erovnuli moxseneba garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb 2002 w.

erovnuli moxseneba garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb 2002 w.

saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis
saministro
erovnuli moxseneba
garemos
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
2002 w.
moxseneba Sedgenilia saqarTvelos prezidentis 1999 wlis 25 ivnisis #389
brZanebulebis “garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxsenebis Sedgenis
wesis” safuZvelze.
moxseneba damtkicebulia saqarTvelos prezidentis 2004 wlis 24 maisis
#434 gankargulebiT ”2002 wlis garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli
moxsenebis damtkicebis Taobaze”
dokumenti momzadda garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros
garemos dacvis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis mier.
2
winasityvaoba
winamdebare erovnuli moxseneba garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb SemuSavebulia “garemos dacvis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-14 muxlis me-3
punqtis Sesabamisad da gamomdinareobs saqarTvelos konstituciis, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebisa da SeTanxmebebidan, aseve saqarTvelos prezidentis
1999 wlis 25 ivnisis #389 brZanebulebidan.
erovnuli moxseneba warmoadgens saqarTvelos garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb arsebuli informaciis Semajamebel dokuments, romelSic asaxulia garemos calkeuli komponentebisa da aRniSnul sferoSi moRvaweobis sxvadasxva
dargis mixedviT qveyanaSi arsebuli dRevandeli anu mesame aTaswleulis
dasawyisSi arsebuli mdgomareoba. amasTanave, erovnuli moxseneba Seicavs
zogierT mosazrebasa da winadadebas, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs gadavwvdeT
movlenaTa ganviTarebas XXI saukuneSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Cven jer kidev ver movaxerxeT safuZvlianad gagverkvia
viTareba sasmeli wylisa da atmosferos dabinZurebis problemebSi, biomravalferovnebis Semcirebisa da urbanizaciis sakiTxebSi, rom Cvens winaSe ukve
warmoiSva saTburi gazebiT atmosferos dabinZurebis problema, romelic planetas atmosferos klimatis mniSvnelovani cvlilebiT emuqreba.
tyis masivebi garemos klimatis erT-erT ZiriTad maregulirebel faqtors warmoadgens, romelzec didaTaa damokidebuli saTburi gazebis wrebrunvaSi Cabma. miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, qveyanaSi yovelwliurad ukanonod iCexeba
50 aTasze meti m3 mwvane nargavebi. saqarTvelos mTis tyeebi, kolxeTis dablobis tyeebTan erTad, klimatis maregulirebel unikaluri mravalferovani
florisa da faunis Sesaswavl cocxal laboratorias warmoadgens evraziis
SemaerTebel yelze. samwuxarod, mdidari da unikaluri bunebrivi landSaftebis xelyofa, maTi mouwesrigebeli eqspluatacia saqarTvelos dRevandelobaa,
romelic gansakuTrebul yuradRebasa da dacvas iTxovs, amJamindeli da
momavali Taobebis interesebisaTvis.
saqarTveloSi garemos dacvis politikis globaluri kursis gansazRvris
procesSi sasurvelia, gacnobierdes is mizezebi, romelmac warmoSva
dRevandeli problemebi, rac umeteswilad ukavSirdeba energetikul kriziss.
aRniSnul mdgomareobas ufro metad Zabavs aramdgradi, feTqebadsaSiSi
viTareba qveynis calkeul nawilebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki im regionebSi, sadac
kontroli garemos dacvis sferoSi mniSvnelovnad moikoWlebs. am da sxva
problemur sakiTxebSi mudmivi zedamxedvelobisa da monitoringis ganxorcieleba garkveul sirTuleebTanaa dakavSirebuli, rac uaryofiTad moqmedebs
qveyanaSi garemos dacvis sakiTxebis droulad mogvarebaze.
winamdebare erovnuli moxsenebis Sedgenis mizniT saWiro informaciis
mowodebaSi garkveuli daxmareba iqna gaweuli qveynis TiTqmis yvela uwyebis
mier, ris Sedegadac saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis
saministros garemos dacvis institutis specialistebma moamzades 2002 wlis
erovnuli moxsenebis proeqti.
3
cxadia, warmodgenili erovnuli moxseneba, gamomdinare qveyanaSi arsebuli
situaciiT, ver iqneba dazRveuli sxvadasxva xarisxis xarvezebisa Tu
uzustobebisagan. saministro didi madlierebis grZnobiT miiRebs yvela
SeniSvnasa da winadadebas, romelic xels Seuwyobs da waadgeba Semdgom
gamocemebis srulyofil momzadebas.
n. CxobaZe
saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis ministri
4
sarCevi
Tavi
Tavi
Tavi
Tavi
Tavi
Tavi
Tavi
Tavi
Tavi
1. atmosferuli haeri ...................................................................................................... 6
2. wyali da wylis resursebi..................................................................................... 11
3. miwa da miwis resursebi ........................................................................................... 18
4. wiaRi da wiaRiseuli.................................................................................................. 23
5. mcenareuli safari........................................................................................................ 25
6. cxovelTa samyaro......................................................................................................... 29
7. radiaciuli mdgomareoba........................................................................................... 42
8. garemoze fizikuri zemoqmedebis gansakuTrebuli saxeebi ................... 45
9. wlis meteorologiuri pirobebis Taviseburebebi. bunebrivi
katastrofebi da stiqiuri ubedurebebi..................................................... 48
Tavi 10. garemos ekologiuri faqtorebis SesaZlo gavlena
mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze .............................................................................. 49
Tavi 11. ekologiuri faqtorebis gavlena kulturuli memkvidreobis
SenarCunebaze ................................................................................................................ 53
Tavi 12. daculi teritoriebi................................................................................................ 55
Tavi 13. erovnuli meurneobis garemoze gavlenis Taviseburebebi.................... 57
Tavi 14. qimiuri saSualebebi .................................................................................................. 61
Tavi 15. narCenebi ............................................................................................................................ 64
Tavi 16. teqnogenuri avariebi da katastrofebi......................................................... 66
Tavi 17. saqarTvelos garemosdacviTi kanonmdebloba .............................................. 69
Tavi 18. kontroli garemos dacvis sferoSi ................................................................ 74
Tavi 19. garemosdacviTi politika da saxelmwifo programebi......................... 76
Tavi 20. ekologiuri usafrTxoeba ..................................................................................... 83
Tavi 21. bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis ekonomikuri meqanizmebi............ 84
Tavi 22. garemosdacviTi saqmianobis dafinanseba........................................................ 87
Tavi 23. garemos monitoringis sistema............................................................................ 90
Tavi 24. garemosdacviTi nebarTva ........................................................................................ 92
Tavi 25. saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba da saxelmwifoTaSorisi
ekologiuri problemebi........................................................................................ 93
Tavi 26. samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebi garemosdacviTi problemebis
gadaWrisa da ekologiuri usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis
saqmeSi .............................................................................................................................. 97
Tavi 27. garemosdacviTi ganaTleba da informaciul-saganmanaTleblo
saqmianoba ........................................................................................................................ 101
Tavi 28. garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi........................................... 102
daskvnebi, prognozebi da rekomendaciebi ......................................................................... 104
moxsenebis SedgenaSi monawile subieqtebi da informaciis wyaroebi ............ 109
danarTi ............................................................................................................................................. 112
5
Tavi I
atmosferuli haeri
atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebas ganapirobeben rogorc teqnogenuri, ise
bunebrivi damabinZurebeli wyaroebi.
teqnogenuri dabinZurebis wyaroebidan, kanonmdeblobidan gamomdinare,
saxelmwifo aRricxvas eqvemdebareba mxolod e.w. “stacionaruli wyaroebi”,
romlebic “atmosferuli haeris dacvis kanonis” Tanaxmad, unda akmayofilebdes ZiriTad mavne nivTierebebisaTvis wliuri gafrqvevebis gansazRvrul
odenobas (mtveri – 10 t/w, SO2 – 10 t/w, CO _ 100 t/w, NOx _ 1,5 t/w da
ΣCH _ 30 t/w).
zemoT aRniSnulis garda, bunebaSi arsebobs sxva wyaroebic, romlebic intensiurad moqmedeben atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebaze, romelTa gafrqvevebis Sefaseba aucilebelia, raTa warmodgena viqonioT mavne nivTierebaTa jamur
emisiaze. magaliTisaTvis davasaxeloT saTbobis (SeSis) wva (8,6 mln. t/w)
saojaxo moTxovnilebebisaTvis, romlis drosac atmosferoSi gamoifrqveva
meti mavne nivTiereba, vidre avtotransportidan da samrewvelo seqtoridan.
amitom mavne nivTierebaTa emisiis sruli SefasebisaTvis saWiroa, qveynis
energobalansze dayrdnobiT gaangariSebul iqnas calkeuli dargebis, wyaroebis
mier gafrqveul mavne nivTierebaTa wliuri jamuri raodenobebi. aRniSnuli
balansis ararseboba ar iZleoda Sesabamisi Sefasebis saSualebas. 2001-2002
wlebSi saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamentma TACIS-is
finansuri mxardaWeriT Seadgina qveynis energetikuli balansi, romelic
iZleva gafrqvevebis odenobebis ufro srul Sefasebas.
saqarTveloSi atmosferuli haeri binZurdeba avtotransportidan, energetikuli seqtoridan, samrewvelo obieqtebidan da soflis meurneobis dargebidan. amaTgan ZiriTadi damabinZurebelia avtotransporti. Tu 70-ian wlebSi
avtotransportze modioda dabinZurebis 70%, 2002 wels man miaRwia 86%mde. es gamowveulia imiT, rom izrdeba rogorc transportis, ise moxmarebuli sawvavis raodenoba.
2002 wlisTvis saqarTveloSi aRricxvaze iyo 323614 avtosatransporto
erTeuli, maT Soris 14%-mde satvirTo, 7,5%-mde avtobusi, 0,6%-mde
specialuri manqanebi da 77,9%-mde msubuqi manqanebi.
sul 2002 wels moixmareboda 344000 tona sawvavi; aqedan 25900 t
benzini da 85000 t dizelis sawvavi [5].
avtotransportidan atmosferuli haeri binZurdeba _ azotis oqsidebiT,
meTaniT, aaon-ebiT, naxSirJangiT, gogirdis oqsidiT, WvartliTa da naxSirorJangiT.
cxrilSi 1.1 Setanilia atmosferoSi nivTierebaTa gafrqvevis monacemebi,
rogorc benzinze, ise dizelis sawvavze momuSave avtotransportidan.
6
avtotransportidan 2002 wels atmosferoSi gafrqveuli nivTierebani
cxrili 1.1
avtotransporti
momuSave
benzinze
dizelis sawvavze
sul avtotransportidan
gafrqveul nivTierebaTa raodenoba, aTasi tona weliwadSi
azotis
naxSirgogirdis
naxSirmeTani
aaon-bi
Wvartli
oqsidebi
Jangi
dioqsidi
orJangi
7,511
0,202
11,344
106,190
0,259
_
824,397
1,955
0,026
0,450
1,794
0,510
0,365
266,730
9,466
0,228
11,794
107,984
0,769
0,365
1091,127
SeniSvna: gaangariSebaSi araa CarTuli CO2 -is gafrqvevebi, vinaidan is ar aris mavne
nivTiereba nivTierebis mavneobis klasikuri gagebiT (is miiCneva klimatis
gauaresebis mizezad e.w. saTburis nivTiereba efeqtis SeqmniT).
cxrilidan Cans, rom benzinze momuSave avtotransportidan gacilebiT
meti mavne nivTiereba gamoifrqveva atmosferoSi, vidre dizelze momuSave
avtotransportidan. sul avtotransportidan atmosferoSi gamoiyofa 1221,733
aT. tona mavne nivTierebebi.
rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, atmosferos dabinZurebis ZiriTadi nawili
modis avtotransportze (aqamde arsebuli aRricxvianobidan gamomdinare),
danarCeni ki energetikisa da mrewvelobis seqtorebze.
monacemebi atmosferos dabinZurebis Sesaxeb energetikis seqtoridan
Setanilia cxrili 1.2-Si.
cxrili 1.2-dan Cans, rom atmosferos dabinZurebis didi wili modis
naxSirJangze, aqrolad organul nivTierebebsa da myar nawilakebze, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT naxSirorJangs, rogorc ara mavne nivTierebas. sul atmosferoSi energetikis seqtoridan gamoiyofa 571,249 aT. tona mavne nivTiereba.
cxrili 1.3-Si Setanilia atmosferoSi damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis
gafrqvevebis Sefaseba mrewvelobis seqtoridan calkeul nivTierebaTa wvlilis mixedviT.
cxrili 1.3-dan Cans, rom mrewvelobis seqtoridan yvelaze didi raodenobiT atmosferoSi gaifrqveva mtveri (8,157 aT. t.), Semdeg ki aaonebi (1,6934
aT. t.), xolo mTlianad mrewvelobis seqtoridan atmosferoSi gamoiyofa
10,46 aT. tona mavne nivTiereba.
soflis meurneobis seqtoridan atmosferuli haeri ZiriTadad binZurdeba
fermebidan. gamoyofili mavne nivTierebebis raodenoba gaangariSebulia
xvedriTi gamofrqvevebis maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT [4]. monacemebi Setanilia
cxrili 1.4-Si. sul 2002 wels fermebidan atmosferiSi gamoiyofoda 145,298
aT. tona mavne nivTiereba.
7
atmosferoSi 2002 wels damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebi (aTasi tona/weliwadSi)
energetikis seqtoridan
cxrili 1.2
gafrqveuli
nivTierebebis
dasaxeleba
myari nawilakebi
naxSirJangi
gogirdis orJangi
azotis oqsidebi
aqroladi organuli
naerTebi (naxSirwyalbadebi) aaon-ebi
naxSirorJangi
energobalansis mixedviT energoresursebis wliuri moxmareba da gafrqveuli nivTierebani
navTi,
58 aT. t.
mazuTi,
16 aT. t.
biTumi,
17 aT. t.
0,11
2,79
_
0,151
0,09
0,603
0,095
0,041
_
_
_
_
bunebrivi airi,
438,64 (406,333)
mln. m3
_
0,7981)/3,9713)
_
2,6101)/0,6623)
0,845
0,310
0,292
0,011
Txevadi
airi,
51 aT. t.
_
22,44
_
1,275
_
4,080
4,901
_
0,017
155,5782)
_
1,77
166,346
21,0
100,37
185,6
51,2
_
1689,946
12611,0
377,6
15036,716
qvanaxSiri,
12 aT. t.
145,856
207,088
_
5,366
dizelis
sawvavi,
118 aT. t.
0,354
3,540
0,531
5,074
147,255
241,54
0,918
15,19
SeSa,
8,6 mln. m3
sul
SeniSvna: cxrilSi mocemuli bunebrivi airis wvis Sedegad warmoqmnili gafrqvevebis SefasebaTa maxasiaTeblebis gasaangariSeblad
gamoyenebuli sawyisi informacia warmadgens:
1. eleqtoenergiis warmoebaSi daxarjul odenobebs;
2. gaJonvis danakargebs (bunebrivi airis moculobaSi warmodgenili raodenobrivi maxasiaTebeli gadaangariSebulia kilogramebSi d=0,7 g/m3
simkvrivis maxasiaTeblis gamoyenebiT);
3. sul moxmarebuli bunebrivi airis odenobebs (araenergetikuli miznebisTvis s.s. “azotSi” moxmarebuli raodenobis garda).
8
atmosferoSi 2002 wels damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebi (aTasi tona/weliwadSi)
mrewvelobis seqtorSi calkeuli nivTierebis mixedviT
cxrili 1.3
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
warmoebuli produqcia
ganzomilebis
da misi raodenoba
erTeuli
qvanaxSiri, 6,0
aTasi tona
navTobi, 73,9
aTasi tona
bunebrivi airi, 16,7
milioni m3
navTobis gadamuSaveba, 16,6 aTasi tona
feroSenadnobebi, 34,6
aTasi tona
mineraluri sasuqebi, 83,2
aTasi tona
cementi, 346,8
aTasi tona
kiri, 22,5
aTasi tona
asfalti, 25,1
aTasi tona
daxerxili xe-tye, 51,7
aTasi m3
fqvili, 78,3
aTasi tona
Saqari, 48,0
aTasi tona
Cai, 4,8
aTasi tona
yava, 0,383
aTasi tona
koniaki da arayi, 210,0
aTasi dekalitri
Rvino, 1,9
milioni dekalitri
Sampanuri, 117,7
aTasi dekalitri
puri, 91,6
aTasi tona
ludi, 2,7
milioni dekalitri
gafrqvevaTa jamuri raodenobebi
atmosferoSi gafrqveuli
CO
SO2
mtveri
_
_
_
0,016
0,032 0,0029
_
_
_
_
0,005
0,01
_
_
0,0012
0,100
_
_
4,671
_
_
1,407
_
_
0,565
_
_
0,620
_
_
0,430
_
_
0,283
_
_
0,048
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
0,017
_
_
_
_
_
8,157
0,037
0,0141
nivTierebebi, aTasi tona/weliwadSi
NOx
CH4
CO2
aaon-ebi
_
0,128
_
_
0,0029
_
0,487
_
_
0,022
_
_
0,0015
_
0,132
_
0,405
_
_
58,82
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
173,4
_
_
_
17,663
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
0,0002
_
_
_
0,315
_
_
_
0,0152
_
_
_
0,001
_
_
_
0,733
_
_
_
0,01
_
0,4094 0.150
1,6934 249,883
SeniSvna: cxrilSi mocemuli SefasebaTa maxasiaTeblebis gasaangariSeblad gamoyenebuli sawyisi informaciis
dasaxeleba literaturis CamonaTvalSia warmodgenili.
9
wyaroTa
2002w. soflis meurneobis seqtoridan haeris dabinZureba
mavne nivTierebebiT
cxrili 1.4
atmosferoSi gafrqveuli nivTierebebi,
aTasi tona/weliwadSi
pirutyvis saxeoba
da raodenoba,
aTasi suli
amiaki
gogirdwyalbadi
arameTanuri aqroladi organuli
meTani
naerTebi (aaon-ebi)
msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvi _ 1216,0
23,0
0,383
3,048
115,043
Rori _ 446,1
0,563
0,126
0,215
_
cxvari da Txa _ 699,5
2,206
0,176
0,538
_
25,769
0,685
3,801
115,043
sul
rogorc cxrili 1.4-dan Cans, atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis ZiriTadi
nawili modis msxvilfexa rqosan pirutyvze (97,5%).
2002 wels atmosferoSi gamoifrqveoda mavne nivTierebebis jamuri
raodenoba:
_ avtotransportidan _ 1221,733 aT. tona.
_ energetikis seqtoridan _ 571,249 aT. tona.
_ mrewvelobis seqtoridan _ 10,48 aT. tona.
_ soflis meurneobis seqtoridan _ 145,298 aT. tona.
mTlianad 2002 wels gamoufrqveoda 1948,76 aT. tona.
10
Tavi 2
wyali da wylis resursebi
saqarTvelo zedapiruli wylis resursebiT erT-erTi mdidari qveyanaa
msoflioSi.
saqarTveloSi 26060 mdinarea, romelTa saerTo sigrZe 60 aTas km-s
Seadgens. aqedan Savi zRvis auzs miekuTvneba 18109 mdinare (70%), xolo
kaspiis zRvis auzs _ 7951 mdinare, rac saqarTvelos mdinareTa saerTo
raodenobis 30%-s Seadgens. mdinareebis hidrografiuli qseli araTanabradaa
ganawilebuli saqarTvelos teritoriaze. dasavleT saqarTveloSi mdinareTa
sixSiris saSualo sidide 1,07km/km2-ia, xolo aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi _
0,68km/km2.
saqarTvelos calkeul mdinareTa saSualo wliuri xarji 2002
wlisaTvis mocemulia cxrilSi 2.1, xolo mdinareebis wliuri Camonadenis
dinamika wyalSemkrebi auzebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrilSi 2.2.
cxrili 2.1
saqarTvelos calkeul mdinareTa saSualo
wliuri xarjebi ∗ (m3/wm)
0
mdinareTa
dasaxeleba
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
∗
rioni
yvirila
mtkvari
qsani
iori
alazani
mdinaris SesarTavidan
uaxloesi saguSago
sof. zemo Waladidi
q. zestafoni
q. Tbilisi
sof. korinTa
sof. orxevi
sof. Saqriani
hidrometeorologiis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebi
11
2002 wlis
saSualo wliuri
xarji, m3/wm
580
61.1
218
5.17
13.2
68.0
cxrili 2.2
saqarTvelos mdinareebis wliuri Camonadenis dinamika
wyalSemkrebi auzebis mixedviT ∗
1F
monacemebi mdinareTa auzis
#
∗
mdinareTa
dasaxeleba
mdinaris
SesarTavTan
uaxloesi
hidrologiuri
saguSagos
dasaxeleba
mdinaris SesarTavSi
Sesaxeb
hidrologiuri saguSagos
kveTSi
saSualo
mravalwliuri
Camonadenis
moculoba,
km3
2002 wlis
wliuri
Camonadenis
moculoba,
km3
wyalSemkrebi
auzis
farTobi,
km2
13400
auzis
saSualo
simaRle,
m
1084
wyalSemkrebi
auzis
farTobi,
km2
13300
auzis
saSualo
simaRle,
m
950
14.8
18.3
188000
_
21100
_
6.40
6.88
1
rioni
sof. Waladidi
2
mtkvari
q.Tbilisi
3
iori
sof.
orxevi
4650
_
587
1580
0.378
0.42
4
alazani
sof. Saqriani
11800
_
2190
1260
1.37
2.14
hidrometeorologiis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebi
12
rogorc cxrilidan 2 Cans, dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisa da samxreTidan
aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT klimatis kontinenturobis zrdasTan erTad,
matulobs mdinareTa Tovlis wylebiT sazrdoobis wili. amadsTan erTad,
mcirdeba wvimis wylebis wili mdinareebis sazrdoebSi da izrdeba gazafxulis
Camonadeni.
saqarTvelos wylis resursebi farTod gamoiyeneba qveynis mosaxleobis
sasmel-sameurneo da kulturul-sayofacxovrebo miznebisaTvis, agreTve mrewvelobasa da energetikaSi.
2002 wels wylis obieqtebidan aRebulia 32058,810 mln. m3 wyali. maT
Soris miwisqveSa wylis obieqtebidan 546,615 mln. m3, sul gamoyenebulia
30869,080 mln. m3, aqedan sasmel-sameurneo miznebisaTvis gamoyenebulia
379,236 mln. m3, sawarmoo saWiroebisaTvis 253,269 mln. m3, sarwyavad 118,896
mln. m3, sasoflo-sameurneo wyalmomaragebisaTvis 12,271 mln. m3, eleqtroenergetikaSi _ 29960,8 mln. m3, sxva saWiroebisaTvis _ 144,608 mln. m3.
Sromis, janmrTelobisaa da socialuri dacvis saministros monacemebiT
2002 wels qveynis masStabiT centralizebuli wyalmomaragebis sistemidan
aRebuli 46003 wylis sinjidan sanitariul-qimiuri da sanitariul-baqteriologiuri maCveneblebiT normatiul moTxovnebs ar akmayofilebda 7791 sinji
(16,9%), saTave nagebobidan aRebuli 2430 wylis sinjidan _ 675 (27,8%),
xolo adgilobrivi wyalmomaragebis wyaroebidan aRebuli 2700 wylis
sinjidan sanitariul-qimiuri da sanitariul-baqteriologiuri maCveneblebiT
normatiul moTxovnebs ver kmayofilebda 1176 sinji (43,6%).
arsebuli wyalsadenebis umravlesobis sanitarul-teqnikuri mdgomareoba
aradamakmayofilebelia, vinaidan maT ar gaaCniaT sanitaruli dacvis zonebi,
wylis gasauvnebeli danadgarebi. ar tardeba saremonto samuSaoebi da amis
gamo, miwodebuli sasmeli wylis xarisxi xSirad ar Seesabameba saxelmwifo
standartiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs. Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamosworebis
mizniT SemuSavebuli iqna wyalmomarageba-kanalizaciis sistemebis sanitarulteqnikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis programa, romlis saorientacio
Rirebuleba 82 mln. laria. programa damtkicebuli iqna prezidentis 1998
wlis 23 seqtembris #531 brZanebulebiT, magram qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime
ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamo am daniSnulebiT saWiro Tanxebis gamoyofa ar
xerxdeba.
gansakuTrebul saxelmwifo da saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis zedapiruli
wylis obieqtebs miekuTvneba 22 mdinare, xolo saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis
zedapiruli wylis obieqtebs – 67 mdinare.
gansakuTrebuli saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis wylis obieqts warmoadgens
mdinare mtkvari. masSi Caedineba sawarmoo da sayofacxovrebo moxmarebuli
wylebi; amas emateba mcire mdinareebiT dabinZurebac. aRniSnul mdinareebs
xeobebSi ganlagebuli saxalxo-sameurneo obieqtebsa da dasaxlebebs ar
gaaCniaT sakuTari sakanalizacio sistemebi, ris gamoc moxmarebuli wylebi
pirdapir Caedineba mcire mdinareebSi. es mdinareebia: xevZmara, diRmula,
loWino, gldanula da vere.
13
sayofacxovrebo da samrewvelo naxmari wylebis mdinare mtkvarSi Cadineba
xdeba saniaRvre koleqtorebis meSveobiT. wyallanirebuli fekaluri masebis
mTliani moculoba q. Tbilisis masStabiT Seadgens _ QCamd=292693 aT.m3/w.
sxva mdinareebis dabinZurebac analogiuri mizezebiTaa gamiwveuli, vinaidan dasaxlebuli adgilebidan Camdinare sameurneo-fekaluri wylebi gawmendis
gareSe Caedineba maTSi.
2002 wels zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebis kontrolis mizniT
saqarTvelos teritoriaze, wylis sinjebi aRebul iqna 21 mdinaris 32
punqtsa da 45 kveTze. sul aRebulia 224 sinji. Catarda 6347 analizi.
Catarebuli analizebis Sedegad eqstremalurad maRali da maRali dabinZureba
ar dafiqsirebula. q. TbilisSi md. veres meore kveTze gadaWarbeba zdk-ze
aRiniSna mxolod erTxel, rodesac Jangbadis bioqimiurma moxmarebam Seadgina
29,62 mg/l (4,9 zdk).
yvela mdinareSi wyalSi gaxsnili Jangbadis raodenoba iyo normis
farglebSi. Jbm5 ar aRemateboda 3 zdk-s, xolo zedapirulad aqtiuri sinTetikuri nivTierebebis koncentraciebi tolia 2 zdk-s. amoniumis azotis
maqsimaluri saSualo wliuri koncentracia 1,11 mg/l (3 zdk) aRiniSna md.
rionis punqtze sofel saqoCakiZesTan.
nitritis azotis maqsimalurma saSualo koncentraciam md. veres wyalSi
q. Tbilisis meore kveTTan miaRwia 0,17 mg/l (9 zdk)-s. rkinis maqsimaluri
(zdk = 0,3mg/l) wliuri koncentracia 1,26 mg/l (4,2 zdk) aRiniSna md.
maSaveras punqtze sofel kazreTis meore kveTze. aqve spilenZis maqsimalurma
koncentraciam Seadgina 0,214 mg/l, xolo TuTiis maqsimalurma koncentraciam
miaRwia 0,275 mg/l-s. sxva gamaWuWyianebeli ingredientebis koncentraciebi
normis farglebSi iyo.
calke unda gamoiyos md. Woroxis dabinZurebis problemebi. Tu warmodgenil monacemebs SevadarebT, am mdinaris mTavar Senakadis _ aWariswylis
monacemebs, davrwmundebuT, rom Woroxis dabinZureba gacilebiT mniSvnelovania, ase magaliTad, Jangbadis biologiuri moTxovnileba aWariswylisTvis 8,1
mg/l-ia, xolo md. Woroxisa _ 14 mg/l. imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom qveyanaSi ar
arsebobs wylis monitoringis Tanamedrove sistema, bunebrivi da Camdinare
wylebis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebis Sesaxeb informacia
arasrulia.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze daZiebuli miwisqveSa wylebis (mtknari, mineraluri da Termoenergetikuli) saerTo moculoba Seadgens 13 milion kubometrs dRe-RameSi. mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis sabadoebidan umniSvnelovanesia:
bulaCaur-nataxtaris ubani, marneuli-gardabnis arteziuli auzi, muxranis
veli,
alaznis arteziuli auzi, rioni-gubiswylis SuamdinareTi, nosiris
sabado, TrialeTis wyaroebi, xramis veli gafarToebuli wyalamRebiT.
mineraluri wylis _ sabadoebTan borjomis,
wyaltubos, nabeRlavis,
sairmis, menjis sabadoebi.
Termoenergetikuli _ sabadoebTan Tbilisis (lisis ubani), qvalonis,
zugdidi-caiSis, kindRa-moqvis sabadoebi.
14
q. Tbilisis sasmel-sameurneo miznebisaTvis wyalmomarageba xorcieldeba
8 wyaros meSveobiT, xolo miwisqveSa Termuli wylebis mopoveba q. Tbilisis
zonaSi 6 WaburRilis meSveobiT.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros mier 2002 wels
gacemulia wylis obieqtebidan wylis amoRebis Taobaze 12 licenzia da wylis
obieqtSi damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis CaSvebaze 9 licenzia _ sul 21
licenziaa gacemuli.
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis garemos dacvis saministros informaciiT Savi zRvis dabinZurebis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da aqtiuri
keraa adliis sakanalizacio gamwmendi nagebobebi, romlis teqnologiuri sqema
mTlianad moSlilia da gadaudebel aRdgeniTi da sarekonstruqcio samuSaoebis Catarebas saWiroebs. arsebuli monacemebiT adliis gamwmend nagebobebze
Camdinare wylis gawmenda faqtiurad aRar xdeba, ris gamoc mdinare WoroxSi
da Semdeg Sav zRvaSi didi raodenobiT mavne nivTierebebi Caedineba. warmodgenili statistikuri angariSgebis monacemebiT adliis gamwmendi nagebobebidan
saSualod yovelwliurad 20 mln m3 gauwmendavi wyali Cadis, romlis SemadgenlobaSi 600 tona organuli nivTiereba (Jbm) da 1100 tona Sewonili
nawilakebia.
Savi zRvis aqtiuri damabinZurebeli wyaroebia q. baTumis sakanalizacio
qselis is ubnebi, romlebic qalaqis akvatoriaSi arsebuli saniaRvre qselis
meSveobiT zRvaSi ganitvirTeba. maTi wvlili Camdinare wylebis wliuri
Camonadenis saxiT 3 mln m3-ia, rac 150 tona organuli nivTierebebis da 200
tonamde Sewonili nawilakebis CaSvebis tolfasia.
bolo periodSi metad rTuli mdgomareobaa Seqmnili qobuleTis sakanalizacio qselis eqspluataciisas. koleqtorebis gaumarTaobis gamo Camdinare
wylebis CaSveba qalaqis akvatoriaSi xdeba. ase magaliTad: pioneris quCis
dasaxlebaSi sakanalizacio qselis gafarToebis samuSaoebis 1990 wels SeCerebiT qobuleTis mWidrod dasaxlebuli am ubnis sameurneo-fekaluri wylebi
uSualod zRvaSi Caedineba, xolo sakanalizacio koleqtoris Caxergilobis
gamo qalaq qobuleTis ZiriTadi Camdinare wylebi fiWvnaris dasaxlebis
bolos yovelgvari gawmendisa da gauvneblobis gareSe zRvaSia CarTuli. aqve
ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom adre wlebSi moqmedi daba meriis sakanalizacio gamwmendi nagebobebi mTlianad gaZarcvulia ris
Sedegadac Camdinare
wylebis gawmendis aranairi teqnologiuri moTxovnis uzrunvelyofis dakmayofileba faqtiurad gamoricxulia.
2002 wlis ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifo sanitariuli zedamxedvelobis
samsaxuris mier xorcieldeboda Savi zRvis sanapiro wylebis (mosaxleobis
wyalsargeblobis raionebSi) laboratoriuli kontroli sanitariul-qimiuri
da sanitariul-baqterologiur maCveneblebze.
sanitariul-qimiur maCveneblebze gamokvleulia zRvis wylis sul 125
sinji, romelTagan 78 sinji (62%) ar Seesabameboda higienur moTxovnebs.
mavne qimiuri nivTierebebis Semcvelobaze gamokvleulia zRvis wylis sul
43 sinji, romelTagan 12 sinjSi (30%) qimiuri damabinZureblebis Semcveloba
aRemateboda Sesabamis zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentraciebs.
15
sanitariul-baqteriologiur maCveneblebze gamokvleulia zRvis wylis
sul 127 sinji, romelTagan 90 sinji (70%) ar Seesabameboda higienur
moTxovnebs.
zedapiruli wylebis xarisxobriv maCveneblebze foTis saxelmwifo
sanitariuli zedamxedvelobis inspeqciis mier Catarebulia 2002 wels laboratoriuli kvlevebi:
1. zRvis wyali 11 nimuSi, z.d.k. darRveulia ubm5 mixedviT.
2. mdinare rioni 3 nimuSi zdk darRveulia: amiakis, nitratebis wyalSi
gaxsnili Jangbadisa da jbm5 monacemebiT.
3. paliastomisa da md. kaparWinas TiTo nimuSi: zdk darRveulia wyalSi
gaxsnili Jangbadisa da jbm5 monacemebiT. gamovlinda laqtaza _ dadebiTi
nawlavis Cxirebi.
zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebis ZiriTad mizezad iTvleba mosaxleobis
mier sxvadasxva saxis narCenebis ganTavseba Ria wyalsatevebSi, sayofacxovrebo
da fekaluri masis CaSveba mdinareTa kalapotebSi, rac ganpirobebulia
gamwmendi sistemis umoqmedobiT, miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis gamomwvevi
mizezebis Seswavlas da dabinZurebis intensiurobis, dadgenis mizniT qalaqSi
aranairi dakvirvebebi da gamokvlevebi ar tardeba.
q. foTis nagavsayreli wyaldidobis da wvimebis dros irecxeba da
ukiduresad gaWuWyianebuli wylis masa Caedineba zRvaSi. zRvis analogiur
gambinZureblad gvevlineba md. kaparWina, romelmac dakarga mdinaris funqcia.
amJamad igi warmoadgens damyayebul guburas da narCenebis ganTavsebis obieqts.
Savi zRvis gaWuWyianebis Sesamcireblad aucilebel da gadaudebel problemas
warmoadgens axali nagavsayrelis gaSeneba, bekeris ormos mowyoba, md.
kaparWinas wesrigSi moyvana, rac finansur uzrunvelyofasTan aris dakavSirebuli da risi saSualebac jerjerobiT qalaqs ar gaaCnia.
Savi zRvis dabinZurebis aqtiuri wyaroebia agreTve daba Caqvis, maxinjauris, mwvane koncxis centraluri dasaxlebis mravalsarTuliani sacxovrebeli
saxlebi da sazogadoebrivi Senobebi, romelTa mniSvnelovani nawilis sameurneo fekaluri wylebi uSualod saniaRvro qselSia CarTuli, saidanac igi
Semdgom zRvaSi Caedineba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom warsul wlebSi arakanalizirebuli dasaxlebuli adgilebisaTvis praqtikaSi miRebuli iyo amosaniCbi ormoebis mowyoba, xolo maTi
gadavsebis SemTxvevaSi specialuri manqanebiT gatana. dReis mdgomareobiT
sakanalizacio gamwmendi nagebobebis sruli umoqmedobis pirobebSi arsebobs am
saxis narCenebis ganTavsebisa da utilizaciis metad mtkivneuli problema.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros monacemebiT uSualod Savi zRvis sanapiro zolSi ganlagebul dasaxlebuli punqtebidan (q.
baTumis garda) zRvaSi 2 mln m3 Camdinare wyali Caedineba. amasTan erTad
xdeba 100 tona organuli nivTierebebisa da 150 tona Sewonili nawilakebis
CaiSvebac.
saministro aqtiurad muSaobs samrewvelo sawarmoebis da calkeuli
obieqtebis mier wyalgamwmendi nagebobebis muSaobis efeqturobis gasaumjobeseblad. ase magaliTad, saministrosTan winaswar SeTanxmebuli samoqmedo
gegmiT konkretuli RonisZiebebi iqna gatarebuli dedaTa da bavSvTa saavad16
myofos, Sps “baTumi oil terminalis”, xelvaCauris purkombinatis, Sps
“baTumis navTopbgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis”, Sps “saqarTvelos rkinigzis
baTumis teritoriuli sammarTvelos” sawarmoebis, Sps “baTumis navTobbazis”,
Sps “prestiJi XXI”, aWargazis trestis, Sps “RorRis”, Sps “avto 2000” da
sxvaTa mier sakanalizacio gamwmendi nagebobebis aRsadgenad an teqnikuri
gadaiaraRebis Casatareblad. maT rigSi kidev erTxel unda gamoiyos Sps “pol
terminali”, romelmad umokles droSi aRadgina zRvaSi Camdinare wylebis
CaSvebis siRrmiseuli milsadeni da teqnologiuri
moTxovnebis
zusti
dacviT gaumjobeseba navTobSemcveli Camdinare wylebis gawmendis xarisxi.
amasTanave ganxorcielda sarekonstruqcio da aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi sawarmoebSi arsebuli lokaluri navTobdamWeri nagebobebis muSaobis efeqturobis
gasaumjobeseblad.
saministro moqmedebs ra aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uzenaesi
sabWosTan winaswar SeTanxmebuli programiT, Tanmimdevrul
RonisZiebebs
axorcielebs Savi zRvis damabinZurebel obieqtebze wyaldacviTi nagebobebis
muSaobis efeqturobis gasaumjobeseblad zRvis sanapiro zolSi ganlagebuli
turistuli kompleqsebisa da dasasvenebeli saxlebis sakanalizacio gamwmendi
nagebobebis aRsadgenad. paralelurad mimdinareobs muSaoba wyalsargeblobis
licenzirebis gadasawyvetad.
17
Tavi 3
miwa da miwis resursebi
saqarTvelo mciremiwiani qveyanaa, romlis teritoria 7628,4 aTas ha-s
Seadgens. farTobis sxvaoba gasul 2001 welTan (6949,4 aT.ha) SedarebiT 679
aT.ha-s Seadgens, rac gamowveulia qveynis teritoriis saxelmwifo sazRvrebSi
arsebuli teritoriuli wylebis (Savi zRvis nawilis) saqarTvelos kanonis
„wylis Sesaxeb“ Sesabamisad, mTlian farTobSi aRricxviT.
2002 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis
farTobi Seadgens 3022,7 aTas heqtars (mTeli teritoriis 39,6%). aqedan
saxnavia 795,3 aTasi heqtari (mTeli sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis 26,3%),
mravalwliani nargavebi _ 267,9 aTasi heqtari (8,9%), saTibi _ 142,5 aTasi
heqtari (4,7%), xolo saZovari _ 1797,2 aTasi heqtari (59,5%). aseve
sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebSia aRricxuli sakarmidamo nakveTebze ganlagebuli sacxovrebeli da sameurneo SenobebiT dakavebuli 19,8 aTasi heqtari
(0,7%). unda aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom sasoflo-sameurneo savarguli erT
komlze saSualod modis 0,72ha, aqedan saxnavi _ 0,41ha.
naxazze 3.1 mocemulia sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis
struqtura
2002 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT, xolo cxrilSi 3.1 - savargulebis
farTobebis cvlilebis dinamika 1999-2002 wlebSi.
sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis struqtura 2002w.
