- ECPGR Archive

Status Report of Vitis germplasm in PORTUGAL
Jorge Cunha and J.E.J. Eiras-Dias
INIAV, Quinta d’Almoinha, 2565-191 Dois Portos. Portugal
1.
Importance of the Viticulture in the country
Grapes are the most economically important fruit species in Portugal. The surface
used by vineyards is around 4.9 % of the arable land, representing 240,000 ha, being the 7th
area biggest in the world and the 4th in the European Union. Wine production occupies
236,880 ha and table grapes 3,120 ha.
In 2011 Portugal produced 5.9 million hectolitres of which 2.9 million hectolitres
were exported, making the country the 12th world wine producer. The total production of
table grapes was around 430,000 qx. Raisins production is not significant in Portugal.
2.
Collections or germplasm banks for Vitis
List of national collections for Vitis, indicating the number of: 1) Vitis vinifera
accessions; 2) other Vitis species; 3) rootstocks; 4) interspecific hybrids.
Table 1: National and regional public and private ampelographic collections
Management
INIAV
Owner
Pub.
Coordinates Number of
Lat/Long
accessions
39º 04’ N
754
9º 18’ W
INIAV
Pub.
38º 41’ N
180
9º 19’ W
DRAAlg
Pub.
DRAN
Pub.
41º 10’ N
Pub.
40º 31’ N
Santa Bárbara
DRAC
37º 07´ N
129 wine
7º 39’ W
76 table
Code
PRT 051
transfer to
PRT 010
PRT051
in renovation
PRT 068
PRT 078
PRT 079
65
7º 51’ W
International
in renovation
170
7º 33’ W
Nelas
Observations
DRAC
Lamaçais
Pub.
40º18' N
7º23' W
local
cultivars
-
DRAC
Pub.
46º26' N
local
-
8º26' W
cultivars
41º22'N
local
8º10'W
cultivars
Anadia
DRAN
Pub.
Sergude
JMF, Wine
Priv.
Priv.
38º 23´ N
180
7º 33’ W
Wine Company
PORVID
Con.
38º 38’ N
UTAD
Pub.
41º 17’ N
local
7º 44’ W
cultivars
CVRVV
Pub.
41º48' N
local
8º24' W
cultivars
12
8º 38’ W
Con. = Consortium
-
439
8º 58’ W
Company
ESPORÃO,
38º 32’ N
-
Pub. = Public
1
being installed
each variety
-
with 300 clones
Priv. = Private
The National Ampelografic Collection (PRT051) holds 691 accessions of Vitis
vinifera ssp vinifera; 30 accessions of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris; 24 accessions of
rootstocks and nine of other Vitis species.
3.
Status of characterization of the collections
The National Ampelografic Collection (PRT051) was morphologically characterized
with the OIV Descriptor List for Grape Varieties and Vitis species.
The molecular characterization was made with, at least, the six nuclear SSRs
recommended by OIV. Part of the grape varieties were characterized with 20 SSRs and the
remaining are in progress.
4.
References of germplasm collections or databases in internet
The Portuguese ampelographic collections are not available in internet.
5.
Main varieties in the country
Six white plus ten red varieties represents more than 80% of the production:
Arinto B
Fernão Pires B
Loureiro B
Malvasia Fina B
Malvasia Rei B
Síria B
6.
Azal N
Aragonez N
Baga N
Marufo N
Rufete N
Tinta Barroca N
Touriga Franca N
Touriga Nacional N
Trincadeira N
Vinhão N
Table grapes
Main varieties cultivated for production of table grapes:
Dona Maria B
Itália B
Rosaky B
Alphonse Lavallée N
Cardinal R
Moscatel de Hamburgo N
Red Globe N
7.
Selection or breeding programmes in course
In Portugal it has been considered of higher priority the selection of Portuguese
grapevine varieties (for wine production) rather than to obtain new varieties. The selection
has been carried out during the last 30 years as the aim to improve the viticultural and
enological properties (namely yield, sugar content, flavor and anthocianins in the red
cultivars). In order to minimize the genetic erosion resulting from the selection process,
clonal fields of the main wine producing Portuguese cultivars were established. At present
there are 70 grapevine clonal fields all around the country. These clonal populations,
representing the variability of Portuguese grapevine varieties, are the result of casual
selection in the prospecting missions.
In the last three years grapevine breeding programs were begin with the main goal is
to identify QTL associated with resistance to two of the most pernicious diseases infecting
grapevine, PM and GLRaV3. The Powdery Mildew (PM) Erysiphe necator (Uncinula
2
necator (Schw.) Burr.), and Grapevine Leafroll associated Virus 3 (GLRaV 3), are two of the
most severe biotic stresses in cultivated grapevine.
