Amazrar 1 adlis 2
Transcrição
Amazrar 1 adlis 2
Imenzayen imedra n tudert n tmezgida Jeff Reed Aselmed n wadlis iqedsen S setta taggnitin i yagrawen imecṭuḥen IMENZAYEN IMEDRA AMAZRAR 1 - ADLIS 2 © LearnCorp Resources, 2013 Amaɣud akk ittwaḍref. Dayen ittwagedlen ad-yeɛɛiwed yiwen i wayagi, ulamek ara-t i numériser yiwen iwakken ara-t yexzen naɣ iwakken ara-t yebzer s yitwalen akk yellan (s l’electronique, mécanique, photocopie, enregistrement naɣ s wayen nniḍen) ayen akw yellan deg wadlis-agi, anagar ma yella d abder-kan ara t-id bedren di labɛeḍ umagrad unadi, war ma yefka-yawen turagt LearnCorp Resources. Tarẓigt-agi n tamaziɣt yeffeɣ-ed s yiwen ugatu yellan d BILD International, 2400 Oakwood Road, Ames, IA 50014-8417. http://bild.org Tarẓigt i d-yefɣen s tneglizit d ayla n LearnCorp Resources fkanas isem n Belonging to a Family of Families, (1.1) s ɣur Jeff Reed, © LearnCorp Resources, 1997. LearnCorp Resources i sekfiwel i wufares d wayen ilaqen i s’ara yeɛɛiwen timezgidatin, imawlan, d iɣerbazen n tmasiḥit akk d yergazen d tulawin iqedcen deg ineɣlafen-nsen. Angawi yagi yella-d akken ara i seɣred di tuggmin n BILD International i twaxedmen I wusileɣ inebdaden n tmezgidatin. Assuɣel n : Dda Yidir Assuɣel-agi s tamaziɣt yeffeɣ-ed s ɣur : CNA i deg i yella daɣen yid-neɣ CNA http://cna-sat.org Tudlift – Tanila akk tmeḍrant s ɣur : Bill Thielker Issimal n tira iqedsen dayen i d-ittwajebden si tin n usuɣel n win izerɛen. DDK Version 1.1 – May 2013 2 Afser Tazwart: Yiwen n umezruy yedren …………………………………… 4 Tazwart: Illi d ayla n twacult n twaculin ……………………………. 6 Talkensit: Imenzayen imedra ………………………………………… 8 TAGGNITT 1 Taceqquft iǧehden n uɣawas n Yasuɛ, Timezgida …………..…….. 16 TAGGNITT 2 Timezgida am twacult n twaculin …………...………………………… 25 TAGGNITT 3 Tudert di tlemmast n twacult n teflest ……………………………….. 34 TAGGNITT 4 Idir di tlemmast n twacult n twaculin ……………………………….. 46 TAGGNITT 5 Sbedd di tudert ayen yezwaren .………………………………………… 56 TAGGNITT 6 Aɛiwed n wamsel i tudert-nneɣ ……………………………………….. 66 Umuɣ n iwtayen aked tmedṛanin araɣ yilin am tsura n tira ….. 71 Iwakken ara tkemlem assileɣ-nwen …………………………………... 74 Tirawin n Tagara ………………………………………..……………….. 75 afsar=sommaire, talkensit=collection, uɣawas=plan, umuɣ=liste, iwtayen=termes, timedṛanin=concept, taggnitt=volet, asileɣ=formation, tirawin=notes 3 Tazwart : Yiwen n umezruy yedren Amazrar-agi n yidlisen d ayen i d-yefrurin si ccɣul n wid ifelsen yerna kfiwlen. Amazrar-agi d ayen i d-ilulen di tlemmast n yiwen unaɣlaf yettaken ifadden i tmezgidatin i d-ittlalen, yerna d ayen i neḍfer ataya tura 25 iseggasen. Taneflit-is d ayen yellan d yiwen umezruy yettwadren, ẓḍant yergazen tulawin imekdiyen, iqedcen ɣef Adunay Yasuɛ. Tkenniden ɣef imenzayen-agi imedra, dayen ddren di tlemmast n twaculin-nsen aked tmezgidatin-nsen, sbanayent-id s umedya n wamek llan nutni. Bɣiɣ si tazwara ad-iniɣ tanmirt i wid iyi-qerben. Tanmirt i Nancy, tameṭṭut-iw: tesselmed-iyi akken ilaq anamek n takdit n ṣṣeḥ. Tanmirt i tarbaɛt i xedmen deg waḍris n tneglizit, ikfel-ed si tlata n tisutwin n tulawin – tameṭṭut-iw Nancy, terna-d Maxine taḍeggalt-iw aked Anna Yelli – tlata tulawin yesɛan tudert yefkan asehru i l’Inǧil. War tarbaɛt-agi ifazen, tili amazrar-agi ittwaɣum, yerna yeččuṛ d izgalen. Tanmirt daɣen i Mmi Jonathan, imahlen war leɛḍil deg imazraren-agi yellan i yinelmaden n Aswir wis sin. Tanmirt i George Stagg, aḍeggal-iw, imi asenfar n taẓrigt-agi d ayen iɛeddan s ger ifassen-is. I sin yidsen bannen-d amek llan d ilemẓiyen imekdiyen n l’Inǧil. Yiwen wawal i s’ara iniɣ tanmirt i twacult-iw n tmezgida n Ontario Bible Church. Timezgida-yagi lmudda n 25 iseggasen nettat d aɛiwen si tneflit n angawi-yagi, laṣel-is d ayen yulin alami d lawan-nni i deg llan “ikarniyen-nni izegzawen ur necbiḥ ara”. Xas ad-ɛɛiwdeɣ mazal : takkemict-agi n imekdiyen, ifelsen, tebna tudert-is ɣef imenzayen imedra n teflest. Ass-agi twalin Igumma i dyefɣen s waṭas si ccɣul-nsen, d ayen ibanen di tudert n warrawnsen, deg ineɣlafen-nsen anda ma llan di ddunit. Bɣiɣ daɣen ad-iniɣ tanmirt i yemḍebṛen akk tmezgidatin yettikin deg uẓeṭṭa-yagi n BILD International i d-yezzin akk i ddunit. Tanmirt i kunwi isqedcen angawi-yagi yerna tefkam-d afus s takdit deg usuteb ines. Tasuqelt n umazrar-agi deg waṭas n tutlayin atna-d ceɣlen yid-es deg xilla n tmura di ddunit. Ad-ḥizeɣ tanmirt iman-is i Don McReavy, yefka-iyi ifadden aṭas iwakken ara-d ssufɣeɣ amazrar=série, kfiwlen=engagés, naɣlaf=ministère, taneflit=développement, imekdiyen=fidèles, imenzayen imedra=principes fondamentaux, ameddua=exemple, anamek=signification, tisutwin=générations, asehru=honneur, izgalen=fautes, imazraren=séries, niveau secondaire, asenfar n taẓrigt=projet d’édition, angawi=matériel, igumma=fruits, ineɣlafen=ministères, usuteb=élaboration, tasuqelt=traduction 4 amazrar amezwaru, n Lsasat n teflest tamasiḥit. Atan mazal ittkemmil ccɣul yid-i deg usuteb n usenfar-agi. Tanmirt i Bob Goris aked Charlie Stagg, xedmeɣ yid-sen di tlemmast n LearnCorp Resources. Am waken llan daɣen waṭas n yemdanen yefkan afus uɛiwen deg ussihel n Bulus, aṭas iɛerran i lekkmam-nsen akken ara-d ssufɣen amazrar-agi ɣer tafat. Tanmirt daɣen i Bill Thielker, d aqeddac inekmalen, yerna ayen i yas-d ittwanefken n tikciwin, iḥres iman-is iwakken ara isseqdec ayen ɣef Yillu ines. Ihi s yisem n wid m’ara i d-bedreɣ dagi, tawacult-iw, timezgida, taẓallit-iw iwakken ara isseqdec Yillu amazrar-agi am yiwen Didaché unemtuta (Chatéchisme) iwakken ara-t awi aṭas n yemdanen ad-ǧehden di teflest ! Timezgidatin i deg-i yellan ad-ftint ! Tiwaculin-nsen ad-yeffeɣ deg-sen-t igumma ara isferḥen aṭas tisutwin i d-iteddun ! Jeff REED, OCTOBRE 1997 assihel=voyage, aselmed n unemtuta=Didachè contemporaine, fti=multiplier, igumma=fruits, tisutwin=générations 5 taflest=foi, Tazwart : Illi d ayla n twacult n twaculin A ttḥusseḍ tellid d ayla yerna tesɛiḍ azraf iwakken ara-t iliḍ, snat n tɣewsiwin-agi d ayen isɛan azal ameqqṛan di tudert. Ma yella ur ččuṛen-t ara amdan ad-yuɣal d ṣṣyada tassehlant i yir ixemmimen: Aberrazu, tansuft, urrif, aked d lqella ussirem. Dayen illan d uɣdim ad-nini belli ma xuṣṣen-t snat n tɣewsiwin-agi degneɣ ula d tudert s timad-is a ttili mgal-nneɣ. D acu i yaɣ-d