(aTasi ha)
saxnavi
19,8
795,3
mravalwliani
nargavebi
saTibi
267,9
1797,2
142,5
saZovari
sacxovrebeli da sameurneo
SenobebiT dakavebuli
nax. 3.1
qveynis teritoriis 60,4% (4605,7 aTasi heqtari) arasasoflo-sameurneo
daniSnulebis miwaa, saidanac dasaxlebuli punqtebiT, SenobebiT da gzebiT
dakavebulia 399,3 aTasi heqtari, tye-buCqnarebiT da mindorsacavi tyis
zolebiT – 3004,5 aTasi heqtari, wyliT da WaobiT – 894,1 aTasi heqtari,
sxva danarCeni gamouyenebeli miwiT (xevebi, xramebi, qviSrobebi, kldeebi,
dazianebuli, erozirebuli da damewyrili miwebi, sasaflaoebi) – 307,0 aTasi
heqtari.
18
sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis reformis Sedegad, 2002 wlis 1
ianvrisaTvis, moqalaqeTa sakuTrebaSi gacemulia 930 aT.ha, mTeli teritoriis
12,2%, maT Soris sasoflo-sameurneo savarguli 763,0 aT.ha, mTeli sasoflosameurneo savargulis 25,2%, aqedan:saxnavia
436,6 aT.ha, mravalwliani
nargavebi _ 181,1 aT.ha, saTibi _ 41,9 aT.ha, xolo saZovari _ 83,6 aT.ha.
cxrili 3.1
saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis farTobebis dinamika
1999-2002 wlebSi
weli
1999
2001
2002
sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi
(sakarmidamos
CaTvliT) sul
aT. ha
3018,5
3019,7
3022,7
%
100,0
100,0
100,0
maT Soris
damuSavebuli
miwebi (sakarmidamos CaTvliT)
aT. ha
%
1060,5
35,13
1062,2
35,17
1063,2
35.17
aqedan
mravalwliani
saxnavi
nargavebi
aT. ha
%
aT. ha
%
790,4
26,2
270,1
8,9
792,2
26,3
269,3
8,9
797,3
26.3
267,9
8,9
saTibsaZovrebi
aT. ha
1938,6
1938,1
1939,7
%
64,22
64,18
64,17
ijariT gaica 903,0 aTasi heqtari sasoflo-sameurneo savarguli, mTeli
savargulis 29,9%, saidanac saxnavia 230,5 aTasi heqtari, mravalwliani
nargavebi 26,7 aT.ha, saTibi – 46,1 aT.ha, xolo saZovari _ 606,0 aT.ha.
sul sakuTrebaSi da ijariT gacemulia 1666,1 aTasi heqtari sasoflosameurneo savarguli, mTeli savargulis 55,1%, maT Soris intensiuri gamoyenebis savargulebi _ 874,6 aTasi heqtari, saTibi – 88,0 aTasi heqtari,
saZovari _ 683,6 aTasi heqtari. sacxovrebeli saxlebiT sameurneo SenobebiT
da ezoebiT dakavebuli 19,8 aTasi heqtari.
arasasoflo-sameurneo
daniSnulebis
miwis
kerZo
sakuTrebad
gamocxadebisa da miwis marTvisa da gankargvis Sesaxeb kanonebis safuZvelze
2002 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT kerZo sakuTrebaSi gaica 4837 ha
arasasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa. qveyanaSi mimdinareobs miwis bazris
ganviTareba. 2002 wlis 1 ianvrisaTvis dafiqsirda miwasTan dakavSirebuli
garigebis (yidva-gayidvis) 10874 SemTxveva 3925,6 ha miwaze, aqedan sasoflosameurneo miwis gayidvis 6357 SemTxveva 2124,71
ha-ze da arasasoflosameurneo miwis gayidvis 4517 SemTxveva 1800,9 ha-ze.
sakuTrebaSi da ijariT gaucemeli darCa 1356,4 aT.ha sasoflo-sameurneo
daniSnulebis miwa, saerTo raodenobis 44,8%. maT Soris intensiuri
savarguli – 188,3 aT.ha, saTibi – 45,8 aT.ha, xolo saZovari 1113,6 aT.ha.
gaucemeli farTobidan afxazeTsa da samaCabloSia 255,9 aT.ha sasoflosameurneo savarguli. aRniSnulis gareSe gaucemlad darCenilia 1100,8 aT.ha
sasoflo-sameurneo savarguli. aqedan: saxnavi – 89,8 aT.ha, saTibi – 44,8
aT.ha, saZovari – 940,6 aT.ha, saidanac 919 aT.ha ganTavsebulia alpur zonaSi.
aRniSnuli farTobebis sakuTrebaSi da ijariT gaucemlobis mizezebia:
rTuli reliefuri pirobebi, mwiri niadagobrivi Semadgenloba, sarwyavi da
19
damSrobi sistemebis mwyobridan gamosvla, rac iwvevs sasoflo-sameurneo
savargulebis gaudabnoebas an meorad daWaobebas.
agroteqnikuri da sxva RonisZiebebis gautareblobis Sedegad sasoflosameurneo savargulebis milionamde heqtari ganicdis sxvadasxva saxis
erozias. wylismier erozias ganicdis 418 aTasi heqtari, xolo qarismier
erozias _ 582,5 aTasi heqtari. “saqsaxmiwproeqtis” mier samecniero da
saproeqto organizaciebis monawileobiT Sedgenilia “niadagis eroziis
sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebaTa generaluri sqema”, sadac calkeuli raionebis
mixedviT mocemulia eroziiT dazianebuli farTobebi da niadagis eroziisagan
dacvis RonisZiebebi.
erozirebuli niadagebidan 300 aTasi ha saxnavia (mTeli saxnavis 37,8%).
yovelwliurad qveyana kargavs sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mosavlis 1520%-s sustad Camorecxil niadagebze, 30-40%-mde saSualod Camorecxilze,
xolo 50-60%-mde Zlier Camorecxil niadagebze, ris Sedegadac yovelwliuri
zarali saSualod Seadgens 1,0 miliard lars.
humusovani fenis dakargvis gamo dabalia nayofiereba qarismieri eroziiT
dazianebul miwebzec. ganadgurebulia qarsafari zolebis 50%-ze meti.
yuradReba ar eqceva qarsafari zolebis aRdgena-gaSenebas da dReisaTvis maTi
farTobi 8,8 aTas heqtars ar aRemateba. marto mimdinare wlis TebervalmartSi Zlieri qarismieri eroziisagan kaxeTis regionSi 85,0 aTas ha-ze
moixsna niadagis zeda nayofieri fena Tavisi naTesebiT, xolo imereTis
regionSi daitbora 7,51 aT.ha, saidanac mTlianad ganadgurda 1,22 aT.ha da
nawilobriv dazianda 1,76 aT.ha miwis farTobi, miyenebulma zianma Seadgina
3287,0 aTasi lari.
miwaTmoqmedTa
garkveuli
nawili
angariSs
ar
uwevs
eroziis
sawinaaRmdego brZolis aqtualobas. sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis araswori
SerCevis, niadagis damuSavebis sistemis moSlis, konkretuli niadagobrivi
pirobebis gauTvaliswineblad meqanizmebis gamoyenebis da faqtobrivad miwis
eqspluataciam, tyeebisa da buCqnarebis usistemo Wrebma Seqmnes aramarto
erozirebuli movlenebis warmoqmnis, aramed misi intensiuri ganviTarebis
pirobebi.
saxelmwifoSi Seqmnili ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamo “saqarTvelos
niadagebis eroziisgan dacvis 1999-2005 wlebis saxelmwifo miznobrivi
programa” saTanadod ver xorcieldeba.
sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebis Semcirebis erTerTi mizezi
niadagebis damlaSeba da bicobianobaa. es niadagebi gavrcelebulia ioralaznisa da ior-mtkvris Suamdebare dablobebze, vakeebsa da wyalgamyof
zegnebze, romelTa saerTo farTobi 205 aT.ha-s aRemateba. am farTobebidan
156,7 aT.ha bicobiani niadagebia; maT Soris 63,7 aT.ha saxnavia; 4,3 aT.ha
aTvisebulia mravalwliani nargavebiT, xolo 88,7 aT.ha saZovarsa da tyes
ukavia.
damlaSebul niadagebs ukavia 48,3 aTasi ha. aqedan saxnavia 13,3 aTasi ha;
2,5 aTasi ha mravalwlian nargavebs ukavia, xolo 31,1 aTasi ha saZovaria.
gamokvlevebiT dadgenilia, rom bicobian niadagebze melioraciuli
RonisZebebis gatarebis gareSe marcvleuli kulturebis mosavlianoba
20
saSualod 8-10 c/ha Seadgens, xolo maTi aTvisebis Sedegad mosavlianoba 2530 c/ha Seadgens, rac mniSvnelovan rezervs warmoadgens qveyanaSi
marcvleulis gazrdis TvalsazrisiT.
163 aT.ha daSrobili miwebidan naxevarze met farTobze (122,0 aT.ha)
mimdinareobs xelmeored daWaobebis procesi.
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT ki mis aridul raionebSi 600
aT.ha miwis farTobi moqceulia gvalvian da naxevradgvalvian raionebSi. aqedan
300 aT.ha miwis farTobi ganicdis gaudabnoebas, rac ZiriTadad gamowveulia
adamianis saqmianobis aramdgradi formiT _ miwebis zeeqspluataciiT, tyis
farTobebis SemcirebiT da rwyvis normebis darRveviT. gaudabnoebis procesi
kargad aris gamoxatuli kaxeTis regionSi, kerZod: dedofliswyaros raionSi
gaudabnoebas ganicdis 11,904 aT.ha miwis farTobi, siRnaRis raionSi 46,070
aT.ha da sagarejos raionSi 47,0 aT.ha; qvemo qarTlSi: gardabnis raionSi 32,0
aT.ha da marneulis raionSi 30,56 aT.ha miwis farTobi.
amasTan erTad, arsebuli 470,0 aTasi heqtari sarwyavi miwidan, sarwyavi
qselebis
gaumarTaobis,
satumbi
sadgurebis
umoqmedobis,
avariuli
mdgomareobis, wylis deficitisa da sxva mizezebis gamo 2002 wels am
farTobis mxolod 45% miwis morwyva iyo SesaZlebeli. sarwyavi sistemebi
moiTxovs reabilitacias.
uaxloes momavalSi Savi zRvis sanapiro zolSi mosalodnelia intensiuri
warecxvebi, radganac amJamad ar xdeba inertuli masalis Setana. katastrofaa
mosalodneli Woroxis SesarTavTan baTumamde, radgan kaSxlebis mSeneblobis
gamo mTlianad Sewydeba am mdinaris myari natani. warecxilia saqarTvelos
Savi zRvis sanapiro zolSi, kolxeTis centralur nawilSi, foTis midamoebSi
da mis samxreTiT xelovnurad Seqmnili plaJi. mosalodnelia daitboros da
zRvam warecxos qalaqis dasaxlebuli ubnebi da malTayva-grigoleTis
monakveTi. md. enguris SesarTavTan da mis samxreTiT sanapiro irecxeba
sakmaod intensiurad, rac ganpirobebulia enguris kaSxlis arsebobiT.
(enguris myari natanis raodenoba Semcirebulia 90%-iT). afxazeTis
farglebSi (zepiri gadmocemiT) araerTgvarovani suraTia, oCamCiris samxreTiT
napiri intensiurad irecxeba. kodoridan oCamCiris portamde adgili aqvs
warecxvebs. soxumSi da gagraSi SedarebiT stabileri mdgomareobaa.
sakmaod problematuria qveyanaSi niadagis dabinZurebis sakiTxi. niadagi
binZurdeba navTobiTa da navTobproduqtebiT, mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebiT,
mineraluri sasuqebiT, mZime liTonebiT, samrewvelo da sxva saxis narCenebiT.
niadagebis dabinZurebis adgilebi ZiriTadad lokaluria da dabinZurebis
wyaros teritoriazea.
samrewvelo zonebisa da sacxovrebeli masivebis niadagebis zeda fenebi
dabinZurebulia mZime liTonebiT, romlis wyarosac msxvili samrewvelo
obieqtebi warmoadgenen (metalurgiuli, samTo, saSen masalaTa, qimiuri,
manqanaTmSeneblobisa da sxva); qalaqebsa da centraluri avtomagistralebis
mimdebare teritoriebze niadagebi dabinZurebulia tyviiT sawvavad eTilirebuli benzinis gamoyenebis gamo; Sxamqimikatebisa da sasuqebis araracionaluri
gamoyenebis, xolo vadagasuli mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebis Senaxvis
aradamakmayofilebeli pirobebis gamo adgili aqvs garemos dabinZurebas.
21
2002 wlis ganmavlobaSi gamovlenil iqna niadagebis mxolod navTobproduqtebiT dabinZurebis faqtebi. mag.: 2002 wels zestafonis raionSi sofel
meore svirSi navTobsadenis trasis dazianebis Sedegad 0,8 ha miwis farTobi
dabinZurda, xolo xaragaulis raionSi sarkinigzo avariis Sedegad – 0,15 ha.
gardabnis raionis sof. axal samgorSi dakonservebuli WaburRilidan moxda
navTobis daRvra da dabinZurda 2,1 ha qviani saZovari. 100m2 niadagis
dabinZurebas hqonda adgili navTobproduqtebis realizaciis dros baRdaTis
raionSi. xaSuris r-nis teritoriaze dafiqsirebul iqna rkinigzis obieqtebidan rogorc md.suramulas aseve sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis dabinZurebis
faqtebi. garda aRniSnulisa, wlis ganmavlobaSi garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis regionalurma samsaxurebma mravaljer daafiqsires sxvadasxva
farTobze navTobproduqtebiT dabinZurebis faqtebi rkinigzis sadgurebis,
navTobproduqtebis
sacavi
rezervuarebis
da
navTobgadamamuSavebeli
sawarmoebis teritoriebze. xSir SemTxvevaSi operatiulad moxda dabinZurebis
likvidacia da dazianebuli niadagi gadatanil iqna saremediacio adgilebSi.
Sesabamisi
samuSaoebis
dafinansebis
sirTulis
gamo
niadagebis
dabinZurebis Seswavlas epizoduri xasiaTi aqvs. ar arsebobs ekologiuri
ruka, sadac aRniSnuli iqneboda niadagis dabinZurebis “cxeli wertilebi”.
2001-2002 wlebSi agraruli radiologiisa da ekologiis samecnierokvleviTi institutis mier Catarebuli iqna radionuklidebiTa da mZime
metalebiT niadagebis dabinZurebis calkeuli gamokvlevebi.
gamokvleul iqna gardabnis Tboeleqtrosadguris zegavleniT gardabnis
naxevradudabnos velis niadagebSi radionuklidebis ganawileba. dadginda, rom
sadguridan gabatonebuli qarebis mimarTulebiT 1km-Si Cs137 Semcveloba
tolia 48,5 bek/kg, 2 km-Si 66,8 bek/kg, ulianovkaSi 102,0 bek/kg, Semdeg ukve
jandarasTan iklebs da igi 37,6 bek/kg-s tolia da a.S. 15 km-is manZilis
Semdeg igi klebulobs. amdenad, Tboeleqtrosadguris arsebiTi zemoqmedebis
zonas 15km-iani zoli warmoadgens da amis gaTvaliswinebiT unda ganlagdes
sasoflo-sameurneo da sxva kulturebi radionuklidebis mimarT gamZleobis
TvalsazrisiT da ekologiurad sufTa produqciis mosayvanad.
maT mierve iqna Seswavlili mesxeTis niadagebSi radionuklidebisa da
mZime metalebis dagrovebis sakiTxebi.
aRmoCnda, rom niadagebSi saSualod
grovdeba: AAlA10000 mg/kg;FFe – 10000 mg/kg; Mn 2000 mg/kg; Ni – 80 mg/kg; Cu –
69 mg/kg; Pb - 29 mg/kg; Zn – 120 mg/kg da Cd - 60 mg/kg.
aRniSnul
niadagebSi
dasaxelebuli
mZime
metalebis
Semcveloba
ukavSirdeba ZiriTadad Sxamqimikatebis gamoyenebas. amitom aucilebelia
SeZlebisdagvarad am preparatebis Secvla biologiuri saSualebebiT.
amave zonis niadagebSi gansazRvrulia radionuklidebis Semcveloba da
Semcveloba tolia 2114 bek/kg
aRmoCnda, rom saSualod mesxeTSi
K40
(radionuklidebis saerTo raodenobis 88,7%). danarCeni radionuklidebis
(Cs137+U238+ Th232+Ra226) Semcveloba Seadgens 269 bek/kg (11,3%). am
gamokvlevebiT dadginda, rom radionuklidi K40 Semcveloba ganpirobebulia
misi niadagebSi bunebrivi SemcvelobiT, xolo danarCeni radionuklidebis
Semcveloba _ miwaTmoqmedebaSi Sxamqimikatebis gamoyenebiT da Cernobilis
droindeli narCenebiT.
22
Tavi 4
wiaRi da wiaRiseuli
wiaRisa da wiaRiseulis dacvisa da racionalurad gamoyenebis mizniT
1993 wlidan SemoRebulia wiaRiT sargeblobis licenzireba. dRemde gacemulia 500-ze meti licenzia.
sxvadaxva saxis sabadoebiT sargeblobisaTvis gacemuli licenziis Sesaxeb
monacemebi mocemulia cxrilSi 1.
navTobis Zieba-mopovebisaTvis, romelsac adgilobriv organizaciebTan
erTad awarmoeben ucxouri kompaniebi, gacemulia 18 licenzia, TiToeuli 2025 wlis vadiT. jerjerobiT navTobis mopoveba didi ar aris (dRe-RameSi 250300t) dedofliswyaros raionSi, qvemo qarTlSi _ norios, samgorisa da
TeleTis raionebSi.
myari sasargeblo wiaRiseulebidan _ tyibuli-Saoris regionSi ZiebamopovebisaTvis gacemulia 7 licenzia, magram qvanaxSiris mopoveba jer isev
umniSvneloa da misi gamoyeneba xdeba mxolod arasamrewvelo daniSnulebiT. ss
„WiaTurmanganumSi“ madnis wliurma mopovebam 300 aT. t. miaRwia. SedarebiT
intensiurad mimdinareobs madneulis polimetaluri sabados damuSaveba, sadac
madnis wliuri amoReba 1,8-2,0 mln. tonas aRwevs.
sistematiurad mniSvnelovani raodenobiT gaicema licenziebi samSeneblo
inertul da samToqimiur masalebze. 2002 wels gacemulia 26 licenzia,
romelTagan 3 SeCerebuli an gauqmebulia. licenziis mflobelebze mikuTvnebuli miwis nakveTi 1770ha-s Seadgens. unda aRiniSnos, rom am saxis wiaRiseulis
mopovebaze licenzirebis SemoRebis dRidan gacemulia 269 licenzia, romelTagan 66 SeCerebuli an gauqmebulia. es imis maCvenebelia, rom wiaRiseulis
mosapoveblad gaxsnil karierebze mikuTvnebuli nakveTebi mitovebulia.
wiaRis simdidreTa Soris gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba gaaCnia miwisqveSa
wylebs, romelTa saorientacio maragi 580 m3/wm-s aRwevs. es wylebi xasiaTdebian maRali xarisxobrivi maCveneblebiT da droSi ganaxlebadobiT. am resursebidan geologiurad daZiebuli da saxelmwifo komisiis mier damtkicebulia
133 m3/wm., rac 2-3-jer aRemateba qveynis moTxovnilebebs da iZleva nedli
wylis farTo eqsportis saSualebas.
saqarTvelo mdidaria geoTermuli wylis sabadoebiT, marto Tbilisis
midamoebSi arsebuli WaburRilebis jamuri debiti aRemateba 25000 m3/dR.
dRes-dReobiT qveyanaSi gamovlenilia 80-ze meti mineraluri wylis sabado,
aqedan 40-mde sasmelia, danarCeni balneologiuri daniSnulebisaa.
miwisqveSa wylebis mopovebaze yovelwliurad gaicema didi raodenobiT
licenziebi. sul gacemulia 160 licenzia. licenziebis nawili SeCerebuli an
gauqmebulia sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo, rac imaze migvaniSnebs, rom xdeba am
wyaroebis ulicenzio sargebloba, an wylis usargeblod daRvra.
saerTod, gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom xSiria sasargeblo
wiaRiseulis ulicenzio mopoveba. zog SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs mtaceblurad,
teqnikuri eqspluataciis wesebis darRveviT maT damuSavebas an mikuTvnebas,
23
rac xasiaTdeba wiaRiseulis didi danakargebiTa da garemosaTvis zianis
miyenebiT.
wiaRiT sargeblobisTvis gacemuli licenziebis mdgomareoba
1993_2002 wlebSi
gacemuli
licenziebi
wiaRis saxe
myari wiaRiseuli
miwis qveSa
wylebi
navTobi da gazi
naxSirorJangis gazi
mtknari dabali
miwerilobos
wyali
geoTermuli
wyali
mineraluri
wyali
saTbobi
madneuli
aramadneuli,
samSeneblo
masalebi da
samToqimiuri
nedleuli
sul
2000
wlamde
17
9
2001w.
2002w.
SeCerebuli da
gauqmebuli
licenziebi
1993-2002w.
1
2
6
1
35
7
14
14
7
1
1
1
62
4
7
14
4
37
1
1
1
3
1
6
223
20
26
66
394
37
52
114
wiaRiT sargeblobis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaTvis saWiroa:
_ sasargeblo wiaRiseulis damuSavebisas mkacri kontroli dawesdes
licenziis pirobebis Sesrulebaze, gatardes saTanado RonisZiebebi ulicenzio
mopovebis aRsakveTad;
_ gulmodgine aRricxva iseTi sabadoebisa (gansakuTrebiT miwisqveSa
wylebisa da samSeneblo masalebisa), romelTa sargeblobisTvis aucilebelia
licenzireba;
_ wiaRisa da wiaRiseuliT sargeblobisas qveynisaTvis miyenebuli zianis
asanazRaureblad SemuSavdes da damtkicdes saTanado zaralis gaangariSebis
meTodika.
24
Tavi 5
mcenareuli safari
saqarTvelos mcenareuloba didi mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba, rac
ganpirobebulia sxvadasxva faqtorebiT, ZiriTadad saqarTvelos geografiuli
mdebareobiT da bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebis mravalferovnebiT.
saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari daaxloebiT 13000 saxeobas iTvlis. maT
Soris 4225 miekuTvneba Teslovan mcenareTa ricxvs, 75 – gvimrisebrs, 600 –
xavsebs, 650 – mRierebs, 5000 – sokovans da 2000 – wyalmcenareebs.
endemur (adgilobriv) da reliqtur (Zvel) saxeobebTan erTad saqarTveloSi uxvadaa adventuri (adamianis Semotanili da gavrcelebuli) saxeobebi.
maT Soris mravladaa rogorc bunebrivi, ise kulturuli _ marcvleuli,
xileuli, bostneuli, samkurnalo, dekoratiuli mcenare. maTi umravlesobis
samSoblod saqarTvelo iTvleba. adgilobrivi, endemuri warmoSobisaa saqarTvelos mcenareuli safaris 380 saxeoba, romelTagan cnobilia biWvinTisa da
eldaris fiWvi, samegrelos aryi, qarTuli nuSi da sxva. reliqturi mcenareebi mravladaa gavrcelebuli kolxeTSi, ase magaliTad: pontos muxa, Zelqva,
bza, wyavi, Sqeri, mocvi, uTxovari da sxva.
sayuradReboa samkurnalo mcenareebis mravalferovnebac, romelTa gamoyenebis uZvelesi tradiciebi arsebobs qveyanaSi.
samkurnalo mcenareebisagan damzadebuli preparatebis gamoyenebis Sedegebma ara marto fitoTerapia, aramed mecnieruli da praqtikuli medicinac samkurnalo mcenareebisaken Semoabruna, ramac gamoiwvia samkurnalo floris
resursebze moTxovnilebis gazrda. Sedegad ki mospobis saSiSroebis winaSe
aRmoCnda samkurnalo mcenareebis iseTi mniSvnelovani saxeobebi, rogoricaa:
asisTava, asfurcela, xarisCliqa, kulmuxo, wiuka, orkbila, ZaRlis satacuri,
satacuri, xarisSubla, endro, yoCivarda, nugo, xarisZira, cisTvala, gazafxulis furisula, nivrisdeda, yazaxa, didjama furisula, yviTeli gvirila,
cxeniskbila, TeTryvavila, buCqisZira, gareuli “prasi” da sxva.
kritikuli mdgomareoba Seeqmna gulis daavadebaTa samkurnalo mcenare
SroSanas. erTnairi intensivobiT spoben mis yvavilebs, foTlebsa da fesvebs
rogorc samkurnalo, aseve dekoratiuli miznebisaTvis. aRniSvnas saWiroebs is
faqtic, rom yovelwliurad Tbilisis quCebsa da bazrebSi didi raodenobiT
SemoaqvT da yidian kenWovani daavadebis samkurnalo unikalur mcenares –
endros, romlis fesvebis gamoyenebiT mas gamravlebis saSualebas uspoben.
gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa Tbilisis SemogarenSi adre gazafxulis saxeobebis
intensiuri mopoveba. didi raodenobiT moipoveba qarTuli yoCivarda, endro,
satacuri, furisula, ia, qarTuli zambaxi.
dRes arsebul mdgomareobaze SeiZleba vimsjeloT mxolod zogadad,
radgan faqtiurad ar xdeba veluri samkurnalo mcenareebis gavrcelebis arealebis da populaciebis mdgomareobis aRwera-Sefaseba, maTi maragebis gansazRvra. jer kidev ar aris dazustebuli samkurnalo mcenareTa resursebis maragebi, ar aris SemuSavebuli gadaSenebis safrTxis qveS myof mcenareTa konservaciisa da aRwarmoebis RonisZiebebi. rac Seexeba xelovnurad gamwvanebul
25
teritoriebs _ baRebsa da parkebs, 2002 wlis monacemebiT, aq arcTu iseTi
saxarbielo mdgomareobaa.
S.p.s. `vakis parkis~ farTobi Seadgens 16ha. aqedan mwvane nargaobebs
ukavia 8ha, 5ha _ Senoba-nagebobebs da 3ha _ sxvadasxva atraqcionebs. `Tbilisis zRvis parkis~ farTobi _ 120ha, nargaoba _ 65470 Zirs. `veteranTa parkis~ (kikviZis sax. parki) farTobi _ 7,7 ha, nargaoba _ 6000 Zirs. `mTawmindis parkis~ teritoria _ 58,4ha. aqedan gamwvanebulia 57ha. `muSTaidis parkis~ teritorias ukavia 4,3ha. aqedan gamwvanebulia 2,6ha. gzebsa da atraqcionebs dakavebuli aqvs 1,7ha. parkebis umetes nawilSi aRsadgenia savali gzebi
da moednebi, wyalsadenisa da eleqtroganaTebis qseli. ar aris baRis savarZlebi. dangreulia da ar funqcionirebs oranJeria, kapitalurad SesakeTebelia
administraciuli da sxva damxmare Senobebi. `mTawmindis parkSi~ fiWvebi
daavadebulia aluriT da mimdinareobs daavadebasTan brZola meqanikuri meTodiT. ar funqcionirebs sarwyavi sistema da arc erTi atraqcioni. `muSTaidis
parkSi~ didi raodenobiT saR mcenareebze modebulia suro, romelTa Camocileba aucilebelia. arc erTi Sadrevani ar funqcionirebs, parkis teritoriaze
aris didi raodenobiT gadaberebuli da wverxmeli xeebi.
axmetelis saxelobis baRis farTobi Seadgens 4,55ha, akakis saxelobis
baRis farTobi _ 1,3ha, vaxuStis saxelobis baRis farTobi _ 6ha, cxra aprilis zeda da qveda baRebis farTobi _ 4ha, sanapiro baRis farTobi _ 1,3ha,
300 aragvelis saxelobis baRis farTobi _ 2,45ha, avWalis baRis farTobi _
3,2ha, VI m/r-is baRis farTobi _ 2,1ha, dedaenis saxelobis baRis farTobi _
5,6ha, veris baRis farTobi _ 5,44ha, kaxeTis gzatkecilze baRis farTobi _
3,5ha, yazbegis baRis farTobi _ 3,94ha, orxevis xidTan baRis farTobi _
5,9ha. baRebis umetes nawilSi aRsadgenia wyalgayvaniloba, ganaTeba, dasadgmelia baRis savarZlebi, gazonebi gadaTelilia, ganadgurebulia moyvavile buCqebi. baRebi Sesavsebia dekoratiuli mcenareebiT, asakgadacilebuli nargavebi
gadasabelia, mosaSandakebelia wiTeli fxvniliT. sagangaSo mdgomareobaa akakis
saxelobis baRSi, romelic gasxvisebulia da teritoriis didi nawili dakavebulia bazrobiT.
saqarTvelo tyiT mdidari qveyanaa, teritoriis daaxloebiT 40% tyiTaa
dafaruli. tyeebis saerTo farTobi 3006,2 aTasi heqtaria. tyeebis 81%
farTofoTlovania, xolo 19% _ wiwovani. asakobrivi dayofis mixedviT, tyeebis 33,4% saSualo asakisaa, 20,2% _ mozardi, 35,4% _ mwife da gadaberebuli, xolo 11% axalgazrda tyeebia.
saqarTvelos tyis fondis teritoria iyofa sxvadasxva kategoriebad,
kerZod: saxelmwifo tyis fondis dacul teritoriad da saxelmwifo sameurneo tyis fondis teritoriad, romlis farTobi Seadgens 2758,0 aTas heqtars
da dayofilia tyis Semdeg kategoriebad: a) sakurorto zonis tyeebi – 119,4
aT. ha (4,3%); b) mwvane zonis tyeebi – 274,3 aT. ha (9,9%); g) niadagdacviTi
da wyalmaregulirebeli tyeebi _ 2364,3 aT. ha (85,8%).
rac Seexeba tyis fondis tyiT dafaruli miwebis ganawilebas sixSireebis
mixedviT, 2002 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos tyeebis saSualo sixSire 0,54-s
Seadgens da miekuTvneba bonitetis III klass.
26
saqarTvelos tyeebSi merqnis saerTo maragi Seadgens daaxloebiT 451,7
mln. m3 (daculi teritoriebis CaTvliT), anu 5,5 mln. mosaxleobis SemTxvevaSi 90 m3-s erT sul mosaxleze gaangariSebiT. es 3-jer aRemateba analogiur
saSualo evropul maCveneblebs. arsebuli monacemebiT, yovelwliuri namati
Seadgens 3,9 mln. m3-s (erT heqtar tyeze saSualod 1,6 m3).
saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebiT, 2002
wels tyis movliTi Wra ganxorcielda 42393 heqtar farTobze.
satyeo departaments daqvemdebarebul saxelmwifo tyis fondSi ki 2002
wlisaTvis tyekafebi yvela saxis WrebiT gamoyofili iqna 420,1 aTasi m3
moculobiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom tyekafebis gamoyofa ganxorcielda momxmarebelTa investirebiT.
2002 wels xe-tyis Zirze gacema davalebiT gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 736,1
3
aT. m -iT, rac Sesrulebuli iqna 60%-iT (faqti 441,1aT. m3). maT Soris Wris
saxeebis mixedviT: mTavari sargeblobiT xe-tyis gacema Sesrulda 12%-iT
(davaleba 219,7aT. m3, faqti 27,0aT. m3); plantaciuri meurneobiT – 58%
(davaleba 1,2aT. m3, faqti 0,7aT. m3); gavliTi WrebiT – 17% (davaleba 69,6aT.
m3, faqti 11,7aT. m3); gamoxSirviTi WrebiT – 78% (davaleba 10,1aT. m3, faqti
7,9aT. m3); sanitaruli WrebiT – 88% (davaleba 234,8aT. m3, faqti 206,6aT.
m3); specialur WrebiT – 93% (davaleba 200,6aT. m3, faqti 187,0aT. m3).
xe-tyis Zirze gacemis davalebebis Sesrulebis yvelaze dabali maCveneblebi (12% da 17%) modis mTavari sargeblobisa da gavliT Wrebze anu im
obieqtebze, saidanac momxmareblebze merqnuli resursis damagreba gaTvaliswinebulia tyiT sargeblobis satendero komisiis gadawyvetilebiT.
sagangaSo mdgomareobaa saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionSi satyeo meurneobebis sistemaSi ganxorcielebuli ukanono Wrebis moculobisa da saxelmwifoze miyenebuli zaralis mxriv. 2002 wels aRricxuli iqna ukanono Wrebi
sul 53212 m3. samarTaldamcav organoebze gadacemulia 2969 oqmi, saidanac
ganxilulia 1655 oqmi, anu 56%, tyis ukanono WrebiT tyeze miyenebuli ziani
1119,3 aT. laria, saidanac anazRaurebulia mxolod 56,3 aT. lari, anu 4,7%,
rac imas niSnavs, rom tyis ukanono mWrelebi dausjelni rCebian, xolo tyeze
miyenebuli ziani aunazRaurebelia.
alternatiuli energoresursebis naklebobis, mosaxleobis ekonomiuri
mdgomareobis da tyis dacvis samsaxurebis arasaTanado dafinansebiT gamowveuli qmediTunarianobis Sesustebis gamo yovelwliurad aRiniSneba tyis ukanono
Cexva ZiriTadad sawvav masalad gamoyenebis mizniT, rac SeiZleba tyeebis
degradaciis erT-erTi mizezi gaxdes.
aRsaniSnavia, agreTve, rom moZvelebulia xe-tyis damzadebis teqnika da
aRWurviloba, rac Tavis mxriv, garkveul zians ayenebs ara marto tyeebs,
aramed garemosac.
moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo departamentisa da mis sistemaSi myofi organizaciebis erT-erT mTavar funqcias warmoadgens tyeebis dacva mavnebel-daavadebebis, xanZrebisa da
anTropogenuli movlenebisagan (tyeebis fizikuri dacva). Tumca ukanasknel
wlebSi qveyanaSi Seqmnilma mdgomareobam tyis dacvis muSakTa ZiriTad funq27
ciad aqcia tyis fizikuri dacva anTropogenuli faqtorebisagan, kerZod, xetyis ukanono mompoveblebisagan, unebarTvo Zovebisagan da sxva. departamenti,
SesaZleblobis farglebSi, tyeebze uaryofiTi gavlenis mqone anTropogenuli
procesebis SezRudvis mizniT, kerZod, tyis ukanono Wrebis aRmosafxvrelad
da damrRvevTa gamosavlineblad atarebs reidebs, tyeebis gegmiur, sakontrolo da sxva reviziebs, masalebis Semdgomi reagirebisaTvis gadascems Sesabamis
samarTaldamcav organoebs, dakavebuli Tanamdebobidan aTavisuflebs tyis
kanonmdeblobis darRvevaSi mxilebul tyis dacvis muSakebs. 2002 wels tyis
dacvis saqmianobaSi daSvebuli darRvevebisaTvis ganTavisuflda satyeo meurneobis 3 direqtori, 3 mTavari metyeve, 2 tyis dacvis inJineri, 18 satyeos
ufrosi, 16 TanaSemwe, 114 tyis mcveli, sxvadasxva disciplinaruli sasjeli
gatarda tyis dacvis 88 muSakze.
rac Seexeba mavnebel-daavadebebisa da xanZrebisagan tyeebis dacvas, saxelmwifo biujetidan saTanado dafinansebis miuReblobis gamo, aranairi profilaqtikuri RonisZieba ar ganxorcielebula. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnuli
RonisZiebebis gatareba sagrZnoblad Seamcirebda mavnebel-daavadebebs, xanZrebs
da maT mier tyeze miyenebul zians, romelic sakmaod mniSvnelovania 2002
wels dafiqsirda tyis xanZris 35 SemTxveva, xanZargavlilma farTobebma
Seadgina 606 ha, xolo tyeze miyenebulma zaralma _ 49700 lari.
tyeebis dacvas ukanono xelyofisagan arTulebs isic, rom tyis dacvis
muSakTa ricxovnoba, aRniSnul sferoSi kadrebis saerTo Semcirebis ganxorcielebis Sedegad, ramdenjerme Semcirda. saqarTvelos satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo departamentis sistemis satyeo meurneobebSi erT tyis mcvels, romelic aranormirebuli samuSao dRis pirobebSi ar aris uzrunvelyofili transportiT, formis tansacmliT, iaraRiTa da kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebiT,
dasacavad mimagrebuli aqvs 1500-2000 heqtari tye.
miuxedavad imisa, rom tyis resursebi ganaxlebad bunebriv resursebs
miekuTvneba, isini mainc ar SeiZleba amouwuravad CaiTvalos, amitom tyeebis
gaSeneba da aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis ganxorcieleba adamianis gonivruli Carevis
gareSe praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. 2002 wels tyis aRdgenis samuSaoebi saqarTvelos satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo departamentis teritoriuli satyeo
meurneobebis mier Catarebulia 298,5ha farTobze, maT Soris tyis kulturebi
gaSenda 63,5ha farTobze, xolo bunebrivi ganaxlebis xelSewyobis RonisZiebebi Catarda 235,0ha farTobze. aRniSnuli samuSaoebi satyeo meurneobebis mier
sakuTari ZalebiT (dafinansebis gareSe) ganxorcielda saqarTvelos prezidentis 1996 wlis 16 dekembris #604 brZanebulebis Sesabamisad.
unda aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom saqarTveloSi tyis resursebi 4 uwyebis
mflobelobaSia, maT Soris saqarTvelos satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo
departamentis daqvemdebarebaSi 2456,1 aTasi heqtari, anu tyis fondis miwebis
82,4%-i. tyeebis erTmflobelobaSi moqceva mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesebda maT
dacvas.
28
Tavi 6
cxovelTa samyaro
2002 wlis erovnul moxsenebaSi warmodgenili masala saqarTvelos
teritoriaze mobinadre cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb moicavs maT saerTo
mdgomareobas, gavrcelebis areals, raodenobriv da Tvisobriv cvlilebebs,
cvlilebaTa mizezebs, mdgomareobaTa gasaumjobesebel RonisZiebebs.
Seswavlili masalebidan gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo fitoplanqtons, zooplanqtons, zoobenToss (kibosnairebidan Savi zRvisaTvis axal
saxeobas), obobebs, qerclfrTianebs, sifrifanafrTianebs, mtknari da Savi
zRvis Tevzebs, amfibiebs, reptiliebs, ZuZumwovrebs da frinvelebs.
teqstSi saxeobaTa dasaxelebebi ZiriTadad moyvanilia laTinurad.
fitoplanqtoni Savi zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleT raionSi gansxvavdeba
sezonuri SemadgenlobiT da gamoirCeva dominanturi jgufis simravliT. ZiriTadad fitoplanqtoni Tavmoyrilia wylis 10m siRrmis horizontSi, ufro
Rrmad fitoplanqtonis biomasas qmnis peridineebisa da diatomebis didi zomis
formebi.
zooplanqtoni wylis ekosistemis SedarebiT mobilur elements warmoadgens. misi mdgomareoba uSualodaa damokidebuli sxvadasxva biotur da abiotur faqtorebze. bolo aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda
zooplanqtonze anTropogenuri zemoqmedeba. zooplanqtonis formirebaSi srulad aisaxeba zRvis biotopis Taviseburebani. amitom zooplanqtonis monitoringi zRvis garemos kompleqsuri monitoringis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
elementia.
