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Southeast Brazil
Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna
26 September - 13 October 2009
Tour leader: Nick Athanas
Report and photos by Nick Athanas
all photos were taken on the tour
Photo left: Yellow-fronted Woodpecker from
Intervales State Park
Our 2009 Southeast Brazil tour was surprising in
many ways. Only two people signed up for it,
thanks in large part to the global recession. Even
though time was short and I had already pretty
much given up on the tour, I decided to run it
anyway, a decision I nearly came to regret, as it
was a struggle to get lodge spaces at short notice. Fortuned smiled broadly, and it all came together in
the end. A pity no one else signed up, as it turned out to be one of the most successful tours I've ever
guided. Despite missing nearly a day at Intervales due to a cancelled flight, not to mention having more
than out share of rain due to El Niño, and overlapping with a crazy busy holiday weekend near the end,
and not even going at an excessively fast pace, we managed to see more birds on this tour than I every
have before. For reasons we'll never know, the birds were just especially responsive and easy to see.
Normally shy birds showed well, most notably the antbirds, of which we saw (well!) 33 of the 34 species
possible on the itinerary. We came to expect surprises after a series of unexpected "write-ins" bolstered
the list. A terrific trip in the end, with a list that will be hard to top, but I'll sure give it a shot in 2010!
Intervales
The trip certainly did not start well. Bob & Tony had their flight to São Paulo cancelled due to a TAP
airlines pilot strike, and arrived 24 hours late. Intervales is arguable the best spot on the entire tour, and
to miss a day here is really painful. We all agreed to minimize the damage by getting up at a
ridiculously early hour and driving straight to Intervales in time to save part of the morning. This worked
out well, and we got to the state park by 7:45am, even seeing our only Streamer-tailed Tyrant en
route. We still ended up having two full days at this remote and fantastic park, and as usual it did not
disappoint. You are required to be accompanied by a park ranger while here, but a couple of them are
great birders and it would a good idea to hire them even it weren't necessary. We had Luis this time,
and I've birded with him on many other trips, and he really knows the birds here. His brother is also
getting quite good! Here are some of the key birds we saw during our time at Intervales, and most of
them we saw nowhere else on the tour: Black-fronted Piping-Guan, Pileated Parrot, Long-trained
Nightjar, Dusky-throated Hermit, Buff-bellied Puffbird, Saffron and Spot-billed Toucanets, Ochrecollared Piculet, Yellow-fronted Woodpecker, Rufous-breasted Leaftosser, Orange-breasted
Thornbird, Pale-browed Treehunter, Spot-backed, Giant, Large-tailed, and White-bearded
Antshrikes, Bertoni's and Ochre-rumped Antbirds, Squamate Antbird, Sao Paulo, Bay-ringed,
and Oustalet's Tyrannulets, Brown-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant, Sharpbill, Hooded Berryeater, Barethroated Bellbird, Cinnamon-vented Piha, Red-ruffed Fruitcrow, Black-legged Dacnis, and Halfcollared Sparrow.
Tropical Birding
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1
Ubatuba
After our final morning at Intervales, we drove back through São Paulo where the traffic was thankfully
not too bad, stopping near Moji da Cruzes for the Parana Antwren. This bird was far harder this year
than previous years thanks to the rainy winter and a new fence built by the owner to keep unscrupulous
neighbors from dumping their trash. Even though I got permission to go in, there is no gate, we had to
go through the barbed-wire fence and wade through the flooded reedbeds. We were all completely
soaked by the end of it, but luckily a male came in at the 11th hour and we had great views of it. We
spent the next three nights not far from Ubatuba, birding several different spots in the area. Heavy rain
cost us some birding time, but on some of these occasions we were able to escape to Jonas's fantastic
hummer and banana feeders, where we had 11 hummers including Saw-billed Hermit, Sombre
Hummingbird, Black Jacobin, Festive Coquette, and White-chinned Sapphire, as well as tons of
tanagers on the fruit like Azure-shouldered, Golden-chevroned, Brazilian, and Green-headed. A
singing Shrike-like Cotinga almost next to the main highway may have been the biggest surprise of
the trip. It came straight in to playback for brilliant views, and a woman walking down the road to work
even stopped to have a look, wondering what all the excitement was about! It was a young bird,
probably wandering in search of a territory, as it was not refound. Other nice sightings from around here
included Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle, Blond-crested Woodpecker, Orange-eyed Thornbird,
Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner, Tufted Antshrike, Spot-breasted Antvireo, Unicolored Antwren,
Scaled Antbird, Black-cheeked Gnateater, Spotted Bamboowren, Slaty Bristlefront, Gray-capped
Tyrannulet, Eye-ringed Tody-Tyrant, and Buff-throated Purpletuft. Our final morning we birded
north of the town of Perequê, the best known stake-out for Black-hooded Antwren, which we found
easily (nest building) as well as Tataupa Tinamou next to the road, a brilliant male Frilled Coquette,
our only Yellow-eared Woodpecker, Chestnut-backed Antshrike, Fork-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant,
Riverbank Warbler, and others.
Saw-billed Hermit
Sombre Hummingbird
Azure-shouldered Tanager
Tropical Birding
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2
REGUA
As we arrived at Guapi Assu Bird Lodge, there was one of
the reintroduced Red-billed Curassows right in the
driveway. It had lost it's radio transmitter - does that make
it "tickable"? Hey, I'm not the list police. There was time
for some birding around the wetlands in the afternoon.
