesebi
daitbora sacxovrebeli saxlebis I-li
sarTulebi, ganadgurda savargulebi
dazianda gzebi, naTesebi, eleqtrogadamcemi
xazebi,
iyo
adamianis
msxverpli
daingra 48 sacxovrebeli saxli
daitbora 8 sofeli, daingra 4 xidi,
dazianda saavtomobilo gzebi. zarali
3mln. lari
adidda md. dRloura, daingra xidi
aWaris regioni
22
13 agvisto
qobuleTi
Zlieri wvima
daitbora quCebi, dazaralda 600-mde
ojaxi. zaralma Seadgina 3 mln. lari
naleqebis saSualo wliuri raodenoba Tveebis mixedviT
mm
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
I
II
III
Tbilisi
IV
V
VI
VII
gori
VIII
IX
gurjaani
nax. 9.1
44
X
XI
XII Tveebi
fasanauri
temperaturis saSulo mniSvneloba Tveebis mixedviT
0
C
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
I
II
III
IV
V
Tbilisi
VI
VII
gori
VIII
IX
X
gurjaani
XI
XII
Tveebi
fasanauri
nax. 9.2
dasavleT saqarTvelo
mm
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
I
II
III
quTaisi
IV
V
VI
VII
zugdidi
foTi
nax. 9.3
45
VIII
IX
lentexi
X
XI
XII
cageri
Tveebi
0
temperaturis saSualo mniSvneloba Tveebis mixedviT
dasavleT saqarTvelo
C
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
I
-5
II
III
IV
quTaisi
V
VI
VII
zugdidi
VIII
foTi
IX
X
XI
lentexi
XII
Tveebi
cageri
nax. 9.4
SavizRvispireTi
mm
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
I
II
III
IV
V
qobuleTi
VI
Caqvi
VII
VIII
kaxaberi
IX
X
XI
Suaxevi
XII
Tveebi
xulo
nax. 9.5
temperaturis saSualo mniSvneloba Tveebis mixedviT
SavizRvispireTi
0
C
25
20
15
10
5
0
I
II
III
qobuleTi
IV
V
VI
Caqvi
VII
kaxaberi
nax. 9.6
46
VIII
IX
Suaxevi
X
XI
xulo
XII
Tveebi
Tavi 10
garemos ekologiuri faqtorebis SesaZlo gavlena
mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis bolo aRwera Catarda 2002 wels, romlis mixedviT
qveynis mosaxleobam Seadgina 4mln 371,5 adamiani. mosaxleobis dinamikaSi yvelaze
SemaSfoTebelia Sobadobis ukiduresi Semcireba. 2000-2004 wlebSi Sobadoba (1000
mosaxleze) 10,7-11,0 farglebSia, rac mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba 1988 wlis maCvenebels
(ix. cxrili #10.1).
cxrili #10.1
ZiriTadi demografiuli maCveneblebis dinamika 1000 mosaxleze
demografiuli
maCveneblebi
qorwineba
ganqorwineba
Sobadoba
sikvdilianoba
bunebrivi mateba
1988w
2000w
2001w.
2002w.
2003w.
7,0
1,3
17,0
8,8
8,2
2,8
0,4
11,0
10,7
0,3
3,0
0,4
10,8
10,5
0,3
2,9
0,4
10,7
10,7
0,0
2,9
0,4
10,7
10,6
0,1
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros regionaluri
sammarTveloebis informaciiT, regionebSi yovelwliurad uaresdeba demografiuli
situacia. amis mizezad dasaxelebulia rogorc uaryofiTi bunebrivi mateba
(Sobadobis dabali da sikvdilianobis maRali maCveneblebi), aseve Sromisunariani
mosaxleobis did qalaqebSi da ufro xSirad qveynis farglebs gareT saarsebo
saSualebis mopovebis mizniT gadaadgileba.
demografiuli situaciis gauaresebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani niSania
mosaxleobis dabereba – moxucebulTa xvedriTi wilis zrda mosaxleobis saerTo
raodenobaSi. 65 welze ufrosi asakis mosaxleobis wilma saqarTveloSi Seadgina
13,3%, maSin roca 1995 wels 10,8% iyo.
cnobilia, rom wylis, atmosferuli haeris, niadagis dabinZureba garkveul
zemoqmedebas axdens mosaxleobis janmrTelobis formirebis procesze.
2004 wels qveynis dasaxlebuli adgilebis sanitarul-epidemiologiuri
mdgomareoba xasiaTdeboda garemo faqtorebis dabinZurebis garkveuli doniT. kvlav
aradamakmayofilebeli iyo msxvili qalaqebisa da dasaxlebuli punqtebis komunaluri
da sanitariuli mdgomareoba. aRiniSneboda naklovanebebi mosaxleobis xarisxiani
sasmeli wyliTa da sakvebi produqtebiT uzrunvelyofaSi.
mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze garemos ekologiuri faqtorebis SesaZlo gavlenis
Taobaze saministros regionalur sammarTveloebs ar gaaCniaT srulyofili informaciebi, rac ar iZleva qveyanaSi garemos mdgomareobis erTiani suraTis warmodgenis
saSualebas.
magaliTad, raWis regionaluri sammarTvelos informaciiT, regionSi yovelwliurad uaresdeba demografiuli situacia, kerZod, dabalia Sobadobis maCveneblebi.
bunebrivi namati uaryofiTia. mosaxleobis 2/3 pensioneria, maTi umravlesoba gadaxdis uunaroa, amitom didia avadoba.
ZiriTadad mxareSi dafiqsirebulia iodis deficitiT gamowveuli daavadebebi.
Semowmebuli mosaxleobis 40%-s aReniSneba CiyviT daavadebebis sxvadasxva forma.
regionSi ar funqcionirebs saTanado nagavsayrelebi, rac warmoadgens sanitarul-epidemiuri keris safrTxes.
47
ambrolauris raionis 2004 wlis epidemiologiuri mdgomareoba damakmayofilebelia. wlis ganmavlobaSi dafiqsirebul iqna Semdegi infeqciuri daavadebebi _ 14,
Cutyvavila _ 3, cxovelTa mier dakbenilebi da dadorblilebi _ 45, raionSi ar
aris cofis SemTxveva.
gansakuTrebiT saSiSi infeqciebi raionSi ar dafiqsirebula, ar arsebobs am
daavadebebis kerebis gaCenis saSiSroeba.
Sida qarTlis teritoriaze gauaresebulia sanitarul-epidemiuri viTareba. mdinareebis sanapiroebTan sayofacxovrebo nagvis, parazituli daavadebebis gadamtanebis
(virTxa, Tagvi) momravleba qmnis gansakuTrebiT saSiSi daavadebebis (qolera, Savi
Wiri) aRmocenebis saSiSroebas.
Sida qarTlis regionaluri sammarTvelo, sanitaruli inspeqcia, goris sazogadoebrivi jandacvis raionuli centri da veterinaruli samsaxurebi erToblivad
cdiloben Seqmnan regionSi epidsaimedo situacia.
imereTis regionaluri sammarTvelos monacemebi garemos ekologiuri faqtorebis mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze gavlenis Sesaxeb ar gaaCnia.
kaxeTis regionaluri sammarTvelos informaciiT, mosaxleobis raodenoba bolo
15 wlis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, risi umTavresi mizezi qveynis mZime
socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba da mosaxleobis ukiduresi gaWirvebaa. mosaxleobis Semcirebis tendencia kvlav grZeldeba, garkveuli wvlili regionis macxovrebelTa raodenobis Semcirebis procesSi urbanizaciasac miuZRvis. ekonomikuri siduxWiris gamo Sromisunariani adamianebis erTi nawili did qalaqebSi arCevs sacxovreblad gadasvlas.
adamianis janmrTelobaze negatiur zegavlenas axdens qveyanaSi warmoebuli
soflis meurneobis produqciis Semcirebac. importuli, xSir SemTxvevaSi, dabali
xarisxis sakvebi produqciis masobrivi Semotana. ekologiurad arasufTa sakvebi
produqtebiT vaWroba, sakvebi produqciiT araorganizebulad quCaSi vaWroba,
sasursaTo nawarmis warmoebis, realizaciis, Senaxvisa da transportirebis wesebis
darRveva. xSirad, es ukanaskneli aris alergiuli procesebisa da sxvadasxva
toqsikoinfeqciebis mizezi.
zafxulis sezonis dadgomasTan dakavSirebiT met aqtualobas iCens xarisxiani
sasmeli wyliT mosaxleobis sistematiuri uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebi, agreTve, malfuWebadi sakonditro da sxva saxis sasursaTo nawarmis realizaciisa da transportirebis problemebi. sayuradReboa raionebis teritoriaze arsebuli spontanuri
nagavsayrelebis sakiTxic. dasaxlebul punqtebSi amortizebuli milsadenebi,
eleqtroenergiis SeferxebiTi miwodebis gamo wyliT momaragebis wyvetiloba da sasmeli wylis rezervuarebis dezinfeqciis arasrulyofileba qmnis zogierT infeqciuri daavadebebis gavrcelebis saSiSroebas.
spontanurad Seqmnili nagavsayrelebi xels uwyoben mawanwala cxovelebisa da
mRrRnelebis gamravlebas, rac qmnis erTgvar winapirobas regionisaTvis araiSviaTi
daavadebis _ leiSmaniozis gavrcelebisaTvis.
regionisaTvis aqtualuria malariis gavrcelebis sakiTxic. am daavadebis kerad
miCneulia siRnaRis raionis e.w. malariis teritoria da md. alaznis mimdebare
adgilebi. 2004 wels dafiqsirda malariis 73 SemTxveva.
aqtualuria cofis sakiTxic. ambulatoriul-poliklinikur gaerTianebaSi Seqmnilia antirabiuli kabinetebi, romlebic muSaobs dRe-Ramuri reJimiT da awarmoebs
cxovelebis mier dakbenili adamianebis antirabiul imunizacias. gasul wels acra
Cautarda 187 pacients.
regionSi gansakuTrebulad saSiSi infeqciuri daavadebebi ar dafiqsirebula,
Tumca cofis gaCenis saSiSroeba dRemde arsebobs, gamomdinare iqidan, rom jer kidev
48
gadauWrelia nagavsayrelebis sakiTxi, mawanwala cxovelebisa da mRrRnelebis
problema.
foTis saqalaqo sammarTvelos monacemebiT, sanitarul-epidemiuri viTareba q.
foTSi damakmayofilebelia. 2004 wels, wina welTan SedarebiT iklo nawlavTa
infeqciebis raodenobam (A hepatitis garda). 2004 wels aRiricxa salmonelozis
erTi SemTxveva, dezenteriis _ 6, eSeriozis erTi SemTxveva, daudgeneli etiologiis
diareulma daavadebebma iklo da aRiricxa 82 SemTxveva. 2004 wels nawlavTa infeqciebis jgufur SemTxvevebs da epidafeTqebebs adgili ar qonia. nawlavTa infeqciebis
yvelaze meti SemTxveva aRiniSna bavSvebSi. 2004 wels iklo kvebiTi moSxamvebis
ricxvma, aRiricxa 62 SemTxveva.
2004 wels, q. foTSi wina welTan SedarebiT 2-jer gaizarda virusuli hepatitebis saerTo raodenoba, dafiqsirda 80 SemTxveva. A hepatitis raodenobam iklo
40%-iT, aRiricxa 6 SemTxveva, C hepatitis raodenoba 1 erTeuliT Semcirda _ 2
SemTxveva.
A hepatitiT daavadebulebs umetesad Seadgenen moswavleebi. daavadebis
gavrceleba ZiriTadad moxda sayofacxovrebo kontaqtiT.
72 avadmyofidan hospitalizebuli iyo 24, danarCenebs CautardaT ambulatoriuli mkurnaloba. 10 avadmyofi gamovlenilia epidemiuri ganyofilebis mier kerebSi
gasvlisas da kardakar Semovlisas. yvela bavSvTa dawesebulebaSi Catarda dezinfeqcia. rac Seexeba bavSvTa infeqciebs, 2004 wels SeiniSneba yvela nozologiis
mateba, gansakuTrebiT wiTelas _ 101 SemTxveva, ybayuras _ 6 SemTxveva, wiTuras _ 5
SemTxveva, Cutyvavilas 6 SemTxveva, yivanaxvelas _ 5 SemTxveva. 2003-2004 wlebSi
epid-sezonSi aRiricxa gripisa da mwvave respiratoruli daavadebebis 2181 SemTxveva.
2004 wels, malariisaTvis damaxasiaTebel epid sezonSi 1 maisidan 1 noembramde
tardeboda profilaqtikuri entomologiuri samuSaoebi: anofeloegonuri Ria wyalsatevebis aRricxva da maTSi koRos naCekebis gamovlena, Ria wyalsatevebis damuSaveba
da gambuzireba, sxvadasxva saxis sadgomebis gamokvleva, koRos gamovlineba da
mospoba, koRos samyofelisa da dazamTrebis adgilebis damuSaveba dcs-Ti. gansakuTrebiT saSiSi kerebi amJamad qalaqSi ar aRiniSneba.
xaSuris saqalaqo sammarTvelo informaciiT, raionis sanitaruli mdgomareoba
aradamakmayofilebelia, pirvel rigSi sakiTxs arTulebs nagavsayreli poligonis
ararseboba, iyeneben Zvels (romelsac 2 ha-s nacvlad ukavia 6 ha-ze meti teritoria) axal nagavsayrels ki (romlis teritoriac didi xania SerCeulia) ver awyoben
saxsrebis uqonlobis gamo.
Zalian moZvelebulia q. xaSuris wyalgayvanilobis sistema, amitom wvimebisa da
wyaldidobebis periodSi xSiria sasmeli wylis dabinZurebis faqtebi. xaSuris
sanitaruli zedamxedvelobis inspeqciis monacemebiT, 2004 wels Catarda sasmeli
wylis 276 qimiuri analizi, aqedan 210 SemTxvevaSi aRmoCnda darRvevebi. 240 baqteriologiuri analizidan 40-Si aRmoCnda darRveva. ra Tqma unda, am mxriv raionSi
Seqmnilia sagangaSo mdgomareoba, raTa ar moxdes sasmeli wyliT mosaxleobis
masiuri daavadeba. imeds iZleva is faqti, rom borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis
mesveurebma (germanulma firmam) gaakeTa reabilitacia qviSxeTis wyalsadenisa, aseve
gaukeTda kapitaluri remonti xaSuris wyalsadenis saTave nagebobas da amJamad
gaTvaliswinebulia mTlianad xaSuris wyalsadenis reabilitacia.
2004 wels infeqciuri daavadebebis gavrcelebas raionSi adgili ar qonia.
soflis meurneobis saministros informaciiT, damSobi sistemebis funqcionirebaSi Seqmnili problemebisa da lagodexis raionis tyeebis daWaobebis gamo
SeiZleba warmoiqmnas malariis gavrcelebis kerebi.
49
rogorc zemoT moyvanili informaciidan Cans, mxolod raWis, kaxeTis, Sida
qarTlis, foTis da xaSuris monacemebiT SeuZlebelia vimsjeloT qveyanaSi
ekologiuri faqtorebis gavlenaze mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze.
ra Tqma unda, garemo faqtorebis mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze SesaZlo mavne
zegavlenis Sefaseba mxolod zemoT moyvanili masalebis safuZvelze arasakmarisia.
saWiroa garemo ekologiuri faqtorebis dabinZurebasa da mosaxleobis avadobas
Soris zusti korelaciuri kavSiris dadgena, rac unda efuZnebodes aRniSnuli
sakiTxis mravalwlian Seswavlas Sesabamisi dargebis, mecnierebisa da specialistebis
monawileobiT.
saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros informaciiT, daavadebaTa kontrolis da samedicino statistikis erovnuli centris masalebiT qveynis masStabiT 2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi aRiricxa meningokokuri infeqciis
46 SemTxveva, difteriis _ 12, wiTelas _ 6847, wiTuras _ 4209, A hepatitis _
2712, B hepatitis _ 435, C hepatitis _ 509, tetanusis _ 7, cofis _ 12, jilexis
_ 45, brucelozis _ 151, salmonelozuri infeqciebis _ 276, muclis tifis _ 1,
baqteriuli dizenteriis _ 617, sxva dadgenili etiologiis diareuli daavadebebis
_ 709, savaraudo infeqciuri warmoSobis diareuli daavadebebis _ 6035, botulizmis _ 41, malariis _ 257, leiSmaniozis _ 125, triqonelozis _ 149 SemTxveva.
msgavsi gamokvlevebis Sesaxeb, mxolod saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia ityobineba. maTi informaciiT daavadebuli mcenareuli da cxoveluri organizmebidan,
wyliani garemodan da niadagidan gamoyofili da identificirebulia sxvadasxva
taqsonomiuri jgufis baqteriebi da baqteriofagebi. sasoflo-sameurneo da samedicino praqtikaSi gamoyenebisaTvis sxvadasxva garemo pirobebSi da modelur eqsperimentebSi detalurad Seswavlilia aqtiuri baqteriofagebis biologiuri, fizikurqimiuri Tvisebebi da ujredebis urTierTqmedebis fazebi.
gamoyofili da identificirebuli 53 listeria monocitogenes Stami.
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionidan Camotanilia Camdinare wylebis 76 nimuSi.
gamoyofilia nawlavis Cxiris 89 hospitaluri Stami da Seswavlilia maTi
antibiotikorezistentoba. dadgenilia, rom Stamebis mdgradoba antoboitikebis
mimarT ganpirobebulia arakoniugaciuri plazmidebis SemcvelobiT, rac imaze
metyvelebs, rom antibaqteriuli preparatebis moxmarebis Sedegad gavrcelda
seleqcionirebul mikrobTa garkveuli saxeoba. gamomdinare aqedan, gamoyofilia iseTi
baqteriofagebi, romlebic aqtiurad alizirebdnen antibiotikebisadmi polirezistentul Stamebs. Seswavlilia baqteriofagebis fizikur-qimiuri Tvisebebi da patronujredTan moqmedebis fazebi samkurnalo preparatis Seqmnis mizniT.
Seswavlilia saqarTveloSi jilexze zogierTi arakeTilsaimedo kera. gamoyofilia niadagidan 18 Stami, Seswavlilia maTi biologiuri da bioqimiuri Tvisebebi.
gamoyofilia saqarTvelosa da aSS-Si cimbiris wylulis izolatebi da maT
mimarT speifikuri baqteriofagebi. Seswavlilia jilexis fagis morfologia,
lizisuri speqtri 24 virulentur izolatze.
gamoyofilia sxvadasxva saxeobis salmonelebis mimarT virulenturi baqteriofagebi, romelTa gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli iqneba, rogorc antibiotikoTerapiis
alternativa.
50
Tavi 11
ekologiuri faqtorebis gavlena kulturuli
memkvidreobis SenarCunebaze
saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli istoriuli da kulturuli memkvidreobis
Zeglebis 85%-mde mZime mdgomareobaSia da ganicdis ekologiuri faqtorebis
uaryofiT zegavlenas. moZiebuli masalebi saSualebas gvaZlevs mimovixiloT qveynis
mxolod ramdenime regioni.
_ samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionSi arsebuli TiTqmis yvela istoriuli da
kulturuli Zegli metnaklebad ganicdis ekologiuri faqtorebis uaryofiT
zegavlenas. aRniSnuli mxaris teritoriaze SemorCenili kulturuli memkvidreobis
Zeglebis umravlesoba mZime mdgomareobaSia da moiTxovs aRdgena-restavracias.
arasaxarbieloa mxaris teritoriaze arsebuli saparko xelovnebis Zeglebis
mdgomareobac. sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo Semcirebulia parkebis farTobebi, igrZnoba
kvalificiuri movla-patronobis deficiti.
Seqmnili mdgomareoba mniSvnelovanwilad ganpirobebulia im garemoebiT, rom
sabaRo-saparko xelovnebis Zeglebi dRemde ar aris gamocxadebuli istoriisa da
kulturis Zeglebad. ar warmoebs maTi aRricxva, Seswavla, aRdgena, dacva da
gamoyeneba.
_ qvemo-svaneT-leCxumis regionis istoriuli da kulturuli faseulobani
ZiriTadad ganicdian meteorologiur (wvima, Tovli, yinva) zemoqmedebas. saWiro
Tanxebis uqonlobis gamo ZeglTa garkveuli nawili gadauxuravia da saWiroebs
restavracias.
regionSi ganadgurebulia an ganadgurebis pirasaa misuli kulturis 28 Zegli,
maTi aRdgena da SekeTeba saerTod ar mimdinareobs, eklesiis nangrevebi saWiroebs
arqeologiur kvlevas.
_ raWis regionSi 1991 wlis miwisZvris Sedegad dazianebuli kulturuli
Zeglebidan aRsaniSnavia nikorwmindis taZari, mravalZalis taZari, kvaracixe,
mindacixe. 2004 wlis mdgomareobiT aRdgenili da restavrirebulia nikorwmindis
taZari, aRdgenis procesSia da dafinansebulia mravalZalis taZari, gadaxurulia
barakonis krixis eklesiebi, xolo kvaracixis da mindacixis taZrebi aRdgenarestavracias saWiroebs.
_ Sida qarTlis istoriul-kulturuli faseulobebi, agreTve, ganicdian
ekologiuri faqtorebis uaryofiT zegavlenas.
goris raionis sof. qvaxvrelSi mdebare ufliscixis istoriuli muzeumnakrZali savalalo mdgomareobaSia. miuxedavad imisa, rom ramodenime wlis win
Zegls msoflio bankis dafinansebiT safuZvliani gamagrebiTi samuSaoebi Cautarda,
Zeglis sicocxlis xangrZlivoba mokldeba. eqspertebis azriT, kldis gamofitva md.
mtkvris kalapotis Secvlam gamoiwvia (manamde mtkvari kldis udides masivs
ekvroda), amis gamo daingra unikaluri warmarTuli salocavi `mzisa da mTvaris
oTaxi~, wyaldidobis dros md. mtkvarma moSala Zeglze mdebare gvirabTan
misasvleli gza da mimdebare teritoria. gzis aRsadgenad saqarTvelos kulturis,
ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis sammarTvelos gamocxadebuli aqvs tenderi.
atenis `sionis~ moxatulobasa da saxuravs sokos niSnebi gauCnda, xolo
samxreT kedels da saZirkvels saxuravidan Camonadeni wylis gamo Cangrevis
saSiSroeba emuqreba, misi gamagrebiTi da sarestavracio samuSaoebisaTvis Tanxebi
gamoyo saqarTveloSi aSS-s saelCom.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi ekologiurma zemoqmedebam, kerZod: wvimebma, yinvebma,
zogjer miwisZvrebma, Rvarcofebma daSales da zogierT SemTxvevaSi nangrevebad
51
aqcies mniSvnelovani eklesia-taZrebi, romlebic aRsadgenia da TiTqmis Tavidanaa
asaSenebeli, kerZod, marto atenis xeobaSi aRsadgenia 26 istoriuli Zegli.
dangreulia sof. dicSi (goris r-ni) mTavari angelozis saxelobis eklesia;
axalubanSi (goris r-ni) zenqreulis RvTismSoblis sax. eklesia; goris raionis sof.
karbSi wminda samebisa da wminda marines sax. eklesiebi; amave raionis sof.
bardiaanTkarSi _ RvTismSoblis sax. eklesia.
sof. qereSi wminda giorgis sax. da RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesiebi aRdgenas saWiroebs: sof. koSkebSi `tyupi saydari~, sof. zemo rieTSi `mwvane saydari~.
aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom akademikos s. janaSias sax. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
muzeumSi arsebuli Sida qarTlis arqeologiuri eqspedicia, romelsac cnobili
mecnieri b-ni i. gagoSiZe xelmZRvanelobs, 1972 wlidan muSaobs qarelis raionSi,
sadac man mtkvris marcxena napirze gaSlil `dedoflis mindorze~ miakvlia sruliad
unikalur Zegls, romelsac analogi ar gaaCnia saqarTveloSi. esaa qarTlis (iberiis)
mefeTa sagvareulo samlocvelo _ qristeSobamde II saukuneSi erTiani gegmiT
aSenebuli uzarmazari sataZro kompleqsi, romelic aerTianebs centraluri
kvadratuli ezos garSemo ganlagebul 8 taZars. taxtiZiris samarovans mdinare
recxavs, xolo `dedoflis mindors~ konservacia sWirdeba, Torem masac wvima da
Rvarcofi Carecxavs. yovelive amis gadasarCenad saWiroa arqeologiuri samuSaoebis
warmoeba, rac usaxsrobis gamo SeCerebulia.