ZiriTadad zooplanqtonidan gavrcelebulia Semdegi rva saxeoba: Acartia
clausi giesbr, Oitonana giesbr., Paracalanus parvus glans, Pseudocalanus elong, Oitonana
similis glans, Herpacticidae g.sp., Centropages kroeri giesbr., Nauplii copepoda.
zoobenTosi saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiros ekosistemis yvelaze
kargad Seswavlili komponentia. fskeridan mopovebul nimuSebSi gamovlenilia
zoobenTosis SemadgenlobaSi Semavali 128 saxeoba, romlebic Semdeg jgufebSi
erTiandeba: poliqetebi _ 60 saxeoba, moluskebi _ 42 saxeoba, kibosnairebi _
19 saxeoba da sxva 7 saxeoba.
bolo wlebis monacemebiT yuradsaRebia Sav zRvaSi gavrcelebuli axali
saxeoba _ amerikuli cisferi kiborCxala (Calinestes sapidus Ratkbum). igi
amerikaSi iTvleba Zvirfas sakveb produqtad. 9 wlis win foTsa da baTumSi
mecnierebis mier (SaverdaSvili, ninua 1992) daWerili iqna misi mwarmoeblebi
(ΕΓ), romelTac milionamde qviriTi aRmoaCndaT. 2000-2002 wlebSi q. foTSi
sanapiroze Casadgmel badeebze 1m2-ze gaxlarTuli aRmoCnda am saxeobis
axalgazrda Taobis 1000-mde egzemplari. saWiroa am saxeobis kiborCxalis
ufro detaluri Seswavla. gamoricxuli ar aris, rom amerikuli cisferi
kiborCxala saqarTvelos wylebSic gaxdes sarewao obieqti.
obobebs (Aranei) uxerxemlo cxovelTa Soris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
adgili ukavia. cxovelTa es jgufi saqarTvelos faunis gansakuTrebuli
nawilia da sakmao nairgvarobiT gamoirCeva.
29
saqarTvelos teritoriaze registrirebulia obobebis 362 saxeoba,
romlebic erTiandebian 166 gvarsa da 27 ojaxSi. saqarTvelos faunisaTvis
pirvelad aRniSnulia obobebis 226 saxeoba, xolo 34 saxeoba da 3 qvesaxeoba
axalia mecnierebisaTvis.
obobebis rig saxeobebs garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs Caisa da
citrusovanTa mavne mwerebis masobrivi formebis SezRudvis saqmeSi. am mxriv
gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos Agelena taurica, Agelena labyrithica, Araneus
diadematus, Argiope bruennichi da sxva.
bolo wlebSi obobebi aRmoCenilia wiwvovan mcenareTa qerqis qveS, iq
sadac Cveulebriv Tavs iyrian lafanWamiebis matlebi da xerxiebi. am SemTxvevaSi obobebi maT bunebriv mtrebs warmoadgenen.
aRsaniSnavia saqarTveloSi Sxamiani obobebis yarayurtisa (Latrodectus
Tredecimguttatus) da tarantulis gavrceleba. yarayurtis gavrceleba saqarTveloSi pirvelad dadgenili iqna gorSi, kvernakis samxreT ferdobze, aseve
aspinZaSi 1200 metr simaRleze subalpur saZovrebze. rusuli tarantuli
“mgel-oboba” (Lycosa singoriensis) gvxvdeba Tbilisis zRvis midamoebSi, xolo
Lycosa vultuosa gvxvdeba kus tbis midamoebSi.
rigi peplebi, qerclfrTianebi (Lepidoptera) _ yuradRebas iqceven Tavisi
mravalricxovnobiT (100000-ze meti saxeoba), ris gamoc mniSvnelovan rols
asruleben zogadbiologiuri procesebis daregulirebis saqmeSi. dReisaTvis
msxvili peplebis (Macrolepidoptera) 31 ojaxidan saqarTveloSi aRricxulia
2000-mde saxeoba, maT Soris mravali endemi, reliqti da iSviaTi saxeobaa.
aRsaniSnavia, rom peplebs Soris aris rogorc sasargeblo (abreSumis Wia,
specialuri dammtverianeblebi), aseve mavne (uaryofiTi sameurneo mniSvnelobis) Ramis saxeobebi, romelTa masobrivi gamravleba did zarals ayenebs
qveynis ekonomikas (mRrRneli xvatarebi, cqvlefia da mezamTre mzomela).
sifrifanafrTianebis rigi sayuradReboa saxeobaTa mravalricxovnebiT.
maTgan aRsaniSnavia zeojaxi futkrisnairebi (Apoidea). am zeojaxidan saqarTveloSi gvxvdeba 298 saxeoba.
futkrisnairebi sasargeblo mwerTa jgufs miekuTvneba. isini jvaredini
dammtverianeblebia, rogorc velurad mozard, ise kulturul mcenareTa
yvavilebisa.
saqarTveloSi futkrisnairTa faunaSi aRiniSneba rogorc endemebi, aseve
evropuli, Sua aziuri, yazaxuri, iranuli warmoSobis saxeobebi. xmelTaSuazRviseuli _ saqarTveloSi 10 saxeobaa warmodgenili, aRmosavlur evropulyazaxuri 6 saxeobiT, amierkavkasiur-Suaaziuri 6 saxeobiT, iranul-Suaaziuri
ki 1 saxeoba.
saqarTvelos mtknar wylebSi gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 100-mde saxeoba.
amaTgan kaspiis zRvis auzSi binadrobs 29 saxeoba, romelTagan 17 gvxvdeba
Savi zRvis auzSic. 12 adgilobrivi saxeoba gvxvdeba mtkvris auzSi. garda
adgilobrivi formebisa saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia 9 introducirebuli
saxeoba, 2 maTgani tbebsa da wyalsatevebSi gvxvdeba saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze, xolo danarCeni _ 7 aRmosavleT saqarTveloSia gavrcelebuli.
regionis mixedviT SeiZleba gamoiyos Semdegi ekonomikurad mniSvnelovani
saxeobebi: md. mtkvris xeobidan xramuli – Varicorhinus capoëta (Güldenstädt),
30
barbusebi _ Barbus tauricus escherichi Steindachner; B. lacerta cyri Filippi; B. capito
(Güldenstadt), B. mursa (Güldenstadt); kobri (goWa) _ Cyprinus carpio L.; md.
alaznidan Cveulebrivi loqo _ Silurus glanis L.; md. rionidan – Cveulebrivi
loqo Silurus glanis L., kefalebi _ Mugil aurtatus Risso, M. so-iuy Basilewsky; Savi
zRvis zuTxisnairTa xuTive saxeoba: Huso huso (L.), Acipenser sturio L., A.
güldenstadti colchicus V. Marti, A. nudiventris Lovetzky, A. stellatus Pallas; qaSayebi _
Alosa spp., kobri (goWa) _ Cyprinus carpio L., kaparWina _ Abramis brama L;
jandaris, kumisisa da samxreT-aRmosavleTis sxva tbebidan kobri (goWa) _
Cyprinus carpio Linne, Cveulebrivi sqelSubla _ Hypophtalmichthys molitrix
(Valensiennes), TeTri amuri _ Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valensiennes).
saqarTvelos wyalsatevebSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli introducirebuli
karasi (Carassius carassius), romelic uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens adgilobriv
saxeobebze.
mtknari wylis Tevzebis mravalferovnebis Semcireba ZiriTadad gamowveulia wylis dabinZurebisa da aralegaluri TevzWeriT.
saqarTvelos Savi zRvis iqTiofauna metad Taviseburi da mravalferovania, rac ganisazRvreba sanapiro zolis zoogeografiuli, wylis bioqimiuri da
zRvis fskeris biocenozis TaviseburebebiT. am nawilSi binadrobs da zamTrobs
Savi zRvis TiTqmis yvela saxeoba rogorc Tevzis, aseve uxerxemlo
cxovelebis.
Sav zRvaSi dReisaTvis binadrobs Tevzis 180-mde saxeoba, aqedan 112
saxeoba xmelTaSua zRvidanaa Semosuli, 37 ki mtknari wylis Tevzebia.
Savi zRvis saqarTvelos sanapiro zolSi ganlagebulia 3 produqtiuli
TavTxeli: baTumis, foTi-anakliisa da gudauTa-oCamCiris. warsulSi samive
TavTxeli ganTqmuli iyo Tevzis raodenobrivi da Tvisobrivi mravalferovnebiT.
baTumis TavTxelSi Warbobda zRvis lokaluri saxeobebi. dReisaTvis igi
saxeobrivad gaRaribda da sarewao Tevzebidan Semoifargla qafSiiT. wina
wlebTan SedarebiT Zalian mcire raodenobiT iWeren Sprots, xonTqaras,
kambala-kalkans, merlangs, katrans. arasarewao Tevzebidan gvxvdeba: zRvis
zRarbi, mela, kata, Zroxa, mwvanula (iSviaTad), Rorjoebi, mercxala da sxva.
foTi-anakliis TavTxeli SedarebiT ukeTes mdgomareobaSia, rogorc
saxeobrivi, ise raodenobrivi da Tvisobrivi SemadgenlobiT. aq binadrobs,
nasuqobs da zamTrobs TiTqmis yvela sarewao da arasarewao Tevzi: zuTxisnairni (5 saxeoba), oraguli, stavrida, kefali (2 saxeoba), skumbria, qafSia,
gorbila (2 saxeoba), kambala (2 saxeoba), qacviani zvigeni – katrani, Sproti,
xonTqara da sxva. es raioni aseve mdidaria mcenareebiTa da uxerxemlo
cxovelebiT (moluskebi, Rortavebi, balanusebi, qironomidebi, kibosnairebi da
sxva), rac bunebriv sakvebs warmoadgens aq gavrcelebuli iqTiofaunisaTvis.
aqac TiTqmis yvela saxeobam dakarga saxelmwifosaTvis sarewao mniSvneloba.
gamonaklisia qafSia, nawilobriv merlangi, gorbili, kambala, xonTqara da
kefali, romelTa raodenobrivi maCveneblebi wina wlebTan SedarebiT Zlier
Semcirda.
gudauTa-oCamCiris TavTxelze bolo wlebis monacemebi ar arsebobs. igi
xamanwkebis, kibosnairebis da moluskebis biotopia.
31
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia amfibiebis (Amphibia) 13 saxeoba: 9 ukudo
(Anura) da 4 kudiani (Urodela).
saqarTvelos wiTel wignSi Setanilia amfibiaTa Semdegi saxeobebi: kavkasiuri salamandra (Mertensiella cavcasica), mcireaziuri tritoni (Triturus
vittatus ophriticus) da kavkasiuri jvriana (Pelodates caucasicus). dReisaTvis maT
populaciebs safrTxe ar emuqreba.
amfibiaTa saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovan habitats warmoadgens mTlianad kolxeTis tyeebi. garda amisa, gansakuTrebiT Tavisebur habitats warmoadgens gardabnis veli da ioris qvedaweli. lagodexis
nakrZali, borjomis xeoba da mesxeTis qedis dasavleTi nawili, baTumis
midamoebi.
reptiliebi (Reptilia) _ saqarTvelos reptiliebis umetesoba ekuTvnis,
aRmosavleT xmelTaSuazRvispireTis regions. saqarTvelos teritoriaze
gavrcelebulia sul cota 54 saxeoba. maT Sorisaa sami saxeobis ku (ori
ojaxis sami gvari); 28 saxeobis xvliki (6 ojaxis 10 gvari) da 23 saxeobis
gveli (4 ojaxis 10 gvari).
reptiliebis mravalferovnebis Semcirebis procesi yvelaze metad
samxreT-aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi SeiniSneba. reptiliebis xmelTaSua-zRvispireTis kompleqsma nel-nela samxreT-aRmosavleTisaken gadainacvla. ramdenime
saxeobis reptiliis areali, mag. Daboia lebetina, Eumeces schneideri da sxva –
10-15 wlis win Tbiliss uaxlovdeboda, axla ki arealebi samxreTiskenaa
gadanacvlebuli. amis ZiriTadi mizezi habitatebis degradaciaa, Tumca mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT arealis periferiis fenomenic.
wvrili ZuZumwovrebi. saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia wvrili ZuZumwovrebis 4 rigis 79 saxeoba: mweriWamiebi 10 saxeoba; xelfrTianebi 29 saxeoba,
mRrRnelebi 39 saxeoba, kurdRlisnairebis 1 saxeoba.
dReisaTvis yvelaze kargad Seswavlilia iseTi mRrRnelebi, rogorebic
arian velisa da saxlis Tagvi, tyis Tagvebi, amierkavkasiuri zazuna, aseve
sazogadoebrivi da Cveulebrivi memindvriebi. mweriWamiebidan Seswavlilia
kbilTeTrebi da bigebi.
mcire an izolirebuli subpopulaciebidan aRsaniSnavia wiTuri memindvria
(Clerthrionomys glareolus) mesxeTis qedis subpopulacia, romelic kavkasiaSi
cnobili erTaderTi subpopulaciaa; amierkavkasiuri zazuna (Meocricetus
brandti) Sida qarTlis subpopulacia. amJamad Semcirebulia raodenobrivad da
teritoriulad izolirebulia samxreT saqarTvelos ZiriTadi arealisagan.
promeTes memindvria (Prometheomys schaposchnikovi) mesxeTis qedis subpopulacia izolirebulia didi kavkasionis ZiriTadi populaciisagan da jer kidev
80-ian wlebSi gadaSenda. nutriis (Myocastor coypus) _ md. mtkvris subpopulacia, romlebic intensiuri anTropogenuri zemoqmedebis gamo Zireulad transformirdeba, neringis brucas (Nannospalax nehringi) saqarTvelos subpopulacias saxeobis msoflio arealis ukiduresi CrdiloeTi nawili ukavia. igi
javaxeTis zeganis kultivirebul teritoriebze binadrobs da praqtikulad
nadgurdeba fermerebis mier rogorc soflis meurneobis mavnebeli, imier
kavkasiuri zazunas (Mesocricetus raddei) gavrcelebis areali saqarTvelos mxo-
32
lod mcire nawils moicavs. igi gvxvdeba didi kavkasionis CrdiloeT ferdobze, piriqiTa xevsureTis maRal mTianeTSi.
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia msxvili ZuZumwovrebis 3 rigis 30 saxeoba
(mtaceblebi, wyvilCliqosnebi, veSapisnairebi).
ukanaskneli 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos faunis mtaceblebisa da
Cliqosnebis ricxovnoba saSualod 60%-iT daeca. faunis warmomadgenelTa da
maTi saarsebo garemos dRes arsebuli mdgomareoba SeiZleba Sefasdes, rogorc
ekologiuri katastrofis winaSe myofi. amas ganapirobebs ori ZiriTadi
mizezi: katastroful doneze miRweuli brakonieroba da adamianis mier cxovelTa saarsebo garemos mospoba (tyis ukanono Cexva).
ricxovnobis klebis fonze ganviTarda kidev erTi, metad arasasurveli
procesi _ saxeobaTa arealis fragmentireba. aRniSnulis garda mTlianad
Sewyda migraciis procesi suramis qedze, romelic erTerTi umniSvnelovanesi
damakavSirebeli gzaa saqarTvelos faunis warmomadgenelTa CrdiloeTisa da
samxreTis subpopulaciebs Soris.
samwuxarod araviTari mniSvnelovani praqtikuli RonisZieba ar tardeba
brakonierobis aRsakveTad. movlenebis SemdgomSic aseTive ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi, 3-4 wlis ganmavlobaSi, saqarTvelo sabolood dakargavs veluri msxvili ZuZumwovrebis 50-60%-s.
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia frinvelebis 300-mde saxeoba. aseTi mcire
teritoriis qveynisaTvis es sakmaod maRali maCvenebelia. frinvelTa saxeobebis
mravalferovneba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia mravali tipis ekosistema, dawyebuli maRali mTebiT da damTavrebuli subtropikebiTa da ariduli zonebiT. am 300 saxeobidan daaxloebiT naxevari migrirebad
saxeobebs warmoadgenen, romelTaTvisac mniSvnelovan dasasvenebel da dasazamTrebel adgils warmoadgens kolxeTis dablobi (sanapiro zolisa da
paliastomis tbis CaTvliT) da javaxeTis zeganis tbebis sistema. savaraudoa,
rom migraciis dros am midamoebSi 100-ze meti saxeobis frinveli mofrinavs.
mravali migrirebadi saxeoba Setanilia migrirebadi saxeobebis dacvis konvenciis (CMS – bonis konvencia) da II danarTSi da afroevraziuli migrirebadi
wylis frinvelebis dacvis (AEWA) SeTanxmebaSi.
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia bunebis dacvis msoflio kavSiris wiTel
wignSi (IUCN Red List,1996) Setanili 12 saxeoba, 52 saxeoba safrTxis winaSe
imyofeba, romelTaganac 8 kritikuli safrTxis winaSea (kategoria CR) da 11
gadaSenebis piras imyofeba (kategoria EN). maTi dacvisa da aRdgenisaTvis specialuri zomebis miRebaa saWiro, maT Soris ex-situ konservaciisa da reintroduqciis CaTvliT.
frinvelTa mravali saxeoba (Galiformes, Anseriformes da sxva) unebarTvo
nadirobis obieqts warmoadgens da am mxriv isini garkveuli safrTxis winaSe
imyofebian. maTi dacvisa da mdgradi gamoyenebisaTvis aucilebelia daculi
teritoriebis da samonadireo meurneobebis Camoyalibeba.
saqarTvelos obobebis saerTo raodenobidan gamoiyofa 5 kosmopolituri
da 63 endemuri saxeoba. maT Soris saqarTvelos endemebia – 47 saxeoba, kavkasiis – 12, xolo 4 amierkavkasiis. endemizmis didi procentiT gamoirCeva
33
ojaxebi: Dipluridae _ 3 saxeoba, Disderidae _ 15 saxeoba, Lycosidae _ 9 saxeoba,
Nesticidae _ 4 saxeoba, Thomisidae _ 12 saxeoba.
saqarTvelos futkrisnairTa endemebi, maTi gavrcelebis landSaftebis
mixedviT Semdegnairad SeiZleba davajgufoT: subalpur mdeloebze _ Panurginus altocola, Rhophites caucasicus; naxevarudabnoebSi, velebze, mTis qserofitul
adgilebSi _ Panurginus punctiventris, Halictus truncaticollis, Tetralonia vicina; aridul naTel tyeebSi _ Anthophora astragali, Anthophora robusta. subalpur da
alpur mdeloebSize Bombus simulatilis, Bombus velox, Bombus albopauperatus,
tyis zonaSi _ Bombus rehbinderi. CamoTvlil endemebs sxvadasxva kategoria
SeiZleba mivaniWoT _ zogierTi iSviaTia, zogic SedarebiT mravalricxovani;
Tumca naTelia, rom TiTqmis yvela dacvas saWiroebs.
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli peplebis (Lepidoptera) saxeobebis 30%
reliqtebi, endemebi, subendemebi, samecniero Tu esTetikuri mniSvnelobis
iSviaTi warmomadgenlebia. maTgan Papilionidae-s ojaxidan, saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli Svidive saxeoba Setanili iyo sabWoTa kavSiris wiTel wignSi,
maTgan 2 endemia Parnassius nordmanni da Allancastria caucasica. saqarTvelos
mTebis subalpur da alpur mdeloebidan aRwerilia Paplio machaon kavkasiuri
forma ssp. rustaveli, romelic nominanturi saxeobisagan vizualurad zomis
SedarebiT simciriT, mkveTri konturebiT da Savi nafifqis siWarbiT gamoirCeva. Prnassius apollo, romelsac 1996 wels bunebis dacvis msoflio kavSiris
wiTeli nusxis mixedviT miniWebuli aqvs kategoria _ mowyvladi. aqedan saqarTveloSi 2 qvesaxeobaa warmodgenili ssp.svaneticus (didi kavkasioni) da ssp.
caucasicus (mcire kavkasioni).
Pieridaes-s ojaxidan sabWoTa kavSiris wiTel wignSi Setanili iyo 5
saxeoba. maTgan kavkasiis endemia Colias caucasica, xolo amierkavkasiis _
Anthocharis gruneri.
ojaxis Satyridae warmomadgenlebidan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs Erebia hewistoni. saxeoba aWaris mTebidan aris aRwerili da dRemde saqarTvelos endemad iTvleba. am ojaxidan sabWoTa kavSiris wiTel wignSi Setanili iyo meore iSviaTi saxeoba _ iranis endemi (E. iranica), romelic saqarTveloSi ori endemuri qvesaxeobiT gvevlineba, esenia: ssp. caucasica (didi kavkasioni) da ssp.transcaucasica (mcire kavkasioni).
Lycaenidae-s ojaxidan sabWoTa kavSiris wiTel wignSi saqarTveloSi
gavrcelebuli 4 saxeoba iyo Sesuli. maTgan endemia Tomares romanovi; am jgufidan iSviaTobas warmoadgens da lokaluri gavrcelebiT xasiaTdeba amierkavkasiis subendemi seudothecla ledereri.
Ramis peplebidan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs miocenidan (mesameuli periodi) SemorCenili ”cocxali namarxi” _ reliqti Brahmaea ledereri
(ojaxiBBrahmaeidae). sabWoTa kavSiris wiTel wignSi pirveli kategoriiT iyo
Setanili. kavkasiis endemuri saxeoba Phasus schamuli, romelmac Brahmaea-sgan
gansaxvavebiT ara Tu Seimcira areali, aramed gaifarTova kidec da dReisaTvis
kavkasiis yelis mTeli Savi zRvispireTi daikava.
Saturniidae-s uZvelesi ojaxi saqarTveloSi 5 saxeobiTaa warmodgenili.
sabWoTa kavSiris wiTel wignSi Sesuli iyo mxolod erTi _ Eudia pavonia.
34
amave ojaxidan gansakuTrebulad unda aRiniSnos amierkavkasiis endemuri da
metad iSviaTi warmomadgeneli Saturnia cephalaria.
mecnieruli da istoriuli TvalsazrisiT saintereso jgufs warmoadgens
ojaxi Sphingidae. saqarTveloSi aRricxul 26 saxeobidan sabWoTa kavSiris
wiTel wignSi Setanili iyo 4, amaTgan endemuria Rethera komarovi.
Arctiidae-s ojaxidan Axiopoena maura warmoadgens reliqts, imagos adgil
samyofeli Savi zRvispireTis kirqviani mRvimeebia, xolo mTian mdeloebze
farTod aris gavrcelebuli kavkasiuri qvesaxeoba Parasemia plantaginis
caucasica.
Noctuidae _s mravalricxovani ojaxidan (saqarTveloSi 480 saxeoba) sabWoTa kavSiris wiTel wignSi Sesulia sami. maT Soris gansakuTrebul gafrTxilebas moiTxovs aRmosavleT-Tetisuri, stepebisa da naxevarudabnoebis
binadari Chirides delphinini. matad Semcirebulia Aedophron rhodites; CvenSi iSviaTobaa nemoraluri Cuculia argentea da sxva. Lasiocampidae-s ojaxidan gamovyofdiT xmelTaSuazRviur reliqts Pashypasa otus. Orgyidie-s ojaxidan aRsaniSnavia
amierkavkasiis subendemebi: Orgyia Ochrolymbata da Ocneria reddei. ojax
Lemoniidae Lemonia balcanica ssp. vashovani, vaSlovanis nakrZalidan. iSviaTobaa:
Amictoides eldarica, Aspilaes smirnovi da sxva mravali.
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli Tevzebi Seicaven iseT saxeobebs, romlebic
endemizmis gansxvavebuli kategoriebiT xasiaTdebian _ mkveTrad gamoxatuli
endemuri saxeobebidan iseTi saxeobebis CaTvliT, romlebic msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeebSiac aris gavrcelebuli.
kavkasiuri endemebis raodenoba aRwevs 23%, aSkarad endemuri saxeobebidan unda gamoiyos Semdegi: Leuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler) _ kavkasiuri qaSapis
monaTesave forma juja qaSapi, Alosa caspia paleostomi (Sadowsky) _ paliastomis qaSayi, Chondrostoma colchicum (Kessler) Derjugin _ kolxuri tobi,
Varicorhinus sieboldi (Steindachner) _ kolxuri xramuli, Barbus mursa
(Guldenstadt) _ murwa (cimori), Chalcalburnus chalcoides derjugini (Berg) –
Trisa, Samaia,
Alburnus charusini hohenackeri (Kessler) _ amierkavkasiuri
TaRliTa, Blicca bjoerkna (Linne) _ blika, Nemachilus angorae Steindachner _
angoruli goWala.
sainteresoa wveras sxvadasxva saxeobebis sakontaqto zonebis arseboba
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mdinareebis wylebSi. magaliTad, wveras sxvadasxva
saxeobebis (Barbus lacerta cyri Fillipi, B. cäpito (Güldenstädt) SesaZlo sakontaqto
adgilebi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mdinareebze hesebis aSenebis Semdeg ukve
SemCneulia sxvadasxva gardamavali formis warmoqmna.
kalmaxisnairebidan (Salmonidae) dasavleT saqarTvelos mdinareebSi binadrobs ori populacia: maRali mTis da Sua mTis.
didi Sidasaxeobrivi cvalebadobiT xasiaTdeba aseve kavkasiuri qaSapi –
Leuciscus cephalus orientalis Nordmann. mdinareebis zemo Cqar dinebebSi, dabali
temperaturis pirobebSi gvxvdeba qaSapis tipiuri qvesaxeoba, xolo ufro
qveviT binadrobs misi meore qvesaxeoba (rionis monakveTi – samtrediis raionSi, sufsis qvemo dineba). morfologiuri niSan-Tvisebebis Sedareba miuTiTebs
kidev ramodenime gardamavali variantis arsebobas, rac aqtiuri saxeobaTwarmoqmnis ucilobeli pirobaa.
35
rionsa da mis SenakadebSi gavrcelebulia endemizmis sxvadasxva doneebze
mdgari saxeobebi. morevis nafota _ Rutilus Friss (Nordmann) (rionisa da
cxeniswylis SesarTavebi), kolxuri tobi _ Chondrostoma colchicus cäpoeta
(Güldenstädt), kolxuri xramuli _ Varicorhinus sieboldi (Steindachner), wveras
erT-erTi qvesaxeoba – Barbus tauricus lscherichi (Steindachner) da Rorjos erTerTi qvesaxeoba warmoadgenen kolxur endemebs. eqvsi saxeoba mdinare mtkvris
endemia: Chondrostoma cyri Kessler – mtkvris tobi, Gobio persa (Gunther)_
mtkvris cimori (fetvia, RomRoma, CoCia), Varicorhinus cäpoeta (Güldenstädt) _
xramuli, lurja, kapoeta. Barbus lacerta cyri filippi – mtkvris wvera, B. mursa
(Güldenstädt) _ murwa, Namachilus brandti kessler _ mtkvris goWala. kidev ori
saxeoba Barbus mursa (Güldenstädt) da Alburnus filippi kessler aris kavkasiuri
endemi.
zRvis saxeobis endemizmis zogadi modelebi, rogorc wesi ar arsebobs.
maT umravlesobas gaaCnia Sida wylebis formebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT didi
gavrcelebis areali, rac damokidebulia sicocxlis ciklze. aseTia 9 saxeoba:
Alosa caspia paleostomi (Sadowsky) _ paliastomis qaSayi, Alosa kessler pontica var
_ qaSayi, Engraulis engrasicholus ponticus Aleksandrov _ Savi zRvis qafSia,
Benthophilus stellatus (Sauvage) _ varskvlavTmricxveli Tavkombala, Pomatoschistus microps leopardinus (Nordmann) – Rorjo, Pomatoschistus caucasicus
(Kawrajsky) Berg – kavkasiuri pomatoSisti, Knipowitschia londicaudata (Kessler)
– knipoviCis kaWkaWa, Rorjo, Arnoglossus Kessleri Schmidt _ Savi zRvis kalkani, Syngnathus schmidti Popov – pelagiuri nemsTevza.
gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe myofi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani saxeobebia
zuTxisnairni, Savi zRvis oraguli da mdinaris kalmaxi.
Savi zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi gavrcelebulia zuTxisnairTa 5
saxeoba: atlanturi zuTxi, foronji _ Acipenser sturio Linne, rusuli zuTxis
kolxuri qvesaxeoba _ Acipenser guldenstadti colchicus V. Marti, jarRala, foreji
_ Acipenser nudiventris Lovetzky, taraRana _ Acipenser stellatus Pallas da svia –
Huso huso (Linne).
gvxvdeba agreTve, sparsuli zuTxis qvesaxeoba _ Acipenser Güldenstädti
persicus. kolxuri zuTxisagan gansxvavdeba feriT da zogierTi morfometriuli monacemebiT.
zuTxisnairTa Tevzebs Soris gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva foronji _
Acipenser sturio Linne.
60-70-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos wylebSi foronjis mwarmoeblebis raodenoba 1000 egzemplars ar aRemateboda, 80-ian wlebSi ki 100 egzemplaramde
Semcirda. jer kidev 1986 wlamde foronji warmodgenili iyo metnaklebad
asakis yvela kategoriiT, (1-dan 20 wlamde), 80-ian wlebSi samecniero kvlevebisaTvis Catarebul sakontrolo Werebis dros moxvedril zuTxisnairTa
Soris igi 40-45%-s Seadgenda. dReisaTvis igi gadaSenabulad unda CaiTvalos,
Tu ar CavTvliT im faqts rom garemos dacvis institutis TanamSromlebis
mier 1999 wels md. rionis SesarTavTan daWeril iqna foronjis mamali,
zomiT 142sm. sqesobrivi simwifis me-4 stadiaze. 2002 wels saqzRvaeksis mier
2 egzemplari (zomebi ucnobia).
36
foronji Setanili iyo sabWoTa kavSiris, saqarTvelos ssr wiTel wignSi, agreTve yvela evropuli qveynebis wiTel wignebSi da vaSingtonis saxeobebis pirvel konvenciis danarTSi.
mzaddeba saqarTvelos cxovelTa samyaros wiTeli nusxa, sadac Setanili
iqneba aseve kolxuri zuTxi da jarRala.
rusuli zuTxis kolxuri qvesaxeoba – Acipenser Güldenstädti colchicus V.
Marti. gasamravleblad Sedis umTavresad md. rionSi, gvxvdeba samtrediamde,
Sedis cxeniswyalSic, iSviaTad md. engurSi.
Savi zRvis saqarTvelos sanapiro zolSi gavrcelebul zuTxisnairTa
xelovnuri aRwarmoebis gziT restokingis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebisa da
bunebrivi tofobis mdgomareobis Seswavlis mizniT 1999 wlidan garemos
dacvis institutis iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras myofi Tevzis saxeobaTa
aRwarmoebis ganyofilebis mier tardeba xelovnuri aRwarmoebis eqsperimenti
rusuli zuTxis kolxur qvesaxeobaze. Catarda bioteqnologiuri samuSaoebis
mTliani cikli, gamozrdili da md. rionSi gaSvebuli iqna sicocxlisunariani
117000-ze meti kolxuri zuTxis lifsita, zomiT 15-16sm, woniT 5-6gr.
yovelwliurad paralelurad Catardeba md. rionis zuTxisnairTa bunebrivi aRwarmoebis aRricxva. dReisaTvis unda iTqvas ,rom kolxuri zuTxis bunebrivi aRwarmoeba dakmayofilebulia.
jarRala _ Acipenser nudiventris Lovetzky _ cnobilia XIX saukunidan
rogorc gamsvleli forma, ise mkvidri mtknari wylis forma. bolo wlebSi
xSiria jarRalas mozardi Taobis 50-sm-mde individebis mopovebis Sedegebi.
maragi sagrZnoblad Semcirebulia.
taraRana _ Acipenser stellatus Pallas, sxva zuTxisnairebTan SedarebiT ufro
mravalricxovania, Savi zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi warmodgenilia
sxvadasxva asakis da zomis individebiT.
svia _ Huso huso Linne. Savi zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleTSi gavrcelebuli
svia miekuTvneba Savi zRvis kavkasiur xeobas. svia Savi zRvis kavkasiis
sanapiro zolSi gasamravleblad Soreul warsulSi Sedioda md. rionSi,
xobSi, engurSi, kodorSi, bzifSi, RaliZgaSi, fsouSi. dReisaTvis misi maragis
70% tofobisaTvis Sedis md. rionSi.
cxrili 1
2002w. foTi-anakliis teritoriaze ukanono WeriT mopovebuli
zuTxisnairTa asaki da zomebi
asaki
svia
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
2
30,0
50,9
72,0
98,8
114,5
_
kolxuri
zuTxi
3
15,3
27,9
40,2
60,9
79,0
91,5
37
taraRana
jarRala
4
10,1
16,5
25,9
37,0
46,5
58,0
5
_
_
28,9
_
_
58,0
1
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
2
_
160,5
169,5
175,0
_
_
_
195,0
_
3
99,9
111,0
_
_
_
134,0
137,0
145,0
149,0
4
_
_
80,0
92,2
101,1
_
_
110,5
_
5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
saqarTvelos wylebSi oragulisebrTa (Salmonidae) ojaxidan gavrcelebulia Savi zRvis oraguli _ Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, kalmaxi Salmo fario Linne,
(mdinareebsa da tbebSi), cisartyela kalmaxi _ Salmo irideus Gibbons (satbore
meurneobebSi, wyalsacavebSi). rewvis TvalsazrisiT am ojaxs didi mniSvneloba
aqvs, magram SidawyalsacavebSi da Sav zRvaSi misi maragi ukiduresad Semcirebuli da aramdgradia.
Tanamedrove pirobebSi maTi raodenobrivi Semcirebis upirveles mizezad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos hidroteqnikur nagebobaTa mSenebloba, rac xels uSlis
zRvidan oragulis Semosvlas mdinareSi da oragulad qceuli kalmaxebis
dagorebas zRvaSi.
bolo wlebSi Seswavlili masalebidan SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom
qveynis ekosistemebidan gaqra iqTiofaunis bevri saxeoba, danarCenmac dakarga
saxeobaTa genetikuri mravalferovneba, rac gamoiwvevs mTeli rigi populaciebis ganadgurebas.
aRsaniSnavia, agreTve, 2000-2002 wlebSi (ivliss-agvisto-seqtemberi)
foTSi bazrebi savse iyo qviriTiani TevzebiT. sadac iyideba Savi zRvis yvela
saxeobis Tevzi, maT Soris akrZaluli saxeobebi _ akrZaluli zomebiT. Cvens
mier dafiqsirebuli iqna zuTxisnairTa moumwifebeli (15-27-30 _ 50-80,100
sm-iani) da satofed gamzadebuli egzemplarebis gayidva (140-149 sm). aseve
qviriTiani scienas _ 92 sm, kefalebis (18-20-35-40-50sm), kambalebis (20-5560 sm) gayidvis uamravi SemTxvevebi.
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli wvrili ZuZumwovrebis 79 saxeobidan
(IUNC-is wiTel nusxis kategoriebis 2.2. versiis mixedviT) 15 saxeobas SesaZlebelia mieniWos kategoria Seufasebeli (NE), xolo daaxloebiT 30
saxeobis Sesaxeb informacia ar arsebobs, ris gamoc isini SeiZleba CaiTvalos,
rogorc arasruli monacemebis mqone taqsonebi (DD). 22 saxeoba Sefasebulia,
rogorc dabali riskis (LR), 5 mowyvlad (VU) da 7 gadaSenebis piras myof
(EN) taqsonad.
safrTxis winaSe myofi wvrili ZuZumwovrebidan aRsaniSnavia:
1. kavkasiuri ciyvi (Sciurus anomalous) – VU. es ciyvi adre mTebis foTlovan da Sereul tyeebSi binadrobda. Cveulebri ciyvis (Sciurus vulgaris)
introduqciis Sedegad igi praqtikulad gaidevna Sereuli tyeebidan, ris
gamoc misi ricxovnoba da areali daaxloebiT 29%-iT Semcirda;
2. Tagvana (Sicista):
38
Tagvanas saxeobebis Sesaxeb monacemebi metad mwiria, amitom rTulia maTi
populaciebis mdgomareobis gansazRvra.
3. neringis bruca (Nannospalax nehringi) _ EN E
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebis areali 5000km2-s ar aRemateba.
4. ruxi zazuna (Cricetulus migratorius) _ VU
es saxeoba bevr adgilas, sadac adre iyo gavrcelebuli aRar gvxvdeba.
misi areali savaraudod 20%-ze metiT Semcirda.
5. amierkavkasiuri zazuna (Mesocricetus brandti) _ EN E
Setanilia saqarTvelos wiTel wignSi. misi areali mkveTrad Semcirebulia, ricxovnoba ki savaraudod 50%-ze metad Semcirda.
6. imierkavkasiuri zazuna (Mesocricetus raddei) _ VU
am saxeobis gavrcelebis areali saqarTveloSi ar aRemateba 500km2-s.
7. wiTuri memindvria (Clerthrionomys glareolus) _ EN E
pontos wiTuri memindvrias gavrcelebis areali ar aRemateba 5000km2-s.
gvxvdeba mTis, daburul wiwvovan, tenian tyeebSi, romlebic amJamad intensiurad iCexeba.
8. promeTes memindvria (Prometheomys schaposchnikovi) _ VU
cnobilia sami subpopulacia afxazeTSi, centralur kavkasionze da mesxeTis qedze, maT Soris individTa urTierTgacvla gamoricxulia. mTeli arealis farTobi ar aRemateba 20000km2-s.
bolo wlebis monacemebiT Savi zRvis TevzWeris procentuli Semadgenloba sarewi saxeobebis mixedviT Semdegnairia: qafSia 85,7%, qarsala 6,0%,
merlangi 2,2%, pelengasi 5,2%, katrani _ Savi zRvis zvigeni 1,0%. rac Seexeba maRali komerciuli mniSvnelobis saxeobebs: zuTxebs, oraguls, Savi
zRvis kefals, maTi Weris procentuli monacemebi ar gagvaCnia, radgan Wera
mxolod brakonierulia.
Sida wyalsatevebze gacemulia 13 licenzia. mopovebuli resursebis raodenoba mocemulia 16 saxeobaze. saqzRvaeqsis monacemebiT, 2001-2002 wlebSi
mopovebulia zuTxisnairebidan atlanturi zuTxis 2 egzemplari. imeds vitovebT, rom momavalSi atlanturi zuTxi SeiZleba bunebriv aRwarmoebaSic
CaerTos.
Sida wyalsacavebze gacemulia 8 erTjeradi saxelobiTi licenzia.
Savi zRvis obieqtebidan qafSiis rewvazea gacemuli 48 licenzia.
TevzWera
Tevzis sarewaod gamoiyeneba saqarTvelos teritoriaze ganlagebuli Sida
Tevzsameurneo wyalsatevebi, romelTa Tevzis sarewi saxeobebis maragebi iZleva amis saSualebas, miuxedavad imisa bunebrivi aRwarmoebis gziT aris Seqmnili es maragebi Tu xelovnuri aRwarmoebis gziT.
aseT wyalsatevebs ganekuTvneba: md. mtkvari, md. alazani, Jinvalis wyalsacavi, algeTis, tyibulis, Tbilisis, sionis, walkis, jandaris, nadarbazevis,
lipis, wyalsacavebi. saRamos, karwaxis, faravnis, tabawyuris tbebi da energetikuli Tu samelioracio daniSnulebis zogierTi sxva wyalsacavi.
am wyalsatevebze Tevzis rewva regulirdeba garemosa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis saministros uSualo monawileobiT.