The birding is easy and there's a lot to see. A few of the
better ones were Masked Duck, Rufescent Tiger-Heron,
Wing-banded Hornero, Yellow-chinned Spinetail,
Black-capped Donacobius, and Chestnut-capped
Blackbird. Staying out after dusk got us the stunning
Tawny-browed Owl as well as a somewhat unexpected
Spot-tailed Nightjar sitting on the ground. The next day
we took a rather long hike up into the reserve. The
weather was looking bad, but luckily the rain held off, and
it was a pleasantly cool day with great bird activity. Having
already seen the Shrike-like Cotinga in Ubatuba, we could
relax and take our time up the trail, finding White-necked
Hawk, Surucua Trogon, Rufous-capped Motmot,
Crescent-chested
Puffbird,
Yellow-throated
Woodpecker, Black-capped and White-eyed Foliage-gleaners, White-throated Woodcreeper,
Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike, Gray-hooded Flycatcher, Grayish Mourner,
Pin-tailed and Swallow-tailed Manakins, Temminck's Seedeater, and
Blue-naped Chlorophonia. The best bird of the day had to be the Blackcapped Screech-Owl that flew out of it's roosting hole when we got too close
and sat full in the open on a branch! Check out the photo above. On our
second full day, we took a long day trip up to Pico da Caledonia in the Serra
dos Órgãos mountains. The target here is the extremely local Gray-winged
Cotinga, which did not disappoint, as it came in and showed itself better than
ever. We also had Black-and-gold Cotinga here (photo left) as other high
elevation birds like Plovercrest, Rufous-tailed Antbird, Rufous-backed
Antvireo, and Mouse-colored Tapaculo.
White-necked Hawk
Tropical Birding
Rufous-tailed Antbird
www.tropicalbirding.com
3
Before heading for Itatiaia, we took a detour to the coast to see Restinga Antwren. We saw it easily,
also finding a surprise Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch nearby. A strong south wind brought a few pelagics
in close, and we saw a few Manx Shearwaters and a Parasitic Jaeger among the more common
Brown Boobies. We drove a few hours to Itatiaia National Park, seeing the landmarks of Rio as we
crossed over the 13 km Niterói Bridge (the longest in South America).
Itatiaia
This is the oldest of Brazil's national parks, and one
of the most visited. It provides easy access to nice
forest from the foothills all the way up to treeline.
Access to the highest elevations is along a different
road, so we stayed in two different hotels to minimize
travel time, both superb, the Hotel do Ypê and the
Hotel São Gotardo. We had a day of birding out of
the Ypê, and it started with a bang with a Swallowtailed Cotinga from the parking lot right after
breakfast - one of the coolest and most sought-after
birds of the Atlantic Forest, and the only one we saw
on the tour. It was hard to beat that but we tried with
a terrific Robust Woodpecker seen soon after. Other
birds for the day included Dusky-legged Guan,
Scale-throated Hermit, Scaled Woodcreeper,
White-bibbed Antbird, Such's Antthrush, Drabbreasted Pygmy-Tyrant, Buffy-fronted Seedeater,
and a decidedly uncooperative Southern Antpipit.
Next day we left early to drive the 1h15m to the
Algulhas Negras road at the upper part of the park,
where the birding was absolutely out-of-this-world.
The birds were virtually falling into our laps, and we
had seen pretty much everything available by lunchtime! Not just the easy ones, either. A partial list of
the victims of our binoculars: Speckle-breasted Antpitta, Rufous-tailed Antthrush, Black-capped
Piprites, Itatiaia Spinetail (photo above), Araucaria Tit-Spinetail, Gray-bellied Spinetail, Sharptailed Streamcreeper, Thick-billed Saltator, Olivaceous Elaenia, Serra do Mar, Mottle-cheeked,
and Greenish Tyrannulets, Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin, Bay-chested and Buff-throated
Warbling-Finches, Blackish Rail, and White-rumped Hawk. Having pretty much cleaned up, we took
the afternoon off and relaxed at the beautiful hotel right at the start of the road.
Dusky-legged Guan
Tropical Birding
Green-headed Tanager
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4
Canastra
We arrived at Canastra in the middle of a torrential
rainstorm, so we went to check in to the hotel in São
Roque before going out birding. We spent an afternoon
and a full day on the south side of the Canastra
escarpment. Most of the accessible birding areas are
outside of the national park, but despite this it is the best
place in the world to look for Brazilian Merganser, and
the birding is easy with daily lists often reaching 120
species. It took some searching to get the mergansers,
but we finally found a big family sitting on a rock in the
middle of the São Francisco River. Other birds we saw
here included Buff-necked Ibis, Red-legged Seriema,
Yellow-chevroned Parakeet, Great Dusky Swift, Toco
Toucan, Sooty-fronted and Pale-breasted Spinetails,
Firewood-gatherer,
Narrow-billed
Woodcreeper,
Black-capped Antwren, Crested Black-Tyrant,
Helmeted Manakin, Curl-crested Jay, White-bellied
Warbler, Chestnut-headed Tanager, Blue Finch,
Black-throated Saltator, and Saffron-billed Sparrow.
White-wedged Piculet (photo left) was another surprise
write-in and a first for the tour. On our second full day,
we drove up to the top of the plateau and birded the tall grasslands, which host a very distinctive and
threatened avifauna. The holiday weekend was in full swing, and the normally deserted rough road
through the park looked like a superhighway at times. Somehow this didn't seem to bother the birds,
and we even had two tinamous in the road, Red-winged Tinamou and Spotted Nothura, which
seemed ridiculous! Some other birds we saw up here were White-eared Puffbird, Rufous-winged
Antshrike, Plain-crested and Lesser Elaenias, Sharp-tailed Tyrant, Cock-tailed Tyrant, Tawnyheaded Swallow, Sedge Wren, Ochre-breasted Pipit, White-rumped Tanager, Plumbeous
Seedeater, Great Pampa-Finch, and Black-masked Finch.
