timor-‐leste: the local, the regional and the global: a tlsa research

Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference TIMOR-­‐LESTE: THE LOCAL, THE REGIONAL AND THE GLOBAL: A TLSA RESEARCH CONFERENCE Timor Leste iha Kontextu Lokal, Rejional no Global: Konferensia TLSA nian Timor-­‐Leste: O Local, Regional e Global: Uma Conferência da TLSA Timor-­‐Leste: Lokal, Regional dan Global: Konferensi TLSA ABSTRACTS 5th Timor-­‐Leste Studies Association (TLSA) conference Liceu Campus, National University of Timor-­‐Lorosa’e (UNTL), Dili, Timor-­‐Leste, 9 – 10 July 2015 Co-­‐hosted by National University of Timor-­‐Lorosa’e (UNTL), Swinburne University of Technology, and the University of Lisbon Supported by the Presidency of the Republic of Timor-­‐Leste Alphabetical list of conference abstracts by first author’s surname 1 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Acacio Cardoso Amaral & Joana da Costa Freitas UNTL Prevalence of Ascaris Suum in Pigs Timor Leste Ascaris suum is widely distributed throughout the world. It is most prevalent in countries where pigs are raised extensively without proper treatment. Research on this parasite at national level based sound epidemiological knowledge was never conducted. Therefore the objective of this research was to know the prevalence of Ascaris suum in Timor Leste based on sound epidemiological knowledge. This research was conducted in 6 villages in 3 districts (Aileu, Bobonaro and Viqueque) representing the 13 districts in Timor Leste (the districts and villages were selected randomly). Ninety six faecal samples were collected from each Suco (96 x 3 = 288). These faecal samples were examined using McMaster technique to see the presence of Ascaris suum in their faeces. The result of examination shows that the prevalence of this parasite was 30% (86 samples out 288 were positive). The positive samples mostly related to the habit of pigs owners who use pigs’ pen as their toilets. It is recommended to relevant ministries (MAF and MoH) to do extension services to raise public awareness and it is suggested to conduct a similar research on children living within such vicinity to see the impacts on human health. Acacio Cardoso Amaral, Joana da Costa Freitas, Ana Maria da C. G. Noronha UNTL The Prevalence of Toxocara Vitulorum in Balinese Cattle Calves in the Western Region of Timor-­‐Leste Toxocara vitulorum is a large, creamy-­‐white round worm up to 30 cm long and 5mm in diamater. T. vitulorum is widely distributed and is a serious parasite that affects young cattle, especially in tropical countries. The prevalence of this parasite reported in bovine calves were over 30 % (Devi et al., 2000). The mortality rates of calves ranged from 21% to 50% (Makundi et al., 1996). The prevalence of this parasite in Timor Leste was first reported by Amaral (2003). In a pilot study conducted by Amaral (2003), it was found that the prevalence of T. vitulorum was 54% (13/24). However the sample size for the pilot studywere few (24 samples over 3 districts, Aileu, Covalima and Liquica) and it was not conducted based on sound epidemiological knowledge. Therefore, the purpose of this survey was to measure the prevalence of T.vitulorum in the Western Region of Timor Leste based on sound epidemiological knowledge. The results of the survey showed that the prevalence of Toxocara vitulorum in West Region was 10.42%. This survey is one part of three surveys that have been conducted in three region of Timor Leste. Esther Anderson Monash University Coconut shells as oviposition sites for vectors of dengue and chikungunya in Same, Manufahi Dengue fever is endemic in Timor-­‐Leste, and chikungunya has been sporadically reported. Both diseases are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, the major vectors of both diseases are present in Timor-­‐Leste. In Same sub-­‐district, coconut trees (Cocos nucifera) are plentiful, and broken or cut shells are often found lying close to houses or in coconut groves bordering fields, and rainwater-­‐filled broken shells have been found to be common oviposition sites for Aedes albopictus in this area, as well as for various Armigeres, Culex and Tripteroides species. Mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis and filariasis may also oviposit in 2 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference coconut shells. Interactions between mosquito species that oviposit in coconut shells at different stages of the decay process will be discussed, and also strategies to reduce the risk of coconut shells becoming larval habitats. Lourdes Maria Alves Araújo Sekretária Jerál OPMT Prosesu Harii OPMT hodi luta ba emansipasaun Sentimentu anti koloniál ne’ebé mane inisia no organiza hahu buka nia forma iha tinan 1970 hodi hasoru ukun Portugez, lahó envolvimentu feto. Feto hahu partisipa iha polítika hafoin Revolução dos Cravos ne’ebé governu koloniál fó liberdade ba nia kolónia sira hodi harii asosiasaun polítika. Partidu polítika ne’ebé mosu fó dalan ba partisipasaun feto iha polítika. Estudu ne’e sei konsentra ba feto nia partisipasaun iha espasu ne’ebé organizasaun polítika kria liu husi aktividade partidária, movimentu estudantil, juventude no asosiasaun profesór ne’ebé sai nu’udar dalan ba introdusaun direito feto no ikusmai sai fundasaun ba formasaun organizasaun feminina. Estudu ne’e rasik mós sei haree feto nia kontribuisaun ba evolusaun konseitu emansipasaun iha Fretilin nia laran ne’ebé sai metin liu tan ho Organização Populár da Mulher Timor (OPMT) nia moris. Metódu kolesaun dadus: entrevista no estudu dokumentus. Maria Lourdes Alves Araújo e Nuno Rodriguez Tchailoro OMPT Estabelecimento da Organização Popular da Mulher Timor Em 1970 com sentido anti-­‐colonial os homens começaram a organizar em busca de uma forma contra o governo Portugês, sem a participação dos mulheres. Após a “ Revolução dos Cravos” é que as mulheres Timorenses iniciaram-­‐se a sua participação na política, quando o governo colonial Portugês deu liberdade as suas colónias autorização na constituição das assossiacões políticas. A FRETILIN com partido político abriu caminho as mulheres Timorenses no envolvimento política. Este estudo é baseado só no participação da mulher no espaço da organização política, criada através dos actividades do partido; Movimentu estudantil, Juventude e assossiação dos professores são com guias no introdução direito da mulher e ser depois como fundação para formação a organizacão femenina. Este estudo vísa-­‐se tambem na contribuição para evolução do conçeito de emancipação no seio do partido e fortificar a consolidação com a Organização Popular da Mulher Timor (OPMT). Método coleção de dados: entrevista e estudo dos documentos. Marito Araujo and Sara Niner Monash University Culturally Appropriate Behaviour Change Programs for Men in Timor-­‐Leste 3 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference This presentation will discuss some activity of various behaviour change programs in Timor-­‐Leste. We propose that for these programs to be effective they must engage with Timorese cultural expressions of masculinity and gender relations. Programs also need to recognise, support and encourage the more positive forms and practice of masculinity in TL and share these examples more broadly. An exploration of shifts in gender roles in the everyday lives of women and men is also crucial in these programs, as well as explaining how this is entirely appropriate within Timorese cultural beliefs and social systems. Examples of good practice will be presented Samuel Bacon Seeds of Life, Ministry of Agriculture Improving Farm Efficiency: Impact of innovations for corn farmers in Los Palos A farmer’s field in Los Palos was used as a testing plot for implementing recommendations from MAF/SoL for improving corn farming techniques. This was a 1.4ha field located on the Los Palos plateau with a bimodal wet season. The farmer was provided with an agri-­‐business diary to record all observations on the plot related to activities, costs, labour, pests, climate and yield. Analysis of this diary combined with onsite visits informed selection and trial of new techniques which were monitored over a period of four years. Improvements include using a new corn variety, velvet bean, optimal plant spacing, fencing, fertilizer, soil testing, pest control, shelling and storage. Yields increased progressively from 1 t/ha to 2.4t/ha while production costs per tonne decreased overall. Lessons learnt from this work were transferred to surrounding farmers and back to MAF/SoL resulting in broader impacts for corn farmers in general. Samuel Bacon & Florindo Morais Neto Seeds of Life, Ministry of Agriculture Uncovering Historical Sites: Finding the locations of historical weather station sites in Timor-­‐Leste The earliest records of weather data in Timor-­‐Leste begin in 1914. This data came from four weather stations that were brought from Portugal. Following that period there was steady increase in the number of weather stations and rainfall gauges that were usually located at historically significant sites around the country. The locations of these sites in current documentation are often inaccurate which further impacts on the application of the data. In many cases, the ruins of these sites still exist. In some cases, there is no physical evidence of these sites or the precise location is not generally known. In these instances their location depends on the knowledge of local elders. This paper seeks to document and map to a greater accuracy these historically significant sites. Sixty-­‐three sites were assessed, geo-­‐located and in some cases photographed. The work also documents some of the stories behind these unique sites. Damares Barbosa Universidade de São Paulo Roteiro da Literatura de Timor-­‐Leste em Língua Portu Apresentamos aspectos do “Roteiro da Literatura de Timor-­‐Leste em Língua Portuguesa”, tese apresentada na Universidade de São Paulo, no Brasil, em 2013, que teve como escopo reunir e comentar a Literatura de Timor-­‐Leste em língua portuguesa, tendo como base os textos de 4 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference escritores timorenses e, também, escritores lusófonos que escreveram sobre Timor. A pesquisa apresenta, de maneira geral, algumas lendas, poesias dos escritores politicamente engajados e os romances escritos na diáspora, que procuram identificar as principais questões sócio-­‐político-­‐
culturais que estiveram no horizonte dos timorenses em diferentes momentos de sua história. Da mesma forma, as obras analisadas procuram delinear a imagem que o conjunto desses textos acabou por produzir do Timor na contemporaneidade. Ainda, vale ressaltar, que o trabalho realizado produziu frutos, tais como: curso de extensão “Timor-­‐Leste: Literatura, Política e Sociedade” e a criação de um grupo de estudos voltado para a questão timorense, na Universidade de São Paulo. Abílio António Freitas Belo The Role of the Government and Relevant NGO Agencies in the Prevention of Violence against Women in the Context of Timor-­‐Leste This research aims to pinpoint, determine and identify (1) Why the issue of domestic violence against women still occurs and becomes rampant in Timor Leste, (2) What are the common forms of violence against women in Timor Leste, (3) What is the role of Government and the relevant NGO´s, Agencies in the prevention of Domestic Violence problems in Timor Leste, and (4) What are the prevention mechanisms offered by the Government and NGO´s in addressing the issue of violence against women in Timor Leste. This research is a qualitative study conducted in Timor Leste. The data collection mechanism for this research will target the key people in the relevant institution of the Government such as SEM (Secretario Estado das Mulheres) and relevant NGO´s, Agencies which are dealing with issues of Domestic violence in Timor Leste context. Cristina Jeronimo Benevides & Lucia Viana Branco Gender Analysis of Oxfam Savings and Loans Groups in Timor-­‐Leste Development programs designed to establish Savings and Loans Groups or Grupu Rai no Impresta Osan have been implemented in Timor-­‐Leste during Indonesian times and over the last fifteen years as part of various umbrella programs. Although these programs were never designed as a specific gender empowerment initiative agencies believe that women, especially those in women-­‐only groups, benefit significantly (similar to beliefs about the benefits to women of microfinance). Development agencies hope that women take up roles of leadership within these groups and participate in decision-­‐making on granting loans and that this facilitates not just processes of economic empowerment for women but also social empowerment and wider social change. There are few studies of the social dynamics of mixed-­‐gender groups and how women fare in these compared to women only groups. Furthermore, accounts do not record any negative impacts for women-­‐-­‐such as increased work burdens or any kind of ‘backlash’ against them for any perceived challenges to established gender relations. This research will report on these potential negative aspects and also what are the factors that enable women to participate, lead and benefit within both mixed-­‐gender and women-­‐only groups. Grupo Rai no Empresta Osan iha Timor-­‐Leste: Jéneru analiza Entre Rai no Impresta Osan (GREO) ho mickrokreditu programa ne’e halao parte husi mikrofinansas, programa dezenvolve ne’e halao husi NGO no Governo haleu iha mundu. Sira mos bolu programa financial inklusivu. Programa ne’e targetu liu ba komunidade kiak iha mundial, dalabarak ba feto sira 5 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference hodi ajuda sira nia moris husi kiak no moris iha finansial ne’ebe seguru. ‘Arisan’ ou USBP iha introdusaun ona ba populasaun iha tempu Indonesia ka modelu Timorense ne’ebe eziste ona antes ida ne’e no oinsa ida ne’ebe bele kompara no integra ho modelu introdus. Modelu ne’e iha introdus ona husi programa dezenvolvimentu oi-­‐oin hahu husi tinan 1999 no balu mos tama iha strutura programa koperasaun vida moris. Ida ne’e bele sai keisa katak grupo balu iha suku bele hola parte ka uluk sai ona parte husi inisiativa oi-­‐oin husi programa NGO oi-­‐oin no hetan vantajen husi programa trainamentu no servisu integradu. Ita hakarak buka atu hatene kona ba oinsa feto ho mane iha esperensia ba grupo ne’e no oinsa sira hetan benefisiu husi ne’e. Oxfam ho NGO seluk sente katak programa ida ne’e diak ba feto sira atu aumenta tan sira iha formal partisipasaun iha grupo no iha parte formal atu foti desijaun, grupo lideransa, no aumenta sira nia konesimentu iha literasia ho numerasaun. Sira mos espera ida ne’e mos bele ajuda feto sira atu hakbiit sira nia an rasik konesimentu no desenvolve sira nia moris. Termu dezenvolvimentu “hakbiit” (hetan forsa iha ita nia moris tomak) NGO mos espera buat sira ne’e hotu bele iha mudansa sosial entre feto ho mane no hetan oportunidade nebe hanesan iha moris komunidade. Espera katak ida ne’e mos bele haforsa deit feto iha programa GR&EO. Pesikza ida ne’e bele hatudo impacto negative nomos bele identifika tamba saida mak feto labele partisipa, lideira no benefisiu intermo parte rua-­‐ gender no ba grupu feto deit. Lynda-­‐ann Blanchard University of Sydney Peace Tourism in Timor-­‐Leste: Human Security through International Citizenship As a case study, Timor-­‐Leste highlights international approaches to peace-­‐building in a “fragile state” as involving “outcomes-­‐based”, “short-­‐term” projects costing over US$5,200 million in aid money, “one of the highest amounts per capita spent anywhere in the world”. Since 2005 and in conversation with government and community leaders in the development of tourism policy and practice, ideas for an alternative approach have emerged in the conceptualisation of peace tourism in Timor-­‐Leste. That is, a more sustainable approach to tourism may begin with addressing local human security concerns together with local leaders’ perspectives about peace, in the development of nation-­‐building policy. As an action-­‐research endeavour, the aim is to engage disenfranchised youth in nation-­‐building policy development and delivery as a model of peace tourism. Bob Boughton and Deborah Durnan University of New England We’ve been spying on you for decades. ASIO and the early Australian solidarity movement By the time Indonesia invaded Timor-­‐Leste in December 1975, solidarity activists in Australia had been working for over 12 months with FRETILIN and other international solidarity and liberation movements. This early work is sometimes overshadowed in studies of the role of international solidarity in the independence struggle, partly because of the great upsurge in activity after the 1991 Santa Cruz massacre. Many of the most influential activists were members of communist and socialist organisations, and had a radical anti-­‐imperialist, anti-­‐colonialist ideology. This perspective was shared by key FRETILIN leaders with whom they worked closely, often in clandestine and semi-­‐
clandestine ways. Because of this, they became targets of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) which maintained extensive surveillance from 1974 onwards, on both the Australians and their FRETILIN comrades. This paper utilises extracts from partially-­‐ released ASIO 6 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference files to tell a story of this solidarity work between 1974 and 1978, and to draw some contemporary lessons. Judith Bovensiepen University of Kent Playing with the future, waiting for development: an anthropological study of the petroleum industry In this paper I would like to present some preliminary findings from my ongoing research on the hopes and expectations towards the petroleum industry in Timor-­‐Leste, looking specifically at the Tasi Mane infrastructure project to be built along the south coast of the country. The focus will be on both hopes and criticisms of the petroleum industry and on the way these are articulated. The paper will delineate three different positions: first, the game-­‐like approach of decision-­‐makers who emphasises the importance of taking risks to attract investors; secondly, the immense hopes that the Tasi Mane project raises in relation to economic prosperity and job prospects, explicit in the imaginary of Timor-­‐Leste as the new Singapore; and thirdly, the criticisms in terms of the economic and technical non-­‐viability of the project, as well as the detrimental consequences of the resource curse. By analysing the frictions between these positions, it seeks to understand some of the contradictions inherent in petroleum-­‐based economies. Christine Cabasset International Adviser for the Ministry of Education of Timor-­‐Leste / Higher Education Associate researcher to the Southeast Asia Center (CASE; French CNRS -­‐ Paris) and to the Research Institute on Contemporary Southeast Asia (IRASEC – French CNRS – Bangkok) Governance, Climate Change, and Local Governments’ Capacities in Southeast Asia Our paper focus on governance, especially applied to Territory planning and development -­‐ in which tourism’s -­‐ in Southeast Asia. An increasing urbanization and pressure is taking place especially on coastal areas including small islands, where the majority of the population and tourism resorts is settled. Large-­‐scale programs are regularly implemented disregarding climate change and more generally sustainable development concerns. Significantly, Jakarta and Manila rank as the most vulnerable cities to climate change and less liveable cities (Savage 2012: 234). Generally speaking, Southeast Asian cities are still very much marked by the lack of adequate water supply, sanitation, drainage, solid waste collection systems, by air, soil, and water pollution, and by greenhouse gas emissions. Economic development and spatial changes are transforming the coastal landscape, but the apparent modernization occurs without pushing real welfare progress or Poverty/inequality decrease (UN-­‐DESA, 2013). Our paper’s objective is to highlight the contribution of local governance to climate change, especially on socio-­‐economical matters, through case studies at national and local level. A wide set of endogenous and exogenous explicative factors will remind both how complex is the phenomenon, and how crucial are efforts and policies to address it. Estêvão Cabral University of Birmingham Life and death in the mountains of Timor-­‐Leste: the case of Ponta-­‐Leste 7 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference After the Indonesian invasion of 1975, most of the population in Ponta-­‐Leste was evacuated to the mountains. In this presentation, I will give a detailed account of the ways in which this evacuation took place. In the eastern areas of Baucau, Viqueque and Los Palos, people were gradually moved further and further towards the mountain of Matebian. The successive population movements were facilitated by the political and administrative structure put in place by FRETILIN, including the comités regionais (regional committees) and the comités das zonas (the zone committees). Health care and food production/distribution were also organised through these local structures. FALINTIL served as a buffer between the civilian population and the advancing Indonesia troops. However, as the Indonesian army launched its ‘encirclement and annihilation’ campaign, in mid-­‐1977, the civilians and the FALINTIL forces came under intense pressure. During this period, many civilians died due to bombardments, ground attacks and starvation. Afinso Candido UNTL Jestaun rekursu umanu iha Ministeriu Estatal Ministerio de Aministracao Estatal sai importante teb-­‐tebes iha demokratizasaun sistema Governasaun, ne’ebe signifika habelar partisipasaun povu nian iha prosesu hari nasaun no luta ba moris diak no justa. Tinan hirak ikus ne’e governu promove politika desentralizasaun ne’ebe sei sai dalan id a atu hametin partisipasaun povu nian, no kria programa sira hanesan Programa Nacional Dezenvolvimentu Suco. Internalmente atu fo apoiu ba formasaun rekursu umanu mak Governo hamosu Institutu ba Administrasaun Publika hodi hakbiit funsionariu sira. Peskiza ida ne’e identifika distribuisaun rekursu umanu entre Ministerio ida nivel nasional no distritu sira; analiza konaba servisu INAP nian no identifika mekanismu seluk ne’ebe ejiste hodi kontribui ba jestaun rekursu umanu. Michael Clancy Your friends do not forget you: early Australian activism on the ‘Timor Issue’ 1975 – 1979 Several researches have acknowledged the role of international solidarity and human rights activists in the achievement of Timor-­‐Leste’s independence, yet the balance of analysis has focussed on activism after 1991, when the violence of the Indonesian occupation was captured on film and became impossible for international audiences to ignore. On the fortieth anniversary of the Indonesian invasion, this paper focuses on the role of Melbournebased Australian activists in supporting the resistance and challenging the legitimacy of the occupation in 1975-­‐79. Whilst their ideas and activities resonated with the public, these activists struggled to achieve an impact on government policy or international opinion. This paper will discuss the strategies and expectations of these early activists, linking their early regional role and the success and otherwise of their campaigns, with the trends that emerged in later international activism. In this context, Australian activism can be seen as a first step towards international activism, which would coalesce after 1991. Peter Clements Clements Aspani Pty Ltd Architects 8 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Towards an Architecture of Appropriate Technology in Timor-­‐Leste An Architecture of Appropriate Technology should take into account not only regional differences in climate and topography, but also engage with local culture, class, economy and history of place. Although Appropriate Technology was originally an engineering concept, in the field of cultural construction such as Architecture A.T. offers solutions that strengthen local identity and economy to create authentic built form, while engaging with complex issues of class and status-­‐seeking. But what is Architecture, what is Appropriate Technology, and how is this relevant to Timor Leste? One definition of Architecture is the design and construction of “Stately and Superb” monuments to the State and other dominant institutions in society. But a more socially minded definition must include the multitude of socially useful buildings such as schools, hospitals, markets, houses and places of employment and leisure. This paper will explore issues of Appropriate Technology in the field of Architecture in Timor Leste, as it relates to sustainable development, regional identity and local economy. Sophia Close Australian National University East-­‐Timorese Voices on Self-­‐determination, Development and Peacebuilding Since 1999 East-­‐Timorese peoples have embraced development to achieve their goals of self-­‐
determination and peace. However, there continues to be substantial violence, actual, structural and cultural, in East-­‐Timorese communities, some of which is exacerbated or triggered by international development interventions. Between 2009 and 2013 I interviewed a range of experienced East-­‐Timorese development and peacebuilding practitioners seeking their views on the root causes of development-­‐related conflict in Timor-­‐Leste – and their suggestions about how to better achieve self-­‐determination. This paper is a summary of my PhD field research findings. In it I argue that Indigenous East Timorese knowledge systems provide a radically different worldview from that which informs the current development system in Timor-­‐Leste. I provide examples of how development practitioners can transform their practice and better support East-­‐Timorese goals of peace and self-­‐determination by valuing and empowering Indigenous knowledges. Estêvão Cabral & Marilyn Martin-­‐Jones Tilburg University; University of Birmingham Languages and cultural resources in the creation of new diasporic spaces: young migrants from Timor-­‐Leste in the UK This presentation is based on sociolinguistic research in progress with young men and women from Timor-­‐Leste currently working in the UK. The spatial trajectories of these young migrants have been diverse, though many have followed the long-­‐established Portuguese migration routes into the rural sector in England and Northern Ireland. There, they have entered precarious forms of employment, often working in meat-­‐processing centres or chicken farms. Our research involves multi-­‐site ethnography and it is addressing the following questions: What are the local, rural conditions of employment and settlement? How are these young Timorese re-­‐orienting their lives in the UK 9 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference context? What challenges are they facing? How are they drawing on different linguistic and cultural resources as they create new diasporic spaces, while sustaining transnational ties? The orienting theory for this research comes from the relatively new, transdisciplinary field of the sociolinguistics of globalization and, specifically, the study of language and migration. Alan Silvio Ribeiro Carneiro University of Cape Town Um estudo etnográfico a partir do olhar de professores formados e estudantes em formação de língua portuguesa de Timor-­‐Leste sobre as políticas linguísticas locais A Constituição timorense define como línguas oficiais do país o português e o tétum e define o indonésio e o inglês como línguas de trabalho, o país tem enfrentado uma série de desafios para a implementação das políticas linguísticas e educacionais locais. A cooperação brasileira e a cooperação portuguesa têm tido um papel importante na formação de professores através de diversas iniciativas. Dentro desse contexto, esta comunicação tem como foco compreender a visão de professores formados e estudantes em formação de um desses projetos -­‐ o curso de Língua Portuguesa da Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa’e (UNTL) -­‐ em relação às políticas linguísticas locais. Os resultados da pesquisa empreendida, alcançados através da análise de narrativas de vida desses professores e estudantes, apontam para como nos discursos dos participantes da pesquisa, as políticas linguísticas, ao longo da história, emergem como intrinsecamente vinculadas às disputas mais amplas por hegemonia política no território. Carlos Carreira "CEUTA" -­‐ Um laço lusófono Em 1960 o Governo Português decidiu assinalar o V centenário da morte do Infante D. Henrique com a criação de um monumento a replicar nas possessões ultramarinas. O projecto vencedor, da autoria do pintor e escultor Severo Portela Junior, denominado “CEUTA”, encontra-­‐se ainda hoje presente em 8 cidades da Lusofonia. Em Timor-­‐Leste, este monumento encontra-­‐se em Díli, frente ao Palácio do Governo, onde foi então erigido e onde se mantém, após restauro recente. Hoje, longe de constituir um símbolo do domínio sobre um povo, e repre-­‐sentando pouco mais que a ténue memó-­‐ria de uma época em que a arte tinha uma função eminentemente ideológica e política, o Padrão Henriquino poderá antes simbolizar o estreitar de laços e o fomento de novas formas de diálogo, constituindo um fac-­‐tor privilegiado de aproximação entre povos com um passado em comum, dando o seu contributo para um maior respeito pela diversidade, enquanto factor de paz e coe-­‐são social. Sophia Cason & Diana Fernandez The Asia Foundation Economic Dimensions of Domestic Violence in Timor-­‐Leste This report seeks to better understand the economic factors influencing women’s decision-­‐making when experiencing domestic violence, particularly in relation to their choice of whether to leave or remain in an abusive environment. Timor-­‐Leste’s economy is heavily influenced by gender and 10 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference markedly unequal. Women are engaged in constant, diverse, and low level income generation leaving them relatively immobile, and fearful that disruptions in their routine would quickly leave them and their children with no safety net. Perceived economic dependence of women upon their husbands and partners is also a factor in many court decisions on domestic violence. Of the women who were victims of abuse that were interviewed in this study, most felt that their personal finances had improved since they left their partners. While the small sample of interviews for this study should not be interpreted as suggesting that all women who separate from their husbands will see their economic situation improve, it does suggest that the prevailing assumption that women cannot support their families post-­‐separation needs to be challenged. Louise Cook-­‐Tonkin Experienced TVET system worker in Timor Leste Achieving relevance and responsiveness in TVET education and training -­‐ achievements and challenges A great deal of effort has been put into development of Timor-­‐Leste’s TVET system with support from bilateral partners, substantial in-­‐country inputs from a number of committed actors and the sustained planning of the National Strategic Plan. Much has been achieved, and this is worthy of reflection. However, considering the training goals of the National Strategic Plan to have a skills ready and trained workforce though, some gaps still exist. Based on interviews and surveys with employers and governance of the sector, this paper will consider the significant challenges remaining to address skills gaps and create a functioning and integrated TVET system in Timor Leste. Development of the TVET system in Timor-­‐Leste will be considered taking Construction and Automotive training as an example and outlining the key challenges for employers, training centres and SEPFOPE/Ministry of Education in finding the best way forward. Makhakerek: Katy Cornwell, Brett Inder no Gaurav Datt Universidade Monash Pobreza Multidimensional iha Timor-­‐Leste Hodi halo evaluasaun iha dezenvolvementu, mak importante tebes iha kapasidade ba sukat indikator progresu principal. Peskiza ida-­‐ne’e buka tuir sasukat pobreza. Peskiza ida-­‐ne’e explika arti sasukat pobreza ne’ebe konta liu-­‐liu, ne’e mak pobreza konsumsaun, no mos sasukat pobreza ne’ebe foin dezenvolve, ne’e mak indikator pobreza multidimensional (MPI). Depois ne’e fo rezultadu MPI ba Timor-­‐Leste, hatudu tren ba tempu no diferensia ba distritu iha dimension balun. Ida ne’e hatudu area ne’ebe progresu diak mos ne’ebe la dun diak. Peskiza ida-­‐
