RANGE EXTENSION OF THE PANTANAL CAT Leopardus

Transcrição

Mastozoología Neotropical, 23(1):171-177, Mendoza, 2016
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Nota
RANGE EXTENSION OF THE PANTANAL CAT
Leopardus braccatus (CARNIVORA, FELIDAE)
IN A CERRADO-CAATINGA-ATLANTIC FOREST
ECOTONE, BRAZIL
Fabio Oliveira do Nascimento1, Paulo dos Santos Pompeu2,
and Marcelo Passamani2
Mastozoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, CEP 04263-000, Ipiranga,
São Paulo, Brazil [Correspondence: Fabio Oliveira do Nascimento <[email protected]>].
2
Setor de Ecologia, DBI, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais,
Brazil.
1
ABSTRACT. The Pantanal cat Leopardus braccatus (Cope, 1889) is a small-sized felid found in the open biomes
of Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina. We provide a new record for the northeast
of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on a road-killed specimen. This is the easternmost known record of
the Pantanal cat, extending its range about 310 km, in a Cerrado-Caatinga-Atlantic Forest ecotone.
RESUMO. Extensão de distribução geográfica do gato-palheiro Leopardus braccatus (Carnivora, Felidae)
em um ecótono Cerrado-Caatinga-Mata Atlântica, Brasil. O gato-palheiro Leopardus braccatus (Cope, 1889)
é um felídeo de pequeno porte encontrado nos biomas abertos do Brasil, Bolívia, Paraguai, Uruguai e nordeste
da Argentina. Neste trabalho fornecemos um novo registro para o nordeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil,
baseado em um espécime atropelado em uma rodovia. Este é o registro de gato-palheiro mais ao leste conhecido,
estendendo sua distribuição em 310 km, em um ecótono de Cerrado-Caatinga-Mata Atlântica.
Key words: Minas Gerais. Pampas cat. Road-kill. Sistema Urubu.
Palavras-chave: Atropelamento. Gato-palheiro. Minas Gerais. Sistema Urubu.
Pantanal cat or pampas cat Leopardus braccatus (Cope, 1889) is a small-sized felid
(2.4-4.0 kg) (Nascimento, unpublished data)
found in the open biomes (Cerrado, Pantanal,
Chaco, Beni savannas and Pampas) of Brazil,
Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and northeastern
Argentina (García-Perea, 1994; Chebez et
al., 2008; Chebez, 2009; Nascimento, 2010;
Soljan et al., 2010; Barstow and Leslie, 2012;
Queirolo et al., 2013a). Taxonomically, it has
been regarded either as a subspecies of L.
colocolo (Molina, 1782) (Cabrera, 1940, 1958;
Ximénez, 1961, 1970; Johnson et al., 1999;
Sunquist and Sunquist, 2009) or a subspecies
Recibido 16 octubre 2015. Aceptado 13 febrero 2016. Editor asociado: F Prevosti
172 Mastozoología Neotropical, 23(1):171-177, Mendoza, 2016
http://www.sarem.org.ar - http://www.sbmz.com.br
of L. pajeros (Desmarest, 1816) (Pocock, 1941;
Weigel, 1961). However García-Perea (1994)
recognized the Pantanal cat as a full species
in the genus Lynchailurus Severtzov, 1858.
This was followed by Wozencraft (2005), who
differed from García-Perea only in classifying
the species in the genus Leopardus Gray, 1842.
Two subspecies of L. braccatus are currently
recognized: L. b. braccatus (Cope, 1889), found
in Central Brazil (from Maranhão and Piauí to
Mato Grosso do Sul), Bolivia, and Paraguay
(García-Perea, 1994; Nascimento, 2010; Barstow
and Leslie, 2012); and L. b. munoai (Ximénez,
1961), which occurs in Southern Brazil (southern part of Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay and
Northeastern Argentina (García-Perea, 1994;
Chebez et al., 2008; Nascimento, 2010; Soljan
et al., 2010; Barstow and Leslie, 2012).