Brazilian Merganser
Tropical Birding
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Black Tufted-ear Marmoset
5
Caraça
We left Canastra early for the long drive east. A random leg-stretching stop got us a flock of Barefaced Ibis, a first for this tour, and a short stop at a state park near Belo Horizonte produced the
expected Three-toed Jacamar. We carried on to Caraça, which was a mob scene thanks to the
holiday weekend. There were only a few targets for us here, and we picked them up pretty easily either
that afternoon or the next morning, including Serra Antwren, Dusky-tailed Antbird (better views than
at Intervales), Green-backed Becard, Gilt-edged Tanager, and Golden-rumped Euphonia.
Unfortunately the huge crowds kept the normally reliable Maned Wolves away from the monastery. At
one point after dinner there were over 100 people crowded onto the church steps, making so much
noise that I can't blame the poor animal for not coming in to eat the chicken bones left out for it!
Dusky-tailed Antbird
Gilt-edged Tanager
Tropical Birding
Masked Titi-Monkey
Golden-rumped Euphonia
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6
Cipó
I took a different road north that completely avoided the city of Belo Horizonte, and allowed us to bird a
side road that produced a tour-first Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin even in the heat of the day, as well as
a few other things. We checked into our chalets near the Serra do Cipó as hordes of vacationers were
checking out - a good sign! It was near the end of the tour, with only an afternoon and a morning
remaining, but we were down to a last few key birds, which again proved remarkably easy. The target
endemics were Hyacinth Visorbearer, Cipo Canastero, Gray-backed Tachuri, and Cinereous
Warbling-Finch, but we saw a few other nice things too, such as a much better Blue Finch compared
to the dull juve we had seen a few days ago, and White-vented Violet-ear, Horned Sungem, Suiriri
Flycatcher, Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant, and White-banded Tanager.
Cipo Canastero
Blue Finch
Tropical Birding
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7
BIRD LIST
This list includes all the bird species that were recorded by at least one of the group, including the leader.
Taxonomy and nomenclature follow: Clements, James F. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World.
Sixth Edition, 2007, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, including all updates through December 2009.
Totals:
464 bird species seen
17 heard only
Abbreviations:
H=Heard only
(I)=Introduced species
(E)=Species endemic to Brazil
(VU)=Considered vulnerable by BirdLife International
(EN)=Considered endangered by BirdLife International
(CR)=Considered critically endangered by BirdLife International
TINAMOUS
Solitary Tinamou
Brown Tinamou
H Small-billed Tinamou
Tataupa Tinamou
Red-winged Tinamou
Spotted Nothura
H Dwarf Tinamou
DUCKS, GEESE, AND WATERFOWL
White-faced Whistling-Duck
Muscovy Duck
Brazilian Teal
White-cheeked Pintail
Brazilian Merganser (CR)
Masked Duck
GUANS, CURASSOWS, AND ALLIES
Rusty-margined Guan
Dusky-legged Guan
Black-fronted Piping-Guan (EN)
Red-billed Curassow (E-EN, reintroduced)
NEW WORLD QUAIL
H Spot-winged Wood-Quail
GREBES
Least Grebe
Pied-billed Grebe
SHEARWATERS AND PETRELS
Manx Shearwater
BOOBIES AND GANNETS
Brown Booby
CORMORANTS
Neotropic Cormorant
FRIGATEBIRDS
Magnificent Frigatebird
Tropical Birding
TINAMIDAE
Tinamus solitarius
Crypturellus obsoletus
Crypturellus parvirostris
Crypturellus tataupa
Rhynchotus rufescens
Nothura maculosa
Taoniscus nanus
ANATIDAE
Dendrocygna viduata
Cairina moschata
Amazonetta brasiliensis
Anas bahamensis
Mergus octosetaceus
Nomonyx dominica
CRACIDAE
Penelope superciliaris
Penelope obscura
Pipile jacutinga
Crax blumenbachii
ODONTOPHORIDAE
Odontophorus capueira
PODICIPEDIDAE
Tachybaptus dominicus
Podilymbus podiceps
PROCELLARIIDAE
Puffinus puffinus
SULIDAE
Sula leucogaster
PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax brasilianus
FREGATIDAE
Fregata magnificens
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8
HERONS, EGRETS, AND BITTERNS
Rufescent Tiger-Heron
Cocoi Heron
Great Egret
Snowy Egret
Little Blue Heron
Cattle Egret
Striated Heron
Whistling Heron
Capped Heron
Black-crowned Night-Heron
IBISES AND SPOONBILLS
Bare-faced Ibis
Buff-necked Ibis
Roseate Spoonbill
NEW WORLD VULTURES
Black Vulture
Turkey Vulture
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture
King Vulture
HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES
