here - Darby Bicheno

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ECO-MOTO
Darby Bicheno
Darby BICHENO
Originally from Melbourne, I grew up in
Darwin, and I’m now studying Industrial
Design as a third year at RMIT .I’ve always
had a passion for tackling the problems
in people’s lives through the multifaceted
medium that is design.
As a student of Industrial Design, I am
always looking at the objects and systems
around me, and try to see both the
inherent objective of the design, as well as
the functional flaws & highlights.
My major design focus is that of equitable,
environmentally
conscious
solutions
to problems. Most of my work is also
client driven, with an emphasis on
co-design methodologies where possible.
I spend allot of my time in the outdoors,
thinking about ways to encourage people
to escape from their indoor experiences,
and enjoy the world around them.
I am also the propreiter of Arden St
Designs, an independant product and
graphic design studio, which I use as a
supplement to my income while studying.
In semester 1 of 2013 I participated in a
design studio co-led by Dilip Chhabria, in
which we developed 2020 visions of the
iconic Hindustan Ambassador, famous for
being the taxi of India.
I have a strong skill set, with fluency in a
range of software packages, specialising in
Solidworks, Keyshot, Adobe’s Photoshop,
Illustrator, InDesign and Lightroom. I
am quick with ideas, and am able to
think problems and concepts through
in a rational and realistic manner before
moving ahead on projects.
Contents
STAGE 1 : IMMERSION
Preface | Bio
Concept Proposal
Stakeholder Analysis | Technology Review
2
4
5
STAGE 2 : EXPLORATION
Context
Benchmarking
Packge Drawings
6
10
12
Sketch Development
Materials Analysis
CAD Development
CAD Drawings
14
18
20
24
STAGE 4 : DETAILING
Colour Application
Detailing
Materials Application
Lighting Design
28
30
32
34
STAGE 5 : PRESENTATION
3D Printing
Presentations
Reflection
36
38
42
ECO MOTO | Darby Bicheno | RMIT Industrial Design | Page 3
STAGE 3 : INTERVENTION
CONCEPT PROPOSAL
ECOMOTO
My aim in this studio is to develop a concept vehicle
based around a locally developed air powered engine.
I have decided to base my design around the step
through architecture found in urban scooters globally.
To me, the scooter represents the
perfect form of utility transport for a
single user, with the capability to carry a
passenger. They are easy to make, cheap
to run, and often have enough storage
space to carry luggage to work on a
daily basis, or to do daily trips to the local
market. Unfortunately though, because of
their perceived ‘cheapness’ and a lack
of regulations scooters are often not
adequately
equipped to clean their
emissions, and often have higher emissions
of NOx than cars. While not as bad as
the CO2 emitted by larger vehicles, NOx
still plays a large role in urban pollution,
contributing especially to smog, and ugly
smells.
By equipping a scooter design with an
air powered engine however, all issues of
emissions are removed. The air engine is
also much smaller in size than a
regular combustion engine, allowing for
even more storage capacity, or safety, to be
built into the scooters body.
Concepts like this can potentially be
priced at levels that will allow
populations in developing countries that
have never been able to afford
transportation a cheap, clean, quiet and
efficient option.
It will also help to curtail the dangerous,
and environmentally dangerous driving
habits often seen in more economically
developed nations.
It has been demonstrated to be capable of
carrying loads far greater than that of any
commuter, and runs very quietly. Potential
applications as stated by the manufacturer
are in engines for lightweight cars, boats,
motorcycles, and myriad other applications.
As an example of capability, this engine has
been retrofitted into a forklift weighing
over 3000kg, and lifting loads on rails
powered by another a second air engine.
functioning on only compressed air, it is
very cheap to run, but is currently limited
by the quantity of air that can be stored in
its tank. In the future, this problem could
be overcome with tanks capable of storing
high levels of air pressure, and potentially
even through liquid oxygen with pressure
ratings (quantitys) that are much higher
than are currently safe.
Air is generally compressed using cheap,
dirty machines, but in a large scale
application, it could be done with machines
that run purely on renewable energies,
reducing emissions of vehicles to zero
beyond manufacture.
Petrol stations around the globe are
already in a position to be retrofitted to
store air in their underground tanks, which
would remove the need for infrastructure
decomissioning, and allow for a much
easier change over of technologies than
many other renewables require
This studio project has been focused
on taking the air powered rotary engine
developed by Angelo Pietro at Engine Air
Australia, and exploring its potential use
in future motorcycle designs. This engine
has been tested to work at an efficiency
of 94.5%, and is capable of turning under
only 1psi of load.