ittbinen ass-a di ddunit ?, snat n tɣewsiwin-agi yellan d imedra atan am akken ma ruḥen-t negren-t deg idles utrim. Atan ilemẓiyen n lǧilagi, gman-d uɣalen d irgazen, maca ttbinen-d am akken ma iɛreqasen wabrid ur ssinen ara maḍi ansa i d-kkan. Ansa i d-yekka ufray-agi n wayla ? Tin n ṣṣeḥ irres ɣef tamedṛant n twacult. S tidet, ayagi d ayen i d-yettbinen aṭas, di lekmala ines, deg amnaḍ n tudert usdukkel. M’ara iwali yella d ayla n twacult yesɛan amur-is di twacult-nni meqqṛen wessiɛen, ataya anda i d-yettbin akter wazal n wayla. Maca ayagi iman-is ddrus: Ilaq ad-yili yiwen d ayla n twacult yellan teddukel, yezṛan d acu llan. Adunay Illu ismentel di yal yiwen deg-neɣ axemmem belli ur nelli ara di ddunit-agi war taɣẓint d yiwen iswi ibanen. Tudert ur tettwaxdem ara iwakken ara ttizemzer yiwen! Maca d ayen ara-d yedṛun ma yella neɣfel neǧǧa iman-nneɣ alama rran-aɣ takkmamt. Deg xilla n idelsan yellan tura di tmura n utrim, nezmer a nwali acḥal tudert di twacult, di tejmeɛt atan yettsix kullec. Ula ttamssalt maḍi n twacult bedlen-as udem. Atan yal-wa ittazal akken ara yawweḍ ɣer iswi ines d wayen i ssaram, bennun rennun ur d-iban wayen. Ulama xas akken kren-d kra ttberriḥen akken ara-d sslen i ṣṣwab, ad-uɣalen ɣer wayen yesɛan azal d ṣṣeḥ di tdukli. Maca xas akken amdan atan ittazzal ad-yeqḍeɛ iswi-s, yal-wa yekka-t i yimanis kan, atan ḍuṛren aṭas lqima tesɛa twacult. Tirawt: ma nettnadi ɣef tateggart i d-ihedṛen ɣef wamek sfesden zzwaǧ aked ttudert di twacult, atan llan sin izwilen n yidlisen imenzayen id-yefɣen di marikan : BLANKENHORN (David), Fatherless America (Harper Perennial, USA, Fuṛar 1996, 336 p.) ; GALLAGHER (Maggie), The Abolition of Marriage (Regnery Publishing Inc., USA, Yennayer 2007, 300 p.). Tella daɣen yiwet n tilawt nniḍen qerṛiḥen aṭas, ɣef usentel n tmezgida, dduklen irkul deg ussiwel yesbed Yillu iwakken ara ilin aberrazu=dépression, tansuft=solitude, imedra=principes, utrim=occidental, wayla=appartenance, tamedṛant=notion, amnaḍ=contexte, ismentel=sujet, taɣẓint=raison, iswi=but, ttizemzer=gaspiller, tateggart=document, tilawt=réalité 6 ttafat n ddunit-agi iɣum ṭṭlam, tefsed. Timezgida atan ula d nettat tuḍen s lehlak-nni n yal-wa i yiman-is, akken xedmen akk deg utrim. Timezgida ilaqen a ttili ttawacult n twaculin, truḥ am akken tezgel ccɣul i yas ittwaweklen, t-tteddu akken llan iṣuḍaf n ssuq. Nazdel dɣa tanellayt-nni n wid i tetten tessen ur nesɛi aɣbel. Lebɣi n Yillu i tmezgida sumata, iwakken ara tili ttawacult n twaculin ara yesɛun izuṛan iǧehden, ara yesdaklen yal tasuti. Timezgida ilaq-as a ttili d aɣbalu ameqqṛan n tahregt, iwakken ara ttwaṛebbin imecṭuḥen, iwakken daɣen ara tesbed zzwaǧ ittdumun, ad-yili lweṛt ɛzizen ara zzdin si tasuti ɣer tasuti. Tezṛam belli llan s nnig 60% n warrac i d-ittefɣen di tmezgidatin n utrim, iruḥen ǧgan taflest akken-kan ara zewǧen, xedmen axxam ? Deg wadlis-agi, anwali akken ilaq timezgida anda nella, am twacult n twaculin. Lebɣi n Yillu ɣef inelmaden-is, iwakken ara ilin d ayla n twacult ittamnen, tawacult n tmezgida. Di taggnit tamezwarut, a nwali belli timezgida d yiwet n tdukli yesɛan azaraf a ttili. Di teggnit tis snat, d ttlata aked ṛebɛa, a nwali akken ilaq anamek n tudert yedduklen. Ataya wanda ara-d ibin s tidet d acu i d azal n wayla-nneɣ. Di taggnit tis snat a nwali belli lebɣi n Yillu i tmezgida, iwakken ara-d bin di lecɣal-is belli tella ttawacult n ṣseḥ. Di taggnit yellan ɣer zdat, a nwali daɣen akken ilaq tamasit-nneɣ di tmezgida anda nella. Ma di taggnit tis ṛebɛa a nwali akken ilaq tamasit-nneɣ di twaculin-neɣ. Di taggnit tis xemsa, an-kenned akken ilaq ɣef wamek yesɛa tixutra tameqqṛan iwakken ara yesbedd yiwen ayen akk yezwaren di tudert-is. A neɛṛed iwakken ara nɛeddi s nnig uxemmem-nni n yal-wa iman-is, a nesɛu d aɣbel amek ara nessekcem di tama ayen akk yellan yezwar ɣur-neɣ, di twaculinnneɣ. Di tama nniḍen, tudert-nneɣ di twacult n Yillu, timezgida anda nella. Deg wadlis wis tlata, a nerfed amur-nneɣ di tuɣḍaṭ n tmezgida: imenzayen imedra n tamlilt n tmezgida, a neknu akken ara nwali aṭas lexṣaṣ n walsi, d win n taɣẓint akken ara yili! A nelmed imenzayen imedra yellan d lsas n tmezgida. Snat n tezrawtin-agi d ayen ara yebnun lsas ara yawin yiwen ad-yesɛu tudert ifazen, yeččuṛen s tidett ttufrayt n wayla, aked ttaɣẓint n wamek ara yili yiwen s tidet. Kret a nebdut ihi a nesress lsasat, s uselmed n wadlis-agi wis sin, Illi d ayla n twacult n twaculin: imenzayen imedra n tudert di tmezgida. usentel=sujet, utrim=occidental, nazdel=adopter, tanellayt=mentalité, tahregt= inspiration, anamek=sens, tamasit=responsabilité, imenzayen imedra=principes fondamentaux, tamlilt=rôle, alsi=humain, tazrawtin=études, tufrayt=sentiment 7 Talkensit : Imenzayen imedra Tikli yuysen s tasmessit n timetti aked tifadiwin-is Aqlaɣ ass-agi zdat yiwet n tudert tamaynut i yaɣ-d ittwanefken : Tudert-nni n ordinateur, d mkul ṣsenf n talɣiwin, war leɛdil timaynutin ixeddamen di ddunit amek tella liḥala-nsen. Bɣan meṛra ad-lemden ad-rennun di tlemmast n tanunnect-nsen. Awennaḍ-agi isdenkiyaɣ aṭas n tugtatin, amek ara nesseqdec akudnneɣ d yedrimen-nneɣ, d wamek ilaq a tili tassaɣt-nneɣ. Yer wayagi akk ara nernu taflest-nneɣ d wamek nebɣa a nidir! S nnig wamek ilaq a nexdem akken ara nbedd ɣer twaculin-nneɣ, akken ur ten-yettxaṣsa wacema, nessaram akken ara neqdec ɣef Yillu, a nesɛu aneɣlaf yelhan. Ilaq daɣen a nisin amek ara nesseqdec swayeɛ n umahil, imasayen n twaculin, Itfaren, d wamek ilaq a nili nhegga akken ara nekcem deg uneɣlaf di tlemmast n tmezgida-nneɣ. Anamek n wayagi akk, ilaq a nḥizz aṭas n wakud aked tezmert i wexxam, deg umahil, d wayen akk iḍeṛrun di tmezgida anda nella. Zdat wayagi akk am akken, ur d-yeqqim wacema n wakud iwakken ara yeggmu yiwen wa-d yaff iman-is. Idles i yaɣ-d yezzin isdenkey fellaɣ akken ara nxemmem akken yella lqaleb-is, deg waṭas n tɣewsiwin, i deg-i yella daɣen tmessaltnni, amek ara yeggmu yiwen ad-yaff iman-is. Nebɣa meṛra: Ddwa-nni tamkerra mačči d tifrat-nni n ṣṣeḥ ; “Amek i teddu wayen” mačči d tazmert n tasnezgimt yeṣfan ; Asileɣ ittɣawalen mačči d akala ittkemmilen deg uselmed ; Ayen yellan d tanga i taferra mačči d amek ara yelmed yiwen s umaglay d uṣsuneḍ ; Ikayaden n mkul ṣsenf mačči d lxudma yuḥwajen ṛruḥ akk d tasemlilt ; Isnasen isehlen mačči d tid yettawin ɣer usenfar yuɛṛen. Ihi ma nebɣa nekwni s imasiḥiyen n 21 leqṛun ur nɛeddel ara yidsen, ilaq a nettḥiz lweqt ilaqen, akken ara neggmu di tmusni anaff iman-nneɣ akken ilaq. Ulamek ara neɣfel fell-asen ma yella talkensit=collection, imenzayen imedra=principes fondamentaux, timetti=société, talɣiwin=informations, timaynutin=les nouvelles, awennaḍ=environnement, asdenkey=imposer, tuglatin=contraintes, tansayt=relation, aneɣlaf=ministère, imasayen=responsabilités, itfaren=devoirs, idles=culture, tamkerra=miracle, tasnezgimt=réflexion, asileɣ=formation, akala=processus, d tanga=matière, taferra=sensation, amaglay=sérieux, ssuneḍ=ordonné, Ikayaden=examens, tasemlilt=synthèse, isnasen=applications, asenfar=projet. 