The F1 progenies of two pseudo-testcrosses from European Vitis vinifera L.. Wild
Vines (WV - Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris are most tolerant to PM infection and most free to
GLRaV3 diseases than Vitis vinifera varieties) x Touriga Nacional (TN- Portuguese
autochthonous cultivar, susceptible to PM infection and susceptible to GLRaV3) and TN x
WV will be used to develop a linkage map that will be saturated using polymorphic
molecular markers (SNP, SSRs and AFLPs).
The obtained genetic map will be used for the identification and location of the QTL/
genes controlling the different resistance traits.
The analysis of the QTL regions in the available Vitis vinifera sequenced genomes
will allow the identification of putative candidate genes associated with tolerance/resistance
to PM and GLRaV3. Extracted sequences will be used to amplify specific sequences and to
analyse possible allelic association in the segregating populations.
8.
Clonal selection status
So far, we have registered a total of 122 clones from 27 different cultivars in the
national grapevine catalogue (Table 2).
9.
Catalogue or reliable publication with a list of the confirmed synonymies
Currently the list of Vine varieties suitable for wine production in Portugal has the
synonymies authorized to Portuguese varieties (Anexo ‘Castas aptas à producao de vinho em
Portugal’ in Diário da Republica nº 163 17/June/2000, page 3271).
10.
Number of endangered cultivars
Near 200 cultivars are in danger, because they are not propagated.
11.
Main international varieties cultivated
Three white plus six red cultivars:
Chardonnay B
Sauvignon B
Semillon B
12.
Main rootstocks used
R99
R110
SO4
140 RU
41B
1103P
3
Alicante Bouschet N
Cabernet Sauvignon N
Carignan N
Merlot N
Pinot Noir N
Syrah N
Table 2: List of the certified Portuguese clones of grapevine cultivars.
Obtainers
UTL
clones ISA
Plansel
clones JBP
Variety
INIAV
clones EAN
Alfrocheiro T
41
Alvarinho B
Antão Vaz B
42; 43
50
Aragonez T
Arinto B
106; 110; 111; 114; 117
34; 35; 107
Bastardo T
Bical B
48
119
Castelão T
Cerceal Branco B
5; 25; 26
120
29; 30; 31; 32; 33
Fernão Pires B
Gouveio B
1
121; 122; 123
68; 69; 70; 71; 72; 73; 74
44; 45; 46; 47
54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60
36; 37; 38; 39; 40
Jaen T
91; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97
Loureiro B
Malvasia Fina B
127
81; 82; 83; 84; 85
98; 99; 100; 101; 102; 103; 104
Moreto T
Perrum B
51
128
Sercial B
Síria B
49; 105
Tinta Barroca T
Tinta Caiada T
9; 129
115; 116; 118
Touriga Franca T
Touriga Nacional T
24
16; 108; 112
75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 80
Trajadura B
Trincadeira das Pratas B 124; 125; 126
Trincadeira T
Vinhão T
6; 7; 8; 109
Viosinho B
PE 1103 P
53
4
17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23
86; 87; 88; 89; 90
10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15
61; 62; 63; 64; 65; 66; 67
PE 110 R
2
PE 140 Ru
PE 99 R 3
113
3
Plansel/ JBP - Plansel (Wine and Nursery Company) / Jorge Böhm Plansel
UTL/ISA – Universidade Técnica de Lisboa / Instituto Superior de Agronomia
INIAV/ EAN – Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária/ Estação Agronómica
Nacional
4
13.
Use of microsatellites in characterization.
A systematic characterization of all the 340 varieties admitted for wine production in
Portugal, including 243 autochthonous grape cultivars was done with the six nuclear SSRs
recommended by OIV. These studies come to prove the synonyms and homonyms that
previous morphologic descriptions had established in the past and also allowed the finding
out of new synonyms. The autochthonous grapevine cultivars are to be evaluated with 20
SSR as recommended by Laucou et al., 2011 (Theoretical and Applied Genetics 122, 12331245).
14.
Sanitary status of the propagated material.
The propagated material used in Portugal is under the EU regulation.
The sanitary status of the National Ampelografic Collection (PRT051) was assessed
for the principal viruses of grapevine (Arabic mosaic virus (ArMV), grapevine fanleaf virus
(GFLV), grapevine fleck virus (GFKV), grapevine leafroll associated virususes 1, 2, 3 and 7
(GLRaV 1, 2, 3 and 7) grapevine virus A (GVA) and grapevine virus B (GVB)).
