Atendendo necessidades de percepção na interação Tutor

Transcrição

Atendendo necessidades de percepção na interação Tutor
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Catalogação na fonte
Bibliotecária Gláucia Cândida da Silva, CRB4-1662
L961d
Luna, Fábio Caprica de.
Design da informação e de interfaces: Atendendo necessidade de
percepção na interação Tutor-Aprendiz em plataformas de gestão da
aprendizagem / Fábio Caprica de Luna. – Recife: O autor, 2011.
136 p. : il.
Orientador: Hans da Nóbrega Waechter.
Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,
CAC. Design, 2011.
Inclui bibliografia e anexo.
1. Design. 2. Ensino à distância. 3. Percepção. I. Waechter, Hans da
Nobrega (Orientador). II. Titulo.
745.2 CDD (22.ed.)
UFPE (CAC2012-02)
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO
PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM DESIGN
PARECER DA COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA
DE DEFESA DE DISSERTAÇÃO DE
MESTRADO ACADÊMICO DE
FÁBIO CAPARICA DE LUNA
“Design da Informação e de Interfaces:Atendendo necessidades de
percepção na interação Tutor-Aprendiz em plataformas de gestão da
aprendizagem”
ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO: DESIGN E ERGONOMIA
A comissão examinadora, composta pelos professores abaixo, sob a presidência do primeiro,
considera o candidato FÁBIO CAPARICA DE LUNA _ APROVADO_.
Recife, 16 dezembro de 2011.
Profº. Hans da Nóbrega Waechter (UFPE)
Profº. Walter Franklin Marques Correia (UFPE)
Profº. José Luis Simões (UFPE)
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1
Projeto Amadeus - http://amadeus.cin.ufpe.br/
2
Ciências Cognitivas e Tecnologias Educacionais: http://cin.ufpe.br/~ccte/
3
CIn – Centro de Informática – UFPE: http://cin.ufpe.br/
4
Blended Learning - é o termo utilizado quando no processo de aprendizagem
integram-se diversos estilos de interação, misturando ("blend") recursos e
enriquecendo a experiência educacional.
13
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5
Comunicação Síncrona, neste contexto, diz respeito à necessidade de agendar
horários fixos para acompanhar as transmissões de rádio e TV.
16
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6
*
Mural de Recados, Listas de discussão por e-mail, são alguns exemplos de
ferramentas de Interação Assíncrona utilizadas nesta fase.
7
A World Wide Web (comumente referida como "A Web") é o grande conjunto
de documentos e sistemas interligados através de links de hipertexto e que
podem ser acessados através da internet.
8
Tutor, no jargão do ensino a distancia, é o educador que acompanha, orienta e
avalia o aprendiz no contexto da utilização de LMS.
17
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9
*
LMS – Um LMS é um acrônimo para Learning Menagement System que, em
português, significa: Sistemas de Gestão de Aprendizagem.
18
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12
groupware é definido por Ellis et al. (1991, p.40) como sendo “um sistema
baseado em computador para dar suporte a grupos de pessoas engajadas numa
tarefa (ou objetivo) comum e que provê uma interface para um ambiente
compartilhado”.
42
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13
Awareness, é um termo em inglês que se refere à capacidade de sentir, de
perceber, ou de ter consciência de eventos, objetos ou padrões.
14
Chat, em português, significa "conversação", ou "bate-papo".
43
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16
MSN Messenger - é um programa de mensagens instantâneas que permite que
um usuário se relacione -
em tempo real - com outro que tenha o mesmo
programa, podendo ter uma lista de contatos e acompanhar quando eles entram
e saem da rede.
17
Google Talk (ou Gtalk ou GTalk) é um serviço de mensagens instantâneas e de
Voz sobre IP (VoIP) desenvolvido pelo Google.
18
Skype é um software que permite comunicação pela Internet através de chat
textual e conexões de Voz sobre IP (VoIP).
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20
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23
MOODLE é um software livre de apoio à aprendizagem.
24
TelEduc é um ambiente para criação, participação e administração de cursos
na Web.
25
SENASP é uma escola virtual destinada aos profissionais da segurança pública
no Brasil.
26
Distância transacional refere-se ao conjunto de fatores que podem contribuir
para a distância relacional entre o Aprendiz e o Tutor.
71
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27
SMS –Serviço de Mensagens Curtas, do inglês: Short Message Service
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SDS / PE – Departamento de Capacitação da Secretaria de Defesa Social.
29
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Comerciário
30
CEFET / PE – Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Pernambuco.
31
Grounded Theory (ou Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados) é uma metodologia de
pesquisa qualitativa das ciências sociais que dá ênfase a construção de teorias a
partir dos dados coletados durante a condução de uma pesquisa.
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35
Paper
Prototyping
é
um
tipo
de
teste
usabilidade
onde
usuários
representativos executam tarefas, interagindo com uma versão construída em
papel da interface que se deseja testar.
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Amadeus - http://amadeus.cin.ufpe.br/
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AJAX - Acrônimo para Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
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42
Middleware ou mediador, no campo de computação distribuída, é um software
que faz a mediação entre outros softwares distintos. É utilizado para mover
informações entre programas ocultando do programador diferenças de protocolos
de comunicação, plataformas e dependências do sistema operacional. Um
middleware é uma camada de abstração. No contexto do Amadeus, esta camada
possibilita que certos detalhes sejam abstraídos, permitindo assim uma maior
portabilidade ao sistema, bem como uma diminuição significativa dos esforços de
desenvolvimento necessários à comunicação entre os módulos integrantes do
sistema.
121
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43
Mobile é um termo genérico que descreve a capacidade de utilizar a
tecnologia, enquanto em se está em movimento, diferenciando-se do conceito de
computadores portáteis, que são apenas para uso prático enquanto estando numa
configuração estacionária.
122
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44
O Projeto Amadeus, além de contar com as contribuições dos trabalhos
produzidos dentro do grupo de pesquisa CCTE, o LMS atualmente faz parte do
Portal do Software público [http://www.softwarepublico.gov.br], onde está
disponibilizado para a sociedade, e onde também pode contar com a colaboração
e com as contribuições da sociedade.
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