_ kaxeTis mxareSi araoficialuri monacemebiT ramdenime aTasi kulturuli
memkvidreobis obieqtia, romlebsac qveyanaSi arsebuli istoriul-politikuri da
social-ekonomiuri mdgomareobis gamo saxelmwifosagan jerovani yuradReba ver
eqceoda. isini mdebareoben rogorc dasaxlebul punqtebSi da maT siaxloves, aseve
mniSvnelovnad dacilebul da Znelad misadgom adgilebSi.
moqmedi ekologiuri faqtorebisagan (atmosferuli movlenebi, mravaljeradi
yinva-galxvobis cikli, uSualod obieqtebis siaxloves aRmocenebuli mcenareebis
fesvebisagan da totebisagan kedlebis da saxuravis dazianeba) sruli mouvlelobis
pirobebSi isini ganicdian TandaTanobiT daSlas. mraval maTgans ukve aRar aqvs
saxuravi da maTi daSlis procesi ufro swrafad mimdinareobs.
ekologiuri faqtorebis uaryofiTi zegavlena ganicada xaSuris r-nis TiTqmis
yvela istoriulma da kulturulma faseulobebma, maT Soris: xcisis ioane
naTlismcemelis eklesiam (me-11 s Zegli), brilis wminda giorgis eklesiam (me-9-me-10
s.s.), nabaxtevis eklesiam (me-15 s), dimitri yifianis saxlmuzeumma (qviSxeTi),
sumbaTaSvilebis
sasaxlem
(qviSxeTi),
ciciSvilebis
sasaxlem
(xcisSi),
veziriSvilebis sasaxlem (osiauri).
saxsrebis uqonlobis gamo ukve 10 welze metia SeCerebulia nacargorisa da
waRveris SemogarenSi arqeologiuri samuSaoebi.
_ q. foTis teritoriaze mdebare niko nikolaZis koSki, malTayvis memorialis,
cotne dadianis, niko nikolaZis da kolxi dedis Zeglebis fizikuri mdgomareoba
normaluria, magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom es faseulobebi ar ganicdides
ekologiuri faqtorebis uaryofiT zegavlenas. am faqtorTa kategoriebs ganekuTvneba
qalaqis teritoriis dabali hifsometriuli done da aqedan gamomdinare, gruntis
wylis siaxlove niadagis zedapirTan, Warbtenianoba, haeris maRali fardobiTi
tenianoba, vibracia da a.S.
rac Seexeba moZrav arqeologiur Zeglebsa da istoriul faseulobebs, isini
inaxebian foTis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumSi. qalaqSi Seqmnili mZime ekologiurmelioraciuli viTarebis gajansaRebis mizniT dasaxulia RonisZiebebi samelioracio
qselis eqspluataciis gaumjobesebisa da samimosvlo gzebis keTilmowyobis
TvalsazrisiT.
52
Tavi 12
daculi teritoriebi
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis departamentis daqvemdebarebaSia kanoniT
damtkicebuli 4 erovnuli parki, 8 saxelmwifo aRkveTili, 15 saxelmwifo nakrZali
da 2 bunebis Zegli.
2004 wlis mdgomareobiT, departamentis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi daculi
teritoriebis saerTo farTobia 216314 ha, xolo kanoniT gamocxadebulia 439178 ha,
rac qveynis teritoriis 6%-s Seadgens.
dacul
teritoriebSi
warmodgenilia
saqarTvelos
biomravalferovnebis
mniSvnelovani nawili. aq daaxloebiT 150 saxeobamde xe da buCqia, romelTagan 31
endemuri saxeobaa, xolo 40 _ uZvelesi reliqti, maT Soris 16 _ mesameuli
periodisaa.
faunis
warmomadgenlebidan
saqarTvelos
dacul
teritoriebSi
registrirebulia 25 saxeobis amfibia da qvewarmavali, 40-mde saxeobis ZuZumwovari
da 160 saxeobaze meti frinveli. maT Soris bevria unikaluri da wiTel wignSi
Setanili saxeobebi.
departamenti erTiani saxelmwifo politikis gatarebiT axorcielebs am
unikaluri obieqtebis dacvas, aRdgenas da movlas, uzrunvelyofs bunebrivi
ekosistemebis SenarCunebas, riTac xels uwyobs qveynis ekologiuri usafrTxoebis
biologiuri mravalferovnebis dacvasa da bunebrivi resursebis ekologiuri
potencialis gaZlierebas.
dacul teritoriebze da kerZod, nakrZalebSi mecnier-muSakTa meSveobiT
xorcieldeba bunebriv procesebze, iSviaT da gadaSenebis piras misul saxeobebze
mudmivi dakvirveba da maTi mdgomareobis safuZvlianad Seswavla.
florisa da faunis dacvis RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis mizniT dacul
teritoriebze mimdinareobs tyeebis dacvisa da SenarCunebis saqmianoba, sadac
xorcieldeba tyeebis gamokvleva paTologiuri kuTxiT, xanZarsawinaaRmdego
bilikebis mowyoba, bunebrivi ganaxlebis xelisSemwyobi RonisZiebebi, tyis
mavneblebisa da daavadebebis winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebebi.
wlis xanZarsaSiS periodSi xdeba droebiTi mexanZre darajebis daqiraveba da
mobilizacia.
dacul teritoriebze da mis damxmare zonaSi xorcieldeba ganuwyveteli
reidebi da patrulireba bunebrivi resursebis ukanonod mopovebis faqtebis
gamosavlenad.
2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi daculi teritoriebis tyis dacvis muSakebisa da
daculi teritoriebis zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris mier gamovlinda 274
kanondarRvevis SemTxveva, maT Soris: nadirobis wesebis darRvevaze _ 149, TevzWeris
darRvevaze _ 44, xolo daculi teritoriebis reJimis darRvevaze _ 81 SemTxveva.
SemuSavebulia da erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi Sesabamisad asaxulia daculi
teritoriebis, rogorc garemos mgrZnobiare subieqtebis, dacvisa da SenarCunebis
iuridiuli berketebi.
53
Tavi 13
erovnuli meurneobis garemoze gavlenis
Taviseburebani
sameurneo saqmianobis anTropogenuri gavlena garemoze qveynis ama Tu im
regionSi damokidebulia rogorc gamoSvebuli produqciis wiliT saerTo moculobaSi, ise warmoebebis profiliT da maTSi garemosdacviTi danadgarebisa da nagebobebis
arsebobaze.
2004 wels regionebis mixedviT q. Tbilisi, qvemo qarTli, imereTi, Sida qarTli da kaxeTi qveynis samewarmeo sferoSi arian wamyvanni da maTi wili gamoSvebuli
produqciis mTel moculobaSi Seadgenda Sesabamisad 36,9; 20,8; 10,0; 7,7 da 7,2%-s.
am regionebSi moqmedeben garemos ZiriTadi damabinZurebeli sawarmoebi, rogoricaa:
navTobis mopovebisa da gamoxdis, asfalt-betonis, bunebrivi qvis mopovebis da
damuSavebis, cementis warmoebis, kirqvis, gajis, mineraluri sasuqebis, sinTezuri
amiakis, laq-saRebavebis mwarmoebeli, liTonuri madnis mompovebeli da mrewvelobis
sxva obieqtebi. aqedan gamomdinare, aRniSnuli regionebi da q. Tbilisi warmoadgenen
garemos ZiriTad damabinZureblebs.
nax. 13.1-ze mocemulia atmosferuli haeris mavne nivTierebebiT damabinZurebeli
ZiriTadi
wyaroebidan
mavne
nivTierebaTa
gafrqvevebis
jamuri
maCvenebeli
(naxSirorJangis gareSe).
gafrqveuli mavne nivTierebebi,
aT.t.
2003-2004 wlebSi atmosferul haerSi gafrqveuli mavne
nivTierebaTa jamuri raodenoba
250
199
200
170
152 149
150
2003
80
100
85
2004
50
12
13
0
avtotransporti
energetika
mrewveloba
soflis
meurneoba
nax. 13.1
rogorc naxazidan Cans, atmosferos mTavari dambinZurebelia avtotrasporti da
soflis meurneobis seqtori. mrewvelobis obieqtebis wili mavne nivTierebebis
saerTo wliur gafrqvevaSi Seadgens 3%-s (13,4 aT. t.) da aqvs lokaluri xasiaTi.
unda aRiniSnos, rom qveynis energetikuli balansis ararseboba ar iZleva
atmosferoSi mavne nivTierebebis gafrqvevebis Sesabamisi sizustiT Sefasebis
saSualebas.
bunebrivi zedapiruli wylebis obieqtebSi Camdinare wylebTan erTad sul
Caedineba 361,64 mln.m3 mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZurebuli wyali. ZiriTadi damabinZurebelia komunaluri meurneoba. mis mier CaSvebuli dabinZurebuli wylis raodenoba
bolo wlebSi meryeobs 280-dan 304-mde mln. m3 weliwadSi.
mrewveloba wylis obieqtebSi uSvebs 13,23 mln. m3-mde dabinZurebul wyals.
nax. 13.2-ze SedarebisTvis mocemulia 2004w. zedapirul wylebSi CaSvebuli
mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZurebuli wylebis raodenoba.
54
3
mln. m /weliwadSi
dabinZurebuli wyali,
2004 wels wylis obieqtebSi CaSvebuli mavne
nivTierebebiT dabinZurebuli wylis raodenoba
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
304
2004
44,4
13,2
1. mrewveloba
2. energetika
3. komunaluri
meurneoba
nax. 13.2
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mdinareebidan yvelaze dabinZurebulia md. mtkvari da
md. xrami, romlebSic Caedineba Sesabamisad 281 mln. m3 da 8 mln. m3 dabinZurebuli
wyali. gansakuTrebulad unda aRiniSnos md. kazreTula, romelSic spilenZis
raodenoba meryeobda 25-56 mg/l-is farglebSi, rac 25-56-jer aRemateba zdk-s. md.
maSaveraSi Caedineba 6 mln. m3-mde dabinZurebuli wyali, rac Seadgens md. xramis
saerTo dabinZurebis 75,6%-s.
Savi zRvis auzSi yvelaze metad binZurdeba md. rioni, md. yvirila da md.
Woroxi, romlebSic Sesabamisad Caedineba 18,8; 8,8 da 18,3 mln. m3 dabinZurebuli
wyali.
zemoT moyvanili masalebi adastureben, rom garemos abinZureben is regionebi,
sadac samewarmeo sfero SedarebiT ganviTarebulia.
amJamad, erovnuli meurneobis obieqtebis teritoriaze ar xorcieldeba niadagis dabinZurebis monitoringi. sxvadasxva monacemebiT samrewvelo obieqtebze wlebis
manZilze dagrovilia 10 mln. tonamde narCeni, romelic ganTavsebulia warmoebebis
teritoriaze da mtvris saxiT vrceldeba atmosferul haersa da wyalSi. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos canas da uravis samTo qimiis qarxnebis teritoriaze ganlagebuli toqsikuri narCenebis mdgomareoba, romlebic inaxeba md. rionis piras sam
samarxSi da savalalo mdgomareobaSia.
aranakleb mniSvnelovania xmauriT, eleqtromagnituri da eleqtruli veliT
garemos dabinZurebis problema. ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens rkinigzis, saavtomobilo da sahaero transporti, samrewvelo sixSiris maRali Zabvis gadamcemi xazebi
da maTi qvesadgurebi, samrewvelo obieqtebi. aRniSnuli fizikuri faqtorebiT
dakavSirebuli `dabinZurebis zonebi~ sakmaod didia.
zemoT moyvanili masalebis da garemos dacvis s/k institutis monacemebis
safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze garemos ZiriTadi
damabinZureblebia: transporti, Tboeleqtrosadgurebi, wiaRis mopoveba, cementisa da
navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnebi, metalurgia, qimiuri da kvebis mrewveloba,
komunaluri meurneoba.
xazgasasmelia is faqti, rom garemos dacvis sferoSi centralizebuli monitoringis sistemis ararseboba sistematiuri da sarwmuno masalebis miRebis SesaZleblobas ar iZleva. amitom warmodgenili arasruli informaciis safuZvelze SeuZlebelia garemoze erovnuli meurneobis gavlenis realuri mdgomareobis Sefaseba.
55
Tavi
14
qimiuri saSualebebi
qveyanaSi qimiur nivTierebaTa warmoebis, transportirebis, eqsportis, importis,
tranzitis, Senaxvis, gamoyenebis, registraciis, xmarebidan amoRebis, gauvnebelyofis
da sxva sakiTxebi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxovs adamianis janmrTelobisa da
garemos usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.
qimiur nivTierebaTa marTvis sistema Camoyalibebis procesSia. realurad
brunvaSi myof qimiur nivTierebaTa raodenobis, warmoebisa da asortimentis Sesaxeb
informacia arasrulia, radganac ar aris SemuSavebuli qimiuri nivTierebebis erTiani
saxelmwifo reestri. gansakuTrebiT es Seexeba samrewvelo daniSnulebis qimiur
nivTierebebs. xolo rac Seexeba pesticidebsa da agroqimikatebs, arsebobs maTi
registraciis sistema da Sesabamisad saregistracio organo soflis meurneobisa da
sursaTis
saministrosTan,
romlis
meSveobiTac
xdeba
pesticidebisa
da
agroqimikatebis saxelmwifo katalogis SemuSaveba da damtkiceba arsebuli wesis
Sesabamisad. yovelwliurad mimdinareobs saregistracio samuSaoebi da Sesabamisad
katalogis gaaxleba. amdenad soflis meurneobaSi gamosayenebeli pesticidebisa da
agroqimikatebis aRricxva da Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis gatareba SedarebiT
mowesrigebulia. rasac ver vityviT samrewvelo qimiur nivTierebebze da sxva
sferoebSi gamoyenebul qimiur saSualebebze.
qimiuri nivTierebebis transsasazRvro gadaadgilebaze (importi, eqsporti,
tranziti, reeqsporti), kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad pasuxismgebel organoebs
warmoadgenen da Sesabamisad nebarTvebs gascemen Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialuri
dacvis saministro (samrewvelo qimiuri nivTirebebi), soflis meurneobisa da
sursaTis saministro (pesticidebi da agroqimikatebi) da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
saministro (ormagi daniSnulebis produqcia). unda aRniSnos, rom am sferoSi
janmrTelobis dacvis saministros da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministroebis
funqciebi ar aris gamijnuli da xSirad adgili aqvs dublirebas, ufro metic
ormagi daniSnulebis produqciis nusxaSi xSir SemTxvevaSi Setanilia zogierTi
saxis narCenebi, romlebic faqtiurad regulirdebian bazelis konvenciiT da aseve
erovnuli kanoniT "narCenebis tranzitisa da importis Sesaxeb". aRniSnulidan
gamomdinare saWiroa meti sicxadis Setana.
qveyanaSi qimiuri nivTierebebiT dabinZurebasTan dakavSirebiT ar arsebobs
Camoyalibebuli uwyveti monitoringis sistema. maT Soris pesticidebiT niadagis,
wylisa da atmosferuli haeris dabinZureba. nitratrebiTa da nitritebiT niadagebisa
da zedapiruli da miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZureba, stacionaruli obieqtebidan mZime
liTonebiT (vanadiumi, kobalti, manganumi, spilenZi, molibdeni, nikeli, tyvia, qromi,
TuTia, kala, vercxliswyali da misi SenaerTebi, dariSxani da misi SenaerTebi da
sxva) da organuli nivTierebebiT dabinZureba, maT Soris navTobiTa da navTobproduqtebiT. centraluri magistralebis mimdebare teritoriebis mZime metalebiT
dabinZureba.
aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT Catarebuli samuSaoebi uwyebrivi daniSnulebisaa da
garkveuli programuli dafinansebis farglebSia Catarebuli. rac umetes SemTxvevaSi
ver iZleva sruli analizis saSualebas Semdgomi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis
mizniT. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia srulyofili monitoringis sistemis
Camoyalibeba, aseve aucilebelia laboratoriuli qselis Seqmna da maTi aRWurva
Tanamedrove standartis xelsawyoebiT da teqnikuri saSualebebiT. saqarTveloSi
amJamad mxolod zogierTi laboratoria pasuxobs Tanamedrove moTxovnebs.
2004 wlis monacemebiT saqarTvelos teritoriaze Semotanil iqna Semdegi
saxisa da raodenobis pesticidebi:
56
o kontaqturi fungicidebi
- 1900t
o sistemuri fungicidebi - 100t
o inseqto akaricidebi - 260 t
o herbicidebi - 100t
o rodenticidebi - 5t
o Teslis Sesawamli – 15t
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi Seqmnilia pesticidebis sarealizacio qseli da
am saqmianobiT dakavebulni arian, rogorc iuridiuli ise fizikuri pirebi, romlebTac gaaCniaT Sesabamisi nebarTvebi. arsebuli informaciiT qveyanaSi funqcionirebs
52 sarealizacio obieqti. aqve unda aRiniSnos, miuxedavad gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa da kontrolisa, adgili aqvs pesticidebis aralegalur Semotanas, falsifikacias
da realizacias. aseve kanonmdeblobis sxva darRvevebs aRniSnul sferoSi, rac
safrTxes uqmnis adamianis janmrTelobasa da garemos. Zalze dabalia mosaxleobis
(fermerebis) codnis done pesticidebis usafrTxo gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saWiroa Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis gatareba am mimarTulebiT.
seriozul problemas warmoadgens qveyanaSi sabWoTa kavSiris periodidan
dagrovili vadagasuli pesticidebi, romlebic ganTavsebulia avariul da amortizirebul sawyobebSi. atmosferuli naleqebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad xdeba maTi moxvedra
garemoSi (niadagi, zedapiruli wylebi, gruntis wylebi). am mimarTulebiT mimdinareobs garkveuli samuSaoebi, kerZod, maTi aRricxva-inventarizacia stokholmis
konvenciis farglebSi. inventarizaciis masalebis safuZvelze SemuSavdeba erovnuli
samoqmedo gegma da gatardeba am nivTierebebis gauvneblobis Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resusebis ministris 2004 wlis
1 noembris #66 brZanebis `yofili samxedro daniSnulebis qarxana `mioni”-is teritoriaze darCenili qimiuri momwamvleli gazebis (arsini da fosfini) gauvneblobis
gadaudebeli RonisZiebebis dafinansebis Sesaxeb,” safuZvelze ganxorcielda 5 baloni
arsinis, 13 baloni fosfinis da 8 baloni monosilanis gauvnebelyofa. specialistebis ganmartebiT aRniSnuli nivTierebebi, sawarmos sruli datvirTvis periodSi gamoiyeneboda saTanado teqnologiur procesebSi. arsebobda balonebis hermetulobis
darRvevis saSiSroeba, rac seriozul safrTxes uqmnida adamianis janmrTelobas da
garemos.
rogorc cnobilia, 2004 wels qarTul-britanuli navTobis kompania "nino
wmindas" #100 WaburRilze moxda navTobis avariuli daRvra, ris Sedegadac
dabinZurda sakmaod didi farTobi da mcenareuli safari. avariis Sedegebis likvidaciisa da dabinZurebuli teritoriebis reabilitaciis mizniT kompaniis mier garemos
dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosTan erTad SemuSavebuli iqna gansaxorcielebel RonisZiebaTa proeqti. dadginda dabinZurebuli teritoriebis konturebi,
farTobebi, dabinZurebis intesivoba, rogorc satelituri kartirebisa, ise laboratoriuli kvlevis safuZvelze da gatarda Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi, eqstremalur
situaciaSi dabinZurebis Semdgomi gavrcelebis aRkveTis mizniT.
adamianis janmrTelobaze zemoqmedebis da garemos dabinZurebis TvalsazrisiT
seriozul safrTxes warmoadgens qveynis teritoriaze arsebuli mdgradi organuli
damabinZurebelebi, risTvisac aucilebelia saTanado RonisZiebebis gatareba. am
problemis gadawyvetis mizniT stokholmis konvenciis farglebSi saqarTveloSi 2003
wels SemuSavda da damtkicda programa “mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis
(POPs) Sesaxeb stokholmis konvenciis Sesrulebis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis
momzadeba.” programa finansdeba globalur ekologiuri fondis (GEF)-is mier.
aRmasrulebel saagentod SerCeulia gaeros garemos ganviTarebis programa (UNDP).
programa xorcieldeba garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros koordinaciiTa da xelmZRvanelobiT. stokholmis konvencia moicavs da aregulirebs 12
57
mdgrad damabinZurebels, maTgan 9 pesticidia (aldrini, qlordani, ddt, dildrini,
endrini, heptaqlori, heqsaqlorbenzoli, mireqsi da taqsafeni). aRniSnuli pesticidebi gamoiyeneboda soflis meurneobaSi mcenareTa da cxovelTa mavne organizmebis
winaaRmdeg. meore jgufi, razedac mimarTulia konvencia, warmoadgens samrewvelo
qimikatebs da cnobilia poliqlorirebuli bifenilebis (PCB) saxelwodebiT,
romlebic gamoiyeneba samrewvelo, eleqtrogamanawilebel, sayofacxovrebo da sxva
teqnikaSi. garda amisa, konvencia moicavs or jgufs, romlebic winaswar daugegmavad
warmoiqmnebian wvisa da zogierT samrewvelo procesebSi, rogorc samrewvelo
Tanaproduqtebi, esenia: dioqsinebi da furanebi.
_ proeqtis mizania stokholmis konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis
Sesrulebis mdgradi erovnuli potencialisa da TanamSromlobis meqanizmis Seqmna
saqarTveloSi. proeqti iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli mod-ebis
inventarizacias, mosaxleobis informirebas mod-ebTan dakavSirebiT, inventarizaciis
masalebis analizis safuZvelze erovnuli samuSao gegmis SemuSavebas, sadac
ganxiluli iqneba is prioritetebi da mimarTulebebi, romelic unda gatardes
saqarTveloSi, mod-ebis wyaroebis gaunebelyofisa da am nivTierebebiT dabinZurebuli
adgilebis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT konvenciis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
stokholmis konvencia miznad isaxavs narCenebis saxiT arsebuli mod-ebis
ganadgureba-likvidacias da gamoyenebaSi arsebuli mod-ebis maqsimalurad SezRudvas,
sabolood maT xmarebidan amoRebas. aseve mod-ebis rogorc Tanaproduqtebis garemoSi
gamoyofis Semcirebas da sabolood mis Sewyvetas.