Swallow-tailed Kite
Rufous-thighed Kite
Plumbeous Kite
Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle
Crane Hawk
White-necked Hawk (E-VU)
Savanna Hawk
Roadside Hawk
White-rumped Hawk
White-tailed Hawk
Black Hawk-Eagle
Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle
FALCONS AND CARACARAS
Barred Forest-Falcon
H Collared Forest-Falcon
Southern Caracara
Yellow-headed Caracara
American Kestrel
Bat Falcon
RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS
Rufous-sided Crake
Gray-necked Wood-Rail
Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail
H Russet-crowned Crake
H Ash-throated Crake
Blackish Rail
Purple Gallinule
Common Moorhen
SERIEMAS
Red-legged Seriema
PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS
Southern Lapwing
Tropical Birding
ARDEIDAE
Tigrisoma lineatum
Ardea cocoi
Ardea alba
Egretta thula
Egretta caerulea
Bubulcus ibis
Butorides striata
Syrigma sibilatrix
Pilherodius pileatus
Nycticorax nycticorax
THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Phimosus infuscatus
Theristicus caudatus
Platalea ajaja
CATHARTIDAE
Coragyps atratus
Cathartes aura
Cathartes burrovianus
Sarcoramphus papa
ACCIPITRIDAE
Elanoides forficatus
Harpagus diodon
Ictinia plumbea
Geranoaetus melanoleucus
Geranospiza caerulescens
Leucopternis lacernulatus
Buteogallus meridionalis
Buteo magnirostris
Buteo leucorrhous
Buteo albicaudatus
Spizaetus tyrannus
Spizaetus melanoleucus
FALCONIDAE
Micrastur ruficollis
Micrastur semitorquatus
Caracara plancus
Milvago chimachima
Falco sparverius
Falco rufigularis
RALLIDAE
Laterallus melanophaius
Aramides cajanea
Aramides saracura
Anurolimnas viridis
Porzana albicollis
Pardirallus nigricans
Porphyrio martinica
Gallinula chloropus
CARIAMIDAE
Cariama cristata
CHARADRIIDAE
Vanellus chilensis
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9
American Golden-Plover
Semipalmated Plover
STILTS AND AVOCETS
Black-necked (White-backed) Stilt
JACANAS
Wattled Jacana
SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES
Spotted Sandpiper
Greater Yellowlegs
Lesser Yellowlegs
Ruddy Turnstone
Sanderling
GULLS
Kelp Gull
TERNS
Common Tern
Royal Tern
Sandwich Tern
Sandwich (Cayenne) Tern
SKUAS AND JAEGERS
Parasitic Jaeger
PIGEONS AND DOVES
Rock Pigeon (I)
Pale-vented Pigeon
Picazuro Pigeon
Plumbeous Pigeon
Eared Dove
Ruddy Ground-Dove
Scaled Dove
White-tipped Dove
H Gray-fronted Dove
PARROTS
Maroon-bellied Parakeet
White-eyed Parakeet
Golden-capped Parakeet (E)
Peach-fronted Parakeet
Blue-winged Parrotlet
Plain Parakeet (E)
Yellow-chevroned Parakeet
Pileated (Red-capped) Parrot
Scaly-headed Parrot
CUCKOOS
Squirrel Cuckoo
Guira Cuckoo
Striped Cuckoo
H Pavonine Cuckoo
Smooth-billed Ani
OWLS
Tropical Screech-Owl
Black-capped (Variable) Screech-Owl
Tawny-browed Owl
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl
Burrowing Owl
Tropical Birding
Pluvialis dominica
Charadrius semipalmatus
RECURVIROSTRIDAE
Himantopus mexicanus melanurus
JACANIDAE
Jacana jacana
SCOLOPACIDAE
Actitis macularia
Tringa melanoleuca
Tringa flavipes
Arenaria interpres
Calidris alba
LARIDAE: LARINAE
Larus dominicanus
LARIDAE: STERNINAE
Sterna hirundo
Thalasseus maximus
Thalasseus sandvicensis acuflavidus
Thalasseus sandvicensis eurygnathus
STERCORARIIDAE
Stercorarius parasiticus
COLUMBIDAE
Columba livia
Patagioenas cayennensis
Patagioenas picazuro
Patagioenas plumbea
Zenaida auriculata
Columbina talpacoti
Columbina squammata
Leptotila verreauxi
Leptotila rufaxilla
PSITTACIDAE
Pyrrhura frontalis
Aratinga leucophthalma
Aratinga auricapillus
Aratinga aurea
Forpus xanthopterygius
Brotogeris tirica
Brotogeris chiriri
Pionopsitta pileata
Pionus maximiliani
CULIDAE
Piaya cayana
Guira guira
Tapera naevia
Dromococcyx pavoninus
Crotophaga ani
STRIGIDAE
Megascops choliba
Megascops atricapilla
Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana
Glaucidium brasilianum
Athene cunicularia
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10
H Rusty-barred Owl
NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES
Short-tailed Nighthawk
Common Pauraque
Spot-tailed Nightjar
Long-trained Nightjar
POTOOS
H Common Potoo
SWIFTS
Sooty Swift
Great Dusky Swift
White-collared Swift
Biscutate Swift
Sick's Swift
Gray-rumped Swift
HUMMINGBIRDS
Saw-billed Hermit (E)
Rufous-breasted Hermit
Dusky-throated Hermit (E)
Reddish Hermit
Planalto Hermit
Scale-throated Hermit
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird
Sombre Hummingbird (E)
Black Jacobin
White-vented Violetear
Black-throated Mango
Plovercrest (E)
Frilled Coquette (E)
Festive Coquette
Glittering-bellied Emerald
