eBooks, University Libraries and the Publishing Industry

eBooks, University Libraries and the
Publishing Industry
Sue
Polanka
@noshelfrequired
Wright
State
University
Libraries
No Shelf
Required®
Topics of Discussion
 Statistics
 Purchasing eBooks




Business Models
Access & Licensing
Consortia
Locally hosting
 Open Access
 Self-Publishing
Statistics
US Academic Library eBook
Penetration
94%
2010
95%
2011
95%
2012
Source: Library Journal Survey of Ebook Penetration in Academic Libraries
Academic Library Expenditures
on Purchased and Licensed Content
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Projected change
Print books and journals
20
20
20
14
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
E-journals and e-books
Slide courtesy of James Michalko, OCLC
Academic Library Expenditures
on Purchased and Licensed Content
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Projected change
Print books and journals
20
20
20
14
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
E-journals and e-books
Slide courtesy of James Michalko, OCLC
Business Models & Access
Rule #1
You are not just buying content
Content in a Container
Software/Interface
DRM
Biz Model
eBook
Do you want to..
Build
Access
The content you want
determines the vendor,
business model, license,
and format you will get.
Business Models
 Free
 Perpetual Access




Single User (checkout)
Multi User
Unlimited Use
Patron Driven
Access or
build a
collection?
 Subscriptions
 Short-term Loan
Ongoing
Fees?
Free - In Library Lending
 Internet Archive
 Hosted on Open Library
 Pool of 100K ebooks
 1000 libraries worldwide
 20th Century titles
 Donate one book to the program to join
Sampling of Free eBook sites
 Google Books
 HathiTrust
 Many Books
 Project Gutenberg
 Internet Archive
 In-library lending program
 1 million files via BitTorrent
 Scribd
 World Public Library
Patron Driven Acquisition (PDA)
 Purchase takes place when book is used
 “Just in Time” collection vs. “Just in Case”
 Takes great deal of staff time/monitoring
 Process:




Libraries select titles (establish a profile)
Establish rules/guidelines for purchase
Brief catalog records added
Patron finds/uses the book – triggers purchase
See also: Patron Driven Acquisitions, DeGruyter, 2011
Short Term Loan
 Based on PDA
 Use triggers a loan/pay per view
 Cost determined by list price and time needed
 Access only - Nothing owned
 Ability to purchase high use titles
 Access more content for same cost
 ILL alternative
eBook Access Levels
Perpetual Access
Files sent to library
Perpetual Access
Fees paid up front
Public
Domain
Subscription
Locally
Hosted
Limits
On
Circulation
Perpetual Access
No Fees
Open
Access
Locally
Hosted
DRM
Perpetual Access
Ongoing Fees
Short
Term
Loan or
Rentals
Consortial Purchasing
Consortial Purchasing
+’s
 More content, less money
 Consistency across libraries
 Share content
 Volume discounts
 One license
 Centralized tech/billing
Consortial Purchasing
+’s
 More content, less money
 Consistency across libraries
 Share content
-’s
 Publishers don’t necessarily
want shared collections
 Long process
 Volume discounts
 Less control of
content/platform selection
 One license
 Negotiating price
 Centralized tech/billing
 Discount only, no sharing of
content
Host your own eBooks
Locally host eBook content
eBook Access Levels
Subscription
Public
Domain
Locally
Hosted
Open
Access
Locally
Hosted
DRM
Short
Term
Loan or
Rentals
Locally Own/Manage Content
+’s
 Purchase content files
direct from publisher or
author
 Discounts
 We are the aggregator
 Develop interface
 Self-preservation
 Sometimes no DRM
Locally Own/Manage Content
+’s
-’s
 Purchase content files
direct from publisher or
author
 IT/Programming staff
 Control Interface
 We must fix problems
 We are the aggregator
 Upkeep costs
 Self-preservation
 Not all publishers will sell
us content
 No DRM – kinda
 Technology/servers
OhioLINK Consortia
 91 academic libraries
 700,000 users
 NetLibrary in 2000
 2000 Locally hosting eBooks
 41,000 titles
 Open source software – XTF
 Own files, no DRM
Our Principles
Unlimited
Simultaneous
Users
Unlimited
Lifetime
Use
Sharing
across the
Consortia
OhioLINK – current eBook use
 Fiscal Year 2010-2011
 Over 25,000 titles loaded
 ABC-CLIO, Gale, Oxford, SAGE, Springer
 Titles NOT used – less than 4%
 1.4 million downloads on EBC
 507,000 uses on publisher sites
OhioLINK – where we’re headed
 YBP as purchasing agent
 10 – 20 core publishers
 Front lists
 Purchase
 Local load and/or aggregator host
 Other publishers
 PDA
 Approval Plan
 Or Hybrid
OhioLINK – where we’re headed
 Wiley Package
 3 year front list (2011-2013)
 Approximately 2800 titles
 Cost of +/- $500,000 per year
 No Textbooks
OhioLINK – where we’re headed
 Patron Driven Plan