Catarebulia inventarizaciis garkveuli samuSaoebi. arsebuli informaciiT,
winaswari monacemebiT aRricxulia 3000t-mde vadagasuli pesticidebi, 400t-mde
poliqlorirebuli bifenilebis Secveli zeTebi da dioqsinebisa da furanebis
wyaroebi. inventarizaciis samuSaoebi grZeldeba, misi dasrulebis Semdeg dagegmilia
erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba. saTanado dafinansebis mopovebis mizniT
donorebis gamonaxva da gauvneblobis samuSaoebis ganxorcieleba.
Tavi 15
narCenebi
saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc sxva qveynebSi, garemoze da adamianis janmrTelobaze mavne zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT erT-erT seriozul garemosdacviT problemas
warmoadgens _ narCenebi. kerZod misi utilizacia, gauvnebloba, ganadgureba,
usafrTxo ganTavseba. aRniSnuli did finansur da SromiT resursebTan aris
dakavSirebuli.
arsebuli monacemebi narCenebis warmoSobis, gamoyenebis, gauvneblobis, gadamuSavebisa da ganTavsebis Taobaze ar aris srulyofili, vinaidan narCenebis statistikuri aRricxvis sistema Camoyalibebuli ar aris da 1988 wlis Semdeg samwuxarod
aRricxva ar Catarebula. mdgomareobas arTulebs “narCenebis Sesaxeb” kanonis ararseboba (proeqti SemuSavebulia da ganxilvis stadiaSia)
1988 wlis monacemebiT saqarTveloSi yvela tipis narCenebis raodenoba (garda
myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisa) 64,5 mln tonas Seadgens. 70% wiaRiseuli
resursebis mopovebisa da gadamuSavebis narCenia, 30% metalurgiuli, saSen masalaTa, manqanaTmSeneblobis, qimiuri da navTobqimiuri mrewvelobis da sxva dargebis
narCenebia, xolo maT Soris 2% toqsikuri narCenia. es narCenebia hidridebi, galvanuri Slamebi, kobaltSemcveli mtveri, dariSxanSemcveli, nikelSemcveli, navTobSemcveli, fosforSemcveli, qlorSemcveli, cianSemcveli, gadamuSavebuli eleqtrolitebi, saRebavebisa da emalis Semcveli, mJave gudroni da sxva.
58
myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebi
arsebuli informaciiT, qveynis masStabiT myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis
yovelwliuri moculoba Seadgens daaxloebiT 5,5 mln. m3.
qveyanaSi arsebuli nagavsayrelebi metad sagangaSo mdgomareobaSia. sul aRricxulia 69 nagavsayreli, romelTa mier dakavebuli farTobi Seadgens daaxloebiT 300
heqtars. 51 nagavsayrelis teritoria gamoyofilia Sesabamisi samxareo administraciis an raionuli gamgeobis dadgenilebis safuZvelze, magram arcerTs ar gaaCnia
nagavsayrelis mowyobis proeqti. maTi umravlesoba gadavsebulia. 18 nagavsayreli
ukanonoa. amas garda, yovel dasaxlebul punqtTan aris mravali mcire zomis
ukanono nagavsayreli.
arcerTi nagavsayreli ar pasuxobs garemosdacviT da sanitariul moTxovnebs da
normebs. maTTvis ar aris gansazRvruli moqmedebis vada, darRveulia myari narCenebis
nagavsayrelebisadmi wayenebuli moTxovnebi.
dReisaTvis praqtikulad dadgenili ar aris, ra gavlenas axdens qveynis
teritoriaze ganlagebuli nagavsayrelebi adamianis janmrTelobasa da garemoze
(Camonadeni wylis Semadgenloba, niadagis, gruntis wylebis da a.S. dabinZureba mavne
nivTierebebiT).
upirveles yovlisa dauSvebelia, rom narCenebi nagavsayrelebze gadis
yovelgvari daxarisxebis gareSe. sayofacxovrebo narCenebTan erTad aq gvxvdeba sxva
saxis narCenebi (mag. samrewvelo, samSeneblo, samedicino narCenebi, toqsikuri da
sxva). nagavsayrelebis teritoriaze umeTvalyureod mitovebuli saxifaTo da toqsikuri narCenebi garemos dabinZurebis seriozul keras warmoadgenen. maTi umravlesoba
Seicavs advilad xsnad toqsikur naerTebs, romlebic atmosferuli naleqebis
meSveobiT advilad xvdebian gruntis wylebSi da abinZureben maT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom 2004 wels Seswavlil iqna q. TbilisSi narCenebis marTvis
mdgomareoba. Tbilisis mTavrobis mier bolo periodSi gatarebuli mTeli rigi
RonisZiebebis miuxedavad, qalaqis dasufTavebis mdgomareoba ar pasuxobs Tanamedrove
sanitariul da garemosdacviT normebs.
yovelwliurad TbilisSi 1 200 aTasi m3 narCeni warmoiqmneba, aqedan 1080,0
aTasi m3 _ saojaxo-sayofacxovrebo narCenebia, xolo 111,94 aTasi m3 quCamagistralebis dagva-dasufTavebis Sedegad grovdeba. narCenebis qalaqidan gatanas
emsaxureba sanitariuli dasufTavebis dargis sxvadasxva iuridiuli statusis mqone
8 organizacia, romelTagan 3 aris municipaluri sakuTreba, xolo 5 tenderSi
gamarjvebuli kerZo sawarmo. aRniSnul sawarmoebs balansze ericxebaT 359 erTeuli
avtosatransporto saSualeba, saidanac yoveldRiurad muSaobs 290 erTeuli.
faqtiurad manqana-meqanizmebis mTliani raodenobidan 145 erTeuli amortizirebulia
da aRdgenas ar eqvemdebareba. dReisaTvis damatebiT saWiroa 78 erTeuli sxvadasxva
tipis nagavmzidebis SeZena da 1000 cali nagvis Semkrebi konteineri.
myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Segroveba sami ZiriTadi sistemiT xdeba: bunkeruli, konteineruli da zaris sistema. bunkerebis da konteinerebis daclis sixSire
meryeobs yoveldRiuri daclidan erT kviramde, ris gamoc isini gadavsebulia da
zedmeti narCenebi iyreba quCaSi, rac antisanitariis mizezia. zaris sistema qalaqebis
im ubnebSi gamoiyeneba, sadac sacxovebel saxlebs ar aqvT bunkerebi. dilis an
saRamos saaTebSi nagvis Semgrovebeli manqanebi Camoivlian quCebs da zariT amcnoben
mosaxleobas, romlebsac TviTon gamoaqvs saxlebidan narCenebi vedroebiT, celofnis
parkebiT da yuTebiT. narCenebis gasatanad ZiriTadad Ria Zariani TviTmclelebi
gamoiyeneba, ris gamoc irRveva sayofacxovrebo narCenebis transportirebis teqnologiuri normebi, xSiria Zaridan narCenebis quCaSi gabnevis faqtebi.
narCenebis ganTavseba xdeba qalaqis SemogarenSi ganlagebul gldanis da
iaRlujis nagavsayrelze. aRniSnuli nagavsayrelebi garemos dabinZurebis aqtiuri
59
wyaroa, sadac uxeSadaa darRveuli garemosdacviTi da sanitariuli normebi, wesebi
da moTxovnebi.
gldanis nagavsayreli mdebareobs Tbilisis CrdiloeTiT, mcxeTis raionis
teritoriaze, didvakis xevis marjvena mxares, wyalgamtari koleqtoris Tavze, romlis farTobi Seadgens 8 ha-s. aRniSnuli teritoria nagavsayrelisaTvis gamoyofilia
saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWos 19.04.71w. #198 gadawyvetilebiT da eqspluataciaSi Sevida 1972 wels. yovelwliurad nagavsayrelze Sedis 650 aTasi m3 narCeni,
dRemde ki ganTavsebulia 20 mln m3 narCeni. ganTavsebuli narCenebis minimaluri
simaRle Seadgens 8 m-s, saSualo _ 12 m-s, xolo maqsimaluri _ 20 m-s.
iaRlujis nagavsayreli mdebareobs Tbilisidan 22 km-is daSorebiT, marneulis
raionis teritoriaze, q. rusTavis maxloblad, iaRlujis mTaze, romlis farTobi
Seadgens 5 ha-s. teritoria nagavsayrelisaTvis gamoyofilia saqarTvelos ssr
ministrTa sabWos 12.08.85w. #534 dadgenilebiT da eqspluataciaSi Sevida imave
wels. marneulis gamgeobis 2003 wlis 16 maisis #5/30 da q. Tbilisis mTavrobis
#05.19.82 09.09.2004w. dadgenilebiT eqspluataciis vada gagrZelebulia 2009
wlis bolomde. yovelwliurad nagavsayrelze gadis 550 aTasi m3 narCeni, xolo
2004 wlis mdgomareobiT ganTavsebulia 12 mln m3 narCeni. ganTavsebuli narCenebis
minimaluri simaRle Seadgens 3 m-s, saSualo 8 m-s, xolo maqsimaluri _ 10 m-s.
garda amisa, 2004 wlamde funqcionirebda (moqmedebda) lilos nagavsayreli.
romelic mdebareobs Tbilisis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi, samgoris raionSi
aeroportis maxloblad, romlis farTobi Seadgens 10 ha-s, ganTavsebuli narCenis
raodenoba - 5,8 mln m3-ia. aRniSnul nagavsayrelze Seqmnili iyo mZime sanitaruli
da ekologiuri foni, ris gamoc mosaxleoba gamoTqvamda seriozul ukmayofilebas
da maTi sarCelis safuZvelze mTawminda-krwanisis sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba
aRniSnuli nagavsayrelis daxurvis Sesaxeb. 2004 wels qalaq Tbilisis meriis
keTilmowyobis samasxuris mier ganxorcielda nagavsayrelis daxurvis samuSaoebi,
aqve aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom moxda misi droebiTi konservacia (miwis feniT
dafarva), rac srulad ver akmayofilebs sanitarul da garemosdacviT moTxovnebs.
gamomdinare aqedan, qalaqis meriam, momavalSi unda ganaxorcielos Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi am mimarTulebiT.
amis garda,
qalaqSi momravlebulia mcire zomis ukanono nagavsayrelebi,
romlebic wlebis ganmavlobaSi funqcionireben. mZime mdgomareobaa Seqmnili didi
diRomi-gldanis damakavSirebeli xidis mimdebared, sadac stiqiurad aris dayrili
didi raodenobiT sayofacxovrebo da samSeneblo narCeni. iqmneba niadagis da mdinaris
dabinZurebis saSiSroeba. miuxedavad gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa, aRniSnuli ukanono
nagavsayreli agrZelebs funqcionirebas.
q. Tbilisis keTilmowyobis sammarTvelos informaciis Tanaxmad mZime mdgomareobaa nagavsayrelebze dasaqmebuli teqnikis mxrivac. amJamad eqspluataciaSia mxolod
3 erTeuli amortizebuli buldozeri. samuSaoTa moculobidan gamomdinare saWiroa
damatebiT SeZenil iqnas 12 erTeuli specmanqana meqanizmi: buldozerebi, eqskavatorebi, miwis satkepnebi, greiderebi, avtoamweebi, didmoculobiani TviTmcleli avtomanqanebi, gadasaadgilebeli SemduRebeli aparatebi. ar hyofniT sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi, ris gamoc nagavmzidi manqanebis Zaras da saburavebs qalaqSi gasvlis win ar
ukeTdeba dezinfeqcia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mosaxleobasa da sabiujeto organizaciebidan momsaxurebis
gadasaxadebis amoReba srulyofilad ar xdeba. q. Tbilisis keTilmowyobis samsaxuris
informaciiT mosaxleobidan gadasaxadis amoReba Seadgens 40%-s. aseve ar xdeboda
biujetidan srulyofilad komunaluri samsaxurebis dafinanseba, ris gamoc isini
mZime ekonomikur mdgomareobaSi imyofebian.
60
narCenebis gadamuSaveba praqtikulad ar mimdinareobs. TbilisSi funqcionirebda
gldanis nagavgadamamuSavebeli da foniWalis nagavsawvavi qarxana. gldanis nagavgadamamuSavebeli qarxana eqspluataciaSi Sevida 1983 wels da awarmoebda narCenebis
bioTermuli meTodiT gadamuSavebas. foniWalis nagavsawvavi qarxana iyo Cexuri sistemis da eqspluataciaSi Sevida 1978 wels. sanam funqcionirebda nagavgadamamuSavebeli da nagavsawvavi qarxnebi, muSavdeboda 0,43 mln. m3 narCeni weliwadSi, xolo
danarCeni iyreboda nagavsayrelebze. 1991 wlidan orive qarxnis funqcionireba
Sewyvetilia, mwyobridanaa gamosuli agregatebi da aRdgenas ar eqvemdebareba.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gaumjobesebis mizniT erT-erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens _ maTi gadamuSavebis, gauvnebelyofis da ganTavsebis Tanamedrove teqnologiebis danergva da am mizniT saTanado
investiciebis mozidva. aucilebelia am mimarTulebiT gaaaqtiuron muSaoba qalaqis
meriis Sesabamisma samsaxurebma, visac uSualod evaleba narCenebis menejmenti.
aRsaniSnavia, rom BP-is (romelic awarmoebs BTC milsadeni mSeneblobas),
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros, qalaqis meriis urTierTSeTanxmebis safuZvelze gadawyda iaRlujis nagavsayrelis keTilmowyobis samuSaoebis
ganxorcieleba. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT BP-s mier SemuSavda proeqti, romelic
iTvaliswinebs sadrenaJo sistemis, wyalgamwmendis, misasvleli gzebis mowyobas,
SemoRobvas teritoriaze arsebuli narCenebis kompaqturad ganTavsebas da dafarvas
miwis feniT, damxmare saTavsoebis aSenebas da manqana meqanizmebis SeZenas.
mniSvnelovania is faqtic, rom BP-sTan aseve miRweulia SeTanxmeba q.
TbilisisaTvis Tanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisi nagavsayrelis mowyobasTan
dakavSirebiT. aseve ganixileba saxifaTo narCenebis poligonis mowyobis sakiTxi.
unda aRiniSnos, rom zogadad rogorc TbilisSi, ise regionebSi da raionebSi
moqmedi nagavsayrelebi ar pasuxoben garemosdacviT da sanitarul moTxovnebs da
normebs, kerZod:
_ nagavsayrelebis umravlesoba mdinareebis pirasaa ganlagebuli. atmosferuli
naleqebisa da wyaldidobis dros adgili aqvs mdinareSi Carecxvis faqtebs.
_ nagavsayrelebi ar aris SemoRobili da daculi, ris Sedegad adgili aqvs
nagavsayrelebis mTel teritoriaze pirutyvisa da adamianebis Tavisufal gadaadgilebas. nagavsayrelze gamokvebili pirutyvi daavadebis gamomwvevi baqteriebis potenciuri matarebelia.
_ zogierT nagavsayrelze warmoebs narCenebis datkepna, xolo saizolacio
miwis feniT dafarva xdeba iSviaTad.
_ TviTaalebisa da wvis (xanZris) SemTxvevebis Tavidan asacileblad nagavsayrelebs ar gaaCniaT narCenebis dasanotivebeli brunviTi wyalmomaragebis sistema,
ris Sedegadac zafxulis TveebSi xSirad adgili aqvs aalebiT procesebs. es gansakuTrebiT awuxebs im dasaxlebuli punqtebis macxovreblebs, sadac axlos aris
ganlagebuli nagavsayrelebi.
_ ar arsebobs nagavsayrelebis gaswvriv mwvane zona, agreTve miwisqveSa wylebis
kontrolisaTvis sinjis asaRebi Surfebi, Webi, an WaburRilebi.
samrewvelo narCenebi
samrewvelo narCenebi ganTavsebulia sawarmoebisa da maT mimdebare teritoriebze, sadac daculi ar aris garemosdacviTi moTxovnebi, ris gamoc aRniSnuli
narCenebi abinZureben garemos da safrTxes uqmnian adamianis janmrTelobas. mrewvelobis seqtoris sruli datvirTviT muSaobis dros gansakuTrebiT didi raodenobis
narCenebi warmoiqmna da dabinZurebis kerebi gaCnda iseT samrewvelo qalaqebSi,
rogoricaa rusTavi, quTaisi, zestafoni, bolnisi da sxva, sadac metalurgiuli,
feroSenadnobTa qarxnebidan, samTomompovebeli kombinatidan da sxva sawarmoebidan,
61
mravali aTasi tona samrewvelo narCeni (wida, damuSavebuli da fuWi qanebis
gadanayrebi da sxva) dagrovda, ris Sedegadac am sawarmoebis mimdebare teritoriebi
mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi formirdebodnen, rogorc toqsikuri elementebis
momatebuli koncentraciebis geoqimiuri provinciebi.
samrewvelo narCenebis marTvis sistema mosawesrigebelia da saWiroebs gansakuTrebul yuradRebas, radganac sakmaod didi raodenoba toqsikur narCens warmoadgens
(80-iani wlebis monacemebiT daaxloebiT 2 mln tonamde). saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze ar arsebobs samrewvelo narCenebis nagavsayrelebi. samrewvelo narCenebi
ganTavsebulia an sawarmos teritoriaze an sayofacxovrebo nagavsayrelebze. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia sawarmoebis is nawili, romelic dResdReobiT gaCerebulia an
Secvlili aqvs profili, magram gaaCnia Zveli, akumulirebuli narCeni. aRniSnuli
problemis efeqturad gadawyvetis mizniT aucilebelia Catardes inventarizacia,
romelic saSualebas mogvcems daigegmos maTi utilizacia-gauvneblobis konkretuli
RonisZiebebi.
gansakuTrebul safrTxes warmoadgens saqarTvelos teritoriaze yofili
sabWoTa kavSiris samxedro nawilebis, samxedro poligonebisa da sxva sawarmoo
nagavsayrelebis teritoriebze yovelgvari kontrolisa da aRricxvis gareSe mitovebuli maRaltoqsikuri narCenebi, feTqebadi nivTierebebi da sxva mavne narCenebi. amis
naTel magaliTs warmoadgenda sxvadasxva samxedro bazebze arsebuli Txevadi sawvavi
komponentebi `melanJi” da `samini” (1000 t-ze meti), romlebic did safrTxes
uqmnida adaminis janmrTelobas da garemos. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT SemuSavda am
nivTierebis gauvneblobis programa, romelic nawilobriv dafinansebul iqna saqarTvelos biujetidan da nawilobriv donori qveynebisagan. samuSaoebi dasrulda 2001
wels da mTlianad gauvnebelyofil iqna aRniSnuli mavne nivTierebebi. am etapze mimdinareobs àxalcixe-axalqalaqis regionSi yofili samWoTa samxedro bazebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Seswavla, saxifaTo narCenebis neitralizacia da dabinZurebuli
teritoriebis reabilitacia, rogorc ekologiur-socialuri stabilizaciis faqtori”. programis ganxorcieleba mimdinareobs euTo-s dafinansebiT.
miuxedavad amisa, aucileblobas warmoadgens mTlianad saqarTvelos teritoriaze yofili sabWoTa kavSiris samxedro bazebis poligonebze maRaltoqsikuri
narCenebis detaluri aRricxva-inventarizaciis Catareba, maTi identifikacia da
utilizaciisa da gauvneblobis RonisZiebaTa proeqtebisa da programebis SemuSaveba
da ganxorcieleba. aseve dabinZurebuli teritoriebis reabilitaciis programebis
Sedgena-ganxorcieleba.
seriozul problemas warmoadgens ambrolauris raionis sof. uravis da
lentexis raionis sof. canas dariSxanis sabados gadamuSavebis Sedegad miRebuli da
amJamad mitovebuli narCenebi. rogorc cnobilia aRniSnuli sawarmoebis mier warmoebuli produqcia samWoTa kavSiris arsebobis periodSi gamoiyeneboda, rogorc
samxedro, aseve samoqalaqo mizniT. amJamad am teritoriebze mitovebulia 100 000
tonamde samTo qimiuri gadamuSavebis narCenebi, romliTac dabinZurebulia garemo da
Sesabamisad, seriozuli safrTxe eqmneba adamianTa janmrTelobas. ris gamoc did SeSfoTebas gamoTqvams adgilobrivi mosaxleoba. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saministroSi
SemuSavebulia am narCenebis utilizacia-gauvnebelyofis programis proeqti, magram
samwuxarod daufinanseblobis gamo is ver xorcieldeba. (aucilebelia gamonaxuli
iqnas saTanado saxsrebi samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia mdgomareobis garTuleba).
unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs saxifaTo narCenebis moqmedi
samarxi. xazi unda gaesvas im faqts, rom rusTavis maxloblad iaRlujis mTaze
ganTavsebulia sasoflo-sameurneo Sxamqimikatebis samarxi. sadac arsebuli informaciiT ganTavsebulia 2 600 tonamde toqsikuri narCeni. samarxi 1986 wlidan
62
daxurulia, magram is Zalzed cud mdgomareobaSia, ar aris SemoRobili da daculi,
sadac Tavisuflad gadaadgildeba pirutyvi, aseve mosaxleobis mier samarxidan xdeba
metaluri taris amoReba. amave dros ucnobia Tu ra procesebi mimdinareobs samarxis
SigniT. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare es samarxi warmoadgens garemos dabinZurebis
wyaros, risTvisac saWiroa misi Seswavla da Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis gatareba.
zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare saWiroa arautilizirebadi saxifaTo narCenebis usafrTxo ganTavsebis da damarxvis mizniT gamonaxuli iqnes saTanado teritoria
da moewyos samarxi Tanamedrove garemosdacviTi moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
seriozul problemas warmoadgens satransporto narCenebis marTva, maT Soris
naxmari akumulatorebi, saburavebi, zeTebi. xSiria kustarulad maTi meoradi gamoyeneba da gadamuSaveba, sadac daculi ar aris garemosdacviTi normebi da moTxovnebi.
ar aris mowesrigebuli biologiuri da klinikuri narCenebis marTvis sistemebi. ar
aris danergili am sferoSi am saxis saxifaTo narCenebis gauvneblobis teqnologiebi.