39
tbebze da wyalsacavebze arsebuli Tevzis meurneobebis, agreTve sakalmaxe, TevzsaSeni da satbore Tevzis meurneobebis funqcionalur xelmZRvanelobas axorcielebs soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis saministrosTan arsebuli departamenti "saqTevzi," amave departamentis kompetencias warmoadgens,
agreTve sasaqonlo Tevzis gadamuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
saqarTvelos Sida wyalsatevebSi sarewao mniSvneloba aqvs Tevzis Semdeg
saxeobebs: karCxana, kavkasiuri qaSapi, Cveulebrivi xramuli, mtkvris wvera,
Werexi, kobri, TeTri da Wreli sqelSubla, TeTri amuri, mcire vimba, Trisa
(Samaia), evropuli Wafala.
saxeobebis mixedviT sarewao Tevzis maragis garemodan amoRebis dasaSvebi
odenobis anu kvotebis damtkiceba warmoebs cxovelTa samyaros obieqtebiT
sargeblobis eqspertTa sauwyebaTaSoriso sabWos sxdomebze yoveli sezonis
dawyebamde.
Sida wyalsatevebze kvotebis damtkiceba warmoebs saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis zoologiis institutis mier mowodebul masalebze dayrdnobiT,
xolo Sav zRvaze institut "saqzRvaeqsis" mier mowodebul masalebze
dayrdnobiT.
amrigad, sarewao saxeobebis garemodan amosaRebi kvotebis miReba xdeba
arsebuli SesaZleblobebis maqsimaluri gamoyenebiT, koleqtiuri ganxilvis
pirobebSi.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros mier TevzWeris
licenzireba warmoebs "cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb" saqarTvelos kanonis
moTxovnebidan gamomdinare da am moTxovnaTa sruli dacviT.
samrewvelo Camdinare wylebiT Sida wyalsatevebis gaWuWyianeba udides
zarals ayenebs Tevzis meurneobas. samrewvelo Sxamebi arRveven Tevzebis kavSirs wylis garemosTan cxovrebis ciklis yvela etapze-ganayofierebuli qviriTidan dawyebuli sqesobrivad momwifebul formebamde. Tevzebze uSualo
toqsikuri moqmedebis garda, isini spoben sanasuqe saZovrebsa da qviriTsayrelebs, SeuZlebels xdian Tevzis migracias, iwveven masobriv daavadebebs,
afuWeben Tevzis sasaqonlo xarisxs.
Savi zRvis wylis Termuli reJimi damakmayofilebelia. auzis masStabiT
sanapiroze mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi TiTqmis ar SeimCneva temperaturis
mkveTri cvalebadoba. yvelaze dabali temperatura +7-9ºC-ia (mxolod TebervalSi) saSualo temperatura +16ºC-ia, zRvis wylis marilianoba 15,4-24%0mde meryeobs, saSualod 16-17%0-ia. Savi zRva binZurdeba mdinareebidan Semotanili toksikantebis sakmao raodenobiT. Savi zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleT
nawilis mTavari dmbinZurebeli arteria aris md. rioni, romelic md. yvirilasa da Zirulas meSveobiT Rebulobs iseTi qalaqebis Camonadens, rogoricaa
WiaTura da saCxere. maT qveda dinebaSi emateba zestafonisa da samtrediis,
iqamde ki quTaisis maRali infrastruqturis damabinZurebeli wylebi, aseve
zRvispira qalaqebidan baTumi, qobuleTi, foTi, oCamCire.
aranakleb saSiSroebas warmoadgens soflis meurneobis dargebis: mecitruseobis, meCaieobis, mevenaxeobis, meTambaqoeobis, marcvlovani kulturebis
40
warmoebis dros sxvadasxva sasuqebis, pesticidebisa da Sxamqimikatebis uxvi
gamoyeneba, romlebic saboloo angariSiT aRmoCndebian zRvaSi.
aranakleb binZurdeba zRva navTobproduqtebiT kolosaluri raodenobis
gasamarTi sadgurebis mier. am bolo dros zRvis dabinZurebaSi SesamCnevi adgili daiWira avtotransportmac, maTi gamonabolqvi gazi mTlianad aWuWyianebs trasis gaswvriv ganlagebul mwvane nargavebsa da kerZod plantaciebs. am
SemTxvevaSi naleqTan erTad (wyali, niadagi) zRvaSi didi raodenobiT xvdeba
sxvadasxva kancerogenuli nivTierebebi.
mniSvnelovan saSiSroebas warmoadgens navsadgurebi da rkinigzis kvanZebi.
yvelafer amas emateba sufsis navsadguris terminali. Znelad Tu iqneba
msoflioSi meore aseTi precendenti, rom zRvis ase mcire monakveTze
(samxreT-aRmosavleTi) koncentrirebuli iyos amdeni navsadguri da terminali.
igegmeba ara marto navTobproduqtebis, aramed sxva produqtebis gadazidva. ar
aris gamoricxuli, rom isini ekologiurad saSiSi aRmoCndnen.
sufsis terminali ekologiurad Zalian rTuli da saSiSi obieqtia.
samxreTiT esazRvreba urekis plaJs (bavSvTa kurorts). CrdiloeTiT igi
uSualod emijneba biologiuri TvalsazrisiT metad Zvirfas zRvis zonas.
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT ki paliaastomis tbas, romelic gamoirCeva Tavisi
wylisa da Waobis biomravalferovnebiT da mTlinad kolxeTis nakrZals.
rac Seexeba “abreSumis gzas”, isic bevr ekologiur problemas Seqmnis.
mtknar wyalsatevebSi Camonadenis regulirebam (md.mtkvari da rioni)
mniSvnelovnad Secvala hidrologiuri reJimi.
aseve did zarals ayenebs Tevzis meurneobas sarwyavi sistemebis araswori
eqsploatacia, rac yovelTvis Tevzebis tofobisa da mozardis zrdis periodSi xorcieldeba.
qarTlis vakis farglebSi md. mtkvarze moqmedebs 13 sarwyavi sistema,
romelTagan 8 meqanikuria, xolo 5 TviTdinebadi.
sami wlis manZilze Catarebul iqna dakvirvebebi taSiskaris sarwyav
sistemaze (gazafxulsa da zafxulSi), e.i. im dros rodesac mimdinareobs
Tevzis bunebrivi aRwarmoeba da sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis intensiuri
rwyva. sistemis teritoriidan mindvrebSi mxolod ivnisis TveSi Segrovili
iqna md. mtkvris Tevzebis erTwlianebi 20500 cali, marto xramulis wilma
maTSi Seadgina 35%, daRupuli qviriTis raodenoba ki imdenad didi iyo, rom
misi daTvla SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda.
saqarTvelos Tevzproduqtiulobis SesamCnevi daqveiTebis procesi mimdinareobs anTropogenuri faqtorebis erToblivi zegavleniT, didi roli
iTamaSa mdinareTa daregulirebam da aragegmazomierma rewvam, romelTa roli
ganuwyvetliv izrdeba.
41
Tavi 7
radiaciuli mdgomareoba
saqarTvelos teritoriaze radiaciuli fonuri dabinZurebis monitorings
axorcielebs saqarTvelos hidrometeorologiis saxelmwifo depertamentis
radiaciuli fonuri dabinZurebis monitoringis centri.
2002 wels centris radiometriul qselSi dozimetrul gazomvebs
awarmoebda 14 meteosadguri: axalcixe, gurjaani, Telavi, duSeTi, zugdidi,
quTaisi, lagodexi, radionovka, Tbilisi, dedofliswyaro, gori, axalqalaqi,
borjomi da walka. aqedan 11 muSaobda operatiul reJimSi, Semodioda
yoveldRiuri operatiuli informacia, xolo 3 sadguri _ axalqalaqi,
borjomi da walka iZleoda mxolod reJimul informacias, TveSi erTxel. am
sadgurebze warmoebda miwispira atmosferul haerSi γ _ gamosxivebis
simZlavris intensivobis gansazRvra. γ _ gamosxivebis intensivoba wlis
ganmavlobaSi meryeobda saSualod 11-16 mkr/sT-is farglebSi. maqsimaluri da
minimaluri mniSvnelobebi dafiqsirda TbilisSi, maisis TveSi _ 28 da 6 mkr/sT
Sesabamisad.
wlis bolos aRniSnul 14 sadgurs daemata qalaq baTumis radiaciuli
mdgomareobis monacemebic. foni meryeobda normis farglebSi.
qalaq TbilisSi warmoebda planSeturi dakvirvebebi, rac saSualebas
iZleva ganisazRvros jamuri β-aqtivoba. gazomvebi tardeboda yoveldRiurad.
saSualo mniSvneloba β aqtivobisa Seadgenda 2.4-2.8 bk/m2.
wlis ganmavlobaSi maRali da eqstremalurad maRali dabinZurebis
SemTxvevebi ar dafiqsirebula.
Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros monacemebiT
1997 wlidan qveyanaSi xorcieldeba saxelmwifo programa _ `radiacia~,
romlis Sedegad gamokvleul iqna radioekologiuri situacia saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva
regionebSi
(gamokvlevas
awarmoebda
Tbilisis
saxelmwifo
samedicino universitetis prevenciuli medicinis kaTedra). saqarTvelos
gamokvleuli teritoriebis radioekologiuri situaciis Seswavlis Sedegad
dadginda, rom:
*Ria adgilebis radiaciuli foni ramdenadme aRemateba dasavleT evropis
qveynebSi arsebul analogiur maCveneblebs. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom saqarTvelos teritoriebi SedarebiT maRali radiaciuli fonis mqone regionebs miekuTvneba. aRniSnuli SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos geografiuli mdebareobiT, geofizikuri mdgomareobiT, xelovnuri radionuklidebiT teritoriis dabinZurebiT
da sxva.
42
*aWaris mTian raionebSi `cxeli wertilebis~ arseboba albaT dakavSirebulia regionis geomorfologiur TaviseburebebTan, niadagSi radionuklidebis
momatebul SemcvelobasTan, xelovnuri radionuklidebiT dabinZurebasTan.
aRniSnulis gamomwvevi mizezis dasadgenad aucilebelia SemdgomSi specialuri,
detaluri kvlevebis Catareba garemos obieqtebSi radionuklidebis Semcvelobasa da maT identifikaciaze da agreTve am regionis mosaxleobis
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Seswavla.
*Senobebis radiaciuli fonis maCveneblebi SedarebiT metia, vidre
dasavleT evropis qveynebis Sesabamisi sidideebi. unda vifiqroT, rom Senobebis
arsebuli radiaciuli fonis formirebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs
adgilobrivi saSeni masalis radioaqtiurobas, rac, Ria adgilebis radiaciuli
foni saSualo maCveneblebidan gamomdinare, ramdenadme momatebulia.
*gamokvleul teritoriaze mosaxleobis dasxivebis wliuri doza, garegani
dasxivebis xarjze, ramdenadme maRalia evropis qveynebis analogiur monacemebTan SedarebiT. gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom isini gaangariSebulia
radonis komponentis moqmedebis gareSe. amdenad, aucilebelia mosaxleobis
dasxivebis dozebis Semamcirebeli RonisZiebebis gatareba, rac gulisxmobs
dasxivebis dozis Semqmneli iseTi komponentebis marTvasa da Semcirebas,
romelic adamianis SesaZleblobebis farglebSia.
Catarebuli samuSaos detaluri analizi, garemos Ria adgilebis da
Senobebis radiaciuli fonis rukebi da aucileblad gasatarebel RonisZiebaTa
nusxa mocemulia saxelmwifo programis _ `radiacia~ _ Sesrulebis Sesaxeb
angariSebSi (1997-2002w.w.).
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros birTvuli da radiaciuli samsaxuris mier 2002 wlis 3 Tebervals sof. lias maxloblad amoRebul iqna 2001 wlis 25 dekembers dafiqsirebuli ori mZlavri radioaqtiuri
wyaro. amoRebis operacia saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier Sefasebul iqna,
rogorc maRalprofesionalurad Catarebuli samuSao.
garda amisa, birTvuli da radiaciuli samsaxuris mier moZiebuli da
ganeitralebuli iqna ukontrolo radiaqtiuli wyaroebi q.zestafonsa da
q.xaSurSi, daba vazianSi. vazianSi aRmoCenil iqna daaxloebiT 500 km2 farTobi,
romelic dabinZurebulia Ra-226-iT. amJamad mimdinareobs am farTobis gawmendis
RonisZiebaTa gegmis SemuSaveba.
paralelurad mimdinareobda radioaqtiuri wyaroebis da maionebel
saSualebaTa inspeqtireba. 2002 wels inspeqtirebulia baTumis, quTaisis,
ozurgeTis, rusTavis, foTis, martvilis, Tbilisis 30-mde organizacia.
radioaqtiuri wyaroebis Ziebis TvalsazrisiT, atomuri energiis
saerTaSoriso saagentosTan erTad, daigegma da Semowmda saqarTvelos Semdegi
regionebi: zemo svaneTi, samegrelo, aWara, samcxe-javaxeTi, kaxeTi da qarTli.
Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCenilia sami radioaqtiuri wyaro, romlebic amoRebuli
da ganTavsebulia droebiT sacavSi.
43
germaniis garemos dacvis saministrodan miRebulia moZravi laboratoriebi, rac saministros muSaobas ufro operatiuls xdis.
aSS-s energetikis departamentis daxmarebiT saministrom SeZlo soflis
meurneobis akademiis radiobiologiis institutis (ganlagebulia bevri radiaciuli wyaro) radiaciuli wyaroebis sacavis wesrigSi moyvana usafrTxoebis
TvalsazrisiT.
SemuSavebulia xmarebaSi arsebuli radiaciuli wyaroebis sistematuri
monitoringis programa.
44
Tavi 8
garemoze fizikuri zemoqmedebis
gansakuTrebuli saxeebi
xmauri. 2002 wels garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministroSi
warmodgenil iqna angariSi _ `baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis proeqti (saqarTvelos
monakveTi). bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba~. angariSi
ganxilul iqna akustikuri ekologiis TvalsazrisiT, SemuSavebulia SeniSvnebi
da winadadebebi. proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebulia saministros monawileoba ekologiuri monitoringis ganxorcielebaSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze milsadenebis
mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis etapebze.
satransporto saSualebebisa da nakadebis moZraobis dros warmoqmnili
xmauris gavlenis Seswavla 2002 wels sruldeboda SesaZleblobebis mixedviT
avtosatransporto magistralebze avtosatransporto magistralebze da gzebze
winaswar SerCeul sakontrolo wertilebSi. arsebuli monacemebiT TbilisifoTis saavtomobilo magistralze xmauris ekvivalenturi doneebi pikis saaTebSi ar Secvlila wina wlebTan SedarebiT da kvlav 68÷75 dbА farglebSia.
2002 wels, saqarTvelos rkinigzis departamentis dakveTiT (Sps
`saqarTvelos rkinigza~), garemos dacvis institutis mier standartuli meTodebiT Sesrulebul iqna sxvadasxva saxis sarkinigzo Semadgenlobis xmauris
maxasiaTeblebi. Seswavlilia agreTve, sarkinigzo nakadebis mier warmoqmnili
xmauri mTavari sarkinigzo xazis ramodenime monakveTis mimdebare teritoriaze.
magaliTad, dadgenilia, rom sajavaxos monakveTze kidura liandagidan 25 m
manZilze xmauris ekvivalenturi done 61÷63 dbАA farglebSia.
mZimewoniani satransporto nakadebis mier gamowveuli xmauris mavne zegavlenisagan mosaxleobis dasacavad, dasaxlebul punqtebSi, mizanSewonilia SemovliTi gzebis mSenebloba. magaliTad, foTis meriam, gaiTvaliswina ra moWarbebuli tvirTbrunvebi, mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad daiwyo SemovliTi gzebis
mSenebloba, romlis damTavreba gaTvaliswinebulia 2003 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
2002 wels Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis saministros
samsaxurebis mier gamokvleulia xmauris wyaros mqone 114 obieqti, romelTagan
40 obieqtze (35%) xmauris done aRemateboda higienur moTxovnebs.
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, xmaurisagan garemos dacvis problema
metad aqtualuria. mdgomareoba moiTxovs monitoringis sistemis SemuSavebas da
amoqmedebas, xolo gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, xmaurisagan damcavi RonisZiebebis
ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb, unda monawileobdnen saxelmwifo an adgilobrivi
mmarTvelobis organoebi (amocanis masStabis Sesabamisad).
vibraciuli mdgomareobis analizisaTvis saWiro informacia ar arsebobs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad mrewvelobisa da transportis dRevandeli
arasruli datvirTviT muSaobisa, vibraciis wyaroebis arseboba eWvs ar iwvevs.
eleqtromagnituri velebi. garemoSi eleqtromagnituri velebis ZiriTadi anTropogenuri wyaroebia:
− maRali da zemaRali Zabvis eleqtruli xazebi;
− Senoba-nagebobebis eleqtruli qselebi da sayofacxovrebo wyaroebi;
45
− eleqtrostatikuri muxtis mqone zedapirebi, eleqtrizebadi nivTierebebis
gadanacvlebis teqnologiuri procesebi (navTobis, gazis, fxvieri nivTierebebis gadanacvlebis dros da a.S.);
− mZlavri radio da tele gadamcemi mowyobilobebi da sadgurebi;
− radiolokaciuri sadgurebi;
− mikrotalRuri sayofacxovrebo teqnika (Rumelebi da a.S);
− personaluri radiokavSiris saSualebani, (maT Soris fiWuri satelefono
da satelituri radiokavSiri);
− personaluri gamoTvliTi manqanebi;
− eleqtrotransportis kontaqturi xazebi da TviT eleqtrotransporti.
msoflioSi mimdinare integraciulma procesebma axali moTxovnebi wauyena
telekomunikaciebis sistemebs. farTovdeba kavSirgabmulobis iseTi sfero,
rogoricaa Tanamgzavrze mimarTuli sadgurebi. aSenda da eqspluataciaSia 35mde sadguri, maT Soris GPC navTobsadenis yvela saqaC sadgurze da
terminalze, sabaJoebze, sxvadasxva firmebis obieqtebze da a.S.
mobiluri kavSirgabmulobis kompania
`magTikomis~ abonentTa ricxvma
gadaaWarba 211000, ganxorcielda saqarTvelos dasaxlebuli teritoriis 95%ze meti farTobis dafarva radiokavSiris qseliT. aRniSnul, garda axali
mimReb-gadamcemi sadgurebis mSeneblobisa, gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZRvis
radiosareleo xazebis mSeneblobasac.
qvemoT moyvanilia diagrama (nax. 8.1), romelic asaxavs magTikomis radiosareleo sistemis ganviTarebis dinamikas.
kavSirgabmulobis xazebis sigrZe, km
Sps magTikomis radiosarelio sistemebis
ganviTarebis diagrama
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
nax. 8.1
garda Tavisi pirdapiri daniSnulebisa, es qseli qmnis informaciis mimocvlis saSualebas sxvadasxva daniSnulebis monacemTa gadacemis sistemebisaTvisac (regionebSi satelevizio programebis miwodeba, internetis, sabanko da
sabaJo momsaxureba da sxva.).
dinamiurad icvleba kompania `jeoseli~: 43%-iT gaizarda axali sabazo
sadgurebis raodenoba; 38%-iT gafarTovda dasaxlebuli teritoriis dafarvis
46
zona, dainerga servisis 10 axali saxeoba. Sps `megakomma~ gaafarTova Tavisi
moqmedebis zona Tbilissa da mis SemogarenSi. aRniSnul da sxva 62 obieqtebze
gacemulia sanitaruli pasporti.
periodulad xorcieldeba moqalaqeTa saCivrebis safuZvelze calkeuli
obieqtebis Seswavla, gaicema Sesabamisi daskvnebi, garemoze zemoqmedebis
Sefaseba („Telasis“ 10 kv-iani xazi TbilisSi). foTis qalaqis centridan
magTikomis antenebi iqna gadatanili zRvis sanapiro zolze, sadac maTi
moqmedeba mosaxleobaze bevrad ufro naklebia.
q. Tbilisis teritoriaze eleqtromagnituri velebis garemoze zegavlenis
Seswavlis safuZvelze dadginda, rom velis mniSvneloba izrdeba e.w. pikis
saaTebSi (daaxloebiT 11 saaTidan 15 saaTamde da 19 saaTidan 22 saaTamde).
qveyanaSi mimdinareobs aramaionebeli gamosxivebis, xmauris da vibraciis
intensivobis kontrolisa da normatiuli bazis Seqmnis procesi, SemuSavebuli
da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros
brZanebiT samoqmedod SemoRebulia sanitaruli wesebi da normebi: `radiosixSiris diapazonis eleqtromagnituri gamosxiveba~, agreTve meToduri miTiTebebi: `radiosixSiris diapazonis eleqtromagnituri gamosxivebis mavne obieqtebis ganTavsebis adgilebSi eleqtromagnituri velis doneebis, sanitaruldacviTi zonis da ganaSenianebis SezRudvis zonis sazRvrebis gansazRvra~.
saqarTvelos kanonis `garemosdacviTi nebarTvis Sesaxeb~ teqstSi momzadebulia cvlilebebi, romelTa mixedviT kavSirgabmulobis obieqtebi mikuTvnebulia saqmianobis I kategorias.
47
Tavi 9
wlis meteorologiuri pirobebis Taviseburebebi.
bunebrivi katastrofebi da stiqiuri ubedurebebi
meteorologiuri sadgurebis 2002 wlis monacemebma gviCvena, rom
aRniSnul periodSi, naleqebis raodenobis da temperaturis saSualo
maCveneblebi mravalwliurTan SedarebiT iyo normasaTan miaxloebuli mcire
gadaxrebiT (danarTi, cxrili 1, 2).
rac Seexeba eqstremalur movlenebs, ianvris dasawyisidan Tebervlis meore
dekadis CaTvliT, rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (dedoflis wyaro, gori,
muxrani, Tbilisi, bolnisi, radionovka), aseve dasavleTSi (baxmaro, quTaisi,
saqara, Sovi) qroda Zlieri qari (qariSxali) 30-40 m/w. amave Tves zestafonis
raionSi Camowolilma mewyerma daaziana 0,2ha farTobis savargulebi 230 aT. l.
zaralis odenobiT.
25 aprils TbilisSi miwisZvram daaziana 22 aTasze meti sacxovrebeli
saxli 2300 administraciuli Senoba, ris Sedegad saorientacio zaralma
Seadgina 150 mln. aSS dolaramde.
ivnisSi samtrediis da xonis raionebSi wyaldidobam daaziana 7510ha,
romlis Sedegad zaralma Seadgina 3287 mln. lari. amave dros tyibulis
raionSi mewyerma daaziana 10ha savargulebi. ivnisSi siRnaRis, duSeTis,
yazbegis, mcxeTis, walkis, borjomis, quTaisis, zugdidis, cageris, lentexis da
mestiis raionebSi mosuli kokispiruli wvimebis gamo, mdinareebis adidebis,
Rvarcofuli gamonatanebis da miwa-kldovani Svavebis Camowolis gamo dazianda
xidebi da saavtomobilo gzebi, romlis salikvidacio samuSaoebis Casatareblad
daixarja 1,892 mln. lari.
seqtembris dasawyisidan gaxSirda setyva aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. 19
seqtembers Telavis, yvarelis, gurjaanis, axmetis, siRnaRis da bolnisis
raionebSi aRiniSna setyva, qariSxali da kokispiruli wvima, dazianda sasoflosameurneo savargulebi, sacxovrebeli saxlebi, daixoca pirutyvi da frinveli,
daisetyva venaxebi, saerTod dazianda 2350ha savargulebi, xolo zaralma
Seadgina 500000 larze meti.
oqtombris TveSi daisetyva Terjolis raionis savargulebi 696 aTasi
laris zaraliT.
noemberi-dekemberi dasavleT saqarTveloSi aRiniSneboda qariSxlebiT 3040 m/w. (quTaisi, saqara, samtredia, foTi), xolo wlis bolo _ xSiri
naleqianobiT.
48
Tavi 10
garemos ekologiuri faqtorebis SesaZlo gavlena
mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis bolo aRwera Catarda 2002 wels, romlis
mixedviT qveynis mosaxleobam Seadgina 4371500 adamiani. aqedan 3 mln cxovrobs
qalaqebSi. TbilisSi – 1084087, quTaisSi – 180822, rusTavSi _ 116175,
baTumSi – 122207, zugdidSi – 68535, foTSi – 47199.
mosaxleobis dinamikaSi yvelaze SemaSfoTebelia Sobadobis ukiduresi
Semcireba. 1998-2002 wlebSi Sobadoba (1000 mosaxleze) 10,7-11,5 farg-lebSia,
rac mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba 1988 wlis maCvenebels (ix. cxrili 10.1).
cxrili 10.1
ZiriTadi demografiuli maCveneblebis dinamika 1000 mosaxleze
demografiuli
maCveneblebi
qorwineba
1988w
1998w
1999w
2000w
2001
2002
7,0
3,1
3,0
2,8
3,0
2,9
1,3
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
Sobadoba
17,0
11,5
10,9
11,0
10,8
10,7
sikvdilianoba
8,8
10,5
10,6
10,7
10,5
10,7
bunebrivi mateba
8,2
1,0
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,0
ganqorwineba
2002 wlis monacemebiT saqarTveloSi sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivoba
mamakacebSi Seadgens 68,0 wels, xolo qalebSi 74,8 wels (dasavleT evropis
qveynebSi saSualod 75w. da 81w.).
saqarTvelos demografiuli situaciis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani niSania
mosaxleobis dabereba – moxucebulTa xvedriTi wilis zrda mosaxleobis
saerTo raodenobaSi. 65 welze ufrosi asakis mosaxleobis wilma saqarTveloSi 2002 wels Seadgina 12,8%, maSin roca 1995 wels 10,8% iyo.
wylis, atmosferuli haeris, niadagis dabinZureba garkveul zemoqmedebas
axdens mosaxleobis janmrTelobis formirebis procesze. cnobilia, rom garemos dabinZureba mosaxleobis avadobis xarisxs zrdis saSualod 20-22%-iT.
2002 wels qveynis dasaxlebuli adgilebis sanitarul-epidemiologiuri
mdgomareoba xasiaTdeboda garemo faqtorebis dabinZurebis garkveuli doniT.
kvlav aradamakmayofilebeli iyo msxvili qalaqebisa da dasaxlebuli punqtebis
komunaluri da sanitariuli mdgomareoba. aRiniSneboda naklovanebebi mosaxleobis xarisxiani sasmeli wyliTa da sakvebi produqtebiT uzrunvelyofaSi.
saqarTvelos qalaqebSi haeris dabinZurebis maRali xarisxi iqca respiratoruli da gulsisxlZarRvTa daavadebebis SemTxvevebis gaxSirebis erT-erT
faqtorad. vinaidan Cvens qveyanaSi mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 60% qalaqebSi
cxovrobs, amitom atmosferos dabinZurebis zegavleniT gamowveuli daavadebebis riski maT umravlesobaze vrceldeba.
49
ar SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom atmosferos dabinZureba aris ama Tu im daavadebis uSualo gamomwvevi (Tumca arsebobs pirdapiri kavSiris damadasturebeli
faqtebic). atmosferos mdgomareoba mxolod sxva damatebiTi faqtorebis arsebobasTan erTad zrdis daavadebis risks. rac Seexeba wylis dabinZurebas, is
xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba ama Tu im daavadebis gamomwvevi uSualo mizezi,
upirveles yovlisa wylismieri nawlavuri infeqciebisa.
sisxlis mimoqcevis sistemebis daavadebebs (danarTi, cxrili 3) pirveli
adgili ukavia saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sikvdilianobis maCveneblebSi (72%).
wina wlebTan SedarebiT moimata axalwarmonaqmnebis (keTilTvisebiani da
avTvisebiani) diagnoziT registrirebul avadmyofTa ricxvma. am daavadebas
meore adgili ukavia sikvdilianobis struqturaSi. mraval sxva mizezTa Soris
daavadebis gamomwvevi radionuklidebiT garemos dabinZurebacaa. saqarTvelo
Tavisi geografiuli mdebareobiT da geofizikuri TaviseburebebiT miekuTvneba
maRali radiaciuli fonis mqone qveyanas, rac iwvevs mosaxleobis SedarebiT
maRali dozebiT dasxivebas, Tumca gamoricxuli ar aris garkveuli wvlili
xelovnuri
radionuklidebisa,
romlebic
globaluri
procesebisa
da
Cernobilis aes-ze momxdari katastrofis Sedegad gamoileqa am teritoriaze.
garemos ekologiuri faqtorebis SesaZlo gavlenis dasadgenad mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze 2002 wels Catarda calkeuli gamokvlevebi. magaliTad,
walenjixis raionis teritoriaze aRmoCenili radioaqtiuri gamosxivebis
wyaroebis SesaZlo gavlenis dasadgenad jandacvis samsaxurebis mier soflebSi
lia, focxva da Wale Catarda kompleqsuri samedicino Semowmeba. kvleva
Cautarda mosaxleobis or jgufs: 1. pirebi, romelTac aranairi kontaqti ar
hqondaT radioaqtiuri gamosxivebis wyarosTan; 2. pirebi, romlebic Tvlidnen,
rom garkveuli drois manZilze imyofebodnen radioaqtiuri gamosxivebis
wyaros siaxloves. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareobaze
radioaqtiuri gamosxivebis wyaros gavlena ar gamovlinda, Tumca meore
jgufidan 8 pirovnebas aReniSna akrocentruli qromosomebis asociaciebis
mateba, 4-s ki dicentrikebi da acentruli fragmentebi. aRniSnuli darRvevebi
SesaZlebelia ganpirobebulia mutagenebis zemoqmedebiT, magram ar aRemateba
dasaSveb normebs.
gardabnis raionSi “ei-i-es mtkvris” meaTe energoblokis avariis Sedegad
dazaralebuli mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomarebis Seswavla-Sefasebis,
janmrTelobaze avariis SesaZlo gavlenis dadgenis da Seqmnili epidemiologiuri mdgomareobis gansazRvris mizniT ganxorcielda masobrivi gasinjvebis
damatebiTi programa. gamokvleuli mozrdili mosaxleobis avadobis struqtura
ar gansxvavdeboda qveynis mosaxleobis avadobis struqturis maCveneblebisagan.
1999-2002 wlebSi samkurnalo-profilaqtikur dawesebulebebSi daavadebianobisa da avadobis maCveneblebi mocemulia danarTis cxrilSi 4.
mosaxleobis intensiuri migracia da bunebriv-kerovani daavadebebis
arseboba gamoricxavs umravles infeqciur daavadebaTa sruli likvidaciis
SesaZleblobas. farTo saerTaSoriso saqmiani kavSirebi, evropa-aziis satransporto derefnis funqcionirebis dawyeba, turizmi, migrantebis da iZulebiT
adgilnacval pirTa masebi uaRresad afarToebs infeqciur daavadebaTa
gavrcelebis sazRvrebs da masStabebs.
50
mniSvnelovnad gaizarda infeqciuri da parazituli daavadebebis avadobis
maCvenebeli (danarTi, cxrili 5) da 100 aTas sul mosaxleze Seadgina 1010,5;
maSin roca ukanaskneli 5 wlis manZilze es maCvenebeli ar yofila 750-ze
maRali.
1999-2002 wlebSi mTel saqarTveloSi infeqciuri da parazituli daavadebebiT gamowveuli sikvdilianobis SemTxvevebi Seadgenda mTlianad aRricxuli
sikvdilianobis 1%-s.
“epidzedamxedvelobis, sakarantino, gansakuTrebiT saSiSi da maTTan gaTanabrebuli infeqciebis kontrolis da sxva gadamdeb daavadebaTa profilaqtikis
koordinaciis 2002 wlis saxelmwifo programis” realizaciam uzrunvelyo
epidsituaciis aRricxvis gaumjobeseba da ufro realuri asaxva, vidre gasul
wlebSi. amitom zogierTi infeqciuri paTologiis SemTxvevaTa ricxvis zrda
mimaniSnebelia epidzedamxedvelobis xarisxis gaumjobesebasa da ara epidsituaciis daZabvisa.
2002 wels ZiriTadi 51 infeqciuri nozologiidan, romelic saqarTveloSi eqvemdebareba registracias, 12 daavadeba maT Soris qolera, paratifebi
A, B, C, Savi Wiri, tularemia, tetanusi axalSobilebSi, mwvave poliomieliti
ar aRricxula.
24 nozologiur erTeulSi adgili hqonda avadobis zrdas. maT Soris
nawlavTa baqteriuli infeqciebis ( baqteriuli dizenteria _ 744 SemTxveva,
eSerixiozebi _ 360 SemTxveva, salmonelozebi _ 571 SemTxveva) zrdis mizezi
ramdenime epidafeTqebacaa (cagerSi _ 48 SemTxveva maisSi, agvistoSi, TianeTSi
_ 60 SemTxveva, seqtemberSi, abaSaSi _ 118 SemTxveva da xaragaulSi _ 40
SemTxveva).
2002 wlis ganmavlobaSi registrirebulia muclis tifiT 26 daavadebuli.
marneulis raionSi (22 daavadebuli) erTeuli SemTxvevebis garda, sof.
sabirkendSi ivlissa da agvistoSi dafiqsirda 12 SemTxveviani epidafeTqeba;
gardabanSi 2, zugdidsa da CxorowyuSi TiTo-TiTo.
ramdenadme moimata vaqciniT marTvadi daavadebebis SemTxvevebma, kerZod
aRiricxa tetanusis 13 SemTxveva (maTgan 7 samegreloSi).
matebis tendencia
aRiniSna virusul hepatitebSic (561 erTeuliT). amasTan matebis didi nawili
(70,4%) ganpirobebulia hepatiti A-s SemTxvevaTa zrdiT. aRsaniSnavia
wylismieri virusuli A-hepatitis epidafeTqeba, romelsac adgili hqonda q.
foTSi 2002 wlis dasawyisSi.
tuberkuliozisa da difteriis epidemiis SemTxvevebi, romlebic ukanasknel
wlebSi gaxSirda, aseve sufTa sasmeli wylis naklebobasTan da sanitarulhigienuri pirobebis gauaresebasTan aris dakavSirebuli. savalaloa am mxriv
did qalaqebSi arsebuli mdgomareoba.
2002 wels difTeriiT avadobis maRali maCveneblebi (qveynis saSualo
maCvenebelze maRali) aRiniSna: guriaSi, raWaSi, aWaraSi. aWaris 6 SemTxvevidan
3 SemTxveva modis baTumze, 2 – xelvaCaurze, 1 – qobuleTis raionze. guriis
mxareSi difTeriiT avadobis eqvsive SemTxveva ozurgeTis raionze modis.
kvebis produqtebis warmoebis, Senaxvis, transportirebisa da realizaciis
saqmeSi arsebuli mravalricxovani darRvevebi da mosaxleobis nawilis dabali
sanitariuli kulturis gamo, arakeTilsaimedo situaciaa Seqmnili sakvebiT
gadacemuli infeqciebis mxrivac. qveyanaSi registrirebuli kvebiTi moSxamvebis
388 SemTxveva. maTgan 39 adamiani botulizmiT
daavadda. (TbilisSi 11,
51
sagarejoSi 9, walkaSi 6, aWaris a/r 4, rusTavSi, gorSi, bolnisSi 2-2,
marneulSi, zestafonSi, zemo qarTlSi TiTo-TiTo). daavadebis gamomwvevi
mizezebis gaanalizebiT gamoirkva, rom 38 SemTxvevis gamomwvevi mizezi iyo
kustaruli wesiT damzadebuli produqti. 2 avadmyofis daavadebis mizezi iyo
kustarulad damzadebuli Sebolili Tevzis, xolo danarCenebis _
saSinao
pirobebSi damzadebuli konservebis miReba.
kvlav izrdeba malariiT daavadebulTa ricxvi. 2002 wels registrirebulia 474 daavadebuli; maSin, roca 1990-95 wlebSi aRricxuli iyo sul 5
daavadebuli.
2002 wels jilexis 15 (gardabanSi 6, rusTavSi 4, zugdidSi 2, samtrediaSi, wyaltubosa da TerjolaSi TiTo-TiTo), xolo brucelozis 156 SemTxveva aRiricxa.
ar umjobesdeba mdgomareoba raionebSi cofis gavrcelebis TvalsazrisiT.
am umZimes infeqcias mimdinare wels 10 adamianis sicocxle Seewira. mZime
mdgomareoba Seiqmna qvemo qarTlis regionSi, sadac aRiricxa 5 (50%)
SemTxveva (rusTavi 2, gardabani 2, bolnisi 1). aTive gardacvlilidan
patroniani cxovelis mier dakbenili iyo 5 adamiani (50%). cofi cxovelebSi
gamovlenilia saqarTvelos TiTqmis mTel teritoriaze. wels am daavadebam
gadmoinacvla aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi da mis wilad modis daavadebis 60%.
upatrono, moxetiale cxovelebis, kerZod, ZaRlebisa da katebis katastrofuli momravlebis gamo epizootia mosalodnelia kidev ufro swrafad
gavrceldes.
kidev erTi maRali letalobis mqone infeqcia, romlis ZiriTadi gadamtani
Cvens pirobebSi moxetiale ZaRlebia, aris leiSmaniozi. ukanasknel wlebSi am
infeqciis SemTxvevebis ricxvi matulobs, maT Soris TbilisSi. 2002 wels sul
aRricxulia 108 daavadebuli.
ra Tqma unda, garemos faqtorebis mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze SesaZlo
mavne zegavlenis Sefaseba mxolod zemoT moyvanili msjelobis safuZvelze arasakmarisia. saWiroa, garemo ekologiuri faqtorebis dabinZurebasa da mosaxleobis avadobas Soris zusti korelaciuli kavSiris dadgena, rac unda efuZnebodes aRniSnuli sakiTxis mravalwlian Seswavlas Sesabamisi dargebis specialistebis monawileobiT.
seriozul problemas warmoadgens garemos dabinZureba adamianisTvis iseTi
mavne fizikuri faqtorebiTac, rogorebicaa vibracia, xmauri, sxvadasxva diapazonis eleqtromagnituri velebi, maRali SeRwevadobis maionizirebeli gamosxivebis sxvadasxva saxeoba da a.S. satransporto saSualebebis, sayofacxovrebo
eleqtroteqnikis, radio da telesadgurebis, radiolokaciuri mowyobilobebis
simZlavris zrda, mobiluri kavSiris telefonebis mZlavri gamosxivebis mqone
gadamcemebi da antenebi warmoadgenen adamianze fizikuri zemoqmedebis mizezebs.
mavne fizikuri faqtorebiT gamowveuli daavadebebis gavrceleba mosaxleobaSi
saTanado gamokvlevasa da Seswavlas saWiroebs.