15.
Main reference publications related to Vitis varieties or clones.
Eiras-Dias, J.E., Rolando Faustino, Pedro Clímaco, Paula Fernandes, Amândio Cruz, Jorge Cunha, Manuela
Veloso, Rogério de Castro, 2011. Catálogo das Castas para Vinho Cultivadas em Portugal, Vol. I, Instituto
da Vinha e do Vinho, Lisboa.
Böhm, J., M. Telles Antunes, R. Andrade, J. Mota Barroso, Maria J. Cabrita, Hélia Cardoso, J.E. Eiras-Dias, L.
Fernandes, P. Fevereiro, A. Figueiredo, Ó. Gato, Olga Laureano, V. Loureiro, A. Martins, N. Magalhães,
G. Nulasco, H. Oliveira, M. Salomé Pais, A. Peixe, Cecília Rego, Ó. Sequeira, C. Sequeira, J. Ricardo da
Silva, M. Manuela Veloso, 2007. Portugal vitícola. O Grande Livro das Castas. 229 p. Chaves Ferreira
Publicações, Lisboa.
16.
Occurrence of Vitis sylvestris in wild habitats
All the wild vine populations found up to now in Portugal are found in riparian woods
along small streams belonging to three large river basins: Tagus (Tejo in Portuguese),
Guadiana and Sado (Table 3). The first two rivers are common to Portugal and Spain.
Table 3: Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris Portuguese populations data: river basin; geographic
coordinates, elevation (in meters) estimated size of the population, and risk of extinction.
Population
River
Reference
basin
Code
Latitude Longitude
Elevation
(meters)
Estimated size
of the
PopRisk
population
Stª Sofia - Montemor-o-Novo
Tagus
01*ª
383641N 080524W
306
[30-40]
3
Pônsul - Castelo Branco
Guadiana - Mourão
Tagus
Guadiana
02*ª
03ª
394516N 072606W
382410N 072236W
119
128
[30-40]
0
7
9
Vale do Guiso - Alcácer do Sal
Sado
04*ª
381446N 082230W
49
[10-20]
3
Portel
Ardila - Barrancos
Guadiana
Guadiana
05*
06
381646N 073807W
380756N 065741W
197
208
[20-30]
[20-30]
7
5
Vendinha - Évora
Guadiana
07
382718N 074102W
163
[10-20]
5
Pintada - Montemor-o-Novo
Fronteira
Tagus
Tagus
08
09
383759N 081131W
390238N 074214W
204
93
[10-20]
[10-20]
5
5
Anta do Silval - Évora
Tagus
10
383645N 080329W
292
<10
5
Q. do Pinheiro - Montemor-o-Novo Tagus
S.José/Toutalga - Moura
Guadiana
11
12
383758N 081031W
380237N 071554W
234
176
[20-30]
[20-30]
5
5
Enxota tordos - Grândola
13
381327N 083022W
34
>50
3
Sado
* Wild populations studied by [28, 29]/ ª Wild populations studied by [33]
PopRisk (survival risk of the population ): 1= No Risk; 3= Some Risk; 5= Medium Risk; 7= At Risk; 9= Extinct
17.
Realization of prospections (minor cultivars, clones, Vitis species)
5
Currently, in Portugal we have four projects for prospection and preservation of minor
cultivars and clones.
18.
Is particular attention paid to preservation of clones?
At the present there are 73 fields where it is maintained the clonal variability of the
main Portuguese varieties for wine production, which are considered autochthon to Portugal.
Three additional fields were established for preservation of intraclonal variability of table
grapes Dona Maria and Ferral.
19. Are there any organizations responsible for grape germplasm, e.g. linking gene
banks or coordinating activities?
The National Institute for Agricultural Research and Veterinary I. P. (INIAV) is the
state laboratory whose mission is the pursuit of science policy and research to support public
policies aimed at the enhancement of national biological resources.
20.
Existence of national respectively regional programs/projects
Currently, in Portugal we have four projects for prospection and preservation of minor
cultivars and clones:
1) Project for Renewal and updating of the National Ampelographic Collection;
2) Project for Prospection and conservation of intravarietal genetic variability of
autochthonous vine varieties in wine-growing regions of Lisbon, Tagus and the
Setubal peninsula;
3) Project for Prospection, conservation and characterization of the genetic
variability of autochthonous vine varieties in wine-growing regions of Alentejo
and Algarve;
4) Project for Prospection and conservation of genetic variability of autochthonous
vine varieties in wine-growing Central region.
6