Violet-capped Woodnymph
White-chinned Sapphire
White-throated Hummingbird
Versicolored Emerald
Glittering-throated Emerald
Brazilian Ruby (E)
Hyacinth Visorbearer (E)
Horned Sungem
Amethyst Woodstar
TROGONS
Green-backed (White-tailed) Trogon
Surucua Trogon (yellow - north) (E)
Surucua Trogon (red - south)
Black-throated Trogon
MOTMOTS
Rufous-capped Motmot
KINGFISHERS
Ringed Kingfisher
PUFFBIRDS
Buff-bellied Puffbird (E)
White-eared Puffbird
Crescent-chested Puffbird (E)
Tropical Birding
Strix hylophila
CAPRIMULGIDAE
Lurocalis semitorquatus
Nyctidromus albicollis
Caprimulgus maculicaudus
Macropsalis forcipata
NYCTIBIIDAE
Nyctibius griseus
APODIDAE
Cypseloides fumigatus
Cypseloides senex
Streptoprocne zonaris
Streptoprocne biscutata
Chaetura meridionalis
Chaetura cinereiventris
TROCHILIDAE
Ramphodon naevius
Glaucis hirsutus
Phaethornis squalidus
Phaethornis ruber
Phaethornis pretrei
Phaethornis eurynome
Eupetomena macroura
Aphantochroa cirrochloris
Florisuga fuscus
Colibri serrirostris
Anthracothorax nigricollis
Stephanoxis lalandi lalandi
Lophornis magnificus
Lophornis chalybeus chalybeus
Chlorostilbon aureoventris
Thalurania glaucopis
Hylocharis cyanus
Leucochloris albicollis
Amazilia versicolor versicolor
Amazilia fimbriata
Clytolaema rubricauda
Augastes scutatus
Heliactin bilophus
Calliphlox amethystina
TROGONIDAE
Trogon viridis melanopterus
Trogon surrucura aurantius
Trogon surrucura surrucura
Trogon rufus
MOMOTIDAE
Baryphthengus ruficapillus
ALCEDINIDAE
Megaceryle torquata
BUCCONIDAE
Notharchus swainsoni
Nystalus chacuru
Malacoptila striata
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11
JACAMARS
GALBULIDAE
Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
Three-toed Jacamar (E-VU)
Galbula ruficauda
Rufous-tailed Jacamar
TOUCANS
RAMPHASTIDAE
Pteroglossus bailloni
Saffron Toucanet (E)
Selenidera maculirostris
Spot-billed Toucanet
Ramphastos toco
Toco Toucan
Ramphastos vitellinus ariel
Channel-billed Toucan
Ramphastos dicolorus
Red-breasted Toucan
WOODPECKERS
PICIDAE
Picumnus cirratus
White-barred Piculet
Picumnus temminckii
Ochre-collared Piculet
Picumnus albosquamatus guttifer
White-wedged Piculet
Melanerpes candidus
White Woodpecker
Melanerpes flavifrons
Yellow-fronted Woodpecker
Veniliornis passerinus
Little Woodpecker
Veniliornis spilogaster
White-spotted Woodpecker
Veniliornis maculifrons
Yellow-eared Woodpecker (E)
Piculus flavigula erythropis
Yellow-throated Woodpecker
White-browed (Yellow-browed) Woodpecker Piculus aurulentus
Colaptes melanochloros
Green-barred Woodpecker
Colaptes campestris campestris
Campo Flicker
Celeus flavescens
Blond-crested Woodpecker
Dryocopus lineatus
Lineated Woodpecker
Campephilus robustus
Robust Woodpecker
OVENBIRDS
FURNARIIDAE: FURNARIINAE
H Tawny-throated Leaftosser
Sclerurus mexicanus
Sclerurus scansor scansor
Rufous-breasted Leaftosser
Furnarius figulus
Wing-banded (Tail-banded) Hornero (E)
Furnarius rufus
Rufous Hornero
Leptasthenura setaria
Araucaria Tit-Spinetail
Oreophylax moreirae
Itatiaia Spinetail (Thistletail) (E)
Synallaxis ruficapilla
Rufous-capped Spinetail
Synallaxis cinerascens
Gray-bellied Spinetail
Synallaxis frontalis
Sooty-fronted Spinetail
Synallaxis albescens
Pale-breasted Spinetail
Synallaxis spixi
Spix's (Chicli) Spinetail
Cranioleuca pallida
Pallid Spinetail (E)
Certhiaxis cinnamomeus
Yellow-chinned Spinetail
Asthenes luizae
Cipo Canastero (E-VU)
Phacellodomus rufifrons
Rufous-fronted (Common) Thornbird
Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus
Orange-eyed (Red-eyed) Thornbird (E)
Orange-breasted (Red-eyed) Thornbird (E) Phacellodomus ferrugineigula
Anumbius annumbi
Firewood-gatherer
Syndactyla rufosuperciliata
Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner
Philydor lichtensteini
Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner
Philydor atricapillus
Black-capped Foliage-gleaner
Philydor rufum
Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner
Anabazenops fuscus
White-collared Foliage-gleaner (E)
Cichlocolaptes leucophrus
Pale-browed Treehunter (E)
Automolus l. leucophthalmus
White-eyed Foliage-gleaner
Lochmias nematura
Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper
Heliobletus contaminatus
Sharp-billed Treehunter
Tropical Birding
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Streaked Xenops
WOODCREEPERS
Plain-brown (Thrush-like) Woodcreeper
Olivaceous Woodcreeper
White-throated Woodcreeper
Planalto Woodcreeper
Lesser Woodcreeper
Narrow-billed Woodcreeper
Scaled Woodcreeper (E)
Black-billed Scythebill
TYPICAL ANTBIRDS
Spot-backed Antshrike
Giant Antshrike
