development of a decision-making support system for monitoring of

Transcrição

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE
GRUPO DE PESQUISA EM
BIOTECNOLOGIA E MEIO AMBIENTE
- GPBIOMA -
DEVELOPMENT OF A DECISION-MAKING
SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OF
WATER RESOURCES
Roberto Rodrigues de Souza
Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Chemical Engeneering Department,
Research Leader of GPBIOMA/CNPq/UFS, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
Email: [email protected]
Rosemeri Melo e Souza
Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Geography Department,
Research Leader of GEOPLAN/CNPq/UFS, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
Email: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Roberto Rodrigues de Souza
Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia
Departamento de Engenharia Química – Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental (LABAM)
Av. Marechal Rondon, S/N - Jardim Rosa Elze – Tel. (00 55) 79 2105-6687 / 2105-6525
CEP: 49100-000 - São Cristóvão – Sergipe - Brasil - E-mail: [email protected] ou [email protected]
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- GPBIOMA -
INTRODUCTION
Degradation and the consequent shortage of water resources is no longer only a
struggle of ardent environmentalists, to represent a serious public health problem.
The aquatic environments are used worldwide with different purposes, among
which stand out the water supply, power generation, irrigation, navigation,
aquaculture and harmony landscape. Water is, after all, the main constituent of
all living
organisms. However, in
recent
decades, this
precious
resourceis
being threatened by the improper actions of man, which ultimately results in harm
to humanity itself. (Moraes & Jordão, 2002).
The problems related to global environmental pollution and reducing the potential
of nature are the result of pressure from the global development (Krainer &
Wallace, 2003). As Pruski et al (1999), humanity has gone through several crises
such as those resulting from epidemics, lack of food and oil, and undoubtedly the
next crisis to be tackled will be energy and water availability of good quality. And
according to Becker (1998), the degradation of this resource by problems of
pollution is adding to difficulties for their use and enhancing their scarcity
and, therefore, it is import to the formulation and implementation of measures to
manage its use and preserve quality.
In the process of decision making, it is important to have available data,
information
and knowledge, but
these are usually
sparse, and
typically
represent a very significant volume in this way is necessary to use technology to
create new job options to facilitate and optimize the process of decision making.
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Technology plays a key role in both communication and storage of data,
information and knowledge for the integration of decision makers. He is also huge
potential for knowledge sharing (Angeloni, 2003).
The conditions of access to water resources are through good management and
adequate political process. The management of water resources is a way
of confronting and resolving the issues of scarcity and through the rational use, to
optimize these resources for the benefit of society. This management is performed
using procedures of integrated planning and management (SETTI et al, 2000).
According (MCINTOSH,
2003), one of
the
ways to
obtain
environmental
information involves the use of formal models as a means of exploring what might
happen with a given phenomenon in a given period of time and that this may
be a way to test hypotheses or to discover the possible effects of data
management and actions.
The integrated
modeling has
grown considerably
as a viable
tool
in aid
of environmental management. Developed and transformed to serve as models for
environmental
management
is
needed
to
define
technical
(ARGENT &HOUGHTON, 2001). As Rizzoli & Davis (1999) the
environmental
integration models, particularly
the disciplines,
and
social
problems
have
of
been
studied and recognized for many years, and the development of computer
programs are being used as a way to show them and solve them. And some of
the techniques being used to display and solve these problems makes use of object
oriented programming, modular
development and
remodeling,
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use formal programming language and user-friendly interface in the development
of programs for environmental modeling.
According GAURISO & WERTHNER (1989), there are different opinions about
what
constitutes
an
environmental
information
system
and
what
constitutes a support system for decision making. As BOOTY (2001), some argue
that a data management system can be used as a support system for decision
making in
some
applications while others consider
systems as
important
as a support
speaking, "anything"
to
system for
geographic
information
decision-decisions. Generally
help (support) a decision-making
can be
considered a decision support system (REIS et al, 2002).