8 nebɣa ad-tteffeɣ di tudert-nneɣ lfakya. Nuḥwaj a nesɛu yiwet n tasudest d ayen araɣ yilin d amnir i wabrid n tudert-nneɣ. Yerna ayagi ilaq a nebdu deg-s war leɛḍil ! Talkensit n imenzayen imedra tban-ed d allal araɣ yeɛɛiwnen deg caṛkiḍ-agi amenzu. Ihi tura a nɛeddi-t ɣer umecwaṛ amenzu! Imseɣra n talkensit Imenzayen imedra Adlis-agi yella d yiwen seg idlisen nniḍen iweṣfen yiwen umazrar. Talkensit di lekmala ines tesɛa aṭas n imazraren. Asentel n imenzayen imedra d ayen i d-ittwajebden di tebṛat n Bulus i dyura i tmezgida nat At Kuluṣ, ataya tura qṛib 2000 iseggasen-ayagi. Ɣurwat amer a kun-yeṭṭef yiwen di tcerket unadi n tmusni-nni yellan d ineɣlankan yettɣurrun, lsas-is iress ɣef leɛwayed n yemdanen, ɣef imenzayen imedra inehṛen tudert di ddunit mačči ɣef Yasuɛ i tṛeṣsa. (At Kuluṣ 2.8) Ddunit-agi atan tella deg ufus n waṭas n imenzayen imedra, wa deffir-wa, (di tira iqedsen nezmer a nwali amek i d-hedren-t ɣef imenzayen imedra n ddunit). Maca aɛni mačči d ayen ilaqen, iwakken taflest-nneɣ d tudert-nneɣ tamasiḥit ur tṛeṣṣin-t ara ɛni ula d nutenti, ɣef imenzayen d lsasat iṣeḥḥan? Ayagi iqeddem-ed aserrusuy amenzu ara yelmed yiwen, ad-yafles wa-d yettidir ayen. Ayagi d ayen yellan ɣef usentel n lsas-nni ɣef ara iress lebni meṛra. Ma yella tidet-agi ur tettwassen ara, ayen nniḍen merra ad-yili yexṛeb ! Amaskar i d-yuran tabṛat i Yiɛbṛaniyen, d ayen ibanen belli yegza akken ilaq ayagi. Di tebṛat Iɛebraniyen 5, ittḥelliy seg wid i ttiɣaṛen, iwakken ur d taǧǧan ara taflest-nsen tamaynut i yufan, naɣ mulac yella lxuf fell-asen : 11 Nesɛa aṭas ara-d nini ɣef usentel-agi, yerna d ayen yellan yuɛer a t-id izzegzu yiwen, acku tuɣalem tuɛrem i wuzzegzi. 12 Kunwi tili i tellam acḥal-aya d iselmaden, atan kunwi tuḥwajem mazal iwakken ara wen-iselmed yiwen leqqdami timezwura ɣef usentel n lumuṛat n Yillu, tuɣalem alami tuḥwajem ayefki mačči d lmakla iǧehden. 13 Kra n win mazal i teṭṭeḍ ayefki d llufan i gella, ur yessin ara ad yextiṛ s ger wayen yelhan d wayen n ddiri. 14 Maca lqut iǧehden yella i wid yegman uɣalen d’irgazen, yesnen ad-ferẓen s ger lxiṛ d cceṛ. (Iɛebraniyen 5.11-14) Imasiḥiyen Iɛebṛaniyen uɣalen alami d tun lsasat, “imenzayen imedra” n teflest-nsen. Asmi tuben uɣalen d imasiḥiyen, imaslaḍen n twaculin-nsen, aked yemdukkal-nsen iɛebṛaniyen; ḥeṛsen degsen, rennun akken ara-d uɣalen ɣer wabrid-nsen. Uɣalen alami i tasudest=stratégie, amnir=guide, talkensit-collection, imenzayen imedra= principes fondamentaux, allal=moyen, imseɣṛa=objectifs, amazrar=série, ineɣlan=illusion, amaskar=auteur, agzu=comprendre 9 ten-yekcem ccek ɣef usentil n lsasat n teflest tamasiḥit. Ayen ara-d nini d tagrayt, deg wayen i nwala yura dagi, ulamek ara yeggmu yiwen ad-yimɣuṛ war ma yefhem imenzayen iferdas n teflest tamasiḥit. Iswi n umazrar n yidlisen-agi iwakken ara kun-ɛiwnen a tafem imenzayen ilaqen, a kun-awin iwakken ara tawḍem a tebnum ɣef lsas-nsen, akken daɣen ara tegmum a tuɣalem d wid ɣef i yezmer ad-yettkel yiwen. Si tallit-nni tamenzut tamaynut yelhan n L’Inǧil, alami d ass-a yal lǧil imasiḥiyen twaɛraḍen ad-ḥersen seg-imannsen, akken ara isinen wa-d ḥerzen imenzayen-agi. Timezgida daɣen tamenzut, uqbel ad-binen ɛinani imasiḥiyen d tikkin di tmezgida, ilaq-asen ad-lemden a didachè (aselmed). A didachè yella d agzul, aɛiwed n uselmed meṛra yellan d lsas n Lɛahed Amaynut – Imenzayen imedra. Di tallit-nni n tasmeskelt lwuǧug iseggasen-nni 1600, aselmed-agi fkana-s isem n Katicisme, iswi ines daɣen wagi, akken ara yeɛɛiwen imasiḥiyen, iwakken ara issinen akken iwqem timedṛanin-agi imedra. Ihi, tamedṛant imenzayen imedra dayen iɛnan meṛra taɣulin n tudert. D ayen i d-yekkan si taɛwint n uselmed-nni ifazen. Ataya tura qṛib 150 iseggasen ayagi, John NEWMAN, deg wadlis-nni i wumi semma The Idea of University (Tamedṛant n tasdawit), Ixemmem yerna yefaka-yas isem, i wayagi “iqurqac n imenzayen ilaqen”. Yur NEWMAN, iswi n tasdawit akken ara-t sselmed leqdami timenza di kra yellan, dɣa a tuɣal aten-tawi alama d ansa idneqdaɛen-t tilisa timenzayin yellan d lsas – a tesseqdec seg-sen iwakken ayen yellan d aqirquc ad-yuɣal tabexsist. Akka daɣen i tella ɣef usentel n teflest-nneɣ. M’ara nawweḍ alama nessen akken ilaq imenzayen imedra, yerna a nezmer akken ara nidir ayagi di tiɣulin akw n tudert-nneɣ. Ataya wayen yellan d abrid yettawin akken ara nuɣal d irgazen ɣef i yezmer ad-yettkel yiwen. Ihi imazraren-agi meṛra n imenzayen imedra twaheggan-d akken ilaq, iwakken ara kun-ɛiwnen a tiǧhidem di teflest-nwen ɣef lsasat-agi meṛra ! Ma yella tura-kan it-tubem ɣer teflest tamasiḥit, naɣ ma tḥussem deg iman-nwen amek tuḥwajem akken ara tegzum imenzayen-agi tikkelt tamezwarut, naɣ ahat tebɣam-kan iwakken ara ternum a teswem ayen tegzam ɣef imenzayen ilaqen i telflest, a ternum aselmed akteṛ, atan ad-leqqḍem aṭas n ubaɣuṛ i tudert-nwen. imenzayen imedra=principes fondamentaux, imaṣlaḍen=membres, asentel=sujet, tagrayt=conclusion, war=sans, iferdas=élémentaires, iswi=but, amazrar=série, tamaynutt=nouvelle, agzul=résumé, tasmeskelt=réforme, timedṛanin=notions, imedra =fondamentales, taɣlin=domaine, tasdawit=université 10 Talkensit Imenzayen imedra Amazrar 1 : Amazrar 2 : Amazrar 3 : 1. Issin amek ara-t sqedceḍ tira iqedsen Imenzayen imedra n uselmed n tira iqedsen 2. Zzegzu tuɣḍaṭ n ddunit meṛra Imenzayen imedra i d-ittwajebden di lecɣal n Yemcegɛen 3. Ssres lsas iǧehden Imenzayen imedra i d-ittwajebden si 1 aked 2 n Tissaluni 4. Issin amek tella tmuɣli n Yillu ɣef tmezgida Imenzayen