Large-tailed Antshrike
Tufted Antshrike
Great Antshrike
White-bearded Antshrike (VU)
Rufous-capped Antshrike
Rufous-winged Antshrike
Chestnut-backed Antshrike
Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike (E)
Variable Antshrike
Spot-breasted Antvireo
Plain Antvireo
Rufous-backed Antvireo (E)
Star-throated Antwren (E)
White-flanked Antwren
Unicolored Antwren (E)
Black-capped Antwren
Rufous-winged Antwren
Black-hooded Antwren (E-EN)
Serra Antwren (E)
Restinga Antwren (E-CR)
Parana Antwren (E-EN)
Ferruginous Antbird (E)
Bertoni's Antbird
Rufous-tailed Antbird (E)
Ochre-rumped Antbird (E)
Dusky-tailed Antbird
Scaled Antbird (E)
Streak-capped Antwren
White-shouldered Fire-eye
White-bibbed Antbird (E)
Squamate Antbird (E)
ANTTHRUSHES
Rufous-capped Antthrush
Short-tailed Antthrush
Such's (Cryptic) Antthrush (E)
Rufous-tailed (Brazilian) Antthrush
ANTPITTAS
H Variegated Antpitta
Speckle-breasted Antpitta
Tropical Birding
Xenops rutilans
FURNARIIDAE: DENDROCOLAPTINAE
Dendrocincla fuliginosa turdina
Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus
Xiphocolaptes albicollis
Dendrocolaptes platyrostris
Xiphorhynchus fuscus
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris
Lepidocolaptes squamatus
Campylorhamphus falcularius
THAMNOPHILIDAE
Hypoedaleus guttatus
Batara cinerea
Mackenziaena leachii
Mackenziaena severa
Taraba major
Biatas nigropectus
Thamnophilus r. ruficapillus
Thamnophilus torquatus
Thamnophilus palliatus vestitus
Thamnophilus ambiguus
Thamnophilus c. caerulescens
Dysithamnus stictothorax
Dysithamnus mentalis mentalis
Dysithamnus xanthopterus
Myrmotherula gularis
Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa
Myrmotherula unicolor
Herpsilochmus atricapillus
Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
Formicivora erythronotos
Formicivora serrana
Formicivora littoralis
Stymphalornis acutirostris
Drymophila ferruginea
Drymophila rubricollis
Drymophila genei
Drymophila ochropyga
Drymophila malura
Drymophila squamata
Terenura maculata
Pyriglena leucoptera
Myrmeciza loricata
Myrmeciza squamosa
FORMICARIIDAE
Formicarius colma
Chamaeza c. campanisona
Chamaeza meruloides
Chamaeza ruficauda
GRALLARIIDAE
Grallaria varia imperator
Hylopezus nattereri
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H
H
H
H
GNATEATERS
Rufous Gnateater
Black-cheeked Gnateater (E)
TAPACULOS
Spotted Bamboowren
Slaty Bristlefront (E)
White-breasted Tapaculo (E)
Mouse-colored Tapaculo
Brasilia Tapaculo (E)
CRESCENTCHESTS
Collared Crescentchest
TYRANT FLYCATCHERS
Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet
Suiriri Flycatcher
Yellow Tyrannulet
Gray-backed Tachuri (E)
Gray Elaenia
Yellow-bellied Elaenia
Olivaceous Elaenia
Plain-crested Elaenia
Lesser Elaenia
Highland Elaenia
Sooty Tyrannulet
White-crested Tyrannulet
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher
Gray-hooded Flycatcher (E)
Sepia-capped Flycatcher
Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet
Sao Paulo Tyrannulet
Oustalet's Tyrannulet
Serra do Mar Tyrannulet (E)
Bay-ringed Tyrannulet
Rough-legged Tyrannulet
Greenish Tyrannulet
Planalto Tyrannulet
Gray-capped Tyrannulet (E)
Sharp-tailed Tyrant (VU)
Southern Antpipit
Eared Pygmy-Tyrant
Drab-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant
Brown-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant (E)
Eye-ringed Tody-Tyrant (E)
Hangnest Tody-Tyrant (E)
Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant
Fork-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant (E-VU)
Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher
Gray-headed (Yellow-lored) Tody-Flycatcher
Yellow-olive Flycatcher
White-throated Spadebill
Russet-winged Spadebill (VU)
Cliff Flycatcher
Whiskered (Yellow-rumped) Flycatcher
Black-tailed Flycatcher
Tropical Birding
CONOPOPHAGIDAE
Conopophaga lineata vulgaris
Conopophaga melanops
RHINOCRYPTIDAE
Psilorhamphus guttatus
Merulaxis ater
Eleoscytalopus indigoticus
Scytalopus speluncae
Scytalopus novacapitalis
MELANOPAREIDAE
Melanopareia torquata
TYRANNIDAE
Camptostoma obsoletum
Suiriri suiriri suiriri
Capsiempis flaveola
Polystictus superciliaris
Myiopagis caniceps caniceps
Elaenia flavogaster
Elaenia mesoleuca
Elaenia cristata
Elaenia chiriquensis
Elaenia obscura
Serpophaga nigricans
Serpophaga subcristata
Mionectes oleagineus oleagineus
Mionectes rufiventris
Leptopogon amaurocephalus
Phylloscartes ventralis
Phylloscartes paulista
Phylloscartes oustaleti
Phylloscartes difficilis
Phylloscartes sylviolus
Phyllomyias b. burmeisteri
Phyllomyias virescens
Phyllomyias fasciatus
Phyllomyias griseocapilla
