José Tavares
Transcrição
José Tavares
Notas para uma Definição de Cultura Notas para uma Definição de Cultura (e Economia) José Tavares Universidade Nova de Lisboa do sentido de “cultural” (Fine Arts and Arts) of or relating to artistic or social pursuits or events considered to be valuable or enlightened (Sociology) of or relating to a culture or civilization (Life Sciences and Horticulture) of certain varieties of plant, obtained by specialized breeding 3 do sentido de “cultural” (…) the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. (…) systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people. (…) communication. (…) cultivated behavior. (…) a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next. (…) symbolic communication. Some of its symbols include a group's skills, knowledge, attitudes, values, and motives. The meanings of the symbols are learned and deliberately perpetuated in a society through its institutions. (…) products of action, on the other hand, as conditioning influences upon further action. (…) is a collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another. 4 da relação de cultura com economia indústrias culturais infra-estruturas culturais património cultural comunicação e sentido comportamentos e atitudes 5 a cultura é como a galinha de woody allen This guy goes to a psychiatrist and says: - "Doc, uh, my brother's crazy; he thinks he's a chicken." The doctor: - "Well, why don't you bring him in? I will take care of and I will cure him, completely!" The guy again: - “No, doctor, I can´t do that. We need the eggs." 6 economia: a ciência do senso comum? “The age of chivalry is gone. -- That of sophisters, economists, and calculators, has succeeded” Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) 7 economia: a ciência do senso comum? “The age of chivalry is gone. -- That of sophisters, economists, and calculators, has succeeded; and the glory of Europe is extinguished forever. Never, never more, shall we behold a generous loyalty to rank and sex, that proud submission, that dignified obedience, that subordination of the heart, which kept alive, even in servitude itself, the spirit of an exalted freedom. (…) But now all is to be changed. All the pleasing illusions, which made power gentle, and obedience liberal, which harmonized the different shades of life, and which, by a bland simulation, incorporated into politics the sentiments which beautify and soften private society, are to be dissolved by this new conquering empire of light and reason. All the decent drapery of life is to be rudely torn off.” Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) 8 economia: a ciência do senso comum? "Economy is the art of making the most of life." George Bernhard Shaw "Economics is the study of people in the ordinary business of life.“ Alfred Marshall, Principles of Economics; an Introductory Volume, London, 1890 9 economia: da versão Disney à versão Dali Individualismo metodológico nos antípodas de cultura? modelo standard, à Disney vamos tentar chegar, pelo menos, à versão Dali 10 economia: da versão Disney à versão Dali indivíduo 11 economia: da versão Disney à versão Dali primeiro problema: os “outros” indivíduo “L´enfer, c´est les autres” Jean Paul Sartre – Huis Clos 12 13 14 economia: da versão Disney à versão Dali segundo problema: o tempo os “outros” indivíduo “Time is the longest distance between two 15 16 economia: da versão Disney à versão Dali terceiro problema: os o tempo colectivos os “outros” indivíduo “I was not a collective person or a bohemian; I was an elitist.” Elia Kazan 17 18 economia: da versão Disney à versão Dali quarto problema: as o tempo preferências os “outros” indivíduo os colectivos “It is better to be healthy and rich than sick and 19 20 21 22 economia: da versão Disney à versão Dali quinto problema: o o tempo equilíbrio os “outros” indivíduo os colectivos as preferências “The truth is balance. However the opposite of truth, which is unbalance, may not be a 23 24 economia: da versão Disney à versão Dali sexto e último problema: a o tempo racionalidade os “outros” indivíduo os colectivos o equilíbrio as preferências “In everything one thing is impossible: rationality.” 25 Friedrich Nietzsche 26 economia: da versão Disney à versão Dali o tempo os “outros” indivíduo os colectivos o equilíbrio as preferências “racionalidade” 27 economia: da versão Disney à versão Dali a “racionalidade” está para a nossa vida social como a civilização ocidental para Ghandi 28 Gandhi was once asked by a western journalist what he really thought about “western civilization” “It´s a Good Idea, It Should be Tried” 29 “The Large Watermellon”, 1973 30 31 um surrealista a comer chocolate http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rK4Bh_arF-E 32 33 34