52
Tavi 11
ekologiuri faqtorebis gavlena kulturuli
memkvidreobis SenarCunebaze
2002 wlis 25 aprils TbilisSi momxdarma miwisZvram daaziana qalaqis
istoriul nawilSi mdebare TiTqmis yvela arqiteqtoruli Zegli, rogorc
saerTo daniSnulebis, aseve sakulto nagebobebi. axalgoris raionSi Camoiqca
yanCaeTis kabenis taZris mklavebi (Zegls Cautarda SemorCenili nawilis
gamagrebiTi samuSaoebi). umZimes dReSia kldis arqiteqturis Zeglebi _ varZia,
vanis qvabebi da garejis samonastro kompleqsi. SedarebiT daculia ufliscixe,
romelsac gasul wels Cautarda sakonservacio-gamagrebiTi samuSaoebi.
aRsaniSnavia is sagangaSo mdgomareoba, rac gamowveulia mdinare alaznis
mier lagodexis raionis sofel ulianovkaSi, aq mdinare marcxena sanapiroze
mdebare vrcel samarovans recxavs da aSiSvlebs kulturul fenebs, ris
Sedegad xdeba arqeologiuri nivTebis dataceba. amasTanave unda aRiniSnos,
mosaxleoba aseve aqtiurad awarmoebs TviTnebur gaTxrebs da anadgurebs
kulturul fenebs.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze SemorCenili kulturuli memkvidreobis
Zeglebis 85% mZime mdgomareobaSia. SeiZleba davasaxeloT zogierTi maTgani,
kerZod, metexis taZari TbilisSi, mcxeTis jvris didi taZari, akaurTis
eklesia bolnisis taionSi, xcisisa da nabaxtevis eklesiebi xaSuris raionSi,
qumis taZari axalcixis raionSi, karneTisa da CunCxis eklesiebi axalqalaqis
raionSi, favnisis eklesia kaspis raionSi da sxva.
samegrelo-zemo svaneTis mxareSi TiTqmis yvela istoriuli da
kulturuli Zegli metnaklebad ganicdis ekologiuri faqtorebis uaryofiT
zegavlenas. teritoriaze SemorCenili kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis
umravlesoba mZime mdgomareobaSia da restavracia-aRdgenas moiTxovs. arasaxarbieloa aq arsebuli saparko xelovnebis Zeglebis mdgomareobac. sxvadasxva
mizezebis gamo Semcirebulia parkebis
farTobebi, igrZnoba kvalificiuri
movla-patronobis deficiti.
Seqmnili mdgomareoba mniSvnelovanwilad ganpirobebulia im garemoebiT,
rom sabaRo-saparko xelovnebis Zeglebi dRemde ar aris gamocxadebuli
istoriisa da kulturis Zeglebad. ar warmoebs maTi aRricxva, Seswavla,
aRdgena, dacva da gamoyeneba.
mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionSi bevr istoriul Zeglze xarobs zogierTi
balaxovani mcenare: svintri, kldis duma da sxva. zogierTi Zeglis kedlebi
dafarulia xavsiT da mRieriT. sakmaod xSiria istoriuli Zeglebis
saxuravebze iseTi mcenareebi, rogoricaa: nekerCxali, ifani, kowaxuri, askili
da sxva. aseve calkeul saZirkvelebs azianebs kedlebis siaxloves amosuli xemcenareTa fesvebi.
mcxeTis muzeum-nakrZalis teritoriaze saxuravze amosuli xe-mcenareebiT
dazianebulia 50-mde Zegli. fesvebiT dazianebulia 20-mde Zeglis saZirkveli.
atmosferuli naleqebiT, yinviT da qariT ziandeba aliziT nagebi zogierTi
nageboba, radgan maT ar gaaCniaT damcavi pavilionebi.
53
Tanxebis uqonlobis gamo ar tardeba samuSaoebi bioturi eroziis
gamomwvevi mizezebis srulad SeswavlisaTvis da Zeglebis srulyofili
konservaciis Casatareblad.
qalaq foTis teritoriaze istoriuli da kulturuli faseulobebi
naklebad aris warmodgenili, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT niko nikolaZis
koSks, malTayvas memorials, cotne dadianis, niko nikolaZis da kolxi dedis
Zeglebs. aRniSnuli kulturis Zeglebis fizikuri mdgomareoba normaluria,
magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom es faseulobebi ar ganicdides ekologiuri
faqtorebis uaryofiT zegavlenas. am faqtorTa kategoriebs ganekuTvneba
qalaqis teritoriis dabali hifsometriuli done da aqedan gamomdinare
gruntis wylis siaxlove niadagis zedapirTan, agreTve, Warbtenianoba, haeris
maRali farTobiTi tenianoba, vibracia da a.S. rac Seexeba moZrav arqeologiur
Zeglebsa da istoriul faseulobebs, isini inaxebian foTis mxareTmcodneobis
muzeumSi. qalaqSi Seqmnili mZime ekologiur-melioraciuli viTarebis gajansaRebis mizniT dasaxulia RonisZiebebi samelioracio qselis eqspluataciis
gaumjobesebisa da samimosvlo gzebis keTilmowyobis TvalsazrisiT.
54
Tavi 12
daculi teritoriebi
saqarTvelos dacul teritoriebs miekuTvneba 14 saxelmwifo nakrZali, 2
erovnuli parki da 5 saxelmwifo aRkveTili, saerTo farTobiT 283,8 aTasi
heqtari, rac mTeli teritoriis 4,2%-s Seadgens. daculi teritoriebis
areali TandaTan farTovdeba erovnuli parkebis Seqmnis programiT.
daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro xasiaTdeba calkeuli saxeobebis
mdidari mravalferovnebiT. daculi farTobebis sakmaod mcire teritoriaze
SeiniSneba msoflios sxvadasxva kontinentze gavrcelebuli, erTmaneTisagan
mkveTrad gansxvavebuli cxovelTa saxeobebi, rogorc iqTofqunis, ise
ZuZumwovrebis, frinvelebis, qvewarmavalTa, entomofaunis da sxva klasis
saxeobaTa saxiT.
dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli wvrili ZuZumwovrebis 79 saxeobidan
15 saxeobas SesaZlebelia mieniWos kategoria Seufasebeli, xolo daaxloebiT
30 saxeobis Sesaxeb informacia ar arsebobs da is iTvleba rogorc arasruli
monacemebis taqsonebi. 22 saxeoba Sefasebulia rogorc dabali riskis, 5
mowyvlad da 7 gadaSenebis piras myof taqsonad.
miuxedavad amisa, rom saqarTveloSi faunis warmomadgenelTa amJamindeli
mdomareoba fasdeba rogorc ekologiuri katastrofis winaSe mdgari, ase ar
iTqmis daculi teritoriebis statusis mqone farTobebze.
2002 wels daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaros obieqtebze
tardeboda nadir-frinvelis aRricxva sxvadasxva meTodiT. ZiriTadad im
saxeobebze, romlebic mniSvnelovan prioritetul saxeobebs warmoadgenen ama
Tu im teritoriisTvis.
wina welTan SedarebiT am teritoriebze SeimCneva yvela saxeobis
calkeuli suladobis mcire zrda. magaliTad, Tu 2000 wels irmis raodenoba
184 suli iyo, 2002 wels 255 miaRwia; jixvi 2001 wels _ 610, 2002 wels _
680; Sveli Sesabamisad _ 508 da 514, niamorma, arCvma, gareulma Rorma da
daTvma Tavisi stabiluri raodenoba SeinarCuna. neli tempiT mateba
gamowveulia cxovelTa arealis daculi teritoriebis buferul zonebSi
brakonierobiT da mtacebeli cxovelebis momravlebiT.
dacul teritoriebze binadroben endemuri, iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras
myofi faunis warmomadgenlebi. kerZod, endemebi _ kavkasiuri waula, kavkasiuri
focxveri, niamori da sxva. iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras myofi cxovelTa
saxeobebi _ wavi, iremi, amierkavkasiis zazuna, rades biga.
saqarTveloSi 300-mde frinvelis saxeobaa gavrcelebuli. dasaxlebulTa
ricxvSi Sedis _ mobinadre, mobudari, mozamTre da migrirebadi saxeobebi.
gavrcelebuli frinvelebidan bunebis dacvis msoflio kavSiris wiTel wignSi
Setanilia 12 saxeoba, 52 saxeoba safrTxis winaSe imyofeba, aqedan 8
kritikuli safrTxis winaSea.
kolxeTis dablobis zRvispira nawili mimdebare zRvis akvatoriasTan
erTad, afrika-evraziis wylisa da Waobis frinvelTa migraciis gzaze mdebare
erT-erT umniSvnelovanes regions warmoadgens. am regions 184 saxeobis frinveli iyenebs sabudrad. maT Soris 21 saxeobis frinveli gadamfrenia.
55
cxovelTa dacvis gaZlierebis mizniT Seiqmna aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
daculi teritoriebis zedamxedvelobis samsaxurSi mobiluri jgufi, romelic
adgilobrivi daculi teritoriebis dacvis muSakebis erToblivi reidebis
Sedegad 2002 wlis ganmavlobaSi daculi teritoriebi mimdebare farTobebze
(buferul zonaSi) gamovlenili iqna brakonierobis SemTxvevis 194 faqti,
razedac Sedgenilia saTanado oqmebi, dajarimebulia 194 brakonieri 3922
lariT, aqedan jarimis saxiT amoRebulia 3697 lari, samarTaldamcav
organoebze gadacemulia 3 saqme.
dacul teritoriebze 2002 wels da arc gasul wlebSi garemos monitoringis samuSaoebi ar Catarebula, Sesabamisi laboratoriis da inventaris
uqonlobis gamo.
aRsaniSnavia, rom daculi teritoriebis 85% tyiT aris dafaruli,
romlebic gamoirCevian biomravalferovnebis elitaruli doniT saqarTvelos
`wiTel wignSi~ Setanili 61 dasaxelebis xe-mcenareebidan, dacul teritoriebSi Semonaxulia 38 saxeoba anu 62%, xolo 89 saxeobis balaxeuli mcenareulobidan 33 saxeoba anu 37%. saqarTvelos `wiTel wignSi~ Setanili merqniani
saxeobebidan aRsaniSnavia: biWvinTis fiWvi, kolxuri bza, lafani, kolxuri
Tagvisara, xemarwyva, xismagvari manana, kavkasiuri xurma, kolxuri leRvi,
uTxovari, kolxuri jonjoli, pontos muxa, daTvis Txili, kavkasiuri Zelqva,
imereTis muxa, Cveulebrivi broweuli, rades aryi, pastuxovis suro,
Turanula, myrali Rvia, saRsaRaji da sxva.
dacul teritoriebze arsebuli tyeebis ZiriTadi nawili xeluxlebelia,
romlebic gamoirCevian maRali sixSiriTa da produqtiulobiT.
msoflio bankis iniciativiT, tyeebis konservaciis TvalsazrisiT, raWis
regionSi iqmneba daculi teritoriebis sistema, romlis saproeqto samuSaoebis
SesrulebaSi monawileoba miiRes daculi teritoriebis saxelmwifo departamentis muSakebma.
2002 wels sistemaSi unebarTvo Wrebma Seadgina 1470 m3 saSeSe merqani.
maT Soris 1080 m3 borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis teritoriazea aRricxuli. sul gamovlenilia samarTaldarRvevaTa 70%.
56
Tavi 13
erovnuli meurneobis garemoze gavlenis
Taviseburebani
garemoze sameurneo saqmianobis gavlena xasiaTdeba sxvadasxva regionebis
mier gamoSvebuli produqciis wiliT saerTo moculobaSi, warmoebebis profiliT da maTSi garemosdacviTi nagebobebisa da danadgarebis arsebobiT.
saqarTveloSi 2002 wels moqmedi 2900 msxvili, saSualo da mcire
samrewvelo sawarmoa.
gamoSvebuli produqciis mixedviT misi ZiriTadi mwarmoebelia q. Tbilisi, aWara, qvemo qarTli da imereTi. maTi wili saerTo moculobaSi Seadgens
Sesabamisad 52,8, 8,2, 10,2 da 7,3%. aqedan gamomdinare, q. Tbilisi da
aRniSnuli regionebi warmoadgenen garemos ZiriTad damabinZureblebs.
erovnuli meurneobis ekonomikuri saqmianobis saxeobebidan gamomdinare
amJamad qveyanaSi moqmedebs erovnuli klasifikatori _ sek (CPA-002-99),
saxelwodebiT `produqciis statistikuri klasifikacia saqmianobis saxeobaTa
mixedviT~, romelic Seesabameba saerTaSoriso klasifikators (sek (NACE)00197). aRniSnuli dokumentis saSualebiT calkeuli samrewvelo kompleqsebisa da
dargebis mixedviT SesaZlebelia zogadad garemoze erovnuli meurneobis
sxvadasxva komponentebis gavlenis SesaZleblobebis gaanalizeba. moxsenebaSi ar
aris gaTvaliswinebuli produqciis faruli warmoebis Sedegad garemos
dabinZurebis monacemebi.
atmosferuli haeris mTavari damabinZurebelia avtotransporti. did qalaqebSi da maTi SemaerTebeli trasebis irgvliv misi funqcionirebis Sedegad
gamoiyofa iseTi mavne nivTierebebi, rogoricaa (raodenobis TanmimdevrobiT) CO,
NOx, aaonebi, SO2, mtveri, CH4 da N2O. sul avtotransportis mier
atmosferoSi gafrqveulia 212,8 aT. tona mavne nivTierebebi. rac Seexeba sahaero da rkinigzis transportidan gamofrqveul mavne nivTierebebs, isini mniSvnelovnad naklebia avtotransportisagan warmoebul gafrqvevebze da angariSSi
gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris.
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi (1990 welTan SedarebiT) samrewvelo produqciis warmoebis moculoba sagrZnoblad Semcirda, _ saTanadod 10-15-jer
Semcirda mavne nivTierebebis gafrqvevac, romelic 2002 wels Seadgenda saerTo
maCveneblis 13%-mde.
qveynis mrewvelobis tempebze arsebiT gavlenas axdenda 184 sawarmo, romlebmac 2002 wlis ganmavlobaSi atmosferoSi gaafrqvies sul 10,48 aT. tona
mavne nivTierebebi (8,14 aT.t. _ myari; 2,34 aT.t. gaziseburi da Txevadi) maT
Soris gogirdovani anhidridi 14t., azotis Jangeulebi 40t., naxSirJangi 37t.,
da meTani 116t.
nax. 13.2-ze motanilia atmosferuli haeris mavne nivTierebebiT damabinZurebeli ZiriTadi wyaroebis jamuri maCvenebeli.
57
gafrqveuli mavne nivTierebebi, aT. t.
2002w. atmosferul haerSi gafrqveul mavne
nivTierebaTa jamuri raodenoba
1200
1000
1-avtotransporti
800
2-energetika
3-mrewveloba
600
4-soflis meurneoba
400
200
0
1
2
3
4
nax. 13.2 ∗
2F
am monacemebSi ar aris Setanili gafrqvevebi sazRvao transportidan da
transportis momsaxureobis stacionaluri obieqtebi da is emisia, romelic
Tan sdevs avtotransportis mier gadamuSavebuli zeTis wvis process da
romelsac iyenebs mosaxleoba gaTbobis mizniT. zeTis es raodenoba Seadgens
araumciresi 600 aT. tonas da wvis dros gamoyofs sakmaod mavne nivTierebebs
(Wvartli, SO2, NOx, CO, Pb).
mavne nivTierebebis gafrqvevis raodenoba moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia samrewvelo obieqtebze, energomoxmarebis gareSe, vinaidan am seqtorSi energomoxmarebis Sedegad warmoebuli gafrqvevebi Setanilia qveynis energobalansis saerTo gafrqvevaSi (Tavi I, cxrili 1.2).
moxsenebaSi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli is faqti, rom qalaqebSi da msxvil
dasaxlebul punqtebSi centraluri gaTbobis sistemebis moSlam gamoiwvia maTi
individualuri gaTbobis sistemebiT Canacvlebam, sadac gamoiyeneba SeSa, navTi,
dizelis sawvavi, avtomanqanebis mier gadamuSavebuli zeTi da gazi, rac Tavis
mxriv iwvevs atmosferos mavne nivTierebebiT mniSvnelovan dabinZurebas (CO,
NOx, SO2, aaon-ebi). unda aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom centraluri gaTbobis
sistemebis arsebobis pirobebSi mavne nivTierebebi ifrqveoda maRali milebis
saSualebiT da ifanteboda atmosferos zeda zonaSi. amJamad mavne gamonabolqvi
ifrqveva haeris qveda zonebSi, anu adamianis moqmedebis arealSi, rac
uaryofiTad moqmedebs mis janmrTelobaze.
soflis meurneobaSi sagrZnobi damabinZurebelia qimiuri sasuqebisa da
pesticidebis atmosferoSi aorTqlebisa da gafrqvevis Sedegebi. gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania azotis sasuqebis aorTqlebis danakargebi, rac aRwevs misi
moculobis 25-35% da mecxoveleobis dargis narCenebis mier saTburi efeqtis
gamomwvevi _ meTanis (CH4) emisia atmosferoSi. miwebis intensiuri eqspluata∗
2002 wlis monacemebi gaangariSebulia evrogaerTianebis Tanamedrove meTodologiiT.
58
cia da tyeebis gaCexva aZlierebs maT erozias, rasac moyveba atmosferoSi
mtvris nawilakebisa da qimiuri elementebis migracia.
sul bunebrivi zedapiruli wylebis obieqtebSi Camdinare wylebTan erTad
CaSvebulia 407,5 mln. kub. m. mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZurebuli wyali.
mTavari damabinZurebelia komunaluri meurneoba, romlis moculoba bolo
wlebis ganmavlobaSi praqtikulad ar icvleboda da Seadgenda 280-mde mln. m3
weliwadSi. wylis obieqtebis mniSvnelovani damabinZurebelia aseve energetikis
obieqtebic, magram maT mier `Tbur dabinZurebas~ aqvs aRdgeniTi da lokaluri
xasiaTi da mniSvnelovan gavlenas wylis obieqtebis xarisxze ar axdens.
mrewveloba wylis obieqtebSi uSvebs 2,5 mln. m3-mde dabinZurebul wyals.
moculobiT naklebad abinZurebs wylis obieqtebs soflis meurneoba da transporti, magram maT CamonadenebSi vxvdebiT iseT mavne nivTierebebs, rogoricaa
navTobproduqtebi, sxvadasxva daniSnulebis qimiuri sasuqebi da mecxoveleobis
narCenebi.
nax. 13.3-ze mocemulia 1999-2002 wlebSi zedapiruli wylis mavne
nivTierebebiT dabinZurebis monacemebi saministroebisa da uwyebebis mixedviT.
1999-2002 wlebSi wylis obieqtebis mavne nivTierebebiT
damabinZurebeli ZiriTadi saministroebi
350
300
75
3
250
mln.m
dabinZurebuli wyali, aT.m 3
100
50
1999w.
200
2000w.
150
2001w.
2002w.
100
25
50
0
0
1
3
2
4
5
1 _ soflis meurneobis; 2 – transportis; 3 – energetikis; 4 – mrewvelobis; 5 – komunaluri meurneoba
nax. 13.3
amJamad erovnuli meurneobis obieqtebze ar xorcieldeba niadagis
dabinZurebis monitoringi. sxvadasxva monacemebiT samrewvelo obieqtebze
wlebis manZilze dagrovebulia 10 mln tonamde narCeni, romelic ganTavsebulia warmoebebis teritoriebze da mtvris saxiT vrceldeba atmosferul
haerSi da niadagSi. esenia: qvanaxSiris da manganumis Semcveli qanebi da Slami,
nacari, qvanaxSiris wvis produqti, spilenZi da barituli madani, tyvia-TuTiis
flotaciuri gamdidrebis narCeni, bentonituri Tixebi, agatis mopovebis
narCeni, gumbrinis mtveri, martenis wida, arakondiciuri dolomiti, silikomanganumis wida da sxva.
59
sayuradReboa baTumis navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis teritoriaze ganlagebuli didi raodenobiT mJave gudroni (40 aT.t.). sazogadod cnobilia am
narCenis meoradi damuSavebis teqnologia, ris Sedegadac miiReba biTumi da
gogirdmJava.
gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos agreTve canis da uravis samTo qimiis
qarxnebis toqsikuri narCenebis mdgomareoba, romlebic inaxeba mdinaris piras
sam samarxSi da savalalo mdgomareobaSia.
aranakleb mniSvnelovania xmauriT, eleqtromagnituri da eleqtruli
veliT garemos dabinZurebis problema. ZiriTad wyaros warmiadgens rkinigzis,
saavtomobilo da sahaero transporti, samrewvelo sixSiris maRali Zabvis
gadamcemi xazebi da maTi qvesadgurebi, samrewvelo obieqtebi. am fizikur
faqtorebiT dakavSirebuli `dabinZurebis zonebi~ sakmaod didia.
zemoT moyvanili masalebis safuZvelze SegviZlia gavakeToT daskvna, rom
saqarTvelos teritoriaze ZiriTadi damabinZureblebia: transporti, Tboeleqtrosadgurebi, wiaRis mopoveba da gadamuSaveba, metalurgia, qimiuri, navTobqimiuri da kvebis mrewveloba, komunaluri meurneoba.
xazgasasmelia is faqti, rom centralizebuli monitoringis sistemis
ararseboba ar iZleva SesaZleblobas sistematiuri da koreqtuli masalebis
miRebas garemos dacvis sferoSi. amitom warmodgenili arasruli informaciis
safuZvelze gaZnelebulia garemoze erovnuli meurneobis gavlenis realuri
mdgomareobis Sefaseba.
60
Tavi 14
qimiuri saSualebebi
qveyanaSi qimiur nivTierebaTa warmoebis, transportirebis, eqsportis,
importis, tranzitis, Senaxvis, gamoyenebis, registraciis, xmarebidan amoRebis,
gauvnebelyofis da sxva sakiTxebi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxovs.
aRniSnuli procesebi regulirdeba kanonebiT: “saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis
Sesaxeb” da “pesticidebisa da agroqimikatebis Sesaxeb”.
amJamad qimiur nivTierebaTa marTvis sistema Camoyalibebis procesSia.
realurad brunvaSi myof qimiur nivTierebaTa raodenobis, asortimentis,
warmoebisa da asortimentis Sesaxeb informacia arasrulia. qimiur nivTierebaTa
marTvis sistemaSi arsebobs mTeli rigi seriozuli problemebi.
saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis usafrTxo gamoyenebis marTvis gansaxorcieleblad gasatarebel RonisZiebaTa koordinaciis mizniT, saqarTvelos prezidentis 2002 wlis #307 gadawyvetilebiT, saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa
da socialuri dacvis saministrosTan Seiqmna sauwyebaTaSoriso sabWo,
romelmac ganixila da moiwona Semdegi normatiuli aqtebi:
− saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis klasifikaciis Sesaxeb;
− saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis gamoyenebis SezRudvis an akrZalvis wesis
Sesaxeb;
− saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis niSandebisa da etiketirebis wesis Sesaxeb;
− saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis saxelmwifo eqspertizisa da saxelmwifo
gamocdis wesisa da proceduris Sesaxeb;
− saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis importisa da eqsportis wesis Sesaxeb;
− saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis erTiani saxelmwifo reestris warmoebisa
da maTi registraciis wesisa da proceduris Sesaxeb;
− saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis konfidencialuri informaciis gacemis
wesis Sesaxeb.
saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis marTvis sferoSi sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofisaTvis 2002 wels mimdinareobda Semdegi samuSaoebi:
_ roterdamis konvenciasTan mierTebis Taobaze, romelic exeba saSiS
qimiur nivTierebebsa da pesticidebs saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi (eqsportimporti).
_ stoqholmis konvenciis (konvencias xeli moewera 2001 wels) moTxovnaTa danergvisa da ganxorcielebis mizniT, SemuSavda – mdgradi organuli
damabinZureblebis POPs erovnuli gegmis programa, romelic mowonebuli iqna
globaluri ekonomikuri fondis GEF-is mier.
2002 wels Tavdacvisa da sagareo saqmeTa saministroebis SuamdgomlobiT
miRweuli iqna SeTanxmeba evropaSi uSiSroebisa da TanamSromlobis organizaciasTan, meriis aerodromze arsebuli melanJis gauvneblobis proeqtis dafinansebasTan dakavSirebiT. gamoinaxa donori qveynebi (germania, didi britaneTi,
niderlandebi, TurqeTi). raketuli sawvavis komponentebis gauvneblobis samuSaoebi mTlianad Sesrulebulia.
unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionSi Sxamqimikatebis
da mineraluri sasuqebis Senaxvisas irRveva garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis
61
moTxovnebi, rac gamoixateba SemdegSi: qveyanaSi arsebuli Sxamqimikatebis sawyobebis umetesi nawili avariul mdgomareobaSia da saWiroebs SekeTebas. SemowmebiT dadgenilia, rom amortizirebuli sawyobebi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva daniSnulebiT. sasawyobo meurneobebs TiTqmis arsad ar hyavs momsaxure personali.
saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi arsebuli sawyobebi, romlebic funqcionirebs da
akmayofilebs garemosdacviT moTxovnebs warmoadgens iSviaT gamonakliss.
qveyanaSi arsebuli 81 sawyobidan funqcionirebs mxolod 17 sawyobi. 64 _
amortizirebuli da dangreulia da arcerTi maTgani ar akmayofilebs garemosdacviTYmoTxovnebs.
dResdReobiT gansakuTrebul problemas warmoadgens sabWoTa kavSiris
droidan qveyanaSi dagrovili vadagasuli da xmarebidan amoRebuli pesticidebi
da mineraluri sasuqebi, romlebic centralizirebuli wesiT iyo ganawilebuli. sawyobebis umetesi nawili avariul mdgomareobaSia an mwyobridanaa
gamosuli, TiTqmis arcerTi maTgani ar pasuxobs garemosdacviT moTxovnebs.
sawyobebis didi nawili (maTSi ganTavsebuli vadagasuli da xmarebidan amoRebuli SxamqimikatebiTa da mineraluri sasuqebiT) upatronodaa mitovebuli.
arsebobs didi riski imisa, rom es qimikatebi moxdes garemoSi sxvadasxva
qmedebis Sedegad.
arsebuli informaciiT guriis, aWaris, imereTis, kaxeTis, mcxeTa-mTianeTis,
Sida qarTlis, samcxe-javaxeTis, xaSuris, yofili “saqsoflnayofierebis” naxevrad dangreul sawyobebSi daaxloebiT 200 tonamde vadagasuli da xmarebidan
amoRebuli pesticidebia ganTavsebuli. es cifri wlebis ganmavlobaSi TandaTan
klebulobs, rac imas niSnavs, rom mosaxleobis mier dResac grZeldeba
xmarebisaTvis uvargisi pesticidebis dataceba da gamoyeneba. gamoricxuli ar
aris, rom vadagasuli pesticidebis naSTidan garkveul raodenobas warmoadgens
mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebi, rac Tavis mxriv zrdis garemosa da
admianis janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebul riskis faqtors.
ase magaliTad, axalcixis sazenito diviziis #11945 nawilis teritoriaze dafiqsirda sxvadasxva dasaxelebis qimiuri nivTierebebi. laboratoriuli SemowmebiT maT Soris aRmoCnda DDT, romelic inaxeba Ria cis qveS da
uqmnis saSiSroebas adamianis janmrTelobasa da garemos. amave terotoriaze Ria
cis qveS dayrilia 300 litriani rkinis kasrebi, romlebSic aris gaurkveveli
siTxe, razedac regionis mier Sedgenilia oqmi #001403, sadac aRniSnulia,
rom es nivTierebebi 1994 wlidan ganTavsebulia am teritoriaze yovelgvari
dacvis gareSe.
2002 wels galis raionis sof. mziurSi aRmoCenili iqna 14 kasri vadagasuli qlori (400 l). daisva sakiTxi avariul mdgomareobaSi myofi qloris
kasrebis utilizacia-gauvneblobis Sesaxeb. Seiqmna erToblivi jgufi qarTulafxazuri da saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebis monawileobiT.
rac Seexeba vadagasuli mineraluri sasuqebis naSTs, arcerTi raionidan
ar aris warmodgenili informacia maTi raodenobis Sesaxeb, maSin roca wina
wlebSi miRebuli informaciiT qveyanaSi 3000 t. mineraluri sasuqis naSTi
aRiricxeboda.
qveyanaSi Sxamqimikatebisa da mineraluri sasuqebis Semotana-realizaciaze
kontroli Zalzed garTulebulia. faqtiurad yvelgan moSlilia pesticidebisa
da mineraluri sasuqebis Semosaval-gasavlis aRricxva, ar arsebobs zusti
62
informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra raodenobis pesticidebi da mineraluri
sasuqebi Semovida regionebSi 2002 wels.
aRsaniSnavia, rom regionebSi arsebuli pesticidebisa da mineraluri
sasuqebis sarealizacio maRaziebi ZiriTadad funqcionirebs sanitaruli da
ekologiuri wesebis darRveviT. aris faqtebi kerZo pirebis mier Semotanili
preparatebis saxlebSi ganTavsebis, maTi sakolmeurneo bazrebsa da mimdebare
teritoriaze realizaciis, kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela wesis
darRveviT. magaliTad, guriis regionaluri sammarTvelos informaciiT,
regionSi adgili hqonda vadagasuli da xmarebidan amoRebuli pesticidebis
gamoyenebis faqtebs da a.S.
arcerT regionSi ar funqcionirebs Sxamqimikatebis Sesazavebeli moednebi.
savalalo mdgomareobaa Sxamqimikatebis gamosayenebeli teqnikis garecxvis
mxriv. praqtikulad arcerT regionSi ar aris maTi gasarecxi moednebi.
Semosuli informaciis Tanaxmad, adgili ara aqvs regionebSi pesticidebiTa
da mineraluri sasuqebiT gruntis wylebis, mdinareebisa da wyalsacavebis
dabinZurebis faqtebs, rac laboratoriulad ar aris dasabuTebuli.
samoqmedo zonebSi jerjerobiT ar aris dafiqsirebuli tyis mavnebel
daavadebaTa gavrceleba; arsebuli informaciiT, mcxeTa-mTianeTis, kaxeTisa da
qarTlis regionebSi adgili hqonda kaliebis masiur gavrcelebas.
qveyanaSi faqtiurad arsad ar xdeba pesticidebiTa da mineraluri sasuqebiT sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis dabinZurebis xarisxis Seswavla da aqedan
gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia dadgena, ramdenad aRemateba niadagSi maTi Semcveloba
zRvrulad dasaSveb normebs. aseve, ar isazRvreba pesticidebisa da sasuqebis
naSTi produqciaSi kulturebis mixedviT.
qveyanaSi ar funqcionirebs qimiuri nivTierebebis mwarmoebeli qarxnebi.
rac Seexeba moqmed sawarmoebs, isini muSaoben mcire datvirTviT da eqvemdebarebian kontrols.
63
Tavi 15
narCenebi
qveyanaSi narCenebi seriozul problemas warmoadgens. arsebuli monacemebi
maTi warmoSobis, gamoyenebis, gauvneblobis, gadamuSavebisa da ganTavsebis
Taobaze ar aris srulyofili da damajerebeli, vinaidan narCenebis statistikuri aRricxvianoba ar arsebobs, xolo narCenebis marTvis sainformacio
sistema Seqmnis procesSia. mdgomareobas arTulebs “narCenebis marTvis Sesaxeb”
kanonis ararseboba, romelic aseve SemuSavebis procesSia.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze akumulirebuli narCenebis mTeli masis
daaxloebiT 30% (20 mln.t) metalurgiuli, saSen masalaTa, qimiuri, manqanaTmSeneblobis da mrewvelobis sxva dargebis narCenebia. qveyanaSi samrewvelo
narCenebis nagavsayrelebi ar arsebobs, amitom isini ZiriTadad ganTavsebulia im
sawarmoebis an sawarmoTa mimdebare teritoriebze, sadac warmoiSvebian.
sawarmoo narCenebis umetesoba warmoSobilia mrewvelobis intensiuri ganviTarebis periodSi. amJamad bevri sawarmo gaCerebulia, an muSaobs dabali simZlavriT. privatizaciis Semdeg bevrma sawarmom Seicvala profili, rig SemTxvevaSi axalma mesakuTrem moixsna pasuxismgebloba adre dagrovebul narCenebze.
amJamad samrewvelo narCenebis warmoSobis tempi Zalian dabalia. 2002
wels aRricxulia narCenebis wrmoSoba xis gadamamuSavebel saarmoebSi
(daaxloebiT 300 tonamde), romelic umeteswilad mosaxleobis mier iqna
gamoyenebuli sawvavad gaTbobis mizniT, xolo qsnis ministaris sawarmoSi
warmoqmnili 2500 tona minis lewi kvlav gamoyenebuli iqna nedleulad
ZiriTadi produqciis misaRebad.
qveyanaSi dagrovili myari narCenebis daaxloebiT 70% (45 mln. tona
wlebis manZilze) wiaRiseuli simdidris mopovebisa da gadamuSavebis Sedegadaa
miRebuli. isini ganlagebulia wiaRiseulis mompovebeli da gamamdidrebeli
sawarmoebis mimdebare teritoriebze, warmoadgenen ra niadagis da Semdgom
gruntis wylebis dabinZurebis lokalur wyaroebs. ar aris cnobili qveyanaSi
aRniSnuli narCenebiT dakavebuli teritoriis farTobi.
amJamad narCenebis didi raodenobiT dagroveba xdeba bolnisis raionSi. ss
“madneulisaTvis“ daba kazreTSi kudebis gansaTavseblad gamoyofilia 60 ha
miwis farTobi. narCenebis saerTo raodenobaa 22,9 mln. tona, aqedan baritis
kudebis raodenoba 2,5 mln. tona, xolo spilenZis madnis kudebi 20,4 mln.
tona. Sps "kvarciti“ Tavis narCenebs ganaTavsebs madnis gadamamuSavebeli
fabrikis mimdebare teritoriaze. warmoebis dawyebidan dRemde dagrovilia 5,6
mln. tona narCeni. garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros
regionaluri sammarTvelos monacemebiT, periodulad mimdinareobs maTi
rekultivacia da Semdgom rekultivirebul farTobebze xe-mcenareebis dargva.
usaxsrobis gamo ver xorciledeba saxifaTo narCenebis samarxis mowyoba,
sadac SesaZlebeli iqneboda wlebis manZilze dagrovili da vadagasuli, saSiSi
qimiuri nivTierebebis, Sxamqimikatebis da sxva toqsikuri Tvisebebis mqone
narCenebis ganTavseba.
imis gamo, rom radioaqtiuri narCenebis yofili samarxi ar funqcionirebs,
xolo axlisTvis jer miwis farTobic ar aris gamoyofili, radioaqtiuri
naerTebis Semcveli narCenebi ar aris Tavmoyrili erT adgilze. isini
64
umeteswilad inaxebian im samedicino dawesebulebebis, kvleviTi institutebisa
da Tavdacvis saministros daqvemdebarebuli obieqtebis sacavebSi (specialur
damcav konteinerebSi), romlebic mas moixmareben.
mniSvnelovani problema warmoSva ssrk samxedro bazebze arsebulma
samxedro narCenebma, maT Soris radioaqtiurma wyaroebma, romlebic ruseTis
jaris mier umeTvalyurod iqna mitovebuli. aseTi wyaroebis moZiebasa da
amoRebas awarmoebs saministros birTvuli da radioaqtiuri usafrTxoebis
samsaxuri. vinaidan specialuri samarxi ar arsebobs, amoRebuli
wyaroebi
inaxeba droebiT sacavebSi.
qalaqebSi myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Segroveba ZiriTadad warmoebs
xelis Sromis gamoyenebiT, xolo nagavsazidi manqanebis parki umetesad mcire
simZlavrisaa da dabali warmadobis arasakmarisi raodenobis manqanebiTaa
dakompleqtebuli.
qveyanaSi arsebuli sayofacxovrebo narCenebis nagavsayrelebi metad
sagangaSo mdgomareobaSia. sul aRricxulia 69 nagavsayreli, romelTa mier
dakavebuli farTobi 0,5-42 ha-s Seadgens, xolo saerTo farTobi 300 heqtars
aRemateba. arcerTi nagavsayreli ar pasuxobs garemosdacviT da sanitariul
moTxovnebs. maTTvis ar aris gansazRvruli moqmedebis vada, ar gaaCniaT
mowyobis proeqti. maTi umravlesoba gadavsebulia. 18 nagavsayreli, romelTa
teritoriis farTobebi 0,4-5ha-s Seadgens, ukanonoa.
mimdinare
wlis
ganmavlobaSi
raime
RonisZieba
nagavsayrelebis
garemosdacviT moTxovnebTan SesabamisobaSi mosayvanad ar ganxorcielebula.
2002 wels dadga sakiTxi lilos nagavsayrelis daxurvisa, vinaidan igi
ganTavsebulia aeroportis uSualo siaxloves da saerTaSoriso normebis
Tanaxmad, safrTxes uqmnis mas. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, gadawyda mowyobiliyo
nagavgadamtvirTi
sadguri
da
`Tbilqalaqproeqts~
eTxova
saproeqto
samuSaoebis dawyeba. q. Tbilisis premieris 30.09.02 wlis #431 gankargulebiT
daiwyo lilos Ria nagavsayrelis daxurvis mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi.
upirveles yovlisa, dauSvebelia, rom narCenebi nagavsayrelebze gadis
yovelgvari daxarisxebis gareSe. sayofacxovrebo narCenebTan erTad aq gvxvdeba
sxva saxis narCenebi (mag. samrewvelo, samSeneblo, samedicino narCenebi,
toqsikuri da sxva). nagavsayrelebis teritoriaze umeTvalyureod mitovebuli
saxifaTo da toqsikuri narCenebi garemos dabinZurebis seriozul keras
warmoadgenen. maTi umravlesoba Seicavs advilad xsnad toqsikur naerTebs,
romlebic atmosferuli naleqebis meSveobiT advilad xvdebian gruntis
wylebSi da abinZureben maT.
nagasayrelebze narCenebis dauxarisxeblad gatana iwvevs gadasamuSavebeli
masalis dakargvasac. nagavsayrelebze ganTavsebul narCenebSi didia metalis,
minis, sxvadasxva saxis polimeruli masalis fraqciebi, romlebic eqvemdebarebian meorad gadamuSavebas.
dRes, ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi, rodesac samrewvelo sawarmoebis
umravlesoba gaCerebulia an muSaobs mcire simZlavriT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
qveyanaSi samrewvelo narCenebis gauvneblobas da utilizacias yuradReba ar
eqceva da miTumetes, sawarmoebisaTvis ar xdeba mastimulirebeli RonisZiebebis
gatareba SedarebiT mcirenarCeniani teqnologiebis dasanergad.
65
Tavi 16
teqnogenuri avariebi da katastrofebi
2002 wels qveynis masStabiT adgili hqonda 100-ze met sxvadasxva
xasiaTis farTomasStabian sagangebo SemTxvevebs, ris Sedegadac daiRupa 70-mde
da daSavda 450-mde adamiani. dazianda 20000-ze meti Senoba-nageboba, daingra
da mwyobridan gamovida saavtomobilo gzis 3700 metriani monakveTi. daitbora
aTasobiT heqtari sasoflo-sameurneo savarguli.
2002 wlis 20 marts samgoris WaburRilidan amoifrqva navTobi da
dabinZurda mimdebare teritoria 0,5 heqtari.
2002 wlis 8 ianvars gori-qvaxvrelis sarkinigzo monakveTze liandags
ascda Tbilisidan baTumisaken mimavali sarvirTo matarebeli, mowyda 11 vagoni,
2 gadabrunda da gaCnda xanZari.
cxril 16.1-Si moyvanilia teqnogenuri avariebis da katastrofebis
gamomwvevi mizezebis, Sedegebis da maxasiaTeblebis nusxa.
