instrumental analysis of vowel and plosive duration in

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INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS OF VOWEL AND
PLOSIVE
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DURATION IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
Francisco de O. Meneses
Laboratório de Fonética e Psicolinguística (Lafape)
State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
[email protected]
Vera Pacheco
Laboratório de Pesquisa e Estudo em Fonética e Fonologia
Bahia South-west State University , Bahia, Brazil
[email protected]
INTRODUCTION
• The segments in fluent speech, according to
Fowler (1981), are produced in an integrated
manner.
MATERIAL
•Three subjects were recorded (one man and
two women).
• The duration of a segment may vary depending
on adjacent segments.
•A corpus of words with CV and CV.CV structure
was created. Onset position was filled with
plosives. The vowels / a, i, u / occurred in peak
position.
AIMS
• Duration measures were obtained from Praat
(Boersma & Weenink, 2002).
• This paper aims at assessing the effects of
emphasis, pause and syntactic position on plosive
and vowel duration in Brazilian Portuguese
(henceforth BP).
• Statistical analysis was performed with BioEstat
(Ayres et al, 2001). Alpha was settled at 0.05.
RESULTS
Figure 4: The duration difference between consonants in
emphasis, pre-emphasis e post-emphasis position.
• Considering, however, that a considerable
amount of achievements are presented p
values > 0.05, we can say that the change
caused by segmental emphasis is not as
intense as that caused by the pause.
Sub.:
1. papa
2.baba
METHOD
3.pico
4.bico
5.pulo
Design
6.data
7.dura
8.cata
• Three experiments were conducted:
(I) the first focused on pause
(II) the second focused on stress
(III) the third focused on syntactic position.
9.quite
Figure 5: Consonants durations are shown as a function of
position within a sentence.
Figure 1: The duration difference between vowels in different
conditions: near and far the pause.
• Experiment I: target words with two different
distances from pause:
• The results showed that the durations do not
change when comparing the stops in the core
functions of subject and predicate.
CONCLUSION
- Pedro disse “X”, enquanto Paulo disse “Y”.
-Pedro disse “X” baixinho, enquanto Paulo
disse “Y” alto.
• Experiment II: target words with three different
positions relative to emphasis:
Before:
•Você disse “pa” alto?
•Não, disse “pa” BAIXINHO
On:
•Você disse “casa” baixinho?
•Não, eu disse “PA” baixinho
After:
•Você disse “pa” baixinho?
•Não, ELE disse “pa” baixinho
Figure 2: The duration difference between consonants in different
conditions: near and far the pause.
•The fact that the vowels and plosives submit
duracional inversely proportional behavior
when in the context of proximity and distance
to pause, allows us to say that this duracional
behavior is not independent of prosodic
context.
• Pause and emphasis contexts, to a greater
or
lesser
extent,
display
consonant
compensatory
reduction
due
to
the
lengthening of the adjacent vowel (Klatt,
1976). Compensatory reduction is considered
a coarticulatory phenomenon (Fowler, 1981).
• The results point to the possibility that
segmental duration has close links with
factors beyond the level of the syllable and
the sentence. Duration is strongly influenced
by prosodic and conversational factors
especially pause.
REFERENCES
• AYRES,
• Experiment III: Target word in NP and VP:
M., AYRES JR, M. AYRES, D. L, & SANTOS, A.LS.
Bio Estat 2.0, CNPq, Belém. 2001.
• BOERSMA, P. & WEENINK, D. Praat software. Versão 4.0.
- Sua mãe tem controle de tudo. Ela data
também o que lê.
-Pare de escrever a carta novamente. A data
também está errada.
The Netherlands, Amterdam. 2002.
• FOWLER, C. A.
A relationship between Coarticulation and
Compensatory Shortening. Phonetica 38: 35-50. 1981.
• KLATT, D. Linguistics use segmental duration in English:
Figure 3: The duration difference between vowels in emphasis,
pre-emphasis e post-emphasis position.
acoustical and perceptual evidence. The Journal of the
Acoustical Society of America 59:1208-1221. 1976.