ne’e mos halo diskuti konaba opsaun ba sasukat MPI ne’ebe espesifiku ba Timor-­‐Leste. Eugenia Urania Correia UNTL Rekursu Umanu ne’ebe kualifikadu sei implementa Politika Ministeriu hodi hetan auto-­‐sufisiensia aihan 11 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Aihan ne’ebe naton no kualidade naturalmente sai objektivu prinsipal Ministeriu Agrikultura e Pescas. Peskiza ida ne’e argumenta katak kualidade rekursu umanu sai faktor fundamental ida ba implementasaun politika Ministeriu nian hodi bele hetan objektivu produsaun aihan ne’ebe naton ho kaulidade ba sidasaun sira. Uza metodu intervista ho ema save sira iha Ministeriu, no staff sira; halo analiza ba dokumentu sira ne’ebe Ministeriu produz, peskiza ida sei identifika politika, nesesidade no estratejia formasaun rekursu umanu intra-­‐Ministerial no formasaun agrikultor iha sira base, no kolokasaun Orcamento Geral do Estado annual historikamente ba area agrikultura Identifikasaun ba kooperasaun bilateral no ho Organizasaun Nao Governamentais (NGO) sira, durante ne’e, mak oferese mos apoiu rekursu umanu sai mos alvu ba peskiza ida ne’e. Filomena de Almeida Membru Organização Popular da Mulher Timor Luta Feto Timor iha Diaspora Invazaun no okupasaun Indonesia, halo feto barak tenke husik Timor no hela namkari iha rai oin-­‐oin. Feto hirak ne’ebé hela iha diaspora kontinua kaer metin sira nia identidade nu’udar Timor oan hodi kontribui ba luta libertasaun nasionál. Estudu ne’e atu haree kona-­‐ba oinsá feto iha diaspora, liu-­‐liu Portugal, Mozambique no Australia nia partisipsaun ba independénsia nasionál. Women in the diaspora The Indonesian invasion and occupation forced many women to leave Timor-­‐Leste and live in different countries. These women in the diaspora continued to maintain and defend their identity as Timorese by contributing to the national liberation struggle. This study will focus on women’s role in the diaspora, specifically in Portugal, Mozambique and Australia in the struggle for national independence for Timor-­‐Leste. Benjamim de Araújo e Corte-­‐Real INL, UNTL Tetun-­‐Prasa no nia kbiit improvizasaun -­‐ kuidadu ruma! Ilas ida importante husi Tetun-­‐Prasa mak ninia kbiit improvizasaun. Ne’e hahalok luflafu eh soinsala uitoan bainhira ema buka haroo ba lian portugés hodi bele hahisik kuran sira iha lian tetun. Ba ema barak, hahalok ne’e sai tiha nu’udar lala’ok-­‐badaen be tulun hariku lian tetun, hodi sai modernu no kompletu. Maibé, iha prosesu ida-­‐ne’e, mosu erru oinoin, maske sosiedade dun husik hela! Ezemplu mak liafuan ka espresaun sira hanesan “refere”, “hatete husi”, nsst, ne’ebé ema barak uza latuir regra gramatikál. Tan ne’e, knaar ida ba linguista sira mak temi sai filafila erru hirak ne’e, fó-­‐hatene regra sira no tulun sosiedade haloos fali. Lian portugés, nu’udar lian-­‐beluk ba tetun, hetan fatin espesiál iha prosesu ne’e. Ne’e duni, hala’o análize kontrastiva entre lian rua ne’e importante tebetebes atu timoroan sira bele hatene no uza lian rua ne’e loloos no didi’ak. Deborah Cummins Bridging Peoples 12 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference The ‘Imperative to Develop’: Possibilities for Nurturing Community-­‐Sensitive Development in Timor-­‐
Leste Drawing on six years’ research into national and local perspectives on local development, this paper explores the challenges and possibilities of bringing community development principles into mainstream international development theory and practice. While it is common to engage in lively debate over how the development industry should do its work, it is rare to question its underlying basis – the modernist ‘imperative to develop’ -­‐ and to unpack what this phrase actually means from communities’ perspective. This paper examines different approaches to international development as they have been applied over the years in local Timorese communities, contrasting these with the theory and practice of community development. It then traces the different epistemological underpinnings of these two schools of thought, and asks the question of what it would take – in theory and in practice – to combine them to form a single approach: community-­‐sensitive development. Sara Currie Swinburne University of Technology Key factors in marketing Timor-­‐Leste as a tourist destination While tourism prospers across the Asia-­‐Pacific and contributes to economic development for many of its neighbours, Timor-­‐Leste continues to be perceived internationally as anything from war-­‐torn and dangerous, to overpriced and hard to reach, to simply ‘unknown’. This paper argues that the nation’s ‘image’ is one of the key barriers to growing tourism in Timor-­‐
Leste. It contends that a destination marketing strategy, developed in coordination with key stakeholders, is essential for Timor-­‐Leste both to help overcome the negative image and generate a new and positive identity that emphasises the destination’s strengths and unique character. This work will take a practical approach and present primary research findings derived from qualitative interviews with 42 of the Timor-­‐Leste’s tourism stakeholders. The results include an analysis of the current Timor-­‐Leste tourism product, its strengths and opportunities for promotion and potential target markets. The paper will conclude by presenting three brand options and tactical suggestions for a destination marketing strategy. Alexandre Amaral da Cruz Hasae produsaun hare liu-­‐hosi tempu adaptasaun ba ambiente Hare hanesan aihoris ne’ebe produs fos ne’ebe oferese nutrisaun ba povu Timor-­‐Leste. Maske nune’e, produsaun hare iha Timor-­‐Leste sei menus tamba agrikultor sira sedauk tau importansia ba iha tempu muda hare fini hosi fatin viverus ba iha fatin ne’ebe atu kuda ba. Ho nune’e peskiza ida ne’e atu hare liu konaba impaktu hosi tempu muda fini ba nian kresimentu no rejultado produsaun ba iha variadade hare hanesan variedade Nakroma IR64 no Membramo hodi bele hatene lolos tempu ne’ebe diak ba variedade aihoris hare. Pesquiza eksperimentasaun halo iha suku Sarin postu Aileu Villa no Municipiu Aileu ne’ebe hahu hosi fulan Agostu 2013 to’o iha fulan Febreiro 2014. Peskiza ida ne’e uza metodu random kompletu 13 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference ne’ebe fahe ba fatores (3). Fator primeiru mak tempu atu muda aihoris ne’ebe fahe ba parte tolu mak hanesan u1 tempu muda aihoris ho nia idade loron 12 husi viverus U2: tempu muda loron 18 no U3: tempu muda husi viverus iha loron 24. Vatores segundu mak variedade aihoris hare mak hanesan: variedade Nkroma IR64 ho Membramo. Zacarias F. da Costa UNTL Atendimentu Publiku no Dezenvolvimentu Kapital Humanu iha SEPFOPE SEPFOPE nu´udar sekretaria de estadu ne´ebe responsável ba konsepsaun, ezekusaun, koordenasaun no avaliasaun ba politika ne´ebe defini no aprova ona hosi konselu ministru iha areia Trabalho, Formasaun Professional no Empregu, ne´ebe iha orientasaun hosi Primeiru Ministru. Papel dezenvolvimentu iha área forsa trablhador mak oinsa atu prepara no kria rekursu humanu ne´ebe ho kualidade, neébe iha papel importante iha prosesu dezenvolvimentu nasional iha parte hotu. Alende neé, rekursu humanu mos sai importante no hanesan aset importante ida ba SEPFOPE atu atinje objetivu dezenvolvimentu nasional. Rejultadu no kualidade servisu determina husi ema ne´ebe hala´o servisu la´os instrumentu ne´ebe nia uza hodi hala´o servisu. Instrumentu ne´ebe uza ne´e bele diak oinsa mos, maibe kualidade servisu sei determina husi rekursu humanu ne´ebe hala´o servisu. Forsa trabalho sai hanesan rekursu ekonomia hatudu ba nain iha servisu ruma, hala´o atividade servisu, okupa hela servisu fatin ne´ebe iha, no kria servisu fatin ba ema seluk. Problema ne´ebe ikus ne´e sai preokupasaun mak kriasaun fatin servisu, hamenus dezempregu, dezenvolvimentu rekursu humanu, ne´ebe presija no nesesita duni trabalhador profesional independente, produtivu no kompetitivu. Atu kria no prepara rekursu humanu, liuliu forsa servisu ne´ebe kualifikadu hodi responde ba nesesidade bazar, aspetu edukasaun no formasaun sai hanesan esforsu hodi dezenvolve rekursu humanu enjeral no partikular dezenvolvimentu forsa servisu sai hanesan obrigatorio no nesesidade ne´ebe urjente iha tempo ohin loron. Hodi kria no prepara rekursu humanu ho kualidade ne´e sai responsabilidade ema hotu nian, entre sira ne´e ida mak governu. Todan no resposabilidade ba asuntu forsa servisu iha Timor – Leste hanesan kna´ar husi Secretaria de Estado para a politica da Formação Professional e Emprego (SEPFOPE). Nune´e peskiza ne´e atu buka hatene no eksplora funsionalismu no atendimentu publiku iha área oinsa hamenus desempregu iha Timor – Leste; prosesu planeamentu, kuantidade no kualidade rekursu humanum inkluidu susesu, problema no perspektiva atu hadi´a atendimentu ba oin iha SEPFOPE. Metodu ne´ebe utiliza iha peskiza ne´e aprosimasaun kualitativu-­‐deskriptivu. Signifika katak dadus ne´ebe hetan tantu husi intrevista no dokumentu sei deskreve kualitativamente iha relatório final. Dadus ba peskiza ne´e mak halibur husi intrevista ba dirasaun relevante sira iha SEPFOPE, halibur opiniaun hosi media, dokumentu relevante hosi sekretaria de Estadu no diskusaun rutina ho kolega peskizador sira hodi haklean analiza. Rejultadu peskiza liu hosi detektasaun dokumentu relevante no dada lia informal ne´ebe hala´o durante ne´e hatudu katak planeamentu baibain hala´o liu hosi dirasaun ida-­‐idak, iha ne´ebe involve funsionario ne´ebe hakna´ar-­‐an iha dirasaun refere. Hafoin hato´o ba dirasaun jeral hodi rezumu sai hanesan planu anual ba SEPFOPE. Nune´e mos relatório, hanesan mos instituasaun estadu seluk ne´ebe produs relatório regular trimestralmente. Dezenvolvimentu kapital humanu internalmente iha SEPFOPE liu hosi programa kadi kakutak no involve funsionario hodi halo notulen no lidera inkontro. Programa ne´e hala´o atu rikeza no aumente konesimentu no kapasidade funsionario hodi lidera departamentu no dirasaun ruma 14 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference wainhira hetan oportunidade. Iha mos kapasitasaun ba funsionario eksternalmente, tantu iha Timor – Leste rasik no mos iha rai liur. Maske nune´e seidauk no menus tebtebes valorizasaun ba rekursu humanus, iha ne´ebe licennsiadu barak no mestradu balun mak sei goza grau E. Rojino Da Cunha Ho variedade introduz, bele aumenta fini hare rai maran iha rai-­‐laran Liu husi peskiza ida nee atu ajuda natar nain sira hasae produsaun no hetan hare rai-­‐maran varidades foun nebe mak iha produsaun boot no adapta ho ita nia iklima, maioria toos nain iha municipio12 iha interese ho toos nebe luan atu kuda, maibe sidauk hetan fini hare rai-­‐maran ho tekniku nebe diak. Iha tinan 2010 husi Dirasaun Peskiza (MAP) introdus hare rai-­‐maran (Oryza sativa L.) husi Centro IRRI hamutuk iha varidade 100 atu kuda, kada varidades ida lina 1 too 2, Inklui mos lokal oin 3, total 103 nebe mak koko no kuda iha Centro peskiza Darasula/Baucau, hanesan Peskisa observasaun atu hare liu-­‐liu nia resistensia kada aihoris ba moras, tempo funan, no sst, depois de koileta halo selesaun kuda fali hamutuk varidade 25 inklui varidades lokal atu halo peskiza kontinusaun ba replikasaun oin 3 no uja dezenu (RCBD)randomadu completu bloku dezenu kada tinan. Tuir dadus hatudu katak iha varidade oin (12) iha tinan 2014 fo resultdo produsaun rata-­‐rata boot liu varidade lokal mak hanesan:RO03, RO12, RO06 ,RO92, RO9 ,RO29 ,RO48 ,RO102, RO43, RO24, RO49 (2.33 t/ha),lokal (1.06 t/ha), nunee nomos iha variedade oin ida RO99 mak funan lalais liu, no iha variedade oin 3 mak fo resultado produsaun konsisten iha tinan 3 nia laran. Dulce Marques Dili Institute of Technology A “timorização” dos apelidos portugueses O sistema de dar apelido aos filhos em Timor normalmente não é um sistema fixo, como em Portugal. Pode ser apelidos dos pais, dos padrinhos dos avos ou os nomes próprios dos pais, dos tios e dos avos. Esses resultados obtidos através das entrevistas entre 50 pessoas sobre os seus apelidos e dos seus irmãos, e fizemos uma comparação entre o sistema em Portugal e em Timor. Nós vamos apresentar os resultados que os nomes e apelidos que temos são maioritariamente de origem portuguesa mas não seguimos o sistema fixo que existe em Portugal. Assim, “timorizámos” aliás modificamos conforme o estilo dos timorenses. Aguida B da Silva Plan International Analiza konaba estatus Rekursu Umanu no estratejia formasaun iha Ministeiru Saude Disponibilidade ba rekursus umanus iha nivel sira hotu ba kuidadus saúde maka fatór kritiku ida hodi asegura prestasaun ba pakote servisu báziku ho efisiénsia no efetivu ba hot-­‐hotu, maibe rekursu umanu ne’ebe mak koalidade as sei sai hanesan problema iha ministerio da saude. Ministeriu Saude sei sofre husi defisiénsia jerál ba rekursus umanus liu-­‐liu iha area mediku espeasializada, parteira no infermeiru sira. Iha limitasaun ba pesoal saúde no hatudu dezikilíbriu maka’as ba abilidade iha forsa-­‐
15 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference servisu nia laran. Pesoal saúde maka fahe la-­‐hanesan entre area urbana no rural, no entre rejiaun sira. Iha mós kazu sira hanesan, koñesimentu báziku fraku iha abilidade no kompeténsia sira. Problema sira-­‐ne’e iha relasaun ba malu no ha netik planu no prestasaun servisu nian. Maski governu esforsu ona atu atende ho dalan estabelesimentu ba Fakuldade Siénsia Saúde iha Universidade Nacional Timor-­‐Lorosa’e, no Institutu Nasionál ba Edukasaun haruka Timor oan barak ba iha nasaun barak kontínua, maibe treinamentu ba profesionál Saúde hala’o papel importante ida hodi proteje objetivu Ministerio da Saude liu husi prenxe lakuna rekursus umanus atual. Liu husi metodu halibur dadus hanesan intervista, estudu dokumentariu no konversas informal ho pessoais saude sira, peskiza ida ne peskizador buka atu hatene estatus no nesesidade rekursu umanu Ministeriu Saude nian partikularliu: balansu entre pessoais administrasaun no pessoais saude (mediku, parteira no infermeiru sira); nesesidade no balansu kolokasaun mediku, infermeiro no parteira sira iha klinika, Ospital Referal, no Ospital nasional nian; identifika estratejia dezenvolvimentu rekursu umanu inkluindu formasaun iha saude nian iha UNTL. Peskiza sei konklui katak Ministeriu Saude sei presiza formasaun rekursu umanu mediku espesializado, infermeiru no parteira sira ne’ebe sei limitadu no sei presiza mos haberan pessoais saude sira iha area soft skill hanesan amizade, no dedikasaun total ba ema seluk nian moris. Estratejia formasaun mak dezenvolve liu husi kooperasaun internasional ezemplu ho Cuba no dezenvolve mos rekursu umanu liu husu mekanismu nasional nian mak Faculdade Saude iha UNTL. Ana Mendes Pinto da Silva & Adelina Soares Mendes Mota The Asia Foundation Dimensaun Ekonomia ba Violénsia Doméstika iha Timor-­‐Leste Relatóriu ida ne’e buka atu komprende di’ak liu tan fatór ekonómiku sira ne’ebé influénsia feto sira foti desizaun bainhira sira esperiénsia violénsia doméstika, partikulármente liga ho sira-­‐nia preferénsia atu husik tiha ka nafatin iha ambiente ne’ebé abuzivu ka abusive environment. Timor-­‐
Leste-­‐nia ekonomia iha influénsia maka’as ba jéneru no iha realidade deziguál tebetebes. Feto sira envolve buka rendimentu iha nivel ki’ik oin-­‐oin no halo sira susar atu bok-­‐an ba mai, no ta’uk se iha buat ruma akontese ba sira-­‐nia atividade lor-­‐loron nian sei kauza sira ho sira-­‐nia oan sira iha rede ka situasaun ne’ebé la seguru. Persepsaun kona-­‐ba feto-­‐nia dependénsia ba sira-­‐nia la’en no parseiru sai mós fatór ida iha desizaun tribunál relasiona ho violénsia doméstika. Ba feto sira ne’ebé nudár vítima ba abuzu ne’ebé entrevistadu iha estudu ida ne’e, barak mak sente katak sira-­‐
nia finanseiru pesoál sai di’ak bainhira sira husik tiha sira-­‐nia parseiru. Maibé, labele interpreta fali katak sample ki’ik hosi entrevista ba estudu ida ne’e sai nudár sujestaun katak feto sira hotu ne’ebé fahe malu ho sira-­‐nia la’en sei haree katak sira nia situasaun ekonomia sai di’ak, maibe sample ki’ik hosi estudu ne’e sujere katak supozisaun ka assumption katak feto labele suporta sira-­‐nia família bainhira husik tiha sira-­‐nia la’en ka parseiru tenki muda ka tenki haree didi’ak. Antero Benedito da Silva UNTL Beyond anti-­‐communism of the Incorporation of Timor-­‐Dilly The incorporation of Timor-­‐Dilly into Indonesia had been the foreign policy of Australia, and the larger Anglo-­‐Saxon community, since the early 1960s. However, it took over a decade to achieve the result in 1975. This article is an analysis on the role of Australia in the Indonesia invasion, mainly on 16 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference the basis of the 824 pages of secret documents of the Australian Foreign Policy, Incorporation of East Timor, published by Canberra in the year 2000, and other reliable secondary sources, on issues around the incorporation of Timor-­‐Dilly. It concludes: first, that incorporation was part of the larger counter communist strategy of the Anglo-­‐Saxon community against the nationalist-­‐communist alliance in Indonesia, and Australia was the main implementing state of the policy due to her geographic proximity, for the interest of the larger Anglo-­‐Saxon community; second, that Indonesia had its mainly conservative Catholic elements within the Suharto regime who played the role of providing intelligence services in this incorporation policy; and third, from other sources of documentary analysis, it is signaled that the oil resources were a hidden motivating factor for Australian intervention. The so-­‐called Timor gap and the current dispute over greater sunrise reinforced such an argument. Antero Benedito da Silva UNTL Komprende konaba jestaun rekursu umanu iha funsaun publiku Tinan hirak ikus ne’e, hierakia Estado RDTL nian, representantes agensia internasionais no sosiedad sivil involve iha diskursu ida konaba falta rekursu umanu ne’ebe kualifikadu, ne’ebe dehan katak, mak sai obstakulu ba progressu. Diskursu ida ne’e hamosu jeralmente opiniaun no implikasaun rua: ida, estado buka meios hotu inkluindu kria sistema aprende interna baseia ba perspektiva ida katak ‘learning institution’, hodi tempu ba tempu, funsionariu no direktores sira, no Ministro kontinua aprende osan mak halao servisu mak ho kualidade tantu iha nivel politika no nivel teknika ne’ebe profisional. Rua, diskursu ida ne’e mos implika ba dependensia ba konsellu externa sira hodi fo apoiu ba Ministeriu sira, ne’ebe ikus mai hamosu buat ne’ebe hanaran ‘Estado dos Conselheiros’. Peskiza ida ne’e tenta halo review literatura konaba gestaun rekursu umanu iha Funsaun Publiku iha nasaun seluk hodi komprende konaba modelu no estratejia haberan funsionariu funsaun publika nian atu bele sai professional no sensivel ba demanda husi publiku. Antero Benedito da Silva e Liliana Amaral UNTL Identifikasaun ba nesesidade no Estratejia formasaun rekursu umanu iha Ministeriu Edukasaun Edukasaun ne’ebe kualidade nu’udar direitu ida ba sidadaun sira, maibe atu hetan edukasaun ida ne’ebe kualidade sei dependente ba faktores bar-­‐barak mak hanesan ambiente sosial, ambiente familia, professores, fasilidades sira no politika Estado nian. Peskiza ida ne’e foku ba factor rekursu umanu iha Ministeriu Edukasaun. Rekursu umanu refere ba direitores no staff sira intra-­‐Ministeriu no professores sira no staff sira ne’ebe mak kualidade aas iha eskola nivel hot-­‐hotu. Faktor seluk ne’ebe determina progressu no kualidade edukasaun mak politika ne’ebe los, ne’ebe mos sai importante iha peskiza ida ne’e. Peskiza ne’e sei uza metodo intervista ho pessoais Ministeriu nian no Sindikatu Professores sira nian e uza mos Focus Group Discussion (FGD) hodi halo analiza no verifikasaun ba resultadu sira. Analiza dokumentariu husi fontes sekundariu no primaria Ministeriu nian hodi identifika konaba ejistensia problema kestaun rekursu umanu no Gabinte Rekursu umanu iha Ministerio no sira nian estratejia ba formasaun rekursu umanu intra-­‐ministeriu; analiza konaba ejistensia numeru professores sira iha 17 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference nivel hot-­‐hotu, ensinu pre-­‐sekundariu, basiku, sekundariu no ensinu superior kompara numeru estudante sira no hatene nesesidade no estratejia formasaun sira nian. Ildefonso Da Silva Many Hands International Atitude uza tabaku no estragia prevensaun iha Timor Leste Utiliza tabaku lori ona konsekwensia seriu ba individual no sosiedade. Iha Timor Leste persentajen ema mane sira fuma tabaku mak as liu iha mundu, klaru katak utiliza tabaku sai ona dezafiu ba dezemvolvimentu kualidade moris iha rai nee. Problema sosial sira seluk mos kontribui liu husi utiliza tabaku, maski uja tabaku konsidera nuudar todan ba problema ekonomia, no problema social, uma kain no sosiedade, seidauk iha lei ida hodi regula desiminasaun uja no faan tabaku. Existensia tradisaun kultura mos la haketak an husi uza tabaku aumenta difikuldade ba sira nebe koko atu sai husi kustume uja tabaku. Surat ida nee atu aprejenta dadus sira nebe halibur liu husi peskija nebe halao iha Municipiu Lautem no Dili iha tinan 2014. Peskija ida nee realiza liu husi parseria entre NGO Many Hands International ho Universidade Deakin husi Australia. Bazeia ba responde sira nee sei dezenha projetu ida hodi hatan ba isu nee. Relatoriu ba peskija ida nee mos sei sai referensia ba MHI nomos Deakin University hodi halo planu iha futuru hodi apoiu politika governo ba iha kontrola tabaku iha futuru. Ildefonso Da Silva Many Hands International Projectu halimarfatin iha Lospalos Projectu halimar fatin iha Lospalos hanesan inisiativa atu hare liu ba oinsa atu halimar , hanesa jogo/ ka halimar tradisional no kontemporar iha Timor leste,espesial iha lospalos. Liu husi koinesementu, ho modelo-­‐modelo jogo ida ne'e ami hein no fo hanoin katak fatin-­‐fatin foun ba labarik atu halimar ho kuinhesemento ho kontesto kultura tradisional nebe uniku iha Timor leste. Halimar/jogo hanesan buat nebe importante atu dezenvolve labarik sira nia viziku no kognetivo labarik sira nian.labarik sira nebe agora dadaun iha Timor leste sira iha tempu nebe livre ka sufisiente atu halimar iha uma (sai husi eskola ) ,ne mak hanesan estudu ida no sperensia nebe importante atu kria halimar konstruktif, no atu hetan solusaun ba problema ida ne'e presiza suporta liu husi dalan halimar liu husi edukasaun inovativo iha Timor Teste. Many hands halo dokumentasaun espasu halimar iha lospalos,no sei fo hanoin ba pre-­‐skolar sira oinsa atu halo tratamentu ba labarik no sei halo halimar fatin ba labarik ida ne'e mak hanesan nesesidade atu dezenvolve labarik sira ninia fiziku no kognetivu liu husi halimar. Ida ne'e sai hanesan lalaok husi idea nebe ita simu “ halimar ho equpamento” iha ambiente nebe halibur ho cultura Timor. José Lucas Da Silva and Bernardo Idalina Leto CNIC, UNTL 18 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Road Traffic Accidents and Policy Interventions in Dili the capital of East Timor East Timor has been categorizing as the second highest country in terms of road traffic accidents and fatalities in ASEAN, behind Thailand. Rapid economic growth in East Timor, including infrastructural development, over the last decade has considerably contributed to increased car usage in the city of Dili. Consequently, road traffic accidents (RTA) have emerged as a serious public problem. This study therefore aims to scrutinize the risk factors that are possibly associated with the causes of road traffic accidents. Data for the study were collected through quantitative and qualitative techniques. Analyses of the dynamics and risk factors which are associated with the causes of road traffic accident trends (human error, vehicle condition and road network) in Dili were conducted. The prime outcome of the study is to contribute to the improvement of current traffic safety approaches for strategic policy. Renata Nogueira da Silva UnB Casas sagradas e políticas culturais no Timor-­‐Leste pós-­‐colonial: conjunções, mediações e disjunções ontológicas O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os processos por meio dos quais as palavras cultura e patrimônio estão sendo manejadas nas propostas de políticas patrimoniais expressas desde a Constituição da República até os Programas de Governo Constitucional IV e V do Timor-­‐Leste. Serão privilegiadas na discussão as políticas relacionadas à preservação do patrimônio tradicional arquitetônico, mais especificamente aquelas relacionadas à construção e à reconstrução das uma lulik.. Esse empreendimento está pautado no diálogo com três tipos de literatura: certa produção antropológica que concebe a casa como uma categoria analítica capaz de articular alianças, troca e parentesco; etnografias recentes sobre casa e casas sagradas, especialmente em Timor-­‐Leste; e, por fim, documentos do governo de Timor-­‐Leste sobre políticas culturais. Aires Eddie de Almeida Inovador e implementador de Gerador de Biogás Puxin-­‐RPC Inovador e implementador de Gerador de Biogás Puxin-­‐RPC Concentrações de população nas cidades e nas vilas produzem diariamente toneladas de lixo orgânico proveniente de restos de vegetais e comidas. Esssa matéria orgânica e as fezes dos animais que tambem são matéria orgânica constituem alimento para bacterias e insectos causadores de doenças infecto-­‐contagiosas, além de libertarem gases conhecidos por “ Green House Gas” de efeito nocivo para o meio/ambiente. Para reduzir esse efeito nocivo usa-­‐se essa matéria orgânica como matéria-­‐prima para o fabrico do biogás atravez de fermentação nos digestores de biogás. Do fabrico de biogás resulta tambem a produção de adubo líquido que depois de devidamente tratado pode tornar-­‐se num precioso líquido para a agricultura e reflorestação. A tecnologia de produção de biogas é conhecida em pequenos núcleos de Timor –Leste embora não completamente compreendida e implementada. Em Timor-­‐Leste preocupou-­‐se mais na produção de 19 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference biogás como energia para a culinária enquanto que nos Países como Vietnam , Bangladesh, Tailandia e outros consideram o ‘Bioslurry’ como ‘Brown Gold’ na agricultura. É a energia por excelência para as zonas remotas de Timor-­‐ Leste devido as condições geográficas e climatéricas do País. Encontra-­‐se em Díli-­‐Bebora um pequeno projecto piloto, com um digestor de 4 m3 onde se usa como matéria prima fezes de porcos, bufalos, papeis ,restos de comidas, folhas verdes e secas e restos de vegetais. O lugar pode ser visitado em qualquer dia para ver e ouvir algumas informações sobre as vantangens da tecnologia de biogás depois de prévio contacto com: Aires de Almeida com o mobile/e-­‐mail acima mencionado. Luis de Almeida, Robert Williams, Harry Nesbitt, William Erskine Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Seeds of Life; ICPBER and the University of Western Australia) Aflatoxin level in food and seed in Timor-­‐Leste Aflatoxin contamination on crops is a major concern in Timor-­‐Leste but limited evidence is available regarding this. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to provide some evidence on the extent of crop contamination due to Aflatoxin mainly for maize and peanuts across the country. There are several methods of testing Aflatoxin levels but for this study HPLC method was selected. In addition, the UV light observation was also performed as a presumptive test to identify maize samples that may contain the toxin. This is an on-­‐going research set for three years from 2013 to 2015. A target of 480 samples (240 maize and 240 peanuts) will be collected from all municipalities wherein 80 samples per commodity will be collected during harvest time each year. Three rounds of sample collection for maize and peanuts were already completed, two for maize and one for peanuts. The results showed that 7.5% and 13.5% of 80 maize samples for both 1st and 2nd round collection respectively, were higher than WHO food safety standard of 15 ppb. For peanuts, 6.25% of 81 samples were higher than WHO standard. While the initial testing showed low levels of Aflatoxin contamination in maize and peanuts, the author recommends continued research on this area to establish relevant documentation and awareness on food Aflatoxin contamination in Timor-­‐Leste. Felisberto de Carvalho UNTL Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pendapatan Minyak yang Dilakukan oleh Pemenerintah Sektor industri ekstraktif merupakan salah satu sektor penggerak pertumbuhan ekonomi di Timor-­‐