66
cxrili 16.1
2002 wlis ganmavlobaSi momxdari teqnogenuri katastrofebi, avariebi da ubeduri SemTxvevebi
1
movlenis
TariRi
2
katastrofis adgili
(raioni)
3
1
15.02.02
zestafoni, WiaTura,
saCxere-gomi
#
2
14.03.02
3
21.12.02
4
22.12.02
5
24.12.02
25.12.02
1
10.07.02
2
3
4
5
18.11.02
18.11.02
21.11.02
23.11.02
6
“ _ “
7
“ _ “
rokis
uReltexili
sagarejos
raioni
TeTriwyaros
raioni
tyibuli-ambrolaur.
quTaisi-wyaltubo
cegari-lentexi
siRnaRis
raioni
duSeTis raioni
lagodexis raioni
yvarlis raioni
cageris
raioni
ambrolauris
raioni
sagarejos r-ni
sof. koWabaani
dazaralebuli
katastrofis
miyenebuli
obieqtis dasaxeleba
mizezi
zarali
4
5
6
d i d T o v l o b a
intensiuri
Caiketa saavtosaavtomobilo
Tovli
mobilo gzebi
gzebi
saavtomobilo
gza
gombori-sarTiWalis
monakveTi
sof. orbeTis mimd.
saavtom. monakveTi
saavtomobilo
gzebi
moyva 8 adamiani
msxverpli
7
gatarebuli
RonisZiebebi
8
_
gzis gawmenda, TovlSi
CarCenili mgzavrebis
gamoyvana
2 adamiani
daiRupa
samaSvelo samuSaoebi
zvavis
Camowola
didTovloba
namqeri
Caixerga avtotransporti mgzavrebiT
_
samaSvelo operaciebi
“ _ “
“ _ “
35 mgzavr.
2 moyinv. niSn.
“ _ “
“ _ “
“ _ “
_
“ _ “
_
salikvidacio samuSaoebi
_
_
_
“ _ “
“ _ “
“ _ “
_
salikvidacio samuSaoebi
t y i s x a n Z r e b i
18 ha yana, satvirT.
unaleqoba,
_
manqana “zili”
foTolcvena
tyis masivi
“ _ “
2 ha tyis masivi
“ _ “
“ _ “
100 ha tyis masivi
“ _ “
“ _ “
4 ha tyis masivi
unaleqoba,
tyis masivi
5 ha tyis masivi
foTolcvena
“ _ “
“ _ “
2 ha tyis masivi
_
_
“ _ “
“ _ “
4 ha tyis masivi
_
_
67
cxrili 16.1-is gagrZeleba
1
2
3
1
09.08.02
2
09.10.02
xaragaulis
raioni
rokis gvirabis
mimdeb. terit.
1
28.01.02
q. rusTavi
qarxana
„azoti“
2
01.02.02
q. tyibuli
skolebi, sacxovreb.
saxlebi elgadamc.
xazebi
Zlieri qari
“ _ “
“ _ “
q. quTaisi da
maxlob. sofl.
Stormuli qari
3
2-3.02.02
3
2-3.02.02
1
25.04.02
1
ivnisi
agvisto
seqtemberi
mcxeTisa da
duSeTis r-ebi
imereTis
mxare
q.
Tbilisi
dasavleT da
aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi
4
5
6
7
u b e d u r i S e m T x v e v e b i
sof. xevis
sagzao-saavtomosamgzavro
daiRupa 9 adamiani,
teritoria
bilo katastr.
avtobusi
daSavda 24 adamiani
“kamazi”-s tipis
_
kldis zvavi
_
2 avtmanqana
q i m i u r i n i v T i e r e b e b i T m o w a m v l a
sacxov. saxl.
skolebi, baga-baRebi
saavtom. gzebi,
xidebi, sacxovrebeli saxlebi,
sasoflo-sameurneo
savargulebi
gamtari milis
daiRvara 200 kg amiaki
dazianeba
S t o r m u l i q a r e b i
samaSvelo samuSaoebi
samaSvelo samuSaoebi
daiRupa 1 adamiani
gauvnebelyofis
samuSaoebi
daingra nagebobebi
_
Sedegebis salikvidacio
samuSaoebi
“ _ “
_
Senoba-negebobebi,
elgadamc. xazebi
m i w i s Z v r e b i
7-baliani
daingra 6 Senoba,
miwisZvra
134 skola da bagabaRi. 370 mln. zarali
w y a l d i d o b a
gzebi da xidebi.
Zlieri wvimebi,
datbora naTesebi,
setyva, mewyeri,
sacxovrebeli saxlebi.
Rvarcofi
zarali – 72 mln.
lari
68
8
_
Sedegebis salikvidacio
samuSaoebi
Sedegebis salikvidacio
samuSaoebi
daiRupa 6,
daSavda 100-mde
adamiani
salikvidacio-samaSvelo
samuSaoebi, saavarioaRdgeniTi samuSaoebi
_
salikvidacio samuSaoebi
Tavi 17
saqarTvelos garemosdacviTi kanonmdebloba
2002 wels miRebul iqna Semdegi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi:
1. saqarTvelos kanonebi:
a) `saSiSi sawarmoo obieqtis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi
cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze~ (07.05.2002; #139-IIs, ssm #13,
mux 52)
b) `saSiSi nivTierebebiT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis kompensaciis
Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze~
(19.11.2002; #1750-Is, ssm#31, mux.137);
2. saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebulebebi:
a) `daba
wyneTis
teritoriaze
ukanonod
xeebis
Wrisa
da
miwaTsargeblobaSi saxelmwifoebrivi wesrigis damyarebis Sesaxeb~ (12.01.2002;
#13);
b) `saqarTvelos teritoriaze kaspiis auzis navTobisa da gazis erTian
energetikul derefanSi transportirebis proeqtebis ganxorcielebisaTvis
saqarTvelos prezidentTan arsebuli mecnierTa (specialistTa) komisiis
Seqmnis Sesaxeb~ (31.01.2002; #32);
g) `samxreT-kavkasiuri milsadenis sistemis (baqo-Tbilisi-erzerumis
gazsadeni) proeqtis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~ (31.01.2002; #103);
d) `saqarTvelos teritoriaze ozondamSlel nivTierebaTa regulirebis
Sesaxeb~ (08.05.2002; #226);
e) `daba wyneTis teritoriaze miwaTsargeblobis mowesrigebisa da xeebis
ukanonod Wris aRkveTis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~ (25.05.2002; #260);
v) `borjom-xaragaulis erovnul parkSi adigenis raionis saproeqto
teritoriis integrirebis programis _ borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis
samenejmento gegmis damatebiTi nawilis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (08.06.2002;
#285);
z) `saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis usafrTxo gamoyenebis regulirebis
sauwyebaTaSoriso sabWos Seqmnisa da debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~
(21.06.2002; #307);
T) “saxelmwifo tyis fondis aRricxvis sistemis Sesaxeb” (19.07.2002;
#342);
i) `borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis damxmare zonaSi arsebuli
wyalmomaragebisa da kanalizaciis sistemebis gaumjobesebis RonisZiebaTa
Sesaxeb~ (22.08.2002; #386);
k) `zRvis dabinZurebis, kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesis darRveviT
zRvaSi TevzWeris, saqarTvelos kontinenturi Selfis, teritoriuli wylebis
an gansakuTrebuli ekonomikuri zonis kanonmdeblobis, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvao sazRvris ukanonod gadakveTisa da sasazRvro gamtar punqtebSi
dadgenili reJimis administraciuli samarTaldarRvevebisaTvis gadaxdevinebuli
jarimebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb~ (23.08.2002; #387);
69
l) `mikroorganzmebiTa da mikrobuli warmoSobis biologiurad aqtiuri
nivTierebebiT dabinZurebisagan atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb debulebis
damtkicebis Taobaze~ (06.11.2002; #469);
m) `saxelmwifo tyis fondis miCenili ubnis gamoyofisa da am ubnis
teritoriaze tyiTsargeblobis, misi SezRudvis, SeCerebisa da akrZalvis wesis
Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~ (10.12.2002; #506);
n) `saxelmwifo tyisa da saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebis sazRvrebis
dadgenisa da Secvlis Sesaxeb~ (10.12.2002; #508);
o) `mosaxleobis ekologiuri ganaTlebis saxelmwifo programis Sesaxeb~
(18.12.2002; #538);
p) `baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis ZiriTadi saeqsporto navTobsadenisa~ da `baqoTbilisi-erzerumis samxreT kavkasiuri gazsadenis~ proeqtebis koordinaciisa
da maTi ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~ (07.12.2002;
#492).
3. garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis ministris brZanebebi:
a) `birTvuli da radiaciuli saqmianobis licenzirebis Sesaxeb~
debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~ (14.01.2002; #03);
b) `saxelmwifo tyis fondis gansazRvrul teritoriaze cxovelTa
samyaros obieqtebis aRricxvis meTodebisa da wesis Sesaxeb~ debulebis
damtkicebis Taobaze~ (04.03.2002; #27);
g) `samonadireo meurneobis Sesaqmnelad samonadoreo savargulebis gamoyofisaTvis saWiro winaswari ekologiuri, biologiur-ekonomikuri gamokvlevis,
cxovelTa samyaros obieqtTa srulfasovani aRricxvisa da mdgomareobis dafiqsirebis, gareul cxovelTa aRwarmoebisa da mopovebis normebis dadgenisa da
samonadireo meurneobis Seqmnaze daskvnis gacemis proceduris Sesaxeb~ debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~ (02.05.2002; #58);
d) `garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb~ debulebisa da magistraluri milsadenabis proeqtebis TandarTuli instruqciis damtkicebis Taobaze~
(16.05.2002; #59);
e) `saxelmwifo aRricxvisa da saxelmwifo kadastrSi Seyvanas daqvemdebarebul gareul cxovelTa saxeobebis jgufebis nusxis Sesaxeb~ damtkicebis
Taobaze~ (30.05.2002 #65);
v) `cxovelTa samyarosa da misi obieqtebiT sargeblobis saxelmwifo
aRricxvis, cxovelTa samyaros saxelmwifo kadastris Sedgenis, im saxeobaTa
jgufebis nusxis gansazRvris wesebis Sesaxeb, romlebic saxelmwifo aRricxvas
da saxelmwifo kadastrSi Setanas eqvemdebarebian, agreTve aRricxvisa da kadastris SedgenisaTvis saWiro monacemebis wardgenis wesebis Sesaxeb~ debulebis
damtkicebis Taobaze~ (30.05.2002 #66);
z) `samonadiro meurneobis Sesaqmnelad samonadireo savargulebis gamoyofisaTvis saWiro winaswari ekologiuri, biologiur-ekonomikuri gamokvlevis,
cxovelTa samyaros obieqtTa srulfasovani aRricxvisa da mdgomareobis dafiqsirebis, gareul cxovelTa aRwarmoebisa da mopovebis normebis dadgenisa da
samonadireo meurneobis Seqmnaze daskvnis gacemis proceduris Sesaxeb~ debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~ (30.05.2002; #67);
T) `sakurorto (wylis amoRebis gareSe) da sportuli mizniT wylis
70
obieqtebiT an misi nawiliT specialuri wyalsargeblobis licenziis Sesaxeb~
debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~ (06.06.2002 #73);
i) `wylis obieqtidan nivTierebebis (wyalSi gaxsnili da Setivnarebulikoloiduri nivTierebebis, datborili merqnis) amoRebis licenziis Sesaxeb~
debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~ (06.06.2002; #74);
k) `ukanono tyiTsargeblobis Sedegad saxelmwifo tyis fondisaTvis
miyenebuli zianis gaangariSebisa da anazRaurebis wesis Sesaxeb~ debulebis
damtkicebis Taobaze~ (04.10.2002; #99);
l) `saxelmwifo tyis fondis gansazRvrul teritoriaze cxovelTa
samyaros obieqtebis aRricxvis meTodebisa da wesis Sesaxeb~ debulebis
damtkicebis Taobaze~ (04.10.2002; #98);
m) `nadirobisa da TevzWeris dawyebisa da damTavrebis TariRebis~
damtkicebis Taobaze~ (04.10.2002; #97);
n) `kurortebSi, kurortebis sanitaruli dacvis zonebSi da dacul
teritoriebze atmosferuli haeris dacvis gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebis
Sesaxeb~ debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~ (15.11.2002; #108);
o) garemosdacviTi nebarTvis gacemis proceduriT dadgenili meoTxe
kategoriis saqmianobis CamonaTvalis Sesaxeb~ debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~
(15.11.2002; #109).
4. aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebis
dawesebulebebis
xelmZRvanelTa
erToblivi brZanebebi:
a) garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis ministris, ekonomikis
mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis ministris, Sromis janmrTelobisa da socialuri
dacvis ministris, teqnikuri zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifo inspeqciis ufrosis
erToblivi brZaneba _ `araxelsayrel meteorologiur pirobebSi atmosferuli
haeris dacvis wesebis Sesaxeb~ instruqciis damtkicebis Taobaze~ (12.11.2002;
07.11.2002; 01.11.2002; 08.11.2002; #01/01-01/146; #106; #23; #314/n.);
b) ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis ministris, garemosa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis ministris, Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis
ministris, teqnikuri zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifo inspeqciis ufrosis
erToblivi brZaneba _ `avariis Sedegad atmosferul haerSi nivTierebaTa
avariuli gafrqvevis SemTxvevaSi atmosferuli haeris dacvis wesebis Sesaxeb~
instruqciis damtkicebis Taobaze~ (12.11.2002; 07.11.2002; 01.11.2002; 08.11.2002;
#01/01/-01/145; #104; #23; #315/n.);
g) garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis ministris, Sromis,
janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris, geologiis saxelmwifo
departamentis Tavmjdomaris, teqnikuri zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifo inspeqciis
ufrosis erToblivi brZaneba _ `sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebisas, afeTqebis
samuSaoebis ganxorcielebisas, nayarebis ganlagebisas da eqsploataciisas
atmosferuli haeris dacvis wesebis Sesaxeb~ instruqciis damtkicebis Taobaze~
(01.11.2002; 07.11.2002; 08.11.2002; #27; #105; #23; #316/n.).
d) garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis ministrisa da transportisa
da komunikaciebis ministris erToblivi brZaneba `saqarTveloSi balasturi
wylebis marTvis proceduris Sesaxeb~ debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~ (#83
01.07.02 da #53 27.06.02).
71
5. satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo departamentis Tavmjdomaris brZanebebi:
a) `saangariSo tyekafis dadgenis wesebis Sesaxeb~ debulebis damtkicebis
Taobaze~ (22.02.2002; #10/27);
b) `tyekafis gamoyofis wesis Sesaxeb~ debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~
(28.03.2002; #10/93);
g) `satyeo plantaciuri meurneobis warmoebis wesis Sesaxeb~ debulebis
damtkicebis Taobaze~ (24.06.2002; #10/122);
d) `saxelmwifo tyis fondis aRdgenisa da gaSenebis Sesaxeb~ debulebis
damtkicebis Taobaze~ (04.12.2002; #10/161);
e) `saxelmwifo tyis fondis Sesaxeb informaciis da misi satyeo
meurneobis saxelmwifo departamentisaTvis gadacemis wesis Sesaxeb~ debulebis
damtkicebis Taobaze~ (04.12.2002; #10/160);
v) `tyis merqniani mcenareebis produqtebisa da xis meorexarisxovani
masalebis damzadebis wesis Sesaxeb~ debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~
(04.12.2002; #10/162);
z) `tyiT sargeblobis sanebarTvo dokumentis gacemisaTvis aucilebeli
dokumentaciis momzadebis, maT Soris tyekafebis gamoyofisTavis saWiro
Tanxebisa da maTi gadaxdis wesis Sesaxeb~ (03.12.2002; #10/159).
6. sxva uwyebis (Tanamdebobis piris) mier miRebuli (gamocemuli)
normatiuli aqtebi:
a) sagadasaxado Semosavlebis ministris brZaneba _ `bunebrivi resursebiT
sargeblobisaTvis gadasaxadis gamoangariSebisa da gadaxdis wesis Sesaxeb~
instruqciis Taobaze~ saqarTvelos sagadasaxado saxelmwifo departamentis
Tavmjdomaris 1999 wlis 11 noembris #265 brZanebaSi cvlilebebisa da
damatebebis Setanis Sesaxeb~ (14.02.2002; #83);
b) ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis ministris brZaneba _ `garemodan
amoRebuli mcenareuli resursebis, maTi nawilebisa da derivatebis, maT Soris
soWis girCebiT sargeblobisaTvis gadasaxadis gaangariSebis mizniT fasebis
damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (05.06.2002; #01/01-01/83);
g) q. Tbilisis sakrebulos gadawyvetileba _ `q. TbilisSi gamwvanebuli
teritotiebisa
da
bunebrivi
resursebis
racionalurad
gamoyenebaze
kontrolisa da zaralis anazRaurebis wesis gamkacrebis Sesaxeb~ (29.05.2002;
#6-4).
2002 wlis ganmavlobaSi garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis darRvevisaTvis
dadgenili iuridiuli sanqciebi ganxorcielda saqarTvelos administraciul
samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis Semdegi muxlebiT: wylis resursebis dacvis
sferoSi – 58-611 muxlebiT, atmosferuli haeris dacvis sferoSi – 77-78
muxlebiT, miwis resursebis dacvis sferoSi – 51-554 muxlebiT, cxovelTa
samyaros dacvis sferoSi – 85-854-e muxlebiT, daculi teritoriebisa da maTi
teritoriul-funqcionaluri zonebis dacvis wesebisa da reJimis darRveva –
89-e muxliT, mcenareTa sakarantino mavneblebTan, daavadebebsa da sarevelebTan
brZolis wesebis darRveva – 98-e muxliT, saqmianobis ganxorcieleba
garemosdacviTi
nebarTvebis
gareSe
an
damasabuTebeli
dokumentaciiT
gaTvaliswinebuli
saqmianobis
ganxorcieleba
garemosdacviT
nebarTvaSi
miTiTebuli, garemoze zemoqmedebis Semamcirebeli RonisZiebebis Sesrulebis
pirobebis darRveviT – 791 da 792 muxlebiT, garemosdacviTi moTxovnebis
72
darRveva sameurneo obieqtis eqspluataciaSi gadacemisas – 694-e muxliT,
garemosdacviTi saqmianobis licenzirebis wesis darRveva da garemoze mavne
zemoqmedebisaTvis licenzirebis wesis darRveva _ 692 da 693 muxlebiT.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Tanaxmad saqme aRiZra tyis
resursebis dacvis (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 303-e da 304-e muxlebiT),
wiaRisa da wiaRiseuli resursebis dacvis (298-e da 299-e muxlebiT),
cxovelTa samyaros dacvis (300-301-e muxlebiT) da atmosferuli haeris
dacvis (295-e muxliT) sferoSi.
73
Tavi 18
!
kontroli garemos dacvis sferoSi
saxelmwifo kontrols garemos dacvis sferoSi axorcieleben Semdegi uwyebebi: garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro, Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro, miwis marTvis saxelmwifo
departamenti, daculi teritoriebis, nakrZalebisa da samonadireo meurneobis
saxelmwifo departamenti, satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo departamenti.
2002 wels Semowmebebis raodenoba wina wlebTan SedarebiT Semcirda da
Seadgina 1397 (cxrili 18.1). calkeuli uwyebebis mixedviT Semowmebebis raodenoba ase nawildeba: miwis marTvis saxelmwifo departamenti _ 289, satyeo
meurneobis saxelmwifo departamenti _ 77, garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis
dacvis saministro _ 1031.
garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis darRvevis faqtebze mokvlevisa da reagirebisaTvis samarTaldamcav organoebs gadaeca 3278 oqmi, romelTaganac ganxilul
iqna 158. maT Soris: tyis resursebis dacvis sferoSi gadacemuli 2968 oqmidan
ganxilulia 1655, wylis resursebis dacvis sferoSi gadacemuli 116 oqmidan _
28, atmosferuli haeris dacvis sferoSi gadacemuli 71 oqmidan _ 16, miwis
resursebis dacvis sferoSi gadacemuli 48 oqmidan _ 18, cxovelTa samyaros
dacvis sferoSi gadacemuli 5 oqmidan _ 2, wiaRisa da wiaRiseuli resursebis
dacvis sferoSi gadacemuli 42 oqmidan _ 16, garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis
sxva darRvevebisaTvis gadacemuli 1339 oqmidan ganxilulia mxolod 118.
2002 wels gadacemuli iyo sul 3486 oqmi, ganixiles 346, anu oqmebis
daaxloebiT 10%.
2002 wels garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministroSi
kontrolis sferoSi dasaqmebuli iyo 95 specialisti, miwis marTvis
saxelmwifo
departamentSi
_
198,
satyeo
meurneobis
saxelmwifo
departamentSi _ 2272, romlebic uSualod axorcieleben saxelmwifo
kontrols, xolo 1454 _ tyis dacvis muSakia, romelTa ZiriTad funqcias
warmoadgens tyis fizikuri dacva da darRvevebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi
Sesabamisi oqmis Sedgena.
unda aRiniSnos, rom kontrolis sferoSi dasaqmebul muSakTa ricxovnoba
arasrulia.
74
cxrili 18.1
75
Tavi 19
garemosdacviTi politika da saxelmwifo programebi
garemosdacviTi politikis gatarebisaTvis ZiriTad da aucilebel pirobas
prioritetuli mimarTulebebis gansazRvra warmoadgens. saqarTvelos garemosdacviTi politikis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi gamoikveTa 90-iani wlebis
Sua periodidan da Semdeg mkafiod Camoyalibda garkveuli problemebis saxiT.
yvela prioritetuli mimarTulebebis mixedviT gansazRvrulia dRevandeli
mdgomareoba, gadasawyveti amocanebi da dadgenilia mdgomareobis gamosworebisaTvis sainvesticio proeqtebis, instituciuri mowyobis da sakanonmdeblo saqmianobis ganxorcielebis gzebi. 2000-2001 wlebSi prioritetul problemebad
miCneulia Semdegi mimarTulebebi:
dadgenilia saqarTvelos qalaqebis sasmeli wyliT momaragebasTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebi, romlebic ganpirobebulia wyalmomaragebis sistemebis moZvelebiT, misi calkeuli elementebis xSiri dazianebiT da saremonto samuSaoebis
CatarebisaTvis saWiro saxsrebis naklebobiT, rac iwvevs wyalmomaragebis sistemaSi 25-40% danakargs. xSirad ferxdeba maTi eleqtroenergiiT uzrunvelyofa. saTanadod ar aris daculi sasmeli wylis saTave nagebobebis
sanitariuli zonebi da qloris naklebobis gamo ver xerxdeba sasmeli wylebis
regularuli dezinfeqcia. savalalo mdgomareobaSia sakanalizacio sistemebi.
dadgenilia, rom zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebas iwvevs komunaluri
sakanalizacio sistemebidan, samrewvelo obieqtebidan, infeqciuri klinikebidan
da soflis meurneobis mecxoveleobis dargis obieqtebidan Camdinare wylebi,
xolo miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens soflis
meurneobaSi gamoyenebuli Sxamqimikatebi.
mdgomareobis gamosworebis mizniT sainvesticio proeqtebiT gansaxorcielebelia q. Tbilisis, quTaisis, Telavis, baTumis, foTis wyalmomaragebis
sistemebis gaumjobeseba. sakanalizacio sistemebisa da gamwmendi nagebobebis
reabilitacia. Ddasaxulia ”wylis Sesaxeb” kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesrulebis
mizniT makontrolebeli organoebis muSaobis gaZliereba, xolo wlis xarisxis
monitoringis sistemis SeqmnisaTvis saWiro iqneba donori qveynebis investiciebis mozidva.
saqarTvelos qalaqebis atmosferuli haeris dabinZureba ZiriTadad gamowveulia amortizebuli avtotransportiT da dabali xarisxis sawvavis gamoyenebiT, romelTa uaryofiT gavlenas aZlierebs saavtomobilo gzebis dabali
xarisxi. am saqmeSi wvlili Seaqvs saqarTvelos satranzito qveynad gaxdomas.
gansazRvrulia sainvesticio programebiT sazogadoebrivi eleqtrotransportis ganviTareba, avtotransportis gamonabolqvisa da sawvavis xarisxis
kontrolis gaZliereba, siTbosa da eleqtroenergiis kombinirebuli generaciis
sadgurebis mSenebloba.
unda dawesdes axali normebi sawvavis xarisxze da avtotransportis gamonabolqvze. misaRwevia saavtomobilo moZraobis optimizacia.
saqarTveloSi wiaRiseuli resursebi umetes SemTxvevaSi Ria karieruli
wesiT moipoveba, rac iwvevs miwis erozias da zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebas. energetikuli resursebi sustadaa gamoyenebuli. hidroeleqtrosadgurebi
76
saproeqto simZlavris mxolod naxevars iZleva. hidroresursebis garda sxva
ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyeneba Zalian CamorCeba qveynis procentials.
2000-2001 wlebSi gaizarda saqarTveloSi navTobis mopoveba da misi satranzito gadazidvebi. navTobis mopovebisaTvis gamoiyeneba saqarTveloSi aqamde
ucnobi teqnologiebi.
am mimarTulebiT garemosdacviTi politika iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva xasiaTis sademonstracio proeqtebis ganxorcielebas ufro sufTa warmoebis,
energoefeqturi teqnologiebis da ganaxlebadi energoresursebis sferoSi;
agreTve iseTi axali kanonebisa da kanonqvemdebare aqtebis SemuSavebas, romlebic uzrunvelyofs saukeTeso teqnologiebis gamoyenebas da evrokavSiris qveynebSi aprobirebuli standartizebuli garemosdacviTi marTvis sistemis SemoRebas. yovelive amis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa saTanado kadrebis momzadeba,
risTvisac aucilebelia arsebuli ekologiurad ufro sufTa warmoebis centris gaZliereba.
saqarTveloSi adre arsebuli da amJamindeli sayofacxovrebo da sawarmoo
narCenebis marTvis praqtika mniSvnelovan zians ayenebs garemos, rac gamoixateba
zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis, atmosferuli haeris, niadagis dabinZurebasa
da epidemiur daavadebaTa gavrcelebis saSiSroebaSi.
am mimarTulebiT sainvesticio proeqtebiT gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi
iTvaliswinebs narCenebis Segrovebisa da transportirebis saSualebaTa SeZenas,
nagavsayrelTa mowyobas garemosdacviTi da sanitaruli normebis moTxovnebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, agreTve radiaqtiuli, toqsikuri da sxva saxis saxifaTo
narCenebis gansaTavsebeli adgilebis mowyobas Sesabamisi normebis moTxovnebis
dakmayofilebiT. SesamuSavebulia kanoni da kanonqvemdebare aqtebi, romlebic
uzrunvelyofen narCenebis klasifikacias, Camoayalibeben narCenebis Segrovebis,
daxarisxebis, transportirebis, gadamuSavebis, gauvneblobis, gamoyenebisa da
ganTavsebis wesebs, gansazRvraven organizaciaTa kompetenciebsa da funqciebs
narCenebis marTvis sferoSi. narCenebis marTvis sferoSi mniSvnelovani berketi
unda gaxdes ekonomikuri instrumentebis gamoyeneba.
saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa marTvis sferoSi sainvesticio proeqtebiT
gaTvaliswinebulia narCenebis gauvnebloba da meorad resursad an nedleulad
gamoyenebis sademonstracio proeqtis ganxorcieleba. sakanonmdeblo da instituciuri cvlilebebi iTvaliswinebs saSiS qimiur nivTierebebis marTvis sakiTxebis mowesrigebas, maTi gamocdis, aRricxvisa da registraciis sistemis srulyofas saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT da am nivTierebaTa narCenebis
gauvnebloba-utilizaciis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis gatarebis mizniT
uwyebaTSorisi koordinaciis uzrunvelyofas.
ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT soflis meurneobis yvelaze didi problemaa
erozia. finansuri problemebis gamo bolo aTwleulSi eroziis sawinaaRmdego
agroteqnikuri samuSaoebi TiTqmis ar tardeba.
qalaqebisa da dabebis miwebisaTvis ZiriTad problemas araswori dagegmva
warmoadgens. sabWoTa kavSirSi qalaqebis dagegmvisas ar xdeboda iseTi garemosdacviTi aspeqtis gaTvaliswineba, rogoricaa xmauri. satransporto magistralebTan da samrewvelo obieqtebTan ar iqmneboda buferuli zonebi, xolo iq
sadac iseTi zonebi Tavidan iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, SemdgomSi mainc Sendeboda
sacxovrebeli saxlebi. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg ki dagegmvasa da mSeneblobaze kontroli kidev ufro Sesustda. xSirad komerciuli da momsaxurebis
77
obieqtebi ixsneba parkebSi an maT mimdebare teritoriebze, riTac mcirdeba
isedac mwiri mwvane nargavebis raodenoba.
miwis resursebiT racionaluri sargeblobis sferoSi garemosdacviTi
politika iTvaliswinebs sainvesticio proeqtebiT soflis meurneobaSi saukeTeso ekologiuri praqtikis gamoyenebis sademonstracio proeqtebis ganxorcielebas da niadagis eroziis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebaTa Catarebas qarsacavi
zolebisa da mTis ferdobebze mravalwliani nargavebis gaSenebis saxiT.
aucilebladaa miCneuli niadagis dacvis saxelmwifo programis SemuSaveba,
romelic aRwers niadagis degradaciis amJamindel mdgomareobas da dasaxavs
realurad gansaxorcielebel sainvesticio RonisZiebebs.
gamovlinebulia Savi zRvis ZiriTadi damabinZurebeli faqtorebi saqarTveloSi. es aris navTobproduqtebis CatvirTva da gadmotvirTva tankerebidan,
navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnidan navTobproduqtebis Cadineba zRvaSi. mdinareebs
zRvaSi CaaqvT sayofacxovrebo da samrewvelo Camdinare wylebi, romlebic
dabinZurebulia sxvadasxva mavne narCenebiTa da nivTierebebiT. zRvis dabinZureba xdeba gemebidan, portebidan da zRvispira qalaqebis narCenebis gansaTavsebeli adgilebidan.
garemosdacviTi politikiT gansazRvrulia Savi zRvis ekologiuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi, rac iTvaliswinebs
Savi zRvis auzSi ganlagebuli qalaqebis sakanalizacio wylebis gauvnebelyofisaTvis saWiro teqnikuri sistemebis reabilitacias. portebis Camdinare da
sabalasto wylebis kontrols da Savi zRvis dacvis konvenciuri inspeqciis
saTanado momzadebas.
Savi zRvis ekologiuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba sanapiro zonis integrirebuli marTvis programas, romlis
ganxorcieleba 1999 wels daiwyo. es programa xorcieldeba msoflio bankis,
globaluri garemosdacviTi fondis da holandiis mTavrobis finansuri
xelSewyobiT.
aucilebelia sanapiro zonis integrirebuli marTvis Sesaxeb sakanonmdeblo aqtebis SemuSaveba.
sainvesticio proeqtebiT gaTvaliswinebulia kolxeTis erovnuli parkis
Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba. zRvis napirisa da wylis xarisxis monitoringis
sistemebis Seqmna da navTobiT avariuli dabinZurebis SemTxvevaSi reagirebis
gegmis SemuSaveba.
tyes saqarTveloSi teritoriis daaxloebiT 40% ukavia. sabWoTa periodSi xis masala saqarTvelos ruseTidan Semoqonda, rac tyis dacvisa da xeluxleblad Senaxvis saSualebas iZleoda. saqarTvelos tyeebis udidesi nawili
dResac klasificirdeba rogorc dacviTi mniSvnelobis, magram xdeba misi
ukanono Wra, romlis aRkveTa ver moxerxda. ukanono Wras xels uwyobs tyis
produqtebze msoflio bazarze maRali fasebi, saqarTveloSi ki gaumarTlebeli
siiafe.
tyis resursebis mdgradi gamoyenebis da ekologiuri wonasworobis SenarCunebis mizniT msoflio bankis mxardaWeriT SemuSavda “saqarTvelos satyeo
meurneobis ganviTarebis strategia”, romliTac gansazRvrulia satyeo meurneobis mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis gansaxorcielebeli instituciuri cvlilebebi
da sainvesticio proeqtebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi. Dasaxulia satyeo meurneobis sferoSi reformebis gatareba Semdegi prioritetuli mimarTulebebiT:
78
•
•
•
•
tyis ekosistemebis SenarCunebis uzrunvelyofa;
tyis resursebis TviTaRdgeniTi procesebis stabilurobis uzrunvelyofa;
sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa;
satyeo meurneobis muSaTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba da maTi ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba;
• satyeo meurneobis sistemis reforma saxelmwifosaTvis samewarmeo
funqciebis TandaTan Camocilebis gziT;
• satyeo meurneobis dargSi kerZo investiciaTa mozidvis mizniT saTanado
pirobebis Seqmna;
garemos dacvis globaluri problemebidan unda aRiniSnos Semdegi problemebi:
a) klimatis cvlileba
1994 wlidan saqarTvelo mierTebuli gaerTianebuli erebis CarCo-konvencias
klimatis cvlilebis Sesaxeb (rio-de-Janeiro 1992 weli). saqarTvelos
prezidentis 1996 wlis #630 brZanebulebiT Seiqmna klimatis cvlilebaTa
saxelmwifo komisia. 1997 wlis ianvridan gaeros daxmarebiT da globaluri
garemosdacviTi fondis dafinansebiT xorcieldeba proeqti “daxmarebis gaweva
saqarTvelosaTvis klimatis cvlilebis CarCo-konvenciis farglebSi mis
valdebulebaTa Sesasruleblad”. mimdinareobs saTburis efeqtis mqone airebis
jamuri gafrqvevis inventarizacia.
b) stratosferuli ozonis daSla
1995 wels saqarTvelo SeuerTda ozonis Sris dacvis Sesaxeb venis
konvencias (vena, 1985w) da mis monrealis oqms. saqarTveloSi dadgenilia
ozondamSlel nivTierebaTa sabazo done da miRebulia gadawyvetileba am
nivTierebaTa importis srul Sewyvetaze 2005 wlisaTvis. am oqmis
mravalmxrivi fondis sazedamxedvelo sabWom daamtkica 1998-2000 wlebSi
gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebis dafinanseba.
g) biomravalferovneba
saqarTvelo 1994 wels SeuerTda konvencias “biologiuri mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb” (rio-de-Janeiro 1992 weli), xolo 1996 wels _
ramsarisa da vaSingtonis konvenciebs. amJamad saqarTveloSi 15 nakrZalia. 1999
wels amoqmedda borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki. dagegmilia TuSeTis
erovnuli parkis Seqmna. gamokveTilia am mimarTulebis garemosdacviTi
politikis prioritetuli problemebi.
garemos dacvis politikis warmarTvisaTvis gamovlenilia arsebuli
problemebi da dadgenilia gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi Semdegi ZiriTadi
mimarTulebebi:
a) sakanonmdeblo da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebi;
b) ekonomikuri instrumentebi;
g) garemos dacvaze saxelmwifo kontroli;
d) garemos mdgomareobis da mavne emisiebis monitoringi;
e) sazogadoebis informireba da misi monawileoba garemoze zemoqmedebis
Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovan gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi.
saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros
sistemaSi 2001 wlis ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifosa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier dafinansebuli proeqtebi mocemulia cxrilSi 19.1.
79
cxrili 19.1
2002w. saxelmwifosa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier dafinansebuli proeqtebi
#
proeqtis dasaxeleba
proeqtis
ganxorcielebis
vadebi
1
2
3
4
5
1
saqarTvelos garemosa da
bunebrivi resursebis dacvis
saministros SesaZleblobaTa
gaZlierebis programa
1998 wels
daiwyo
grZeldeba
2003 wlis
bolomde
saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis
saministros SesaZleblobaTa gaZliereba komunikaciebis
sistemis (regionebsa da centralur ofisebs Soris, maTi
kompiuteruli teqnikiT aRWurva da maTi efeqturi moxmarebis mizniT treningi struqturebSi momuSave personalis). struqturuli da samuSao praqtikis analizi da
rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba misi efeqtianobis amaRlebis
mizniT. mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefciis SemuSaveba.
saqarTveloSi ozonis damSleli nivTierebebis (odn) xmarebidan amoRebisaTvis Sesabamisi klimatis Seqmna (ozonis
Sris daSlis fenomenis, am movlenis potenciuri mavne zemoqmedebisa da am procesebSi adamianis rolis gacnobiereba); odn-is xmarebidan amoRebisaTvis Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis momzadeba; odn-is moxmarebis monacemTa Sesaxeb
angariSgebis sistemis ganmtkiceba; odn-is Semcveli teqnologiebis danergvisaTvis safuZvlis momzadeba; CamoTvlili moqmedebaTa ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro instituciuri infrastruqturis gaZliereba
400 000
aSS
dolari
UNDPgaerTianebuli
erebis organizaciis ganviTarebis programa
holandiis
mTavroba
gaeros organizaciis
ganviTarebis programa
UNDP-saqarTvelos
ofisi
saqarTvelos
garemosa da
bunebrivi
resursebis
dacvis
saministro
46,700
aSS
dolari
monrealis oqmis
mravalmxrivi
fondi
gaeros
garemosdacviTi
programa (UNEP DTIE)
da saqarTvelos
garemosa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis
saministros “ozonis
erTeuli”
saqarTvelos
garemosa da
bunebrivi
resursebis
dacvis
saministro
1) erovnuli parkis daarseba (grantis odenoba – 5
milioni germanuli marka);
2) treningisa da ekologiuri ganaTlebis programa
(grantis odenoba – 1 700 000 germanuli marka).;
3) damxmare zonis municipaluri infrastruqturis
reabilitaciis da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis programa
(7,5 milioni marka granti, 4,5 milioni SeRavaTiani
sakredito xazi);
4) dasaqmebis RonisZiebebi borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli
parkis damxmare zonaSi (grantis odenoba - 5 milioni
marka)
80
23.7
mln.
german.
marka
germaniis rekonstruqciis
sakredito banki
`saqarTveloSi bunebis
dacvis msoflio
fondi~ (WWF)
garemosa da
bunebrivi
resursebis
dacvis
saministro
3 instituciuri gaZliereba
monrealis oqmisadmi
saqarTvelos valdebulebaTa SesrulebisaTvis
(faza II)
2001w.
2003w.
6 borjom-xaragaulis
erovnuli parkis
ganviTarebis programa
1999 2004
proeqtis mizani
proeqtis
biujeti
donori
organizacia
6
proeqtis
Semsruleblebi
proeqtis
beneficiarebi
7
8
cxrili 19.1-is gagrZeleba
1
7
2
saqarTvelos daculi
teritori ebis
ganviTarebis proeqti
9 Savi zRvis sanapiro
zonis integrirebuli
marTvis proeqti
5
6
3
4
mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi dasrulda, proeqtis
ganxorcieleba jer ar
dawyebula
1998 _
2004w.w.
proeqti miznad isaxavs biomravalferovnebis
SenarCunebas tyis ekosistemebSi sami daculi
teritoriis Camoyalibebis, da maT damakavSirebel
landSaftebSi mdgradi menejmentis gziT.
Catarda proeqtis mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi. msoflio
bankis direqtorTa sabWos mier proeqti damtkicda 2001
wlis 24 maiss.
sanapiro zonis erTiani marTvis organos – sakoordinacio komitetis Seqmna; sanapiro zonis integrirebuli marTvis Sesaxeb sakanonmdeblo aqtebis SemuSaveba;
centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebis
instituciuri gaZliereba sanapiro zonis
integrirebuli marTvis TvalsazrisiT; sanapiro zolis
eroziis problemis Seswavla da mis gadasawyvetad
saWiro investiciebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba;
prioritetuli sainvesticio proeqtebis momzadeba;
kolxeTis erovnuli parkis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba;
zRvis napirisa da wylis xarisxis monitoringis sistemebis Seqmna, navTobiT avariuli dabinZurebis SemTxvevebSi reagirebis gegmebis SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba.