imedra i d-ittwajebden si tebṛatt nat Ifasus 5. Iddir deg waxxam n Yillu Imenzayen imedra i d-ittwajebden si tebṛatin imeksawen n tmezgida Tameḍṛant n imnan n uselmed Iswi n umazrar-agi iwakken ara kun-issuɛef deg yiwen ukala n uselmed, a tuɣalem a tesɛum axemmem n tira iqedsen. Akala-yagi d ayen i d-ikuflen deg yiwen umadya aɛebṛani ɣef usentel n tusna i dtalkensit imenzayen imedra=collection des principes fondamentaux, abaɣuṛ= récolte, amazrar=série, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, imaɣyaden=disciplinée, izalen=valeurs, tarennawet=succès, igumma=fruits 11 ittwajebden si tira iqedsen (idlisen n didaché n tira iqedsen) s nnig wayagi yella unadi ameqqṛan ɣef wamek llan sselmaden zikk. Ihi aqerreb-agi d ayen ittwasqedcen di yal imniyen n uselmed n tira iqedsen n talkensit imenzayen imedra. Akka ihi, m’ara tegzum akken ilaq tarayt-agi, a tilim twajdem i wayen akk yellan d ccɣul ama di amazrar-agi ama d imazraren ara-d yernun ɣer zdat. A tafem daɣem yiwen umedya n uselmed ur nuɛiṛ ara, yerna dayen ara tzemrem a tesqedcem ayen di kra yellan di tudert-nwen. Di xemsa n timliliyin timezwura, a tḍefṛem yiwen ukala n uselmed ara yebḍun ɣef ṛebɛa imecwaṛen. Timlilit tis setta yella deg-s yiwet n taggnit i wallas d wayen daɣen ara yilin d amecwaṛ aneggaru. Dayen ara kun-yawin iwakken ara-d arum tasemlilt n umahil i tkemlem di xemsa n timliliyin iɛeddan. Ad-tinim daɣen i wagraw-nwen amecṭuḥ ayen iɛelmen tudert-nwen di xemsa-nni imecwaṛen. Yiwen n Akala Aeelmed s Anagraw (A.A.A) Yiwen ukala uselmed n anagraw ittwasqedcen deg idlisen-agi, d ayen ara kun-iɛiwnen iwakken ara tilim dima twejdem, kra n tikkelt i deg ara tilim zdat wazrug n tira iqedsen. A.A.A. dayen ara wen-yilin d asmekti belli aselmed n tira iqedsen, mačči d tarmit n wasɣafes yufa yiwen deg yiwen wazrug n tira iqedsen, maca d ayen yebnan s ukayed akken iwqem. Akala yagi yesɛa rebɛa imecwaṛen imenzayen aked yiwen umecwaṛ n tagara, ara yilin tasemlilt n ccɣul ittwakemlen deg imecwaren iɛeddan. Xemsa n temliliyin timezwura: Di xemsa n taggnitin timezwura n yal adlis n “Imenzayen imedra”, d ayen ara tafem di yal timlilit, ṛebɛa imecwaren-agi : 1) Lmed tira iqedsen ; 2) Sekyed iwenniten ; 3) Xemmem ɣef iselkamen ; 4) Snes imenzayen. Tixutert n yal amecwar ittwazzegz-ed deg wayen yellan ɣer zdat. Lmed tira iqedsen Amecwaṛ-agi yella d amedra. Ulamek nessaweḍ a nesnirem timessalin n tira iqedsen war ma negza akala=processus, imniyen=guide, tegzum=comprendre, taṛayt=méthode, amedya=exemple, ukala=processus, allas=révision, tasemlilt=synthèse, anagraw=systématisé, azrug=passage, tarmit=mystique, akayeḍ=examen, asɣafes=mystification, sekyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, aselkem=implication, asnas=appliquer, tixutert=l’importance, azzegz=expliquer 12 anamek n wayen n lemmed nekwni di tra iqedsen. Igrawen n lehduṛ anda, yal yiwen iqqar-ed ayen ittxemmim, ayagi d ayen i yaɣ issebɛaden ɣef uxemmem n tira iqedsen; yerna d ayen daɣen izemren ad-issibɛed yiwen ɣef Yillu. Tiswiɛin d ayen sseqdacen akken ara fren lexsas-nsen n tmusni. Di yal taggnit n wadlis, d ayen ara netmahal dima, akken nesɛa lɛada, alama nekfa amecwaṛ amenzu. Anebdu s kra n tɣuri n tira iqedsen, dɣa ad-nefk tiririt i kra n yesteqsiyen yellan. Yerna ad-ssegzul aselmed yellan d ajgu alemmas n wayen i d-neɣṛa. Ayen ara yilin d cɣul-nwen deg umecwaṛ-agi : Ɣeṛ yiwen wazrug n tira iqedsen ; Xemmem ɣef tmessalin yesɛa ; Sagzul aselmed alemmas n wayen teɣṛid. Sekyed iwenniten Amecwar-agi daɣen d ayen isɛan aṭas n tixutra, xas ma yella mačči d ayen iɛeqlen akk imasiḥiyen n tasuti yellan ass-a. Illu iskaray-ed iselmaden i tnadin dima akken ara qedcen ɣef yal tasuti. Ṭtebbat-agi n tira iqedsen zemren ad-qerḥen tiswiɛin timezgida, zemren daɣen as-ilin d lbaraka. Ɣef wakka i yawen-d nextaṛ akken iwqem si kra n yidlisen i duran imusnawenagi imeqqṛanen n tira – nesnejmaɛ-ed seg-sen ayen i yaɣ-d ibanen izmer akun-iɛiwen. Amek id-ttwaqedmen s ssin ṣsenfat. Tazwart, s kra iwenniten ɣef wayen i d-neɣṛa di tira iqedsen, dɣa ad-rnun deffir kra n imukan i d’uran akken ara yili d aɛiwen, iwakken ara issegzu yiwen akken ilaq, tidet akk yeqnen ɣer wayen id-neɣra. Cɣul-nwen deg umecwaṛ-agi : Ɣer awennit-agi amecṭuḥ, txemmeḍ fell-as ; Ɣer issimlen ara yilin am tsura, txemmeḍ daɣen ɣef wayen ; Aru-t ixemmimen i yawen-d yusan si tɣuṛi-nwen. Xemmet ɣef iselkamen Amecwaṛ-agi iswi ines akken ara kun-iɛiwen a txemmem, ɣef iselkamen n uselmed, n wayen i tellam tlemdem tura. Ma tɣeflem ɣef tikli-yagi yezmer awen-iṛuḥ waṭas n asnirem=explorer, agzul=résumer, segzul=résumer, skeyyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, tasuti = génération, issimlen=citations 13 unamek yesɛan azal aṭas, ɣef tidet ara yilin d ajgu alemmas – imenzayen imedra n teflest. Timessalin-agi ara tqablem deg agrawen imecṭuḥen, d ayen ara yeldin imawen i lehduṛ waygarawen. Lehduṛ, amedya ɣef yiwen wagur zdat tafat n tira iqedsen, d ayen ara kun-yawin ɣer yiwet n tagrayt deg wagraw-nwen. Mačči deg agraw-agi ara tekkatem amek ara iɛeddi ixemmimen-nwen, maca iwakken ara twalim yal taɣewsiwt s tafat n tira iqedsen, akken yebɣu yili useqsi. Cɣul-nwen deg umecwaṛ-agi : Xemmet ɣef tmessalin i d-yellan, t-arum tiktiyin-nwen uqbel a tebdum lehduṛ ; Hedṛet deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ ɣef tmessalt yellan ; Aru-t tigraytin n wayen ɣef i t-hedṛem. Snes imenzayen Amecwaṛ-agi t-kemmel i tasufeɣt n uselmed. Iswi n wayagi akk mačči iwakken-kan ara negzu agur amek yella, neɣ m’ara negzu ayen i d-qqaren-t tira iqedsen deg wayen i dneɣṛa, maca iwakken ara-t nesnes, at-nesseqdec di tudert-nneɣ. Asnas-agi daɣen ilaq ad-ittwaqqen ɣer tidet n wayen i nelmed di tira iqedsen. Cɣul-nwen deg umecwaṛ-agi : Tuɣalin ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura ; Ad-nejbed deg-sent yiwen wasnas i tudert-nneɣ. Timlilit tis seta : Attili d taggnit taneggarut n wamni uselmed ara yilin daɣen d amecwaṛ aneggaru. Aɛiwed n wamsal i tudert-nneɣ Amecwaṛ-agi issemlal-ed akk akala n uselmed. Di xemsa n temliliyin, neḍfeṛ, Akala n Aselmed Anagraw yesɛan rebɛa imecwaren (A.A.A.). Tura ihi di temlilit tis setta, ad-negzul amahil akk i twakemlen, a nesɛeddi tudert-nneɣ deg