Leste. Setiap tahun menyumbang sekitar 95% terhadap Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN). Pendapatan minyak dari tahun ke tahun mengalami peningkatan namun meningkatnya pendapatan minyak belum memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan rakyat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan pengelolaan pendapatan minyak yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Tipe penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif, artinya penulis tidak melakukan pengujian hipotesis tetapi hanya mendeskripsikan data-­‐data yang diperoleh di lapangan, kemudian interpretasi terhadap data, analisis data, dan pembahasan terhadap data. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. 20 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kebijakan publik dimana kebijakan pengelolaan migas adalah bagian dari teori kebijakan publik, pendekatan teori makro dan mikro ekonomi dan teori bagi hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun meningkatnya pendapatan minyak, namun belum memberikan kontribusi secara signifikan, pemanfaatan pendapatan minyak belum dilakukan sepenuhnya secara efisien dan efektif, dalam rangka peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Hal itu dilihat dari meningkatnya angka kemiskinan dari tahun ke tahun, proporsi penduduk miskin tahun 2001 mencapai 40% lalu meningkat menjadi 50% pada tahun 2009. Sedangkan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 0,48, dan tingkat pengangguran sebesar 46%. Dua puluh persen penduduk hanya berpenghasilan US$.1 per hari dan lebih dari enam puluh persen kurang dari US$.2. Kondisi tersebut disebabkan oleh meningkatnya tingkat korupsi, rendahnya realisasi anggaran, kontribusi dana minyak terhadap anggaran sangat kecil, dan rendahnya rekruitmen tenaga kerja lokal. Fenomena ini oleh ilmuan sosial disebut sebagai kutukan sumberdaya alam. Negara yang berkelimpahan sumberdaya alam, performa pembangunan ekonomi dan tata kelola pemerintahannya (good governance) buruk. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah dalam pengelolaan migas dinilai belum sepenuhnya optimal sehingga tidak berdampak pada perbaikan taraf hidup masyarakat. Apabila kita menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan, sebuah kebijakan dalam hal ini kebijakan pengelolaan migas belum optimal untuk diimplementasikan secara baik karena disebabkan oleh; pelaksanaannya jelek (bed execution), kebijakannya sendiri memang jelek (bed policy), atau kibijakan itu memang bernasib jelek (bed luck). Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya perbaikan pengaturan manajemen pengelolaan sumber daya migas nasional,melalui revisi UU No. 9/2005 tentang migas, sebagai dasar bagi penataan ulang regulasi dan kelembagaan agar pengelolaan sektor migas lebih efektif dan memberikan manfaat yang lebih optimal bagi kepentingan nasional. Disamping itu juga penguatan terhadap institusi hukum sebagai strategi pemberantasan korupsi. Bia Ble Hitu Carvalho de Jesus e Zulmira Ximenes da Costa Gestão de resíduos sólidos na comunidade de Díli Os Resíduos Sólidos são uma das maiorias problemas e, geralmente mais visíveis na comunidade do capital Díli. Contudo, este trabalho tem como principal objectivo descrever sobre os sistemas de gestão de resíduos que prestado pela comunidade e pelo governo, conhecer os impactos causados dos resíduos e introdução do sistema mais adequados, integrado e sustentável para reduzir o problema de resíduos. Consideramos as 431 amostras que preencheram os questionários que foram dadas devido ao 4 posto administrativo de município de Díli excepto posto administrativo de Atauro e Metinaro. Observa-­‐se 72% estão satisfeito com o mecanismo que estabelecido pelo governo, revela ainda uma série de situações provocadas pelo descarte inadequado e pela disposição incorrecta pela comunidade. A forma de gerir os resíduos apresentam trazê-­‐lo a lixeira comum e queimá-­‐lo são na maioria. Em relação dos impactos causados pelos resíduos sólidos é a saúde e ambiente são mais urgentemente de resolver, o que indica a existência de associação entre gestão inadequado dos resíduos e ocorrência de doenças. A aplicação do sistema integrado de 3R’s mostra-­‐se o resultado 89,8% foi e estão dispostas a pagar o sistema que poderá mudar as atitudes das comunidades. 21 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Miguel de Lemos Do Timor-­‐Português ao Timor-­‐leste -­‐1974-­‐75: Esfera interna e internacional O presente artigo tem como objectivo relatar de que forma um pequeno território parado no tempo é chamado para as páginas centrais da história da realpolitik e da Guerra Fria, nos anos de 1974 e 1975. Pretende-­‐se elencar o conjunto de factores, nacionais e internacionais, que obstaram à implementação do plano de descolonização português para a Província de Timor. Dar-­‐se-­‐á conta do jogo de forças tido pelos movimentos políticos surgidos em Timor no pós-­‐25 de Abril e a incapacidade portuguesa para lidar ao mais alto nível com as novas realidades da província. Paralelamente aludir-­‐se-­‐á ao papel Indonésio, Australiano e Americano na condução daquilo que viria a redundar na anexação do território português na ilha de Timor pela Indonésia. António Barbedo de Magalhães University of Porto Pensar nos problemas da escola é um direito e um dever: a descolonização do ensino em Timor em 1975 Em Janeiro de 1975, o Governador português de Timor criou o Grupo Coordenador para a Reformulação do Ensino em Timor (GCRET), no quadro da descolonização do território. Reconhecera que o ensino não era adequado às necessidades dos Timorenses e que era preciso transitar dum ensino colonialista para um ensino verdadeiramente timorense. O GCRET era constituído por portugueses e timorenses, incluindo representantes dos três principais partidos. A coligação UDT-­‐
FRETILIN criara um ambiente favorável ao seu trabalho. O GCRET organizou “semanas” do ensino secundário e primário, debates com professores e alunos, reuniões temáticas, distribuiu um inquérito e recolheu sugestões e críticas. Em Abril, apresentou um relatório e uma proposta para o ensino de transição, que o Governador aprovou depois de auscultar os partidos. A comissão executora (CERET) apresentou a proposta nas escolas. Em Portugal, recrutou técnicos e adquiriu ferramentas e livros. Em Agosto estava previsto o início dos cursos de reciclagem de professores, que o golpe da UDT e a invasão indonésia inviabilizaram. Ermelindo das Neves Mendonça, José Lucas da Silva & Domingos Savio CNIC-­‐UNTL Women and patriarchal culture influence in the development of East Timor Women’s emancipation and the battle for rights nowdays have indicated that women are perceived not as complementary or as man’s partner, but they also have the right to be consulted for ideas, opinions and decision making in political, social and cultural areas. Two indispensable notions are considered as rationales to conduct this study are: i) the lack of public recognition for women to be able to occupy important positions, such as the ministry of defense and security; and ii) patriarchal culture appears to pose significant barriers for women who are limited or restricted in opportunities to express their ideas, opinions and to participate in decision making processes. Subsequently, this has contributed directly to the unvoiced status of the women in society. This study, therefore, intends to investigate women’s opinions in providing ideas, and their involvement and decision-­‐
making in cultural processes. Data for the study has been acquired through qualitative research methods. The output of this study is expected to provide valuable contributions for the government, 22 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference cultural actors, authorities and relevant stakeholders to advocate for Timorese women to battle for their rights in various political spheres. Rara Dethan, Jenny Kerrison, Teresinha Sarmento Learning Labs: dalan ida atu hadi’ak liu tan kuidadu saúde iha Timor-­‐Leste Estudu ida nee evalua mudansa abilidade husi pesoál saúde sira iha parte resusitasaun no ezaminasaun ba bebe foin moris depois de sira partisipa iha in-­‐service training simples durante periúdu fulan nein. Learning Lab nee rasik uza ba aprendizagem adultu para hasa’e liu tan sira nia abilidade ne’ebé hetan ona husi treinamentu formal husi governu. Metodu ne inklui avaliasaun post-­‐
formasaun uza checklist, avaliasaun aan rasik husi abilidade ne’ebe sira hare; entrevista kualitativu, avaliasaun husi kondisaun fatin Learning Lab; no revizaun ba Planu Aksaun parteira sira nian. Sentru Saúde Komunitariu (CHC) tolu simu intervensaun no CHC tolu hanesan kontrolu simu avaliasaun deit. Maioria husi partisipante sira hotu iha intervensaun CHC atinji kompetensia kompletu ba resusitasaun no ezaminasaun ba bebe foin moris, maibe maioria husi kontrollu CHC nafatin iha nivél kompetensia nia okos. Entrevista mos deskobre katak iha imprensaun pozitivu makaas husi aprosimasaun Learning Lab. Bazeia ba susesu ida nee, governu Timorense tengki konsidera follow-­‐up depois de treinamentu hanesan estandarte nasionál foun no dezenvolve polítika hodi suporta ida nee. Daniel De Lucca Unicamp/FESP-­‐SP Ensinando história de Timor-­‐Leste: nação, currículo e material didático Pierre Bourdieu definiu os sistemas escolares como aparelhos reprodutores de uma “doce” violência. Por sua vez, Ernest Gellner chegou a afirmar que o monopólio legítimo da educação é mais importantes que o clássico monopólio legítimo da violência física. Em ambos casos, a educação compulsória foi associada à violência simbólica estatal, o que revela seu lugar-­‐chave na integração de valores e identidades do Estado-­‐nação. Particularmente o ensino de história nacional possui destaque neste debate e em contextos pós-­‐conflito, como em Timor-­‐Leste, pois aí o passado é ele mesmo objeto de disputas que se desenrolam no presente. Esta apresentação busca analisar o “manual do aluno” da disciplina de história utilizado hoje no ensino secundário nas escolas públicas timorenses. Centrada, sobretudo, numa leitura internalista voltada para aspectos ligados à cronologia, estratégias didáticas e hierarquia das temáticas dispostas nos textos, esta apresentação busca também, dentro do possível, levantar aspectos ligados ao contexto de produção do material – feito em Portugal – e sua recepção em Timor-­‐Leste – a partir de minha própria experiência no território como professor de história e formador de professores de história. Daniel De Lucca & Camila Tribess UNICAMP/FESP-­‐SP, PQLP/CAPES Conectando processos de construção democrática: Timor-­‐Leste e Guiné-­‐Bissau em perspectiva comparada Os países de língua oficial portuguesa apresentam realidades muito díspares. Tais diferenças estão interligadas por histórias de luta e conflitos políticos que quase sempre são encobertas e silenciadas 23 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference em função da forte celebração da lusofonia. Este trabalho, baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, apresenta uma comparação entre os processos de democratização de dois diferentes países da CPLP: Timor-­‐Leste, na década de 2000 e o caso mais recente da Guiné-­‐Bissau. Cada um destes países passou por regimes autoritários e trilharam, a seu modo, a construção democrática. Apoiando-­‐se na interpretação histórica das configurações geopolíticas de ambos territórios durante a Guerra Fria e seu momento imediatamente posterior, busca-­‐se argumentar que os casos de Timor-­‐
Leste e Guiné Bissau precisam ser pensados à luz dos problemas de estabelecimento da ordem constitucional e democrática em contextos pós-­‐coloniais, pós-­‐conflito e de intervenção internacional. Aires Eddie de Almeida Energia alternativa, limpa e sustentável Concentrações de população nas cidades e nas vilas produzem diariamente toneladas de lixo orgânico proveniente de restos de vegetais e comidas. Essa matéria orgânica e as fezes dos animais que tambem são matéria orgânica constituem alimento para bactérias e insectos causadores de doenças infecto-­‐contagiosas, além de libertarem gases conhecidos por “ Green House Gas” de efeito nocivo para o meio/ambiente. Para reduzir esse efeito nocivo usa-­‐se essa matéria orgânica como matéria-­‐prima para o fabrico do biogás através de fermentação nos digestores de biogás. Do fabrico de biogás resulta também a produção de adubo líquido que depois de devidamente tratado pode tornar-­‐se num precioso líquido para a agricultura e reflorestação. A tecnologia de produção de biogás é conhecida em pequenos núcleos de Timor –Leste embora não completamente compreendida e implementada. Em Timor-­‐Leste preocupou-­‐se mais na produção de biogás como energia para a culinária enquanto que nos Países como Vietname, Bangladesh, Tailândia e outros consideram o ‘Bioslurry’ como ‘Brown Gold’ na agricultura. É a energia por excelência para as zonas remotas de Timor-­‐Leste devido às condições geográficas e climatéricas do País. Encontra-­‐se em Díli-­‐Bebora um pequeno projecto piloto, com um digestor de 4 m3 onde se usa como matéria prima fezes de porcos, búfalos, papeis ,restos de comidas, folhas verdes e secas e restos de vegetais. O lugar pode ser visitado em qualquer dia para ver e ouvir algumas informações sobre as vantagens da tecnologia de biogás depois de prévio contacto com Aires de Almeida. Constançia de Jesus UNTL Strategi Komunikasi dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Kota Dili,Timor-­‐Leste Sector pariwisata bisa dikatakan sebagai salah satu sector kunci pembangunan di kota Dili. Namun demikian hal ini masih di hadapkan pada kendala dalam memaksimalkan potensi yang ada pada obyek-­‐obyek pariwisata di kota Dili. Pemerintah kota Dili perlu memikirkan langkah-­‐langkah dalam pengembangan kepariwisataan mengingat kota Dili sebagai ibu kota negara. 24 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Strategi komunikasi dalam pengembangan dan pengelolaan kepariwisataan di kota Dili akan menghasilkan pendapatan yang maksimal bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah kota Dili. Dengan melakukan pengolahan secara terencana dan dengan straregi komunikasi yang tepat, akan diharapkan kota Dili menjadi salah satu tujuan pariwisata di Timor leste, baik oleh wisatawan domestik maupun wisatawan luar negri. Kerjasama antara masyarakat dan pemerintah sangat diharapkan dalam rangka membangun kota Dili sebagai ibu kota negara sekaligus sebagai kota pariwisata, hal ini disadari bahwa di era globalisasi ini sector pariwisata tidak lagi mengenal batas negara. Disisi lain, kegiatan pengembangan kepariwisataan adalah sebuah kegiatan yang cenderung kompetetif, dan merupakan sebuah kegiatan yang akan menciptakan sebuah citra positif bagi suatu daerah. Wisatawan akan menceritakan pengalaman menarik maupun sebaliknya kepada orang lain di daerahnya tentang pelayanan, keindahan maupun keunikan sebuah kawasan wisata. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan tempat wisata kota Dili adalah lemahnya promosi wisata, promosi wisata yang berlangsung saat ini masih cenderung bersifat seremonial dan hanya merupakan rutinitas kerja saja. Dalam hal ini belum ada langkah-­‐langkah strategi yang bisa dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk melakukan promosi secara terencana dengan baik. Juvinal Dias La’o Hamutuk Projetu Tasi Mane: Mehi Ukun-­‐Nain no Obstákulu sira Dezde 2010, Governu Timor-­‐Leste dezeña projetu infrastrutura ida iha kosta súl Timor-­‐Leste atu harii komponente infrastrutura petróleu ida. Governu mehi hela atu bele atrai investimentu no kria oportunidade ekonómiku liu hosi industrializa setór petróleu iha Timor-­‐Leste. Projetu ne’e atu fasilita dezenvolvimentu kampu Gas Greater Sunrise nian mai Timor-­‐Leste, kampu ne’e to’o ohin loron seidauk la’o hafoin kompañia operador Woodside no Timor-­‐Leste prefere opsaun ida ne’e diferente. Durante ne’e, Timor-­‐Leste gasta ona osan lubuk, no kontinua atu halo tan. La’o Hamutuk dezde iha inísiu kedas akompaña koleta informasaun, monitor no analiza mehi, polítika, prosesu legal, kontratu, kustu finansial, kustu oportunidade no obstákulu sira ne’ebé povu no nasaun ida ne’e sei enfrenta. Peskiza ida ne’e sei uza informasaun sira hanesan dokumentu projetu, planu estratéjiku, planu asaun no informasaun sira hosi Ministériu Petróleu, TimorGAP, ANP, Kompañia operador, debate iha media, entrevista, dokumentu orsamentu estadu, peskiza no analiza balu ne’ebé durante ne’e La’o Hamutuk ka instituisaun seluk publika ona, hodi buka hatene saida loloos Projetu Tasi Mane ne’e, se mak sei hetan vantajen, no buat saida no hira mak ita sei hetan ka lakon hosi projetu ne’e, no mós bele mai ho rekomendasaun balu atu ajuda dezenvolve ekonomia Timor-­‐Leste, no mós evita Timor-­‐
Leste hodi lakon vantajen sira seluk. José do Carmo & Rui Ramos UNTL & Universidade do Minho A línguas e os hábitos culturais. Um estudo de caso numa escola secundária timorense 25 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference O cenário linguístico timorense é complexo: uma sociedade multilingue, duas línguas oficiais, um grande número de línguas locais ágrafas, uma sociedade de tradição oral, um sistema de ensino excecionalmente pobre, fraca formação dos professores, indecisões e contradições na política educativa. Na escola, a língua portuguesa, oficialmente a língua do ensino, não é dominada por todos, recebendo frequentemente a companhia do tétum, do indonésio e de línguas locais. Fora das salas de aula, quase desaparece. Para obter dados mais rigorosos sobre esta realidade, num fragmento social muito delimitado, o presente estudo apresenta os resultados de um inquérito ao domínio de línguas, às perceções e aos hábitos culturais de duas turmas de alunos do 11º ano de escolaridade de uma escola pública timorense, em Díli. Analisa os resultados numa perspetiva dominantemente qualitativa e discute-­‐os, considerando inflexões das práticas culturais no ensino formal. Antonio Pereira do Rego Ministerio de Agriculture Oinsa Prosesu Konaba ai-­‐horis Maek (Amorphallus paeoniifolius) atu Sai ba Ha-­‐han iha Timor-­‐Leste Maek (Amorphallus paeoniifolius) ai-­‐horis ne’ebe iha isin no tahan hanesan mos ai-­‐han sira seluk, nomos nia riku karbohidrat, proteina no vitamina. Timor-­‐Leste iha aihoris maeh variedade oin 3 mak maek mutin, maek makerek nia kain kaber, maek makerek nia kain lakaber. Tempu atu koileta/ke’e maek diakliu hare husi kain dodok tihaona ne’e katak toman ona iha tempu deskansa/dormansi. Peskiza ida ne’e ho nia objetivu atu buka hatene oninsa maek nia lalaok bainhira atu sai hahan iha Timor-­‐Leste, atu buka hatene variedade saida mak nian prosesu ou lalaok lais liu atu sai hahan, atu buka hatene saida mak hodi bele halakon no hamate maek nia katar. Lalaok ou prosesu konaba maek nian isin ho nian tahan bainhira atu sai hahan iha Timor-­‐Leste mak: kukus iha rai laran, fai, koi, da’an, fila, no tunu. Husi rejultadu peskiza halo intervista ba komunidade ne’ebe representa husi Distritu 13, prosesu lalaok hanesan iha Timor tomak. Kukus iha railaran hanesan tradisi husi Timor-­‐Leste nian. Abel Boavida dos Santos Kontribuisaun Feto Iha Prosesu Konsiensializasaun Povu, Liu Husi Edukasaun Iha Prosesu Luta ba Libertasaun Nasional Marjinalizasaun ba feto akontese barak liu iha sosiedade ne’ebe moris iha sistema partriarkhal. Kolonialismu iha Timor la konsege transforma sistema patriarchal, maibe hetok hametin no hakbiit liu tan ezistensia no funsionamentu sistema ne’e. Iha parte edukasaun, politika colonial nian la hamosu sistema edukasaun ne’ebe liberta feto husi domestifikasaun, maibe fasilita atu hametin liu tan. Maske maioria sosiedade patriarchal konsidera feto nudar grupu vulneravel, kbiit laek, maibe feto iha fatin barak mak hatudu sira ninia kontribuisaun importante tebes wainhira iha situasaun difisil. Hanesan saida mak akontese iha prosesu luta ba libertasaun nasional Timor, papel feto iha prosesu ne’e importante tebes no sai fatores ida determinante mos ba prosesu. Maibe tamba perspektiva elit patriarchal dominante liu, 26 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference halo ema barak ladun fo importansia no konsiderasaun ne’ebe justu ba iha partisipasaun determinante husi feto iha prosesu no mos iha situasaun defisil. Artigu ne’e analiza kona-­‐ba oinsa kontribuisaun feto iha prosesu konsiensializasaun ba povu, liu husi programa edukasaun no atividade kultural, iha faze importante sira iha prosesu luta ba libertasaun nasional, hahu husi inisiu mobiliza estudante sira iha Dili to’o baze de apoiu rahun. Warren L. Evans Swinburne University of Technology Hawks and Doves: The United Kingdom and the Indonesian Occupation of East Timor In December 1975, as the Indonesian invasion of East Timor loomed, the desperate appeal of the Timorese to the international community to save their beleaguered territory and its’ people fell on deaf ears. In the years since, as greater facts have come to light, it has unambiguously emerged that the role played by the West throughout Indonesia’s 24 years of often brutal occupation, went far beyond turning a blind eye. However, while much has been written on the role of Australia and the United States, despite Ramos-­‐Horta accusation that it was “the single worst obstructionist of any industrialised country,” Britain’s role has largely been overshadowed. This paper therefore sets out to establish the nature of Britain’s foreign policy, its interest and its role in relation to East Timor (Timor-­‐Leste) throughout its occupation by the Republic of Indonesia from 1975 until 1999. Ultimately, demonstrating that Britain’s role was significant and although official policy represented the principled stance of self-­‐determination, Her Majesty’s Government’s actions rarely intertwined with such policy, instead focussing on the perceived importance of her strategic, political and most importantly economic links with Jakarta. Clinton Fernandes University of New South Wales The beginning and the end: International dynamics of East Timor’s self-­‐determination in 1975 and 1999 This paper compares and contrasts international diplomacy, Indonesian intelligence operations and Australian political activism in 1975 and 1999. It shows that the events of 1975 provided the basis for much of what transpired in 1999: the alignment of Australian diplomacy with Indonesian preferences, the subordination of the Indonesian foreign ministry to covert military and intelligence operatives, the use of terror and destabilisation as tools of statecraft, the attempt to influence media reporting on East Timor, the hemorrhage of Australian diplomacy due to unauthorized disclosure of classified information, and the role of international solidarity activists in challenging states’ policies. Zelia Fernandes UNTL 27 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Analiza Impaktu Uza Fundu Dezemvolvementu Capital Humanu (FDCH) iha Ministeriu Rekursu Naturais e Petroleu RDTL Objetivu estudu ida-­‐ne’e maka atu identifika karik fundus petroliferu nian ua apropriadu ba kapasitasaun funsionariu no atu hatene kona-­‐ba vantajen no desvantajen husi Alokasaun FDCH iha ministeriu ne’e. Ikus liu atu koalia mos kona-­‐ba resultadu ho uza FDCH inkluindu hatene konaba servisu Departamentu Rekursu Umanu iha Ministeriu, ne’ebe fundamental ba jestaun rekursu umanu. Nune aprezentasaun ne’e sei sublina ba iha implikasaun husi uza FDCH iha formasaun no kapasitasaun funsionariu iha minietriu ne’e. Aprezentasaun ne’e sei fahe mos kona ba vantajen no desvantajen husi uzu FDCH nune mos rezultadu ne’ebe atinji. Iha aprezentasaun ne’e sei kobre mos konaba atendementu no dezafiu ne’ebe Ministeriu hasoru durante ezekusaun FDCH. Metodu ne’ebé uza iha estudu ida-­‐ne’e maka metodu kualitativu deskriptivu, no teknika hodi kolekta dadus maka hetan husi intervista no observasaun direta iha terrenu. Tekniku ne’ebé uza hodi analiza dadus maka Familiarizasaun no transkripsaun, identifika tema, fo kodiku no analiza tematiku, interpretasaun no reportazen. Jose da Costa Ronal Freygen, Marcos Correia Vidal, Denicia Raquel Soares de Brito Duhaen Hanesan Ai-­‐Han Esensial No Bele Aumenta Nutrisaun Ba Ema Timor-­‐Leste nudar nasaun fóun ida iha mundu ne’ebé restaurasaun nia indepedensia iha 2002. Total populasaun iha paíz ida ne’e hamutuk 1.178.000 (Sensus Timor-­‐Leste, 2013). Malnutrisaun ne’ebé afeta labarik sira ho tinan lima mai kraik hamutuk 50 %, (UNICEF ho Ministeiro Saúde, 2013) no sai terseiro lugar iha mundu (WHO, 2013). Bazeia ba kazu malnutrisaun ne’ebé infrenta populasaun Timor-­‐Leste spesialmente labarik sira ho idade tinan lima mai kraik, hatudu katak ita nia ai-­‐han la sufísiente hodi suporta oan sira nia saude. Duhaen nudar ai-­‐han ida ne’ebé riku ho nutrisaun hanesan mos fóre sel-­‐seluk, tanba ne’e duhaen bele hadia problema malnutrisaun iha Timor-­‐Leste. Duhaen nia naran Latina (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) nudar ai-­‐horis orjinal iha Timor-­‐Leste. Ai-­‐horis ne’e multi funsaun tanba hahu husi nia dikin to’o nia isin iha rai laran bele konsume. Ai-­‐horis ne’e bele uza halo ai-­‐moruk atu kura moras lumbringa, kakorok bubu, moras laran no ai-­‐moruk fisur (Anonimo, 2012). Relasiona ho problema malnutrisaun iha nasaun ne’e Ministeiro de Agricultura (MAP) ho programa Fini ba Moris introdus fini duhaen mai husi rai liur no halo koleksaun fini lokál iha Timor-­‐Leste tomak, atu halo peskiza hodi hetan kualidade no kuantidade fini duhaen. Fini hirak ne’e koko ona iha centru peskiza 3 hanesan Betano, Loes no Quintal Portugal. Peskiza ne’e koko ona iha tinan 2 nia laran no fó produsaun aas mak varidade D T4 2.58 t/ha, no rezultadu menus liu iha varidade lokál Luro 0.58 t/ha. Duhaen introdus nia fuan barak, naruk, musan boot no gostu maibe duhaen lokal nia tahan barak, fuan uituan, musan ki’ik no lagostu tan ne’e to’os nain hili duhaen foun. Steven Farram Charles Darwin University Colonial neighbours in an era of change: Portugal and the Netherlands, 1945-­‐1949 28 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference After three-­‐hundred years of conflict in the region, Portugal and the Netherlands agreed on the partition of Timor in 1916. In the following years, Dutch-­‐Portuguese disagreements centred on border disputes, illegal immigration, warfare, smuggling and livestock theft; essentially matters involving Timorese. Following the Second World War, things continued in a similar vein, although there were other matters to deal with, such as escaped Japanese prisoners, escaped Portuguese Timorese prisoners and competition to build an international airport. Dutch attention soon shifted to opposing the new Indonesian Republic elsewhere in the archipelago. The Dutch beseeched Portugal to help, asking for Brazilian support in the United Nations (Portugal was not a member). Meanwhile, Portugal was worried that demands for greater political freedom could spread across the borders. It was equally concerned about what would happen if Indonesians took over West Timor. Sidneya Magaly Gaya Docente PQLP/CAPES em Timor-­‐Leste Produções discursivas e aprendizagem de história Este trabalho apresenta conceitos e abordagens pedagógicas aplicáveis aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem de história apoiados nos estudos de Henry Giroux. Considera, na perspecJva da pedagogia radical, que senJdos, propósitos e intenções dos seres humanos são formados dentro e a parJr das estruturas fornecidas por seus repertórios culturais e, a escola, como aparelho privado de hegemonia, ocupa posição estratégica neste processo formaJvo. As abordagens propostas analisam contextualmente modos de produção e transformação dos processos culturais a parJr dos discursos como produtores de idenJdades, aspirações, valores, crenças e senJdos. ObjeJva fomentar reflexões e socializações sobre estratégias docentes para ensino e aprendizagem de história. Compreende a história, construída a parJr de seus condicionantes sociais e determinantes históricos; instrumentalizada por discursos, produzida e produtora de componentes materiais e ideológicos para as estruturas e relações sociais. Joana Gaio Oinsá bele dezenvolve turizmu istóriku, kulturál no edukativu iha Timor-­‐Leste? Proposta ida kona-­‐ba Roteirus-­‐Rezisténsia nian Ita tinan 2014 liubá, ha'u hatama ha'u nia disertasaun-­‐mestradu ho títulu ”O AMRT como atracção turística: proposta de Roteiros da Resistência Timorense” (AMRT nu'udar fatin ida ne'ebé dada turizmu: proposta ida kona-­‐ba Roteirus-­‐Rezisténsia nian) ba Fakuldade-­‐Letras Universidade Porto nian. Iha disertasaun ne'e ha'u hatete katak AMRT bele dada turizmu ne'ebé istóriku i kulturál ba Timor-­‐Leste no mós bele sae hanesan sentru atu haruka vizitante sira ba fatin sira ne'ebé importante iha funu Rezisténsia nian. Ha'u esplika tansá roteiru sira-­‐ne'e tenki kahur patrimóniu Rezisténsia nian ho patrimóniu istóriku seluk (maka patrimóniu koloniál Portugal nian, patrimóniu Funu Mundiál Daruak nian, patrimóniu okupasaun Indonézia nian) no mós ho kultura tradisionál Timor-­‐Leste nian. Ha'u foti konkluzaun katak turizmu istóriku-­‐kulturál ne'ebé bazeia ba roteiru Rezisténsia nian bele sae hanesan estratéjia ida atu proteje patrimóniu Timor-­‐Leste nian, promove dezenvolvimentu komunidade lokál sira i promove edukasaun-­‐ba-­‐sidadania. Artigu ida-­‐ne'e maka rezumu ida husi ha'u nia disertasaun. 29 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Irene dos Santos Gomes & Marisa Harrison Hetan Mensajen Saúde ba Inan Sira Liga Inan mak programa inovativu husi programa mHealth ne’ébé servisu atu lori inan sira no parteira sira besik liu tan iha Timor-­‐Leste. Liu husi programa ida nee, inan sira simu mensajen SMS ba sira nia telephone kona-­‐ba saúde isin rua no bebe nian, no parteira sira fasil liu atu kontaktu sira nia pasiente. Programa ida nee implementa ona iha Munisipiu Manufahi desde tinan 2013 no iha Munisipiu Likisa desde 2014. Rezultadu husi entrevista liu husi telefone ho partisipante programa iha Likisa hatudu katak 73% inan sira simu mensajen SMS no 86% inan sira koalia ba sira nia kolega no familia kona-­‐ba informasaun saúde ida nee. Dezafiu ne’ebé hasoru husi asesu programa nee mak asesu limitadu ba elektrisidade atu rekarga telephone, fahe telephone ho familia ka viziñu sira no muda bebeik SIM card. Literasia la sai hanesan limitasaun. Sistema data saúde nasionál sujere katak depois de programa ida nee lansa, inan barak mak asesu ba kuidadu. Rezultadu ida nee hatudu katak laos de’it Timor-­‐Leste prontu ba programa mHealth, maibe ida nee fo ona benefisiu. Elsa da Graca Gonzaga, Adriana Martins, e Domingos Gomes UNTL Agrikultura semi-­‐urbana iha Dili laran Mairoia populasaun Timor-­‐Leste nian moriis dependenti tebes ba sektor agrikultura nian ne’ebe sai hanesan fontes ekonomia ka familia uma-­‐kain ida nian. Iha sidade semi-­‐urbana Dili nian hahu husi tinan 1960-­‐2015 agora kontinua sai hanesan fatin agrikultura. Maske hahu epoka okupasaun Indonesia nian, dezenvolvimentu fisiku sai makaas tebes, no hahu elimina radikalmente area agrikultura, komunidade Dili laran sei kontinua hakiak pratika agrikultura. Agrikultura urbana mak aktividade komunidade agrikultura urbana nian nebe sira halao iha kapital de sidade e agrikultura semi urbana mak aktividade agrikultor nian nebe komunidade urbana halao sira nia knar agrikultura haleu sidade Dili. Peskiza ida ne’e uza metodu intervestika klean, konversa informal no observasaun konaba pratika agrikultra iha Suco Kaikoli, Suco Camea no Manuleu, hodi hetan konklusaun katak; ida, komunidade sira sei kontinua pratika agrikultura nian hanesan produsau hortikultura (Aihoris),Modo ho produsaun pequaria nian hanesan (Animal) hodi kontribui ba auto-­‐sufisiensia alimentario Timor nian, maibe Governu ladun tau atensaun ba pratika ida ne’e hodi preserva ninian ejistensia iha future naruk. Rua, konstrusaun fisika sidade nian kontinua halakon area agrikultura tempu ba tempu, ne’ebe mos sei kausa marjinalizasaun ba komunidade. Tolu, Populasaun sira ne’ebe pratika agrikultura semi-­‐urbana Dili nian orijinalmente mai husi Munisipiu sanulu resinrua seluk, ne’ebe mos moris ho kultura halo to’os no natar, no sira kontinua pratika moris agrikultura bainhira sira muda mai Dili. Identifikasaun ida ne’e hatudu katak timor oan sira trata agrikultura nu’udar identidade ida iha sira nian moris. Hat, halakon rai agrikultura sei kausa aihan menos iha sidade semi-­‐urbana no sei dependenti ba aihan husi rai seluk ne’ebe uzu kimiku. Lima, peskiza ida rekomenda atu Governu tau atensaun ba konseitu hari komonunidade foun ne’ebe, babain bolu urbanizasaun, ne’ebe konsidera importansia ejistensia pratika agrikultura parte ba kultura Sidade Timor nian, hodi fo anin, aihan no protese biodiversidade. Damian Grenfell RMIT 30 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Violence at the intersection of economy and culture in Timor-­‐Leste: Changing Space, Rethinking Interventions and Contesting Power Since independence, the extent and impact of violence against women has been a continuous theme in public and policy debates in Timor-­‐Leste. Despite concerted efforts, there is little sense yet that violence is abating. This paper will draw from recent field work and policy analysis to make a series of intersecting arguments relating to the experience of domestic violence by married women in Timor-­‐Leste, particularly in an effort to move debate forward in terms of what may be required for policies of prevention and support. To do this, the paper will move through three steps. The first is to work at the definitional level, thinking both on the ways that Timorese society is commonly categorised as patriarchal, and how violence is often understood within a societal context. Secondly, and more conceptually, the paper will make an examination of the ‘married economy’, a concept which in turn gives rise to a what will be referred to as 'relative containment', namely the economic structural constraints that tend to make it intensely difficult for a woman to leave an abusive relationship. Identifying how these economic dimensions intersect with other aspects of social life, the third part of the paper will move towards making a series of arguments of how these issues are being confronted at a policy level, and what else may be required in order to mitigate the risk of violence experienced within households and domestic spheres more generally. António Gusmão UNTL Fungsi Tara Bandu sebagai bentuk Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Pembangunan pertanian yang diimplementasikan di Timor-­‐Leste pasca kemerdekaan menunjukkan kecenderungan mengadopsi teknologi tinggi, tanpa mempertimbangkan keselamatan manusia dan lingkungan di sekitarnya. Berdasarkan Konstitusi RDTL pasal 2 ayat 4 (artigu 2;4), penulis menawarkan nilai Tara Bandu sebagai kearifan lokal yang bisa diterapkan untuk mewujudkan pembangunan pertanian yang ramah lingkungan di Timor-­‐Leste di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji bagaimana fungsi Tara Bandu sebagai bentuk kearifan lokal dalam pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksploratif di mana peneliti menjadi instrumen utama. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Fatumean, dan kajian temuan lapangan menggunakan kerangka pemikiran kearifan lokal dan sistem pengetahuan lokal. Temuan lapangan menunjukkan bahwa Komunitas Fatumean memiliki falsafah knetek no ktaek, bahwa alam yang terdiri dari tanah, air, batu besar, pohon besar, mata air, gunung dan yang lainnya, memiliki tuan (na’in) sehingga bila manusia hendak memanfaatkannya harus melakukan sujud dan sembah (lou no sudur) dan meminta dan memohon (husu no seti). Dalam menegakkan falsafah tersebut dibutuhkan Badu atau Tara Bandu menetapkan larangan atau peraturan yang disertai sanksi atas pelanggaran terhadap falsafah knetek no ktaek. Terdapat pertentangan antara falsafah knetek no ktaek dengan sistem pertanian ladang berpindah yang cenderung merusak hutan dan habitatnya. Terdapat kearifan lokal berupa badu atau Tara Bandu (peraturan) tentang tempat yang cocok untuk berladang dan memiliki kebiasan bera (mengistirahatkan lahan untuk sementara waktu). Praktek pertanian berkelanjutan dilakukan melalui media fuik no bua sebagai sarana utama dalam melakukan sujud dan sembah (lou no sudur) dan meminta dan memohon (husu no seti) yang bermaksud membangun relasi harmonis antara manusia (ema), alam (rai klaran) dengan Tuhan (maromak). Inspirasi media fuik no bua ini terakumulasi dalam tradisi menanam di ladang yakni tiga biji jagung, satu biji kacang dalam satu lubang tanah dengan keyakinan bahwa interaksi antara biji 31 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference jagung, biji kacang dan tanah dapat memberikan kehidupan pada benih yang ditanam. Pola hubungan sosial komunitas Fatumean berdasarkan hubungan darah (hussar binan), sumpah setia (moruk metan) dan perkawinan (Fetosawa Umamane). Sementara pola kerjasama (fo bas ba malu) yang terdiri dari kerja sama berdasarkan konsensus (hakawak) dan kerjasama yang dilakukan secara suka rela berdasarkan undangan (hatama ema). Jose Cornelio Guterres UNTL Jestaun Rekursu Umanu iha Parlamentu Nasional Parlamentu Nasional nudar segundu orgaun seberania iha Estado RDTL ho kna’r importante tolu (3) maka nudar (1) legislador atu kria lei hodi regula estadu no nia sidadaun nia lalaok; (2) nudar orgaun fiskalizador ba implementasaun programas exekutivu sira nebe aprova liu husi parlamentu nasional; (3) nudar orgaun reprezentativu politika ba povu nebe eleitu sira tur iha parlmentu nasiona. Halao kn’ar hirak ne’e, parlamentu nasional fahe ba orgaun rua (2) maka hanesan; (1) Politika no (2) Konselhu Administrativu parlamentar. Orgaun politika nebe kompostu husi meja parlamentar, bankadas no komisaun sira iha parlamentu nasinal. Konselhu administrasaun, ne’e forma husi partidus lima (5) mais votadus iha parlamentu nasional nebe lidera husi Presidende Parlamentu nasional. Konselho ne’e atu maneija, administrasaun, finansas no rekursus humanus parlamentar atu fo assistensia tekniku ba deputadus sira nia servisus. Tuir mai, parlamentu nasional nudar orgaun independente nebe independetemente jere nia rekursus humanus, orsamentu inklui deside nia orsamentu rasik, deside nia salariu rasik no rekruta nia funsionarius rasik nebe la depende ba orgaun exekutivu. De fatus, parlamentu nasional iha potensia no vantajem bo’ot hetan rekursus nebe efisiensia no efikas se bainhira bele hadia dezafius no obstakulus hira tuir mia ne’e. kolokasaun no rekrutamentu staf sira tenki tuir abilidade no meritu laos bazeia ba konsiderasaun kor politika, amigus, familiarismu, rejionalismu no nia jasa iha pasadu (2) persija planu nebe adekuadu no sistema monitorizasaun, rekrutamentu no kapasitasaun nebe diak laos tanba deit exekusaun orsmantu iha fim do ano no perdiem sira; (3) persiju planu nebe diak kona ba “studi lanjutan” ba funsionarius sira, tan ne’e ema bele motivadu atu kontinua sira nia estudu,(4) tenki hakotu mentalidade dependensia ba assessoria intrnasional atu ganha fali fiar ba Timor oan sira; (5) persija uza lingua birokrasia bele fasilita ema hotu iha komnuikasaun por eskrita inklui produs lei sira atu povu bele kompreende. Jorge da Silveira Guterres & Michael Harrington University of Queensland & UNTL The relationship between reading attitude and reading achievement in L2 English and L1 Tetun by Timor-­‐Leste university students Attitudes toward reading can have a profound influence on reading achievement in the first language (L1) and second language (L2), although previous studies do not agree on the exact nature of reading attitude and achievement link. This study examines the relationship between reading attitude and reading achievement by Timor-­‐Leste university students when reading in their L1 Tetun 32 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference and L2 English. It also examines differences between female and male students on these variables. A reading attitude survey of 11 items and reading achievement test of 27 items were administered to N=33 participants in both their L1 and L2. The participants were majors in English language teaching at a university in Timor-­‐Leste. They were 14 females and 19 males. The data were analysed for reliability and then descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and paired t-­‐tests were calculated. The results showed no statistically significant relationship between reading attitude and reading achievement both in L1 and L2 reading. Further, results also revealed no significant difference between L1 reading achievement and L2 reading achievement; finally, there was also no significant difference found between the results for female and male students. Methodological and theoretical reasons of the observed lack of a significant relationship between attitude and reading achievement are discussed. Rosito Viana Guterres UNTL Rekursu Umanu nu’udar sasukat ba kualidade funsionalismu publiku Estudu Kasu: Ministério do Planeamento e Investimento Estratégico Ministerio Planeamentu no Investimentu Estrategico nu’udar Ministeriu foun husi remodelasaun V Governu konstitusional ba iha VI Governu konstitusional (Governu Atual). Mosu prekoupasaun konaba kapasidade rekursu umanu relasaun ho lideransa, sistema birokrasia no sistema kontrolo rekursu umanu iha Timor Leste funsionamentu no atendementu publiku nian persija tebes halo asessmentu para atu garantia kapasidade rekursus umanu. Atu garantia no jere Ministeriu ida nee, persija halo assesmentu ba rekursu umanu ne’ebe maka Ministeriu iha sai imperative, hodi Ministeriu ida bele sai nudar mata dalan ba komisaun funsaun publiku no sasukat ba kontrolu funsionamentu publiku nian. Planu asesmentu ida née sei hahu halao iha fim fulan Abril 2015 ate Junu 2015 iha Ministerio Planeamentu no Investimentu Estrategico no Ajensia relevantes sira seluk liu husi peskiza, hodi hatene konaba estatus rekursu umanu: konselleru; diretores, funsionariu sira, sira nian grau edukasaun no mekanismu hakbit funsionariu. Peskiza ida née sei uza metodolojia aprosimasaun tolu hanesan (1. Liu husi kuestionariu ho perguntas relevansia ho meus intervista ba grupo trajeitu sira, 2. Liu husi FGD1/ Diskusaun grupo no ikus liu 3. Ho maneira observasaun direita iha Ministeriu liu husi abilidade no prestasaun servisu. John Hajek & Francesco Goglia University of Melbourne & University of Exeter East Timorese Diaspora in Australia: preliminary results This paper presents preliminary results of a project on language maintenance, language use and attitudes amongst the East Timorese Diaspora in Australia. Data was collected through SurveyMonkey questionnaires in Tetun, Portuguese and English. Thirty respondents filled in the questionnaires in the cities of Darwin and Melbourne. Preliminary results show a reshaping of the complex language repertoire over generations. Respondents raised in East Timor are more multilingual than their parents, but their children less multilingual with English taking increasingly important role. The national languages are exiting the repertoires, with an increasing emphasis on Tetun and English. Tetun is linked to East Timorese identity whilst the use of Portuguese is in decline. 33 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference David Hicks Stony Brook University The Fretilin Administration (August 1975-­‐December 1975) This paper examines the apparent discrepancy between the politically mature manner in Fretilin set about restoring order in East Timor in the months of September, November, and December 1975 and the oftentimes careless way in which it had pursued its campaign for control over the colony during the preceding fifteen months. It describes how a group of young nationalists without any experience in administration or governing formed a de facto government that, while lacking formal legitimacy, nevertheless succeeded in restoring a large measure of order after weeks of warfare with two rival groupings and provided the colony with a reasonably effective administration until their newly created nation was engulfed by its giant neighbor, the Republic of Indonesia. The central problem posed in this paper is why Fretilin’s political character underwent this transformation and concludes that prior characterizations of its radical nature had been exaggerated. Brett Inder Monash University Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Timor-­‐Leste While Timor-­‐Leste has experienced sustained periods of strong growth in real Gross Domestic Product over the past several years, it is unclear to what extent this growth has benefited the poor. The growth has largely been driven by government-­‐led demand, based on Petroleum Fund revenues, and to this point, National Accounts data suggests there has been very little growth in sectors where the vast majority of the population work. This paper reports simulations of economic growth with variations in rates of growth in particular sectors. The results show that strong growth in some sectors will have virtually no impact on poverty rates, while modest growth in other sectors (especially agriculture) can lead to sizeable reductions in poverty. The paper also discusses some priorities for developing the agricultural sector. Sue Ingram UNTAET’s imprint on Timor-­‐Leste’s political institutions UNTAET consciously stepped back from involvement in framing the substance of Timor-­‐Leste’s constitution, with UN Transitional Administrator Sergio Vieira de Mello declaring in the lead-­‐up to the Constituent Assembly elections in August 2001 that the form of the constitution must be determined by the Timorese people alone. But by then the decisions and actions of UNTAET had already shaped aspects of Timor-­‐Leste’s future political institutions in fundamental ways. This paper illustrates this proposition through an examination of UNTAET’s role in centralising public administration at the expense of the districts and embedding partisan political processes over alternative forms of political organisation. The legacies of these institutional templates are still being worked through today. Marcelino Joaquim UNTL 34 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Strategi Penguatan Kapasitas Paguyuban Pedagang Jasa Tradisional Dago Kajian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masalah Pedagang Kaki Lima yang tergabung dalam orgranisasi PPJTD sebanyak 60 orang yang sering kali dianggap menjadi objek penyebab ketidaktertiban, ketidakbersihan dan ketidakindahan. Oleh sebab itu penggusuran yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah demi menciptakan keindahan kota. PKL itu sendiri adalah mereka yang lemah dan kurang mampu dan bahkan msikin, sehingga hanya mampu mengandalkan lahan publik sebagai tempat jual jajananya karena ketidak mampuan. Mereka adalah bagian dari sektor informal yang perlu diberdayakan oleh pemerintah untuk meningkatkan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan. Namun dasar masalah adalah lahan publik yang digunakan oleh anggota PPJTD dilarang. Hal ini sesuai dengan Perda No. 11 tentang Kebersihan, Ketertiban dan Keindahan (K3) tersebut, sehingga organisasi PPJTD melakukan penguatan keuangan anggota dalam arisan tenda baru untuk menggantikan tenda yang rusak agar dipandang menjadi indah dengan maksud untuk menghindari penggusuran yang tidak manusiawi oleh pihak pemerintah (Satpol PP). Melihat perlakuan yang tidak wajar tersebut pengurus PPJTD melakukan strategi pengadvokasian dalam memperjuangkan lokasi jualan untuk mendapatkan ijin bagi anggota PPJTD. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi dan analisis terhadap kemampuan organisasi yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor kempimpinan, keuangan, sarana prasarana, sumberdaya manusia dan keorganisasian. Dari beberapa aspek tersebut menunjukkan permasalahan dan kelemahan yang menonjol adalah sumber daya manusia dalam pengelolaan keuangan dan sumberdaya dalam pengadvokasian. Kelemahan tersebut disebabkan oleh latar belakang pengetahuan dan pendidikan yang rendah, sehingga tidak bisa mengelola keuangan dan pembuatan konsep-­‐konsep baik konsep administrasi keuangan maupun konsep pengadvokasian yang dalam memperjuangkan lokasi pedagang kaki lima. Selain itu kurang menjalin hubungan dengan organisasi atau lembaga-­‐lembaga masyarakat lain untuk mendukung pengadvokasian yang dilakukan oleh PPJTD. Faktor penghambat yakni masalah intern yaitu masalah sumberdaya manusia PPJTD belum pernah mengikuti pelatihan ketrampilan dan masalah eksternal yakni pemerintah tidak memberikan ijin kepada anggota PPJTD yang melakukan usahanya di atas lahan publik. Dengan beberapa permasalahan tersebut, maka dapat dianalisis melalui analisis SWOT yang kemudian memunculkan program-­‐program penguatan kapasitas keuangan dan pengadvokasian yang diperlukan pemahaman advokasi, pelatihan ketrampilan kepeminpinan dan manajemen, pembinaan kemitraan dan menggalang kekuatan untuk memperjuangkan lokasi, kemudian dibina untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dengan upaya-­‐upaya Win-­‐Win Solution. Hal ini memberikan kesempatan bagi anggota untuk menggunakan lahan publik dan lahan kosong pengusaha dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan usaha ekonomi anggota PPJTD dan pengentasan kemiskinan serta turut melestarikan dan menata PKL menjadi tertib, bersih dan indah sesuai harapan pemerintah kota Bandung. Peter Job University of New South Wales The Fretilin death list, secret briefings and the co-­‐option of Australian foreign policy, 1974-­‐75 This paper examines how Australian foreign policy was co-­‐opted by confidential briefings provided by Indonesian operatives to Australian embassy officials in 1974 and 1975. Such briefings encompassed a range of Indonesian clandestine activities, including propaganda, destabilisation, 35 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference military activity and the infiltration of Indonesian troops in the guise of pro-­‐integration Timorese. The briefings ensured that Australian officials were informed of, and thereby compromised by, their ‘unofficial’ knowledge of Indonesian covert activities, thereby restricting policy options and limiting Australia’s capacity to respond to developments. The paper will focus on one particular document provided by Indonesian intelligence agent Harry Tjan. It lists a number of grievances against Fretilin activists, allegations of links between Fretilin and the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and a ‘hit list’ of nineteen Fretilin leaders to be dealt with “when the times comes”. Takahiro Kamisuna Osaka University The independence of East Timor and democratization of Indonesia: the repression structure of Soeharto regime The Santa Cruz massacre, the mass killing which was captured largely by international media for the first time, was a critical juncture not only for the East Timorese but for Indonesians, who had been suppressed by the Soeharto military regime. It was the geração foun who played a significant role in the 1990s in the conflict in East Timor. RENETIL, one of the most influential resistance groups formed by Timorese youth, was successful in showing the reality of life in East Timor to the people of Indonesia and to the international society. Interestingly, their strategies created a better environment for Indonesian activists to conduct radical movements against the Soeharto regime, which they had failed to conduct since the 1960s. They also gave a blow to the structure of asymmetric information of the military regime, such as media control. Namely, their struggle became the trigger to change the repression structure of the regime. Marianne Kearney Critical Mass Consulting Working with Culture & Social Context and not Against it, How Culture Can be a Force for Change This paper will explore how failing to understand cultural perceptions of a health, or other development intervention, can create huge barriers to bringing about change using examples from Timor Leste. But by gaining a proper understanding of how culture determines people’s responses to a development intervention, particularly the social context for cultural reactions, and how these cultural perceptions and reactions might vary according to gender or social status, can open the opportunities for change. Even figures in a society who are defenders of the status quo, can become agents of change and willing to change their ways of perceiving an intervention, if approached in a way that respects culture, and views culture and social identity as dynamic. Even in a context of negative, and extremely prescribed views of gender roles in Timor Leste, with especially limiting and prescribed roles for women and girls , these gender and social roles, can be challenged to promote change, when there is an understanding of the cultural and social dynamics, and an understanding of the different desires for change, between rural or urban dwellers, or between different genders, or age groups in Timorese society. Lia Kent & Nuno Rodriguez Tchailoro 36 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Australian National University & Commissao de Pesquisa e Elaboraçao da Historia da Luta da Mulher Timor Assessing the Long Term Impact of Chega! 2015 is the ten year anniversary of the completion of the work of the Timor-­‐Leste Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR) and the tabling of its final report, Chega! (No More!/Stop!/ Enough!) in the National Parliament. This paper presents the preliminary findings of a project that analyses the long term impact of Chega! in East Timorese society. It examines the effectiveness of different programs designed to disseminate and ‘socialise’ Chega! and related CAVR products. It also examines responses to Chega! amongst government, the education sector, the Church, civil society organisations and journalists. Preliminary findings suggest that while political actors are supportive of Chega!as an educational resource on the Indonesian occupation and as a tool for promoting peacebuilding, they have paid scant regard to its recommendations. Tinan 2015 marka tinan 10 aniversáriu ba serbisu Comissão de Acolhamentu Verdade e Reconcilição no entrega relatóriu final, Chega ba Parlamentu Nasionál. Artigu ne’e sei aprezenta rezultadu preliminária ba projetu ne’ebé analiza impaktu longu prazu ba relatoriu Chega! iha sosiedade Timor-­‐