PERSONAS
THE LUXURY CAR THE TOURISTS THE MOTHER
THE
STUDENT
Alisha is a science student in Delhi.
Rödskägg & Hildegard just got to Australia Huong is a mother of 2. She lives a content
She has a passion for learning about
the world around her, and is extremely
concerned about recent reports on
global climate change. Because of this, she
intends to focus her research on fields
that could potentially better equip the
population to respect their environment.
Because of this, she was very excited to
hear about the possibilty of being able to
drive a motorbike that runs only on air, and
decided to purchase one to act as a role
model for the people of her country.
She has also seen the destruction of
cultural history to make way for the
technologies of the 21st century. She hopes
that by encouraging people to drive more
environmentally frendly vehicles, people
may be more able to see the other effects
that their vehicles have on the cultural
landscape around them.
ENTHUSIAST
James loves driving his car.
His car is his life.
He hates driving his car in the city though,
he feels cramped in the daily commute,
and spends all day at work worrying
about someone injuring his pride and joy.
James jumped at the opportunity to buy
an environmentally friendly scooter for his
commute, as he was always jealous of the
motorcyclists weaving their way through
traffic, but didnt want a second vehicle
to pour passion into. To him, the scooter
allows him an easy journey to work, and
to run errands. It also relieves him of the
stress of knowing that his pride and joy
is damaging the environment, because he
only takes it out once or twice (or three
times) a week to cruise around.
and are very excited by the sun, but were
expecting more kangaroos. In Sweden,
they ride their bicycles everywhere, but
were really excited when they realised that
in Melbourne there is now a public sharing
system of air powered scooters, which
they have been driving like lunatics all up
and down the coast.
The scooters allow them to really enjoy
the experience of Melbournes crazy
weather patterns, and to easily, and cheaply,
get anywhere they want to go.
Rödskägg has been testing the upper limits
of the scooters capabilities, and has been
impressed at its top speed. Hildegard
however quickly came to realise that
the scooters massive carrying space has
allowed her to store all of the heavier
items from her pack while driving, allowing
her to go for longer.
life in Vietnam. Mopeds have been a part
of her life for a very long time, getting
her from home to anywhere she could
possibly want to go. Rising costs of fuel
have become a strain on her life recently
though, but she was lucky to have had her
son buy her a new air powered scooter.
The difference it has made has been
profound in her life, almost eliminating the
price of vehicle upkeep from her life.
It also means that instead of having to hang
her shopping off the back of her moped,
dangerously misbalancing it, and exposing
her food to air pollution, she is able to
store everything she buys safely under the
seat. The monetary savings she gains from
her new scooter have also allowed her to
engage in more of the cultural activities
her country has to offer her.
THE PHOTOGRAPHER
Laurence works at a nice cafe, and likes
to meet up with friends most nights after
work. He is also very passionate about
photography, and tries to bring his camera
everywhere.
Purchasing his new scooter was one of the
best choices he’s made, as the low cost to
run, and the ease it brings to commuting
and parking makes it easier than ever to
get to interesting new places. He has also
fashioned himself a camera bag which
fits neatly under the seat, with enough
room for loads of gear, from his tripod,
to a collection of lenses, allowing more
flexibility in his hobby.
As a member of Gen-Y, he has become
very engaged in the climate change debate,
and really likes that his new scooter is not
only environmentally friendly, but also
looks like it too.
So, you drive to work everyday. So does
everyone. You also hate Driving to work?
So does everyone else that drives a car.
Driving a motorbike allows many people
to skip the traffic though, almost reducing
the rush hour to a meaningless term.
Riding an air-powered scooter will not only
mean less time in traffic, but also allows
a massive reduction in fuel consumption
and emissions.There is still enough storage
space that you can wear appropriate safety
gear for the journey, but also bring your
change of clothes, a packed lunch, any
work you brought home with you, and
maybe even your gym gear. You can park
your scooter right infront of your house,
and right in front of your office. No more
parking fees, no more searching for a space.
Using a scooter to do grocery shopping
has a number of benefits. It means that,
like commuting, parking is no issue, but
more importantly it puts a physical limit on
the ammount of food you can purchase
in one trip. Obesity is a major issue in
many western countries, and is an issue
not helped by the ever expanding size of
shopping trolleys.The ammount of storage
space in a scooter is not by any means
small though, and allows enough space to
do shopping for your family every few days.
Forcing the user to travel to either the
supermarket, or their local food market
more regularly however will promote the
purchase of healthier foodstuff ’s that might
overwise be ignored becuase of spoilage.