In the present study we report a new locality record for L. b. braccatus and also provide
an updated distribution map based on records
from museum specimens (Nascimento, 2010;
Nascimento, unpublished data) and literature
(Schwangart, 1941; Silveira, 1995; Santos Filho,
2000; Courtenay, 2002; Bagno et al., 2004; Emmons et al., 2006; Mamede and Alho, 2006; Cáceres et al., 2007; Machado et al., 2008; Chebez,
2009; Rosa and Tolentino, 2009; Godoi et al.,
2010; Luque et al., 2012) (Fig. 1; see Appendix 1). Some literature records were excluded
due to dubious and misleading identifications
(for example, Bordignon et al. [2006] identified
a feral domestic cat Felis catus as a pampas cat,
which was named in their article as Oncifelis
colocolo). Comparing to other species of Neotropical cats, L. braccatus has a small number
of specimens housed in scientific collections
(Nascimento, unpublished data), covering
widely separated geographic areas (Fig. 1),
which results in a lack of knowledge about its
individual variation, taxonomy, biogeography
and natural history.
On May 20th 2015, one of us (PP) found
two road-killed specimens of Pantanal cat
(a male and a female) (Fig. 2) in the federal
paved road BR-342, municipality of Araçuaí,
northeast of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
(16° 49’ 47.50” S; 42° 00’ 21.35” W) (Figs. 1 and
3). The location is 300 m above sea level, and
400 m away from the Jequitinhonha River main
FO Nascimento et al.
stream. The specimens were found at 07:40,
and the preservation status of the specimens
indicated their activity in the area during the
dawn period. The characters of the photographed specimen matches with the description
of the subspecies L. b. braccatus, i.e., it shows
overall ground color of the body uniformly
brown agouti with dark spots and stripes visible in the venter, but almost fainted, forming
traces of dark brown rosettes in other parts
of the body, especially in the flank, proximal
stripes of the legs black and feet dorsally and
ventrally black (sometimes the dorsal part of
the feet are less darker than the ventral part),
the spinal crest little darker than ground color,
and tail not ringed and with black tip. The
identification of the specimen was based on
literature data, in comparison with reference
material housed in scientific collections (e.g.,
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São
Paulo, MZUSP) and also on unpublished data
from one of us (FON).
This new locality extends the geographic
distribution of the species about 310 km to
the east and represents the easternmost limit
for the species range, in a Cerrado-CaatingaAtlantic Forest ecotone (Fig. 1). Furthermore,
the locality is in the Jequitinhonha River Valley,
a region characterized by native vegetation of
different features, with certain particularities,
that possesses controversial classification (Carrara et al., 2013), sometimes being classified as a
transition zone between Cerrado and Caatinga
(Fernandes and Bezerra, 1990; Carrara et al.,
2013) or as an area under influence of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest (Carrara et al., 2013;
SEMAD, 2015). The region nearby the record
(Fig. 3) is located in the Caatinga domain,
and featured by well-preserved large fragments
of Seasonal Deciduous Forest (Scolforo and
Carvalho, 2006). Extensive cattle raising is the
predominant land use in the region.
Due to adverse circumstances, unfortunately
the Pantanal cat specimens were neither collected nor measured, but one of them was
photographed (Fig. 2). This photograph was recorded under the number UM-2015/05-000.424
in the database of “Sistema Urubu” (http://cbee.
ufla.br/portal/sistema_urubu/urubu_web.php),
which is an initiative of “Centro Brasileiro
RANGE EXTENSION OF Leopardus braccatus IN BRAZIL
173
Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of L. b. braccatus specimens. The black star refers to the new record (Araçuaí, Minas Gerais,
Brazil; 16°49’47.50”S / 42°00’21.35”W) of the specimens showed in the present study. Letters correspond to specimens
housed in scientific collections and the numbers refer to the localities taken from literature. See the Appendix 1 for the
list of localities.