10 000
000 aSS
dolari
msoflio banki,
globaluri garemos
dacvis fondi
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis
ganviTarebis centri
6.6 mln.
aSS
dolari.
proeqti finansdeba
saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis asociaciis
kreditis saxsrebiT,
globaluri garemosdacviTi fondis grantiT da agreTve holandiis da saqarTvelos mTavrobebis
TanadafinansebiT.
kerZod, kreditis
sawyisi odenoba Seadgenda 4,4 mln. aSS
dolars, grantis –
1,3 aSS dolars, saqarTvelos dafinansebis wvlili –
0.9 mln. aSS
UNDP
proeqts
axorcielebs sanapiros integrirebuli marTvis
centri
1
1
qveynis potencialis
momzadeba teqnologiebis gadacemis procesisaTvis erovnuli
Setyobinebis II faza
UNDP/GEF
GEO/96/G31
1999 _
2002w.w.
saqarTveloSi 1999 da 2000 wlebSi energetikisa da
mrewvelobis seqtorebSi moqmedi teqnologiebis
energoefeqturobis Sefaseba. yvelaze dabalefeqturi
teqnologiebis gamovlena da maTTvis saproeqto
winadadebebis momzadeba
100 000
aSS
dolari
1
2
regionaluri proeqti.
modeluri proeqti
radiac. usafr.
sferoSi RER/062
2000 _
2004w.w.
maregulirebeli organos struqturis ganmtkiceba
proeqtis atomuri energiis
biujeti saerTaSoriso saagenCvenTvis to vena, avstria
ucnobia
81
7
klimatis
cvlilebis
erovnuli
saagento
atomuri
energiis
saerTaSor.
saagento
8
daculi teritoriebis, turizmis da
samonadireo meurneobebis sax. depart;
garemosa da bunebr.
resursebis dacvis
saminist.
saqarTvelos garemosa
da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis
saministro
saqarTvelos mTavroba,
UNFCCC-is mxareTa
konferencia energetikis saministro, ekonomikis saministro,
msxvili samrewvelo
obieqtebi energetikis
da mrewvelobis seqt.
birTvuli da radiaciuli usafrTxoebis
samsaxuri; garemosa da
bunebr. res. dacv. sam.
cxrili 19.1-is gagrZeleba
1
2
13
saqarTvelosaTvis
gadaudebeli
daxmarebis proeqti
GEO9/004
1999 _
2003w.w.
dakarguli radiaciuli wyaroebis moZieba
16
globaluri garemos dacvis TvalsazrisiT qveynis
SesaZleblobebis
TviTSefaseba
2002w. –
2004w
17
mdgradi organuli
damabinZureblebis
mimarT gansaxorcielebel moqmedebaTa
erovnuli gegmis
Sedgena stokholmis konvenciis
egidiT
20032005
globaluri garemos dacvisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT, kerZod ki, sami globaluri konvenciis
– klimatis cvlilebis, biomravalferovnebis da
gaudabnoebis winaaRmdeg brZolis konvenciebis
ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT saqarTveloSi
arsebuli finansuri, teqnikuri, instituciuri da
adamianuri resursebis SesaZleblobebis Sefaseba,
aseve am SesaZleblobebis gansaviTareblad Sesabamisi
strategiis da programis momzadeba.
mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis marTvis
erovnuli moqmedebaTa gegmis Sedgena
18
biousafrTxoebis
erovnuli sistemis
SemuSaveba
3
20022004
4
5
saqarTvelos mier biomravalferovnebis dacvis oqmis
amoqmedebisaTvis SesaZleblobis Seqmna am oqmis
miTiTebebis Sesatyvisi biousafrTxoebis erovnuli
sistemis agebis gziT
82
6
7
atomuri energiis
saerTaSoriso
saagento
vena avstria
atomuri energiis
saerTaSoriso
saagento
168 000
aSS
dolari
UNDP- globaluri
garemos dacvis
fondi (GEF)
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis
dacvis saministro.
sakontaqto piri:
malxaz adeiSvili
tel: 33 40 82
398 000
aSS
dolari
globaluri
garemos dacvis
fondi (GEF)
alverd Canqseliani, miwis resursebis dacvis,
qimiur nivTierebaTa da narCenebis
marTvis sammarTvelos ufrosi;
biujeti
CvenTvis
ucnobia
166 000
aSS
dolari
globaluri
garemos dacvis
fondi, gaeros
garemosdacviTi
programa
givi kalandaZe,
miwis resursebis
dacvis, qimiur
nivTierebaTa da
narCenebis marTvis
sammarTvelos
ufrosis moadgile,
t: 23 06 64
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis
dacvis saministro.
sakontaqto piri:
maka wereTeli
tel: 33 28 60
8
birTvuli da radiaciuli usafrTxoebis
samsaxuri; garemosa da
bunebrivi resursebis
dacvis saministro
garemosa da bunebrivi
reursebis dacvis
saministro
garemosa da bunebrivi
reursebis dacvis
saministro
garemosa da bunebrivi
resursebis dacvis
saministro.
t: 23 06 64
Tavi 20
ekologiuri usafrTxoeba!
katastroful
movlenebTan
brZolis,
saxelmwifo
sakoordinacio
samsaxuris mier:
a) SemuSavda navTobsadenis didi xanZrebisagan dacvis da ekologiuri
katastrofebis Tavidan acilebis RonisZiebebi.
b) SemuSavda
saxelmwifosaTvis
strategiuli
obieqtebis,
gazis
navTobsadenebis da portebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi.
aRniSnuli proeqti saSualebas iZleva didi sizustiT ganisazRvros
avariis dro da mdebareoba mosalodneli katastrofebis Sedegebis Serbilebis
mizniT;
g) q. yvarelSi, mestiis raionSi Rvarcofis saSiS mdgomareobasTan
dakavSirebiT SemuSavda mosalodneli katastrofebis sawinaaRmdego gadaudebel
RonisZiebaTa kompleqsebi, romelic wardgenili iqna saqarTvelos prezidentTan
da finansTa saministroSi;
d) momzadda ekologiuri auditoriuli saqmianobis kanonis CarCo
proeqti;
e) momzadda ekosocialuri kiTxvari, romlis mizania mosaxleobis
gamokiTxvebis safuZvelze katastrofebis prognozirebis mecnieruli meTodebis
damuSaveba;
v) Sesrulda samuSao “q. Tbilisis katastrofasaSiSi wyaroebis (xevebis)
Seswavla da damcavi RonisZiebebi”;
z) momzadda winadadebebi – “saqarTvelos mosaxleobisa da mniSvnelovani
obieqtebis ekologiuri dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT”;
T) ganxilul iqna proeqti _ “saqarTvelos garemosa da janmrTelobis
dacvis samoqmedo erovnuli gegma “garemo da janmrTeloba”;
i) wardgenil iqna programa indikatur gegmaSi Sesatanad, “katastrofuli
wyaldidobebisa da Rvarcofebisagan dacvis gadaudebel RonisZiebaTa SemuSaveba”.
83
Tavi 21
garemosdacviTi da bunebrivi resursebiT
sargeblobis ekonomikuri meqanizmebi
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi msoflios ganviTarebul qveynebSi did
yuradRebas ipyrobs ekonomikuri instrumentebis gamoyenebis praqtika.
saqarTveloSi garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebis SemoReba ukavSirdeba politikuri reformebis da sabazro-urTierTobebze gadasvlis procesis dasawyiss.
1993 wlis Semdeg amoqmedda dokumentebi:
a) gadasaxadi stacionaruli wyaroebidan atmosferuli haeris mavne
nivTierebebiT dabinZurebisaTvis moqmedebs 1993 wlidan saqarTvelos mTavrobis
#1010 (oqtomberi, 1992w.) dadgenilebis “garemos mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZurebisaTvis gadasaxadebis SemoRebis Sesaxeb” safuZvelze;
b) gadasaxadi wiaRiseulis resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis. moqmedebs 1994
wlidan. gadasaxadis SemoRebas safuZvlad udevs saqarTvelos mTavrobis 1993
wlis #752 dadgenileba “bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis gadasaxadis
Taobaze”, romlis mixedviTac saqarTveloSi bunebrivi resursebiT sargebloba
fasiani gaxda.
cxrilSi 21.1 mocemulia garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebidan miRebuli
Tanxebis raodenoba calkeuli wlebis mixedviT, xolo nax. 21.1-Si garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebidan (1995-2002w.w.) miRebuli Tanxebis dinamikaa naCvenebi.
cxrili 21.1
garemosdacviTi da bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis
gadasaxadebidan miRebuli Tanxebis raodenobebi (1995-2002ww.)
aTas larebSi
gadasaxadebis
saxeebi
#
1 mavne nivTierebebiT
garemos dabinZurebisaTvis
gadasaxadidan Semosavlebi
(mimdinare fasebSi)
2 bunebrivi resursebiT
sargeblobisaTvis
gadasaxadidan Semosavlebi
(mimdinare fasebSi)
sul
1995w.
1996w.
1997w.
1998w.
1999w.
2000w.
2001w.
2002w.
265
2412
2581
6938
16548
10001
11940
15358,3
1932
2914
2720
2164
5214
7477
7355
9092,3
2197
5326
5301
9102
21762
17478
19295
24450,6
84
Tanxa aTas larebSi
garemosdac vi Ti gad asax adebi dan mi Rebu l i Tanx ebi s di nami ka
(aTasi l ari , 1995-2002w. w. )
26000
24000
22000
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
wlebi
1-Semosavlebi mavne nivTierebebiT garemos dabinZurebisaTvis gadasaxadidan (mimdinare fasebSi)
2-Semosavlebi bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis gadasaxadidan (mimdinare fasebSi)
3-sul garemosdacviTi gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebi (mimdinare fasebSi)
nax. 21.1
rogorc naxazidan Cans, mavne nivTierebebiT garemos dabinZurebisa da
bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis
gadasaxadebis raodenobebi wlebis
mixedviT izrdeba (gamonaklisia 1999-2000w.w., nawilobriv _ 2000-2001w.w.).
2002 wels 1995 welTan SedarebiT mavne nivTierebebiT garemos dabinZurebisaTvis Semosavlebi gadasaxadidan 60-jer aris momatebuli (2001 welTan
SedarebiT ki 1,3-jer metia), xolo bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis
gadasaxadi 2001 welTan SedarebiT 1337,3 aTasi lariTaa momatebuli. mTlianad
2002 wels garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebidan miRebuli Semosavlebi 1995 wlis
maCvenebels aRemateba daaxloebiT 12-jer, xolo 2001 welTan SedarebiT daaxloebiT 1,27-jer metia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom garemosdacviTi gadasaxadebidan miRebuli Semosavlebi
yovelwliurad izrdeboda gadasaxadebis SemoRebis pirveli wlidan, garda
zemoT aRniSnuli wlebisa.
gadasaxadis gadamxdelia yvela iuridiuli da fizikuri piri, romelic
Tavisi ekonomikuri saqmianobiT stacionaruli wyaroebidan abinZurebs atmosferul haers. gadasaxadebis dabegvris obieqtia mavne nivTierebebis masa _ saqarTvelos aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis Sesabamisi garemosdacviTi organoebis
mier dadgenili limitis farglebSi. limitis farglebs zemoT emisiisaTvis
mewarme subieqti ixdis gadasaxadis xuTmag odenobas.
2002 wels mavne nivTierebebiT garemos dabinZurebisaTvis gadasaxadidan
Semosavalma Seadgina 15.358 aTasi lari, xolo aqedan 95% Semovida sawvavis
importze.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze wylis resursebiT sargebloba fasiania.
gadasaxadis gadamxdelebi arian fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi, romelTa
saqmianoba wylis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT eqvemdebareba licenzirebas
wylis resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis.
gadasaxadis odenoba ganisazRvreba procentebSi wiaRiseuli resursis
fasis mixedviT, romelsac regularulad adgens mrewvelobis, ekonomikisa da
85
vaWrobis saministro garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrosTan
SeTanxmebiT. gadasaxadiT ibegreba sasargeblo wiaRiseuli resursebis mTeli
speqtri, miwisqveSa mineraluri da mtknari wylebi, aseve myari sasargeblo
wiaRiseulis mopovebis da gadamuSavebis, narCenebis da samTamadno sawarmoTa
gamdidrebis kodebi.
sagadasaxado
kodeqsSi
TiToeuli
sasargeblo
wiaRiseulisaTvis
gansazRvrulia gadasaxadis minimaluri da maqsimaluri odenoba. gadasaxadis
konkretul odenobas (procents), garda navTobis da gazis resursebisaTvis,
sagadasaxado kodeqsSi gansazRvrul farglebSi, adgens wiaRiseuli resursebiT
sargeblobis sauwyebaTaSoriso salicenzio saeqsperto sabWo (wiaRiseuli
resursebiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb licenziis gacemis yovel konkretul
SemTxvevaSi). gadasaxadis odenobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas sabWo
iTvaliswinebs resursis xarisxs da gavrcelebas. navTobisa da gazis
resursebis sargeblobisaTvis gadasaxads, zRvruli odenobis farglebSi adgens
navTobis da gazis resursebis maregulirebeli saxelmwifo saagento, romelic
gascems licenzias am resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis.
86
Tavi 22
garemosdacviTi saqmianobis dafinanseba
“saqarTvelos 2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb” kanoniT,
saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros saerTo
xarjebisaTvis 2002 wels biujeti daumtkicda
810,7 aT. lari, saStato
ricxovnoba 522 erTeuli.
,,2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb’’ saqarTvelos kanonis me-16
muxlis me-2 punqtis ,,a’’ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad da
finansTa saministros
16.07.02 w. #04-02-04-15 werilis safuZvelze, damtkicebul biujetSi
Setanilia cvlileba (cvlileba gamowveulia 2001 wlis dekembris Tvis Sromis
anazRaurebisa da Sesabamisad damqiraveblidan anaricxebis sakaso xarjis 2002
wlis ianvaris TveSi gadatanis gamo) da saministros biujets daemata 30,5 aT.
lari (m.S. xelfasi 24,2 aT. lari damqiraveblidan anaricxebi 6,3 aT. lari),
aseve, wina periodis davalianebis dasafaravad (sistemis ori institutisaTvis)
_ 4,3 aT. lari (m.S. xelfasi 3.3 aT. lari damqiraveblidan anaricxebi 1.0 aT.
lari). aRniSnuli cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT dazustebulma biujetma
Seadgina 845,6 aT. lari.
2002 wels saministros mier gaweuli sakaso xarji Seadgens 737.9
aT. lars, rac 107,7 aT. lariT naklebia gegmiur dazustebul maCvenebelze, anu saministros faqtiuri dafinanseba dazustebul gegmasTan SedarebiT ganxorcielda 87%-iT.
saxelmwifo miznobrivi programebis dafinansebam, gegmiuri 200,0 aT.
laris mimarT, Seadgina 171,1 aT. lari, rac gegmis 86%-s Seadgens.
gasul, 2001 welTan SedarebiT, mimdinare wels saxelmwifo biujetidan
faqtiurad miRebuli dafinanseba gazrdilia 191,9 aT. lariT, anu 35%-iT.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministroSi biujetgareSe
(specsaxsrebi)
Semosavlebis
wyaroebia:
garemosdacviTi
kanonmdeblobis
darRvevebisaTvis garemoze miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebidan miRebuli
Semosavali, wayenebuli jarimebidan miRebuli Semosavali, ekologiuri
eqspertizis proceduris momsaxurebis xarjebi, agreTve, mecnierebaSi fasiani
momsaxureobidan miRebuli Semosavlebi.
2002 wlis ganmavlobaSi Semosavlebi navaraudevi iyo 600,6 aT. lari
(naSTis gaTvaliswinebiT 605,1 aT. lari), saidanac xarjviT nawilSi _ 328.0
aT. lari.
imis gamo, rom 2002 wlis 6 TveSi faqtiurad miRebulma Semosavalma
Seadgina mxolod 80,9 aT. lari, anu wliuri gegmis 13%, amitom arasagadasaxado Semosavlebis gegmis Semcirebis gamo, saministrom 15.01.03 #05-08/27
weriliT mimarTa saqarTvelos finansTa saministros “saqarTvelos 2002 wlis
biujetis Sesaxeb” kanonSi cvlilebis Setanis Taobaze gegmis Semcirebis
mizniT.
cvlilebis gatarebis
Semdeg dazustebulma savaraudo gegmam Seadgina
335,3 aT. lari.
87
2002 wlis damtkicebuli biujetiT garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis
dacvis saministros centraluri aparatis saerTo xarji daigegma 278,3 aT.
laris odenobiT, dazustebuli biujeti Seadgens 294,2 aT. lars.
saangariSo periodSi saministros aparatis faqtiurma dafinansebam (sakaso)
Seadgina 255,2 aT. lari.
saministros centraluri aparatis biujetgareSe Semosavlebis wyaros
warmoadgens garemosdacviTi nebarTvis gacemis proceduris momsaxureoba
(axorcielebs garemosdacviTi nebarTvisa da saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis departamenti) da garemoze miyenebuli zianisa da jarimis anazRaureba
(Savi zRvis dacvis konvenciuri inspeqcia).
sul Semosavlebma Seadgina 164,8 aT. lari. m.S. saqmianobis saxeebis mixedviT ekologiuri eqspertizis momsaxureobisaTvis, 2002 wels centraluri
aparatis mier, miRebul iqna 156,9 aT. lari (m.S. 1,9 aT. lari naSTia),
romelic moxmarda saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis Catarebas da mis
momsaxurebas: xarjebi gaweul iqna 107,6 aT. laris, biujetSi Setanilia 10,8
aT. lari. naSTi Seadgens 38,5 aT. lars.
Savi zRvis dacvis konvenciurma inspeqciam miiRo 7,9 aT. lari (m.S. 0,2
aT. lari wina periodis naSTia) aqedan garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis
darRvevisaTvis jarimebidan 1,5 aT.lari.
bunebrivi da anTropogenuli katastrofebis prognozirebis sakoordinacio
samsaxuris Sesanaxi xarjebi 2002 wlis biujetis kanoniT daigegma 24,0 aT.
laris odenobiT. dazustebuli gegma ganisazRvra 25,2 aT. lariT.
Sesabamis periodSi, aRniSnuli samsaxuris mier faqtiurad miRebulia
dafinanseba anu gaweulia sakaso xarjma Seadgina 23,1 aT. lari, rac gegmiuri
maCveneblis 92%-s Seadgens.
garemos monitoringis centris samsaxuris xarjebi 2002 wlis damtkicebuli biujetis gegmiT ganisazRvra 16,8 aT. laris odenobiT. dazustebuli
gegma ganisazRvra 18,6 aT. lariT.
faqtobrivi xarjebi gaweulia 14,9 aT. laris.
saministros teritoriuli samsaxurebis saStato erTeulTa saerTo
ricxovnoba 199. mimdinare xarjebi 2002 wlis damtkicebuli biujetiT
ganisazRvra 192,2 aT. laris odenobiT, romelic cvlilebebis gaTvalisiwinebiT
dazustda da Seadgina 200,0 aT. lari.
Sesabamis periodSi teritoriuli samsaxurebis faqtiurma anu sakaso dafinansebam Seadgina 176,7 aT. lari, rac dazustebuli gegmis 88,3-%-ia. aRniSnul
periodSi teritoriuli samsaxurebis mier daricxulia faqtiuri xarji 175,1
aT. lari.
teritoriuli samsaxurebis biujetgareSe (specsaxsrebi) Semosavlebi sul
2002 wels damtkicda 314,0 aT. lari, aqedan, saxelmwifo biujetSi Sesatania
199,3 aT. lari. xarjebi _ 113,8 aT. laris. dazustebis (Semcirebis) Semdeg gaxda 68,0 aT. lari, biujetSi Senatanebi 25,4 aT. lari, xarjebi 42,5 aT. lari.
sul miRebuli Semosavlebia 48,7 aT. lari, aqedan naSTi Seadgens 2,3 aT.
lars. saqmianobis saxeebis mixedviT faqtiuri Semosavlebi Semdegnairad nawildeba:
_ saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis proceduris momsaxurebidan
miRebulia 34,6 aT. lari, romelsac ixdis investori (saqmianobis subieqti) da
88
mTlianad xmardeba aRniSnuli proceduris xarjebs (mowveuli eqspertebis
Sromis anazRaurebis, mivlinebisa da sxva xarjebi). biujetSi Setanilia 4,1 aT.
lari (d.R.g). naSTi periodis bolos 3,3 aT. lari.
_ garemoze miyenebuli zaralis anazRaurebidan (100%) 10,2 aT. lari.
aqedan, biujetSi Setanilia 6,4 aT. lari. gaxarjulia 3,4 aT.lari. naSTi
Seadgens 322 lars.
_ garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis darRvevisaTvis jarimidan (100%) _ 2,8
aT. lari. aqedan, biujetSi Setanilia 1,2 aT. lari. gaxarjulia 1,5 aT.lari,
naSTi Seadgens 84 lars.
_ sxva Semosavlebi 1,8 aT. lari, es aris kaxeTis regionaluri sammarTvelos mier avtomanqanis gayidvidan miRebuli Semosavali, naSTi Seadgens 182
lars.
_ wina periodis naSTi fasiani momsaxureobidan, romelic darCa BbiujetSi
gadasaricxad mcxeTa-mTianeTis sammarTvelos 975 lari
saministros 2001 wlis saxelmwifo biujetiT ganesazRvra 6 saxelmwifomiznobrivi programa (biujetis organizaciuli klasifikaciis kodi 20 07),
romelTa gegmiuri jamuri maCvenebeli 2002 wlis biujetiT Seadgenda 200,0
aT. lars,
saministros 25 ivlisis #05-08/1267 werilis Tanaxmad, finansTa saministrom Seitana cvlileba saministros programebis 2002 wlis damtkicebul
biujetSi. kerZod, 40,0 aT. lariT gaizarda specialuri miznobrivi programis
“saqarTvelos mineraluri resursebis geologiuri, samTo-teqnikuri, ekonomikuri da ekologiuri Sefaseba maTi licenzirebisa da kvlavwarmoebis mizniT”
da amave odenobiT Semcirda “saqarTvelos teritoriaze yofili sabWoTa armiis
mier datovebuli raketuli sawvavis gauvneblobis programis” biujeti, romlis
dafinanseba da Sesabamisad dasruleba moxda “euTos” saxsrebiT.
programa _ ”saqarTvelos mineraluri resursebis geologiuri, samToteqnikuri, ekologiuri Sefaseba maTi licenzirebisa da kvlavwarmoebis mizniT”
_ damtkicda 75,0 aT. lari; xolo dazustebuli biujetiT – 115,0 aT. lari;
sakaso xarjia 97,4 aT. lari anu 85 % dazustebuli gegmis mimarT.
klimatis cvlilebis erovnuli programis _ 10,0 aT. lars, sakaso xarjia
10,0 aT. lari, anu dafinanseba 100 %.
saqarTvelos radiaciuli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis programis _
55,0 aT. lars; sakaso xarjia 46,2 aT. lari, anu dafinansda 84 %-iT.
saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiro zolSi gavrcelebul zuTxisebrTa
aRwarmoebis programisaTvis ganisazRvra 20.0 aT. lari. dafinansda 17,5 aT.
lariT, anu 88%-iT.
89
Tavi 23
garemos monitoringis sistema
2002 wels garemos monitoringis samuSaoebs sxvadasxva sferoSi axorcielebdnen:
atmosferuli haeris mavne qimiuri da radioaqtiuri dabinZurebis
monitoringis sferoSi – hidrometeorologiis saxelmwifo departamenti;
zedapiruli wylebis mavne qimiuri dabinZurebis monitoringis sferoSi –
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro, hidrometeorologiis
saxelmwifo departamenti;
niadagebis mavne qimiuri da radioaqtiuri dabinZurebis monitoringis
sferoSi – hidrometeorologiis saxelmwifo departamenti, soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis saministro;
Savi zRvis mavne qimiuri dabinZurebis monitoringis sferoSi – garemosa
da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro;
Savi zRvis wylebis mikrobiologiuri dabinZurebis monitoringis sferoSi
– Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro;
liTosferos
monitoringis
sferoSi
–
geologiis
saxelmwifo
departamenti:
garemoze mavne fizikuri faqtorebis zemoqmedebis monitoringis sferoSi –
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro;
ozonis Sris monitoringis sferoSi – garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis
dacvis saministro, hidrometeorologiis saxelmwifo departamenti, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia;
sagangebo ekologiuri situaciebis monitoringis sferoSi – garemosa
bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro, Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;
aRniSnuli saministroebisa da uwyebebis mier, garemos monitoringis programiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaoebi mniSvnelovani xarvezebiT mimdinareobda.
amis ZiriTadi mizezi finansuri saxsrebis mwvave deficiti iyo.
SeuZlebeli gaxda araTu garemos dabinZurebaze dakvirvebebis mwarmoebeli
analitikuri laboratoriebis teqnikuri gadaiaraReba, aramed am laboratoriebSi arsebuli fizikurad da moralurad moZvelebuli da mwyobridan gamosuli
xelsawyo-danadgarebis SekeTeba, maTi metrologiuri uzrunvelyofa, laboratoriebis specifikuri masalebiT (qimiuri reaqtivebi, filtrebi da sxva) momarageba. xSiri iyo aseve, laboratoriebisaTvis eleqtroenergiis gaTiSvis SemTxvevebi.
aRniSnulis gamo, mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, rogorc garemos dabinZurebaze
dakvirvebis stacionaluri punqtebis, aseve garemos sinjebSi gansasazRvravi
ingredientebis raodenoba. amasTan erTad, metrologiurad daumowmebeli analitikuri xelsawyoebis da calkeul SemTxvevebSi vadagasuli qimiuri reaqtivebis
iZulebiT gamoyenebis, agreTve Sida da gare laboratoriuli kontrolis
sistemebis moSlis gamo, garemos dabinZurebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb 2002 wels
mopovebuli isedac mwiri monacemebi, sizustis TvalsazrisiTac nakleb saimedoa.
2002 wels SedarebiT damakmayofileblad tardeboda dakvirvebebi saqarTvelos msxvili qalaqebis atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebaze. gaumjobesda
90
agreTve dakvirvebebis warmoeba calkeuli mdinareebis dabinZurebaze. atmosferuli naleqebis, Savi zRvis da niadagebis dabinZurebaze dakvirvebebi an Zalze
Semcirebuli programiT, an saerTod ver sruldeboda. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, winamdebare erovnuli moxsenebis Sesabamis TavebSi mocemuli garemos
komponentebis xarisxis Sefaseba metad mwir obieqtur monacemebze dayrdnobiTaa
gakeTebuli. calkeul SemTxvevebSi ki es Sefasebebi iribi (gaangariSebiTi)
meTodebis gamoyenebiT, an mravalwliuri statistikuri monacemebis meSveobiTaa
momzadebuli.
91
Tavi 24
garemosdacviTi nebarTva
2002 wlis saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis dadebiTi daskvna
gacemuli iqna 726 saqmianobaze, saqarTvelos kanoniT `garemosdacviTi
nebarTvis Sesaxeb~ gansazRvrul saqmianobaTa CamonaTvalis Sesabamisad 29
miekuTvneboda pirvel kategorias, 37 _ meores, 339 _ mesames da 321 _
meoTxes (ix. nax. 24.1).
2002 wlis ganmavlobaSi garemosdacviTi nebarTva saqmianobaze gacemuli
iqna pirveli kategiriis _ 17, xolo meore kategoriis _ 8.
2002 wels gacemuli dadebiTi saeqsperto daskvnebis
raodenoba saqmianobis
kategoriaTa mixedviT
4%
5%
I kategoria
II kategoria
44%
III kategoria
47%
IV kategoria
nax. 24.1
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenisa da
samxreT kavkasiis milsadenis proeqtebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT
Catarebuli saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis procedurebi, vinaidan
aRniSnul proeqtebs udidesi saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvneloba eniWebodaT.
saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis procedurebis Sedegad, garemosa da
bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros mier, baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenis da samxreT kavkasiis milsadenis proeqtebis garemoze zemoqmedebis
Sefasebis dokumentaciaze gacemul iqna Sesabamisi garemosdacviTi nebarTvebi.
garemosdacviTi nebarTvis pirobebze muSaobisas gaTvaliswinebul iqna
adgilobrivi da sazRvargareTis qveynebidan gamowveuli damoukidebeli, maTali
kvalifikaciis mqone eqspertebis daskvnebi da mosazrebebi, investori kompaniis
(BTC Co) winadadebebTan erTad. informacia da procesi Ria iyo sazogadoebisaTvis. aRniSnulTan
dakavSirebiT Catarda araerTi Sexvedra, ganxilva da
preskonferencia.
garemosdacviTi
nebarTvis
pirobebSi
maqsimalurad
iqna
asaxuli
navTobsadenis da gazsadenis mSeneblobis da funqcionirebis Sedegad garemoze
zemoqmedebis yvela aspeqti da Cadebul iqna uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis Tavidan
acilebisa da sxva aucilebeli gasatarebeli RonisZiebebi.
92
Tavi 25
saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba da
saxelmwifoTaSoriso ekologiuri problemebi
saerTaSoriso mravalmxrivi garemosdacviTi xelSekrulebebisa da konvenciebis wevroba saqarTvelos, erTi mxriv, aZlevs sakanonmdeblo bazisa da
saeqsporto potencialis srulyofis saSualebas da, meore mxriv, es aris
sarbieli globaluri garemosdacviTi problemebis gadasaWrelad optimaluri
gzebis Ziebis procesSi saqarTvelos interesebis asaxvisaTvis. am urTierTobebis bazaze donoruli daxmarebiT mimdinare programebi aumjobesebs qveynis
unars, Seasrulos Tavisi saerTaSoriso valdebulebebi, daicvas sakuTari
garemo da uzrunvelyos bunebrivi resursebis mdgradi gamoyeneba.
saqarTvelo aqtiurad TanamSromlobs mraval saerTaSoriso organizaciasTan, romelTagan aRsaniSnavia:
− globaluri garemosdacviTi fondi (GEF);
− gaeros garemosdacviTi programa (UNEP);
− msoflio banki (WB);
− gaeros ganviTarebis programa (UNDP);
− evropis garemosdacviTi saagento (EEA);
− atomuri energiis saerTaSoriso saagento (IAEA);
− msoflio meteorologiuri organizacia (WMO);
− Savi zRvis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis organizacia (BSEC);
− bunebis dacvis msoflio fondi (WWF);
− saerTaSoriso fondi (TACIS);
_ rekonstruqciis sakredito banki (KfW).
2001-2002 wlebis mdgomareobiT saqarTvelo garemos dacvis sferoSi 12
saerTaSoriso konvenciasTanaa mierTebuli (cxrili 25.1).
cxrili 25.1
saerTaSoriso garemosdacviTi konvenciebi
saqarTvelos mier
ratificirebis
(an mierTebis)
TariRi
ZalaSi Sesvlis
TariRi
saqarTvelosaTvis
#
dasaxeleba
miRebis adgili
da TariRi
1
2
3
4
5
rio de Janeiro
1992w.
2 ivnisi,
1994 w
31 agvisto,
1994w.
vaSingtoni
1973w.
13 seqtemberi,
1996w.
12 dekemberi,
1996w.
1
konvencia biomravalferovnebis
Sesaxeb
2
konvencia gadaSenebis piras myofi
veluri faunisa da floris
saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis
Sesaxeb (CITES)
93
1
2
3
4
5
3
konvencia saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis
Warbteniani, gansakuTrebiT wylis
frinvelTa sabinadrod vargisi
teritoriebis Sesaxeb
ramsari 1971w.
30 aprili,
1996w.
28 ivlisi,
1996w.
londoni
1973w.
19 aprili,
1994w
8 Tebervali,
1995w.
londoni
1978w.
8 Tebervali,
1995w.
8 Tebervali,
1996w.
vena
1985w.
21 marti,
1996w.
21 marti,
1996 w.
monreali
1987w.
21 marti,
1996w.
21 marti,
1996w.
buqaresti
1992w.
21 aprili,
1992w.
12 ianvari,
1994w.
niu-iorki
1994w.
29 ivlisi,
1994w.
27.10.1994w.
kioto
1999w.
1999w
Jeneva
1979w.
13 ianvari,
1999 w.
12 maisi,
1999w
parizi
1994.
1997w.
17oqtomberi,
1999w.
1999w
2000w
bazeli,
1989w.
1999w
18 agvisto,
1999 w.
orhusi,
dania 1998w.
2000 w.
14 ivnisi
2001w
4
5
a) saerTaSoriso konvencia gemebidan
dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb
“MARPOL”
b) 1978 wlis oqmi saerTaSoriso
konvenciaze gemebidan dabinZurebis
Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb
a) ozonis Sris dacvis Sesaxeb venis
konvencia
b) monrealis oqmi ozonis Sris
damSlel nivTierebaTa Sesaxeb
6
Savi zRvis dabinZurebisagan dacvis
konvencia
7
a) gaeros klimatis cvlilebis CarCo
konvencia
8
9
10
11
12
b) gaeros klimatis cvlilebebis
CarCo-konvenciis kiotos oqmi
Sor manZilebze haeris
transsasazRvro dabinZurebis
konvencia
gaeros konvencia gaudabnoebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb
konvencia gareuli cxovelebis
migrirebad saxeobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb
konvencia saxifaTo narCenebis
transsasazRvro gadazidvis da
ganTavsebis Sesaxeb
konvencia garemosdacviT sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebuli informaciis
xelmisawvdomobis, gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis
monawileobisa da am sferoSi
marTlmsajulebis sakiTxebze
xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb (orhusis
konvencia)
boni,
1979 w.
aRniSnuli konvenciebis egidiT saqarTvelos samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis mier ganxorcielebulia mTeli rigi RonisZiebebi konvenciebis
aRmasrulebeli organoebis sesiebis muSaobaSi monawileobis miRebis, qveynis
SigniT samuSaoTa organizebis, Sesabamisi proeqtebis Sesrulebis da sxva saxiT.
2001-2002 wlebSi saqarTveloSi mimdinareobda mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi
9 saerTaSoriso konvenciasTan misaerTeblad (cxrili 25.2).
94
cxrili 25.2
saerTaSoriso garemosdacviTi konvenciebi
#
dasaxeleba
miRebis
adgili da
TariRi
1
2
3
1
konvencia transasazRvro aspeqtSi
garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb
2
konvencia sawarmoo avariebis
transsazRvro zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb
3
konvencia transsazRvro wyalsadinarebisa da saerTaSoriso tbebis dacvisa da
gamoyenebis Sesaxeb
evropis veluri bunebisa da bunebrivi
habitatebis dacvis konvencia
4
5
evropis landSaptis konvencia
6
gaeros konvencia mdgradi organuli
damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb.
7.
konvencia winaswari SeTanxmebis
proceduris Sesaxeb. calkeuli saSiSi
qimiuri nivTierebebis da pesticidebis
saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi.
konvencia birTvuli avariis SemTxvevaSi
adreuli Setyobinebis Sesaxeb
konvencia birTvuli avariis an
radiaciuli avariuli situaciis
SemTxvevaSi daxmarebis Sesaxeb
8.
9.
saqarTvelos mier
ratificirebis
(an mierTebis)
TariRi
ZalaSi Sesvlis
TariRi
saqarTvelosaTvis
4
5
espuu,
1991w.
helsinki,
1992w.
helsinki,
1992w.
berni,
1979w.
florencia,
2000w.
stokholmi,
2001
roterdami,
1998w.
1986w.
1986w.
Mmimdinare wlis 21 maiss saqarTvelom xeli moawera Semdegi garemosdacviTi
konvenciebis oqmebs:
- transsasazRvro konteqstiT garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis
konvenciis oqmi „strategiuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis Sesaxeb“.
Sesaxeb
- transsasazRvro wyalsadinarebisa da saerTaSoriso tbebis dacvisa da
gamoyenebis Sesaxeb 1992 wlis da samrewvelo avariebis transsasazRvro
gavlenis Sesaxeb 1992 wlis konvenciebis oqmi „samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobisa
da zianis kompensaciis Sesaxeb, romelic miyenebul iqna transsasazRvro
wylebze samrewvelo avariis transsasazRvro gavleniT“.
- garemos dacvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli informaciis xelmisawvdomobis,
gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobisa da am sferoSi
marTlmsajulebis sakiTxebze xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb orhusis konvenciis
oqmi „damabinZurebelTa garemoSi gaSvebisa da gadatanis reestris Sesaxeb“.
95
saxelmwifoTaSorisi TanamSromlobis ganxorcielebis mizniT, garemos
dacvis sferoSi 2001 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos dadebuli aqvs 8 xelSekruleba,
romelTaganac 6 ZalaSia Sesuli:
1) memorandumi saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobasa da uzbekeTis
respublikis mTavrobas Soris garemos dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb.
04.09.95 ZalaSia xelmoweris dRidan.
2) memorandumi saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobasa da ukrainis
respublikis mTavrobas Soris garemos dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb.
kievi, 13.04.93 ZalaSia xelmoweris dRidan.
3) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobasa da yazaxeTis
respublikis mTavrobas Soris bunebis dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb.
17.09.96 ZalaSia xelmoweris dRidan.
4) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobasa da azerbaijanis
respublikis mTavrobas Soris garemos dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb.
18.02.97 ZalaSia 08.05.97 wlidan.
5) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobasa da TurqeTis
respublikis mTavrobas Soris garemos dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb.
14.07.97 ZalaSia 28.03.98 wlidan.
6) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobasa da somxeTis
respublikis mTavrobas Soris garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis
sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. 03.06.97. ZalaSi Sevida 1997 wlis 9
seqtembers.
7) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis
saministrosa da TurqmeneTis garemoTi sargeblobisa da dacvis saministros
Soris garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis sferoSi TanamSromlobis
Sesaxeb. 05.12.97. ar aris ZalaSi.
8) SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobasa da saberZneTis
respublikis mTavrobas Soris ganviTarebisa da garemos dacvis sferoSi
TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. 16.09.97. daamtkica saqarTvelos prezidentma 08.11.97.
ar aris ZalaSi.
am xelSekrulebebiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebidan aRsaniSnavia
TanamSromloba TurqeTis respublikasTan, mis mier mdinare Woroxis auzis
energetikuli resursebis aTvisebis proeqtTan dakavSirebuli garemosdacviTi
problemebis mogvarebis sferoSi. SemuSavda ramdenime ormxrivi dokumenti,
riTac dasabami mieca md. WoroxTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis Semdgom
erTobliv kvlevas; daigegma garemoze zemoqmedebis Semcirebisa da maTi Tavidan
acilebis RonisZiebebi.
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samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebi garemosdacviTi
problemebis gadaWrisa da ekologiuri usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi
2002 wels garemos dacvis sferoSi samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebi
xorcieldebpda, rogorc saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis sistemaSi moqmed
samecniero-kvleviT institutebSi, ise qveynis sxva sauwyebaTaSorisi da maT
Soris garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros samecnierokvleviT organizaciebSi.
mecnierebaTa akademiis institutebis mier 2002 wels Sesrulda
samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebi Semdegi mimarTulebisa da problemebis
mixedviT:
1. saqarTvelos bunebis komponentebisa da bunebriv-teritoriuli kompleqsebis gamokvleva qveynis racionaluri bunebaTsargeblobis, meurneobisa da
mosaxleobis mdgradi ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.
a) Sefasda q. zestafonSi atmosferos dabinZurebis Tanamedriove mdgomareoba, Seswavlilia feroSenadnobTa qarxnis mier gamonabolqv mavne
nivTierebaTa zegavlena qalaq zestafonis sahaero auzis mdgomareobaze;
dadgenilia, rom miuxedavad samrewvelo emisiebis amJamindeli simcirisa, q. zestafonis sahaero auzi mniSvnelovnadaa dabinZurebuli.
b) Seswavlilia q. rusTavSi sawarmoo gaerTianeba `azotis~ da metalurgiuli kombinatis teritoriebze ekoqimiuri mdgomareoba, Catarebulia
am teritoriebis emisiis wyaroebis, Camdinare wylebisa da myari narCenebis inventarizacia. Sefasebulia samrewvelo da komunalur wylebSi,
kombinatis mimdebare teritoriis niadagebSi damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa Semcvelobebi. gamoyofilia prioritetuli damabinZurebeli ingredientebi. Sejamebulia radioekologiuri monitoringis mravalwliani
Sedegebi. Sefasebulia saqarTvelos ekosistemebSi (atmosferul haerSi,
niadagSi, wylebSi, mcenareul safarSi) Tanamedrove radioekologiuri
situacia. Camoyalibebulia qveyanaSi radionukliduri monitoringis
Seqmnis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi.
zemoT
aRniSnuli
samuSaoebi
ganxorcielda
hidrometeorologiis
institutis mier.