The conditions of access to water resources are through good management and
adequate political process. The management of water resources is a way
of confronting and resolving the issues of scarcity and through the rational use, to
optimize these procedures for integrated planning and management (SETTI et al,
2000).
Thus the development of a software that delivers information fast, secure and easy
to
understand for
and environmental
the
user
monitoring,
is of
utmostimportance
sincethrough
this
to management
tool can provide
information about the true state of the object under study through their databases,
as well as assist in making decisions to combat and prevent pollution and
environmental degradation.
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METHODOLOGY
The methodology used in developing this project is represented in Figure 1.
Figure 1 - Flowchart of the methodology of representative system
Theoretical basis: this was done through consultations with magazines, periodicals,
books, dissertations and theses. Consisted of literature review and search
for current information on monitoring and management of water resources.
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Construction System:
- Definition of the environment and language, through consultations with books
and catalogs seek types of software programming language and an environment
more suited to our goal. Among the criteria used for choosing the language and
environment were that it was easy to understand for both the development and
implementation of a management system database and for access to their database
via the user. Based on these criteria, the language of choice was the object pascal
and the environment to be developed was the Borland Delphi 6.0, version
Interprise. Today, Delphi is the product faster to build web applications and for
applications that work with databases.
- Building the physical model: this step was the development of the methodology
of the algorithm of the system and aims to devise a user-friendly interface between
the system and the user and to ensure compliance and development of decision
support system.
- Construction of the interface: the system is being developed by Delphi, version
6.0. The Object Pascal language that Delphi uses as the base language, language is
considered a very practical, versatile, extremely stable and acts in a methodoriented programming objetos. Para work with database, Delphi 6.0 uses a system
called EDL (Borland Database Engine - Engine Borland Database), which
harmoniously integrates data from various formats such as dBase, Paradox, Access
and others. The creation of the database is done through the desktop database tool
that allows us to create, restructure, browse and edit tables to databases. Through it
we can work with tables in the format Paradox, dBase, SQL, among others.
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- GPBIOMA -
Figure 2 - Schematic of the physical structure of the RiverSystem.
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Figure 2_1 - Schematic of the physical structure of the RiverSystem.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The program was developed in four basic and fundamental steps:
- Knowledge base: the first stage consisted of a literature review of national
environmental laws and resolutions in force in the country and state, with the aim
to support the structuring and evaluation of data required by the program. Besides
the laws and resolutions, they also raise the main physical, chemical, physical,
chemical and bacteriological, their limits and their influence on behavior and
dynamics of water resources. From this information we develop the theoretical
basis of the program and were able to define the surface data that would be
required by the program so we could give plausible answers to the user and based
on the current situation of a particular water body. Recalling that the program
works as a database, so this is strictly based on user input.
- Database: This step consisted in structuring the database. The database represents
the physical file data is where data is stored in various systems, for querying and
updating by the user. The advantages of its use are: the reduction or elimination of
redundancies, eliminate inconsistencies, data sharing, security restrictions, data
standardization, data independence and maintaining integrity. Through the
database was developed our DBMS (System Manager Database), which is the
software itself. This step is the most important program because the user (manager)
will insert data from a certain point, river or basin and from these could provide the
preventive or corrective actions based on the knowledge base of the Decision
Support System developed .
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- Base models: This step is based on our previous project, which consisted of the
creation of an Empirical Model for the Salt River / SE and other models that will
be raised through the literature review. In this part of the project will be based the
structure of the DBMS, which is the software responsible for managing (storing
and retrieving) data on a database, that is, our program will be based on a system
database that consists of defining the data to the DBMS through the DDL (Data
Design Language), that is, the programming language.
- User interface: it represented the last step of our program was the development
and application program, that is, the fields were set to be used by the program. This
phase was the development of the visual application of "communication" between
the user and the database. Through this application, the user can register new data,
query the database, receive general information and / or specific about the water
quality of a particular water body. This step consisted of the functional integration
of the steps described above and resulted in our DSS (Decision Support System) or
in other words in our DBMS (System Manager Database) for Monitoring of Water
Resources of Sergipe.