Tavi 16
teqnogenuri avariebi da katastrofebi
TariRi
dasaxeleba
daiRupa
daSavda
2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze dafiqsirda teqnogenuri
avariebisa da katastrofebis 20 SemTxveva. maT Soris afeTqebisa da mowamvlis 4
SemTxvevaSi daiRupa 7 adamiani, 2 SemTxvevaSi daSavda 8 moqalaqe. Cvens xelT
arsebuli monacemebi moyvanilia cxrilSi #16.1.
cxrili #16.1
2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi momxdari teqnogenuri katastrofebi,
avariebi da ubeduri SemTxvevebi
1
5 ianvari
18 ianvari
2
xanZari
afeTqeba
3
3
1
4
30 ianvari
tyis
xanZari
ubeduri
SemTxveva
afeTqeba
3
Tebervali
18
Tebervali
29
Tebervali
23 marti
buneb. airis
gaJonva
tyis
xanZari
24 marti
tyis
xanZari
4
4
zarali
adgili
5
daiwva avtogasamarTi sadguri
“izotopebis” institutSi afeTqda
airis baloni
sof. xolmanis mimdebare teritoriaze
mdebare tyes gauCnda cecxli
orTaWalis mimdebare teritoriaze md.
mtkvarSi Cavarda avtomobili
sof. smnaSi maRali wnevis gazgamanawileblis dazianebam gamoiwvia sapatriarqos Senobis afeTqeba, ganadgurda 1
minitraqtori da 300 Tivis presi
q. tyibulSi bunebrivi airis gaJonvis
Sedegad moiwamla 4 adamiani
sof. gldanSi ganlagebuli nagavsayrelis mimdebare tyis masivs gauCnda
cecxli
xonis r-nis sof. dedalayis mimdebare
tyis masivs gauCnda cecxli
6
q. senaki
q. Tbilisi
63
imereTis
mxare
q. Tbilisi
yazbegis
raioni
imereTis
mxare
mcxeTamTianeTis
mxare
imereTis
mxare
1
24 marti
2
xanZari
27 marti
bunebrivi
airis
gaJonva
tyis
xanZari
31 marti
6 aprili
6 aprili
14 aprili
10-13
seqtemberi
teroristuli aqti
ubeduri
SemTxveva
tyis
xanZari
navTobis
gaJonva
3
4
5
sof. qsnis teritoriaze arsebul
Walas gauCnda cecxli
q. rusTavSi airis gaJonvis Sedegad
sacxovrebel saxlSi moxda afeTqeba
sof. saguramos mimdebare tyis masivs
gauCnda cecxli
2
1
ruseTis samxedro StabTan afeTqda
distanciuri naRmi
kinoTeatr “apolo”-s saxuravidan
gadmovarda dekoratiuli yvavilis
qoTani
q. gurjaanSi dafiqsirda tyis xanZari
ninowmindis #10 WaburRilze navTobis
gaJonvam daabinZura 41 ha satyeo
savarguli
6
Sida
qarTli
qvemo
qarTlis
mxare
mcxeTamTianeTis
mxare
q. Tbilisi
q. Tbilisi
kaxeTis
mxare
kaxeTis
mxare
Tavi 17
saqarTvelos garemosdacviTi kanonmdebloba
2004 wels miRebul iqna Semdegi sakanonmdeblo da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli
aqtebi:
1. saqarTvelos kanonebi:
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
`cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebebis Setanis Taobaze
(16.09.2004w. #448-IIs, ssm I, 2004, #28, m. 133);
`saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebis
Setanis Sesaxeb (29.12.2004w. #867-rs, ssm I, 2005, #6, m. 33);
`wiaRis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebis Setanis Taobaze (29.12.2004w.
#859-rs, ssm I, 2005, #6, m. 30);
`wiaRis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebebis Setanis Taobaze
(16.09.2004w. #447-IIs, ssm I, 2004, #28, m. 132);
`daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebis
Setanis Taobaze (29.12.2004w. #865-rs, ssm I, 2005, #6, m. 32);
`wylis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebebis Setanis Taobaze
(16.09.2004w. #445, ssm I, 2004, #28, m. 130);
`wylis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebis Setanis Taobaze (29.12.2004w.
#863, ssm I, 2005, #6, m. 31);
`miwebis melioraciis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebis Setanis Taobaze
(29.12.2004w. #877, ssm I, 2005, #6, m. 36);
`birTvuli da radiaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi
cvlilebis Setanis Taobaze (16.09.2004w. #449, ssm I, 2004, #28, m. 134);
`navTobisa da gazis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebis Setanis Taobaze
(29.12.2004w. #879, ssm I, 2005, #6, m. 37);
saqarTvelos sanitarul kodeqsSi cvlilebebisa da damatebis Setanis Taobaze
(25.06.2004w. #250, ssm I, 2004, #18, m. 71);
64
¾
`bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis mosakreblebis Sesaxeb~ (29.12.2004w.
#946, ssm I, 2004, #41, m. 213).
2. saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebulebebi:
¾
¾
¾
¾
`saqarTvelos kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis nusxis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos prezidentis 1998 wlis 30 noembris #669 brZanebulebaSi
damatebis Setanis Sesaxeb~ (09.07.2004w. #268, ssm #72, m. 634);
`sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris _ saqarTvelos saxelmwifo hidrografiuli samsaxuris Seqmnis Sesaxeb~ (25.09.2004w. #404, ssm #106, m. 911);
sajaro samarTlis iurdiuli piris _ borjomis centraluri (istoriuli)
parkis aRdgenisa da ganviTarebis fondis Sesaxeb (21.12.2004w. #605, ssm #152,
m. 1380);
zogierTi sajaro samarTlis iurdiuli piris Seqmnis Sesaxeb (31.12.2004w.
#641, ssm 2005 #1 m. 3);
3. saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenilebebi:
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
`baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis milsadenis proeq tze saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da
bunebrivi resursebis saministros garemosdacviTi nebarTvis pirobebTan dakavSirebiT samTavrobo samuSao jgufis Seqmnis Sesaxeb~ (03.04.2004w. 13, ssm #38,
m. 316);
`q. foTidan, mdinare rionze avariuli wyalgamyofi hidrokvanZis aRdgenagamagrebis pirveli rigis gadaudebel RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~ (10.04.2004w. 14,
ssm #41, m. 333, 06.08.04w. #65 ssm #83, mux. 731);
`q. Tbilisis istoriuli nawilis damcav zonebSi axalmSeneblobasTan
dakavSirebiT sagangebo reJimis SemoRebis Sesaxeb~ (13.04.2004w. 22, ssm #42, m.
347);
`saqarTvelos saxelmwifo tyis fondis teritoriaze xe-tyis Wris droebiT
SeCerebis an/da SezRudvis Sesaxeb~ (14.05.2004w. 34, ssm #52, m. 440);
`saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTis ganviTarebis generaluri sqemis SemuSavebis
RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~ (27.05.2004w. 41, ssm #56, m. 479);
`saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros debulebis
damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (12.06.2004w. 50, ssm #60, m. 526, 1) 06.08.04w. #66 ssm
#83, mux. 733. 2) 24.11.04w. 110 ssm 137, mux. 1228);
damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2004 wlis 12 ivnisis #50
dadgenilebaSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze~;
`saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo
dawesebulebis _ geodeziisa da kartografiis departamentis saqarTvelos
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb~
(10.09.2004w. 79, ssm #99, m. 851);
damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2004 wlis 12 ivnisis #50
dadgenilebaSi damatebis Setanis Taobaze~ (24.11.2004w. 110, ssm #137, m. 1228);
`Tambaqos nawarmis Semadgenlobisa da SefuTvis Sesaxeb~ (31.12.2004w. 123, ssm
#156, m. 1435);
`saavtomobilo benzinis xarisxobrivi normebis Sesaxeb~ (31.12.2004w. 124, ssm
#156, m. 1436).
4. saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis ministris brZanebebi:
¾
`saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis ministris 2003 wlis
14 agvistos #85 brZanebiT damtkicebul `saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis
Catarebis wesis Sesaxeb~ debulebaSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze~ (14.05.2004w. #11, 360.130.000.11.103.006.494 18.05.04 ssm #53, mux. 452);
65
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
`xe-tyis eqsportis sanebarTvo mowmobis formis damtkicebis Taobaze~
saqarTvelos satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo departamentis 2003 wlis 30
ivnisis #10/140 brZanebaSi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb~ (20.05.2004w. #10/20,
390.010.000.11.103.006.499 25.05.04 ssm #55, mux. 470);
`cxovelTa samyaros obieqtebiT sargeblobis sauwyebaTSoriso eqspertTa
sabWoTa da regionaluri saeqsperto komisiebis Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb~
(10.06.2004w. #14, 360.160.000.11.103.006.520 14.06.04, ssm #60, mux.528);
`Savi zRvis wylebis dabinZurebiT saxelmwifosaTvis miyenebuli zianis
daangariSebis Sesaxeb debulebis~ damtkicebis Taobaze~ (14.06.2004w. #15,
360.160.000.11.103.006.527 18.06.04, ssm #64, mux. 568);
`saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis _ satyeo meurneobis departamentis, hidrometeorologiis departamentis, daculi teritoriebis departamentisa da geologiis
departamentis
debulebebis
damtkicebis
Sesaxeb~
(04.10.2004w.
#62,
360.160.000.22.023.006.747 08.10.04, ssm #113, mux. 1006);
`saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosTan
arsebuli sauwyebaTaSoriso saeqsperto salicenzio sabWos reglamentis
damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (02.11.2004w. #70, 360.160.000.22.023.006.808 05.11.04, ssm
@#129 mux. 1146);
`saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros zogierTi
struqturuli qvedanayofis debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (02.11.2004w. #71,
360.160.000.22.023.006.809
05.11.04.
cv.
07.03.05
#27,
360.160.000.22.023.007.119 ssm #26, mux. 245, ssm #129, mux. 1147);
`saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros zogierTi
struqturuli qvedanayofebis debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (02.11.2004w.
#69, 360.160.000.22.023.006.810 05.11.04, ssm #129, mux. 1145);
`xe-tyis eqsportis sanebarTvo mowmobis formis damtkicebis Taobaze~
(24.11.2004w. #82, 360.160.000.22.023.006.873 25.11.04, ssm #137, mux. 1231);
`saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis ministris 2002 wlis 4
oqtombris #99 brZanebiT damtkicebul debulebaSi ùkanono tyiTsargeblobis
Sedegad saxelmwifo tyis fondisaTvis miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis wesis
Sesaxeb~
cvlilebis
Setanis
Taobaze~
(17.12.2004w.
#93,
360.160.000.22.023.006.932 22.12.04, ssm #154, mux. 1401);
`saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
sakonkurso-saatestacio komisiis debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (24.12.2004w.
#97, 360.160.000.22.023.006.946 27.12.04, ssm #154, mux. 1402).
5. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brZanebebi:
¾
¾
¾
`sawarmoo transfuziologiis dawesebulebebisadmi wayenebuli sanitarulhigienuri da epidemiologiuri moTxovnebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos Sromis,
janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris 2000 wlis 16 agvistos
#298/n brZanebaSi cvlilebebis Setanis Taobaze (13.01.2004w. #7/n,
470.010.000.11.119.006.301 16.01.02, ssm #5, mux. 89);
`kvebis mrewvelobis zogierTi tipis sawarmos mowyobis aRWurvisa da
eqspluataciis sanitaruli wesebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos jandacvis
ministris 2001 wlis 16 agvistos #304/n brZanebaSi damatebis Setanis Sesaxeb
(15.01.2004w. #11/n, 470.150.000.11.119.006.306 22.01.04, ssm #11, mux. 109);
`msxvilmasStabiani radiaciuli avariebis dros sanitarul-higienuri da
samkurnalo-profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebis organizebis meToduri miTiTebebis
damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (14.01.2004w. #8/n, 470.040.000.11.119.006.307 23.01.04, Z/d
66
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
27.01.05 #25/n, 470.230.000.22.035.007.54, ssm #13, mux. 142, ssm #11, mux.
107);
`radioizotopuri laboratoriebis mowyobisa da medicinaSi diaradiofarmapreparatebis gamoyenebis sanitaruli wesebisa da normebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~
(15.01.2004w. #10/n, 470.150.000.11.119.006.308 23.01.04, ssm #11, mux. 10);
`wylis sinjebis aRebis sanitaruli wesebis Sesaxeb~ (22.01.2004w. #15/n,
470.150.000.11.119.006.317 29.01.04, ssm #13, mux. 120);
`wyalmomaragebis sistemaSi gamoyenebuli masalebis, reagentebis, mowyobilobebisa da teqnologiebis higienuri Sefasebis meToduri miTiTebebis damtkicebis
Sesaxeb~ (22.01.2004w. #16/n, 470.150.000.11.119.006.318 29.01.04, ssm #13, mux.
117);
ùltraiisferi dasxivebis meTodis gamoyenebiT gausnebovnebis sanitaruli
wesebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (22.01.2004w. #17/n, 470.150.000.11.119.006.319
29.01.04, ssm #13, mux. 118);
`sxvadasxva tipisa da daniSnulebis gamosxivebis wyaroebTan, samrewvelo
masalebTan da instruqciebTan muSaobisadmi wayenebuli higienuri moTxovnebis
damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (14.04.2004w. #76/n, 470.010.000.11.119.006.462 20.04.04,
ssm #45, mux. 391);
`sawarmoo transfuziologiis dawesebulebebisadmi wayenebuli sanitarulhigienuri da epidemiologiuri moTxovnebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (15.04.2004w.
#79/n, 470.010.000.11.119.006.466 20.04.04, ssm #43, mux. 371);
`mZime mrewvelobis zogierTi tipis sawarmos mowyobis, aRWurvisa da
eqspluataciis sanitaruli wesebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (14.04.2004w. #78/n,
470.010.000.11.119.006.467 20.04.04, ssm #45, mux. 390);
`sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris _ saqarTvelos jandacvis saministros
saxelmwifo sanitaruli zedamxedvelobis inspeqciis Seqmnisa da misi debulebis
damtkicebis Taobaze~ (22.07.2004w. #172/n, 470.160.010.11.119.006.586 27.07.04,
ssm #76, mux. 681);
`Tambaqos nawarmis da mis kvamlSi naerTebis, nikotinisa da fisis Semcvelobis
zRvrulad dasaSvebi doneebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos jandacvis
ministris 2001 wlis 16 agvistos #310/n brZanebaSi cvlilebis Setanis
Taobaze~ (31.12.2004w. #364/n, 470.230.000.22.035.006.965 31.12.04, ssm #156,
mux. 1453);
`qveyanaSi samedicino da profilaqtikuri sadezinfeqcio saqmianobis srulyofis
Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris
2002 wlis 19 martis #64/n brZanebaSi damatebebisa da cvlilebebis Setanis
Taobaze~ (31.12.2004w. #363/n, 470.230.000.22.035.006.983 10.01.05, ssm 2005w.,
#2, mux. 26).
6. saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi da SeTanxmebebi:
¾
¾
SeTanxmeba _ `saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da azerbaijanis mTavrobas Soris
ekologiurad sufTa avtomatizirebuli specialuri transportisa da misi
infrastruqturis
sferoSi
TanamSromlobis
Sesaxeb~
(22.01.2004w.
480.010.000.02.002.000.473 30.01.04);
SeTanxmebis Sesworeba _ àSS-s Tavdacvis departamentisa da saqarTvelos
Tavdacvis saministros Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebisa biologiuri iaraRebis
ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli teqnologiis, paTogenTa da codna-gamocdilebis
gauvrceleblobis dargSi urTierTTanamSromlobis Sesaxeb~ (19.03.2004w. q.
Tbilisi; 23.03.2004w. q. vaSingtoni. 22.07.2004w. 480.140.000.02.105.000.473
30.08.04).
67
Tavi 18
kontroli garemos dacvis sferoSi
saxelmwifo kontrols garemos dacvis sferoSi axorcieleben Semdegi uwyebebi:
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro, Sromis, janmrTelobisa da
socialuri dacvis saministro.
2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministros teritoriuli organoebis mier ganxorcielebuli inspeqtirebiT
gamovlenil iqna garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis darRvevis 1057 faqti, razedac
Sedga saTanado oqmebi. gamovlenili garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis darRvevisaTvis
administraciuli wesiT dakisrebuli jarimebis Tanxam Seadgina 138489 lari,
saidanac amoRebulia 10516 lari, anu daaxloebiT 7,6% (nax. 18.1). garemoze
miyenebuli zianis Tanxam Seadgina 19408278 lari, saidanac amoRebulia 34670 lari
(0,18%). samarTaldamcav da sasamarTlo organoebSi Semdgomi reagirebisa da
mokvlevisaTvis gadacemulia 996 saqme. aRniSnuli saqmeebidan ganxilulia 425 saqme
(43,0%).
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros mier 1997-2004
wlebSi gamovlenili garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis darRvevebi
400000
300000
Llari
31
30
25
22
250000
231448
17
20
169817
200000
138489
150000
10
100000
50000
30
%
350000
35
839066
80743
40163
29015
22818
8632
8874
3882
4
6918
5351
0
1997
1998
1999
71384
2000
dakisrebuli jarimebi, lari
2001
2002
10
7,6
10516
6244
15
5
0
2003
2004
amoRebuli jarimebi, lari
jarimebis amoRebis xarisxi, %
nax. 18.1
statistikis departamentis informaciiT, 2004 wels qveyanaSi gamovlenil iqna
xe-tyis ukanono Wris 7575 faqti, 47484 m3 moculobiTa da 403148 laris sanixre
RirebulebiT. tyis ukanono WrebisaTvis gaformebul iqna 3668 aqti, xolo
samarTaldamcav organoebs gadaeca 2772 aqti. gamovlenil damnaSaveebze dakisrebulma
jarimam Seadgina 390407 lari, aqedan amoRebulia 54102 lari, anu daaxloebiT
14,0%.
2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi daculi teritoriebis tyis dacvis muSakebisa da
daculi teritoriebis zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris mier gamovlinda 274 kanondarRvevis SemTxveva, maT Soris nadirobis wesebis darRvevaze 149, TevzWeris darRvevaze
44, xolo daculi teritoriebis reJimis darRvevaze 81 SemTxveva.
68
Tavi 19
garemosdacviTi politika da saxelmwifo programebi
qveynis optimaluri garemosdacviTi politikis gatarebisaTvis ZiriTad da
aucilebel pirobas prioritetuli mimarTulebebis gansazRvra warmoadgens.
saqarTvelos garemosdacviTi politikis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi gamoikveTa
90-iani wlebis Sua periodidan da Semdeg mkafiod Camoyalibda garkveuli problemebis saxiT. yvela prioritetuli mimarTulebis mixedviT gansazRvrulia dRevandeli
mdgomareoba, gadasawyveti amocanebi da dadgenilia mdgomareobis gamosworebisaTvis
sainvesticio proeqtebis, instituciuri mowyobis da sakanonmdeblo saqmianobis
ganxorcielebis gzebi. amasTan, gasaTvaliswinebelia gaeros evropis ekonomikuri
komisiis angariSSi arsebuli daskvna saqarTvelos garemosdacviTi politikis Sesaxeb,
sadac aRniSnulia: „garemos dacvis kanonis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos garemosa da
bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro, sxva saministroebTan erTad valdebulia,
SeimuSaos mdgradi ganviTarebis strategia. am mizniT 1996 wels prezidentis
brZanebulebiT Seiqmna mdgradi ganviTarebis erovnuli komisia, magram aranairi
samuSao ar Sesrulebula da amdenad arc strategia ar aris SemuSavebuli dRemde.
amis ZiriTad mizezebs warmoadgens qveynis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro prioritetuli
mimarTulebebis erToblivi xedvis nakleboba, susti uwyebaTSorisi TanamSromloba,
dainteresebuli mxareebis susti warmomadgenlobiToba da strategiis mosamzadeblad
saWiro meTodologiuri bazis ar arseboba. garemos dacvis kanonis mixedviTac
erovnuli garemosdacviTi samoqmedo gegmebi unda emyarebodes mdgradi ganviTarebis
strategias, magram naTelia, es ver xerxdeba“.
2000-2004 wlebSi prioritetul mimarTulebebad miCneulia is saerTaSoriso
konvenciebi, romlebsac mierTebulia saqarTvelo. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia:
a) klimatis cvlileba
1994 wlidan saqarTvelo mierTebulia gaerTianebuli erebis CarCo-konvencias
klimatis cvlilebis Sesaxeb (rio-de-Janeiro 1992 weli). saqarTvelos prezidentis
1996 wlis #630 brZanebulebiT Seiqmna klimatis cvlilebaTa saxelmwifo komisia.
1997 wlis ianvridan gaeros daxmarebiT da globaluri garemosdacviTi fondis
dafinansebiT xorcieldeba proeqti “daxmarebis gaweva saqarTvelosaTvis klimatis
cvlilebis CarCo-konvenciis farglebSi mis valdebulebaTa Sesasruleblad”.
mimdinareobs saTburis efeqtis mqone airebis jamuri gafrqvevis inventarizacia.
b) stratosferuli ozonis daSla
1995 wels saqarTvelo SeuerTda ozonis Sris dacvis Sesaxeb venis konvencias
(vena, 1985w) da mis monrealis oqms. saqarTveloSi dadgenilia ozondamSlel nivTierebaTa sabazo done da miRebulia gadawyvetileba am nivTierebaTa importis srul
Sewyvetaze 2005 wlisaTvis.
g) biomravalferovneba
saqarTvelo 1994 wels SeuerTda konvencias “biologiuri mravalferovnebis
Sesaxeb” (rio-de-Janeiro 1992 weli), xolo 1996 wels _ ramsarisa da vaSingtonis
konvenciebs. amJamad saqarTveloSi 15 saxelmwifo nakrZalia. 1999 wels amoqmedda
borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki. dagegmilia TuSeTis erovnuli parkis Seqmna.
gamokveTilia am mimarTulebis garemosdacviTi politikis prioritetuli problemebi.
garda globaluri problemebisa, qveynis prioritetul Sida problemad
miCneulia:
• sasmeli wylis momarageba da sakanalizacio qselis aRdgena-reabilitacia;
• zedapiruli wylebis dabinZureba;
• atmosferuli haeris dabinZureba avtotransportidan;
• samrewvelo da sayofacxovrebo narCenebis utilizacia;
69
•
•
•
•
•
saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa gauvnebelyofa;
niadagebis erozia;
Savi zRvis ekologiuri mdgomareoba;
tyis resursebis mdgradi gamoyeneba;
miwis resursebis racionaluri gamoyeneba.
garemosdacviTi politikiT gansazRvrulia Savi zRvis ekologiuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi, rac iTvaliswinebs Savi
zRvis auzSi ganlagebuli qalaqebis sakanalizacio wylebis gauvnebelyofisaTvis
saWiro teqnikuri sistemebis reabilitacias, portebSi tankerebidan navTobproduqtebis zRvaSi Cadinebis kontrols da Savi zRvis dacvis konvenciuri inspeqciis
saTanado momzadebas.
Savi zRvis ekologiuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad udidesi mniSvneloba
eniWeba sanapiro zonis integrirebuli marTvis programas, romlis ganxorcieleba
1999 wels daiwyo. es programa xorcieldeba msoflio bankis, globaluri garemosdacviTi fondis da holandiis mTavrobis finansuri xelSewyobiT. am programiT
gaTvaliswinebulia kolxeTis erovnuli parkis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba.
saqarTvelos tyeebis udidesi nawili klasificirdeba rogorc dacviTi
mniSvnelobis, magram xdeba misi ukanono Wra, romlis aRkveTa ver moxerxda. ukanono
Wras xels uwyobs tyis produqtebze msoflio bazarze maRali fasebi, saqarTveloSi
ki gaumarTlebeli siiafe.
tyis resursebis mdgradi gamoyenebis da ekologiuri wonasworobis SenarCunebis
mizniT msoflio bankis mxardaWeriT SemuSavda “saqarTvelos satyeo meurneobis
ganviTarebis strategia”, romliTac gansazRvrulia satyeo meurneobis mdgradi
ganviTarebisaTvis gansaxorcielebeli instituciuri cvlilebebi da sainvesticio
proeqtebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi. dasaxulia satyeo meurneobis sferoSi
reformebis gatareba Semdegi prioritetuli mimarTulebebiT:
• tyis ekosistemebis SenarCunebis uzrunvelyofa;
• tyis resursebis TviTaRdgeniTi procesebis stabilurobis uzrunvelyofa;
• sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa;
• satyeo meurneobis muSaTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba da maTi ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba;
• satyeo
meurneobis
sistemis
reforma
saxelmwifosaTvis
samewarmeo
funqciebis TandaTan Camocilebis gziT;
• satyeo meurneobis dargSi kerZo investiciaTa mozidvis mizniT saTanado
pirobebis Seqmna.
zemoT CamoTvlili problemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, garemos dacvis politikis
sworad warmarTvisaTvis dadgenilia gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebis Semdegi Ziriadi mimarTulebebi:
a) kanonebisa da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebis SemuSaveba;
b) ekonomikuri instrumentebis dadgena;
g) garemos dacvaze saxelmwifo kontrolis ganxorcieleba;
d) garemos mdgomareobisa da mavne emisiebis monitoringi;
e) sazogadoebis informireba da misi monawileoba garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovan gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi.
saqarTveloSi garemosdacviTi politikis gatarebis mZlavr saSualebad gvevlineba saxelmwifo programebisa da saerTaSoriso proeqtebis Sesruleba. garemos
dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros sistemaSi 2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi
mimdinareobda muSaoba 21 saerTaSoriso proeqtisa da 6 saxelmwifo miznobrivi
programis gansaxorcieleblad.