RECREATING SOCIALISING RE-FUELLING
What better way to enjoy a trip to the
beach, or out into the bush, than on an
environmentally sustainable transport
solution. With enough storage space for all
the things you might need to bring with
you (including food for a picnic) The air
powered scooter is the perfect transport
for a relaxing day of leisure.
Driving to your location is a major aspect
of your journey, and shouldnt be ignored.
Driving a scooter is fun, and refreshing,
and wont force you to be stifled waiting in
traffic in a hot car.
A scooter is also going to be much easier
to clean after a day away than a car, with
less surfaces to clean, and storage space
that can just be hosed out rather than
vacuumed.
Got a friend throwing a party? or just
staying overnight at someone else’s house?
The storage space allowed on an air
powered scooter lets you bring a full slab
of beer, and all the gear you need to let
you sleep it off.
If everyone drove a scooter as well, parking
on the street would no longer be an issue,
as you can fit many more scooters on a
front lawn than cars.
Meeting someone somewhere for dinner?
no more issues with finding close street
level parking, just park right next to where
you want to be, show off your scooter to
everyone in the venue.
COMMUTING
SCENARIOS
SHOPPING
The change from fuel stations that sell 5
different types of fossil fuel into stations that
only supply compressed air will be an easy
one. The current infrastructure will allow
large capacity underground petrol tanks
to be used for compressed air, and the
re-fill machines will only require minimal
adjustment to be capable of supplying air.
These stations will also need some means
of charging an air-powered vehicles battery.
This will either be through rapid charge
technologies already being developed for
electric cars, or potentially through the use
of a small turbine built into the flow nozzle.
SO WHAT IS A
SCOOTER?
“
The United States Department of Transportation
defines a scooter as a motorcycle that has a platform
for the operator’s feet or has integrated footrests,
and has a step-through architecture.
‘Scooters’ often recieve very polarised
opinions around the world, as in developing
countries step through motorbikes are
the primary mode of transport for
the majority of the population; with
larger, less utilitarian motorbikes viewed
as luxury items in the same way we
look at sports cars in prosperous
western nations.
In economically developed countries, the
term scooter is often matched with ‘girly’
or ‘hip’ connotations, and are especially
viewed with disdain by drivers of more
‘masculine’ motorcycles. From a purely
utilitarian viewpoint though, its hard to
argue against the scooter.
”
Often they have maximum speeds
ranging from 60-100 km/h, which is all
thats necessary for urban use; they have
built in storage cababilites (often a
major difficulty with more powerfull
motorcycles); require less energy to run,
and take up less parking space.
Although many modern scooters are
manufactured to be as cheap to purchase
as possible, if instead they were viewed
as high end products made to the highest
quality standards, (coupled with their lack
of maintenance issues) they could
potentially have very long lifecycles,
bringing the economic and environmental
cost down even further.
THE DNA OF A
SCOOTER
what makes a scooter a scooter?
FULLY AUTOMATIC CVT
(CONTINUOSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION)
STEP THROUGH
ARCHITECTURE
SMALL WHEELS
(usually)
ENGINE ATTACHED
TO REAR SWINGARM
FLAT, FULL SIZE
FOOTREST
EMPTY SPACE, OFTEN
USED FOR STORAGE
HONDA BIG RUCKUS
BMW C1
DAELIM B-BONE YAMAHA AEROX HONDA RUCKUS PIAGGIO VESPA GTV
BENCHMARKING
1040mm
1455mm
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
1
Open face helmet, provides very little
protection, neglecting the entire face
1
Open face visored helmet, will not allow
wind and ufo’s to distract the driver
1
Full face mask provides the best possible
protection
2
No Jacket, or even long sleeves
2
Rigid motorcycle jacket will prevent gravel
rash, and provide water and wind proofing
2
Full leather jacket with armour plates will
take most of the damage in a crash
3
No Gloves
3
Reinforced gloves to prevent painfull injuries
to the hands and wrists
3
Thick leather glothes prevent painful injuries
to the hands
4
Short Shorts
4
Heavy duty jeans will provide little help in a
moderate speed accident
4
Kevlar lined motorbike jeans will not tear
off in a high speed crash
5
No Shoes
5
Generic shoes provide little help in a crash,
and have no ankle or midsole support
5
Tall, purpose made boots to prevent damage
to the spine and toes
!