Leste. Sei ezamina efetividade husi programa sira ne’ebé dezeña ba diseminasaun no ‘sosializasaun’ Chega! no produtu CAVR seluk ne’ebé iha relasaun. Peskiza ne’e mós sei ezamina resposta ba Chega! husi governu, setór edukasaun, Igreza, organizasaun sosiedade sivil no jornalista sira. Rezultadu preliminária sujere katak autór polítiku sira suporta Chega! nu’dar rekursu edukasaun ida kona-­‐ba okupasaun Indonezia no nu’udar meius atu promove harii dame nia, iha parte seluk sira la dun fó atensaun ba nia rekomendasaun sira. Assessmentu ba Impaktu tempu naruk Chega! Tinan 2015 marka tinan 10 aniversáriu ba serbisu Comissão de Acolhamentu Verdade e Reconcilição no entrega relatóriu final, Chega ba Parlamentu Nasionál. Artigu ne’e sei aprezenta rezultadu preliminária ba projetu ne’ebé analiza impaktu longu prazu ba relatoriu Chega! iha sosiedade Timor-­‐
Leste. Sei ezamina efetividade husi programa sira ne’ebé dezeña ba diseminasaun no ‘sosializasaun’ Chega! no produtu CAVR seluk ne’ebé iha relasaun. Peskiza ne’e mós sei ezamina resposta ba Chega! husi governu, setór edukasaun, Igreza, organizasaun sosiedade sivil no jornalista sira. Rezultadu preliminária sujere katak autór polítiku sira suporta Chega! nu’dar rekursu edukasaun ida kona-­‐ba okupasaun Indonezia no nu’udar meius atu promove harii dame nia, iha parte seluk sira la dun fó atensaun ba nia rekomendasaun sira. Tomohiko Kimura “We do want them to have the opportunity to say what they want: a re-­‐examination of Foreign Minister Willesee’s role in making Australian policy towards the East Timor question from 1974 to 1975” This paper reviews Australian foreign policymaking process towards the East Timor question during the Whitlam government’s period with a special attention to the policy of Foreign Minister Willesee and the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA). Although several literatures have been authored regarding Australian foreign policymaking towards East Timor with a good attention to the roles of Prime Minister Whitlam and Richard Woolcott, the Australian Ambassador to Indonesia after March 1975, little has been written about that of Foreign Minister Willesee. With reference to a number of documents created by the DFA under Foreign Minister Willesee, this paper looks at serious efforts 37 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference made by him to shift Indonesia’s annexation policy of Portuguese Timor by force of arms for the sake of achieving a resolution on the basis of the will of the Timorese, while it was not successful in the 1970s. Monty King University of Western Australia Open online learning in development: Challenges and opportunities for students in Timor-­‐Leste With the hype surrounding Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) now abating, some leaders in the field have pointed to the potential for these courses and Open Educational Resources (OERs) to provide post-­‐secondary educational opportunities to meet growing global demand. While this may be a noble aspiration, little has so far been done to enable significant numbers of students in the developing world to study online. There are a number of key challenges to the uptake of MOOCs in developing countries, including access to the Internet and attendant infrastructure, the need to improve students’ digital and English language literacies, and the need to tailor courses to regional, national and local contexts. This presentation will examine the research on open online learning in development and focus on the potential benefits for post-­‐secondary students in Timor-­‐Leste. Catharina Williams-­‐van Klinken & John Hajek Dili Institute of Technology & University of Melbourne Tetu-­‐ges: Influensia Portuges ba estrutura Tetun Ita hotu hatene katak, Tetun Dili foti lia fuan barak loos hosi Portuges. Maibee ita laos foti lia fuan deit. Ema nebee hakerek Tetun, dala barak hakerek tuir estrutura Portuges nian. Saa tan bainhira sira tradus! Ezemplu ida mak fraze ‘pasivu’, hanesan ‘ekipa nebee lidera hosi primeiru ministru’. Estrutura nee laos hosi Tetun, maibee tuir estrutura pasivu iha Portuges (ho mos lian Indonezia ho Ingles). Iha aprezentasaun nee, autor sira koalia kona ba estrutura oi-­‐oin nebee foti hosi lian estranjeiru nian, liu-­‐liu Portuges. Sira mos analiza, tanba saa mak ema uza estrutura hirak nee. Catharina Williams-­‐van Klinken, Rob William & Helio Brites da Silva Dili Institute of Technology Tetun Dili laos Dili nian ona: Tetun nudar lian inan, tuir dadus sensus nian Tetun Dili sai lingua franka iha Timor-­‐Leste kleur ona, maibee too 1975, ema neebee koalia lian nee iha uma, uitoan deit. Hosi tempu nebaa too agora, numeru nee sae makaas loos. Tuir sensus 2004, hosi populasaun Timor-­‐Leste tomak, 24% koalia Tetun Dili iha uma; too sensus 2010, porsentu nee sae too 36%. Iha suku balu, liu 90% mak koalia Tetun Dili iha uma, maski uluk sira koalia sira nia lian rasik. Autor sira buka hatene, Tetun Dili sai lian uma laran nian iha nebee loos, ho mos suku nebee mak kuaze la iha mudansa kona ba lian. Sira mos analiza fator nebee mak dada ema iha suku balu atu muda ba Tetun Dili, i balu lae. Michael Leach 38 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Swinburne University of Technology The FRETILIN Literacy Handbook of 1974: An exploration of early nationalist themes This paper examines the representation of ideas of national identity and unity in the FRETILIN literacy handbook of 1974. Supporting the oral process of “consciencialização politica” the FRETILIN literacy campaign was a key measure to promote a national consciousness among the Timorese ethno-­‐linguistic groups, in the short lived decolonization era of 1974-­‐1975. As Anderson has argued, the rise of print cultures, and the associated standardisation and development of written national languages, were essential drivers of nation-­‐formation in the European states and other communities, including Indonesia. The early booklet Rai Timor Rai Ita Niang (Timor is our country), developed by Antonio Carvarinho, Borja da Costa and others, is a critical document of early East Timorese nationalism, representing one of the most important and widely distributed forms of nationalist political education engaged in during the decolonisation period. Drawing on the images and text, the paper examines the way the literacy booklet represented the nature of Portuguese colonialism, and provided the tools for traditional communities to envisage a wider “imagined” community of Timor-­‐Leste. Maire Leadbeater 1975-­‐ 40 years on New Zealand’s Role New Zealand was given advance warning of Indonesia’s intentions to invade East Timor. Instead of sounding the alarm, New Zealand diplomats cooperated with their colleagues in western nations to keep the invasion plans secret. The Government was so committed to a media strategy of silence and half-­‐truths that it took almost no action when New Zealand journalist Gary Cunningham was killed at Balibo in October 1975. The pro-­‐Indonesia pattern continued in the years following the invasion-­‐ New Zealand was the only western nation to attend the phony 1976 ‘Act of Integration’, and in 1978 New Zealand’s Ambassador to Indonesia was one of the first diplomats invited to visit East Timor. By contrast Jose Ramos Horta and other East Timorese representatives were kept at arm’s length. In 2002, then New Zealand Foreign Minister Phil Goff conceded that New Zealand failed East Timor in 1975, and New Zealand has contributed to the rebuilding of the new nation of Timor Leste. This paper will contend that this falls well short of the full accountability that is owed to the Timorese people and the international community. Dominggus Elcid Li Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change, Indonesia Suffering and Silence ‘in Camps’ Beyond Global Solidarity Abstract This paper is contains analytic research on the current East Timorese in camps in Indonesia. This paper explains why the current excluded group is unable to speak from the camps. Arrendt (1958) argues that life in a camp is not only a life in which citizenship rights are not applicable, but also devoid are the broader rights of Man. I argue that this particular suffering is a consequence of the decolonisation project, but it is beyond the capability of global solidarity to recognize the unknown political community whose narrative is beyond the reach of the global network. Here, Agamben’s critics—derived from Arendt and Foucault—give insight into the problem of ‘the people of camps’ 39 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference in the margins of nation states, as the effect of two different powers: juridical and disciplinary power. What I purpose here is that in order to be able to see the process of multiple exclusions in several different periods, it is a must to visit the history of East Timor’s decolonisation and the importance of the East Timorese to revisit the introduction of state into postcolonial society. Hannah Loney University of Melbourne Speaking Out for Justice: Bella Galhos and the International Campaign for the Independence of East Timor This paper will explore Bella Galhos’s role in the international campaign for the independence of East Timor. As a prominent global activist and a compelling speaker, Bella contributed to the development of an international solidarity movement that advocated for East Timor’s right to self-­‐
determination and, in doing so, connected with and inspired a wide network of churches, trade unions, human rights organisations, and women’s groups in support of the issue. Bella also suffered the consequences of speaking out for her country’s freedom. Her family in East Timor were repeatedly threatened and harassed, and this paper will consider some of the dangerous implications of international people’s diplomacy. As such, this paper will shed light upon the activities of a prominent yet understudied East Timorese female activist and the influence that she exerted upon East Timor’s campaign internationally. In doing so, it will highlight the importance of international solidarity networks and diplomacy to the ultimately successful struggle for self-­‐
determination in East Timor. Flaviano Pereira Lopes UNTL Kna’r Veteranu iha transformasaun sosiedade ba futuru mak diak-­‐liu Peskiza nu’udar sai xave husi intelektual sira hodi buka hatene tuir akonstesementu ne’ebe moris ona ho foin moris iha komunidade sira let. Peskizasaun hanesan mos motivu uniku atu bele hadi’ak no dezenvolve atividade organizasaun no karakteristiku individual iha sistema nia laran. Asosiasaun Kombatentes no Veteranus da Libertasaun Nasional, Komisaun Homenagem CVLN, Consselos dos Veteranus, instituisoens ne’ebe forma husi estadu ho objetivu fo valorizasaun ba ema registensia tomak. Ho Tema Peskiza “Knar Kombatentes Veteranus ba Oin”, peskizador halibur dadus liu husi Peskiza ba Munisipiu hitu, iha tinan 2014 nia laran. Tinan 2015 ho kontinuasaun ba nivel nasional ho lokalidade Dili. Rezultadu peskiza daidak ho daruak halibur pontus importantes balun di’ak, balun presiza hadi’ak, ba tempu badak, médiu no naruk. Tanba problemas barak iha Komisaun Homenagem seidauk resolve, iha tendensia problema nomos aumenta nafatin. Dadus konkreitus barak maka akontese, Consselos dos Veteranus dala wa’in mosu iha TVTL, realidade sira seidauk iha estatuta no bagan/estrutura. Problemas identifikadu iha internal Komisaun Homenagem maka ne’e: falsifikasaun dokumentus, rekurzus humanus sei menus, hatudu posibilidade KKN. La iha kontinuasaun registrasaun ba ema Registensia balun ne’ebe seidauk registu, no governu halo limitasaun tempu. Klasefikasaun valores luta iha Frenti barak maka to’o ohin loron la realiza. Veteranus barak maka simu pagamentu kada fulan, uja osan ho manajementu ladun klaru, la iha rekordasaun historiku ruma. Veteranus barak maka simu pagamentu dobradu husi linha veteranu 40 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference rasik, hanesan eis funsionariu Portugês, eis funsionariu Indonesia, Vitalisia eis deputadu-­‐a, hetan tan oportunidade no konfiansa absolutu ba projetu oioin, ne’ebe revela mos mudansa involvimentu ema nian husi funu ba iha dezenvolvimentu. Mosu mos sentiment katak Estadu rekoinese liliu maka Frenti Armada/FA no matebian sira, la fo valorizasaun ba Frenti Clandestina/FC, Frenti Diplomatika/FD, Frente seluk tan. Lamentasaun haktuir katak lideransa sira inklin ba militarizasaun historia funu popular nian, ne’ebe dehan katak funu libertasaun nian sentraliza ba FALINTIL. Sira haluha Filozofia Gerilia Sosial dehan: “ami maka idak, povu mak we no tasi.” Bazeia ba atividade atual, Peskizador fo solusaun katak, atu bele hamenus problemas diekriminasaun sosial hirak ne’e, presiza akumula hotu ema xave no intelektual registensia sira, ho nune’e problemas diskriminasoens oioin iha Instituisoens Kombatentes–
Veteranus bele hetan harmonizasaun ho susesu. Ba future, veteranos presiza sai edukador ba nasionalismu, kontribui aktivu iha nivel politika hodi solusiona problema sira ne’ebe nasaun no povu hasoru. Atu halao knar ida, veteran tenki proteze ninian ejistensia no imajem publiku nian. Thomas Lopes Many Hands International Attitudes towards, and strategies for prevention of, tobacco use in Timor-­‐Leste Timor Leste has the highest percentage of male smokers in the world. The use of tobacco has serious consequences for individuals and society, and contributes to the development of adverse health outcomes. The use of tobacco also contributes adversely to household economies and society in general. Timor Leste has not yet diseminated any laws regarding tobacco regulation, use or the sale of tobacco to minors. The existence of traditional cultural practices in which tobacco use plays an integral part, also contributes to complexities around attitudes to tobacco. This paper will present information on attitudes towards tobacco use, based on research undertaken in the Municipality of Lautems and in Dili in 2014. The research was conducted by Many Hands International in partnership with Deakin University, Melbourne. Information from the research will be used by MHI and Deaking University to plan for future strategies to support government policies around the control of tobacco. Carla Luís University of Sydney Timor-­‐Leste independente: que instituições para o novo Estado? Nesta comunicação pretendemos analisar o design institucional do novo Estado timorense. Num contexto pós-­‐conflito, pretendemos ver de que forma estas instituições dão forma ou são o resultado de um possível acordo de partilha de poderes, como isto afectou a sua configuração e de que forma estas opções são percepcionadas. Para tanto, iremos analisar o desenho institucional do sistema de governo e a composição parlamentar, intimamente relacionada com a adopção do sistema eleitoral. Relativamente a este último, analisaremos quer o sistema eleitoral inicialmente adoptado e implementado pela ONU, bem como as suas subsequentes alterações e efeitos. 41 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference O objectivo é aferir de que forma o design institucional do novo Estado é percepcionado como adequado, e os seus efeitos para a paz e estabilidade. Apresentaremos resultados ainda preliminares da investigação em curso, com base quer na literatura relevante, quer em trabalho de campo, nomeadamente entrevistas a actores políticos relevantes em Timor-­‐Leste. Independent Timor-­‐Leste: which institutions for the newly born state? We will analyse the design of the Timorese liberal state institutions shaping the new independent state. We will focus on the post-­‐conflict scenario and analyse how these institutions shape or are the product of a possible power-­‐sharing agreement, how this affected its design and how these choices were and are still perceived. For this purpose, we will analyse the design of the government system and the parliament composition, closely linked to the adoption of the electoral system. Regarding the later, we will analyse the electoral system initially designed and implemented by the United Nations, its subsequent changes and effects. Our aim is to assess to which extent the institutional design of the new liberal state was perceived as adequate and its effects on post-­‐conflict and stability. We will present preliminary results of a work in progress, based on the scientific literature and fieldwork, namely interviews to relevant Timorese political actors. Armindo Maia Australian National University Shifting Perceptions of Nationalism in Timor-­‐Leste: From Libertacao da Patria to Libertacao do Povo (From Liberation of the Motherland to Liberation of the People) This paper examines the shifts of perceptions of nationalism among the Timorese society in the post-­‐
independence period with a focus on education based on a field study in four districts across Timor-­‐
Leste. It attempts to capture the range of perceptions within relevant categories of the society and how discourses at the national level are contested or confirmed at the local levels at schools. The findings of this study indicate that there has been a swift and significant departure from the typical outward-­‐oriented perceptions of pre-­‐independence nationalism to a more internally-­‐focused type in the post-­‐independence context. Participation in the national development, strengthening of national unity and reassertion of national identity were the three major aspects that were perceived to be clear manifestations and expressions of post-­‐independence nationalism. The study equally highlights a general concern of the ‘erosion’ or decline of nationalism among the society on the one hand while arguing for the need for the recovering and strengthening of nationalism through education in particular on the other hand. Marjuna Mavila Husi Lisan Halo Familia ba Buka Verdade, Ho Lisan Mak Fo Serteza ba Familia Hodi Hakmatek 42 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Hamosu sintidu klean atu bele kumpriende natureza familia sira nia esforsu ba buka ema hirak ne’ebe mak lakon forsadu duranti okupasaun Indonesia nian ne’ebe too ohin loron laiha serteza ruma ba sira nia paradeiru. Susar ba familia atu hakmatek sei bainhira seidauk hatene lolos konaba sira nia ema ne’ebe lakon, tamba seidauk iha sinais ruma ne’ebe mak hatudu katak sira ne’ebe lakon ne’e mate ka sei moris hela. Karik mate ka sei moris, laos razaun hodi hamihis familia sira seluk nia esforsu atu nafatin buka tuir paradeiru to’o hetan pontu verdade nian. Peskiza ida ne’e investiga impaktu kultura no lisan lokal ba familia nia esforsu hodi ba buka membru familia ne’ebe lakon durante okupasaun Indonesia, no haree oinsa familia sira hodi uza kustume lisan lokal tuir sira nia fiar nudar uniku dalan ba atinji konviksaun ida ne’ebe sei fo serteza ba familia sira atu bele hakaat ba iha klima hakmatek nia laran. Nuno Canas Mendes University of Lisbon Timor, meu amor Como em qualquer actividade humana, as relações internacionais mesclam emoção e razão e desta fusão resultam decisões que espelham ligações afectivas portanto nem sempre lógicas que aproximam e afastam os povos e que pesam nas respectivas relações externas. Assim, procuraremos nesta comunicação analisar as relações entre Portugal e Timor-­‐Leste procurando isolar o que têm de idiossincrático, de 1975 aos nossos dias, lançando algumas pistas que se prendem com mecanismos identitários de compensação: a história e com a actualidade, saudosismos imperiais, generosidade e interesses e soft power. Armindo Moises, Antonio do Rego, Amandio Ximenes, Apolinario Ximenes no Maria Martins Ministério de Agricultura e Pescas Koto Nani Áfrika Hetan Adaptasaun Diak Iha Timor-­‐Leste Koto nani (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ne’ebé baibain ema kuda hodi fa’an no sai hanesan ai-­‐han importante ida, kuda durante tempu naruk nia laran ona iha Timor-­‐Leste. Esforsu Ministério de Agricultura e Pescas (MAP) liu husi Direcção Naçoinal das Pesquisas (DNPs) mak oinsa kombate málnutrisaun ne’ebé afeta tebes ba labarik sira. Timor-­‐Leste tama iha nasaun ne’ebé kategoria málnutrisaun okupa númeru 3 iha Mundu (WHO, 2013). Tuir data (Minitério de Saude no Unicef tinan 2013), hatudu katak, 50 % husi labaraik Timor-­‐
Leste ne’ebé ho idade tinan 5 mai kraik, sofre málnutrisaun. Iha tinan 2009 MAP ho apoiu husi programa Seeds of Life (SoL), implementa testu koto nani variedade foun oin 16 ne’ebé mai husi Rwanda/Áfrika no koko to’o tinan 2014. Husi varidade foun ne’ebé peskiza, iha oin 8 mak sei kontinua hala’o teste to’o agora tanba iha produsaun ne’ebé konsisténsia aas bainhira kuda iha ambiente ne’ebé diferensa nomos tinan barak nia laran. Rezultadu médiu produsaun husi tinan 2009-­‐2014 hatudu katak, kuaze variedade foun hotu hatudu rezultadu ne’ebé mak bo’ot liu lokál. Variedade ne’ebé iha rezultadu aas liu mak RWV 1348 ho nia produsaun 1.40 (t/ha) bo’ot liu husi médiu lokál ne’ebé ho produsaun 0.68 (t/ha). Carmeneza Dos Santos Monteiro Office of the Prime Minister 43 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference The Clash of Harmony and Reform in the New Political Settlement Timor-­‐Leste is at an important turning point for its leadership and its development outlook. The members of the sixth constitutional government present both changes in political leadership and a new developmental outlook for the country. Dr Rui Maria De Araújo is the first Prime Minister to possess a technocratic background, with significant political and public administration experience. Dr De Araujo has consistently, throughout all his speeches, committed to undertake both public sector reforms and economic reforms. He also emphasises important roles for the founding fathers in guiding his leadership. Such a position creates hopes as well as scepticism. The founding fathers of the country, (the ‘1975 Generation’), have so far occupied positions of power and influence and favour highly centralised decision-­‐making processes and financial control. This paper discusses the implication of harmony with the founding fathers and describe opportunities where reforms can take place eloquently. Florindo Morais Neto, Samuel Bacon Ministry of Agriculture, Seeds of Life Klima Maka’as: Udan bot, anin bot no temperatura maka’as mak bele estraga ita nia fatin Ita analiza dadus klima loron loron nian husi tempu antigu to’o agora tuir dadus ne’ebé ita iha. Ita hare’e ba dadus iha fatin sanulu resin lima ba leten iha Timor-­‐Leste. Balu hahu’u husi 1914 no lao to’o agora maibé la kompleto. Ita sei bele hatene tempu ne’ebé udan maka’as liu mak bele estraga ita nia to’os, ponti, uma no buat seluk tan. Ita mos analiza temperatura manas maka’as no malirin maka’as hodi hatene diak liu tan kona ba impaktu ba ita nia to’os. Ita hare’e mos ba anin bo’ot mak bele hamonu ita nia batar ka estraga uma kakuluk. Ita halo komparisaun ho desastre ne’ebé ita hetan iha tempu antigu ho desastre ne’ebé ita hetan agora hanesan udan bo’ot iha Viqueque ka anin bo’ot iha Maubisse. Tuir hanesan ne’e ita bele prepara a’an diak liu tan ba futuru. Isabel Moutinho Universidade La Trobe O trauma do colaboracionista num romance curto de Timor-­‐Leste. Após o período de ocupação indonésia (1975-­‐1999) e desde a independência, em 2002, Timor-­‐Leste escolheu a via da reconciliação, tanto com a grande potência vizinha como entre os timorenses. Contudo, esta escolha oficial não reflete inevitavelmente a necessidade da população de acertar as contas com a história, dissecando, ou talvez exorcizando, o sofrimento – experimentado, mas também infligido – durante o conflito. É este o tema que do pequeno romance Iha Nafatin Dalan atu Fila (2011), de Maximus Tahu, escrito em tétum, vencedor do concurso “Istoria Timor” em 2010. O livro trata das reações que a consciência da própria traição desencadeia na mente de um rapaz que se juntou às milícias pró-­‐Indonésia, cometendo atrocidades contra o seu povo. O facto de a narrativa não ser autobiográfica serve para sublinhar a maneira contundente em que a memória coletiva e as experiências traumáticas compartilhadas por uma comunidade se conjugam para impedir a aceitação automática do perdão. Dealing with the trauma of collaboration in a short novel from Timor-­‐Leste Following the period of Indonesian occupation, from 1975 to 1999, and since independence in 2002, Timor-­‐Leste has chosen the path of reconciliation, both with its powerful neighbour and between all 44 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference East Timorese. However, this official choice does not necessarily reflect the population’s need to deal with, or perhaps exorcise, the suffering – endured but also inflicted – during the conflict. This is clearly mirrored in the short novel Iha Nafatin Dalan atu Fila (2011), by Maximus Tahu, written in Tetum, and the winner of the 2010 Istoria Timor competition. The novel focuses on the reactions that consciousness of betrayal triggers in the mind of a youth who joined the pro-­‐Indonesian militias and engaged in atrocities against his people. The fact that it is not an autobiographical story serves to highlight the forceful way in which collective memories and traumatic experiences shared by a community cannot automatically be shaped into forgiveness. Kate Neely Deakin University Water Supply in Rural Aldeia. Why Residents Need to Make Choices About Service Levels. Collecting water from a spring, or bathing and washing clothes in a river are still regular chores for residents of rural aldeia in Timor Leste. There is an estimated ‘break-­‐down’ rate of about 30% per year for newly implemented water systems and no estimates are available for the number of systems that supply barely enough ‘improved’ water for drinking and cooking. As part of a PhD research program, data was gathered regarding water use in several rural aldeia. Analysis of the data points to the limitations of community tap stands in improving access to water or saving time for residents to engage in other activities. Choice is a significant factor in development so this article elucidates the options that communities could be given in regard to services for water supply. It appears that more informed choices about service levels, fees, management and technical arrangements could see more robust outcomes for water systems. Guteriano Neves Department of Research and Analysis of the Presidency Inequality in Petroleum-­‐Dependent Country: Timor’s Case Petroleum has been an important commodity for Timor-­‐Leste since 2007, and it will still be critical for Timor’s overall economic development for several years ahead. As a commodity, petroleum has very unique characteristics that shape overall economic activities. It shapes the way that the state interacts with the society, the state’s roles in overall economic development, the relations between urban and rural, and the attitudes of the elite. Building upon the author’s work on the political economy in Timor, this paper takes a look at the role of the public sector and inequality in Timor. In order to do so, this paper qualitatively examines the role of the public sector in the economic setting of Timor-­‐Leste, the distribution of public expenditure across different segments of society, the composition of Timor’s Non-­‐Oil GDP, and its labor’s share. While this paper discusses inequality, it is important to take into consideration the fact that inequality is not a product of current policy, and is not unique to Timor. This paper argues that dependency on petroleum and the current policy exacerbates inequality in Dili comparative to other places. Trent Newman and Marcos Taec Abi University of Melbourne and Dili Institute of Technology Transnational Collaboration for Academic Literacies Development in Timorese Higher Education 45 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference This paper reports on outcomes from a transnational project that analysed different understandings of and approaches to academic literacies development in higher education settings in Timor-­‐Leste and Australia, and explored possibilities for adaptation of resources and strategies across different institutional, linguistic, and cultural contexts. This was a collaborative pilot project conducted in 2014 between language educators and researchers at Dili Institute of Technology’s Centre for Language Studies (CLS), Charles Darwin University’s School of Academic Language and Learning (SALL), and the University of Melbourne’s Graduate School of Education. The paper will focus on the processes involved in coming to a shared understanding of ‘academic literacies’, in identifying similarities and differences in the challenges facing first year tertiary students at CDU and DIT, and in developing appropriate teaching strategies and resources for local classroom realities. This discussion will be supported with reference to relevant literature on academic language acquisition in multilingual classrooms (Achugar & Carpenter, 2014; Morita & Kobayashi, 2008; Stroud & Kerfoot, 2013) and across different disciplinary and institutional contexts (Duff, 2010; Leung, 2008). João M. Dos Reis C. Noronha UNTL Prosesu Hamosu NDP 2002 no SDP 11– 30 tuir Perspetiva Ema Timor Nian Iha loron 20 Maiu 2015 ne’e, estadu no povu Timor-­‐Leste atu selebra restaurasaun independendia Timor-­‐Leste nian ba dala XIII. Ho otas ida ne’e bele dehan hanesan otas labarik ida ne’ebé foin buras dadaun. Ho ida ne’e ita bele dehan katak sei iha buat kurang ruma ne’ebé mak estadu foun ida ne’e ida ne’e enfrenta, liu-­‐liu iha área planeamentu no dezenvolvimentu. Iha dekade ida liu, Timor-­‐Leste iha ona planu dezenvolvimentu nacional rua: (1) NDP 2002 – 2007, no (2) SDP 2011 -­‐ 2030. Prosesu hamosu planu rua ne’e iha diferença prinsipal. Liu-­‐liu iha prosesu hamosu SDP 11 – 30 ne’e, maun boot Xanana Gusmao nudar Primeiru Ministru ida mak hamrik lidera rasik prosesu hamosu planu ida ne’e. Iha aprezentasaun ida ne’e atu esplika oinsa perspetiva ema Timor nian konaba prosesu hamosu planu rua ne’e. Liu-­‐liu oinsa sira nia perspectiva konaba involvimentu Primeiru Ministru ida nian iha lidera rasik prosesu hamosu planu estratejiku nacional ida ba Timor-­‐Leste. Sa motivasaun mak iha? Karik prosesu ida ne’ebé mak ideal tuir sira nebe involvidu iha estudu ne’e no planu ida ne’ebé mak tuir sira katak planu ema Timor hotu nian. Atu explora no hetan resposta ba kestaun sira ne’e, hakerek-­‐nain uza metodolojia etnografiku nebe uza teknika intervista klean no observasaun. Hakerek-­‐nain halo mos leitura ba dokumentu planu rua nian no dokumentu relevante sira seluk. Intervista informador-­‐xave hamutuk 42 (15 women) iha Timor-­‐Leste iha Agustus – Outrubru 2010. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) uza hodi analiza data ne’ebé iha. Estudu ne’e hetan katak, la iha konsesus nacional ida atu hamosu mekanizmu ida hodi tulun hamosu planu estratejiku dezenvolvimentu nacional ida ema Timor-­‐oan hotu bele simu. Iha durante IV Governu Konstitusional, iha estrutura governu ida bot liu estrutura iha I – III Governu Konstitusional nian, maibe la fo importância ba iha asuntu planeamentu. Ida ne’e indika liu husi halakon tiha Ministeriu Planu Finansan (MoPF) hodi hamosu deit Ministeriu Finansas (MoF). Tuir perspectiva ema sira involvidu iha estudu ne’e katak iha hamosu SDP 11 – 30 ne’e, nia prosesu ne’e iha politizasaun mak makas liu, liu-­‐liu tamba besik ba iha eleisaun 2012. Feto balun mos hanoin katak prosesu ne’e la dun fo espasu ida propriu ba sira iha prosesu konsultasaun ne’ebé sei hamosu planu ida dehan ema Timor hotu nian. Iha mos rekomendasaun importante hamosu husi estudu ne’e ba governu RDTL nian mak hanesan: (1) presiza atu hare fila-­‐fali Artigu 115 iha Konstitusaun RDTL nian konaba planu no dezenvolvimentu; (2) Presiza hamosu konsensus nacional ida atu hamosu mekanizmu planeamento ida ne’ebé parte hotu bele simu; (3) Harí ajensia planeamento nacional ida kolabora no 46 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference koordena prosesu planeamento ida partidu hotu bele simu no atu iha implementasaun ida diak ba dezenvolvimentu ida sustentavel. Carlos Andrés Oviedo Ospina Universidade de Brasília Kultura e política fundiária. Apontes para uma reflexão da construção do estado timorense a travês dos conflitos por acesso a terra Resumo: Desde a restauração de sua independência, o Estado leste-­‐timorense tem investido na produção de uma política para a titulação de terras, sendo este um de seus desafios administrativos mais delicados. O tema do cadastro e regularização da propriedade constitui se como um desafio diante do complexo contexto histórico do país com relação as experiências recentes de conflito. Estes empreendimentos ao redor da titulação constituem se como estratégia para a introdução de novas concepções com relação à propriedade privada e da pose da terra que estariam avançando na configuração geral do estado nação e de cidadãos. A partir disto, neste trabalho apontarei alguns elementos para a discussão sobre alguns elementos dos complexos locais de governança/kultura e a forma como os dispositivos de governo nacional no que tem a ver com o reconhecimento de direitos de uso ou de propriedade fundiário se inserem dentro destes. Por outro lado desenvolverei um marco conceitual que permitam avançar na compreensão do Estado timorense, entendendo por este a extensão de vários processos de governança que so podem ser entendidos na continua interação e conflito das relações sociais. Lisa Palmer University of Melbourne Water Politics and Spiritual Ecology: Custom, Governance and Development Water governance is a subject of ever increasing local and global importance. In many areas water is not only a vital resource but is also endowed with an agency and power that connects people, spirit beings, place and space. Drawing on a decade of ethnographic research in the Baucau Viqueque zone this paper offers a critical account of the complex social and ecological specificities of water in this region. Comparatively framed by examples of the recognised international need to incorporate and foreground cultural diversity in water governance, it gives insight into the challenge of combining customary and modern water governance regimes. In doing so it addresses a need for sustained critical ecological inquiry into the social issues of water governance. Lisa Palmer, Ritsuko Kakuma, Susana Barnes and Herculano Siexas Dos Santos University of Melbourne Oinsa bele halo asistensia saúde mental asesível liu iha Timor Leste? Aprosimasaun inter-­‐disiplinária ida Artigu ne’e halo relatóriu konaba peskiza preliminária ida ne’be buka atu 1) tulun Ministériu Saúde, Sosiedade Sivil, no komunidade lokal sira iha Timor-­‐Leste atu dezenvolve, fahe, no halo evaluasaun ba asistensia iha área saúde mental ne’be maka integradu no respeita kultura, no mos 2) kontribui ba dezenvolvimentu polítika global iha area saúde nian ne’be integradu no sustentavel. Peskiza ne’e involve ekipa inter-­‐disiplinária husi Australia no Timor-­‐Leste. Ami sei hato’o rezultadu preliminária 47 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference konaba oinsa atu hari’i kapasidade iha área peskiza no hametin konhesimentu atual konaba oinsa atu intégra práktika tradisional saúde nian ho sistema formal asistensia saúde mental nian iha Timor-­‐
Leste. Rezultadu xave husi estudu preliminária ne’e mak hanesan 1) impaktu ne’be espesialista tradisional no práktika tradisional sira iha prosesu ba kualker tratamentu saúde nian importante tebes; 2) presiza buka hatene diak-­‐liu tan konaba práktika ka tratamentu tradisional sira, prinsípiu no hanoin espesialista tradisional nian sira konaba saúde no servisu saúde formal nian sai hanesan hun ka abut, hodi hari’i parseiru ho komunidade espesialista tradisional sira no hodi hala’o estudu etnográfiku konaba sira nia práktika sira; no mos 3) tamba kultura, fiar no saúde mental hanesan tópiku hotu ne’be sensível no kompleksu tebes, tamba ne’e mak kolaborasaun ho investigador Timor-­‐oan sira importante tebes hodi lori konhesimentu iha área ida ne’e ba oin. Lisa Palmer, Ritsuko Kakuma, Susana Barnes and Herculano Siexas Dos Santos University of Melbourne Oinsa bele halo asistensia saúde mental asesível liu iha Timor Leste? Aprosimasaun inter-­‐disiplinária ida Artigu ne’e halo relatóriu konaba peskiza preliminária ida ne’be buka atu 1) tulun Ministériu Saúde, Sosiedade Sivil, no komunidade lokal sira iha Timor-­‐Leste atu dezenvolve, fahe, no halo evaluasaun ba asistensia iha área saúde mental ne’be maka integradu no respeita kultura, no mos 2) kontribui ba dezenvolvimentu polítika global iha area saúde nian ne’be integradu no sustentavel. Peskiza ne’e involve ekipa inter-­‐disiplinária husi Australia no Timor-­‐Leste. Ami sei hato’o rezultadu preliminária konaba oinsa atu hari’i kapasidade iha área peskiza no hametin konhesimentu atual konaba oinsa atu intégra práktika tradisional saúde nian ho sistema formal asistensia saúde mental nian iha Timor-­‐
Leste. Rezultadu xave husi estudu preliminária ne’e mak hanesan 1) impaktu ne’be espesialista tradisional no práktika tradisional sira iha prosesu ba kualker tratamentu saúde nian importante tebes; 2) presiza buka hatene diak-­‐liu tan konaba práktika ka tratamentu tradisional sira, halo prinsípiu no hanoin espesialista tradional nian sira konaba saúde no servisu saúde formal nian sai hanesan hun ka abut, hodi hari’i parseiru ho komunidade espesialista tradisional sira no hodi hala’o estudu etnográfiku konaba sira nia práktika sira; no mos 3) tamba kultura, fiar no saúde mental hanesan tópiku hotu ne’be sensível no kompleksu tebes, tamba ne’e mak kolaborasaun ho investigador Timor-­‐oan sira importante tebes hodi lori konhesimentu iha área ida ne’e ba oin. Making mental health services accessible in Timor Leste: An interdisciplinary approach This paper reports on preliminary research which aims to 1) assist the Timorese Ministry of Health (MoH), Timorese NGOs and local communities to develop, deliver and evaluate accessible, culturally sensitive and integrative mental health services and 2) contribute to the development of more integrated and sustainable health sector policies globally. Carried out by an inter-­‐disciplinary Australian and East Timorese research team, we present our findings on ways to build research capacity and strengthen current knowledge on integrating customary health and healing practices with mental health care in Timor Leste. Three key findings from the preliminary study were 1) the importance of traditional healers and customary practices in the success of mainstream treatment for any health condition; 2) the need to fully understand customary practices, underlying principles and traditional healers’ perspectives 48 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference about health and mainstream health services, to build effective partnerships with the traditional healer community and to carry out an ethnographic study of their practices; and 3) given the sensitivities and complexities about culture, belief systems and mental health, collaboration with East Timorese researchers is a critical component of advancing knowledge in this field. Lisa Palmer, Ritsuko Kakuma, Susana Barnes and Herculano Siexas Dos Santos University of Melbourne Oinsa bele halo asistensia saúde mental asesível liu iha Timor Leste? Aprosimasaun inter-­‐disiplinária ida Artigu ne’e halo relatóriu konaba peskiza preliminária ida ne’be buka atu 1) tulun Ministériu Saúde, Sosiedade Sivil, no komunidade lokal sira iha Timor-­‐Leste atu dezenvolve, fahe, no halo evaluasaun ba asistensia iha área saúde mental ne’be maka integradu no respeita kultura, no mos 2) kontribui ba dezenvolvimentu polítika global iha area saúde nian ne’be integradu no sustentavel. Peskiza ne’e involve ekipa inter-­‐disiplinária husi Australia no Timor-­‐Leste. Ami sei hato’o rezultadu preliminária konaba oinsa atu hari’i kapasidade iha área peskiza no hametin konhesimentu atual konaba oinsa atu intégra práktika tradisional saúde nian ho sistema formal asistensia saúde mental nian iha Timor-­‐
Leste. Rezultadu xave husi estudu preliminária ne’e mak hanesan 1) impaktu ne’be espesialista tradisional no práktika tradisional sira iha prosesu ba kualker tratamentu saúde nian importante tebes; 2) presiza buka hatene diak-­‐liu tan konaba práktika ka tratamentu tradisional sira, prinsípiu no hanoin espesialista tradisional nian sira konaba saúde no servisu saúde formal nian sai hanesan hun ka abut, hodi hari’i parseiru ho komunidade espesialista tradisional sira no hodi hala’o estudu etnográfiku konaba sira nia práktika sira; no mos 3) tamba kultura, fiar no saúde mental hanesan tópiku hotu ne’be sensível no kompleksu tebes, tamba ne’e mak kolaborasaun ho investigador Timor-­‐oan sira importante tebes hodi lori konhesimentu iha área ida ne’e ba oin. Vicente Paulino CEMRI, PPGP-­‐UNTL A primavera de 1974 em Portugal e Timor na boca dos leões Não pretendendo neste artigo descrever a história deste período – uma pequena nota de história que ninguém entende absolutamente nada – interessa agora aqui é identificar os problemas que levaram o projecto de descolonização que os senhores de 25 de Abril trouxeram a Timor não deu a luz da liberdade aos timorenses, mas sim, deixaram os timorenses mergulhados nas ondas de sofrimentos. A descolonização envolveu três Estados: Portugal, Indonésia e a Austrália. Assim, de forma sumária, o resultado de todas as negociações foram deitadas de forma cínica, destruindo assim de um Timor que quer ser livre e independente. Portugal, por seu turno, não tinha princípio político próprio em relação do futuro das suas colónias, principalmente o de Timor. Desse modo, ficou preso na armadilha política e diplomática do regime indonésio; Austrália era um país que fala muito a democracia, mas antes disso praticava uma política de “limpeza geral” o povo aborígene. É um país que ofereceu o seu voto à Indonésia para invadir Timor-­‐Leste, pois do ponto de vista política-­‐económico se interessou muito para a exploração das riquezas do mar de Timor com a Indonésia sem consentimento do povo timorense; o Norte-­‐
americano (EUA) era e é uma nação potente do mundo e protector do ocidente que em 1974-­‐1975 49 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference apoiou a Indonésia invadisse o território de Timor-­‐Leste, cuja política de destruição das ideias de liberdades dos países recém-­‐criadas, tal política foi aplicada também nas Filipinas; a Indonésia, por seu lado, aproveitou o convite do governo português para ser um interlocutor activo na aceleração do processo de descolonização de Timor, facilitando assim a sua linha política que era sem dúvida reivindicar o Timor Português para a sua República. Crisogno Soares Freitas Pereira Instituto Catolico Para a Formacao de Professores, Baucau Papel Dosente Nu’udar Fasilitador Dosente nu’udar fasilitadór edukasaun. Ezisténsia dosente nesesita esperiénsia auto-­‐kapasitasaun ne’ebé konduza objetivu edukasaun no enkontra esperiénsia aprendizajen hodi estabelese probabilidade responsta konduziva ba nesesidade estudante iha prosesu aprendizajen apropriável, atu fasilita klaramente kondisaun institusaun edukasaun propria. Papel nu’udar fasilitadór, dosente prontu atu kria fasilidade ne’ebé provável atu fasilita atividade aprende estudante sira nian, hodi nune’e, bele kria ambiente aprendizajen intersante ba estudante. Papel nu’udar fasilitadór iha prosesu aprendizajen, tenke nu’udar xave, tanba la-­‐hodi papel ida ne’e, estudante sei hetan difikuldade atu dezenvolve ninia auto-­‐dezenvolvimentu. Reflete ba papel dosente nu’udar fasilitadór, iha peskiza akadémika ida sei dezenvolve kestaun ida nune'e mós objetivu ida atu hetan deskrisaun klara oinsá dosente iha Instituto Católico para a Formação de Professores [ICFP] hala’o ninia papel nu’udar fasilitadór iha prosesu hanorin no aprende liuhosi kria kondisaun aprendizajen konduzivu hodi optimiza kapasidade estudante superiór ICFP. Celestino Boavida Pereira UNTL Kesepakatan Mengernai Referendum di Timor Timur Pada Tahun 1997, terjadinya krisis moneter yang melanda Indonesia yang menyebabkan terjadinya hambatan di berbagai bidang pembangunan seperti: ekonomi, politik, sosial dan budaya. Hal ini menjadi penyebab terjadinya demonstrasi dari berbagai kalangan, khususnya di lingkungan kampus. Desakan mahasiawa membuahkan reformasi pada awal tahun 1998, yang pada akhirnya terjadi pergantian pemimpin. dari Presiden Soeharto diganti oleh Wakil Presiden B.J. Habibie. Karena tuntutan dari negara-­‐negara luar Eropa dan Asean agar Indonesia terus melakukan reformasi dalam politik dan khususnya membantu Propinsi yang ke 27 yaitu Timor Timur agar bisa menentukan nasibnya sendiri. Berhubungan hal itu, desakan-­‐desakan tetap dilakukan oleh Portugal sebagai bekas kloni Timor Timur, dengan Pemerintah Indonesia bersama menentukan masa depan Timor Timur. Sehingga sampailah Kesepakatan 5 Mei 1999 di New York yang terjadi antara Indonesia dan Portugal di bawah koridor PBB yang merancang suatu cara prosedur konsultasi melalui penentuan pendapat secara, rahasia, langsung dan universal. Perubahan politik dunia dan dalam negeri Indonesia yang Implikasinya terjadilah kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia atas Timor Timur, sehingga baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung Indonesia telah memberi kepercayan kepada rakyat Timor Timur untuk menentukan nasibnya sendiri dengan cara melalui jajak pendapat (public election) untuk memilih Daerah Otonomi Khusus atau Merdeka. Maka realitasnya dilapangan mulai Polri dan TNI mendampingi UNAMET selaku misi PBB yang dibentuk berdasarkan Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB tertanggal, 5 Mei 1999, No. 1246 untuk menjalankan tugas jajak pendapat di Timor Timur. 50 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Puncaknya pada 30 Agustus 1999, secara serentak jajak pendapat diadakan di seluruh Timor Timur maupun di luar Timor Timur yang dengan perolehan suara dari kedua kubu itu masing-­‐masing dari pro-­‐ kemerdekaan 78,50% dan pro-­‐ integrasi 21,50%. Leandro C. R. Pereira, Felisberto Amaral Soares, Armindo Moises, Rojinho da Cunha, Denisia Raquela Soares de Brito, Robert Williams Teste agronomia batar ba variedade sele uza adubu an-­‐organik iha Timor-­‐Leste Batar ( Zea mays L. ) hanesan ai-­‐han ida ne’ebe importante ba Povu Timor-­‐Leste atu konsumu iha moris loro-­‐loron. Iha 2007 Ministeriu lansa ona varidade batar hanaran Sele, ho nia produsaun 2.5 t/ha a’as liu kompara ho local (1.8t/ha). Peskiza ne’e uza replikasaun 3 ho distansia kuda 75 x 25 cm. Iha tinan 2013-­‐2015 dirasaun pesquisa buka hatene varidade batar Sele nian produsaun liu husi peskiza agronomia (uja adubus an organiko ; Fósforu ho Nitrojéniu) iha sentru fatin 4 (Loes, Betano,Ululefa ho Aileu) maibe koko dala 6. Tanba iha Loes ho Betano kuda dala rua. Fatin 3 mak iha impaktu ba Nitrojéniu doze 30 kg/ha hanesan iha Betano tempu udan no bailoro nia produsaun sa’e husi 2.2 t/ha to’o 3.0 t/ha ), depois iha Ululefa (Maubisse) ho nia produsaun sa’e husi 3.7 t/ha to’o 5.0 t/ha bainhira tau adubu Nitrojéniu 60 kg/ha. Fatin 3 laiha impaktu ba Nitrojéniu hanesan iha Aileu, Loes tempu udan no bailoro. Adubu Fósforu la fo impaktu ba fatin 5 hanesan Aileu, betano bailoro, Loes udan ho bailoro nomos Ululefa tempu udan. Iha fatin ida deit mak fo impaktu Fósforu mak Betano tempo udan ho nia rezultadu produsaun sa’e husi 2.2 to’o 2.8 t/ha ho doze 40 kg/ha. Ba fatin hotu-­‐hotu lalika tau adubu Fósforu maibe ba fatin ida deit bele uza adubu Fósforu hanesan Betano. Utilize Adubu Nitrojéniu fatin rua deit hanesan Betano ho Ululefa (Maubisse). Inácio Savio Pereira, Salvador de Jesus, Leo Mau Leto, Luis Patrocinio Lehe nu’udar teknolojia foun hodi hamate du’ut no hasa’e nutrisaun rai Sistema kuda lehe (Mucuna pruriens, L) bele fo’o benefisiu diak ba to’os nain sira wainhira kuda lehe iha batar nia le’et. Lehe mos taka du’ut nomos hadia rai nia bokur. Ema barak seidauk hatene kuda lehe ba batar nia le’et sai sistema nebe diak ba to’os nain sira nomos lehe iha posibilidade taka du’ut. Iha objetivu katak buka hatene impaktu lehe hodi taka rai no sai mulsa liu-­‐liu ba batar.Peskiza lehe ne’e ita koko hamutuk ho to’os nain sira hahu sukat rai, kuda no halo observasaun ba lehe nia moris, sukat lehe nia tahan taka rai to’o tahan maran sai mulsa. Peskiza lehe iha fatin 36 akumula husi distritu hat hanesan Aileu, Bobonaro, Liquica no Viqueque, nomos sub-­‐distritu Viqueque villa, Maubara, Balibo, Remexio, Laulara no Lequido, lehe ne’e koko iha fatin nebe du’ut manulai no du’ut funan mutin domina. Tuir observasaun ikus katak lehe nia moris kuaze diak iha OFDT hotu, rezultadu lehe maran taka rai 4cm-­‐10cm ba distritu Aileu, Bobonaro, Liquica no Viqueque. Lehe maran taka rai hatudu katak fatin refere sei fo’o estrume ba rai.To’os nain sira nia hanoin katak sira gosta kuda lehe iha sira nia to’os tamba hamate du’ut, hadia rai nia bokur nomos hamenus oras hamos to’os. To’os nain sira haktuir katak sira gosta kuda lehe tamba wainhira lehe moris diak no produs mulsa barak entaun bele fo’o benefisiu diak rai. Lehe ne’e fo’o impaktu diak tamba bele hamate du’ut manulai no du’ut funan mutin wainhira lehe moris ho kondisaun nebe buras bele hamate du’ut nomos fo’o estureme diak ba rai. 51 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Eliana Silva Pereira A estratégia da CPLP para os oceanos Apresentando-­‐se cada vez mais como um polo promotor da cooperação em todos os domínios, a par da tradicional concertação político-­‐diplomática e da promoção da língua Portuguesa, a CPLP tem vindo a posicionar-­‐se estrategicamente no contexto global e a dinamizar um conjunto de ações estratégicas que permitam à organização assumir uma posição de maior destaque no âmbito da governação e das relações geopolíticas e, simultaneamente promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, económico e social dos seus povos. Constituída exclusivamente por Estados-­‐membros costeiros, detentores de vastas áreas oceânicas sob sua jurisdição, a aprovação da estratégia da CPLP para os oceanos, na I reunião dos Ministros dos Assuntos do Mar, em 2010, representa marco significativo da comunidade no sentido de promover uma gestão integrada e desenvolvimento conjunto dos oceanos. Tendo por base as políticas nacionais dos respectivos Estados-­‐membros e diversidade existentes na lusofonia, a estratégia da CPLP para os oceanos identifica potências áreas de cooperação e iniciativas para a implementação de projetos alavancadas por mecanismos de governação sustentáveis de concertação política e técnica. Ekipa Peskisa & Ildefonso da Silva Many Hands International Prezervasaun Ekspresaun Kultura Fataluku nebe atu sai Lakon Surat ida nee sei hatudu resultadu ikus husi projetu peskija nian kona ba Prezervasaun Ekspresaun Kultura Fataluku nebe atu sai Lakon. Projetu nee iha kolaborasaun husi INGO Many Hands International, Secretaria de Estado da Arte e Cultura, no Konselhu Kultura Fataluku. Dadus nee halibur husi intervista, fotografia no rejistu video husi Posto Administrivo Lospalos, Lautem no Tutuala. Fataluku Kultura predomina iha Posto Administrivo sira nee. Elementu Patrimonia Kultural Imaterial neennula resin lima (65) rejistu konaba dominiu lime (5): Tradisaun no Espresaun Orál sira Artes husi Espetákulu Prátika Sosiál, Rituál no Eventu Festivu sira Koñesimentu no Prátika sira ne'ebé relasiona ho Natureza no Universu Aptidaun sira ne'ebé relasiona ho Artezanatu Tradisionál. Apresentazasaun nee sei inclui ezamplu espresaun kultural dokumenta tipu hotu: Vaihoho (poezia tradisional kanta no koalia); instrument musica inclui Oi’oil no Moto Me’e-­‐me’e; no Rata-­‐Lolo (istoria horiuluk kedas Celeste Francisca Pinto Hanorin Geografia Timor-­‐Leste nian iha pasadu no prezenti Nasaun Timor-­‐Leste sai nu’udar nasaun ki’ik-­‐oan ida iha loron 20 de Maio tinan 2002. Nasaun ne’e nia luan 14.610 kilométru quadradu inklui enclave Oe-­‐cussi nebe mak iha parte osiedental Timor ho luan 815 kilométru quadradru no illa Atauru iha parte norte husi Dili ho luan 144 kilométru quadradu no illa ida seluk mak Jaco ho luan 8 kilométru quadradu iha ponte leste teritoriu nian. Timor-­‐Leste, jeografikamente situa iha 8 grau do sol no 125 grau para leste. 52 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Timor-­‐Leste infrenta ona dezafius oi-­‐oin durante invazaun Indonésia nian ne’ebé mak rezulta numéru populasaun menus husi tinan 1975 to’o tinan 1999. Molok invasaun hahú, iha tinan 1973, igreja Katólika indika ona populusaun Timor-­‐Leste nian ho numéru ema na’in 674.550 no iha tinan 1974, numéru populasaun sa’e ba ema na’in 688.711. Tuir dadus Indonésia nian, hatudu katak iha tinan 1978-­‐1979, operasaun militar Indonésia nia laran pelu menus ema nain rihun 80 mak mate no ema nain rihun 70 mak sai vitíma ba menus de ai-­‐han. Referendu ne’ebe hala’o iha tinan 1999 mós rezulta numéru populasaun menus husi ema na’in 800.000 tun ba ema na’in 600.000. Iha tinan 2004, depois de Timor-­‐Leste hetan tiha ninian independénsia, numéru populasaun sa’e ba ema na’in 924.642. Alem populasaun jerál, Timor-­‐Leste mos iha administrasaun teritóriu Timor-­‐Leste nian ne’ebé eziste ona desde tempu okupasaun Portuguesa nian to’o mai tempu invasaun Indonesia. Iha tinan 2015, governu ba dala nen Timor-­‐Leste nian hakotu ona distritu 13 iha Timor laran atu sai fali munisípiu 13. Munisípiu hirak ne’e ko’alia lian inan ne’ebe sira kulia iha sira nia moris lor-­‐loron husi lian Austronésia nian no lian papua nian. Cristina Prata Arquivo Nacional de Timor-­‐Leste, Percursos de Salvaguarda Nesta comunicação, integrada no tema: História e Património, trago ao debate a ação desenvolvida pelo Arquivo Nacional, desde a sua constituição, após a restauração da independência, ate à atualidade. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o maior conhecimento do espólio patrimonial à guarda desta instituição, pergunto: Que documentos guarda? Quem e como o faz? A documentação aqui preservada começa a ser reunida a partir de 2000. Terminado um longo período de ocupação indonésia (1975-­‐1999) é tempo de reerguer o país. De diferentes edifícios são retirados documentos da Administração Indonésia. Dos sótãos do Palácio do Governo sai a documentação da Administração Portuguesa. A ação do Arquivo Nacional, bem como a coleção que possui é escassamente conhecida. Acredito que divulgação do trabalho, acompanhada da caracterização dos fundos, legitimará o seu valor, como espólio único e insubstituível, apoiando o esforço nacional de salvaguarda. Manuel Luís Real As eleições de 1975, para as comissões executivas regionais e locais: contribuição para a história da democracia em timor-­‐leste Apresenta-­‐se o contexto em que surgiu o projecto levado a efeito pelo Governo de Lemos Pires. É valorizada a iniciativa local, através da Comissão Promotora da Reorganização do Município de Lautém (CPRML). Explicam-­‐se os critérios utilizados e descreve-­‐se o processo eleitoral nos Sucos, nas sedes de Posto e em Lospalos. Refere-­‐se o suporte legislativo que iria acompanhar a reforma de Governo, na fase de transitória para a autodeterminação do território. Analisam-­‐se as causas do colapso do processo em curso, que estava a ser cumprido com grande dignidade e esperança, por parte da população timorense chamada a votar. A seriedade dos actos eleitorais foi patente a observadores estrangeiros e teve um poderoso testemunho na eleição final, para a Comissão Executiva da Região de Lautém, onde saiu vencedora uma lista alternativa à da própria CPRML. 53 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Leoneto da Silva Ribeiro ho Melky Fridus Ladis Costa Alkoyt Dili Institute of Technology Koitadu! Nusaa mak hau la liu fali ezame? Estudante iha Dili Istitute of Technology (DIT) barak la liu iha lingua. Maibee too agora, dosente sira seidauk hatene tansaa. Dosente koko ona hadia materia, metodu hanorin ho metodu avaliasaun. Agora autor sira buka hatene tan fator estudu saida mak foo impaktu ba estudante nia valor. Metodu peskiza mak kestionariu nebee husu informasaun kona ba estudante nia oras ho metodu estudu, no haree mos ba lista prezensa atu hatene estudante tama aula dala hira. Informasaun nee kompara ho rezultadu ikus ba lingua tolu. Ho nunee, dosente bele hatene liu oinsaa atu tulun estudante atu estuda ho diak. Leonito Riberio e Sancha M Tilman Reforma Lei iha Nasaun RDTL Atu halo reformasaun ba lei sira ne’ebé maka iha nasaun ne’e maka tekniku analiza hirak ne’e forma eplanasaun juridiku atu halo analozia no fila proposisaun (acontrario) hodi hare lei hanesan sistema normativu ne’ebe ho karakteristiku otonomia (especial) ka SUIS GENERALIS, hataka ka loke-­‐an ba moris komunidade, tanba ne’e maka halo konstrusaun lei hanesan refleksaun ba moris povu Timor-­‐