70
cxrili 19.1
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier dafinansebuli programebi/proeqtebi
#
proeqtis dasaxeleba
1
1
2
mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis (POPs) Sesaxeb
stokholmis konvenciis Sesrulebis erovnuli
samoqmedo gegmis momzadebis proeqti
saswavlo programa sabaJos TanamSromelTaTvis odn-Ta
eqsport-importis kontrolisa da am nivTierebaTa
monitoringis Sesaxeb
sainiciativo programa komerciul/samewarmeo da
satransporto saSualebebis qveseqtorebis samacivro
teqnikis saboloo momxmareblebisaTvis
instituciuri gaZliereba monrealis oqmisadmi
saqarTvelos valdebulebaTa SesrulebisaTvis (faza III)
meTilbromidis xmarebidan etapobrivi amoReba niadagis
fumigaciis seqtorSi
saqarTvelo: xelsayreli garemos Seqmna klimatis
cvlilebis problemebis Sesafaseblad” (dainteresebul
mxareTa TviTSefaseba-inventarizacia
teqnikuri daxmarebis gaweva azerbaijanis, moldovis,
saqarTvelosa da somxeTisaTvis klimatis globalur
cvlilebasTan dakavSirebul valdebulebaTa
Sesasruleblad”
saqarTvelo - ganaxlebadi energetikuli resursebis
aTvisebis xelSewyoba adgilobrivi energomomaragebis
mizniT
biousafrTxoebis erovnuli sistemis ganviTareba
saqarTveloSi
regionuli proeqti “saTburis gazebis erovnuli
inventarizaciis Tvisobrivi gaumjobesebisaTvis
potencialis Seqmna
tyis ganviTarebis proeqti
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
proeqtis Sesrulebis vadebi
globaluri garemos dacvis mizniT saqarTvelos
SesaZleblobaTa gaZlierebis saWiroebebis Sefaseba
natos proeqti “samxreT kavkasiis mdinareTa
monitoringi (back)
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis ganviTarebis
proeqti
md. mtkvari-araqsis auzis transsasazRvro degradaciis
Semcireba
mdinareTa marTvis gaerTianebuli programa
"transsasazRvro mdinareebis monitoringi da wylis
xarisxis Sefaseba"
71
3
2003-2005 w.w.
2003 - 2004w.w.
2002 - 2004w.w.
2003 – 2005 w.w.
2003 - 2005w.w.
2004 w. 1 ivlisi _
2004 w. 1 oqtomberi
2004 w. 5 aprili _
2006 w. 5 oqtomberi
2004 _2009 w.w.
2002 -2004 w.w.
2003-2006w.w.
1. avansis werili SeTanxmebis
xelmoweris TariRi: 2000wlis
16 marti.
2. sakredito xelSekrulebis
xelmoweris TariRi: 2002w. 3
dekemb. – 2008w. 31 dekemberi
2002 _ 2004 w.w.
2002-2005 w.w.
xelmowerilia: 2001w.
faqtiuri ganxorcieleba daiwyo:
2002 w. ivlisidan 2002- 2006 w.w.
2003 _ 2005w.w.
2001 _2005 w.w.
1
17
18
19
20
21
2
borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis damxmare zonis
infrastruqturis xelSewyoba
sanapiro zonis integrirebuli marTva
Ria programa borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki
/BMZ-Nr.98 65 924/”
kolxeTis dablobze mcxovrebi mosaxleobis socialuri
usafrTxoebis gaumjobeseba
garemosdacviTi informacia, ganaTleba da cnobierebis
amaRleba sng-Si, azerbaijani, belarusi, moldova,
saqarTvelo, somxeTi, ukraina
3
2001 _2005 w.w.
2003 _ 2006 w.w.
Ddaiwyo 1998 wels
proeqtis sami komponenti
dasrulda 2001 wels
mimdinareobs misi erT-erTi
komponentis (Zirula- xaragaulis
gzis) mSenebloba
2004 -2006 w.
2002 _ 2004 w.w.
Tavi 20
ekologiuri usafrTxoeba!
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros mier wina wlebSi
ekologiuri usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT:
a) SemuSavda navTobsadenis xanZrebisagan dacvisa da ekologiuri katastrofebis Tavidan acilebis RonisZiebebi.
b) SemuSavda saxelmwifosaTvis strategiuli obieqtebis – gazis, navTobsadenebis da portebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi.
aRniSnuli proeqti saSualebas iZleva didi sizustiT ganisazRvros avariis
dro da mdebareoba mosalodneli katastrofebis Sedegebis Serbilebis mizniT;
g) momzadda
ekosocialuri
kiTxvari,
romlis
mizania
mosaxleobis
gamokiTxvebis safuZvelze katastrofebis prognozirebis mecnieruli meTodebis
damuSaveba;
d) Sesrulda samuSao “q. Tbilisis katastrofasaSiSi wyaroebis (xevebis)
Seswavla da damcavi RonisZiebebi”.
2004 wels ekologiuri usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT samuSaoebi ar
ganxorcielebula.
Tavi 21
garemosdacviTi da bunebrivi resursebiT
sargeblobis ekonomikuri meqanizmebi
cnobilia, rom ekonomikuri meqanizmebis gamoyeneba aris yvelaze ufro efeqturi
saSualeba ekologiuri da sxva problemebis gadasawyvetad.
2004 wlisaTvis, saqarTveloSi moqmedebda ori saxis garemosdacviTi
gadasaxadi:
a) gadasaxadi garemos dabinZurebisaTvis:
72
•
stacionaruli wyaroebidan atmosferuli haeris mavne nivTierebebiT
dabinZurebisaTvis;
• stacionaruli wyaroebidan zedapirul wylebSi mavne nivTierebebis
CaSvebisaTvis;
• sawvavis importisa da warmoebisaTvis.
b) gadasaxadi bunebrivi resursebis sargeblobisaTvis:
• wylis resursebiT;
• sasargeblo wiaRiseuli resursebiT (maT Soris mineraluri wylebiT);
• biologiuri resursebiT;
• tyis merqnuli resursebiT.
2004 wlis CaTvliT, zemoT aRniSnuli gadasaxadebi regulirdeboda
saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsiT.
aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebis saerTo odenoba
ukanaskneli wlebis manZilze izrdeboda, rac ZiriTadad dakavSirebuli iyo
gadasaxadebis amoRebis gaumjobesebasTan, Tumca, realurad amoRebuli gadasaxadebis
odenoba kvlavac CamorCeba potenciuri Semosavlebis odenobas.
nax. 21.1 mocemulia garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebidan (mimdinare fasebSi)
miRebuli Tanxebis dinamika wlebis mixedviT (1995-2004w.w.).
garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebidan saqarTvelos biujetSi
Caricxuli Tanxebis odenoba 1995-2004 wlebSi
Tanxa mln. larebSi
35
31
30
24,4
25
15
10
10
5
0,3
19,6
19,3
17,5
20
24
15,3
13,8
11,9
7,5
7,4
2000
2001
9,1
10,2
2002
2003
11,4
1,9 2,2
0
1995
2004
1. gadasaxadebi garemos dabinZurebisaTvis
2. gadasaxadebi bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis
3. jamuri Semosavlebi mimdinare fasebSi
nax. 21.1
bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis gadasaxadebis odenobidan, romelic
2004 wels ganisazRvra 11,4 mln. lariT, tyis resursebze modis 3,6 mln. lari,
wiaRiT sargeblobisaTvis 3,3 mln. lari, mcenareuli resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis
53,6 aT. lari, cxovelTa samyaros resursebze 36,8 aT. lari, wylis resursebze 1,5
mln. lari da sxva araklasificirebul bunebriv resursebze 2,9 mln. lari.
rac Seexeba gadasaxadebs garemos mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZurebisaTvis, romlis
odenobam 2004 wels Seadgina 19,6 mln. lari, ZiriTadi nawili 18 mln. lari
modioda sawvavis importze (benzinze – 12,7 mln. lari, dizelze _ 3,1 mln. lari,
bunebriv airze _ 1,3 mln. lari, navTze _ 05 mln. lari), xolo 1,6 mln. lari
gadasaxadebze garemos stacionaruli wyaroebidan dabinZurebisaTvis.
aRsaniSnavia, rom gadasaxadebidan garemos dabinZurebisaTvis TiTqmis 92%
modioda sawvavis importze. 2004 wels aRniSnuli gadasaxadebis mkveTri zrda
73
(TiTqmis 6 mln. lari) wina welTan SedarebiT gamowveuli iyo sawvavis kontrabandis
SemcirebiTa da zogadad qveyanaSi gadasaxadebis amoRebis maCveneblis gaumjobesebiT.
aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom aRniSnul gadasaxadebs ZiriTadad hqondaT
fiskaluri efeqti.
amavdroulad, unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTveloSi ekologiuri gadasaxadebis
amoqmedebasTan erTad mewarmeTa Soris Camoyalibda ekologiuri da sagadasaxado
kultura, rac Zalzed mniSvnelovani faqtoria qveynis evropul struqturebSi
integraciis perspeqtivis gaTvaliswinebiT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebidan biujetSi Caricxuli
Tanxebi sagadasaxado kodeqsis Tanaxmad unda moxmareboda bunebrivi resursebis
kvlavwarmoebisa da garemosdacviTi samuSaoebis dafinansebas, sinamdvileSi, isini
mTlianad xmardeboda regionebSi socialuri (xelfasebi, pensiebi) da sxva ekonomikuri problemebis mogvarebas. saministros araerTgzis mcdelobisa (raSic mas
parlamentis garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis komiteti uWerda mxars), ver
moxerxda miznobrivi garemosdacviTi fondis Seqmna, romelic uzrunvelyofda
garemosdacviTi samuSaoebis stabilur dafinansebas.
ekologiuri fondis Seqmnis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom saqarTvelos social-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis am etapze saxelmwifo biujeti ver uzrunvelyofs saTanado saxsrebis gamoyofas garemosdacviT saqmianobaze (ix. cxrili #21.1).
cxrili #21.1
saxelmwifo biujetidan garemos dacvaze gaweuli danaxarjebi
1997-2004 wlebSi (mln. lari)
wlebi
saxelmwifo biujetis
xarjebi
garemos dacvaze gaweuli
danaxarjebi
danaxarjebis wili
saxelmwifo biujetSi (%)
danaxarjebis mSp-Tan (%)
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
776,8
797,3
904,8
833,9
906,4
1049,4
1207,1
1965,5
3,4
1,5
2,7
1,7
2,3
3,8
4,1
32,3
0,44
0,19
0,30
0,20
0,25
0,36
0,34
1,17
0,07
0,03
0,05
0,03
0,03
0,05
0,05
0,24
rogorc cxrili #21.1-dan Cans, miuxedavad imisa, rom 2004 wels 5,6-jer
gaizarda garemosdacviTi seqtoris dafinanseba. garemos dacvaze gaweuli danaxarebis
wili saxelmwifo biujetSi Seadgens sul 1,17%-s da mTlianad Sida produqciis
moculobis mimarT mxolod 0,24%-s, rac evropis qveynebs Soris erT-erTi dabali
maCvenebelia.
samwuxarod, garemos dacvis sferos dafinansebis dros, mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba is faqtori, rom ekologiuri problemebi miekuTvneba im problemaTa kategorias,
romelTa gadaWra rTuldeba da ufro Zviri jdeba drois ganmavlobaSi.
74
Tavi 22
garemosdacviTi saqmianobis dafinanseba
saqarTvelos kanonis “saqarTvelos mTavrobis struqturis, uflebamosilebisa
da saqmianobis wesis Sesaxeb" Tanaxmad, garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministroSi daiwyo da grZeldeba struqturuli da funqcionaluri cvlilebebi.
miuxedavad amisa, saministros saqmianobis prioritetebi da ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi
arsebiT cvlilebas ar ganicdis, vinaidan misi funqcia dRemde iyo da rCeba garemos
dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis sferoSi saxelmwifo kontrolis
ganxorcieleba.
saministros mizani da amocanebia qveynis mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis xelSewyoba, garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis regulirebis sistemis qmediTunarianobis (efeqturobis) amaRleba. dasaxuli amocanis misaRwevad programis ZiriTadi
strategia efuZneba Semdeg principebs: sistemuri midgoma, gamWirvaloba, mdgradoba,
harmonizacia, liberalizacia, integracia saerTaSoriso procesebSi da a.S.
saqarTvelos kanoniT, “saqarTvelos 2004 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb,”
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosaTvis (biujetis organizaciuli
kodi 36 00) wliurma damtkicebulma biujetma Seadgina 42 772,1 aT. lari, m. S.
saministros Senaxvis xarjebia 5 694,3 aT. lari, ucxoeTidan miRebuli dafinansebis
wyaroebiT da grantebiT gansaxorcielebel investiciur proeqtebSi Tanamonawileobisa da Tanadafinansebis xarjebi _ 6 360,3 aT. lari, sainvesticio proeqtebis
sakredito da sagranto resursebi _ 30 717,5 aT lari. saStato erTeulTa saerTo
ricxovnoba damtkicda 4 284 erTeuli.
saqarTvelos kanonis “saqarTvelos mTavrobis struqturis, uflebamosilebisa
da saqmianobis wesis Sesaxeb" Tanaxmad, garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministroSi struqturuli da funqcionaluri cvlilebebis da sxva mimdinare
cvlilebebis (10%-is farglebSi) da aseve, ivlisis TveSi 2004 wlis biujetis
kanonSi Setanili cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebis Sedegad saministros biujeti
dazustda da Seadgina 6116,3 aT. lari. biujetis organizaciuli kodebis mixedviT:
saministros centraluri aparatis (kodi 35-01) xarjebisTvis Seadgina _ 657,6
aT. lari, bunebrivi da anTropogenuli katastrofebis samsaxurisaTvis (kodi 35 02)
10,4 aT. lari; garemos monitoringis centrisTvis (kodi 35 03) 17,9 aT. lari; saministros teritoriuli samsaxurebisaTvis (kodi 35 04) 304,1 aT. lari, aRwarmoebis
centrisaTvis (kodi 35-06) _ 6,1 aT. lari; klimatis kvlevis erovnuli saagentosaTvis (kodi 35-06) _ 5,3 aT. lari; saministros programebisaTvis (kodi 35-07) _
136,9 aT. lari; garemos dacvis institutisaTvis (kodi 35-08) _ 65,1 aT. lari,
zRvis ekologiis institutisaTvis (kodi 35-09) _ 71,5 aT. lari, geologiis departamentisaTvis (kodi 35 10) _ 894,6 aT. lari, daculi teritoriebis departamentisaTvis (kodi 35 11) _ 589,2 aT. lari, satyeo meurneobis departamentisaTvis (kodi
35 12) _ 2344,6 aT. lari, hidrometeorologiis departamentisaTvis (kodi 35 13) _
910,0 aT. lari, miwis marTvis departamentisaTvis (kodi 35 14) _ 102,9 aT. lari.
saministros 2004 wlis kontrolirebadi arasagadasaxado savaraudo Semosavlebis saprognozo moculobam 1 072,9 aT. lari Seadgina. faqtiurad biujetis Semosulobebma 1677,2 aT. lari Seadgines, rac saprognozo moculobis _ 156,3 %-ia. aqedan,
salicenzio da sanebarTvo mosakreblebi miRebulia 215,1 aT. lari, rac gegmis (126,2
aT. lari) 170,5 %-ia saxelmwifo saxeliT fasiani momsaxureobis gawevidan igegmeboda 666,7 aT. lari, faqtiurad miRebulia 628,2 aT. lari, rac savaraudo moculobis
94,2 %-ia. jarimebiTa da sanqciebiT Semosulobebma Seadgina _ 779,6 aT. lari. sxva
arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi (sasoflo daniSnulebis miwis resursebis arasasoflo
75
mizniT gamoyofisas sanacvlo miwis aTvisebis Rirebulebis anazRaurebidan Semosavali) miRebulia 37,8 aT. lari da sxva araklasificirebuli Semosavlebi 8,2 aT.lari.
saministros 2004 wlis saxelmwifo biujetiT ganesazRvra 6 saxelmwifomiznobrivi programa (kodi 35 07), saerTo TanxiT 200,0 aT. lari, biujetis
dazustebis Semdeg saerTo xarjebi gaxda 137,0 aT. lari.
1. “saqarTvelos wiaRis obieqtebis momzadeba licenzirebisa da .kanonqvemdebare
normatiuli bazis Seqmna wiaRiT racionaluri sargeblobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT”
_ biujetSi damtkicda TanxiT 69,0 aT. lari, kodi 36 07 01; saministros axali debulebis damtkicebis Semdeg programis Sesruleba gadaeca geologiis departaments
da ivlisis kanoniT kodSi 35-07-01 programis biujeti dafiqsirda TanxiT 23,8
aT.lari, dazustebuli biujeti gaxda 29,3 aT.lari. saxazino samsaxuris mier
aRebul iqna valdebulebaSi 29,3 aT.lari, sakaso xarji gaweulia 27,2 aT.laris,
faqtiuri 21,6 aT.laris.
2. “klimatis cvlileba” _ biujetSi damtkicda TanxiT 11,0 aT. lari, biujetis dazustebis Semdeg gaxda 11,7 aT. lari. kodi 35 07 02; saxazino samsaxuris
mier aRebul iqna valdebulebaSi 11,8 aT. lari, sakaso xarji gaweulia 11,7 aT.
laris, faqtiuri 11,0 aT. laris.
3. “saqarTvelos mosaxleobis radiaciuli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa” _
biujetis kanoniT damtkicda 50,0 aT. lari, dazustebis Sedegad gaxda 41,9 aT.lari
(saministros aparatSi gadatanil iqna 8,0 aT. lari, yofili samxedro daniSnulebis
qarxana `mioni”-is teritoriaze darCenili qimiuri momwamvleli gazebis (arsini da
fosfini) gauvneblobisaTvis gasatarebeli gadaudebeli RonisZiebebis dafinansebisaTvis). saxazino samsaxuris mier aRebul iqna valdebulebaSi 41,9 aT. lari, sakaso
xarji gaweulia 41,7 aT. laris, faqtiuri xarji Seadgens 39,8 aT. lars. kodi 35
07 03;
4. ,,Savi zRvis saqarTvelos sanapiro zolSi gavrcelebul zuTxisebrTa
xelovnuri aRwarmoebis gziT restokingis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcieleba da bunebrivi
tofobis mdgomareobis Seswavla” _ TanxiT 15,0 lari, dazustebis Semdeg gaxda 6,2
aT.lari, programa SeCerebul iqna wlis bolomde da darCenili Tanxa gadatanil iqna
saministros aparatSi `mioni”-is teritoriaze darCenili qimiuri momwamvleli
gazebis (arsini da fosfini) gauvneblobisaTvis gasatarebeli gadaudebeli RonisZiebebis dafinansebisaTvis). saxazino samsaxuris mier aRebul iqna valdebulebaSi 6,2
aT.lari, sakaso xarji gaweulia 5,2 aT.laris, faqtiuri xarji Seadgens 3,9 aT.
lars. kodi 36 07 04;
5.“katastrofuli wyaldidobebi” TanxiT 10,0 aT. lari, dazustebuli biujeti
2,3 aT. lari. es programac SeCerebul iqna da darCenili Tanxa aseve gadatanil iqna
saministros aparatis kodSi mioni”-is teritoriaze darCenili qimiuri momwamvleli
gazebis (arsini da fosfini) gauvneblobisaTvis gasatarebeli gadaudebeli RonisZiebebis dafinansebisaTvis). saxazino samsaxuris mier aRebul iqna valdebulebaSi 2,9
aT. lari, sakaso xarji gaweulia 2,8 aT. laris, faqtiuri xarji Seadgens 2,2 aT.
lars. kodi 35 07 05;
6. ,,baqo-Tbilisi jeihanis navTobsadenis da samxreT kavkasiis milsadenis
bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba da monitoringi” damtkicda
TanxiT 45,0 aT.lari, cvlileba ar ganucdia. saxazino samsaxuris mier aRebul iqna
valdebulebaSi 45,0 aT.lari, sakaso xarji gaweulia 45,0 aT. laris, faqtiuri
xarji Seadgens 45,0 aT.lars. kodi 35 07 06;
garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saministros erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
prioritetia bunebrivi resursebis marTva, Seswavla da Sefaseba, geologiis dargSi.
2004 wlis biujetiT geologiis departamentisaTvis daigegma 630,9 aT. lari,
saerTo ricxovnoba 235 erTeuli. dazustebulma biujetma Seadgina 894,6 aT.lari,
76
finansTa saministros 2004 wlis 20 seqtembris brZanebiT biujeti gaezardaT 200,0
aT. lariT geologiuri stiqiiT dazianebuli teritoriebis Sefasebis, prognozisa da
RonisZiebebis dasaxvisaTvis da gaxda 894,6 aT. lari. saxazino valdebulebam Seadgina 894,0 aT. lari. sakaso xarji Seadgens 886,1 aT. lars. faqtiuri xarji gaweulia
845,6 aT. lari, sxvaoba sakasosa da faqtiur xarjebs Soris Seadgens 40,6 aT. lariT naklebs. arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi miRebulia 4,5 aT. lari, gegma iTvaliswinebda 61,8 aT.lars (7,3%).
2004 wels geologiis departamenti asrulebda 4 saxelmwifo miznobriv
programas:
programa #1 - ,,saqarTvelos teritoriis regionalur-geologiuri Seswavla,
geologiis profilis saxelmwifo rukebis kompleqtebis Sedgena-gamocema, mineraluri resursuli fondis saxelmwifo kadastris formireba da misi monitoringi”.
programa #2 ,,saqarTvelos miwisqveSa wylebis resursebis ganviTareba da
marTva, miwisqveSa wylis resursebis gamovlena-Seswavla da qveynis teritoriis
geoekologiuri monitoringi”.
programa #3 ,,saqarTvelos teritoriis seismuri samuSaoebis Sefaseba
hidrogeodeformaciuli velis monitoringi”.
