trabalho completo - 52ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de

52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Desempenho de frangos de corte no período de um a 21 dias de idade suplementados ou não
com alcalóides da benzofenantridina e protopina na água de bebida, desafiados ou não por
Salmonella Heidelberg
1
Taniara Suelen Mezalira , Patrícia Franco Gonçalves Previato do Amaral 2, Luciana Kazue Otutumi3, Edna
Tereza de Lima4, Sharon Karla Lüders Meza5, Rafael Júnior Costa6, André Luiz Sinhorin6
Acadêmica de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Paranaense – UNIPAR, Bolsista PEBIC, Umuarama, Paraná, Brasil.
Mestre em Ciência Animal, Bolsista PROSUP, Umuarama, Paraná, Brasil.
Professora do curso de Medicina Veterinária e do Mestrado em Ciência Animal da Universidade Paranaense – UNIPAR, Umuarama, Paraná,
Brasil.
4
Professorado curso de Medicina Veterinária e do Mestrado em Ciência Animal – UFPR – Setor Palotina, Palotina, Paraná, Brasil.
5
Mestre em Nutrição Animal pela Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná- UNIOESTE, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brasil.
6
Acadêmico do curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Paranaense – UNIPAR, Umuarama, Paraná, Brasil.
1
2
3
Resumo: A Salmonella spp. é uma das principais bactérias de interesse na avicultura. Novos sorotipos como a
Salmonella Heidelberg vêm aumentando os índices de isolamento. Atendendo a necessidade do mercado, os
antibióticos vêm sendo substituídos por produtos alternativos, dentre eles, os extratos de planta. Os alcalóides da
benzofenantridina e protopina (ABP) extraídos da planta Macleaya cordata tem apresentado efeitos positivos em
relação ao controle bacteriano e desempenho zootécnico dos animais. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o
desempenho de frangos de corte recebendo água de bebida suplementada ou não com ABP, desafiados ou não por
Salmonella Heidelberg. Para avaliação do desempenho, as aves, a ração fornecida e as sobras foram pesadas
semanalmente calculando-se a ração consumida, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e o índice de eficiência
produtiva. Não foram encontradas diferenças no ganho de peso, consumo médio de ração e conversão alimentar no
período de um a 21 dias de idade e peso médio aos 21 dias de idade. Contudo, houve um maior índice de eficiência
produtiva (IEP) no grupo de aves que receberam os ABP na água de bebida no período de um a 21 dias de idade
não desafiados por Salmonella Heidelberg quando comparado ao grupo controle negativo. Com base nos resultados
do IEP, conclui-se que os ABP apresentaram efeito positivo no desempenho de frangos de corte aos 21 dias de
idade.
Palavras-chave:Aves, Índice de Eficiência Produtiva, Salmonella spp., Sanguinarina
Broiler performance within one to 21 days of age supplemented or not with benzophenanthridine alkaloids
and protopin in drinking water, challenged or not with Salmonella Heidelberg
Abstract:Salmonella spp. is a major interest of bacteria in poultry. New serotypes as Salmonella Heidelberg have
increased the isolation taxes. Given the market need, antibiotics has been replaced by alternative products, among
them, the plant extracts. The benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine (BAP) extracted from Macleaya cordata
plant has shown positive effects on the bacterial control and growth performance of animals. The objective was to
evaluate the performance of broilers receiving drinking water supplemented or not with BAP, challenged or not
with Salmonella Heidelberg. For performance evaluation, the birds, the feed offered and the leftovers were weighed
weekly calculating the consumed food, weight gain, feed conversion and productive efficiency index. There were
no differences in weight gain, average feed intake and feed conversion within one to 21 days of age and average
weight at 21 days of age. However, there was a greater productive efficiency ratio in the group of birds that
received BAP in drinking water within one to 21 days of age not challenged by S. Heidelberg when compared to the
negative control group. Based on the IEP results, it is concluded that BAP had a positive effect on the performance
of broilers at 21 days of age.
Keywords: Poultry, Productive Efficiency Ratio, Salmonella spp., Sanguinarine
1
Endereço para correspondência: Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282 - Zona III, CEP. 87502-210, Umuarama, Paraná, Brasil. E-mail:
[email protected]
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Introduction
With the increasing demand for animal protein, poultry farming has intensified, being subjected to extreme
conditions creation, thus raising pressure accordingly infection and the onset of opportunistic diseases.
The main pathogenic bacteria of interest to the poultry industry, there is the genus Salmonella, which
presents risk to public health food safety commitment function. New serotypes as Salmonella Heidelberg is
increasing significantly its isolation index in different regions of Brazil (LANZARIN, 2012). Because of concern
for public health and food security of the population, the use of antimicrobials for the control of these diseases is
being replaced by alternative products such as prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids, plant extracts, among others.
Among the plant extracts, the active ingredients (benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine) extracted from the
plant Macleaya cordata have antimicrobial effects, anti-inflammatory, local anesthetics, adrenolytics and
sympatholytics (OLIVEIRA, 2012). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of broiler
chickens receiving or not the benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine (Sangrovit® WS) provided in the
drinking water during the 21-day period, and challenged or not Salmonella Heidelberg to six days of age.