FTE Model – large/charter, medium, small, CC
$30,000 - $2,500 price per year
Multiplier of 5
$80 average book cost
$400 per title
2,243 titles per year
$14.25 per title for large institutions
Open Access
Open Access eBooks
 OAPEN
 Directory of Open
Access Books (DOAB)
 Unglue.it
 Knowledge Unlatched
OAPEN - Open Access Publishing
in European Networks
 Humanities/Social
Sciences
 Peer reviewed
publications
 Search full text
 Free to read/share
 Metadata available
Directory of Open Access Books
 OAPEN Foundation
 Increase discovery of open access books
 1207 peer-reviewed books - 33 publishers
 Search description only, no full text
 Directed to publisher site for download
 Books are free to share
Unglue.it
 Work with rights holders
 Relicense works under CC
 Run a crowdfunding
campaign
 Reach goal = rights holder
paid, book available to all
for free
See also: Eric Hellman’s Open Access chapter in Library Technology Reports &
ONLINE Magazine, eBook Buzz Column, May/June 2012
Knowledge Unlatched
 Frances Pinter
 Global Library Consortia
 Libraries use CD funds
 Covers fixed costs for pubs
 Open Access/CC License
 Pilot in 2013
 knowledgeunlatched.org
See also: NSR Audio Interview with Frances Pinter, March, 2010
Regional initiatives
books.scielo.org
eBooks - PDF and ePub
Open Access
Textbooks
Open Educational Resources
Reuse
Redistribute
Revise
Remix
Opportunities and Challenges
 Free
 Easy to update/change
 Customizable
 Localize content
 Different learning styles
 Break into granular pieces
Opportunities and Challenges
 Free
 Time consuming
 Easy to update/change
 Buy-in
 Customizable
 Requires technology
 Localize content
 Is content quality?
 Different learning styles
 Is content available?
 Break into granular pieces
Higher Education OERs
 MIT Open CourseWare
 Connexions
 Merlot
 Open Course Library
 OER Commons
Open Access Role for Libraries?
 Libraries can participate in a digital future
 Promote open access solutions





Educate faculty on publishing options
Use collection funds to support open access
Encourage adoption of OERs
Membership in GLC
Add open access ebook metadata to discovery tools
Self Publishing
Self Publishing Companies
Rise in Self-Publishing
 “Golden Age of Self-Publishing”
 2010 = 133,000 titles
 2011 = 211,000 titles
 Fiction 45%
 eBooks = 41% units but only 11% sales
 eBook average cost = $3.18
Non-Traditional Publishing
4.000.000
3.500.000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3.000.000
2.500.000
2.000.000
1.500.000
1.000.000
500.000
0
Traditional
Non-Traditional
Libraries and Self-Publishing
How do we…
Discover
Review
Purchase
Access
Self-published eBooks?
Academics self-publish too
10034 views in 2 weeks
Libraries as Publishers?
 Open access journals & books
 Institutional Repositories
 Work directly with content creators
 Training and support for self-publishing
Purdue Study on Library Publishing
 March 2012
 Survey of 43 academic
libraries
 55% have or are
interested in publishing
 90% launched to
contribute to change in
the scholarly publishing
system
Publishers
Owning Budgets
Local
Hosting
Access
DRM
Formats
Patron
Driven
eBooks
In
Libraries
Self
Publishing
Open
Access
Short-term
Loans
Consortia
OERs
Accessibility
Textbooks
Licensing
Keeping Up?
 No Shelf Required – www.noshelfrequired.com
 Teleread – www.teleread.org
 INFOdocket– www.infodocket.com
 eBooknewser - www.mediabistro.com/ebooknewser/
 The Digital Reader - www.the-digital-reader.com/
 Go-to-hellman - go-to-hellman.blogspot.com
 ALA TechSource blog - www.alatechsource.org/blog
 LJ/SLJ ebook Summit – www.thedigitalshift.com
Questions?
sue.polanka@
wright.edu
Twitter
@noshelfrequired
noshelfrequired.com