2004 wels biujetis kanoniT #1 programaze ganisazRvra 160,0 aT.lari, #2
programaze 112,1 aT.lari, #3 programaze 8,5 aT.lari, mTlianad samive programaze
280,6 aT.lari.
biujetis koreqtirebis Semdeg dazustda #1 programa da gaxda 133,4 aT.lari,
programa #2 – 312,0 aT.lari, Sesabamisad saerTo moculobam Seadgina 445,5
aT.lari. garda amisa, 2004 wlis meore naxevarSi geologiis departaments gadaeca
Sesasruleblad ,,saqarTvelos wiaRis obieqtebis momzadeba licenzirebisaTvis da
kanonqvemdebare normatiuli bazis Seqmna wiaRiT racionaluri sargeblobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT”, wliuri finansirebiT 11,8 aT.lari. programa #4.
garemos dacvis erT-erTi uniSvnelovanesi mimarTulebaa daculi teritoriebis,
nakrZalebisa da samonadireo meurneobebis ganviTareba:
saStato erTeulebi biujetis kanoniT ganisazRvra 389, aqedan centralur
aparatSi 18 erTeuli; biujetis kanoniT saerTo xarjebi damtkicda 557,5 aT. lari,
aqedan Sromis anazRaurebisaTvis 289,9 aT. lari, damqiraveblidan anaricxebi 120,3
aT.lari, mivlinebebi 16,7 aT.lari, sxva saqoneli da momsaxureba 130,6 aT.lari,
saxazino valdebuleba aRebulia 504,8 aT.laris, sakaso Sesruleba Seadgens 502,7
aT.lars, faqtiuri xarjebia 454,0 aT.lari. sxvaoba faqtiursa da sakaso xarjs
Soris Seadgens 48,8 aTlars, gaTvaliswinebuli ori programidan dafinansda mxolod
erTi, programa ,,daculi teritoriebis tyeTmowyoba”. dafinansebis simwiris gamo
(34,0 aT,lari) samuSaoTa Sesruleba arc dawyebula. arasagadasaxado Semosavlebis
saxiT miRebulia 25,1 aT.lari, nacvlad savaraudo gegmisa 69,8 aT.lari (36 %).
garemos dacvis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi prioritetia tyis resursebis dacva:
satyeo meurneobis departaments 2004 wlis biujetiT saStato ricxovnoba
gansazRvruli hqonda 2142 erTeuli, aqedan centralur aparatSi 57 erTeuli,
biujetidan dazustebuli gegmiT unda mieRo 2344633 laris dafinanseba, faqtiurma
(sakaso) xarjma ki aWaris CaTvliT 2272545 lari Seadgina, saidanac 56.4% muSakTa
Sromis anazRaurebaze modis.
miRebuli 2272545 laris sakaso xarjidan programebze mimarTuli iqna 477957
laris asigneba: maT Soris tyeTmowyobaze 40000 lari, ris Sedegadac gamoyofili
iqna mTavari sargeblobis tyekafebi 14815 kbm-ze.,3 %-ia. 437957 lari daxarjuli
iqna tyis dacvis, tyis aRdgenis da tyiTsargeblobis RonisZiebebze. arasagadasaxado
Semosavlebis saxiT daigegma 460,0 aT.lari da faqtiurad miiRes 1059,3 aT.lari.
77
garemos dacvaSi erT-erTi prioritetuli mimarTulebaa hidrometeorologiuri
dargis ganviTareba:
departaments saqarTvelos 2004 wlis biujetis kanoniT saStato erTeulTa
odenoba damtkicebuli hqonda 776 erTeuli, aqedan aparatSi 37 erTeuli, xarjebisaTvis gansazRvruli hqonda 859100 lari, aqedan aparatisaTvis 96100 lari, xolo
saqveuwyebo dawesebulebebisa da teritoriuli organoebisaTvis 763000 lari. garda
amisa damatebiT gamoeyo 50885 lari, 2003 wlis Sromis anazRaurebis davalianebis
dasafaravad. sul 2004 wlis dazustebuli gegmiT ganisazRvra 909985 lari. faqtiurma dafinansebam Seadgina 909044 lari, anu gegmiurze 941 lariT naklebi, rac
gamowveulia imiT, rom hidrometobservatoriam da sameurneo da sazom saSualebaTa
samsaxurma srulad ver uzrunvelyves soc. dazRvevis fondSi Tanxebis Caricxva.
ucxoeTidan miRebuli dafinansebis wyaroebiT da grantebiT gansaxorcielebel
investiciur proeqtebSi Tanamonawileoba.
,,saqarTvelos 2004 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis
Tanaxmad, garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros organizaciul kodSi
aisaxa ucxoeTidan miRebuli dafinansebis wyaroebiT da grantebiT gansaxorcielebeli investiciuri proeqtebis, rogorc Tanamonawileobisa da Tanadafinansebis Tanxebi (kodi 35 15), aseve sakredito da sagranto nawilic (kodi 35 16). damtkicebuli biujetis kanonis Tanaxmad, TanadafinansebisaTvis sabiujeto saxsrebis odenoba
damtkicda 6 360,3 aT. laris odenobiT, xolo sagranto da sakedito resursebiT
dasafinansebeli proeqtebis saerTo biujetma 30 717,5 aT. lari Seadgina.
„saqarTvelos 2004 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonSi
cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze“ Tanaxmad, 2004 wlis ivlisis kanonis
Sesabamisad, valutis kursis da sxva cvlilebis gaTvaliswinebiT dazustda zemoT
aRniSnuli maCveneblebi da TanadafinansebisaTvis sabiujeto saxsrebis odenoba ganisazRvra 5 491,1 aT. laris odenobiT, xolo sagranto da sakredito resursebiT
dasafinansebeli proeqtebis saerTo biujeti 22 937,7 aT. lariT.
saqarTvelos finansTa saministros mier mosalodneli Sesrulebis gaTvaliswinebiT 2004 wlis bolos kvlav dazustda sainvesticio proeqtebis dafinanseba, kerZod TanadafinansebisaTvis sabiujeto saxsrebi Semcirda 2 667,0 aT. lariT, xolo
sakredito da sagranto resursebis nawili _ 10 587,7 aT. lariT. aRniSnulidan
gamomdinare, ucxoeTidan miRebuli dafinansebis wyaroebiT da grantebiT gansaxorcielebeli investiciuri proeqtebis saboloo dazustebulma maCveneblebma Seadgina sul
15 174,2 aT. lari. aqedan, saqarTvelos Tanadafinansebis wilma _ 2824,2 aT. lari,
sakredito da sagranto resursebma _ 12 350,0 aT. l. saangariSo wels sakredito
da sagranto resursebi aTvisebul iqna 14 240,2 aT. lari, m.S. grantebi 8443,6 aT.
lari. sakredito da sagranto resursebis aTvisebam, ivlisis kanonis mimarT Seadgina
62,1 %, xolo wlis bolos dazustebuli biujetis mimarT 115,3%.
78
Tavi 23
garemos monitoringis sistema
2004 wels garemos sxvadasxva komponentebis monitorings awarmoebdnen Semdegi
saxelmwifo organizaciebi:
_ atmosferuli haeris mavne qimiuri da radioaqtiuri dabinZurebis monitoringis sferoSi – garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro (hidrometeorologiis saqveuwyebo departamenti);
_ zedapiruli wylebis mavne qimiuri dabinZurebis monitoringis sferoSi –
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro;
_ nidagebis mavne qimiuri da radioaqtiuri dabinZurebis monitoringis sferoSi
– garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro (hidrometeorologiis
saqveuwyebo departamenti), soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis saministro;
_ Savi zRvis mavne qimiuri da hidrobiologiuri dabinZurebis monitoringis
sferoSi – garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro (hidrometeorologiis saqveuwyebo departamenti;
_ Savi zRvis mikrobiologiuri dabinZurebis monitoringis sferoSi – Sromis,
janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro;
_ miwisqveSa wylebis qimiuri dabinZurebis monitoringis sferoSi – garemos
dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro (geologiis saqveuwyebo departamenti);
_ garemoze mavne fizikuri faqtorebis zemoqmedebis monitoringis sferoSi –
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro;
_ ozonis Sris monitoringis sferoSi – garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi
resursebis saministro (hidrometeorologiis saqveuwyebo departamenti), saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia;
_ sagangebo ekologiuri situaciebis monitoringis sferoSi – garemos dacvisa
da bunebrivi resursebis saministro, Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;
aRniSnuli saministroebisa da uwyebebis mier, garemos monitoringis programiT
gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaoebi mniSvnelovani xarvezebiT mimdinareobda.
problemas warmoadgenda agreTve garemos dabinZurebaze dakvirvebebis mwarmoebeli analitikuri laboratoriebis teqnikuri gadaiaraReba, am laboratoriebSi
arsebuli fizikurad da moralurad moZvelebuli da mwyobridan gamosuli xelsawyodanadgarebis SekeTeba, maTi metrologiuri uzrunvelyofa, laboratoriebis specifikuri masalebiT (qimiuri reaqtivebi, filtrebi da sxva) momarageba da sxva.
aRniSnulis gamo, mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, rogorc garemos dabinZurebaze dakvirvebis stacionaruli punqtebis, aseve garemos sinjebSi gansasazRvravi ingredientebis raodenoba. amasTan erTad, metrologiurad daumowmebeli analitikuri xelsawyoebis da calkeul SemTxvevebSi vadagasuli qimiuri reaqtivebis iZulebiT gamoyenebis,
agreTve, Sida da gare laboratoriuli kontrolis sistemebis moSlis gamo, garemos
dabinZurebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb 2004 wels mopovebuli isedac mwiri monacemebi,
sizustis TvalsazrisiTac nakleb saimedoa.
2004 wels SenarCunebuli iyo atmosferuli haeris qimiuri nivTierebebiT
dabinZurebaze dakvirvebis samuSaoebi saqarTvelos 6 qalaqSi (Tbilisi, baTumi,
quTaisi, rusTavi, zestafoni, axalcixe) isazRvreboda Semdegi parametrebi: mtveri,
gogirdis da azotis dioqsidebi, xsnadi sulfatebi, azotis da naxSirbadis oqsidebi
da sxva. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom calkeul qalaqebSi (q.Tbilisi) mxolod mtveri
da naxSirbadis oqsidi isazRvreboda. dakvirvebebi warmoebda agreTve atmosferul
haerSi γ gamosxivebis intensivobaze 14 qalaqSi (Tbilisi, baTumi, quTaisi, Telavi,
axalcixe, gurjaani, dedofliswyaro, walka, faravani, gori, duSeTi, axalqalaqi,
79
borjomi, lagodexi), atmosferuli haeridan daleqil mtverSi arsebuli radionuklidebis jamur β aqtivobaze q. TbilisSi.
2004 wels zedapiruli wylebis qimiur dabinZurebaze dakvirvebis punqtebis
raodenoba USAID-is, NATO-s da Tacis-is mier ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis
meSveobiT mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. aRdga dakvirvebebi md. mtkvris auzis ramdenime
punqtze. SenarCunebuli iyo dakvirvebebi dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva mdinareebzec
(rioni da misi Senakadebi, Woroxi, sufsa, natanebi, farcxana, kubiswyali, xobi).
isazRvreboda iseTi parametrebi, rogoricaa: suni, gamWvirvaloba, Sewonili
nawilakebi, mJavianoba, gaxsnili Jangbadi, naxSirJangi, magniumi, qloridebi, sulfatebi, mineralizacia, saerTo sixiste, hidrokarbonatebi, Jangbadis qimiuri moTxovnileba, navTobproduqtebi, aqroladi fenoli, sinTetikuri zedapirulad aqtiuri
nivTierebebi, mZime liTonebi. mniSvnelovnad gaizarda, rogorc gansazRvruli
parametrebis raodenoba, aseve monacemTa xarisxi. Seiqmna pirobebi mtkvris auzSi
mopovebul monacemTa bazebis formirebisa da kavkasiis qveynebs Soris informaciis
operatiulad gacvlis uzrunvelsayofad.
sxva saerTaSoriso proeqtebis safuZvelze garkveulwilad aRdga agreTve Savi
zRvis dabinZurebis monitoringis samuSaoebi, gansakuTrebiT biogenuri nivTierebebiT
dabinZurebaze dakvirvebis sferoSi.
saqarTveloSi garemos monitoringis erTiani saxelmwifo sistemis Seqmnis
erovnuli programis SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba, agreTve saministros daqvemdebarebaSi sxvadasxva monitoringuli samsaxurebis gadmoyvana mniSvnelovnad gaamartivebs
saqmianobis koordinacias da xels Seuwyobs sistemis saerTaSoriso standartebTan
harmonizaciis process.
Tavi 24
garemosdacviTi nebarTva
2004 wlis saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis dadebiTi daskvna gacemul
iqna 285 saqmianobaze, saqarTvelos kanoniT „garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis Sesaxeb“
gansazRvrul saqmianobaTa CamonaTvalis Sesabamisad 17 miekuTvneba I kategorias, 40
– meores, 98 _ mesames da 130 _ meoTxes (ix. nax. 24.1).
2004 wels gacemuli dadebiTi saeqsperto
daskvnebis procentuli raodenoba kategoriaTa
mixedviT
6%
14%
45,6%
34,4%
I kategoria
II kategoria
III kategoria
nax. 24.1
80
IV kategoria
garda amisa, ganxilvis Semdeg, xuT proeqtze
ekologiuri eqspertizis uaryofiTi daskvna.
gacemuli garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis raodenoba
warmodgenilia cxrilSi #24.1.
gacemulia
saxelmwifo
kategoriebis
mixedviT
cxrili #24.1
2004 wels gacemuli garemosdacviTi
nebarTvis raodenoba
#
samsaxuri, regioni
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
licenzirebisa da nebarTvebis departamenti
aWaris a/r
imereTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
xaSuris saq. zona
Sida qarTli
kaxeTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
qvemo svaneTi-leCxumi
foTis saq. zona
raWa
guria
Tbilisis saq. zona
• Seswavlisa da damatebiTi SeniSvnebis micemis
garemosdacviTi nebarTvis vada.
saqmianobis kategoria
sul
I
II
III
IV
6
7
13
12
12
26
14
40
1
4
5
5
15
20
2
1
3*
6
32
38
10
8
18
14
19
33
7
1
8
4
4
4
2
6
1
1
3
10
13
12
16
28
Semdeg erT saqmianobaze gagrZelebulia
Tavi 25
saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba da
saxelmwifoTaSoriso ekologiuri problemebi
saerTaSoriso mravalmxrivi garemosdacviTi xelSekrulebebisa da konvenciebis
wevroba saqarTvelos, erTis mxriv, aZlevs sakanonmdeblo bazisa da saeqsporto
potencialis srulyofis saSualebas da, meores mxriv, es aris sarbieli globaluri
garemosdacviTi problemebis gadasaWrelad optimaluri gzebis Ziebis procesSi
saqarTvelos interesebis asaxvisaTvis. am urTierTobebis bazaze donorebis daxmarebiT mimdinare programebi aumjobesebs qveynis unars, Seasrulos Tavisi saerTaSoriso
valdebulebebi, daicvas sakuTari garemo da uzrunvelyos bunebrivi resursebis
mdgradi gamoyeneba.
saqarTvelo aqtiurad TanamSromlobs mraval saerTaSoriso organizaciasTan,
romelTagan aRsaniSnavia:
− globaluri garemosdacviTi fondi (GEF);
− gaeros garemosdacviTi programa (UNEP);
− msoflio banki (WB);
− gaeros ganviTarebis programa (UNDP);
− evropis garemosdacviTi saagento (EEA);
− atomuri energiis saerTaSoriso saagento (IAEA);
81
− msoflio meteorologiuri organizacia (WMO);
− Savi zRvis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis organizacia (BSEC);
− bunebis dacvis msoflio fondi (WWF);
− evrokavSiris teqnikuri daxmarebis programa (TACIS);
_ rekonstruqciis sakredito banki (KfW);
_ ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizacia (OECD).
2004 wlis mdgomareobiT, saqarTvelo garemos dacvis sferoSi 13 saerTaSoriso konvenciasTanaa mierTebuli. am konvenciebis egidiT saqarTvelos samTavrobo da
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier ganxorcielebulia mTeli rigi RonisZiebebi, konvenciebis aRmasrulebeli organoebis sesiebis muSaobaSi monawileobis miRebis, qveynis
SigniT samuSaoTa organizebis, Sesabamisi proeqtebis Sesrulebis da sxva saxiT.
2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi mimdinareobda mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi
kidev 9 saerTaSoriso konvenciasTan misaerTeblad.
saxelmwifoTaSorisi TanamSromlobis ganxorcielebis mizniT, garemos dacvis
sferoSi 2004 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos dadebuli aqvs 11 xelSekruleba, romelTaganac 7 ZalaSia Sesuli:
1) memorandumi saqarTvelos respublikisa da uzbekeTis respublikis mTavrobebs
Soris garemos dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. 04.09.95 ZalaSia xelmoweris dRidan.
2) memorandumi saqarTvelos respublikisa da ukrainis respublikis mTavrobebs
Soris garemos dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. kievi, 13.04.93 ZalaSia
xelmoweris dRidan.
3) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikis da yazaxeTis respublikis mTavrobebs
Soris bunebis dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. 17.09.96 ZalaSia xelmoweris
dRidan.
4) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikisa da azerbaijanis respublikis mTavrobebs Soris garemos dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. 18.02.97 ZalaSia
08.05.97 wlidan.
5) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikisa da TurqeTis respublikis mTavrobebs
Soris garemos dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. 14.07.97 ZalaSia 28.03.98
wlidan.
6) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikisa da somxeTis respublikis mTavrobebs
Soris garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb.
03.06.97. ZalaSi Sevida 1997 wlis 9 seqtembers.
7) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrosa da TurqmeneTis garemoTi sargeblobisa da dacvis saministros Soris garemosa
da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. 05.12.97. ar aris
ZalaSi.
8) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikisa da saberZneTis respublikis mTavrobebs
Soris ganviTarebisa da garemos dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. 16.09.97.
daamtkica saqarTvelos prezidentma 08.11.97. ar aris ZalaSi.
9) 2004 wlis 12 noembers xeli moewera „saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da daniis
samefos mTavrobas Soris kioto-s oqmis ganxorcielebis mizniT TanamSromlobis
Sesaxeb urTierTgagebis memorandums“.
10) urTierTTanamSromlobis memorandumi saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da
bunebrivi resursebis saministrosa da niderlandebis garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis komisias Soris 2005 wlis 23 agvisto.
11) urTierTTanamSromlobis memorandumi saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da
bunebrivi resursebis saministrosa da avstriis respublikis soflis meurneobis,
82
satyeo seqtoris, garemos dacvisa da wylis resursebis martvis federalur saministros Soris. 2004 wlis 22 seqtemberi.
saqarTvelo aqtiurad monawileobs „garemo evropisaTvis“ procesSi. am procesis farglebSi 2003 wlis maisSi q. kievSi Catarda garemos dacvis ministrTa mexuTe
konferencia, romelzec miiRes aRmosavleT evropis, kavkasiis da centraluri aziis
qveynebis garemos dacvis strategia. aRsaniSnavia, rom 2001 wels aRniSnuli strategiis SemuSavebis iniciativiT gamovida saqarTvelo. strategiis saboloo mizania
garemos mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba da iohanesburgis msoflio samitis (rio+10)
gadawyvetilebaTa xorcSesxma gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis regionSi. strategiam aRmosavleT evropaSi, kavkasiaSi da centraluri aziis qveynebSi safuZveli
unda daudos erovnuli garemosdacviTi politikis Semdgomi ganviTarebis mimarTulebebs. aRniSnuli strategia qveynebis mier aRiarebul iqna, rogorc gaeros evropis
ekonomikuri komisiis regionSi mravalmxrivi TanamSromlobis gaZlierebis, garemos
dacvis marTvis sistemis gaumjobesebisa da bunebrivi resursebis mdgradi gamoyenebis
efeqturi instrumenti.
2004 wlis oqtomberSi, saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministros iniciativiT, TbilisSi gaimarTa aRmosavleT evropis, kavkasiis da centraluri aziis qveynebis garemos dacvis ministrTa konferencia. konferenciis mizani
iyo aRmosavleT evropis, kavkasiis da centraluri aziis qveynebis garemos dacvis
strategiis ganxorcielebis mimdinareobis Sefaseba, arsebuli problemebis gamovlena
da strategiis ganxorcielebisTvis axali impulsis micema.
saqarTvelo CarTulia “garemo da usafrTxoeba: aRmosavleT evropa, centraluri azia da kavkasia” procesSi, romlis iniciatorebi arian UNDP/UNEP/OSCE. iniciativis mizania, iseTi ”cxeli wertilebis” gansazRvra, romlebsac SeiZleba negatiuri gavlena hqondes saxelmwifoTaSoriso urTierTobebze. iniciativis farglebSi
SemuSavdeba konkretuli proeqtebi Semdegi sami mimarTulebiT: 1) garemos mdgomareoba e.w. arakontrolirebad teritoriebze (afxazeTi, samxreT oseTi); 2) garemosdacviTi sakiTxebi transsasazRvro raionebSi; 3) garemos mdgomareoba did qalaqebSi.
iniciativis farglebSi Seiqmna specialuri samuSao jgufi, romelSic Sevida
TiTo TanamSromeli garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebisa da sagareo saqmeTa
saministroebidan, UNDP-s da euTo-s Tbilisis ofisebidan. aRniSnuli jgufi sxvadasxva dainteresebul uwyebebTan konsultaciebis safuZvelze Seqmnis “sakonsultacio
sabWos”, sadac Sevlen rogorc samTavrobo, iseve arasamTavrobo seqtorisa da mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi. iniciativis ganmaxorcieleblebi iqnebian euTo-sa da UNDPis Tbilisis ofisebi.
Tavi 26
samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebi garemosdacviTi
problemebis gadaWrisa da ekologiuri usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis institutebis mier Seswavlil iqna miwis,
wylisa da tyis, agreTve bunebriv-rekreaciuli resursebi maTi Semdgomi gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobebis dasadgenad. Catarda mdinareuli Camonadenis genezisisa da misi Sida
wliuri ganawilebis analizi, amasTanave gamokvleulia sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis teritoriis wylis balansi da gansazRvrulia wylis resursebi. ganxilulia
maTi dargobrivi gamoyenebis aucilebloba da ekologiuri problemebi. garda
aRniSnulisa, 2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi Seswavlil iqna saxelmwifos tyis fondis
83
maCveneblebi, maT Soris tyiT dafaruli farTobebisa da tyeebis dacvis mdgomareoba,
dasaxulia dargSi arsebuli problemebis gadaWris gzebi.
garda zemoT aRniSnulisa, 2004 wels mecnierebaTa akademiis sxva institutebis
mier Seswavlili da gaanalizebuli iqna qveynis ZiriTadi mineraluri resursebis
sanedleulo baza, kerZod _ navTobis, polimetaluri, samTo-qimiuri nedleulis,
agreTve samSeneblo masalebis, mineraluri wylebis sabadoebis arsebuli mdgomareoba,
maTi xarisxobrivi da raodenobrivi maCveneblebi, dadgenil iqna gamoyenebuli
potenciali.
2004 wels, garemos dacvis sferoSi, q. Tbilisis garemos dacvis komitetSi
SemuSavda xuTwliani (2004-2009 w.w.) programa, romlis ZiriTad mizans
warmoadgenda dedaqalaqis mravalTematuri geoinformaciuli sistemis Seqmna, ris
Sedegadac SesaZlebeli gaxdeba arsebul monacemTa sistematizacia, identificireba,
kodireba da monacemTa bankSi maTi Setana. amas garda, mniSvnelovan momentad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos cifruli safuZvlebis momzadeba da monacemTa bazebis ganaxleba.
aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis gansazRvra, Tematuri da kompleqsuri, agreTve ekologiuri
xasiaTis digitaluri rukebis Seqmna da qalaqis bunebrivi da socialuri garemos
racionaluri marTvis rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba.
Tbilisis garemos dacvis komitetis saintereso da aqtualur saproeqto winadadebas warmoadgenda avtomanqanebidan gamonabolqvi airebis gasawmendad specialuri
filtrebis (bunebrivi ceolitis) warmoeba. winaswari gaTvlebiT, aRniSnuli RonisZiebis ganxorcielebiT miRweul iqneba TvalsaCino efeqti, dedaqalaqis mavne toqsikuri airebisagan gawmendis TvalsazrisiT. bunebrivi ceoliTis gamoyeneba metad
efeqturia, agreTve, sasmeli da teqnikuri wylebis gasawmendad.
didi mniSvneloba aqvs q. Tbilisis atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis donis
kontrolsa da Sefasebas, risTvisac saWiroa damabinZurebel obieqtTa inventarizacia, sadamkvirveblo jixurebis aRdgena-damontaJeba, atmosferuli haeris sinjebis
aReba da analizebis Catareba specifikuri damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis parametrebis gansazRvrisaTvis (mtveri, naxSirJangi, azotis oqsidebi, gogirdis dioqsidi,
fenoli, mZime metalebi da sxva).