Leste ninian hodi halao no termina politika lejislasaun. Eksplanasaun peskiza bazeia ba doutrina Lawrence Friedman ho ninia teoria “Three Elements Of Legal System” nune mos Enprinsipu atu reforma Lei tenki bazeia ba teoria Friedman maka : a) Est r u t u r a L e g a l , b ) S u b t a s i a D i r e i t u , c ) K u l t u r a D i r e i t u , elementu tolu ba sistema juridiku mak hanesan estrutura juridiku kompostu husi meus suportativu ba judisiariu mak hanesan, hafoin Timor Leste kria sistema judisiariu no hari’i Tribunal to ohin loron Timor Leste foin iha eskritoriu Tribunal iha Munisipiu Dili, Munisipiu Baucau, Munisipu Kovalima nomos iha Zona Espesial Oecusse, no iha prizaun Dili, Baucau no Ermera, nomos agora dadaun halao hela konstruksaun no rehabilitasaun ba prizaun Kovalima no Oecusse, tantu ekritoriu ba Prokurador iha Dili, Ermera, baucau, Bobonaro, Kovalima, Oecusse, nunemos eskritoriu ba defensor publika iha hotu fatin ne’ebe menciona iha leten, reforsa husi advogadu privadu sira. Rekursu umanu mak hanesan ba grau akademiku ne’ebe as sei menus maioria autor jurisiariu ho grau akademiku lisensiadu (S1) nomos meus ida mak atu kapasita autor jurisiariu mak Iha ona Centro formação Juridico, ne’ebe atu produs Juiz, procurador, defensor Publiku nomos Advogadu privadu inklui sira ne’ebe sira hirak ke atu sai Asesor Legal. Substánsia legal mak hanesan a) funsaun lei bazeia ba teorikamente, b) inisiativa ba lei no reforma lei; no mos kultura juridiku mak hanesan aplikasaun ba lei. Mentoriza mak prosesu ida, rezultadu ka deklarasaun ne’ebe diak liu, no tenki haklaken mudansa, dezemvolvimentu, buras, evaluasaun ba sistema legal. Inisitiavia ba lei sira ne’e, geralmente mak hanesan produsaun ba valor rasiosiono ne’ebé mai husi konsiénsia emar ninian kona-­‐ba justisa ne’ebé relasiona ho komportamentu no kondisaun emar sira ne’e moris ba. Iha kontekstu ne’e katak lei hanesan feramentus hodi atinje justisa tanba dalaruma 54 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference mosu fali injustisa wainhira atuz ne’e kontraria ho situasaun no kondisaun emar ninia ka prosperidade emar ninian. Atividade reformasaun lei tenki halao atu atinji supermasaun lei nian ne’ebe justu. Actividade hirak ne’e mak : a) Uza direitu ne’ebe justu hanesan baze atu foti desijaun husi autoridade estadu. b) Laiha Intervensaun ba Instituisaun Jurisiariu.c) Autor Jurisiariu ne’ebe profesional. d) Kumprimetu Lei (Penegakkan Hukum) ne’ebe bazei aba prinsipiu justiça; e) Dezenvolve no Salva direitu emar nian; e) Iha partisipasaun publiku; f) Meknismu kontrolu ne’ebe efetivu. A t u h a l o r e f o r a m s a u n b a l e i b e l e m o s l i u h u s i : a) realiñamentu ( Penataan kembali) estrutura no instituisaun Juridiku inklui Rekursu Humanu ne’ebe iha kualidade. b ) Halo Formulasaun fila fali direitu ne’ebe Justu; c ) Dezenvolve A utor Jurisiariu sira atu hakotu kazu hirak ke kontra Direitu. d ) Partisipasaun komunidade iha Kumprimetu Lei (iha parte ne’e hatu’ur comunidade hanesan Subjeitu//neccessary condition), e ) Edukasaun Publikuu atu dezenvolve kuinesimentu comunidade ba área direitu nian, f ) Aplikasaun konseitu Boa Governasaun. Reformasaun iha Tribunal no Kumprimetu Lei ka autor jurisiariu importante iha haknar produs Lei, reformasaun ne’e atu kria tribunal no autor jurisiariu sira independenti, mos, no profesional. Iha parte ne’e tau matan husi Komunidade (social control). Media Komunikasaun sai papel importante atu reforsa kontrolu. Rogerio A. Sa & Shruti Lakhtakia Ministry of Finance, Government of Timor-­‐Leste Build Factories -­‐ A Case for Industrial Policy in Timor-­‐Leste Timor-­‐Leste, Asia’s youngest nation, aspires to achieve middle-­‐income status by 2030 on the basis of sustainable economic growth. This paper argues that if Timor-­‐Leste is to avoid the resource course which so often afflicts commodity dependent economies, it will have to pursue a comprehensive industrial policy which would strengthen its manufacturing base. Such a policy would result in a more diversified economy, with strong prospects for job creation and greater resilience to macroeconomic shocks, as well as better quality growth in the long run. The paper also suggests possible opportunities and challenges that Timor-­‐Leste would face in the pursuit of such a policy. Janelle Saffin Regional political developments and maritime borders This paper will chart regional political developments of Australia, Indonesia, Portuguese colonial Timor-­‐Leste, and now Timor-­‐Leste from the 1950s until today. It will demonstrate that politics was the dominant factor in setting the framework that governs the current exploitation and exploration of the resources in the Timor Sea. This also has shaped the non-­‐delimitation of maritime boundaries between Timor-­‐Leste and Australia. The political and legal history of the continental shelf and the median line and its influence in the debate will be detailed as it has direct bearing on the non-­‐
delimitation. Australia and Indonesia benefited each other, to exploit the rich hydrocarbon Timor Sea. Australia to get access and Indonesia to get de jure recognition of its illegal annexation of Timor-­‐Leste. The fall out of these earlier decisions impact on today's. 55 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Ricardo Goulão Santos Post-­‐conflict demand for secondary education and legacies of conflict in Timor-­‐Leste Beyond primary and before higher education, there is growing concern for the need to better understand the drivers of demand for secondary education. Mediating these two levels, secondary education is directed to an important cohort in post-­‐conflict countries, the youth. In countries where the “youth bulge” is a risk, adolescents’ aspirations are a factor to understand and meet. This study seeks to contribute to such knowledge, investigating the drivers of demand for secondary education. In a post-­‐conflict setting it does so by acknowledging the importance of understanding impacts of conflict in the medium-­‐run, when the violence inflicted had already elapsed. Analysing the country of Timor-­‐Leste in the school year 2004/05, five years after the end of Indonesian occupation, this study finds evidence of a peace dividend, manifested in higher preference for attendance of secondary school among those that survived a shock of extreme violence while they were of school age. Cipriano de Fátima Sarmento, Eugénia Pereira da Costa Cruz, Sonia Maria Pires de Jesus, Celso Lobo Exposto, Nicolau dos Santos Babo, Rigoberto da Silva Freitas, Isidoro Frederico Tilman e Herculano Vicente UNTL A implementação do tara-­‐bandu no suco de poetete, distrito de ermera Este trabalho propõe apresentar a pesquisa do Grupo de Estudo sobre Tara-­‐Bandu, grupo composto por estudantes de diferentes áreas e instituições de ensino, coordenado por professores do Programa de Qualificação Docente em Língua Portuguesa (PQLP/CAPES) -­‐ cooperação brasileira em Timor-­‐Leste. Apresentamos o tara-­‐bandu em três categorias: o regulamento que regula ou vincula a relação entre as relações das pessoas numa convivência social; regulamento regula ou vincula a relação entre as pessoas e os animais; e regulamento que regula ou vincula a relação entre as pessoas e o seu ambiente. O objetivo da pesquisa é compreender a implementação do tara-­‐bandu no suco de Poetete, distrito de Ermera, e seus impactos no ambiente e na sociedade. Para isso, foi realizada uma entrevista com o chefe do suco. Espera-­‐se com isso, contribuir para os estudos e discussões sobre utilização do tara-­‐bandu em território timorense. Decio Ribeiro Sarmento & Joao Baptista Da Cruz Cardoso Georgia State University Risk Assessment for Groundwater Resources in Dili, The Capital City of Timor-­‐Leste As a newly independent nation-­‐state, Timor-­‐Leste is in the process of developing itself to achieve better conditions to meet and provide for the needs of its citizens. However, Timor-­‐Leste is still facing challenges in many areas, including a lack of clean water supply from groundwater resources. Dili, the capital city of Timor-­‐Leste, is an emerging urban city, making water availability crucial. High birth rates and continuing rural-­‐urban migration to Dili signifies that the population in Dili is likely to increase, and this has put more pressure on water resources. For the groundwater resource in Dili -­‐ deforestation, lack of waste management, and unsafe boreholes and unmanaged domestic wells -­‐ 56 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference are the main issues that need to be addressed because they can greatly affect groundwater in terms of reducing the quantity and potential hazards for contamination. This paper highlights that assessing the risk to groundwater resources is vital for the sustainable management of the water supply in Dili. This paper can definitely serve as an effort to raise awareness about the groundwater issue in the country that should be considered by the government of Timor-­‐Leste. Pelagio Sarmento Lao Hamutuk Oekuse: entre Mehi no realidade Estudu ida ne’e atu haree ba modelu dezenvolvimentu Zona Espesial Economiku no Merkadu Sosial iha Rejiaun Oecusse (ZEESM). Objetivu husi estudu ida ne’e mak atu haree espesifikamente ba impaktu husi modelu dezenvolvimentu ida ne’e ba ekonomia no sosial ba tempu badak no tempu naruk iha Oecusse no iha Timor-­‐Leste. Modelu Dezenvolvimentu ZEESM ida ne’e hanesan modelu ida ne’ebé bazeia ba mehi ne’ebé aas liu. Modelu ne’e foin mak hahuu hanoin kona iha 2013-­‐2014 ho estudu baze ne’ebé limitadu teb-­‐tebes maibe Governu Timor-­‐Leste aloka ona orsamentu tokon $94, no projetu balun hahuu hala’o ona. Tanba ne’e hakarak atu revee fila fali modelu dezenvolvimentu ZEESM no nia aplikasaun iha kontekstu dezenvolvimentu Rejiaun Oecusse nian no implikasaun ba rejiaun sira seluk iha Timor-­‐Leste. Kelly Silva Universidade de Brasília/ Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Administrando pessoas, coisas e rituais. Pedagogia econômica como tática de governo em Timor-­‐
Leste Abordam-­‐se nesta apresentação práticas de gestão de pessoas, coisas e rituais por parte do Estado nacional e da Igreja Católica em Timor-­‐Leste. Tendo por foco de análise o tara bandu realizado no distrito de Ermera, em 2012, propagandas oficiais, entrevistas e outros documentos, demonstro como certa racionalidade a respeito do que é considerado como dispêndio adequado de bens materiais tem se tornado objeto de governo, dando origem a uma pedagogia econômica. Tal pedagogia econômica implica um projeto de purificação, tal como caracterizado por Bruno Latour. Ademais, os argumentos que moldam as práticas de governo analisadas opõem as instituições de reprodução social locais ao que é tomado como desenvolvimento. No entanto, do ponto de vista de grande parte dos leste-­‐timorenses, não há desenvolvimento -­‐ o que quer que venhamos a considerá-­‐
lo -­‐ sem que obrigações rituais sejam honradas. Managing persons, things and rituals. Nation building as purification in Timor-­‐Leste This paper addresses current attempts to manage people, things and ritual practices by the national state and the Catholic Church in Timor-­‐Leste. Based on the analysis of official propaganda, interviews and other documents, it points out how certain rationale about what is deemed the correct disposal of material resources has come to be a matter of government concern. One proposes to consider such government endeavors as purification efforts as Bruno Latour has depicted it. Considering as a case study what has been called Tara Bandu from Ermera, I argue that such purification efforts entail an economic pedagogy. In addition, by discussing the arguments framing the government practices towards local practices of reproduction, one highlights how the later are perceived in opposition to the development as utopia and ideology. However, from the 57 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference point of view of ordinary people no development – whatever it comes to be – can be reached without honor ritual obligations. Felisberto Amaral Soares, Leandro C.R. Pereira, Moises Pereira Lobato, Denisia Raquela Brito & Armindo Moises Ministerio da Agricultura e Pescas Husi teste adaptivu fehuk midar bele hariku diversidade aihan iha Timor -­‐ Leste Tinan -­‐ tinan Timor -­‐ Leste sei nafatin infrenta menus ai-­‐han no liu -­‐ liu iha tempu bailoron, Timor -­‐ Leste mos iha posisaun datoluk iha mundu hamlahak depois Burundi ho Eritria (WHO 2013). Iha saude 50% labarik sira nebe tinan 5 mai kraik infrenta badak ho kondisaun nebe ladun diak ou bele dehan malnutrisaun, (Ministerio saude no UNICEF 2013). Peskiza adaptasaun fehuk midar hodi buka varidade balun mak resultado a’as no adapta ba klima, asegura menus aihan, suporta saude nomos bele hariku diversidade aihan iha rai laran. MAP liu husi Seeds of Life (SOL) ne’ebe suporta husi Ausaid no ACIAR buka varidade oin-­‐oin husi rai liur (CIP-­‐Indonesia) mos varidade lokal hodi halo peskiza. Peskiza ne’e uza dejeino replikado ho varidade 15 no fatin 5 (Betano, Baucau, Aileu, Loes nomos Ululefa). Tempu kuileta tetu todan isin/plot, todan/isin ida, isin/hun nomos hun/m2. iha mos testu sabor hodi rekoila ema nia hanoin no sente oinsa konaba ba varidade nebe mak sira koko (gostu, lagostu, maran, been, rahun no to’os na’in hili). Rezultadu mediu produsaun husi tinan 2013 ho 2014 ba Varidade relis ona durante ne’e, Hohrae1 no Hohrae2 mak sei nafatin fo rezultado diak kuaze iha fatin hotu. Varidade foun tolu Cip71 (9.06 t/ha), Cip78 (9.68 t/ha) nomos Cip83 (7.55 t/ha) mak nia produsaun a’as. Varidade Cip83 mos iha kor kinur nebe riku ho vitamina A diak ba matan, vaidade L.Baucau nia produsaun naton ema gosta tanba han gostu no kor kapas. L.Baucau nebe ho kor rosu (antitoksin) bele hamos vineno. Francisca A. de J. Soares Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education (MTB-­‐MLE) Pilot Program-­‐A step towards providing quality education in Timor-­‐Leste The use of unfamiliar languages in Timor Leste’s classrooms prevents the children from learning effectively. To address this problem, the Timor-­‐Leste Ministry of Education, started a pilot program in 2012 using Mother Tongue Based-­‐Multilingual Education (MTB-­‐MLE). Worldwide research has proven that MTB-­‐MLE can significantly boost achievement. MTB-­‐MLE aids the children’s cognitive development through their first language, improves their academic achievement and helps them in learning additional languages, thus preparing them to effectively participate in the social and economic development of their country. Learning is made relevant and enjoyable through child-­‐
centered methodologies using the principle of going from their mother tongue (the known) to the new knowledge and languages (the unknown). This program’s implementation and the 2014 test results has shown significant improvement in the children’s educational acievements. Though it seems controversial to some, the MTB-­‐MLE program is one of the innovative steps for improving the quality of education in Timor-­‐Leste. 58 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Laurentina “Mica” Barreto Soares Swinburne University of Technology Relasaun entre Povu /People-­‐to-­‐People Relations: Xina ho Timor-­‐Leste Komponente importante ida husi polítika relasaun externa Xina nian mak relasaun entre povu ho nia objetivu atu haburas nia lasus sosial, kultural no ekonomia ho rai seluk. Komunidade Xines tasi-­‐balun sira/Chinese community overseas nudar parte importante ida nebe hala’o Xina nia polítika relasaun entre povu ne’e. Desde ukun-­‐aan iha tinan 2002, polítika relasaun entre povu liu husi komunidade Xines tasi-­‐balun sira iha Timor-­‐Leste sai hanesan instrumentu importante nebe Xina uza hanesan soft power ida hodi promove lasus entre rai rua ne’e. Artigu ne’e tenta atu análiza papel relasaun komunidade Xines tasi-­‐balun sira liu husi sira nia aktividades sosial, kultural no ekonomia iha Timor-­‐
Leste katak relasaun ne’e fo duni benefísiu mútua ba rai rua ne’e ka lae. Bazeia ba peskiza empíriku inklui entrevista no observasaun sira hatudu katak polítika relasaun entre povu rai rua ne’e laiha benefísiu mútua no hamosu tensaun tamba iha konflitu entereses iha ekonomia entre komunidade Xines tasi-­‐balun sira (Xina-­‐Timor ho Xina-­‐foin-­‐mai sira), entre Xina foin-­‐mai sira no komunidade lokal. Iha parte seluk, relasaun ne’e mos hamosu distorsaun ba valores sosial no kultural lokal nian. Abril Fátima Lemos Soares ho Robert Williams Aihan Husi Sereal iha Timor-­‐Leste hahu tinan 1961-­‐2013 Timor-­‐Leste hanesan nasaun ne’ebe sei desenvolve-­‐an preciza tau matan ba aihan principal hodi desenvolve atu bele hetan seguranca aihan ba populasaun Timor-­‐Leste. Objectivu husi peskiza ida ne’e atu kompara aihan iha tempu Português, tempu Indoenesia no tempu Independencia, hodi hatene iha tempu saida mak populasaun nia aihan husi sereál hanesan batar ho hare hetan kuantidade barak no uitoan hodi sustenta sira nia moris. Baseia ba dadus aihan tinan 1961-­‐ 2013, ne’ebe partilha husi Website Faostat3.fao.org ba software Exel spread sheet data hodi halo analiza hatudu resultadu aihan kilograma kada ema iha nasaun tomak. Iha tempu Português tinan nebe’e aihan sae uitoan 1962 (50kg/ema) no aihan tun liu iha tinan 1971 (25kg/ema) tamba akontese udan bo’ot iha teritori Timor Leste . Iha tempu Indonesia aihan barak iha tinan 1991 (149kg/ema) no aihan uitoan iha tinan 1998 (83kg/ema) tamba krize politika ba ukun rasik-­‐an ne’ebe halo populasaun la hakmatek hodi buka aihan. Tempu ukun-­‐an aihan aumenta iha tinan 2010 (180kg/ema) no aihan menus iha tinan 2011 (88kg/ema) tamba impaktu husi fenomena La Niña. Aihan sereál hanesan batar ho hare nia kuantidade iha Timor Leste seidauk hetan balansu ho numeru pupulasaun no preciza aumenta atu bele hetan aihan naton ba sosiedade Timorense ho jerasaun ne’ebe sei aumenta iha futuru. Aihan local (rai laran nian) ita bele hatete katak aihan menus liu iha Português nia tempu, aumenta uitoan iha Indonesia ho Ukun-­‐rasik-­‐an nia tempu maibe seidauk bele asegura seguransa aihan ba povo nasaun Timor-­‐Leste. Mariquita Soares UNTL Analiza konaba gestaun Rekursu Umanu iha MSS Governu Tranzisional daruak ne’ebé lidera hosi Dr. Mari’i Alkatiri, Ministru no Xefe, serbisu sosiais sei dirije nafatin iha areas ne’ebé sei hanesan. Ikus mai, iha Primeiru Governu Constitutional ne’ebé lidera husi Primeiru-­‐Ministru sei Dr. Mari’i Alkatiri, de lega serbisu sociais ba iha Sekretáriu de Estado 59 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference ida, ne’ebé hanaran Sekretáriu de Estado do Trabalho e da Solidariedade, (SETS), no hahú iha tinan 2002 to’o tinan 2004. Iha fulan Jullu 2005, SETS sai fali hanesan Ministériu ida, ho naran Ministériu do Trabalho e da Reinserção Komunitária, (MTRC). Mudansa ida ne’e bazeia ba Dekretu-­‐Lei no. 2/2005 kona-­‐bá remodelasaun estrutura orgánika. Iha MTRC, estabelese mós Sekretária de Estado titular ida, ne’ebé hanaran Sekretária de Estado dos Asuntu dos Veteranos e Antigos Kombatentes. Diresaun ne’ebé iha MTRC hamutuk lima (5), mak hanesan : Diresaun Nasionál da Administrasaun e das Finansas, Diresaun Nasionál de Empregu e Formasaun Professional, Diresaun Nasionál dos Asuntu dos Veteranos e Antigos Kombatentes, Diresaun Nasionál dos Serbisu Sociais no Diresaun Nasionál doTrabalho. Tuir mai, iha IV Governu Konstitusional, sei nafatin kontinua tau importánsia boot tebe-­‐tebes hodi fortifika serbisu iha areas sosiais nian. Ho ida ne’e, liu hosi Dekretu-­‐Lei no. 7/2007, 5 de Setembru, kona-­‐bá Orgánika IV Governu Konstitusional, ne’ebé deklara iha artigu 27 no mós Dekretu-­‐Lei no.10/2008, de 30 de Abríl, kona-­‐ba Lei Orgánika MSS, hodi estabelese Ministériu da Solidariedade Social (MSS), hanesan Departamentu Central IV Governu Konstitusional, ne’ebé iha responsabilidade ba konsepsaun, ezekusaun, koordenasaun, no avaliasaun polítika, ne’ebé definida no aprovadu hosi Konsellu de Ministériu, iha areas asisténsia social, seguransa social, gestão de dezastre e Kombatentes da Libertasaun Nasionál. Liu husi intervista, konversa informal sira, no halo analiza ba dokumentu sira Ministeriu nian, peskiza ida maske nune’e sei halo analiza deit ba Estatus Rekursu Umanu Ministerio Solidariedade Sosial, hodi hetan konklusaun katak MSS iha ona rekursu umanu naton atu halo suksesu ba servisu Ministeriu nian. Dirce Maria Soares Presidencia Fatór sira-­‐ne’ebé influensia koñesimentu inan nian kona-­‐ba prátika fó-­‐han labarik ho idade fulan 0-­‐
23 iha Sub-­‐Distritu Dom Aleixo Objetivu husi estudu ida ne’e atu determina fator hospidar, fator agente no fator enviromentu ho koñesimentu no pratika kona fo susu no fo han labarik iha idade 0-­‐23 mezes. Estudu krosesional ho simple random sampling nebe uza ba 105 participantes inan no oan idade 0-­‐23 mezes. Ho selesaun purposive ba distritu ida no sub-­‐distritu ida. Peskiza ida ne’e halao iha fulan Setembru 2014. Kolesaun data halo intervista ho inan sira ebe iha oan 0-­‐23, no halo rekolhamentu hahan labarik idade 6-­‐23 mesez durante 24 horas halo antropometrika ba kalkulasaun todan ho naruk, todan ho idade no naruk ho idade. Data analiza uza SPSS verzaun 17.0 no analiza data konsumu uza programa nutrysuvey window. Resultadu hatudu 82.1% inan sira iha subdistritu Don Alexo lahatene saida mak susuben7. esklusivu, 17% deit mak hatene, 57.1% hatene susuben kinur no 42% mak lahatene.41% mak eskola sekundaria remata. 58.4% labarik idade 6-­‐23 mezes iha menus energia konsumu, 13% adekuadu no 28.6% mak enerjia liu. 34.3% mak stunting, 19% mak wasting no 26% mak todan menus. Studu ezamina estatistikamente signifikativu (p value <0.05) associadu enter nivel edukasau inan menus ho koñesimentu susuben esklusivu . Signifikativu (P value <0.05) relasaun associadu entre stunting as iha sira nebe’e la simu informasaun husi pessoas saude. Relasaun signifikativu (p value 0.05) stunting iha idade labarik 15-­‐23 mezes. Signifikativu (p value 0.05) nivel edukasaun aman as iha nivel salario medio. Signifikativu (p value 0.05) nivel edukasaun inan as ho numeru oan menus husi nen. Rekomendasaun : Tau konsiderasaun importante ba saude labarik hodi participa diak liu tan atividade SISCA laos deit atu ba vasina, ou tetu maibe rona halo 60 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference informasaun hotu nebe relasiona ho fo susu liu –liu kona ba maneira prepara hahan, tein hahan nebe variedade, Utiliza kanal no material promusaun nutrisaun nebe’e relasiona ho vaxe mensajen ba fo han labarik kiik (IYCF) rutinamente no kria parseria de servisu nebe diak iha komunidade Involve partisipasaun lider komunitario sira hodi sensitiza informasaun IYCF, Mobiliza rekursu internu no esternu hodi suporta atividade hotu, liu-­‐liu ba nutrisaun. Advoka implementasaun estratejia nasional nutrisaun no politika seguransa alimentar hodi suporta pratika IYCF. Aproximasaun ba orientsaun programa suplemetu hahan ba tarjetu labarik 6-­‐59 hodi prevene malnutrisaun aguda moderada no promove akonselhamentu IYCF no periodu loron rinhu ida ba hamenus atunting. Halo formasaun kontinua ba pessoal saude no voluntaario saude sira kona ba IYCF. Ba peskiza tuir mai presiza konsira limitasoins hotu nebe iha no responde mos ba area rural no urbanu, Perguntas hotu nebe iha Kuesionario relasional ho koñesimentu nutrisaun ou prratika no hahalok presiza halo validasaun. Rekolhamentu presiza halao loron 3 hetan data klaru liu no bele observa diretamente saida mak inan sira prepara no tein. Victor Soares UNTL Efektifitas Implementasi Kebijakan Pendidikan Gratis Masyarakat Timor-­‐Leste telah mengalami tiga proses pendidikan, dan ketiga sistem pendidikan tersebut adalah sistem pendidikan yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah Portugues selama 450, sistem pendidikan yang diterapakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia selama 24 tahun dan sistem pendidikan pemerintahan Timor-­‐Leste. Dengan modal pendidikan yang diperoleh dari pemerintah Portugues dan pemerintah Indonesia selama 24 tahun akhirnya merubah status Timor-­‐Timur yang dulunya menjadi salah satu propinsi dalam negara kesatuan Rebuplik Indonesia, menjadi negara sendiri pada tahun 2002 dengan bentuk Negara Republik Demokratika de Timor-­‐Leste. Pembangunan dibidang pendidikan merupakan salah satu sektor yang menjadi prioritas utama pemerintah untuk meningkatkan pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang masih sangat minim di seluruh wilayah Timor-­‐Leste. Kabupaten Manatuto adalah salah satu kabupaten yang ada di Timor-­‐
Leste yang melaksanakan kebijakan pendidikan gratis dengan harapan untuk meningkatkan kuantitas sumber daya manusia yang tersebar di 6 kecamatan dan 29 desa dengan total penduduk 43.246 jiwa. Dan kebijakan pendidikan gratis ini telah berjalan selama 5 tahun yaitu dari tahun 2006 -­‐ 2010. Dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan pendidikan gratis telah menimbulkan pertanyaan banyak orang tentang efektifitas kebijakan dalam meningkatkan kuantitas pendidikan.Faktor-­‐faktor yang mempengaruhi efektifitas kebijakan pendidikan gratis tersebut di kabupaten Manatuto. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Data primer dan data sekunder diperoleh dari sumber data yang dibagi dalam tiga sumber yakni person, place and paper. Data diambil melalui pengamatan, wawancara dan dokumentasi di lapangan terhadap pelaksanaan kebijakan, seperti kepala dinas pendidikan kabupaten Manatuto dan para kepala sekolah di lima sekolah yang menjadi lokasi pengamatan peneliti dan masyarakat pemerhati pendidikan di kabupaten Manatuto. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kebijakan pendidikan gratis yang dilaksanakan pada 5 sekolah tersebut, cukup efektif, karena angka putus sekolah menurun dari 34% menjadi 20% ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal, seperti kekurangan guru, laboratoriun, perpustakaan, buku pelajaran dan jarak antara sekolah rumah siswa ke sekolah SMP dan SLTA sangat jauh. 61 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Faktor ekternal, masih kurangnya staf dinas pendidikan untuk melakukan monitoring, evaluasi dan koordinasi dengan pihak sekolah untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi oleh sekolah. Rekomendasi, pemerintah harus memperhatikan faktor internal dan external yang ikut mempengaruhi efektifitas implementasi kebijakan pendidikan gratis di 5 sekolah dimaksud. Phoebe Spencer, Kathy Sanders & Debra Judge University of Western Australia Physical activity and child growth in rural Timor-­‐Leste As part of a study into child growth in rural Timor-­‐Leste, we measured physical activity levels to better understand the relationship between activity, growth and malnutrition. Post-­‐rainy season, 50 children aged seven to 18 years in Natarbora sub-­‐district were measured for height and weight, and measures were standardised according to the World Health Organization. Physical activity levels were assessed using accelerometers worn for a day to count numbers of steps. Short interviews with children determined the types of activities performed. GPS was used to measure distances travelled by children from home to school. No relationship was found between any measure of physical activity and child growth; however, girls did significantly more total activities and work-­‐related activities than did boys. All children in the sample had poor growth, so may have moderated activity in response to energy stress. Low variation amongst children would not show a relationship between activity and growth. Trina Supit University of Sydney Teachers and their recruitment After the September 1999 devastation schools were gradually reopened in an attempt to return to normality. Teaching became a job that many unqualified people took up, but opening schools kept children off the streets and besides UNICEF was providing teachers with a monthly stipend and together with a sack of rice. Primary teacher numbers had reached almost 7000 by April 2000. CNRT devised a test to select primary teachers. However, once the teaching posts (reduced to 3000) were announced demonstrations began and accusations of KKN were made. The newly appointed Inspector –General launched an inquiry. Secondary teachers were a different problem. Qualified teachers had mostly come from Indonesia. East Timorese university students who had completed at least six semesters could be appointed. What role did the East Timorese have in the selection and appointment of teachers? What was the role of UNTAET? What were the issues surrounding the initial recruitment of teachers? The World Bank and the Emergency School Readiness Project The World Bank established the Joint Assessment Mission in late September 1999 to determine short term priority reconstruction initiatives. The Trust Fund for East Timor (TFET) was to provide US$13.9 million towards the rehabilitation of schools; provision of furniture for students and teachers; textbooks for teachers and students; community mobilisation and policy development. All this was part of the first phase program known as the Emergency School Readiness Project. The project was plagued by delays and much slippage occurred. School buildings, desks and chairs were supposed to be ready for the opening of schools in October 2000, but this did not happen. 