usekyed. iselkamen= implications, tagrayt=conclusion, tiktiyin=idées, tigraytin=conclusions, snaset imenzayen=appliquer les principes, tasufeɣt=cycle, iswi=but, gzu= comprendre, maca=mais, sanes=appliquer, amni=guide 14 Asnas ara yilin sufella-kan ɣef wayen iɛnan tidet n tira iqedsen ur nezmir anesgiwen s wayagi-kan. Acḥal d abrid, i nettbeddad di leqṛaya-nneɣ uqwbel a tuɣal d ayen i deg ara teṭṭef tudert-nneɣ. Xemmem ɣef isnasen ilaqen, yeqnen ɣer uselmed n tira iqedsen, d ayen isɛan aṭas n tixutra. Maca asekyed n tudert-nneɣ, akken ma tella, zdat tafat n tmaynutin-agi meṛra, d ayen yesɛan azal aṭas ! Amecwar aneggaru n akala n uselmed iḥres deg-neɣ, iwakken ara nxemmem akken ilaq i tudert-nneɣ meṛra zdat tafat n tidet-at-agi i nsekyed alami d tura. Ayagi d ayen araɣ yawin, iwakken ara tbeddel tmuɣli-nneɣ ɣef ddunit. Ilaq a neǧǧ tidett-at agi inelmed iwakken ara ɛiwden-t amsal i tudert-nneɣ kamel. Cɣul-nneɣ deg umecwaṛ-agi : Asekfiwel n ul-nwen – s tnegzimt, sɛut aɣmis-nwen, akk tẓallit ; Asekfiwel n unelli-nwen – Tḥeddidet deg-wen timedliyin yefran banen-t, ceffu-t, t-ḥerzem tira iqedsen. Asekfiwel n tudert-nwen – s tiɣtasin, d isenfaren-nwen akk d tinumiwint n tudert. Sin n isemmaden ara yilin i yimniyen n tazrawt : Yiwen wafsar aked yiwet n tgezmi ɣef ussileɣ ara irennun. Afsar wamtu aked tmeḍṛant n tira iqedsen yellan d tasarut: Iswi n wafsar-agi iwakken ara wen-d yefk azzegzi imeslayen imaynuten. Nessenqes deg-sen aṭas deg wamni-yagi n tazrawt, maca ur nezmir ara yerna mačči d ayen ilaqen, iwakken ara n wexxeṛ ɣef kra n imeslayen ur neshil ara, maca sɛan amkannsen aked d tixutra. Llan kra imeslayen imaynuten – imeslayen-agi di tira iqedsen d ayen i ččuṛen d tabaɣurt aked d tidet – imeslayenagi d ayen ilaqen aten-yelmed yiwen. Iwakken ara nessifses akala yagi, nerna-d yiwen wafsar nniḍen. Akken ara tkemlem assileɣ-nwen : Tigezmi yagi d ayen ara kun-iɛiwnen iwakken ara tafem tiliwa nniḍen i s’ara tkemlem assileɣ-nwen. D ayen isɛan azal aṭas, iwakken ur tɣeflem ara ɣef ussileɣ-nwen, m’ara tkemlen adlis amezwaru. Ilaq a tegzum belli aql-akun tserrusuyem lsasat i wuselmed ara i dumen tudert kamel. aɛiwed n wumsal n tudert-nneɣ=remodeler nos vies, assemlil=synthèse, akala= processus, anagraw=systématisé, asekyed=examen, timaynutin=nouvelles, kfiwel=engagez, tanegzimt=réflexion, aɣmis=journal, inelli=esprit, tḥeddidet timedliyin-nwen=forgeant des convictions personnelles, tiɣtasin=décisions, isenfaren=projets, yinza=compléments, imniyen=guides, afsar=glossaire, tameḍṛant=concept, tigezmi=section, asileɣ=formation, awtu=terme 15 Tiɣmeɣrt ɣef ires uɣawas n Yasuɛ, Timezgida Taggnitt 1 Deg wadlis amezwaru n umazrar-agi, Anelmad ara nuɣal, nwala amek i d-yefka lameṛ Yasuɛ i yinelmaden-is, akken ara ṛuḥen adawin L’Inǧil i ddunit meṛra, ad-ɣeṭsen wa-d sselmaden wid yumnen. Nwala daɣen d acu i danamek amezwaru n waɣḍas: adrnun ɣer tejmaɛt n lqadisin, di tmezgida imaynuten ifelsen. Ataya wayen ittwasemman ttimazgida n Yasuɛ (wali Maṭṭa 16.18). A nebdut ihi s tamiḍṛant n “Tmezgida” a neɛṛeḍ amek ara negzu tilawt-agi deg uɣawas ines kamel. Azrug ara nelmed d amezwaru ittwajbed-ed si tebṛatt i d-yura Bulus i wat Ifasus. Seg Ifasus 2.18 alama d 3.11. Bulus yura ihi i tmezgida n Ifasus iwakken ara-s yemmel tabdelt n Yasuɛ, ittusema aɣawas ines i wi-d ifelsen. aɣawas-agi, ttimezgida ines. Tamessalt n wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen, yella d yiwen n tegzimt imenzayen n tebṛatin i d-yura Bulus, anda i d-yefka anamek n waɣlif-is di tlemmast n tmizgidatin, yefka-d a nwali kra aɣawas n Yasuɛ, yerna alami d ass-a ur d-ittwaweḥḥa ara i yemdanen. Lmed tira iqedsen Ɣeṛ : Ifasus 2.18 alama d 3.11 Xemmem ɣef tmessalin-agi ara yilin ɣer zdat : 1. Acu n tidet akk i d-iweḥḥa Bulus i wat leǧnas ? Acu yellan ttamasit n Wumceggeɛ ? 2. Anwa issersen lsas n Tmezgida n Yasuɛ ? Acu yellan ttiɣmeṛt ɣef tress lebni ? 3. I wacu yella tabdelt naɣ aɣawas n Yasuɛ ? Amek aɣawas-agi ara ikemmel lebɣi n Yillu ? aɣawas=plan, amazrar=série, tamedṛant=concept, gzu=comprendre, tilawt=réalité, azrug=passage, tabdelt=administration, tegzimt imenzayen=sections principales, anamek=sens, aɣlif=ministère, ttamasit=responsabilité, 16 Gzul-ed aselmed alemmas n yezrugen-agi n tira iqedsen: Arut tigraytin-nwen akken ara tecfum fell-asent, ama s tgemmunt n tseddaṛin, naɣ d azenziɣ naɣ d kra tfelwit. Xtiṛ-et ṣsenf n taɣwalt i yawen isehlen. Nadit akken ara-d tefkem awennit akken ilaq ɣef lecɣal n Bullus, d wacu tin n ṣṣeḥ i d-ittwaweḥḥan i tmezgida n Ifasus. Aselmed imedra n lecɣal n At Ifasus 2.18 alama d 3.11 : _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Sekyed iwenniten Iwenniten-agi ara yilin ɣer zdat sɛan iswi iwakken ara kun-ɛiwnen a tegzum izrugen n tira iqedsen, d ayen daɣen ara tisekren deg-wen akken ara txemmem ɣef iselkamen n uselmed. gzul-ed=résumez, amenzawi=central, tigraytin=conclusions, azenziɣ=paragraphe, tafelwit=tableau, taɣwalt=communication, awennit=commentaire, aselmed imedra=enseignements fondamentaux. 17 Ɣeṛ awennit-agi amecṭuḥ ɣef Lecɣal n Ifasus 2.18 alama d 3.11, txemmeḍ ɣef wayen akk yellan deg-s : D ayen isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant iwakken ara negzu amnaḍ n wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen. Acu yellan n wassaɣ s ger tebṛat-agi i dyura i tmezgida n Ifasus aked d uneɣlif kamel n Bulus ? Tabṛat-agi yura tt-id iwakken ara yefk ifadden i yimaṣlaḍen n tmezgida n Ifasus, akken ara idiren tuɣḍaṭ n Yasuɛ di lekmala ines. Deg umur amezwaru n tebṛat-agi, Bulus ittmeslay-ed ɣef uɣawas n Yasuɛ tabdelt-is aked d “ussiwel-nsen”. Amur wis sin n tebṛatt-agi iheddeṛ-ed ɣef wamek ilaq ad-idiren imasiḥiyen s tafat uɣawas n Yasuɛ yerna yefka-yasen-d lewṣayat ibanen ara ḍefṛen iwakken aras nilen tudert-nsen. Deg wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen, Bulus yuder-ed amek i yas waklen sin lecɣal (3.8-10). Tettwanefk-as-d tamasit iwakken ara ibecceṛ L’Inǧil “wa-d yesbin s tafat amek, yewwi deg ufus-is Illu aɣawasagi, ad-yettwakemmel kulci di lebɣi ines”. Asmi i ttub Bulus deg wabrid n Dimecq i yas-d ttwaweḥḥa tamasit-is amek ilaq ad-ibecceṛ L’Inǧil i leǧnas. Tzemrem a tteɣṛem ayen ɣef wayagi di lecɣal n yemcegɛen ixef 9. Deg Ifasus 2.11-17, Bulus nwala amek i d-yenna belli leǧnas llan tbelleɛ fell-asen teggurt n lemɛahdat n Yillu, D lǧens n Isṛaɛil igsseqdac Yillu, dayen imi qqaṛen iɛebṛaniyen. Maca tura ɣef umentil n lmut d ḥaggu n Yasuɛ, lḥiḍ-nni yekkan s gar leǧnas d lǧens n Isṛaɛil ittwahud. Tura dayen kra n win ifelsen ama n Isṛaɛil ama n leǧnas ad-ilin am akken ɣef yiwen deg yiwet n twacult tamaynut, axxam n Yillu, ttimezgida. Aɣawas-agi amaynut yella am wayen yefren ɣef wallen! Mačči d ayen issehlen ad-ixemmem yiwen belli ad-yass was i deg ara dduklen ɣef yiwen, leǧnas d Isṛaɛil deg yiwet n twacult imi qqaṛen timezgida ! (3.1-7). Awal-agi n wadrug d ayen i d-yudren yiwet n tɣewsiwt yeqqimen teffer zik, maca tura atan yusa-d uweḥḥi ines. Bulus ittwaxtaṛ iwakken ara yili d allal i s‘arad yettwasbin ɛinani wadrug n Yasuɛ yellan yeffer. Deg wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen, isban-ed aṭas n tmezṛiyin yesɛan tixutra tameqqṛant ɣef usentel uɣawas n Yillu. Timezgida tella d allal isseqdac Yillu iwakken ara-d iweḥḥi tamusni ines. Ulama ttinezmar n lmalayek aked iṛuḥaniyen zemren ad-feṛzen akken ilaq tamusni n Yillu di tmezgida n Yasuɛ (3.10). Ulac kra n ussurdu sekyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, gzu=comprendre, izrugen=passages, iselkamen=implications, amnaḍ=contexte, tamaqqant=relation, imaṣlaḍen= membres, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, aɣawas=plan, tabdelt=administration, nilen=diriger, tamasit=reponsabilité, adrug=mystère, allal=instrument 18 belli timezgida tella di tlemmast n wul uɣawas n Yillu ɣef umeɣrad ! timezgida a ttiseqdec Yillu iwakken ara ikemmel lebɣi ines kamel. Nezmer a nwali daɣen amek i d-iheddeṛ Bulus ɣef tmezgida-yagi tamaynut n wid ifelsen, yedduklen ama d at isṛaɛil ama d at leǧnas (2.18-22). Tettwaqeddem-ed am yiwen wexxam, am yiwen lebni, d ayen yellan d afakan. D afakan yedren, yesduklen wid ifelsen. Tasduklit meṛra tebna ɣef lsas sarsen imcegɛen aked nnbiyat, tira akk ttwaqedment-ed s talɣa n l’Inǧilat aked ttebṛatin n lɛahed amaynut. L’Inǧilat fkan-d lewṣef n wamek tella tudert n Yasuɛ, aɣlif-is, d uselmed ines. Yasuɛ yella ttiɣmeṛt-nni ɣef i tṛessa lebni, fell-as i tress lebni meṛṛa. Timezgida tettnerni tuɣal am yiwet n twacult yedren i deg-i yezdeɣ Ṛruḥ n Yillu, aked ttnagit-is ɣef Adunay Yasuɛ d ayen yefɣen iruḥ inuda-d akk ddunit. Timezgida tella deg wul n lebɣi n Yasuɛ si tazwara umezruy ɣer was-a. Yasuɛ yesɛa ih aɣawas iman-is i tmezgida ines. Yiwet si tamasit ittwaweklen i wemceggeɛ Bulus, iwakken ara iweḥḥi aɣawas-agi i tmezgidatin. S wallal n uɣawas-agi i d-ttwanefk akken ara ttettwassen tmusni n Yillu, i wi-d akk yesmeḥsisen, ulama ttinezmar n lmalayek aked d yir lerwaḥ, ad-walin ayen. Ɣeṛ issimlen yellan am tsura, txemmeḍ ɣef wayagi : Assimel yellan ɣer zdat d ayen i d-ittwajebden seg wadlis n, What On Earth Are You Doing? : Jesus’ Call to World Mission, n Michael C. GRIFFITHS, D yiwen umeqqṛan ittwasnen, ttqadaṛent di tama ines n tuɣḍaṭ. “Deg ixef-awen iɛeddan, nwala acu ixeddem Yasuɛ i yemdanen di tama n umazday. Issekcam-iten ɣef tmezgidatin timaynutin n tafat aked ttayri, i ttarra-ten “d imaṣlaḍen yesɛan amkan-nsen deg wagdud n Yillu”, imaṣlaḍen n twacult n Yillu (Ifasus 2.19). Ahat n serruḥuy dima deg utrim tixutra sɛant tmezgidatin n tmasiḥit imedra, ahat nenwa belli timezgidatin llant ccɣul n yegrawen-kan yesɛan amur-nsen di tudert n tmasiḥit. Njebbed akken ara namen belli L’Inǧil iqqaṛ-ed amek ilaq ad-ittwasellek wamdan. Maca di tebṛatt n at Ifasus tenna-d belli leslak n wamdan yella d yiwet n tasduklit n wasdukkel d ayen yellan d ssin illalen yeṭfen amkan ameqqṛan di L’Inǧil. Timezgidatin ur llint ara kan, am tkerrusin n ṛṛeḥma iwakken imdanen ad-afen leslak. azrug=passage, asentel=sujet, aɣawas=plan, ameɣrad=univers, afakan=temple, talɣa=forme, aɣlif=ministère, issimlat=citations, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, amazday= collectif, imaṣlaḍen=membres, utrim=occident, 19 Tamlilt-nsen ur tettwaqḍeɛ ara iwakken-kan ara teḍmen leɛnaya i wid ifelsen, aked ttudert taḥlawant, ɣef wussan-nsen akk ɣef lqaɛa. Lebɣi ameɣlel n Yillu, akken ara-d issukfel yiwet n timetti n talsawit i d-yettwafdan, tamaynut, ɛzizen, i deg ara yezdeɣ s timad-is Yillu.”1 Assimel-agi yellan ɣer zdat ittwajbed-ed si Planting Churches Cross-Culturally : A Guide for home and Foreign missions n David J. HESSELGRAVE. Adlis-agi d ayen ittwasnen aṭas, iheddeṛ-ed ɣef tmessalt-nni n tamlilt amenzay n tmezgidatin deg uɣawas n Yillu. “Aṭas n wayen i d-yesbanayen amek tella tassaɣt s gar Yasuɛ ttmezgida-s. D ayen yellan d lebni ines – ‘Ibennu ɣef lsas-nni sarsen yemcegɛen-is, ittbecciṛen awal-is, D Adunay Yasuɛ i gellan ttiɣmeṛt-nni ɣef tṛeṣsa lebni’ (Ifasus 2.19-21). Ttimezgida i ttafekka-ines n ṛruḥ - ‘Deg-s i tella tezga lekmala n Yillu yeččuṛen kullec di kulci’ (Ifasus 1.23); wali daɣen 1 Kurant 12.12,13). Timezgifa tella ttislit-is, d amenil n tayri-s aked duḥader ines ɛzizen (Ifasus 5.25-33). Ataya ɣef wacu timezgida ur telli ara d yiwet-kan n tikti, i dineflen seg wayen i xemmem Yillu. Si teɣlel kamel, Illu yexdem aɣawas-is amek ara tili tmezgida. S lmut aked ḥaggu n Mmi-s, ihegga-d ayen akk i yas ilaqen (Ifasus 1.19-23). Mmi-s n Yillu ihegga-d si tazwara ayen akk ilaqen, akken ara teggmu, d wamek ara-t ssileɣ, yefka-d lewṣayat i yinelmaden-is, amek ara tili tuɣḍaṭ-nsen, yefka-yasen-d tezmert s Ṛruḥ Uqdis (Lecɣal n Yemcegɛen 1.4-8). Timezgida naɣ timezgidatin meṛṛa ur sɛint ara aḥbib ara-d yessiwḍen Adunay Yasuɛ! Ihi ma yella imasiḥiyen ttwaɛerḍen akken ara ḥemlen ayen iḥemmel Adunaynsen, ilaq ad-ḥemlen timezgida - d tmezgidatin anda nella! M’ara nebɣu akken ara nisin taflest n yiwen amek tella, aqeṛreb yelhan ɣures, as-ssutren acu yettxemmim ɣef Yasuɛ aked ttmezgida-s !”2 Tirawt n tiktiyin akk ara-d ikuflen seg wayen i teɣṛam deg iwenniten-agi wezzilen aked ismilen yellan : ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ tamlilt=rôle, timetti talsawit=société humaine, assimel=citation, amenzay= principal, aɣawas=plan, amentil=sujet, teɣlel=éternité, ssileɣ=formation, tuɣḍaṭ= mission, tirawt=notes, tikyiyi=idées, awennit=commentaire, issimlat=citations. 