2004 wlis bolos SemuSavda q. Tbilisis teritoriaze saSiSi geologiuri
procesebis mdgomareobis Sefasebis, geoekologiuri garTulebebis Serbilebisa da
garemos gaumjobesebis aspeqtebis samuSao proeqti, romlis mizania dedaqalaqis
mosaxleobisa da qalaqis sameurneo obieqtebis dacva geologiuri procesebisa da
geoekologiuri kataklizmebisagan.
saqarTvelos regionebSi 2004 wels garemosdacviTi problemebis gadaWrisa da
ekologiuri usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mimarTulebiT ganxorcielebul samecniero-kvleviTi RonisZiebebidan, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs q. foTis
garemos dacvis samsaxurebis mier Catarebuli Semdegi samuSaoebi: q. quTaisis teqnikuri universitetis foTis filialis mier ganxorcielebuli samecniero-kvleviTi
Temebi _ q. foTis Savi zRvis sanapiro zolis maTematikuri modelireba, qalaqis
sanapiro zolis dacva mdinare rionis dinebis energiisa hidroenergetikuli danadgarebis gamoyenebiT da md. rionis hidrokvanZis muSaobis ekologiuri mniSvneloba.
aRniSnuli Temebi 2004 wlisaTvis damTavrebuli ar iyo. misi dasruleba navaraudevia 2005 wlis bolosaTvis. miRebuli Sedegebi gamoyenebuli iqneba md. rionis hidroenergetikuli potencialis gamosavlenad da sanapiro zolis eroziisagan dacvis
efeqturi RonisZiebebis dasadgenad.
kolxeTis erovnul parkSi menejmentis gegmis Sesabamisad 2004 wlidan
gaTvaliswinebul samecniero-teqnikuri programebidan aRsaniSnavia Semdegi samuSaoebi:
tyis inventarizacia landSaftur-ekologiur safuZvelze, Waobis landSaftur-ekologiuri inventarizacia, safrTxis winaSe myofi Tevzis saxeobaTa qviriTebis adgi84
lebis dadgena, ZuZumwovarTa populaciebis statusis Sefaseba, ekosistemis aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT samecniero kvlevebis ganxorcieleba, anTropogenuri datvirTvis
(safrTxis) inventarizacia da a.S.
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba kolxeTis erovnuli parkis movla-patronobis
saqmes. sul samiode wlis winaT aRniSnul parkisadmi miniWebuli statusis Sedegad
gaweulia mniSvnelovani Sromatevadi samuSaoebi, misi ekosistemis dacvisa da kvlevaZiebis mimarTulebiT. am mizniT momzadda satelevizio filmi, romelSic gamaxvilebulia yuradReba parkis daniSnulebasa da mis mdidar biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebis
aucileblobaze.
saqarTvelos sxva regionebidan garemos dacvis sferoSi 2004 wels ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebidan SeiZleba aRiniSnos kaxeTis regionaluri sammarTvelos mier
saangariSo periodSi dawyebuli samuSaoebi. kerZod, vaSlovanis saxelmwifo nakrZalSi da kaxeTis erovnuli parkis teritoriaze asociacia _ `saxeobaTa konservaciis
centris~ mier ganxorcielebuli programis `biomravalferovnebis kvlevisa da monitoringis gegmis~ SemuSaveba. agreTve, dedofliswyaros raionSi asociacia _ `saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis programis~ Sesabamisad alaznis Walebis konservaciis
menejmentis gegmis Sedgenaze samuSaoebis ganxorcieleba.
qveynis sxva regionebSi garemos dacvis sferoSi samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebis raodenoba da mniSvneloba Zalze mwiri xasiaTisaa.
samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebi xorcieldeboda garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi
resursebis saministros garemos dacvisa da baTumis Savi zRvis ekologiisa da
Tevzis meurneobis samecniero-kvleviT institutebSi.
Tavi 27
garemosdacviTi ganaTleba da
informaciul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba
qveynis masStabiT garemosdacviTi ganaTlebisa da informaciul-saganmanaTleblo
mimarTulebiT ganxorcielebuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb arsebuli arasruli informaciiT
qveynis sxvadasxva regionis mixedviT Semdegi suraTia:
guriis
regionSi
anaseulis
bunebaTsargeblobis
institutSi
arsebobs
ekologiis fakulteti, sadac iswavleba Semdegi specialobebi: ekologia da
bunebaTsargebloba, biosamedicino ekologia, garemos dacvis samarTali; ozurgeTis
agrobiznesis institutis iuridiul fakultetze iswavleba garemos dacvis
samarTali. regionis saSualo skolebSi tardeba fakulteturi swavleba ekologiaSi.
raWis regionSi garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis sferoSi erovnuli da saerTaSoriso
programebi ar ganxorcielebula. regionis skolebSi tardeboda moswavleebTan
leqcia-seminarebi sxvadasxva Temebze.
samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionis zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi sagani
èkologia~ ar iswavleba, Tumca I-XI klasebSi sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis
programebSi yuradReba eqceva garemos dacvis problemebs. tardeba klasgareSe da
skolisgareSe RonisZiebebi florisa da faunis Sesaswavlad.
Sida qarTlis regionSi arsebul umaRles saswavleblebSi iswavleba
ekologiuri samarTali (Sida qarTlis saero universiteti, saqarTvelos agrarul
mecnierebaTa akademiis goris instituti); ekologiuri safuZvlebi (goris ekonomikur-humanitaruli universitetis qimia-biologiis kaTedra); bunebaTsargebloba
(goris ekonomikur-humanitaruli universitetis bunebaTsargeblobis kaTedra).
85
qvemo qarTlis regionSi garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis sferoSi ZiriTadi
mimarTulebebi ganisazRvreba bunebis dacvis ZiriTadi aspeqtebidan _ biologiuri,
ekonomikuri da esTetikuri _ gamomdinare.
2004 wlis 5 ivniss moewyo garemos dacvis msoflio dRisadmi miZRvnili
RonisZiebebis gaxsna da bunebis qomagTa Sekreba, romelsac eswrebodnen bunebis
qomagebi, sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi, ekopoliciis, sanitaruli inspeqciis da
vetsamsaxuris
warmomadgenlebi.
adgilobrivi
televiziiT
gakeTda
mimarTva
mosaxleobisadmi.
moewyo daTvaliereba mdinareebis: mtkvris, xramis, loWinis, maSaveras, qcias
kalapotebSi inertuli masalebis da Tevzis ukanono mompoveblebis gamosavlenad.
Catarda daTvalierebebi warmoeba-dawesebulebebidan Camdinare wylebis gamwmendi
nagebobebis sanitarul-teqnikuri mdgomareobis dasadgenad.
moewyo mxareSi saukeTeso gamwvanebuli da gasufTavebuli baRebis, skverebis,
ezoebis daTvaliereba-konkursi.
garemos dacvis sferoSi informaciul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba da am
mimarTulebiT Catarebuli RonisZiebebi ZiriTadad ukavSirdeba dedamiwis msoflio
dRes da garemos dacvis msoflio dRes. gazafxulis dResaswaulebis periodSi xdeba
parkebisa da skverebis dasufTaveba, axali nargavebis dargva.
foTis saqalaqo sammarTvelos garemos dacvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT mWidro
kontaqtebi aqvs rogorc samTavrobo, aseve ekologiuri profilis arasamTavrobo
organizaciebTan, aseve presasTan da televiziasTan. sistematiurad gadaicema
televiziiT informacia garemos dacvis sferoSi problemur sakiTxebze, rogoricaa:
1. Camdinare dabinZurebuli wylebis gamwmendi nagebobebis Sesaxeb;
2. qalaqis narCenebis ganTavsebis da nagavsayrelis garSemo;
3. kolxeTis erovnuli parkis Seqmnis da daniSnulebis Sesaxeb;
4. nadirobis sezonis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebiT gakeTda informacia cxovelTa
samyaros obieqtebis, maTi saxeobebis mixedviT mopovebis wesebis, vadebisa da
mopovebisaTvis daSvebuli iaraRisa da mowyobilobebis CamonaTvalis Sesaxeb.
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis foTis saqalaqo sammarTvelos mier
ekologiuri ganaTlebis TvalsazrisiT Catarda saintereso RonisZiebebi: skolebSi
Seqmnilia norC „ekologTa“ wreebi. xdeba skolis mimdebare teritoriebis gamwvanebaganaSenianeba.
iv. javaxiSvilis sax. saswavlo kompleqsi 1994 wlidan ìuneskos asocirebuli
wevria, ris gamoc sistematiurad monawileobs iuneskos proeqtebSi. 2004 wels maT
Caatares konferencia Temaze `Savi zRva gasaWirSia~, `paliastomis tba Cemi tkivili
da siamaye~, foto konkursi grZeldeba `wyali Cvens irgvliv~, saqarTvelos
mwvaneebTan erTad eko-gakveTili `Waobi, rogorc erT-erTi ekosistema~.
skolebSi tardeba èkologis kvireuli~. kvireulis dReebSi ewyoba naxatebis
gamofena-konkursebi; saubrebi Temaze `45 wuTi ekologiis globaluri sakiTxebis
Sesaxeb~, `paliastomis tbis binadarni~. moswavleebi ecnobian `wiTel wignSi~ Setanil cxovelebsa da mcenareebs. TiTqmis yvela skolis dawyebiT klass gaaCnia `mwvane
kuTxe~, `yvavilebis moyvarulTa klubi~. kvireulis dReebSi gamodis kedlis gazeTi.
dedamiwis dResTan dakavSirebiT 22 aprils qalaqis saswavlo dawesebulebebSi:
skolebSi, umaRles saswavleblebSi Catarda SabaTobebi, dasufTavda teritoriebi,
mcenareTa mravalgvari jiSebiT moxda maTi ganaSenianeba. am dRes skolebSi Catarda
saubrebi. moswavleebma imsjeles problemur sakiTxebze, rom dRiTi-dRe mcirdeba
mwvane safari.
xaSuris skolebSi moswavle-axalgazrdobis ekologiuri aRzrda erT-erTi
prioritetuli mimarTulebaa da mniSvnelovani adgili aqvs daTmobili saaRmzrdelo
muSaobaSi. skolebSi Seqmnilia da muSaobs ekologiuri wreebi, romlebsac
86
xelmZRvaneloben sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis pedagogebi. wreebi muSaoben saTanado
damtkicebuli samuSao gegmis mixedviT. aRniSnul gegmebSi Setanilia seminarebi,
konferenciebi, skolebisa da mimdebare teritoriebis dasufTavebisa da gamwvanebis
RonisZiebebi, viqtorinebi, diskusiebi. skolebSi moewyo moswavleTa namuSevrebis
(naxatebisa da fotoebis) gamofenebi. aRniSnul RonisZiebebze ganxiluli da
damuSavebuli sakiTxebi ZiriTadad exeba garemosdacviT sakiTxebs.
yoveli wlis aprilis TveSi tradiciulad aRiniSneba skolebSi 22 aprili _
dedamiwis dRe, romelsac moswavleebi warmoadgenen improvizirebuli ekologiuri
saRamoebis saxiT, paralelurad skolebSi igegmeba da tardeba ekologiur
RonisZiebaTa kvireulebi.
q. quTaisSi funqcionirebs sabunebismetyvelo liceumi, sadac calke sagnad
iswavleba èkologiis safuZvlebi~. quTaisis sami umaRlesi saswavlebeli amzadebs
ekologiis specialistebs Sesabamis kaTedrebze.
samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis sferoSi skolebSi
ZiriTadi mimarTulebebia I-XI klasebSi CaTvliT calkeul sagnebSi garemosa da
bunebisdacviTi sakiTxebis integrirebuli swavleba. borjomis #1, axalcixis #6, d.
adigenis saSualo skolebSi Seqmnilia Tanamedrove aRWurvilobis ekologiis
kabinetebi. aseve Tanamedrove aRWurvilobis kabinetebia axalcixis #1 da #3
skolebSi, romlis aRWurvaSi didi wvlili miuZRviT IFFS sgp-s.
garemosdacviT problemebze sistematiurad tardeba saklaso da saskolo
RonisZiebebi, Ria gakveTilebi da a.S.
skolebSi tardeba viqtorinebi `Cven da garemo~, ewyoba ekologiuri kvireulebi, uSveben gazeTebs ekologiis sakiTxebze. Catarda RonisZiebebi dedamiwis dResTan
dakavSirebiT da sxva.
garemos
dacvis
sferoSi
informaciul-saganmanaTleblo
saqmianobisaTvis
saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionSi saxelmwifo biujetidan Tanxebi ar gamoyofila, gamonakliss warmoadgens aWaris avtonomiuri respublika.
aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi 2004 wlis 31 oqtombers Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso dRes daigegma da biujetidan dafinansda kvireulis Semdegi RonisZiebebi:
29 oqtomberi _ baTumis saxelmwifo universitetSi gaimarTa seminari Temaze _
Savi zRva, misi Taviseburebebi da ekologiuri problemebi; 29 oqtomberi _
saqarTvelos Savi zRvis ekologiisa da Tevzis meurneobis samecniero-kvleviT
institutSi moewyo Sexvedra dainteresebul mxareTa monawileobiT: ra keTdeba Savi
zRvisTvis; 29 oqtomberi _ moswavle axalgazrdobis sasaxleSi RonisZieba _ 31
oqtomberi Savi zRvis dacvis dRe; 30-31 oqtomberi _ bavSvebisaTvis da mozardebisaTvis ufaso aqcia delfinariumSi; 31 oqtomberi _ 14 wlamde bavSvebis mier Savi
zRvis Temaze Seqmnili naxatebis gamofena; 1 noemberi _ baTumis #2 saSualo
skolaSi Catarda seminari _ davicvaT Savi zRva da sxva.
aRniSnuli RonisZiebis dafinansebam Seadgina 11977-50 lari.
garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis sferoSi ZiriTadi mimarTulebis Seswavlas, erovnuli da saerTaSoriso programebis gansaxorcielebel RonisZiebebSi aqtiur monawileobas Rebuloben q. baTumis i. WavWavaZis sax. #3 saSualo skolis moswavleebi da
amave skolis pedagogiuri koleqtivi. aRniSnuli skola 1998 wlidan aris gaerTianebuli erebis bavSvTa usafrTxoebis fondis (iuneskos) wevri. Seqmnilia saaqtivo eko
sabWo, skola CarTulia rogorc erovnul, aseve saerTaSoriso programebSi.
Catarda saerTaSoriso RonisZiebebi: `skolis prezentacia~, `sportuli
RonisZieba~, `rogor gadavarCinoT Savi zRva~.
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis zogadsaganmanaTleblo saSualo skolebSi
saTanado yuradReba eqceva axalgazrda Taobis garemosdacviT ganaTlebas, amasTan,
tardeba eqskursiebi garemos ukeT gacnobisaTvis, moswavleebi aqtiurad monawileoben
87
Savi zRvis sanapiro zolis dasufTavebaSi, mwvaneTa aqciaSi, rgaven xeebsa da buCqebs,
moswavleTa moqmedebiT konferenciebSi amuSaveben Temebs ekologiuri problemebis
Sesaxeb. tardeba Savi zRvis dRe, yvavilebis mejlisi, Semodgomis dResaswauli,
dedamiwis dRe, frinvelTa dRe, bunebis dacvisa da sxva mravali.
tradiciisamebr, yovelwliurad maRal doneze tardeba aprilis TveSi: `janmrTelobisa da ekologiis kvireuli~, qalaqidan da raionebidan warmodgenili gegmebis
mixedviT mimdinareobs muSaoba. skolebSi Seqmnilia `cisferi~ da `mwvane~
saguSagoebi.
`cisferi~ saguSagos wevrebi yuradRebas amaxvileben, raTa akrZaluli meTodiT
ar ganadgurdes Tevzis esa Tu is saxeoba. `mwvane~ saguSagos wevrebi ki yuradRebas
aqceven endemur mcenareTa dacvas, tardeba SabaTobebi.
moswavleTa mier saswavlo-SemoqmedebiT konferenciaze damuSavda Temebi:
èkologiuri problemebi sadac Cven vcxovrobT~, `Cveni soflis binadarni~, `muxa
tyisa da bunebis mSveneba~ da sxva. Catarda konferencia Temebze: `SevinarCunoT Savi
zRvis sicocxle da silamaze~, `buneba da Cven~, `nu movWriT im tots, romelzedac
vzivarT~, `planeta saSiSroebaSia~, `msoflio hidrosfero: Savi zRvis problema~,
`31 oqtomberi Savi zRvis dacvis dRea~.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis mier 2004 wels garemos dacvis sferoSi
gamoqveynebulia 17 Sroma, maT Soris: “klimatis cvlilebis problemebTan
dakavSirebuli terminologiis mokle ganmartebiTi leqsikoni”, `saqarTvelos
tyeebi~; `katastrofuli wyaldidobebi, wyalmovardnebi da Rvarcofuli movlenebi
saqarTveloSi~; `Savi zRva~ (inglisur enaze), “geofizikuri meTodebi bunebis
dacvaSi” (saxelmZRvanelo) da a.S.
2004 wels saqarTvelos bevr skolaSi aRiniSna garemos dacvis msoflio dRe
(5 ivnisi) da “dedamiwis dRe” (22 aprili), Catarda ekologiuri kvireulebi da
erTTviurebi, romelTa programaSi Sedioda konferenciebis Catareba, JurnalgazeTebis da biuletenebis gamoSveba, laSqrobebisa da eqskursiebis mowyoba, skolebis mimdebare teritoriebis gasufTaveba-gamwvaneba, Ria gakveTilebi da sxva
RonisZiebebi.
miuxedavad Catarebuli saqmianobisa, garemosdacviTi ganaTleba arasaTanado
donezea qveynis masStabiT. saWiroa meti yuradReba daeTmos saganmanaTleblo
sistemaSi garemosdacviTi sakiTxebis swavlebas.
Tavi 28
garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
saministro TanamSromlobs garemosdacviT arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan Sexvedrebi xdeba TveSi erTxel. Sexvedrebis mTavari
mizania informaciis gacvla samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo struqturebs Soris.
aRniSnul Sexvedrebs eswrebian Jurnalistebic.
2004 wels arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan gamarTuli Sexvedrebi:
• satyeo sferos reforma;
• erTiani salicenzio samsaxuris Seqmna;
• Tbilisis atmosferuli haeris mdgomareoba;
• satyeo sferos reformis koncefcia;
• garemosdacviTi inspeqtoratis koncefcia;
• proeqtis - “garemosdacviTi informacia, ganaTleba da cnobierebis
amaRleba” angariSi;
88
•
“orhusis konvenciis” ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos erovnuli
moxseneba.
saministros sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis ganyofilebis mier momzadda garemos
dacvis saerTaSoriso dRisadmi, 5 ivnisisadmi, miZRvnili RonisZiebebi.
saerTaSoriso organizacia `Mountain Wilderness”-Tan, saqarTvelos mTis
federaciasa da turistul organizacia `GeoSwiss”-Tan erTad momzadda aqcia
`davasufTaoT~. erT-erT mTavar RonisZiebas mTa yazbegze arsebuli narCenebis
Camotana da maTi gldanis nagavsayrelze ganTavseba warmoadgenda.
2004 wels dasrulda evrokavSiris dafinanasebiT mimdinare proeqti
`garemosdacviTi infromacia, ganaTleba da cnobierebis amaRleba“. proeqtis mizani
iyo gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis konvenciis `garemosdacviTi informacis
xelmisawvdomoba, sazogadoebis monawileoba garemosdacviTi gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis
procesSi
da
am
sakiTxebze
marTlmsajulebaze
xelmisawvdomoba~
ganxorcielebis xelSewyoba. proeqtis farglebSi interaqtiuri swavleba CautardaT
rogorc garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros TanamSromlebs, aseve
sxvadasxva
sajaro
dawesebulebebisa
da
sazogadoebrivi
organizaciebis
warmomadgenlebs. swavlebis Sedegad monawileebi gaecnen orhusis konvenciiTa da
erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT sajaro moxeleebze dakisrebul valdebulebebsa da
sazogadoebisaTvis miniWebul uflebebs. proeqtis farglebSi, erovnuli gundis
meSveobiT, aseve momzadda saxelmZRvaneloebi òrhusis konvenciis ganxorcielebis
xelSewyoba aRmosavleT evropisa da kavkasiis qveynebSi~ sajaro moxeleebisa da
sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis.
saministros sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis ganyofileba regularulad awvdis
informacias masmedias garemos dacvis sferoSi mimdinare saqmianobis Sesaxeb.
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros saqalaqo da regionuli
sammarTveloebi mWidrod TanamSromloben garemosdacviT arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan. maTi monawileobiT 2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi gaimarTa treningebi da seminarebi
garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis
monawileobis da garemosdacviTi menejmentis Temaze. Catarda preskonferenciebi,
gamoica publikaciebi, momzadda satelevizio siuJetebi
da radio gadacemebi,
romlebSic gaSuqebul iqna garemos dacvis sferoSi arsebuli problemebi.
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis qvemo qarTlis regionaluri sammarTvelos informaciiT, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saagentos (USAID) da korporacia
`ganviTarebis alternativebi~ (DAI-s) mier xelmowerilia kontraqti, romelic
iTvaliswinebs wylis resursebis marTvis gaumjobesebas samxreT kavkasiaSi.
saqarTvelosa da somxeTisaTvis sacdel proeqtad SerCeul iqna xrami-debedas
mdinareebis auzis marTvis integrirebuli dagegmva adgilobriv doneze da regionis
SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba. aRniSnuli programis farglebSi regionuli sammarTvelos daxmarebiT 2004 wels Catarda 2 seminari.
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros Sida qarTlis regionaluri sammarTvelo TanamSromlobs Semdeg garemosdacviT arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan:
• asociacia `tonTio~ - mdgradi garemo da turizmi. maTi xelSewyobiT Catarda
seminari genmodificirebuli organizmebis Sesaxeb.
• goris saraionTaSoriso monadireTa da meTevzeTa kavSiri `monkavSiri~.
`monkavSiris~ TanamSromlebi monawileobas iReben sammarTvelos mier ulicenzio TevzWerisa da ulicenzio nadirobis faqtebis gamosavlenad mowyobil
reidebSi.
• àxalgazrda iuristTa asociacia~, `gaeros asociacia~, `kaspi samarTali –
2003~.