Currently the vast majority of systems developed for the Windows environment,
current use in: small, medium and large enterprises, makes use of the database
developed in Xbase, Paradox, Access, etc.. Where most of the time the
programming tools for that application is created in Visual Basic, Delphi, Access,
or other language focused on object-oriented programming.
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In order to facilitate the user interface the system was developed in modules. So
when you start your system will be shown in Figure 3, which will immediately
be overlapped by another screen with the request the name and password for
the user to make it possible to perform user logon.
Figure 3 - Main screen system RIVER.
FILE: It's the first menu in our program and is divided into four sub-menus, predefined in
order to
facilitate user
interaction with
the
system:
Log Backup, Restore Backup, Access Settings, and Exit.
REGISTRATION: This is the second menu in our program and how the goal of
this project was to develop a system to support decision making, we can
consider the development of this menu as one of the fundamental steps in the
system since it constitutes the bank program data, ie, this menu is responsible
for all
records involved
in
the
system (user, watershed,
variables,
etc.).
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- GPBIOMA -
Figure 4 provides the broad outline of the physical structure of the menu as well as
their respective submenus.
Figure 4 - Menu Structure Physics "Register" River System.
CONSULTATION: This is the third menu of the program and through it the
user will be allowed to view the information entered into the database. This
menu contains the same six items described above: user, watershed, river (general
data and points), variables, laboratories, testing (physical, chemical, biological and
climatological and extras), and this is subdivided into two other sub-items: general
and customized.
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- GPBIOMA -
REPORT: this represents
the fourth menu system,
and
is
responsible for
generating reports on the system data.
LINKS:
this
menu is responsible for
providing the user
with the
email
addresses related to the theme of water resources management as a kind
of complement in search of information on the subject.
MANAGEMENT: This item is the most important system and is responsible for
supporting analysis of the results obtained for the various water bodies included in
the database. Through this menu the user can make a more precise study on the
situation of
a
particular basin, the
river,
legislation
and AQI,
resolutions,
codes related to water resources. The second
the first gives an
period. Initially insert
overview on the
two items,
contents of
laws,
is more related
to a practical part of the data analysis, we insert it CETESB the methodology
adopted for calculating the WQI(Water Quality Index), that is, in order to help the
user to obtain information "approximate "quality and the actual situation of a
given water
body,
we
find extremely
important to
present an
evaluation
method that provides data to the user so that it may assist in the process of deciding
which corrective or preventive action it should to use to circumvent or solve your
problem quickly and objectively.
ABOUT: This is the last menu system, and is divided into two basic items: help
topics and River system, and is responsible for providing technical support to the
user.
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CONCLUSIONS
System "RIVER" to support decision-making can be considered an extremely
important tool for professionals who work with planning and management of water
resources, because through its solid structure database and its user friendly
interface the user can get reliable information on the environmental quality of a
certain place and from these take corrective action and/or preventive action
to circumvent or abolish certain problem.
Because it is a system structured in a database, we were careful to develop it on a
consolidated basis, assuming that this is the core to ensure smooth operation and
security of
the
developed
system. To
ensure the
consolidation of
the
database tables developed for individual storage of data, thus avoiding overloading
the
system,
and develop forms
in an understandable and very
user
that will be
friendly
used by
interface for
users
easy data
entry and perform the tasks required in the system. Another point worth noting
is that concerns the generation of a tool that was able to provide input in decisionmaking process, to ensure our goal we use a database structured in theoretical
resolutions,
codes,
standards
and methodologies adopted by
the
major agencies study the environmental resources of the country.
Thus we can say that the system have River in context of a set of basic tools and
essential for the study of the environmental situation of a particular water
environment and that through their theoretical basis and your database you can
define the measures be taken to improve or maintain environmental quality of
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water resources of interest. It is noteworthy that because it is a tool of
environmental nature is required to update their constant and that due to the
complexity of natural environments provided the data are only approximations of
reality.
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development of a decision-making support system for monitoring of

Transcrição

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