62 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference What role did Timorese politics play in choice of schools to be rehabilitated, furniture procurement, textbook selection? How did the East Timorese assert themselves and become more than just “numbers on a spreadsheet”? Cristian Talesco Foreign aid in Timor-­‐Leste: Australia and the rise of China The rise of China as an important aid contributor working outside the leading aid regime has incited sharp interest amongst scholars. The presence of China in Southeast Asia and in many developing countries is altering the direction ofAustralian foreign aid provisions, something which is only starting to be perceived and recognized by traditional donors. The latter press China to be an accountable stakeholder which delivers its foreign aid in a way reliant on thecurrent norms and rules of aid regimes. On the other hand, there is growing pressure for such traditional aid regimes to be reformed. Thus, the project will look at the approach taken by China in the delivery of foreign aid in Southeast Asia and how it relates to the aid regime. It carefully examines the foreign aidregime that at present outlines the provisions of aid, debating that norms and rules of Chinese aid should be considered in light of the need to reform such aid regime. I will use the framework of the regime theory to find out China’s involvement with the aid structure. By making use of field research in East Timor, and Australia, the project aims at providing a thorough study of Chinese and Australian aid norms, rules, customs, and instruments, providing a significant contribution to the currently limited research on the effectiveness and political influence of modes of aid regime. By examining the perception of the role of Chinese aid within recipient countries in Southeast Asia, the project aims at clarifying if such aid is seen as a way to improve the outcomes established by more traditional sources of aid, or if it is considered as an alternative to Australia’s aid. It also analyses how China and Australia intermingle in Timor-­‐Leste. Therese Nguyen Thi Phuong Tam UNTL Subsidiu ba Idosos: Hare fali cash transfer nao-­‐condicional iha Timor-­‐Leste Politika protesaun sosial ne’ebe diak bele sukat husi ninian impaktu mak diak ba populasaun benefisiariu sira ne’ebe sai tarjetu, liu sira nian mekanismu realizasaun ba politika sira no, importante mos ho ninian kapasodade ne’ebe sustentavel. Estudu ida ne’e sei hare konaba politika cash transfer (tranferensia osan) ba idoso sira ne’ebe tinan 60 liu. Peskiza ida ne’e halo iha distritu hat mak hanesan Maliana no Ermera, ne’ebe sei mantein mekanismu pagamentu antigu nian; Baucau no Viqueque mak implementa mekanismu foun hahu tinan 2014. Intervista direta halo ho informants save sira hahu husi xefe Suco sira, Direktores Departamentu Seguransa Sosial mian no idoso sira iha sub-­‐distritu hat. Estudu ida ne’e konklui ona katak mekanismu trafere osan la-­‐efektivu no la totalmente tarjetu ba ema ne’ebe presiza liu no populasaun sira ne’ebe kiak-­‐liu. Monitorizasaun, avaliasaun la sufisiente no insensitividade ba ema ne’ebe ho nesesidade espesial no servi ba nian iha parte funsionariu publiku nian, lideransa lokal kontribui makaas ba diskontente iha nivel base, sosiedade sivil no akademiku. 63 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Vantajem no lalaok ne’ebe mosu husi mekanismu koko prosesu tranferensia osan halo sistema tomak sai karun no insustentavel. Nu’udar komparasaun ba nasaun Sudaesta Asiatiku balun, estudu ida mos prova katak politika protesaun sosial ha Timor-­‐Leste hatudu laran murak demaziadu iha deliverasaun asistensia ba ema kiak no populasaun sira mak vulneravel. Using improved cook stoves: Gender, behaviors changed and its multifaceted benefits (Some cases in Dili &Baucau) Promotion of improved cook stoves to Timorese households does not mean to maintain the traditional role of women. However, it can become a stepping stone to achieve women’s empowerment by meeting their basic needs when many of them still spend most of their time in cooking. This research was conducted in the Municipality of Baucau and Dili with the snow-­‐ball sampling technique in identifying and interviewing respondents who are using the firewood cook stoves. This research paper confirms recent evidences from the other researches from different countries about the positive impact of using the improved cook stoves on health, economic efficiency, time saving, reducing hazardous risks for women and children, and slowing down deforestation. The research also suggests that nearby influential environment can stimulate and reinforce the decision making process of most women. The lesser cost or specifically the economic reason as the main reason for them to shift their choice. The comparison of before and after using the cook stoves have proved the multiple advantages. Finally, the effort of some NGOs is significant in cooperating with the government in promoting and marketing the clean cook stoves in Timor-­‐Leste. Nuno Rodriguez Tchailoro Peskizadór iha Comissão de Pesquisa e Elaboração da História da Luta da Mulher Timor Women in the Religious Institutions After the formation of political parties, the Catholic church became Fretilin’s enemy, frightened by the threat of communism. In the begining, the Catholic church believed that the Indonesia military would save Timor-­‐Leste from communism. However, the political position changed post-­‐invasion. During the Indonesian occupation, the Catholic church was the only public arena which the Indonesia military did not occupy. Gradually, the church institutions became involved in the struggle for independence. Women’s contribution in the religious institutions grew significantly. Women started to utilize the religious institutions as cells of resistance by organizing and mobilizing support. This study will look at women’s contribution in the struggle against the Indonesian occupation from 1975-­‐1999. Feto iha Instituisaun Relijioza nia Luta ba Independénsia Depoisde formasaun partidu polítiku, instituisaun igreza katólika sai inimigu Fretilin tanba tauk ho ameasa komunizmu. Iha inísiu, greza katólika fiar katak militár Indonezia sei salva Timor husi komunizmu. Maibe, pozisaun ne’e muda kompletamente hafoin invazaun. Iha tempu okupasaun Indonesia, Igreza nu’udar úniku arena públika ne’ebé militár la okupa, neneik-­‐
neineik instituisaun relijioza sai politizadu husi nia membru sira no hahú envolve iha luta ba independénsia nasionál. Feto nia kontribuisaun iha instituisaun relijioza sai siginifikante. Feto hahú utiliza instituisaun relijioza hodi organiza no mobiliza apoiu ba luta ba libertasaun nasionál. Estudu 64 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference ne’e atu haree kona-­‐ba oinsá feto iha instituisaun relijioza nia kontribuisaun iha luta hasoru okupasaun Indonesia husi 1975-­‐1999. Sara ten Brinke Utrecht University Liberating the People: Young Adults, Political Reconciliation and Inter-­‐generational Negotiations in Timor-­‐Leste In Timor-­‐Leste there is a generation of young adults who have a memory of violence, occupation and conflict, but who were too young to participate in it and thus were also too young to be integrated into the official reconciliation process – the in-­‐between generation. These young adults, when speaking of reconciliation, repeatedly told me about the necessity of ‘liberating the people’. In this paper I unpack what it means to ‘liberate the people’ from the perspective of the in-­‐between generation. Using the concepts of political reconciliation (Schaap 2004, 2007) and inter-­‐generational reconciliation (Nordquist 2006), I asses how ‘liberating the people’ relates to reconciliation. Also, I asses what this relationship can tell us about the impact of the Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation on young people’s understandings of reconciliation, as well as about discourses on past and future, about inter-­‐generational negotiations, and finally about young people’s political participation in Timor-­‐Leste. Emily Toome, Damian Grenfell and Kathryn Higgins RMIT University Procedures, perspectives, politics and peace: The 2012 national elections in Timor-­‐Leste The national elections held in Timor-­‐Leste in 2012 were deemed free and fair by international observers. However while the focus of many observers was on procedural elements of the elections, it is important to understand the subjective sense of connection that East Timorese feel to national (and other) forms of community. At this mid-­‐point in the election cycle and with changes in political leadership, we return to findings of survey and interview we research conducted in Dili during the 2012 election period. The perspectives of everyday East Timorese and local and international contributors to peace-­‐building activities illustrated ways that social and material conditions shape political engagement. We conclude that while national elections may be held up by some as a measure of the success of democracy and state-­‐building activities in Timor-­‐Leste, they are but one reflection of broader processes of decision making occurring in a highly complex socio-­‐political context. Émilie Tran Echoing Alternative Voices: The Timorese in Macao As part of her geostrategic deployment in the Asia-­‐Pacific and her efforts to integrate and lead the community of Portuguese-­‐speaking countries via the Macau Forum, China has pledged to further develop its bilateral ties with East Timor. Increasing business and trade activities along with various forms of aid provision are reflected in the presence of Chinese companies and nationals in Timor. 65 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference However, one aspect of those bilateral relations that has not attracted scholarly attention so far is the other way round, i.e. the presence of Timorese in China, and especially in Macao for historical reasons. At the turn of the 21th century, the tragic events around the declaration of independence of Timor have led to waves of immigration of Timorese refugees to Macao. While some have left the territory since then, others have come searching for a better livelihood. This paper aims at studying the community of Timorese in Macao. Through participant observation and interviews with the members of that community, the paper wishes to document their life in Macao and how they view China. Ultimately, it is another way to assess how China’s soft power plays out and impacts on the mind of foreign nationals living on its soil. Camila Tribess, Cláudia Kreidloro, Ethiana Sarachin, Gabriela Batista, Juliana Santiago & Vanessa Diniz Universidade Federal do Paraná, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina e em Psicopedagogia pelo Centro Universitário Leonardo da Vinci, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Perspectivas e trajetórias de vida: mulheres de timor-­‐leste com ensino superior Este trabalho visa apresentar o resultado de pesquisa realizada sobre o tema Mulheres com ensino superior em Díli: mudanças e trajetórias de vida, cujo objetivo principal consistiu em buscar compreender a maneira como a mulher percebe a influência do ensino superior em sua vida e como esse acesso modificou sua experiência enquanto mulher em Timor-­‐Leste. Como metodologia, essa pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, servindo-­‐se de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professoras e com alunas que estão no ensino superior atualmente. Para a análise das entrevistas, utilizamos análise textual discursiva (MORAES, 2003). Os resultados parciais apontam que, apesar das relações de gênero tradicionais, a educação promove mudanças e traz possibilidades de transformação na vida das mulheres, que passam a agir com maior autonomia e também se permitem questionar a posição ocupada por elas na sociedade e no próprio local (seja a família ou o trabalho) em que atuam. Josh Trindade Relational Dimensions within Timor-­‐Leste Customary Society One of the key features of Timorese customary society is its complex relational dimensions that glue the society together. These relational dimensions within Timorese customary society have been crucial for the survival of the entire society before, during and after colonial occupation. This paper explores these relational dimensions by looking at the relationships between people and nature, people and people, and people and the divine entity. In people to nature relationships, the paper will look into the importance of nature, such as land, water, forests, trees, rivers, lakes, mountains and other important natural resources, for the survival of the entire community. The paper will also analyse how relationships between people are organized and managed within traditional Timorese society. For this purpose, the paper will unravel specifically the brother-­‐sister alliance ( *feton-­‐nan*), brother-­‐brother alliance (*maun-­‐alin* and *alin-­‐maun*), and sister-­‐sister alliance (*bin-­‐alin*). In addition, the paper will explain the relationship between the people (the real world) and the world of the spirits and the divine entity (the underworld). 66 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference Susana de Matos Viegas & Rui Graça Feijó ICS/ULisboa, CES/UCoimbra Monumentos funerários em Lautém: memórias contestadas, verdades oficiais e estatuto social Em Lautém, como por todo o Timor-­‐Leste, os anos recentes assistiram à consagração de muitos mártires da libertação através da criação de imponentes monumentos funerários, que têm o propósito de assegurar que esses ilustres combatentes possam desfrutar da condição de antepassados, com o cortejo de poderes que tal situação acarreta. Porém, nem sempre as circunstancias do seu desaparecimento são incontroversas. Pelo contrario, casos há em que uma aura de mistério e de incerteza envolve alguns mártires. Essa é uma situação muito comum em ambientes de guerra e de conflito, onde a procura do estabelecimento de uma verdade independentemente verificável é tantas vezes impossível. No ensaio que estamos a propor analisaremos dois casos concretos em que as memórias que os vivos carregam relativamente a esses mártires estão carregadas de controvérsia. Perante tal controvérsia, os familiares mais próximos meteram ombros à tarefa de clarificar a verdade histórica, e acima de tudo, de exibir, através de manifestações tumulares com grande proeminência, que essa versão dos factos seja apreendida pelos seus concidadãos. Para além do estabelecimento de uma versão oficial dos acontecimentos, e mais do que garantir o acesso às modalidades oficiais de recompensa material que estão aos seus dispor, interessa a estes indivíduos marcar simbolicamente a sua pertença a uma elite: a dos “verdadeiros mártires”. Só essa atitude abre as portas ao reconhecimento social e ao prestigio que acompanha no Timor-­‐Leste contemporâneo a memoria dos seus combatentes pela libertação. Tobias Moniz Vicente Efeitu tempu muda hare oan husi viverus no distansia kuda ba hasa’e produsaun hare Númeru ema presiza foos sae maka’as tanba total populasaun iha mundu ne’e amenta ba bebeik, iha parte seluk total populasaun mos afeita hamenus area agrikultura nia ne’ebé produtivu liu-­‐liu ba fatin aihoris alimetar. Presiza esforsu maka’as hodi resolve problema liu husi metodu SRI (The System of Rice Intensification). Husi introdusaun ne’ebé temi ona, teste ho nia objetivu atu haree efeitu entre loron muda viveiros no distansia kuda ba rezultadu produsaun (t/ha). Teste ne’e halo iha tinan 2014 tempu udan been iha Stasaun Raimaten municipiu Bobonaro. Iha teste ne’e uza dezenu Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) ne’ebé uza fatór 2, fatór dahuluk loron muda viveirus hanesan loron 14, 20 no 30, fatór daruak distansia kuda hanesan 20cm x 20cm, 20cm x 25cm, 20cm x 30cm. Fatór ne’ebé fó produsaun as mak loron 14 (9.0 t/ha) muda viveirus fó produsaun bot liu kompara ho loron 20 (7.9 t/ha), 30 (5.2 t/ha), no fator espasu kuda la fó impaktu ba produsaun hare. Iha teste ne’e tempu loron 14 muda ona viveirus fó rezultadu produsaun diak liu kompara ho loron muda viveirus ne’ebé tarde liu no uza fatór espasu la fó produsaun diak. 67 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference John Waddingham Clearing House for Archival Records on Timor Inc (CHART) Primary Sources and Timor archives: The early years of occupation and resistance Primary source materials are the essential bedrock of historical research, writing and contestation. The greater the number of primary sources we have, the more likely we are to be able to create a fair account of what happened in the past. Without suitable primary source material, history writing may easily become, at best, speculative and unreliable; at worst, biased or false or even a form of propaganda. For the past fifteeen years, CHART has endeavoured to locate, preserve and promote access to archival records about the East Timor issue for the years 1974-­‐1999. With a focus on the early years of the Indonesian occupation, we will • point to known locations of primary source materials • explore questions about the authenticity or completeness of some materials • identify gaps in the record and how they might be filled • discuss options for building a register of all such materials and providing universal access to them. Pat Walsh Inconvenient Truths: the fate of the Chega! and Per Memoriam Ad Spem reports in Indonesia The Timor-­‐Leste issue is part of wider low-­‐profile history war in Indonesia over the legacy of the Soeharto years. It is also a significant point of difference between the two nations: Indonesia wants to forget, Timor-­‐Leste to remember. The presentation will table the results of a recent AJAR study on the reception the CAVR Chega! and CTF Per Memoriam reports have had in Indonesia since their completion 10 and 7 years ago respectively. The study, the first of its kind, is based on interviews with 23 Indonesian professionals and exchanges with students and academics in nine Indonesian cities. Its principal finding is that, despite post-­‐Soeharto Indonesia’s commitment to the rule of law, accountability and human rights, the work of NGOs and the appearance of some cracks in the façade of denial, the memory of Timor-­‐Leste has officially joined the silent history of other state-­‐sponsored Indonesian atrocities that have been misrepresented, suppressed or rendered invisible. The study gives five principal reasons for this amnesia and includes recommendations to redress the continuing injustice to victims that denial represents. Stuart Watt and Robert L. Williams MAF, Seeds of Life Useful food and fibre plants of Timor Leste, a new data base 68 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference With over 60% of the population involved in mainly traditional farming systems (Molyneux et al. 2012), Timorese farmers rely on a wide range of domesticated and wild plants for a range of food, construction, medicinal and cultural uses. Although there have previously been various plant databases produced in a variety of formats, this appears to be the first focussing solely on useful plant species and that is readily available online. Built on previous published and unpublished sources, the database lists 131 species using as many local names as possible, as well as English and Latin, major uses, at least one photo for easy identification and reference material when available. The searchable online database should be considered as a dynamic, growing resource. It can be extended to or updated and users are encouraged to make contributions, which after moderation can be added to the resource. David Webster Bishop’s University Forty years after 1975: Perspectives from Canadian archival records Four decades after the invasion of Timor-­‐Leste, calls continue to grow for a release of all international government records. This paper will employ never before used records from Canadian governmental and non-­‐governmental sources, including records released under Access to Information requests by the Library and Archives Canada and the Department of Foreign Affairs Canada; papers of the solidarity group ETAN/Canada (East Timor Alert Network); and records of the Canada Asia Working Group of the Canadian churches. These archival materials add to the growing documentary record about the 1975-­‐99 occupation and shed light on little-­‐known aspects of the early occupation, such as reports on visits to Timor-­‐Leste during the 1980s famine by Canadian embassy personnel. The presentation will share new information from these records and seek to unearth lesser-­‐known stories by searching in the archival record for Timorese and Canadian testimony. Ann Wigglesworth and Abel Boavida dos Santos Influensia Valores Cultural ho Global ba Attitude Juventude Kona-­‐ba Jeneru ho Violencia iha Timor-­‐
Leste Relasaun jeneru entre foin sa’e feto no mane oras ne’e dadaun hetan mudansa, maibe nivel violensia existe maka’as iha familia joven sira nian. Igualdade jeneru define ona iha konstituisaun no lei sira ne’ebe iha, sente hanesan konflitu ho kustume sira Timor nian ne’ebe mak define populasaun sira ninia moris lorloron. Peskiza ida ne’e uza intervista sira ne’ebe halo ona ho joventude feto no mane sira balun iha distritu 3 iha tinan 2013, no analiza kona-­‐ba attitude foinsa’e iha relasaun intima ho violensia iha familia. Ida ne’e konsidera oinsa attitude sira ne’e influensiadu liu husi valores kulturais, kustume kaben, no oportunidade ekonomiku no edukasional foun ba feto foinsa’e. Introdusaun husi influensia global sira hanesan, asesu livre ba TV no internet lori ona mudansa klean iha kontekstu social. Ami argumenta katak kompriensaun patriarchal kona-­‐ba papel jeneru presiza desafia liu husi diseminasaun konseitus direitu iguais ho respeitu mutua, no kolaborasaun governasaun ne’ebe diak atu buka dalan alternative hodi influensia estrutura kultural nian atu haktuir ba equalidade tuir direitu konstitusional. 69 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference David Willis Flinders University Timor-­‐Leste’s complex geopolitics: the local, the regional and the global Asia’s newest state faces a uniquely complex and challenging geopolitical environment. Timor-­‐Leste is located between two middle powers with a history of colluding against it – Australia and Indonesia; two regions with mutually exclusive regional fora – Southeast Asia and the South Pacific, and; two superpowers competing for dominance in the Asian region – China and the United States. As a result much of the contemporary thinking on small states’ foreign policy choices are not appropriate for a country in Timor-­‐Leste’s geostrategic position. This paper seeks to address this gap by examining the three levels of Timor-­‐Leste’s geopolitical environment – the local neighbourhood, the region and the global system – and the tensions that arise at the intersection between them. It will systematically analyse the opportunities and challenges of Timor-­‐Leste’s geostrategic position, look at how Díli has fared so far in navigating the emerging Asian Century and what options it may need to consider into the future. Julio Ximenes Xavier UNTL Kualidade Funsionalismu Publiku: Rekusu umanu Ministru Interior no Formasaun Ajente PNTL Imperativu hasa’e kapasidade iha Timor-­‐Leste ne’e impresionante no mós persuasive, atu harii ajénsia governu ne’ebe relativamente fásil maibé difisil atu enxe ajênsia ne’e ho ema profisionál sira ne’ebé hala’o sira nian kna’ar no responsabilidade ho efétivu. Hasa’e kapasidade Timor-­‐oan sira ne’ebé kaer, ka bele kaer, pozisoins iha instituisaun legal ka Instituisoins Estadu/governu nian ne’e esensial. Nune’e mós, dezenvolve kompriensaun no konxiénsia obrigasoins no responsabilidades autór prinsipal sira iha instituisaun legál laran, no insitutisoins governu nian ne‟ebé edukadu sai luan liu tan, ne’e kontribui ba defini ezijênsias no espetativa ba dezempeñu entre instituisaun sira. Enkoraja kapasidade ne’ebé profesionalizadu iha instituisaun estadu, no iha parte seluk, nu‟udar dinámiku esensiál ba dezenvolvimentu estadu direitu no estadu demokrátiku iha Timor-­‐Leste. Responsabilidade profisionál partikularmente importante ba funsionáriu públiku sira, ba instituisaun lutu nasaun ne’ebe kaer pasta lei no ordem: PNTL dalabarak agente sira atua hanesan reprezentante governu nian no estadu. Tan ne’e, sira-­‐nian hahalok no asaun reflete diretamente ba nasaun Timor-­‐
Leste. Ida ne’e importante ba funsionáriu públiku sira no agente policia sira atu mantein obrigasain profisional sira ne’e no lei sira seluk hodi bele prezervaTimor-­‐Leste nian reputasaun iha ninian sidadaun sira, vizitante sira no governu sira hosi rai seluk, tanba governu pertense ba povu Timor-­‐
Leste tomak. Funsioariu publiku no agente policia sira existe atu mai servi laos atu ba manda. Sira implementa governu nian polítika maibé sira imparsiál. Funsionáriu públiku sira serví komunidade liu hosi servisu governu nian ne’ebé sira hato’o ba komunidade no ba nasaun tomak. Buat importante ba peskiza ida ne’e tenta atu atu analiza klean konaba Instituisaun policia nia funsionamentu in jeral, organisasaun estruktural, agente sira nia formasaun continual hodi eleva sira nia kapasidade konhesimentu ba lei no ordem tuir kontextu Timor-­‐leste nian; hare dalen ba prosesu 70 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference inisiu rekrutamentu foun, tempu reforma no screening haktuir demokratisisaun ne’ebe transparente, akuntabilia, efisiensia, kontrolu no professional. -
Alarico da Costa Ximenes UNTL Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Komunikasi, Status Sosial Terhadap Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam proses Pemilihan Kepala Desa Penelitian ini mengambil judul pengaruh tingkat pendidikan,komunikasi, status sosial terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pemilihan kepala desa, dengan lokasi penelitian di Desa Cairui, Kecamatan Laleia, Kapubaten Manatuto.Kehidupan manusia tidak bisa dilepaskan dari pembangunan yang dilaksanakan oleh manusia untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat ke arah yang lebih baik.Sehingga pembangunan perlu dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat dan pemerintah,masyarakat adalah pelaku utama pembangunan dan pemerintah berkewajiban untuk mengarahkan,membimbing serta menciptakan suasana yang menunjang, oleh sebab itu, partisipasi masyarakat dalam segala aspek pembangunan sangat diperlukan ternasuk partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pemilihan kepala desa.Partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pemilihan kepala desa adalah sangat penting sebab Negara Republik Demokratika Timor-­‐Leste menganut paham demokrasi sehingga gagasan mengenai partisipasi mempunyai dasar ideologis bahwa rakyat berhak menentukan kebijakan umum.Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemilihan kepala desa ini dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan.Walaupun tingkat pendidikan masyarakat tinggi namun kesadaran masyarakat masih rendah. Sedangkan komunikasi dua arah belum dijalankan maksimal melainkan masih mengandalkan komunikasi satu arah.Faktor terakhir adalah status sosial masyarakat yang mayoritas adalah petani sehingga mengutamakan pemenuhan kebutuhan pribadi daripada kepentingan umum. Rumusan masalah yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah sejauhmana pengaruh tingkat pendidikan,komunikasi, status sosial terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pemilihan kepala dess? Dari perumusan masalah ini, peneliti mengajukan hipotesis sebagai berikut: ``Ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan,komunikasi, status sosial terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pemilihan kepala desa. Dari hasil analisis korelasi berganda ternyata dapat dibuktikan bahwa ketiga variabel bebas yakni tingkat pendidikan, komunikasi, status sosial secara bersama-­‐sama dapat mempengaruhi variabel tergantung yaitu partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pemilihan kepala desa sebesar 0,8918 yang setelah di Fteskan ternyata pengaruhnya signifikan. Sedangkan besarnya koefisien regresi untuk masing-­‐masing sebagai berikut: Koefisien regresi untuk variable tingkat pendidikan sebesar 0,3451 Koefisien regresi untuk variable komunikasi sebesar 0,3339 Koefisien regresi untuk variable status social sebesar 0,3369 Hipotesis yang peneliti ajukan dalam penelitian ini terbukti karena dipenuhinya syarat kecermatan prediksi yaitu standard deviasi lebih besar dari pada standard error estimasi (Sdy > SEest) yaitu 0,4908 > 0, 2258. Camilla Zwack Multilingualism and Language Maintenance in the Fataluku Community of Oxford 71 Timor-­‐Leste: The Local, the Regional and the Global: A TLSA Research Conference This research investigates the processes of language maintenance and shift in the multilingual Fataluku community of Oxford. This topic was addressed by describing patterns of language use, and an analysis of a range of factors present within the community. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews and participant observation. Results showed intra-­‐ generational maintenance of multilingualism between Fataluku, Tetum, Indonesian, and Portuguese (for some) occurring within private domains, due to a tightly knit community with low incentive to acquire proficiency in English, positive language attitudes, cultural ties with the homeland and an important connection between languages and identities. While multilingualism is a feature of the second generation, signs of intergenerational language shift to English and Tetum are apparent. Both languages hold a combination of symbolic, economic and communicative functions for Fataluku children in the UK and upon return to Timor-­‐Leste. 72