trabalho completo - 52ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
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trabalho completo - 52ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015 Avaliação de dietas na reprodução de calopsitas criadas em cativeiro1 Vanessa Daniela Lázara de Assis2, Carlos Eduardo do Prado Saad3, Eliane Sayuri Miyagi4, Alessandra Gimenez Mascarenhas5,Thatijanne Santos Gonzaga de Carvalho6, Lorrayne Thais Sales7, Cristielle Fernandes Rodrigues8 1 Parte da tese de doutorado do primeiro autor Doutoranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Animal – UFG, Goiânia, Brasil, Bolsista da CAPES. e-mail: [email protected] 3 Professor adjunto no departamento de Zootecnia da UFLA, BRA 4 Professora adjunta no departamento de Produção Animal da UFG, BRA 5 Professora adjunta no departamento de Produção Animal da UFG, BRA 6 Doutoranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Produção de Não Ruminantes - UFLA, BRA. Bolsista do CNPq. 7 Graduanda em Zootecnia – UFLA, BRA 8 Graduanda em Zootecnia – UFLA, BRA 2 Resumo: Objetivou-se com essa pesquisa realizar um estudo investigatório com o intuito de avaliar os parâmetros reprodutivos de calopsitas criadas em cativeiro frente a duas dietas: comercial e formulada. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos e duas repetições. Em relação à postura dos ovos viáveis, verificouse que não houve diferença significativa (P=0,613) entre os tratamentos. O consumo de ração na fase de pré-postura sofreu efeito (P= 0,015) em relação aos tratamentos. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo permitem concluir que as duas rações testadas não influenciaram na viabilidade dos ovos. As aves apresentaram maior consumo na fase pré-postura, o que pode ter sido influenciado pelo seu comportamento reprodutivo. Diante dos resultados encontrados nesse estudo investigatório pode-se perceber a grande necessidade de mais estudos sobre a espécie em estudo. Palavras–chave: alimentação, ovos, nutrição, psitacideos Diets assessment on the reproduction of cockatiels bred in captivity Abstract: The objective of this research hold an investigative study in order to assess the reproductive parameters cockatiels bred in captivity front of two diets: commercial and formulated. The design was completely randomized with two treatments and two replications. Regarding the posture of the viable eggs it was found that there was no significant difference (P=0.613) between treatments. Feed intake in the pre-laying phase was affected (P=0.015) compared to treatment. The results found in this study support the conclusion that the two diets studied did not influence the viability of the eggs. The birds had higher consumption in the pre-laying phase, which may have been influenced by their reproductive behavior. Given the results found in this investigative study we can realize the great need for more studies on the species under study. Keywords: food, eggs, nutrition, parrots Introduction Parrots in general are regarded as grain-eating birds, although some studies show great diversity in their eating habits. In captivity, many breeding facility still use the seed mix as the sole source of food for the birds, which can cause nutritional problems due to lack of vitamin and mineral mixtures and habit that these birds have in selecting the most palatable seeds. To minimize this selectivity and nutritional imbalance, they use industrial feed. One of the obstacles in feed formulation for parrots, is still the small number of studies on the nutrition of these birds, being the lack of knowledge about the nutritional requirements what generates numerous nutritional diseases such as obesity, behavioral problems, reproductive problems such as delayed puberty, or absence of reproducing in some cases, among others. The objective of this research hold an investigative study in order to assess the breeding cockatiels bred in captivity in front of two diets, commercial and formulated. Material e Methods The experiment was conducted in partnership with the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), in the country of Lavras- MG, in the period from November to January 2015. They used ten couples of cockatiels aged approximately two years, each couple being housed in a separate cage for breeding. The reproductive traits evaluated were: posture, egg weight, incubation period, hatching, egg size and thickness of the shell eggs after ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Página - 1 - de 3 52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015 hatching. During the period of laying eggs the produced eggs were identified in the organization of laying, counted, measured and weighed 48 to 48 hours and the candling at the 10th day of laying. The diets were weighed at the beginning and end of each week, for calculating the consumption accounting the leftovers and waste. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were composed of two diets, one commercial and the other made (Table 1) to meet the nutritional requirements of the birds. The treatment means were compared using analysis of variance, performed using the GLM procedure of SAS (Statistical Analysis System, Cary, NC, USA), adopting 10% as the critical level of probability for the occurrence of Type I Error. Table 1 Percent composition the formulated feed Ingredientes % Corn grain 30.000 Pre-cooked corn 24.600 Sunflower shelled 15.000 Wheat bran 9.000 Full fat extruded soybean 7.000 Soybean Meal 45% 5.000 Brewer's yeast 3.000 Dicalcium phosphate 1.600 Calcareous 1.500 Soy oil 1.200 Salt 0.700 Sugar 0.500 DL-methionine 0.450 L-lysine HCl 0.100 Mineral and vitamin supplement 0.200 Inert 1 0.150 1 kaolin Results and Discussion In table 2 are showed the status data of the eggs, the proportion of eggs, egg quality and feed intake. Analyzing the data in relation to laying eggs, it was found that there was no significant difference (P=0.613) between treatments. Feed intake in the pre-laying phase was affected (P=0.015) compared to treatments. Tabela 2 Viability of eggs and consumption (g) of feed per couple of cockatiels Variable ESM1 Treatment Commercial Formulated Pvalue Status of eggs ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Página - 2 - de 3 52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015 Viable, n/couple2 2.80 3.20 0.54 0.613 Not Viable, n/couple 1.60 1.00 0.36 0.273 Viable, % 61.60 74.60 10.73 0.416 Not viable, % 38.40 25.40 10.73 0.416 Not embryonated, n / couple 0.20 0.00 0.14 0.346 Embryonic death, n / couple 1.20 0.80 0.30 0.373 Broken, n / couple 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.000 Pre-posture 136.82 99.60 8.53 0.015 Pos-position 101.54 107.57 2.70 0.153 Proportion of eggs Quality of eggs Consumption (g) Cockatiels in the reproductive phase perform posture along with the hatching of the eggs, and during this phase both the male and female remain inside the nest to incubate the eggs. Reducing consumption in the postposition phase, may be due to the fact that cockatiels stay longer in the nest reducing their power. Published scientific data on nutrition and breeding cockatiels are still scarce in Brazil, which means that discussions are compared to other species. Nunes et al, 2006, evaluating the effect of different levels of calcium in the diet of laying in the pre and post-posture, found no significant difference in consumption of the birds. Neto et al, 1995, assessed the nutritional requirements of pheasant in the reproductive phase in relation to the levels of protein and methionine + cystine, observed that there was no significant difference related of the treatments. Saad et al, 2007, in studies conducted with parrots-true (Amazona aestiva) found data consumption (average of 22.04 g with a minimum of a maximum of 16.93 g 26.80 g) and quote that the values are higher than the values found by Carciofi (1996) for true parrots (minimum of 12.40 and maximum of 19,1g per bird day). Conclusions The results found in this study support the conclusion that the two diets studied did not influence the viability of the eggs, which can be suggested an economic analysis to assess the economic viability of the two diets. The birds had higher consumption in the pre-laying phase, which may have been influenced by their reproductive behavior. Given the results found in this investigative study in relation to nutrition and reproduction of cockatiels can realize the great need for more studies on the species under study. Because of that, many results cannot be stated due to lack of studies correlated with objective of this research. References Neto MG, Junqueira OM, Malheiros EB. 1995. Exigências nutricionais de faisões na fase de reprodução - 1. Parâmetros produtivos. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira; 6:737-744. Nunes, R. V.; Pozza, P. C.; Scherer, C.; Campestrini, E.; Rocha, L. D.; Nunes, C. G. V.; Costa, F. G. P. 2006. Efeito dos teores de cálcio para poedeiras semipesadas durante a fase de pré-postura e no início da postura. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. ISSN 1806-9290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982006000700018 (on line). Saad, C. E. P.; Ferreira, W. M.; Borges, F. M. O.; Lara, L. B. 2007. Avaliação do gasto e Consumo voluntário de rações balanceadas e semente de girassol para papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva). Ciência e Agrotecnologia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542007000400034 [online]. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Página - 3 - de 3
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