This is a very serious, and painful accident
waiting to happen. This is also one of the
most common outfits for scooter drivers
Much more adequate, the wind visor will
allow for a safer drive, and tough materials
all round will help in low speed crashes
Ideal outfit for a scooter driver. This level
of protection will provide the best possible
chance of walking away from a crash
5
BENCHMARKED ON DAELIM B-BONE
PACKAGE DRAWING
I have elected to benchmark my
design around the package of the
Daelim B-Bone for a number of
reasons; It has a larger than average
wheel size, which will allow for a
higher maximum speed (with a
sacrifice
in
acceleration
performance), but will also decrease
the risks of driving over unevenground
and allow for better grip while turning.
Most importantly though, while I have
chosen this shape for being slightly
larger than average (almost moving
into the maxi scooter category),
having seen a B-Bone in real life, my
instant gut reaction was that it was a
scooter. Its shape and graphic keep
it looking like a regular scooter, but
upon side by side comparison the
large difference becomes apparent.
I am aiming to create a concept
design that still has the feel of being a
scooter, as I want the viewers instant
reaction to be that it is a utility vehicle,
designed for work and short journeys.
Its longer than average wheel base
will help accomodate the heft of the
air tank while still allowing for the
storage space I consider essential
to the DNA of any scooter design.
BAMBOO
STRENGTH & SUSTAINABILITY
Bamboo has been used as a structural
material for thousands of years in Asian
cultures, and has been growing in popularity
as an alternative building material to
wood in many industries. It is being used
internationally for textiles, culinary uses,
ornamental artefacts, homewares, and
construction projects. Commonly it is
used as a cheap alternative to scaffolding
in building construction in south east asian
countries, but is also used as a complete
hardwood replacement for entire buildings
and load bearing structures. Specifically
engineered bamboo is a recent field of
research, producing positive results that
are leading to studying its use for structural
metal replacement in certain instances,
including for use in vehicles. It has also been
used as an alternative to rio reinforcing in
concrete structures.
Ecologically, bamboo is widely considered
to be a fantastic alternative to timber
plantations, as bamboo culms (stems) grow
to full size within a year, and are ready for
use within 3-5 years of growing, compared
to growth times of between 7-20+ years
commonly seen in hardwood forests. This
is mostly due to bamboo actually being a
kind of grass, this also means that when
harvested, the bamboo plant does not
actually die, but instead re-shoots from
the same root system, thus eliminating the
issue of having to tear up tree stumps and
roots, and re-fertilise forest floors before
tree plantations can be re-grown.
Bamboo forests have also been shown
to hold significantly more Co2 than
hardwood forests, which coupled with their
fast growing cycle results in a substantial
increase in the reduction of green house
gases.
With current technology however, bamboo
is often criticized with requiring more
chemical treatments than hardwoods for
most applications, and as most structural
bamboo is grown in Asia, it currently must
also be shipped internationally for use in
foreign markets.
CAD DEVELOPMENT V.1
CAD DEVELOPMENT V.2
After reviewing my initial CAD development, It was
determined that the large majority of the forms I had
generated were in need of a major overhaul, so to save
myself allot of trouble I decided the best course of
action would be to start from scratch, and re-model
with the fresh feedback in mind.
COLOUR APPLICATION
DETAIL VIEWS
MATERIALS
BAMBOO | STEAM PRESSED
HIGH GLOSS PAINT | JET BLACK
RECYCLED TYRE RUBBER
SATIN PAINT | COLOUR
MATT PAINT | DARK GREY
POLISHED METAL
CORDURA NYLON
GLASS SURFACES
LIGHTING DESIGN
DRIVING LIGHTS
BRAKE LIGHTS
CAD TO RAPID PROTOTYPING
To realise a physical model of the design
in the short timeframe of this studio, it
was elected that 3d printing would be
the best option. I decided to use RMIT’s
Z-Corporation printer, as it outputs
incredibly high quality models at a relatively
cheap price. The downside to this medium
however is its shocking fragility, which
meant that my model had to be modified
in load bearing areas in order to be able to
support its own weight.
Another advantage of the :Z-Corp printer
is its ability to print in full CMYK colour.
Wanting to take advantage of this, I made
the decision to differentiate components
of my bike in black and white, rather than
print a full colour surface. I decided against
full colour as I was concerned that it would
make the model appear too much like
a toy. The print time of my scooter was
around 9 hours, and had a material cost of
$390, of which ~$50 was the colour finish.
Once printed, I opted to remove the print
from the bed myself, as I knew the weakest
elements of the bike, and wanted to get a
better understanding of the work of the
technitian.
After carefully vacuuming most of the
powder out, it took 2 carefull sets of
hands to lift the model out, and onto a
stand I had constructed with the aid of
RMIT’s CNC and laser cut facilities. I then
removed excess dust with compressed
air, and moved the model to a workshop
space for finishing.