Culicivora caudacuta
Corythopis delalandi
Myiornis auricularis
Hemitriccus diops
Hemitriccus obsoletus
Hemitriccus orbitatus
Hemitriccus nidipendulus
Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer
Hemitriccus furcatus
Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps
Todirostrum poliocephalum
Tolmomyias s. sulphurescens
Platyrinchus mystaceus
Platyrinchus leucoryphus
Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa
Myiobius barbatus mastacalis
Myiobius atricaudus ridgwayi
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14
Bran-colored Flycatcher
Euler's Flycatcher
Tropical Pewee
Fuscous Flycatcher
Blue-billed Black-Tyrant
Crested Black-Tyrant
Velvety Black-Tyrant (E)
Yellow-browed Tyrant
Gray Monjita
White-rumped Monjita
Streamer-tailed Tyrant
Shear-tailed Gray Tyrant
Masked Water-Tyrant
White-headed Marsh-Tyrant
Cock-tailed Tyrant (VU)
Long-tailed Tyrant
Cattle Tyrant
Large-headed Flatbill
Gray-hooded Attila
Sirystes
Grayish Mourner
Swainson's Flycatcher
Short-crested Flycatcher
Brown-crested Flycatcher
Great Kiskadee
Boat-billed Flycatcher
Rusty-margined Flycatcher
Social Flycatcher
Three-striped Flycatcher
Streaked Flycatcher
Piratic Flycatcher
Variegated Flycatcher
White-throated Kingbird
Tropical Kingbird
Fork-tailed Flycatcher
SHARPBILL
Sharpbill
COTINGAS
Hooded Berryeater (E)
Bare-throated Bellbird (VU)
Black-and-gold Cotinga (E)
Gray-winged Cotinga (E-VU)
Cinnamon-vented Piha (E)
Red-ruffed Fruitcrow
Swallow-tailed Cotinga
MANAKINS
Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin
Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin
Pin-tailed Manakin
White-bearded Manakin
Helmeted Manakin
Swallow-tailed (Blue) Manakin
Wing-barred Piprites
Tropical Birding
Myiophobus fasciatus flammiceps
Lathrotriccus euleri
Contopus cinereus cinereus
Cnemotriccus fuscatus
Knipolegus cyanirostris
Knipolegus lophotes
Knipolegus nigerrimus
Satrapa icterophrys
Xolmis cinereus
Xolmis velatus
Gubernetes yetapa
Muscipipra vetula
Fluvicola nengeta nengeta
Arundinicola leucocephala
Alectrurus tricolor
Colonia colonus
Machetornis rixosa
Ramphotrigon megacephalum
Attila rufus
Sirystes sibilator sibilator
Rhytipterna simplex
Myiarchus swainsoni
Myiarchus ferox
Myiarchus tyrannulus
Pitangus sulphuratus
Megarynchus pitangua
Myiozetetes cayanensis
Myiozetetes similis
Conopias trivirgatus
Myiodynastes maculatus
Legatus leucophaius
Empidonomus varius
Tyrannus albogularis
Tyrannus melancholicus
Tyrannus savana
OXYRUNCIDAE
Oxyruncus cristatus
COTINGIDAE
Carpornis cucullata
Procnias nudicollis
Tijuca atra
Tijuca condita
Lipaugus lanioides
Pyroderus scutatus
Phibalura flavirostris flavirostris
PIPRIDAE
Neopelma pallescens
Neopelma chrysolophum
Ilicura militaris
Manacus manacus
Antilophia galeata
Chiroxiphia caudata
Piprites chloris
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15
Black-capped Piprites
TITYRAS AND ALLIES
Black-tailed Tityra
Black-crowned Tityra
Greenish Schiffornis
Buff-throated Purpletuft (E)
Shrike-like Cotinga (VU)
Green-backed Becard
Chestnut-crowned Becard
White-winged Becard
Black-capped Becard
Crested Becard
VIREOS
Red-eyed Vireo
Rufous-crowned Greenlet
Gray-eyed Greenlet (E)
Lemon-chested Greenlet
Rufous-browed Peppershrike
CROWS, JAYS, AND MAGPIES
Curl-crested Jay
SWALLOWS
Blue-and-white Swallow
Tawny-headed Swallow
White-thighed Swallow
Southern Rough-winged Swallow
Gray-breasted Martin
Brown-chested Martin
White-winged Swallow
White-rumped Swallow
Bank Swallow
Barn Swallow
WRENS
Long-billed Wren (E)
House Wren
Sedge Wren
DONACOBIUS
Black-capped Donacobius
GNATCATCHERS
Long-billed Gnatwren
THRUSHES AND ALLIES
Yellow-legged Thrush
Pale-breasted Thrush
Rufous-bellied Thrush
Creamy-bellied Thrush
White-necked Thrush
MOCKINGBIRDS
Chalk-browed Mockingbird
PIPITS
Yellowish Pipit
Ochre-breasted Pipit (VU)
Hellmayr's Pipit
NEW WORLD WARBLERS
Tropical Parula
Tropical Birding
Piprites pileata
TITYRIDAE
Tityra cayana
Tityra inquisitor
Schiffornis virescens
Iodopleura pipra
Laniisoma elegans elegans
Pachyramphus viridis viridis
Pachyramphus castaneus
Pachyramphus polychopterus
Pachyramphus marginatus
Pachyramphus validus
VIREONIDAE
Vireo olivaceus diversus
Hylophilus poicilotis
Hylophilus amaurocephalus
Hylophilus thoracicus thoracicus
Cyclarhis gujanensis
CORVIDAE
Cyanocorax cristatellus
HIRUNDINIDAE
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
Alopochelidon fucata
Atticora tibialis
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
Progne chalybea
Progne tapera
Tachycineta albiventer
Tachycineta leucorrhoa
Riparia riparia
Hirundo rustica
TROGLODYTIDAE