2. garemos dacvis qimiuri problemebi; mrewvelobisa da soflis meurneobis
myari, Txevadi da airadi narCenebisagan garemos gawmendisa da utilizaciis efeqturi meTodebis damuSaveba.
a) Seswavlilia axalqalaqi-axalcixis regionSi yofili samxedro bazebis
teritoriebis qimiuri dabinZurebis mdgomareoba; Sedgenilia maTi reabilitaciis proeqti. Sedgenilia agreTve proeqti, romelic miznad
isaxavs saqarTveloSi ganlagebuli msxvili samxedro aerodromebis teritoriebis reabilitacias navToburi sawvaviT da sxva qimiuri nivTierebebiT dabinZurebisagan.
b) SemuSavebulia madneulis karieruli wylebis mZime liTonebisagan (Cu,
Fe, Zn) gawmendis sxvadasxva variantebi. Catarebulia maTi toqsikur97
ekonomikuri gaangariSeba. SerCeulia karieruli wylebidan miRebuli
spilenZis Sabiamnad gadamuSavebis rentabeluri varianti.
g) dadgenilia sarekreacio sistemis teqnikuri wylebis gawmendisaTvis
eleqtro-qimiuri meTodis efeqturoba. SemoTavazebulia lokaluri da
mcire warmadobis obieqtebisaTvis wylis gawmendis eleqtroqimiuri
reaqtorebi.
samuSaoebs asrulebdnen fizikur da organuli qimiisa da araorganuli
qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis institutebi.
3. mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros biomravalferovneba, ekologia da
konservacia.
a) dadgenilia saqarTvelos wiTel wignSi Setanili endemuri saxeobis
Tulipa eichleri-is biomorfologiisa da reproduqciuli biologiis
Taviseburebani. naCvenebia am mcenaris warmoqmnis procesebi.
b) Catarebulia mdinare Ciruxiswylis xeobis, maRalmTis subalpuri mdeloebis floris analizi. gamovlenilia 30 ojaxis da 95 gvaris 113
saxeoba. aRwerilia maRalmTiani ekotonebis 20 gansxvavebuli fitocenozi.
g) gamokvleulia zugdidis botanikur baRSi introducirebul merqnian
mcenareTa bioekologiuri Taviseburebani da maTi gavrceleba samegrelos regionSi. Seswavlilia botanikuri baRis perspeqtiuli samkurnalo mcenareebi. gamokvleulia maTi bioekologiuri Taviseburebani.
samuSaoebs asrulebdnen _ n. kecxovelis sax. botanikis instituti,
baTumis botanikuri baRi, samegrelos samxareo samecniro centri.
4. sxivuri dazianebisa da misi modifikaciis fundamenturi da gamoyenebiTi
problemebi. informaciuli bazis Seqmna mosaxleobis birTvuli da
radiaciuli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.
a) Sefasebulia bunebrivi garemos radiaciuli fonis regionuli variaciebi da gadasinjulia bunebrivi da teqnogenuri modificirebuli fonis
mniSvnelobebi.
b) Catarebulia saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli radiaciuli anomaliebis kartireba sasazRvro konturebis eqspediciuri masalis dazustebiT. dadgenilia, rom Cernobilis avariis Semdgom periodSi (15 wlis
Semdeg) anomaliebi stabilur xasiaTs atarebs da igi dakavSirebulia
bunebriv gamadnebebTan, mineraluri da Termuli wylebis gamovlenebTan.
samuSaoebs asrulebda radiobiologiisa da radiaciuli ekologiis
samecniero centri.
5. agrosamrewvelo mecnierebani. wyalsameurneo da melioraciuli sistemebis
eologiurad mdgradi ganviTareba.
a) Seswavlilia eroziuli procesebis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi da maTi
gavrcelebis zonebi. damuSavebulia wyaldidobisa da wyalmovardnebisagan garemos damcavi RonisZiebebiT gaTvaliswinebuli mSeneblobis
organizaciis meTodebi da Sesabamisi teqnologiuri sqemebi. dadgenilia
niaRvrebisa da xramebis warmoSobis da maTi dinamikis ganmsazRvreli
damokidebulebebi baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenis derefnis mTis
ferdobebis ekologiuri mdgomareobis dasadgenad.
b) dadgenilia aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos niadaggruntebis
arsebuli tipebis miznobrivi regulirebis faqtorebi da ZiriTadi
98
saxeebi. klasificirebulia niadagSi mimdinare procesebis regulirebisaTvis saWiro nivTierebebi da danamatebi. SemuSavebulia axali, ekologiurad usafrTxo, miznobrivi daniSnulebis maRalefeqturi melorantebi da maTi damzadebis teqnologiebi.
aRniSnuli samuSaoebi Seasrula wyalTa meurneobisa da sainJinro ekologiis institutma.
2002 wlisaTvis garemos dacvis sferoSi danergili da praqtikaSi gamosayeneblad rekomendebuli samecniero samuSaoebidan yuradsaRebia Semdegi:
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrosaTvis Sedgenili angariSi
_ q. zestafonis dabinZurebis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, romelic
moamzada da saministros gadasca hidrometeorologiis institutma; baqoTbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenisa da Sahdenizis gazsadenis proeqtebis seismuri
sakiTxebis eqspertiza daproeqtebis yvela stadiaze, maT Soris bunebriv
garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba, romelic ganaxorciela k. zavreevis samSeneblo
meqanikisa da seismomedegobis institutma; ozurgeTis raionis sofel meriis
yofil samxedro bazaze ruseTis armiis mier datovebuli raketuli sawvavis
damJangvelis `melanJis~ (daaxloebiT 450 t.) utilizaciis proeqti, romelic
daafinansa euTo-s misiam saqarTveloSi. garda zemoT miTiTebulisa SeiZleba
aRiniSnos _ filifsitis safuZvlze miRebuli axali, ekologiurad usafrTxo
organul-ceoliTuri sasuqi. Seswavlil iqna misi gavlena dasavleT saqarTvelos mJave niadagebze. samuSaoebi Caatara p. meliqiSvilis saxelobis fizikuri
da organuli qimiis institutma;
SemuSavda da realizaciisTvis gaegzavna garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis
dacvis saministros winadadebebi bunebrivi resursebis efeqtiani gamoyenebisa
da bunebis dacvis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb, romelic moamzada ekonomikis samecniero institutma.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis grantebiT 2002 wels Sesrulda 74
samuSao, maT Soris mxolod 3 samuSaoa garemos dacvis mimarTulebiT.
sazRvargareTis grantebiT mecnierebaTa akademiis samecniero dawesebulebebisa da calkeuli samecniero jgufebis mier Sesrulebulia 65 samuSao.
maT Soris 6 samuSao exeboda qveynis garemos dacvis Tematikas, isic
nawilobriv. 2002 wels mecnierebaTa akademiis calkeuli institutebis TanamSromelTa mier gamoqveynebul 200-mde naSromSi mxolod oTxi naSromi exeba
saqarTvelos garemos dacvis problemebs.
saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi myofi garemos dacvis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis ganyofilebebi da laboratoriebi 2002 wels asrulebda 8 samecniero-kvleviT samuSaos.
wlis bolosaTvis damTavrda Semdegi samecniero Temebi: standartizaciis
saerTaSoriso organizaciis (ISO) garemosdacviTi menejmentis sistemis saTao
standartis ISO 14001 `garemosdacviTi menejmentis sistema. teqnikuri pirobebi da saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi gamoyenebis mizniT~ qarTuli versiis
SemuSaveba. standartis proeqti gadaeca saqstandarts misi damtkicebisa da
moqmedebaSi Seyvanis mizniT; `nagavsayreli poligonebis garemoze zemoqmedebis
Sefaseba q. quTaisis nagavsayrelis magaliTze~. TemiT gaTvaliswinebuli rekomendaciebi da RonisZiebebis nusxa gadaeca garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis
dacvis saministros; `sagangebo situaciebis ZiriTadi cnebebis ganmartebiTi
cnobaris srulyofa~; srulyofili cnobaris axali redaqcia (250 tiraJiT)
99
gadaeca Sesabamis organizaciebs; saaqcio sazogadoeba `madneulis~ airgamwmendi
nagebobebis efeqturobis Seswavla da maTi gaumjobesebis mizniT teqnikuri
RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba, Temis damTavrebis Sedegad SemuSavebuli RoniaZiebebi
gadaeca sawarmos Sesabamis samsaxurs.
saministros daqvemdebarebaSi myofi baTumis zRvis ekologiisa da Tevzis
meurneobis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti 2002 wels Savi zRvis saqarTvelos
terotoriaze (gonio-yulevis aqvatoria), agreTve mimdebare teritoriebis Sida
wyalsatevebSi axorcielebda kvlevebs ekologiuri jgufebis obieqtebze,
kerZod, baqterioplantozze, fitoplantonze, zooplantonze, benTofaunasa da
iqTofaunaze. mimdinareobda dakvirveba Tevzebis saxeobaTa biomravalferovnebazec. aRricxulia 65 saxeoba. saqarTvelo-ukrainis erToblivi kvlevebiT
2002 wels ganxorcielda sarewao Tevzebis (qafSia, Sproti, katrani)
maragebis dadgena. wina wlebSi ganxorcielebuli kvlevebis safuZvelze bunebrivi meqanizmebis amoqmedebisa da qveyanaSi ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gauaresebis (soflis meurneobisa da mrewvelobis donis sagrZnoblad Semcirebis
gamo) Sedegad, aRniSnul wels SeimCneoda Savi zRvis eosistemis funqcionirebis aRdgenis tendenciebi. amis damadasturebelia WerilSi iseTi saxeobebis
aRmoCena, romlebic gadaSenebis piras myof saxeobebs miekuTvnebian. ase
magaliTad, skumbria, qorWila, lufari. garda aRniSnulisa, SeimCneoda kambalakalkanis da pelengasis ricxovnobis mateba wina wlebTan SedarebiT.
dadebiTi momentebi, romlebic dafiqsirda institutis mier ganxorcielebuli kvlevebis safuZvelze, SeiZleba Semdgom wlebSi mkveTrad Seicvalos, Tu
droulad ar ganxorcielda amJamad arsebuli sxva problemebis mogvarebac.
kerZod, hidrobiontebis araregularuli rewva, Weris dauSvebeli saSualebebis
gamoyeneba da saerTod, Tevzrewvis wesebis uxeSi darRvevebis drouli aRkveTa.
100
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garemosdacviTi ganaTleba da
informaciul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba
saqarTvelos prezidentis 2002 wlis 18 dekemberis #538 brZanebulebiT
damtkicebuli iqna `mosaxleobis ekologiuri ganaTlebis saxelmwifo programa“. am programaSi daculia garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis ZiriTadi principi _
misi uwyvetoba.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros sazogadoebasTan
urTierTobisa da garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis sammarTvelo agrZelebda muSaobas
garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis sferoSi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mizniT.
saministros iniciativiT Catarda 6 preskonferencia da 7 Sexvedra
arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan aqtualur ekologiur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis
saministros iniciativiT Catarda ekologiuri erTTviurebi `mwvane aqcia~,
sadac monawileoba miiRo saswavlo dawesebulebebisa da sawarmo-dawesebulebebis warmomadgenlobam. ganxorcielda konkretuli RonisZiebebi Savi zRvis
dacvis saerTaSoriso dRis _ 31 oqtombris aRsaniSnavad.
aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis dros dairgo mravali xe-mcenare, dasufTavda
sanapiroebi da sawarmoo dawesebulebebis teritoriebi.
2002 wels ganaTlebis saministros iniciativiT Seiqmna damxmare saxelmZRvaneloebi ekologiaSi II-III da VII-IX klasebisaTvis. gaizarda im skolebis
ricxvi, sadac ekologia iswavleba calke sagnad.
Tbilisis da regionebis skolebis moswavleTa monawileobiT Catarebulia
konkurs-festivalebi,
konkursebi,
saswavlo-SemoqmedebiTi
konferencia
miZRvnili aqtualuri garemosdacviTi problemebis mimarT.
regionebSi Catarda RonisZiebebi miZRvnili dedamiwis dRis _ 22
aprilisadmi, garemos dacvis dRis _ 5 ivnisisadmi, Savi zRvis dacvis
saerTaSiriso dRis _ 31 oqtombrisadmi da sxva.
umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemaSi ekologiuri disciplinebis swavleba xorcieldeba individualuri saswavlo gegmebis Sesabamisad. garda amisa, saqarTvelos umaRles saswavleblebSi xdeba garemosdacviTi specialobebis momzadeba.
magaliTad, saqarTvelos agrarul universitetSi arsebobs Semdegi specialobebi: sainJinro ekologia, agroekologia, satyeo ekologia. quTaisis teqnikur
universitetSi _ garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis racionaluri
gamoyeneba, inJiner-teqnolog-ekologi, wylis resursebis dacva da kompleqsuri
gamoyeneba. quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetSi _ bioekologia da a.S.
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garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
saqarTveloSi garemos dacvis sakiTxebze muSaobs aTeulobiT arasamTavrobo organizacia. maTi umravlesoba dakavebulia garemosdacviTi problemebis
gaSuqebisa da garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis Semdgomi daxvewis sakiTxebze.
garda aRniSnulisa, es organizaciebi monawileoben garemosdacviTi proeqtebis
ganxorcielebaSi, romlebic finansirdeba saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebis, evrokavSiris da calkeuli donori qveynebis mier.
saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrosTan
TanamSromlobs ormocdaaTamde garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizacia.
2002 wlis ganmavlobaSi tradiciulad tardeboda Sexvedrebi am organizaciebTan, romlis mizani iyo informaciebis gacvla samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo
sruqturebs Soris, momavali TanamSromlobis gegmebis dasaxva da gaweuli
saqmianobis analizi. arasamTavrobo organizaciebs Soris koordinaciisa da
ufro mWidro urTierTobebis Camoyalibebis mizniT, Seiqmna arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis sabWo.
Sexvedrebi arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan Catarebul iqna Semdeg Temebze:
_ satyeo seqtoris ganviTarebis proeqti (kavSiri "samamo" SeniSvnebi);
_ holandieli eqspertebis Sexvedra Temaze – "baqo-jeihanis da Sahdenizis
milsadeni";
_ orhusis konvenciis samuSao jgufebis eqspertizis angariSi;
_ garemoze zemoqmedebis Semowmebis procesSi sazogadoebriobis monawileoba;
_ Sexvedra ministrTan baqo-jeihanis da Sahdenizis milsadenis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT;
_ Sexvedra orhusis konvenciis genurad modificirebuli organizmebis
samuSao jgufis mier gaweuli samuSaos gacnobis mizniT;
_ Sexvedra borjomis raionidan miRebul werilebTan dakavSirebiT (baqoTbilisi-jeihanis milsadeni).
garda aRniSnulisa, garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministroSi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi monawileobas Rebuloben
garemosdacviTi problemebis ganxilvis dros sxvadasxva gadawyvetilebis miRebis
procesSi, saeqsperto-salicenzio uwyebaTSoriso sabWoebis muSaobaSi (wiaRiT
sargeblobis licenzirebis da cxovelTa samyaros obieqtebiT sargeblobis) xmis
uflebiT. amasTanave garkveuli profesionaluri donis mqone arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi, saministros dakveTiT, monawileoben saerTaSoriso safinanso
organizaciebis da sxvadasxva invenstorebis mier dafinansebul programebsa da
proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrosTan arsebuli yvela
sauwyebaTSoriso saeqsperto-salicenzio sabWos sxdomebi Riaa sazogadoebisaTvis. calkeuli sabWos SemadgenlobaSi Sedis Sesabamisi kompetenciis mqone
arasamTavrobo organizaciis gamocdili warmomadgeneli.
2002 wels garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros regio102
nalur sammarTveloebTan (maT Soris aWaris) TanamSromlobdnen Semdegi garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic axorcielebdnen proeqtebs
garemosdacviT sferoSi:
aWaris a/r garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrosTan
aqtiurad TanamSromlobs arasamTavrobo organizacia _ "Savi zRvis ekoakademia".
SemuSavda erToblivi proeqti "21 jgufis CamoyalibebasTan dakavSirebiT". aRniSnuli proeqti 2002 wlis aprilSi daafinansa aSS-is mTavrobam.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis Sida qarTlis regionaluri
sammarTvelo. masTan aqtiurad TanamSromloben:
− asociacia "tonTio" _ SemuSavda proeqti "mdgradi garemo da turizmi".
− saqarTvelos ekologiur mecnierebaTa akademia – Sida qarTlis
filiali;
− saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraobis goris regionaluri organizacia;
− goris saraionTaSoriso monadireTa da meTevzeTa kavSiri;
− monadireTa da meTevzeTa klubi (kaspi);
− saTemo asociacia "SuamdinareTi", romelic axorcielebda proeqts
goris raionis sof. tinisxidis Walis aRsadgenad.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionaluri
samarTvelo.
organizacia "bermuxa" axorcielebs kakbis reabilitaciis programas
mcxeTis raionis teritoriaze, SiomRvimis monastris siaxloves.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis xaSuris saqalaqo sammarTvelo.
arasamTavrobo ekologiuri organizacia "garemo" TanamSromlobs bunebis
dacvis msoflio fondis saqarTvelos warmomadgenlobasTan, romlis ZiriTadi
mizania moswavleebis ekologiuri ganaTlebis amaRleba. organizacia "garemo"-s
meSveobiT 2002 wlis zafxulSi 30 moswavlem ufasod daisvena awyuris
ekologiur banakSi, qalaqis centrSi daidga sainformacio stendi borjomxaragaulis erovnuli parkis Sesaxeb.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis foTis saqalaqo sammarTvelo.
masTan TanamSromlobs q. foTis mwvaneTa organizacia.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis qvemo qarTlis regionaluri
sammarTvelo.
arasamTavrobo organizacia "patara qalaqi", romelic TanamSromlobs regionalur sammarTvelosTa, monawileobs xram-debedas mdinareebis auzis marTvis
integrirebuli dagegmvis proeqtSi.
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis imereTis regionaluri
sammarTvelo.
masTan TanamSromlobs Semdegi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi:
− imereTis mxaris mecnierTa kavSiris "speqtri";
− imereTis regionis axalgazrduli samecniero-sainformacio asociacia "asa";
− klubi "adamiani da buneba".
103
daskvnebi, prognozebi da rekomendaciebi
saqarTvelos garemos dacvis problemebs, romelic garemos ZiriTadi
komponentebis _ atmosferuli haeris, wylis, niadagis, florisa da faunis
mixedviT arsebobs, 2002 wels arsebiTi cvlilebebi ar ganucdia. qveyanaSi
arsebuli mZime ekonomikuri da socialuri mdgomareoba, rac gamoixateba
sxvadasxva subieqturi Tu obieqturi mizezebis da maT Soris _ zneobrivi
daniSnulebis finansirebis ararsebobiT, xels uSlis am problemis mogvarebas
da ukve SemuSavebuli im RonisZiebebis praqtikulad ganxorcielebas, romelTa
saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia garkveuli dadebiTi Sedegebis miReba garemos
dacvis nebismier sferoSi.
aRniSnul fonze gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania atmosferuli haeris
mdgomareoba, romelic dResdReobiT ver akmayofilebs im moTxovnebs, romelic
sakanonmdeblo baziTa da normatiuli aqtebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. avtotransporti isev warmoadgens haeris ZiriTad damabinZurebels. avtotransportiT
atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis procentulma raodenobam saerTo dabinZurebis 87% Seadgina. qveyanaSi gamoyenebuli sawvavis dabali xarisxi, moZvelebuli avtosatransporto saSualebebis didi raodenoba, moZraobis regulirebis
ugulebelyofa da sxva obieqturi Tu subieqturi mizezebi ZiriTadad
ganapirobebs aRniSnul mdgomareobas.
atmosferuli haeris dasacavad upirveles RonisZiebas warmoadgens amJamad
qveyanaSi arsebuli avtoparkis mdgomareobis gadaxaliseba, teqnikuri aRWurvilobis gaumjobeseba, efeqturi filtrebiTa da katalizatorebiT aRWurva,
qveynis saavtomobilo gzebis wesrigSi moyvana, gamtarunarianobis gazrda, dabali xarisxis sawvavis Semotanisa da misi realizaciis akrZalva.
miuxedavad imisa, rom qveynis sawarmoebze atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis mcire wili modis, aucilebelia sawarmoTa arsebuli airmtverdamWeri sistemebisa da teqnikuri saSualebebis aRdgena-ganaxleba, xolo efeqturi
gamwmendi nagebobebiT im sawarmoebis aRWurva, romlebsac aRniSnuli ar gaaCniaT. amasTanave, unda ganxorcieldes mkacri kontroli im sawarmoebze, romlebic dadgenil limitebze metad abinZureben atmosferul haers. saerTod, qveynis
haeris xarisxis gaumjobeseba monitoringis erTiani sistemis (qselis) Seqmnis
gareSe SeuZlebelia. aRniSnulis ganxorcieleba uaxloes wlebSi unda moxdes.
rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelo warmoadgens wylis resursebiT erT-erT
mdidar qveyanas. wylis resursebi farTod gamoiyeneba qveynis energetikis,
mrewvelobis, melioraciis, mosaxleobis sayofacxovrebo moTxovnilebebis da
sxva miznebisaTvis. sawarmoo saqmianobis mixedviT wylis resursebis gamoyenebis
yvelaze didi procenti modis eleqtroenergiis warmoebaze da soflis
meurneobaSi – naTesebis morwyvaze. miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, wylis resursebis
mTliani potenciali sxvadasxva obieqturi Tu subieqturi mizezis gamo saTanadod ar aris gamoyenebuli iseT dargebSi, rogoricaa hidroenergetika, samelioracio, irigaciis, agreTve, sasmeli wylis da teqnikuri wylis moxmareba.
rogorc wina wlebSi, ise 2001 wels saqarTvelos wylis resursebis
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ZiriTad damabinZurebel nivTierebebs miekuTvneboda – amoniumisa da nitritis
azotebi; mZime liTonebidan – rkina, spilenZi, manganumi. zedapirul wylebs
abinZurebs agreTve, komunaluri kanalizacia, Camdinare sawarmoo da samedicino
wylebi,
SxamqimikatebiT
dabinZurebuli
sasoflo-sameurneo
farTobebis,
sayofacxovrebo
narCenebis
nagavsayrelebis
da
samrewvelo
narCenebis
sanayaroebis Camonadenebi.
amJamad qveynis qalaqebisa da raionuli centrebis wyalsakanalizacio sistemaSi Seqmnilia uaRresad rTuli situacia. arsebuli wyalsadenebis umravlesobis sanitarul-teqnikuri mdgomareoba aradamakmayofilebelia. maT ar gaaCniaT
sanitaruli dacvis zonebi, wylis gasauvnebeli danadgarebi; saxsrebis uqonlobis gamo irRveva wyalsadenisa da sakanalizacio sistemebis nagebobaTa teqnikuri eqspuataciis wesebi, ar tardeba saremonto samuSaoebi. xSiria SemTxvevebi,
rodesac miwodebuli wylis xarisxi ar Seesabameba saxelmwifo standartebis
moTxovnebs.
wlebis manZilze niadagdamuSavebis wesebis darRvevebma mniSvnelovan
farTobebze gamoiwvies miwis resursebis degradireba da niadagis nayofierebis
katastrofuli Semcireba.
niadagdacviTi RonisZiebebis drouli ganxorcielebis gareSe mosalodnelia savalalo Sedegebi. saqarTvelo mciremiwiani qveyanaa da mZime ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis miuxedavad unda gamoinaxos saxsrebi qveynis erovnuli simdidris
– miwisa da miwis resursebis gadasarCenad. unda ganxorcieldes niadagze negatiuri anTropogenuri zemoqmedebis monitoringi da Tanamedrove mecnierulteqnikuri miRwevebis danergva niadagis dacvisa da misi nayofierebis amaRlebis
mizniT.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRricxulia mineraluri nedleulis TiTqmis
yvela jgufi, kerZod – metaluri, arametaluri da sawvavi wiaRiseulis sxvadasxva saxeebi.
wiaRiseulis mopovebis (damuSavebis) dros xSir SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs
Semdeg darRvevebs: saproeqto moTxovnilebebidan gadaxvevebs, wiaRiseulis
mopovebis mtacebluri xerxebis gamoyenebas, damuSavebis arsebuli meTodebis
ugulebelyofas, rac garkveuli negatiuri SedegebiT mTavrdeba.
wiaRiseulis dacvis da misi racionalurad gamoyenebis mizniT aucilebelia damuSavebis arsebuli meTodebis gamoyeneba. axali sabadoebis gamovlena da
arsebuli maragebis dadgena-Sefaseba kategoriebis mixedviT, wiaRiseulis mopovebisa da misi gadamuSavebis (gamdidrebis) srulyofili meTodebis SerCeva da
ganxorcieleba, rac iZleva danakargebis minimumamde Semcirebis SesaZleblobas.
amasTanave, wiaRiseulis damuSavebis dros gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda
mieqces garemos dacvis sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebas, kerZod, Ria wesiT wiaRiseulis mopovebisas.
saqarTvelos mTavari avtosatransporto magistralebis mimdebare teritoriebze xmauris doneebis zrda 2001 wels ar aRiniSneboda. aseTi mateba ar
105
aris mosalodneli uaxloesi wlebis ganmavlobaSic.
gasaTvaliswinebelia sarkinigzo-satransporto gadazidvebis zrdis tendencia, rac dakavSirebuli iqneba xmauris doneebis momatebasTan ZiriTadi sarkinigzo magistralebis mimdebare teritoriebze. amasTan dakavSirebiT, aucilebelia sarkinigzo nakadebis xmauris monitoringis sistemis SemuSaveba da
organizeba.
pirveli rigis amocanas warmoadgens agreTve, im sakanonmdeblo dokumentebis paketis Seqmna da srulyofa, romelic aamoqmedebs garemos xmaurisagan
dacvis meqanizmebs, daaregulirebs am procesebis marTvis sakiTxebs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi dResdReobiT ar arsebobs globaluri
radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis kera (atomuri eleqtrosadguri, moqmedi reaqtori),
ukanasknel wlebSi radiaciuli wyaroebiT adamianTa dasxivebis SemTxvevebi
ramdenimejer mainc dafiqsirda. 2001 wels upatrono radiaciuli wyaroebi
aRmoCenil iqna qveynis sxavadsxva teritoriaze. magaliTad, ruseTis samxedro
Zalebis mier datovebul bazebze aRmoCenil iqna 300-mde alfa-gamosxivebis
mcire simZlavris, xolo vazianis samxedro bazaze _ Cs-137-is ori mZlavri
wyaro. gamosxivebis mZlavri wyaroebi gatanil iqna saqarTvelodan.
garemosa da adamianTa dasxivebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, aucilebelia
sxvadasxva uwyebebsa da organizaciebSi radiaqtiuri wyaroebis inventarizaciis
Catareba, radioaqtiuri narCenebisa da gamouyenebeli nivTierebebis saboloo
centralizebuli wesiT Senaxvis organizeba.
qveyanaSi narCenebTan da maT ganTavsebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi
dResac gadauWreli rCeba. sayofacxovrebo narCenebis nagavsayrelebis dRevandeli formiT eqspluatacia dauSvebelia. saWiroa Zveli, gadavsebuli nagavsayrelebis daxurvisa da rekultivaciis proeqtebis SemuSaveba, xolo axali nagavsayrelebis mowyoba _ garemosdacviTi Tanamedrove moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT. nagavsayrelebze gansaTavsebeli narCenebis raodenobis Semcirebis mizniT
sasurvelia meoradi resursebis Segrovebisa da gadamuSavebis Tanamedrove
teqnologiebis danergva. aseve gadasawyvetia maRaltoqsikuri da radioaqtiuri
narCenebis gansaTavsebeli samarxebis sakiTxi.
ukanasknel wlebSi qveynis teritoriaze tyeebis ukanonod Cexvis mavne,
ukve dakanonebulma tendenciam katastroful zRvars gadaabija. ganadgurda ara
marto asakovani tyis masivebi, aramed axalgazrda, mozardi koromebis mniSvnelovani nawili. ukanonod tyis masivebis CexviT gamowveuli zaralis aRricxvisa da SemdgomSi tyis masivebis aRdgenis mizniT SesamuSavebeli praqtikuli
RonisZiebis dadgenisaTvis aucilebelia daiwyos tyis masivebis inventarizacia,
ris Sedegadac gairkveva 10 wlis mouwesrigebeli eqspluataciis Sedegad am
sferoSi arsebuli saerTo mdgomareoba, kerZod tyis sixSireebis realuri
mniSvnelobebi da sxva maCveneblebi.
saqarTvelos cxovelTa samyaros da misi saarsebo garemos dacvas, kontrolsa da regulirebas axorcielebs qveynis aRmasrulebeli saxelmwifo orga106
noebi – garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis, sursaTisa da kvebis
mrewvelobis saministroebi da sxva Sesabamisi dawesebulebebi. miuxedavad amisa,
ukanasknel wlebSi faunis sxvadasxva saxeobaTa ricxovnoba sagrZnoblad Semcirda, rac ZiriTadad ganapiroba katastrofiulma brakonierobam da adamianTa
mier cxovelTa saarsebo garemos gaCanagebam (tyeebis ukontrolo Cexva,
dabinZureba, ulicenzio TevzWera da a.S.). momavalSi aRniSnuli problemebis
mougvarebloba cxovelTa samyaros savalalo Sedegebamde miiyvans. gamoricxuli
ar aris daikargos saxeobaTa umetesi nawili.
arsebuli mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisa da zemoT aRniSnuli prognozis
Tavidan acilebis mizniT, aucilebelia mTeli
rigi RonisZiebebis gatareba,
romelTa Soris upirveless warmoadgens swrafi reagirebis kontigentis Seqmna,
romlis aqtiurma da moulodnelma reaqciam sxvadasxva darRvevebze, unda
aRkveTos brakonierTa ukanono qmedebebi. aRniSnulis ganxorcieleba damokidebulia samarlTebrivi bazis SeqmnasTan.
qveynis floris, faunis, landSaftebisa da garemos sxva komponentebis
SenarCuneba, romlebic anTropogenuri da bunebrivi faqtorebis zemoqmedebis
Sedegad ganadgurebis piras aris misuli, daculi teritoriebis saSualebiTaa
SesaZlebeli. saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamoyofil aseT farTobebze ukanaskneli 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi xSirad irRveoda is reJimi, romelic kanonmdeblobiT iyo gansazRvruli.
momavalSi aucilebelia daculi teritoriebisaTvis gamoyofili farTobebis aramarto ganaxleba, aramed misi gazrda; amasTanave, im moTxovnebis dacva
da ganxorcieleba, romelic uzrunvelyofs momavali TaobebisaTvis bunebis
unikaluri obieqtebis, florisa da faunis warmomadgenlebis SenarCunebas.
daculi teritoriebisaTvis gamoyofili axali farTobebis marTva unda ganxorcieldes adgilobrivi mosaxleobis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aseve winaswar
gaazrebuli saproeqto monacemebis analizis safuZvelze.
iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras myofi cxovelTa da iqTiofaunis saxeobebis
gadarCenis mizniT, saWiroa aRwarmoebiTi da samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebis
gafarToeba. morfometriuli monacemebis, sxvadasxva saxeobebis gavrcelebis
arealis, raodenobriv-Tvisobrivi, genetikuri mdgomareobis Seswavla, saxeobebis identificireba is ZiriTadi procesebia, romelTa ganxorcielebiTac SeiZleba gadaiWras qveynis faunis dacvaSi arsebuli problemebi.
garemos dacvis sferoSi gamiznuli samecniero kvlevebis gareSe raime
seriozuli warmatebis miRweva SeuZlebelia. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mecnierebas gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia garemos dacvis problemebis gadaWris
saqmeSi.
2001 wels saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis sistemaSi Semavali, ekologiis dargSi momuSave institutebis (samTo metyeveobis, wyalTa meurneobisa da
sainJinro ekologiis, hidrometeorologiis da sxva) mier Sesrulebuli iyo
samecniero samuSaoebi, romelTa praqtikuli ganxorcieleba garkveulwilad
107
waadgeba qveynis garemos dacvis problemebis daregulirebas. Tumca finansirebis ararsebobis gamo maTi realizacia SeuZlebeli iqneba. saerTod, saxelmwifo
biujetidan garemos dacvis sferoSi samecniero programebis (grantebis) dafinansebaze gamoyofili Tanxebi mizerulia da igi mTlianad samecniero programebze gamoyofili Tanxebis 1%-sac ki ar Seadgens (0,18%).
garemos dacvis sferoSi momuSave samecniero organizaciebma momavalSi
yuradReba unda gaamaxvilon qveynis garemos dacvis politikis upirvelesad
gadasawyveti mimarTulebebis SemuSavebaze, romelic dafuZnebuli iqneba mdgradi
ganviTarebis koncefciis principebze.
108
informacia erovnuli moxsenebis Sesadgenad warmoadgines:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiam,
saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiam,
iusticiis saministrom,
finansTa saministrom,
ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis saministrom,
transportisa da komunikaciebis saministrom,
Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom,
Tavdacvis saministrom,
uSiSroebis saministrom,
urbanizaciis da mSeneblobis saministrom,
saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministrom,
Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministrom,
ganaTlebis saministrom,
statistikis saxelmwifo departamentma,
daculi teritoriebis, nakrZalebisa da samonadireo meurneobis saxelmwifo departamentma,
turizmisa da kurortebis saxelmwifo departamentma,
hidrometeorologiis departamentma,
miwis marTvis saxelmwifo departamentma,
satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo departamentma,
saavtomobilo gzebis saxelmwifo departamentma,
sazRvris dacvis saxelmwifo departamentma,
teqnikuri zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifo inspeqciam,
saqarTvelos ZeglTa dacvis departamentma.
gamoyenebuli informaciis wyaroebi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Сборник нормативных документов по вопросам охраны окружающей среды,
выпуск 8. Минск.
В Н Ложкин, Загрязнение атмосферы автотранспортом. Справочник, СанктПетербург 2001.
Методика по определению выбросов в атмосферу на предприятиях Роскомнефтепродукта РСФСР. Астрахань 1988
Справочник по удельным показателям выбросов вредных веществ в атмосферу
для некоторых производств-основных источников загрязнения атмосферы.
Санкт-Петербург 1999.
saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, transporti da
kavSirgabmuloba saqarTveloSi 2002 wels, statistikuri krebuli,
Tbilisi, 2003.
saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, saqarTvelos energetikuli balansi 2001, statistikuri publikacia, Tbilisi, 2002
109
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, mrewveloba saqarTveloSi, statistikuri publikacia, Tbilisi, 2003.
saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, soflis meurneoba
saqarTveloSi, statistikuri publikacia, Tbilisi, 2003.
Tacis, Environmental Data Collection and Processing in NIS Countries, Kiev, 1999
Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidbook, EMEP/European Environment Agency,
1999.
rusTavis saaqcio sazogadoeba “azotis” atmosferuli haeris dacvis da
atmosferul haerSi mavne nvTierebata zRvrulad asaSveb gafrqvevaTa
normativebis proeqti, Tbilisi, 2002.
Н А Батин Учебно-методическое пособие по разделу Раскрой пиловочного
сырья на пиломатериалы Издание второе Минск 1985.
debuleba “dabinZurebis stacionaruli wyaroebidan atmosferul haerSi
gafrqvevebis faqtobrivi raodenobis gansazRvris instrumentuli meTodis,
dabinZurebis stacionaruli wyaroebidan atmosferul haerSi gafrqvevebis
faqtobrivi raodenobis damdgeni specialuri gamzom-sakontrolo aparaturis standartuli CamonaTvalisa da dabinZurebis stacionaruli wyaroebidan teqnologiuri procesebis mixedviT atmosferul haerSi gafrqvevebis faqtobrivi raodenobis saangariSo meTodikis Sesaxeb”, saqarTvelos
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro, Tbilisi, 2003.
angariSgeba atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb _ statistikuri dakvirvebis wliuri formebi # 04-04-47, Tbilisi, 2002.
Hуководство по инвентаризации атмосферных выбросов, Восток-EMEP, 1997.
saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa erovnuli programa. Tbilisi,
2000w.
2001 wlis erovnuli moxseneba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis janmrTelobis
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.
saqarTvelos garemosa da janmrTelobis dacvis samoqmedo erovnuli gegma
“garemo da janmrTeloba”.
statistikuri cnobari “janmrTelobis dacva, saqarTvelo 2001w.”,
Tbilisi 2002w.
magTi-GSM-is sainformacio-samecniero Jurnali “mudmivi kavSiris samyaro”, ## 1-4, 2002w.
“jeoseli”-s sainformacio-samecniero Jurnali “dialogi”, #6, 2002w.
“megakomi”-s sareklamo informacia “Белами-сетевая связь”, 2000w, 2001w.
saqarTveloSi moqmedi satelefono sistemebis sabazo mimReb-gadamcemi
radiosadgurebis garemoze zemoqmedebis xarisxis dadgenis sauwyebaTaSoriso komisiis masalebi, 2000-2001ww.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis 2002 wlis saqmianobis angariSi
(sawarmoo-sagamomcemlo gaerTianeba “mecniereba”; Tbilisi, 2003w.).
110
erovnuli moxsenebis SedgenaSi monawileobdnen:
• saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro:
r. CageliSvili, z. TavarTqilaZe, a. fanCuliZe, z. lomTaZe, z. adamia,
a. adamia, n. gvajava, a. budaRaSvili, j. daTeSiZe, o. TurmaniZe, l. iakobiZe,
i. kakuSaZe, m. kapanaZe, z. kereseliZe, g. kolbini, T. laRiZe, g. lolua,
s. maCabliSvili, i. oSoriZe, n. saluqvaZe, j. qarCava, i. qarcivaZe,
z. quTelia, d. Rlonti, o. yenia, T. yvavilaSvili, n. CxeiZe, a. Canqseliani,
n. cxelaSvili, r. WiTanava, T. Wolokava, m. xavTasi.
• garemos dacvis instituti:
T. koCinaSvili, m. javaxiSvili, s. aladaSvili, g. alvariZe, v. boWoriSvili,
T. goginaSvili, T. dvali, r. vasaZe, g. TavdgiriZe, n. iakobiZe, d. kalandaZe,
n. labaZe, g. maRalaSvili, m. metreveli, p. mkervaliSvili, n. nasyidaSvili,
e. nacvliSvili, a. nikolaiSvili, n. ninua, o. rexviaSvili, n. sulamaniZe,
m. frodiaSvili, o. qurdaSvili, m. comaia, T. WavWaniZe, S. WilaSvili.
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112