There are different methods of solidifying
these fragile models, and I opted to paint
mine in superglue. This did a great job of
hardening the body, and also bringing out
the colour of the print. It has resulted in
slight patchiness on the black areas, which
is something I will need to experiment
with further next time.
FRESH PRINT
AFTER SUPERGLUEING
CAD RENDER
PRESENTATIONS
We have had weekly presentations for
our class work, but in particular, we were
required to create a Prezi presentation
for midsemester review, which covered
our progress and concept to date. At this
point (7 weeks in) we were expected
to have completed all of our research,
benchmarking, and concept development,
as well as made a start on the CAD work
of final forms.
PREZI PRESENTATION
For our end of semester presentations, we
were required to create; a presentation
folio (this document), a bound semester
folio with every piece of work done
over the semester, including all scribbles,
notes, and weekly presentations, an A1
presentation board, and a 3 minute video
presentation.
VIDEO PRESENTATION
A1 PRESENTATION BOARD
ECOMOTO
CONCEPT PROPOSAL
RATIONALE
To me, the scooter represents the
perfect form of utility transport for a
single user, with the capability to carry a
passenger. They are easy to make, cheap
to run, and often have enough storage
space to carry luggage to work on a
daily basis, or to do daily trips to the local
market. Unfortunately though, because of
their perceived ‘cheapness’ and a lack
of regulations scooters are often not
adequately
equipped to clean their
emissions, and often have higher emissions
of NOx than cars. While not as bad as
the CO2 emitted by larger vehicles, NOx
still plays a large role in urban pollution,
contributing especially to smog, and ugly
smells.
By equipping a scooter design with an
air powered engine however, all issues of
My Concepts form is designed with the intention
of being as simple as possible, to demonstrate the
possibility of designing an attractive vehicle without
adorning it in unnecessary plastic
emissions are removed. The air engine is
also much smaller in size than a
regular combustion engine, allowing for
even more storage capacity, or safety, to be
built into the scooters body.
Concepts like this can potentially be
priced at levels that will allow
populations in developing countries that
have never been able to afford
transportation a cheap, clean, quiet and
efficient option.
It will also help to curtail the dangerous,
and environmentally dangerous driving
habits often seen in more economically
developed nations.
When designing an object with the express
intention of sustainability and equity, I feel
that the best approach is often simplicity.
That certainly does not make it the easy
path though, as it means designing an honest
form,and cant use flashy covers to hide faults.
Designing such an open form has allowed
me to focus my attention on the large
scale configuration of the conponents, to
ensure that it looks good from every angle,
and which invites viewers to approach
it and instect the detail up close.
I decided to use bamboo in lieu of
other materials for my bikes fairings,
as I found through my research that it
is fast becoming popular as a material
for structural forms, and is in many ways
a much for environmentally friendly
option for plantations than hardwoods.
ECO MOTO | RMIT UNIVERSITY INDUSTRIAL DESIGN STUDIO PROJECT 2013 | supported by ENGINE AIR AUSTRALIA | STUDIO LEADERS: SIMON CURLIS | DARBY BICHENO
My aim in this studio was to develop a concept vehicle
based around a locally developed air powered engine.
I have decided to base my design around the step
through architecture found in urban scooters globally.
Darby Bicheno
REFLECTION
This has been a very busy semester for me,
but I am happy to say that I am incredibly
proud of the final result. My approach for
the semester was to hit the floor running,
and not to stop till the end, and this has
paid off enourmously at the end of the
semester through the sheer amount of
work that I have to present.
My major learning focus for the semester
has been to improve my drawing and
CAD rendering skills, and to focus my time
management to a much higher degree in
preperation for the 4th year of my course.
The only major issue I had this semester
with my design process was in my inability
to put my ideas onto paper through
design drawings. I attempted to overcome
this issue through simple blunt trauma,
which helped me get through issues with
my perception of the quality of my work.
This worked as well as it could, as I forced
myself to draw as much as I could, and I am
entirely aware that its a skill set that is still
in need of allot of attention.
Through the magic of 20/20 hindsight, if i
was to start this project again, I would have
developed a detailed timeline and gant
chart for the semester, and put for focus
on the development of a final concept
pre-cad, rather than fall into my usual trap
of designing details and forms in CAD.
The most important thing I have proven to
myself this semester is that all you have to
do to produce great work, is to get off your
ass and do it, and keep doing it consistently.

here - Darby Bicheno

Transcrição

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