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis foTis saqalaqo sammarTvelo
89
TanamSromlobs garemosdacviT arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan, kerZod, q. foTis
mwvaneebTan.
aRsaniSnavia Savi zRvis ekoakademiis arasamTavrobo organizaciis saqmianoba. maT
mier Catarebuli mravalwliani kvleva faqtiurad damTavrebulia. kvlevis Sedegad
miRebuli daskvnebi iZleva obieqtis suraTs resurssargeblobis (nadiroba, Tevzaoba,
Zoveba, xis Wra) Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb. kolxeTis erovnuli parkis problematikaze
muSaobs agreTve garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizacia `kolxa~. am garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciis mier guriis regionSi Catarebulia mniSvnelovani
samuSaoebi mosaxleobis garemosdacviT sferoSi informaciul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis kuTxiT. saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan kolxeTis erovnuli
parkis administraciasTan TanamSromlobs bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF)-is
saqarTvelos filiali. kolxeTis erovnuli parkis garemosdacviT problemebze
muSaobs agreTve Semdegi garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi: guriis
axalgazrduli resurscentri, saqarTvelos mwvaneebi – dedamiwis megobrebi; q. foTis
mwvaneTa moZraobis saqalaqo organizacia da sxva.
samcxe-javaxeTis garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis regionaluri sammarTvelo TanamSromlobs regionis arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan. TveSi erTxel ewyoba
Sexvedrebi, xdeba garemosdacviT sakiTxebze da problemebze msjeloba, isini ecnobian
siaxleebs garemosdacviT politikasa da saqmianobaSi da monawileobas Rebuloben
aRniSnul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT sajaro ganxilvebSi.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi garemos dacvis sferoSi ZiriTadad muSaoben
ekologiuri problemebis da ganaTlebis sakiTxebze, awyoben ekologiuri Tematikis
gamofenebs da viqtorinebs.
kaxeTis regionSi arsebobs garemosdacviTi profilis 22-ze meti arasamTavrobo
organizacia. erT-erTi yvelaze àsakiani~ da gamocdili lagodexis raionSi arsebuli
`ludvig mlokoseviCis sazogadoeba~, romelic Seiqmna 1992 wels da romlis
ZiriTadi mizani iyo lagodexis saxelmwifo nakrZalis damaarseblis mlokiseviCis
ideebis popularizacia. sazogadoeba 2004 wlis gazafxulidan axorcielebs proeqts
`kavkasiuri roWo, gamravleba da konservacia saqarTveloSi~, romelic ikvlevs roWos
popularizacias lagodexis nakrZalis teritoriaze.
gurjaanis raionSi axorcieleben Tavis saqmianobas asociacia àisi~ da kavSiri
`progresi~ 2004 wels àisi~ monawileobas iRebda msoflio bankis programaSi
ìdeebis kidobani saqarTvelos ganviTarebisaTvis maT gaimarjves ramdenime turSi da
saqmianobis dafinansebisaTvis miiRes 500 dolari. àisma~ da `progresma~ moawyes
aqtebi tyis ukanono WrasTan dakavSirebiT. garemos dabinZurebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovan
informacias awvdian sazogadoebas da aqtiurad TanamSromloben samTavrobo
struqturebTan.
2004 wels yvarlis raionSi asociaciam `Cveni raioni~ saerTaSoriso
daxmarebisa da ganviTarebis fond `mersi qorisgan~ miiRo granti q. yvarelSi
nagavsayrelis mowyobaze.
axmetis raionSi saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis ganviTarebis centris mier
gamocxadebul mcire grantebis konkursze dafinanseba miiRes: kavSirma “alvani 2000”
proeqtze ekologiuri ganaTlebis Sesaxeb; saTemo kavSirma `lalisyuris glexebi~
babaneulis dacul teritoriaze arsebuli Tamar mefis eklesiisa da misasvleli gzis
aRdgenaze da sxva.
d/wyaros r-Si 2004 wels saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis ganviTarebis
centris mier gaweuli dafinansebis Sedegad ganxorcielda 5 sxvadasxva proeqti
ekologiuri problemebis gadasaWrelad.
xaSurSi Seqmnilia sami garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizacia: ekologiuri
organizacia `garemo~; garemosdamcvelTa sazogadoeba `TrialeTi~; garemosdacviTi
90
sainformacio centri `lixi~. isini aqtiurad monawileoben sammarTvelos mier
Catarebul sazogadoebriv RonisZiebebSi.
garemosdacviTi sainformacio centri `lixi~ aqtiurad TanamSromlobs kavkasiis
garemosdacviT centrTan, romlis daxmarebiTac gamovida sazogadoebrivi erTjeradi
Jurnali `garemosdacviTi karabadini~ (kiTxva-pasuxebi mosaxleobisaTvis saintereso
garemosdacviT sakiTxebze).
22 aprils dedamiwis dRes, xaSuris ài-ei-Ti-pi~ internetcentrSi garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis sammarTvelos daxmarebiT Catarda seminari. monawileebma
ganixiles xaSuris raionis ekologiuri mdgomareoba da imsjeles problemebsa da
perspeqtivebze. sammarTvelos mWidro urTierToba aqvs masmediis rogorc adgilobriv,
ise regionalur saSualebebTan: telekompania `diasTan~, telekompania `TrialeTTan~,
gazeT `xaSuris moambesTan~ da gazeT `TrialeTTan~, romelTa saSualebiTac sistematiurad Suqdeba raionSi arsebuli ekologiuri problemebi da maTi gadaWris gzebi.
telekompania `dias~ meSveobiT gaSuqda mdinareebis suramulas, Solis, sarwyavi
arxebis wmendiTi samuSaoebi, romlebic mimdinareobda sammarTvelos specialistebis
meTvalyureobis qveS. Catarda mdinareebis mtkvris, suramulas, WeraTxeulas napirsamagri samuSaoebi. aRniSnuli samuSaoebis mimdinareoba telekompania `dias~ saSualebiT
gaSuqda.
31 oqtombers, Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso dResTan dakavSirebiT moewyo erToblivi
aqcia sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan erTad saxelwodebiT _ `gadavarCinoT
Savi zRva~.
arasamTavrobo organizacia “Savi zRvis ekoakademia” muSaobs adgilobrivi
Temebisa da fizikuri pirebis socialur-ekonomikuri da garemosdacviTi uflebebis
dacvaze
saqarTvelos
Savi
zRvis
sanapiro
zolSi.
proeqti
dafinansda
evrogaerTianebis delegaciis mier. organizaciis mier gaxorcielebuli erT-erTi
proeqtis farglebSi, romelic exeboda xe-tyis ukanono Wras, Seiqmna samuSao jgufi,
romlis mizanic iyo proeqtis farglebSi aralegaluri Wris SeCerebis gzebisa, aseve
alternatiuli energoresursebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebis
Sesrulebaze kontroli. samuSao jgufma gaarZela muSaoba proeqtis dasrulebis
Semdgomac, romlis SemadgenlobaSic Sedis eko-akademia.
koalicia `samziaris~ (`demokratiis instituti~; axalgazrda mecnierTa kavSiri
ìnteleqti~;
mosaxleobis
interesebis
damcvelTa
kavSiri;
samarTlebrivi
informaciisa da adamianis uflebebis regionaluri centri; Tavisufali ganviTarebisa
da uflebebis dacvis asociacia) mier xorcieldeba proeqti `sufTa garemo~, romlis
mizania navTobterminalisa da navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis mier dazaralebuli
mosaxleobis interesebis dacva; navTobterminalisa da navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis
mier dabinZurebuli garemos ekologiuri gajansaRebis xelSewyoba.
91
daskvnebi, prognozebi da rekomendaciebi
2004 wels garemos dacvis sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareoba wina welTan SedarebiT arsebiTad ar Secvlila. isev dRis wesrigSi dgas garemos ZiriTadi komponentebis – atmosferuli haeris, wylis, niadagis, florisa da faunis dacvis problemebi. maT droulad gadaWras xels uSlis qveyanaSi arsebuli rTuli ekonomikuri da
socialuri mdgomareoba, finansirebis ararseboba da sxva obieqturi mizezebi.
aRniSnul fonze gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania atmosferuli haeris mdgomareoba,
romelic dResdReobiT ver akmayofilebs im moTxovnebs, romelic sakanonmdeblo
baziTa da normatiuli aqtebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. avtotransporti isev
warmoadgens haeris ZiriTad damabinZurebels. mis mier atmosferuli haeris
dabinZurebis procentulma raodenobam saerTo dabinZurebis 45% Seadgina. qveyanaSi
gamoyenebuli sawvavis dabali xarisxi, moZvelebuli avtosatransporto saSualebebis
didi raodenoba, moZraobis regulirebis ugulebelyofa da sxva obieqturi Tu
subieqturi mizezebi ZiriTadad ganapirobebs aRniSnul mdgomareobas.
atmosferuli haeris dasacavad upirveles RonisZiebas warmoadgens amJamad qveyanaSi arsebuli avtoparkis mdgomareobis gadaxaliseba da misi teqnikuri
mdgomareobis kontrolis gamkacreba, qveynis saavtomobilo gzebis wesrigSi moyvana,
gamtarunarianobis gazrda, dabali xarisxis sawvavis Semotanisa da misi realizaciis
akrZalva, naxmari zeTis meoradi gadamuSavebis sakiTxis gadawyveta.
miuxedavad imisa, rom qveynis sawarmoebze atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis
mcire wili modis, aucilebelia sawarmoTa arsebuli airmtverdamWeri sistemebisa da
teqnikuri saSualebebis aRdgena-ganaxleba, xolo efeqturi gamwmendi nagebobebiT im
sawarmoebis aRWurva, romlebsac aRniSnuli ar gaaCniaT. amasTanave, unda ganxorcieldes mkacri kontroli im sawarmoebze, romlebic dadgenil limitebze metad abinZureben atmosferul haers. qveynis haeris xarisxis gaumjobeseba monitoringis erTiani
sistemis (qselis) Seqmnis gareSe SeuZlebelia, rac uaxloes wlebSi unda
ganxorcieldes.
rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelo warmoadgens wylis resursebiT erT-erT mdidar
qveyanas. wylis resursebi farTod gamoiyeneba qveynis energetikis, mrewvelobis,
melioraciis, mosaxleobis sayofacxovrebo moTxovnilebebis da sxva miznebisaTvis.
sawarmoo saqmianobis mixedviT wylis resursebis gamoyenebis yvelaze didi procenti
modis eleqtroenergiis warmoebaze da soflis meurneobaSi – naTesebis morwyvaze.
miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, wylis resursebis mTliani potenciali, sxvadasxva
obieqturi Tu subieqturi mizezis gamo, saTanadod ar aris gamoyenebuli iseT
dargebSi, rogoricaa hidroenergetika, samelioracio, irigaciis, agreTve, sasmeli
wylis da teqnikuri wylis moxmareba.
rogorc wina wlebSi, ise 2004 wels saqarTvelos zedapiruli wylis resursebis ZiriTadi damabinZureblebia: komunaluri meurneoba, energetika, Camdinare
sawarmoo da samedicino wylebi, SxamqimikatebiT dabinZurebuli sasoflo-sameurneo
farTobebis, sayofacxovrebo narCenebis nagavsayrelebis da samrewvelo narCenebis
sanayaroebis Camonadenebi.
amJamad qveynis qalaqebisa da raionuli centrebis wyalsakanalizacio sistemaSi
Seqmnilia uaRresad rTuli situacia. arsebuli wyalsadenebis umravlesobis
sanitarul-teqnikuri
mdgomareoba
aradamakmayofilebelia.
maT
ar
gaaCniaT
sanitaruli dacvis zonebi, wylis gasauvnebeli danadgarebi; saxsrebis uqonlobis
gamo irRveva wyalsadenisa da sakanalizacio sistemebis nagebobaTa teqnikuri
eqspluataciis wesebi, ar tardeba saremonto samuSaoebi. xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac
miwodebuli wylis xarisxi ar Seesabameba saxelmwifo standartebis moTxovnebs.
wlebis manZilze niadagdamuSavebis wesebis darRvevebma mniSvnelovan farTobebze
gamoiwvies miwis resursebis degradireba da niadagis nayofierebis katastrofuli
92
Semcireba. niadagdacviTi RonisZiebebis drouli ganxorcielebis gareSe mosalodnelia savalalo Sedegebi. saqarTvelo mciremiwiani qveyanaa da mZime ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis miuxedavad unda gamoinaxos saxsrebi qveynis erovnuli simdidris –
miwisa da miwis resursebis gadasarCenad. gansaxorcielebelia niadagze negatiuri
anTropogenuri zemoqmedebis monitoringi da Tanamedrove mecnierul-teqnikuri miRwevebis danergva niadagis dacvisa da misi nayofierebis amaRlebis mizniT.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRricxulia mineraluri nedleulis TiTqmis yvela
jgufi, kerZod – metaluri, arametaluri da sawvavi wiaRiseulis sxvadasxva saxeebi.
wiaRiseulis mopovebis (damuSavebis) dros xSir SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs Semdeg
darRvevebs: saproeqto moTxovnilebebidan gadaxvevebs, wiaRiseulis mopovebis mtacebluri xerxebis gamoyenebas, damuSavebis arsebuli meTodebis ugulebelyofas, rac
garkveuli negatiuri SedegebiT mTavrdeba. wiaRiseulis dacvis da misi
racionalurad gamoyenebis mizniT saWiroa arsebuli maragebis dadgena-Sefaseba
kategoriebis mixedviT, wiaRiseulis mopovebisa da misi gadamuSavebis (gamdidrebis)
srulyofili meTodebis SerCeva da ganxorcieleba, rac iZleva danakargebis
minimumamde Semcirebis SesaZleblobas. amasTanave, wiaRiseulis damuSavebis dros
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces garemos dacvis sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebas,
kerZod, Ria wesiT wiaRiseulis mopovebisas.
saqarTvelos qalaqebisa da saqalaqTaSoriso avtosatransporto ZiriTadi
magistralebis mimdebare teritoriebze xmauris doneebis zrda 2004 wels
umniSvneloa. es SeiZleba aixsnas did qalaqebSi transportiT ZiriTadi
magistralebis gajerebis gamo siCqareebis SemcirebiT da saqalaqTaSoriso
magistralebze transportis moZraobis intensiurobis zrdis SeCerebiT.
gasaTvaliswinebelia sarkinigzo-satransporto gadazidvebis zrdis tendencia,
rac iwvevs xmauris doneebis momatebasa da dabinZurebis zonebis zrdas ZiriTadi
sarkinigzo magistralebis mimdebare teritoriebze. amasTan dakavSirebiT, aucilebelia sarkinigzo nakadebis xmauris monitoringis sistemis SemuSaveba da organizeba.
garemosa da adamianTa dasxivebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, aucilebelia
saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli yvela maionebeli gamosxivebis saSualebaTa
zusti saxelmwifo reestris Seqmna, radiaciuli an birTvuli profiliT momuSave
organizaciebis gamartivebuli wesiT Seuferxebeli licenzireba, risi ganxorcielebisTvisac aucilebelia sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa, birTvuli da radiaciuli
profilis obieqtTa permanentuli inspeqtireba da inspeqtorTaTvis sakanonmdeblo
berketebis Seqmna, rac maT uflebamosilebas mianiWebs saqmianobis droebiT an
samudamod SeCerebaze.
qveyanaSi narCenebTan da maT ganTavsebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi kvlav
gadauWreli rCeba. sayofacxovrebo narCenebis nagavsayrelebis dRevandeli formiT
eqspluatacia dauSvebelia. problemebis daregulirebis mizniT saWiroa gatardes
Semdegi aucilebeli RonisZiebebi:
• moxdes nagavsayrelebis srulyofili SemoRobva adamianis da pirutyvis
Sesvlis aRsakveTad da meti yuradReba mieqces maT movla-patronobas;
• aikrZalos narCenebis Riad dawva;
• nagavsayrelebze yuradReba mieqces maizolirebeli Sualeduri SriT
dafarvas, raTa Tavidan iqnas acilebuli qaris mier msubuqi fraqciis
gadatana da TviTaalebis procesebi;
• saWiroa mdinaris napirze arsebuli nagavsayrelebis gadatana, risTvisac
unda SeirCes miwis farTobebi da momzaddes nagavsayrelis mSeneblobis
proeqtebi da moewyos isini garemos dacvis Tanamedrove moTxovnebis
gaTvaliswinebiT;
• SemuSavdes Zveli nagavsayrelebis daxurvisa da rekultivaciis proeqtebi;
93
•
•
narCenebis Segrovebis Tanamedrove konteineruli sistemis danergva;
sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gadamuSavebisa, gauvnebelyofis da ganTavsebis
Tanamedrove teqnologiebis danergva;
• satransporto, minis, qaRaldis, liTonis da sxva narCenebis Segrovebisa da
separirebis praqtikis danergva;
• narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi sagadasaxado sistemis srulyofa.
• samrewvelo (gansakuTrebiT maRaltoqsikuri) narCenebis inventarizacia;
• narCenebis marTvis sferoSi sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa;
• saxifaTo narCenebis importisa da tranzitis kontrolis gaZliereba;
• maRaltoqsikuri arautilizebadi narCenebis Tanamedrove garemosdacviTi
moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT ganTavseba.
qimiuri nivTierebebis swori marTvis sistemis CamoyalibebisaTvis ganxorcielebul unda iqnas sxvadasxva RonisZiebebi:
sakanonmdeblo normatiuli aqtebis srulyofa da SemuSaveba, romlebic
moawesrigeben qimiur nivTierebaTa marTvis sakiTxebs yvela etapze _
warmoeba, SefuTva, niSandeba, importi, eqsporti, transportireba, Senaxva,
gamoyeneba, gauvnebloba;
saSiSi qimiur nivTierebaTa gamocdis aRricxvisa da registraciis sistemis
srulyofa saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT;
saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis erTiani saxelmwifo reestris SemuSaveba;
saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebiT garemos dabinZurebis monitoringis sistemis
Camoyalibeba;
saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis narCenebis gauvnebloba-utilizaciis programis
SemuSaveba – ganxorcieleba;
saxelmwifo politikis gatarebis mizniT uwyebaTaSorisi koordinaciis
uzrunvelyofa.
ukanasknel wlebSi qveynis teritoriaze tyeebis ukanonod Cexvis mavne, ukve
dakanonebulma tendenciam katastroful zRvars gadaabija. ganadgurda ara marto
asakovani tyis masivebi, aramed axalgazrda, mozardi koromebis mniSvnelovani nawili.
ukanonod tyis masivebis CexviT gamowveuli zaralis aRricxvisa da SemdgomSi tyis
masivebis aRdgenis mizniT SesamuSavebeli praqtikuli RonisZiebis dadgenisaTvis
aucilebelia daiwyos tyis masivebis inventarizacia, ris Sedegadac gairkveva 10
wlis mouwesrigebeli eqspluataciis Sedegad am sferoSi arsebuli saerTo
mdgomareoba, kerZod tyis sixSireebis realuri mniSvnelobebi da sxva maCveneblebi.
ukanasknel wlebSi qveyanaSi faunis sxvadasxva saxeobaTa ricxovnoba
sagrZnoblad Semcirda, rac ZiriTadad ganapiroba katastrofiulma brakonierobam da
adamianTa mier cxovelTa saarsebo garemos gaCanagebam (tyeebis ukontrolo Cexva,
dabinZureba, ulicenzio TevzWera da a.S.). momavalSi aRniSnuli problemebis
mougvarebloba cxovelTa samyaros savalalo Sedegebamde miiyvans. gamoricxuli ar
aris daikargos saxeobaTa umetesi nawili.
iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras myofi cxovelTa da iqTiofaunis saxeobebis gadarCenis mizniT, saWiroa aRwarmoebiTi da samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebis gafarToeba,
romelTa ganxorcielebiTac SeiZleba gadaiWras qveynis faunis dacvaSi arsebuli
problemebi.
qveynis floris, faunis, landSaftebisa da garemos sxva komponentebis SenarCuneba, romlebic anTropogenuri da bunebrivi faqtorebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad
ganadgurebis piras aris misuli, daculi teritoriebis saSualebiTaa SesaZlebeli.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamoyofil aseT farTobebze ukanaskneli 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi xSirad irRveoda is reJimi, romelic kanonmdeblobiT iyo gansazRvruli.
momavalSi aucilebelia daculi teritoriebisaTvis gamoyofili farTobebis
94
aramarto ganaxleba, aramed misi gazrda; amasTanave, im moTxovnebis dacva da ganxorcieleba, romelic uzrunvelyofs momavali TaobebisaTvis bunebis unikaluri obieqtebis, florisa da faunis warmomadgenlebis SenarCunebas. daculi teritoriebisaTvis
gamoyofili axali farTobebis marTva unda ganxorcieldes adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aseve winaswar gaazrebuli saproeqto monacemebis
analizis safuZvelze.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis institutebis mier Seswavlil iqna miwis,
wylisa da tyis, agreTve bunebriv-rekreaciuli resursebi maTi Semdgomi gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobebis dasadgenad. Catarda mdinareuli Camonadenis genezisisa da misi Sida
wliuri ganawilebis analizi, amasTanave gamokvleulia sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis teritoriis wylis balansi da gansazRvrulia wylis resursebi. ganxilulia
maTi dargobrivi gamoyenebis aucilebloba da ekologiuri problemebi. garda
aRniSnulisa, 2004 wlis ganmavlobaSi Seswavlil iqna saxelmwifos tyis fondis
maCveneblebi, maT Soris tyiT dafaruli farTobebisa da tyeebis dacvis mdgomareoba,
dasaxulia dargSi arsebuli problemebis umtkivneulod gadaWris gzebi.
garemos dacvis sferoSi momuSave samecniero organizaciebma momavalSi yuradReba unda gaamaxvilon qveynis garemos dacvis politikis upirvelesad gadasawyveti
mimarTulebebis SemuSavebaze, romelic dafuZnebuli iqneba mdgradi ganviTarebis
koncefciis principebze.
95
moxsenebaSi gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi uwyebebidan
Semosuli informaciebi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia;
saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademia;
saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro;
saqarTvelos finansTa saministro;
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro;
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;
saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro;
saqarTvelos energetikis saministro;
saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro;
saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministro;
teqnikuri zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifo inspeqcia.
erovnuli moxsenebis SedgenaSi monawileobdnen:
•
saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro:
a. adamia (Tavi 17), m. adeiSvili (Tavi 19), e. asaTiani (Tavi 11, 12), d. benaSvili
(Tavi 24), n. gvajava (Tavi 14), l. iakobiZe (Tavi 18), i. kakuSaZe (Tavi 7),
g. kolbini (Tavi 25), T. laRiZe (Tavi 21), m. makarova (Tavi 2), s. maCabliSvili
(Tavi 22), d. monaseliZe (Tavi 3), g. ninikaSvili (Tavi 6), i. oSoriZe (Tavi 3),
n. pirveli (Tavi 5), j. qarCava (Tavi 1), n. qitoSvili (Tavi 28), d. Rlonti
(Tavi 18), a. Canqseliani (Tavi 14, 15), d. cotaZe (Tavi 1), r. WiTanava (Tavi 2, 9,
23), T. Wolokava (Tavi 2), m. xavTasi (Tavi 6).
•
garemos dacvis s/k instituti:
m. javaxiSvili (Tavi 23, 27, 28), r. CageliSvili (Tavi 5), n. labaZe (Tavi 5),
s. aladaSvili (Tavi 10), v. boWoriSvili (Tavi 6), T. goginaSvili (Tavi 6),
T. dvali (Tavi 3, 10, 15), r. vasaZe (Tavi 17), g. TavdgiriZe (Tavi 9, 16),
n. iakobiZe (Tavi 9, 16), T. koCinaSvili (Tavi 8, 13, 21), T. leJava (Tavi 11, 12),
g. maRalaSvili (Tavi 4), e. nacvliSvili (Tavi 26), n. nasyidaSvili (Tavi 2, 14),
a. nikolaiSvili (Tavi 7, 8, 24), o. rexviaSvili (Tavi 1, 4), n. sulamaniZe (Tavi
19, 25), m. frodiaSvili (Tavi 22), o. qurdaSvili (Tavi 8), m. comaia (Tavi 18).
daskvnebi, prognozebi da rekomendaciebi _ m. javaxiSvili, T. koCinaSvili,
n. labaZe.
96

atmosferuli haeris xarisxobrivi mdgomareoba

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