Fig. 2. Road-killed specimen of Pantanal cat,
L. b. braccatus (Cope, 1889), from Araçuaí, Minas
Gerais, Brazil (Sistema Urubu, UM-2015/05000.424). Photo by Paulo S. Pompeu.
de Estudos em Ecologia de Estradas”
(CBEE) that compiles, systematizes and
provides information on the mortality
of wildlife on roads and railways and
aims to assist government agencies and
road concessionaires in decision making to reduce these impacts.
Even though recent studies have increased our knowledge on the fauna of
the Jequitinhonha River Valley (Drummond et al., 2005), L. braccatus had not been
recorded in the region up to now. One possible
explanation of the absence of L. braccatus in
previous studies is that the species may be expanding its geographical distribution in recent
years due to changes in landscape, similar to
what happens in southern Brazil, where deforestation in the Atlantic Forest has allowed the
expansion of open-area animals such as the
pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) (Queirolo
et al., 2013b) and maned wolf (Chrysocyon
brachyurus) (Paula et al., 2013). On the other
hand, it is possible that the species has always
been present in the area but has never been
recorded. Sampling difficulties associated with
the elusive behavior of the animals, problems
in identifying the species, and the low population density of the species throughout its
geographical distribution may be some factors
that make detection difficult and may result in
false absences (Ferreira et al., 2014). A good
example of this are the recent records for the
bush dog (Speothos venaticus) in the north of
Minas Gerais, Brazil’s state where the species
was previously thought
to be extinct (Ferreira
et al., 2014), and also
the unexpected record
for Baturité Montain
Range, in northeastern
Brazil, within the Caatinga (Fernandes-Ferreira
et al., 2011; 2015). Fur-
Fig. 3. (A) Overview of the
record point (yellow mark;
Araçuaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
16°49’47.50”S / 42°00’21.35”W)
and surrounding areas where
L. braccatus specimens were
found (Source: Google Earth).
(B and C) Details of the landscape next to the record point
(about 400 m away). Photos by
Paulo S. Pompeu.
thermore, Queirolo et al. (2013a) suggest that
L. braccatus occurs in low numbers (0.01-0.05
individuals/km²) and the effective population of
the species in conservation areas of the Cerrado
and Pantanal, 8.1% and 2.9% of the total area
of the biomes respectively, is estimated between
~1200 and ~5900 individuals. Although further
investigations are needed to test the hypotheses
proposed here, we favor the second hypothesis,
that the species was originally present in the
area but conventional sampling methods (i.e.
camera traps, censuses) failed to detect it.
Acknowledgements. We are grateful to: Alex Bager, coordinator of Sistema Urubu, for authorizing the use of the
image and specimen data; Guilherme Garbino for commentaries and suggestions; Francisco Ricardo de Andrade
Neto, partner biologist during the road kill record; and
Miriam Morales and one anonymous reviewer for advices
on a previous version of the manuscript.
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177
APPENDIX 1
List of localities, in latitudinal order, showed in the Figure 1. Letters correspond to specimens
housed in scientific collections and the numbers refers to the localities taken from literature.
Museum records: A. Paranã (former São João da Palma), Tocantins, Brazil (12°33’S; 47°46’W) (MNRJ 3148); B. Chapada
dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil (15°25’48” S; 55°45’00”W) (AMNH 354; holotype); C. Rio São Manuel, Adelândia,
Goiás, Brazil (16°25’12”S, 50°10’12”W) (MNRJ 3149); D. Descalvados, Upper Paraguay River, Mato Grosso, Brazil (16°45’S,
57°42’W) (USNM 256127 and FMNH 28335); E. Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás, Brazil (18°06’36”S, 52°55’12”W)
(MNRJ 63629); F. Fazenda Pequi, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul (20°28’12”S, 55°48’00”W) (MZUSP 7786); G. Três
Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (20°45’00”S, 51°40’48”W) (MZUSP 7670); H. Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
(21°37’48”S, 55°10’12”W) (MNRJ 24904, MNRJ 4868 and AMNH 133977); I. Juan de Zalagan, Gran Chaco, Presidente
Hayes, Paraguay (23°06’S, 59°18’W) (AMNH 148573); J. Assunção, Central, Paraguay (25°15’00”S, 57°40’12”W) (AMNH
243110). Museums acronyms: AMNH = American Museum of Natural History; FMNH = Field Museum of Natural History; MNRJ = Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; MZUSP = Museu de Zoologia da Universidade
de São Paulo; USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; UNB = Universidade de Brasília.