Thryothorus longirostris
Troglodytes aedon
Cistothorus platensis polyglottus
DONACOBIIDAE
Donacobius atricapilla
POLIOPTILIDAE
Ramphocaenus melanurus
TURDIDAE
Turdus flavipes
Turdus leucomelas
Turdus rufiventris
Turdus amaurochalinus
Turdus albicollis
MIMIDAE
Mimus saturninus
MOTACILLIDAE
Anthus lutescens lutescens
Anthus nattereri
Anthus hellmayri
PARULIDAE
Parula pitiayumi
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Masked Yellowthroat
Golden-crowned Warbler
White-bellied Warbler
Flavescent Warbler
White-browed (White-rimmed) Warbler
Riverbank (Neotropical River) Warbler
BANANAQUIT
Bananaquit
TANAGERS AND ALLIES
Cinnamon Tanager
Magpie Tanager
White-banded Tanager
Hooded Tanager
Olive-green Tanager (E)
Orange-headed Tanager
Chestnut-headed Tanager
White-rumped Tanager
Black-goggled Tanager
Chestnut-vented Conebill
Rufous-headed Tanager
Yellow-backed Tanager
Flame-crested Tanager
Ruby-crowned Tanager
Brazilian Tanager (E)
Sayaca Tanager
Azure-shouldered Tanager (E)
Golden-chevroned Tanager (E)
Palm Tanager
Diademed Tanager
Fawn-breasted Tanager
Green-headed Tanager
Red-necked Tanager
Brassy-breasted Tanager (E)
Gilt-edged Tanager (E)
Burnished-buff Tanager
Black-legged Dacnis (E)
Blue Dacnis
Green Honeycreeper
Swallow-Tanager
Black-throated Saltator
Green-winged Saltator
Thick-billed Saltator
Buff-throated Saltator
Black-throated Grosbeak
EMBERIZID FINCHES
(Yellow-billed) Blue Finch
Bay-chested Warbling-Finch (E)
Buff-throated (Red-rumped) Warbling-Finch (E)
Cinereous Warbling-Finch (E-VU)
Blue-black Grassquit
Buffy-fronted Seedeater (VU)
Temminck's Seedeater (VU)
Plumbeous Seedeater
Tropical Birding
Geothlypis aequinoctialis velata
Basileuterus culicivorus
Basileuterus hypoleucus
Basileuterus flaveolus
Basileuterus leucoblepharus
Phaeothlypis rivularis
COEREBIDAE
Coereba flaveola
THRAUPIDAE
Schistochlamys ruficapillus
Cissopis leverianus
Neothraupis fasciata
Nemosia pileata
Orthogonys chloricterus
Thlypopsis sordida
Pyrrhocoma ruficeps
Cypsnagra hirundinacea
Trichothraupis melanops
Conirostrum speciosum
Hemithraupis ruficapilla
Hemithraupis flavicollis
Tachyphonus cristatus
Tachyphonus coronatus
Ramphocelus bresilius
Thraupis sayaca
Thraupis cyanoptera
Thraupis ornata
Thraupis palmarum
Stephanophorus diadematus
Pipraeidea melanonota
Tangara seledon
Tangara cyanocephala
Tangara desmaresti
Tangara cyanoventris
Tangara cayana
Dacnis nigripes
Dacnis cayana
Chlorophanes spiza
Tersina viridis
Saltator atricollis
Saltator similis
Saltator maxillosus
Saltator maximus
Saltator fuliginosus
EMBERIZIDAE
Porphyrospiza caerulescens
Poospiza thoracica
Poospiza lateralis
Poospiza cinerea
Volatinia jacarina
Sporophila frontalis
Sporophila falcirostris
Sporophila plumbea
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17
Yellow-bellied Seedeater
Dubois's Seedeater (E)
Double-collared Seedeater
White-bellied Seedeater
Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch
Uniform Finch
Saffron Finch
Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch
Great Pampa-Finch
Pale-throated Pampa-Finch (E)
Black-masked Finch (VU)
Pileated Finch
Half-collared Sparrow (E)
Saffron-billed Sparrow
Grassland Sparrow
Rufous-collared Sparrow
GROSBEAKS AND ALLIES
Red-crowned Ant-Tanager
AMERICAN ORIOLES & BLACKBIRDS
White-browed Blackbird
Chopi Blackbird
Chestnut-capped Blackbird
Yellow-rumped Marshbird
Shiny Cowbird
Red-rumped Cacique
Golden-winged Cacique
Crested Oropendola
SISKINS, EUPHONIAS, AND ALLIES
Purple-throated Euphonia
Violaceous Euphonia
H Green-throated (-chinned) Euphonia
Golden-rumped Euphonia
Orange-bellied Euphonia
Chestnut-bellied Euphonia
Blue-naped Chlorophonia
Hooded Siskin
OLD WORLD SPARROWS
House Sparrow (I)
WAXBILLS
Common Waxbill (I)
Tropical Birding
Sporophila nigricollis
Sporophila ardesiaca
Sporophila caerulescens
Sporophila leucoptera
Oryzoborus angolensis
Haplospiza unicolor
Sicalis flaveola
Emberizoides herbicola
Embernagra platensis
Embernagra longicauda
Coryphaspiza melanotis
Coryphospingus pileatus
Arremon semitorquatus
Arremon flavirostris
Ammodramus humeralis
Zonotrichia capensis
CARDINALIDAE
Habia rubica
ICTERIDAE
Sturnella superciliaris
Gnorimopsar chopi
Chrysomus ruficapillus
Pseudoleistes guirahuro
Molothrus bonariensis
Cacicus haemorrhous
Cacicus chrysopterus
Psarocolius decumanus
FRINGILLIDAE
Euphonia chlorotica
Euphonia violacea
Euphonia chalybea
Euphonia cyanocephala
Euphonia xanthogaster
Euphonia pectoralis
Chlorophonia cyanea
Spinus magellanicus
PASSERIDAE
Passer domesticus
ESTRILDIDAE
Estrilda astrild
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