Material and Methods
The experiment was carried in experimental animal facilities of the Federal University of Parana, Sector
Palotina - PR, during the period of three to 24 July 2014, after approval by the Ethics in Research Involving Animal
Experiments Committee (CEPEEA) at the University Paranaense under protocol number 25231/2014.
Were used 240 male chicks a day-old Cobb 500 assigned to four treatments with four replicates of 15 birds
each, challenged or not orally with a milliliter of solution consisting of Salmonella Heidelberg in the concentration
of 105 CFU/mL to six days old, as follows: T 1 - negative control group with drinking water free of BAP and not
challenged; T2 - positive control group with drinking water free of BAP, challenged; T3 - test positive group, added
to the drinking water of ABP within one to 21 days, challenged; T 4 - Negative test group with added drinking water
of ABP within one to 21 days, unchallenged.
The product used in this study was WS Sangrovit® a phytogenic food additive consisting of
benzophenanthridine alkaloids (sanguinarine and quelaritrina) and protopine (protopine and allocriptopina) derived
from Macleaya cordata plant extract at a concentration of 1.65%.
Broiler chickens were kept from the first to 21 days of age in cages with wood shavings litter autoclaved,
with supply of water and food ad libitum, being fed starter feed containing salinomycin at a dose of 66 ppm without
the presence of enhancers performance.
To evaluate the growth performance, the birds, the feed provided and the leftovers were weighed weekly for
calculation of consumed food, weight gain, feed conversion, productive efficiency index. The birds that died during
the experiment were too heavy for correction of weight gain and feed conversion. The results were submitted to
analysis of variance (ANOVA) and when statistically different were submitted to Tukey test. For the tests was 5%
significance level.
Results and Discussion
There were no significant differences between treatments (p> 0.05) in relation to weight gain, average feed
intake and feed conversion within one to 21 days of age and average weight of broilers at 21 days of age. However,
there was a greater productive efficiency index in the group of birds that received the BAP in drinking water within
one to 21 days of age not challenged by S. Heidelberg (T 4) compared to negative control group (T1) (Table 1 ).
The literature presents different results, where Santiago et al. (2014) evaluated the effects of BAP
supplementation at a dose of 50 ppm of the product feed chicks challenged and unchallenged with 0.5 mL of
Salmonella Typhimurium (108 CFU/mL) observed higher daily weight gain in the treated groups (independent the
challenge) and the negative control group compared to the positive control. However, feed conversion did not differ
between treatment groups, but was lower than in the negative and positive control groups. Moreover, Zdunczyk et
al. (2010) evaluating the 30 ppm dosage of the product containing BAP in feed, in the absence of challenge, no
differences (P> 0.05) weight gain of one to 21 days, as well as feed conversion in birds in the period one to 35 days
of age, confirming the results of this study.
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Table 1 - Means ± standard error of weight gain (kg), average feed intake (kg), feed conversion (kg/kg) and
productive efficiency index (points) within one to 21 days (d) old and average weight (kg) at 21 days of age of
broiler chickens receiving or not benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine (BPA) in water drink, challenged or
not with Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) at six days old.
Productive
Weight gain
Average
Average feed
Feed conversion
Treatments
efficiency index
(Kg)
weight (Kg)
intake (Kg)
(Kg/Kg)
(points)
T1–Negative
0,743 ± 0,012 0,779 ± 0,012
1,020 ± 0,014
1,376 ± 0,023
260,75b ± 4,768
Control
T2–Positive
0,753 ± 0,003 0,789 ± 0,003
1,048 ± 0,012
1,392 ± 0,018
265,25ab ± 3,198
Control
T3 - ABP 1-21d,
0,733 ± 0,022 0,769 ± 0,022
0,999 ± 0,029
1,363 ± 0,006
268,75ab ± 8,673
SH
T4 - ABP 1-21d
0,785 ± 0,011 0,823 ± 0,011
1,063 ± 0,013
1,355 ± 0,008
289,00a ± 5,083
P Value
0,096*
0,093*
0,119*
0,378*
0,022
*
No significant by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Means followed by different letters in the column are statistically different by the Tukey test.
According Muniz (2014) the paratyphoid salmonella, which is part of the S. Heidelberg, do not influence
significantly the growth performance in terms of adaptation and balance in living with the poultry.
Dršata et al. (1996) emphasize that even BAP increases the availability of amino acids by blocking the
activity of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes present in the intestinal lumen, thereby improving retention
of the protein, resulting in better performance, which could justify a higher productive efficiency index in the group
of birds that received BAP in drinking water within one to 21 days of age not challenged by S. Heidelberg (T 4)
compared to negative group (T1).
Conclusions
The conditions in which the experiment was carried no significant difference were observed in the
performance of broilers chickens within one to 21 days of age between the groups supplemented and not
supplemented with BAP in drinking water, challenged or not by Salmonella Heidelberg. However, the group of
birds that received the BAP in drinking water within one to 21 days of age not challenged by Salmonella
Heidelberg showed higher productive efficiency index when compared to the negative group, demonstrating
positive effect of drinking water supplementation with BAP.
Acknowledgements
At DEGPP (Executive Director of the Research Management and the Graduate) of Paranense University
by financial support and granting of PEBIC bag, and CAPES for granting the PROSUP bag.
References
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Muniz, E. C. 2014. Salmonelas paratíficas em aves: avaliação da resposta imunológica e controle por meio de
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