Literature records: 1. Parque Estadual do Mirador, Maranhão, Brazil (06°20’S, 45°30’W; estimated coordinates) (Machado
et al., 2008); 2. Cachoeira, Piauí, Brazil (07°20’S, 44°21’W) (Silveira, 1995); 3. TO-050, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil (09°48’S,
48°21’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 4. Barreiras do Piauí, Piauí, Brazil (10°08’S, 45°46’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 5. TO-010,
Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil (10°10’S, 48°20’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 6. São Desidério, Bahia, Brazil (12°21’S, 44°58’W)
(Silveira, 1995); 7. Rio Paranã, Tocantins, Brazil (12°40’S, 48°00’W) (Silveira, 1995); 8. BR-242, Arrarias, Tocantins, Brazil
(12°47’S, 47°03’W) (Bagno et al., 2008); 9. Cercado Province, Beni, Bolivia (13°37’S, 65°07’W) (Luque et al., 2012); 10.
Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil (14°10’S, 45°30’W; estimated coordinates) (Rosa and Tolentino,
2009); 11. Los Fierros, Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (14°33’20”S, 60°55’43”W) (Emmons
et al., 2006); 12. BR-158, Nova Xavantina, Brazil (14°41’S, 52°20’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 13. Parque Nacional Grande
Sertões Veredas, Bahia/Minas Gerais, Brazil (15°06’S, 45°46’W; estimated coordinates) (Machado et al., 2008); 14. Parque
Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, Minas Gerais, Brazil (15°07’S, 44°19’W; estimated coordinates) (Machado et al., 2008); 15.
BR-364, Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brasil (15°10’S, 55°40’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 16. Cuiabá, Mato Grosso,
Brazil (15°35’S, 56°05’W) (Silveira, 1995); 17. Estação Ecológica Serra das Araras, Mato Grosso, Brazil (15°39’S, 57°01’W;
estimated coordinates) (Santos Filho, 2000); 18. Taguatinga, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°49’S, 48°03’W) (Silveira, 1995);
19. Fazenda São Miguel, Minas Gerais, Brazil (15°50’S, 46°30’W) (Courtenay, 2002); 20. BR-060, Abadiânia/Alexânia,
Mato Grosso (16°06’S, 48°34’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 21. Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil (16°28’S, 48°03’W) (Silveira,
1995); 22. Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil (16°29’S, 54°37’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 23. BR-080, between Paraíso and
Chapadão do Sul, Mato Grosso/Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (18°46’S, 52°38’W) (Godoi et al., 2010); 24. Nhumirim Ranch,
Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (18°59’46”S, 56°36’40”W) (Godoi et al., 2010); 25. Pantanal, São Francisco Ranch,
next to Miranda River, in Miranda county, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (20°05’10”S, 56°36’57”W) (Godoi et al., 2010);
26. Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil (20°15’S, 46°30’W; estimated coordinates) (Machado et
al., 2008); 27. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas do Pantanal, Pantanal do Rio Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (20°18’S,
55°18’W; estimated coordinates) (Mamede and Alho, 2006); 28. Parque Nacional da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
(21°03’S, 56°41’W; estimated coordinates) (Cáceres et al., 2007); 29. St. Luis, Apabergland [in vicinity of Rio Apa], Paraguay
(22°06’S, 58°02’W; estimated coordinates) (Schwangart, 1941); 30. Parque Nacional Río Pilcomayo, Formosa, Argentina
(25°04’S, 58°07’W; estimated coordinates) (Chebez, 2009); and 31. Assunção, Central, Paraguay (25°15’S, 57°40’12”W;
estimated coordinates) (Schwangart, 1941).

RANGE EXTENSION OF THE PANTANAL CAT Leopardus

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