20 ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Xemmet ɣef iselkamen Deg wul maḍi n uɣawas n Yasuɛ i tella tmezgida – ttmezgidatin-is meṛṛa. Di tesnegzimt-nwen, walit acḥal tesɛa tixutra tmezgida. Aqlaɣ n ttidir deg yiwen n tallit i deg-i tella tmedṛant ama ɣef tmezgida ama ɣef ttefrayt n wayla, rran-ten s ddaw ufus n waslum aked d iswiyen n yal yiwen i yiman-is. Xemmet ɣef iselkamen i d-ittenfalen seg uɣawas di lekmala ines n Yasuɛ, mkul taɣewsiwt i twaculin-nneɣ n teflest. Asentel : Amkan-is amenzawi n tmezgida deg uɣawas n Yasuɛ Xemmet ɣef tmessalin-agi yellan ɣer zdat uqbel a tebdum lehdur: 1. Acu n lqima tesɛa tmezgida di tuɣdaṭ n Yasuɛ ? 2. D aḍulli naɣ xaṭi iwakken ara neḍfeṛ aɣawas n Yasuɛ, i tmezgida akken i d-yefka Bulus aweḥḥi fell-as ? Amek ara neḥṣu s tidet belli azal-agi akk ur tifut ara lḥal ? 3. Amek ara yisin yiwen issuliḍen n uɣawas n Yasuɛ ? 4. Dayen isɛan azal naɣ xaṭi iwakken ara nḥizz i tmezgida amḍiq yelhan deg isenfaren-nneɣ ? iselkamen=implications, aɣawas=plan, tesnegzimt=réflexion, tameḍṛant=notion, tefrayt=sentiment, aslum=aspiration, iswiyen=buts, asentel=sujet, amenzawi= principal, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, aḍulli=nécessaire, issuliḍen=détails, isenfaren=projets 21 Tirawt tiririyin-nwen timezwura n tmessalin uqbel a tebdum lehdur : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Hedret ɣef tmessalin-agi deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ. Tirawt n tisnezgimin-nwen n tagara m’ara tfakkem lehdur : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 22 Snes imenzayen Atan tura yusa-d lawan i deg ara-d neṭqem ɣef usentel n wayen i tlemden d wayen i thedṛem. Tedmem akud ilaqen i tgezmi yagi. Uɣal ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura. Ssenfel yiwen wasnas i tudert-nwen. Kemlet asenfar i yawen-d i ttwanefken, yerna tarum ayen akk yellan d asnas. Asnas i yawen-d ittwanefken yesɛa snat n timeẓrin. Tamenzut akken ara-d arum ayen ara yilin d lsas, yesɛan d iswi ad-igzul amkan amenzawi i teṭṭef tmezgida deg uɣawas n Yasuɛ. dɣa tarum kra n tiktiyin ara wen-d yilin, m’ara tebdum axemmem amek ara-t zezwrem timezgida deg uɣawas n tudert-nwen. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ snes imenzayen=appliquer les principes, tegzimt=section, stenfel=développez, asenfar=projet, asnas=application, timezṛin=aspect, iswi=but, gzul=résumer, aɣawas=plan, tiktiyin=idées 23 Timezgida am twacult n twaculin Taggnitt 2 Di taggnitt tamezwarut, nwala acu n ccɣul iwekkel Yillu i Bulus: iwakken ara-d iweḥḥi tabdelt n Yasuɛ. Awal-agi n tebdelt d ayen i d-isbanen amek yecɣul Yasuɛ ttɣewsiwin n lqaɛa. Alami d imiren, anagar agdud n Isṛaɛil ig-snefɛen s timsisitin akk d lemɛahed, maca tura ula d leǧnas yumnen ad-sɛun amur-nsen seg iglamenagi, ad-sɛun amur-nsen daɣen deg wexxam n Yillu, tawacult-is, timezgida. D ayen yelhan aṭas iwakken ara negzu akken ilaq tikli n yal taɣewsiwt di twacult-agi n Yillu. A nezzi tura ɣer tebṛatin i dyura Bulus i Timuti aked i Tit, sin ilemẓiyen-agi yellan d imekdiyen i teddun yid-es di ccɣul n tuɣḍaṭ. Tibraṭin-agi begnent-ed belli axxam n Yillu d leqdic yellan deg-s, d ayen yeṭfen amkan ameqqṛan deg xemmem n Yillu. Di tagnitt-agi, akun-neɛṛeḍ iwakken ara-t lemdem 1 Timuti 3.14-16. Azrug-agi n tira iqedsen d ayen isɛan azal ameqqṛan, di tebṛatin-agi n Bulus i d-yeqsed i wid ara yuɣalen d imeksawen n tmezgida. (1 d 2 Timuti akk d Tit). Lmed tira iqedsen Ɣeṛ: 1 Timuti 3.14-16 Xemmem ɣef tmessalin-agi ara yilin ɣer zdat: 1. Acuɣeṛ Bulus yura i Timuti ? D acu yellan di lbal-is Bulus mi-d iheddeṛ ɣef wamek ilaq ad-yili yiwen deg wexxalm n Yillu ? 2. Acu n tamlilt aked ttamasit ilaqen i tmezgida a ttbedd akken ilaq ɣer tidett ? 3. Acuɣeṛ i d-yerna Bulus taseddaṛt-nni tis 16 ? Gzul-ed aselmed alemmas n yezrugen-agi n tira iqedsen : Arut tigraytin-nwen akken ara tecfum fell-asent, s yiweet n tgemmunt n tseddarin naɣ d azenziɣ naɣ s yiwen umazrar n tirawt naɣ s tfelwit. Xtiṛ-et ṣsenf n taɣwalt i yawen isehlen. Nadit akken ara-d tefkem awennit 1) tikti n tikli yelhan, 2) tamlilt n tmezgida akken ara teḥrez tidet aked d L’Inǧil di lekmala unes. 24 Aselmed imedra n 1 Timuti 3.14-16 : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ tabdelt=administration, timsisitin=alliances, iglamen=privilèges, gzu=comprendre, tikti=idée, imekdiyen=fidèles, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, azrug=passage, tamlilt=rôle, tamasit=responsabilité, tigraytin=conclusions, azenziɣ=schéma, amazrar=série, tfelwit=tableau, taɣwalt=communication 25 Sekyed iwenniten Iwenniten-agi yellan ɣer zdat, iswi-nsen iwakken ara kun-ɛiwnen akken ara-t gzum akken ilaq izrugen n tira iqedsen, a kun-awin daɣen akken ara txemmem ɣef isnasen n wayen tlemdem. Ɣeṛ awennit-agi amecṭuḥ ɣef usentel n 1 Timuti 3.14-16 txemmeḍ daɣen ɣef wayen akk yellan deg-s : Azrug-agi d ayen yelhan, imi-d yerna ɣef waḍris-nni i nelmed yakan di Ifasus. Am waken i d-nenna yakan, belli ccɣul n Bulus iwakken ara yesbin i yiɣlan tamaynut yelhan ugerruj ameqqṛan n Yasuɛ: At Iɣlan sɛan tura iglamen iɛedlen d wid n at Isṛaɛil, ayagi yella d adrug n tmezgida. Ataya wayen yellan ttiɣmeṛt iǧehden n Yllu, axxam-is yellan ttimezgida (Ifasus 2.20). Attaya yiwet n tmessalt yesɛan tixutra tameqqṛant: Tikli-nneɣ nesɛa di tlemmast n twacult n Yillu, d ayen isɛan azal ɣures naɣ xaṭi ? Ma yella d ayen yesɛan azal, acḥal id-ibann ihi uɣawas n Yillu i tmezgida-s ? Azrug amenzawi n tira iqedsen i d-isbanen ayagi akken iwqem di 1 Timuti 3.14-16. Deg wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen, Bulus inna-d acu n taɣẓint i t-idemren iwakken ara-d yaru 1 Timuti. Yefka-yaɣ-d Bulus yiwen wallal araɣ yeɛɛiwnen akken ara negzu lebɣi n Yillu i tmezgida ines. Tabṛat n timuti tella-d iwakken ara-d iqeddem amek ilaq a ttili tikli-nneɣ deg wexxam n Yillu. Llan kra yeqqaṛen imeslayen-agi qesden-d yiwen umeqqṛan tmezgida, imi tabṛat-agi iceggeɛitt-id i Timuti. Di tebṛat-agi llant lewṣayat amek ilaq a ttili tikli n wid iqedcen deg wexxam n Yillu – timezgida yellan ttawacult-is - tebɣa a ttili wessiɛet meqqṛet, di lebɣi n Yillu. Bulus nwala amek i d-iqeddem dagi aṭas n tmessalin ɣef usentel n twacult, inna-d amedya imaṣlaḍen n tmezgida, ilaq ad-ilin way garaasen, akken llan imaṣlaḍen n yiwet n twacult (5.1,2), ad-bedden s lxiṛ ɣer tuǧǧal yellan di twacult n tmezgida, ma yella ur zmiren-t ara twaculin-nsent (5.3-16). Timezgida anda nella d ayen ittwasemman s tidet d axxam n Yillu. sekyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, iswi=but, gzu=comprendre, izrugen=passages, iselkamen=implications, aḍris=étude, iglamen=privilèges, adrug=mystère, aɣawas=plan, amenzawi=principal, taɣẓint=raison, assentel=sujet, imaṣlaḍen=membres 26 Dagi Bulus ihedder-ed i yiwet n tmezgida ibanen. Timuti yella imiren di Ifasus, maca tin n ṣṣeḥ Bulus deg wayen i d-yenna dagi, d ayen ilaqen i yal timezgida, anda tebɣu tili. Issinet ayagi belli Bulus inna-d amek ilaq i yal yiwen ad-yesɛu tikli yelhan di tmezgida, yellan ttawacult n Yillu. Bulus nwala dagi amek i d-yefka i Timuti lewṣayat ibanen, iwakken ara yesbed yiwet n tmezgida ara yilin deg uɣawas d lebɣi n Yasuɛ. Deg wayen i d-yenna dagi Bulus llant deg-s tmessalin ɣef usentel n ussiwel n wid ara iqedcen, amek ilaq a ttili tmaqqant s gar imaṣladen n twacult n Yillu, leɛnaya ɣef tuǧǧal, tiferni n yemḍebṛen, aɣrud-nsen, d wamek ilaq ad-yili leqdeṛ way gar-asen. Acuɣer timessalin-agi meṛṛa sɛant tixutra zdat tmuɣli n Yasuɛ ? Yella wayen yesduklen ih s gar tidet aked ussusel di tlemmast n twacult di tmezgida, s gar daɣen tiskiweṭ ttassaɣt ara yilin di tmezgida n Imasiḥiyen, aked waḥrez n tidet, s gar ubeccer n L’Inǧil aked uselmed n Yasuɛ. Timezgida ilaq-as a ttili d ajgu alemmas, d ayen ɣef ara tkenned tidet. Yasuɛ yebɣa iwakken di tmezgida adidiren wa-d ḥerzen tidett yerna ad-ttidren di tidett-nni yeṣfan. Ayagi yella aɛni d azarig-kan ilaqen at-ḍefṛent meṛṛa tmezgidatin? Bulus yettṛaju aɛni iwakken ara ssexdament ayagi tmezgidatin meṛṛa ? Ɣur Bulus, timezgida ur nelli ara deg assusel i ttwasbedden, atan tezgel iswi ines (wali Tit 1.5). Ataya ɣef wacu Bulus yura-yasen tibṛatin, yerna iceggeɛ-asen yiwen umaṣlaḍ n wagraw-is, iwakken ara xeddmen aked ttmezgidatin timaynutin. Acku uḥwajent iwakken ara ṛeṣṣint ad-ǧehden akken ilaq. Ahat adyili w’ara-d yinin “dacut yella akka Bulus ? Iwakken ara naɣ awalis, a nexdem ayen i d-yenna ?” Acku win ara iḍefṛen aselmed n Bulus atan d Yasuɛ s timad-is i geḍfeṛ, imi ccɣul n Bulus, iwakken ara yesbin adrug n tmezgida, i yas-d i ttwanefken ad-iwali. Lemdet ihi ternum belli yiwen seg iswiyen iwakken ara tettwaḥrez tidet – asekkud iqedsen, i d-ittwaweklen i tmezgidatin s yemcegɛen. Aṭas ig-ṛuḥen uɣalen-d, wwin-d yidsen ttebcira yemxalafen d tin n yemcegɛen, ḍuṛren aṭas n tmezgidatin (Tit 1.6-11). Ataya ɣef wacu n taɣẓint ilaq timezgidatin meṛṛa ad-sɛun tamusni yagi yifen imrigen, ad-ilint am twacult tameqqṛant n teflest, iwakken ara issinent amek ara-d feḍḥet yir aselmed n weɛdaw. aɣawas=plan, asentel=sujet, tamaqqant=relation, imaṣlaḍen=membres, assusel= ordre, tiskiweṭ=structure, acku=parce que, asekkud iqedsen=sainte doctrine, imrigen=armes 27 Ɣeṛ issimlen yellan am tsura, txemmeḍ ɣef wayagi : Vern POYTHRESS, d yiwen uselmad ameqqṛan di Westminster Theological Seminary, isseǧhed assuɣel-agi n 1 Timuti 3.14-16 deg wadlis-is, The Church as a Family: Why Male Leadership in the Family Requires Male Leadership in the Home as Well. “Bulus nwala amek i d-yesban akken ilaq tamlilt tamenzawit ɣef usentel n twacult deg wazrug-agi n 1 Timuti 3.14,15: ‘Ɣuri assirem ur ttɛeṭṭileɣ ara a n-ṛuḥeɣ ad-rnuɣ ɣurek; uriɣ-akin ayagi akk iwakken ma ɛeṭṭleɣ, a ttisineḍ di tmeṛǧiwt, amek ilaq a ttili tikli-nneɣ di twacult n Yillu, ittusema di tmezgida n Yillu yedren. Timezgida yagi tella d ajgu alemmas i d-yesmektayen tidet, damkan i deg-i tbed tidet akken ilaq.’ Tiseddarin-agi sbanent-ed ayen akk ɣef i tress tebratt-agi. Tanfalit-agi ‘ayagi akk’ d ayen i d-ihedren ɣef wayen akk yellan di tebratt-agi di lekmala-ines. Akka ihi tebratt-agi di lekmala ines, iswi ines akken ara-d tefser amek ilaq a ttili tikli di twacult n Yillu. Awal-agi n twacult n Yillu d ayen i d-yessulin yiwet si tiktiyinagi yellan ɣer zdat: tikti n tassaɣt aked Yillu deg ‘waxxam’ naɣ deg ‘Afakan’ n Yillu naɣ ttikti n yiwet n twacult i ttwadeblen s Yillu s timad-is. Ɣur-neɣ dagi yiwen wamnaḍ ikenden aṭas ɣef tikti-nni, belli Illu yezdeɣ di tlemmast n wagdud-is, yellan d afakan-is (wali 1 At Kurant 3.10-17). Maca mbeɛd amnaḍ-agi n 1 Timuti, tameḍṛant d ussusel aked usefrek d ayen i dibanen akteṛ. Tabdelt n tmezgida ilaq-as a ttesmehreg ɣef tid-nni n yiwen waxxam naɣ yiwet tawacult. Nettraju seg imaṣladen n tmezgida ad-ilin s tidet wa ɣer wa akken llan d imaṣlaḍen di twaculin-nsen (1 Timuti 5.1-2). Ttwaɛeṛden iwakken ara ttemḥadaren way gar-asen, ad-bedden ɣer win ixuṣṣen di kra (1 Timuti 5.5,16). Iɛessasen ilaq ad-ilin d irgazen izewṛen i tebdelt n twacult n Yillu, d wid i d-ibegnen tebdelt-nsen amek xedmen di twaculin-nsen (1 Timuti 3.1-7).”3 Tirawt n tiktiyin akk ara-d ikuflen seg wayen i teɣṛam deg iwenniten-agi wezzilen aked ismilen yellan : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ issimlen=citations, tamlilt tamenzawit=role principal, asentel=sujet, azrug= passage, tikti pensée, tamaqqant=relation, afakan=temple, ittwabedlen= administrée, amnaḍ=contexte, tamedṛant=concept, assusel=ordre, asefrek=gestion, asmehreg=inspirer, imaṣlaḍen=membres 28 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Xemmet ɣef iselkamen Deg idles-agi i deg-i n ttidir, yal-wa yebɣa ad-yesbin anaɣib-is. Aṭas ass-a n tmezgidatin ig-felsen, belli d ayen isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant, iwakken ara ḍefṛen L’Inǧil n Yasuɛ. Maca ḥesben tikli ansa wwin timezgida-nsen, d ayen xtaṛen nutni. Ayagi i ttbin-ed di tazwara am wayen i deyqen yuɛṛen, iwakken ara yeḍfeṛ yiwen lewṣayat n Bulus, i d-yefka i tmezgidatin n lqeṛn amezwaru. Hedṛet ɣef tmessalt-agi deg agrawen, ur tettut ara akken ara-d bedrem tassaɣt yellan s gar tuṭṭfa deg tidet d wamek ara issefrek yiwen tudert di tmezgida. Asentel : Tikli di twacult n Yillu Xemmet ɣef tmessalin-agi yellan ɣer zdat uqbel a tebdum lehdur : 1. Ɣer wacu ixemmem Bulus mi-d iheddeṛ ɣef wamek ilaq a nḥader ɣef tikli-nneɣ di twacult n Yillu ? 2. Acuɣer lxilaf n timehliyin-agi ɣef tmezgida yellan am yiwet n twacult isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant ? 3. Yella usemlel yekkan s gar waḥraz n tidett aked ttimehliyin-agi? S gar waḥraz daɣen aked ttidet, aked ttnagit-nneɣ ɣef Yasuɛ? tirawt n tiktiyin=notez les idées, awennit=commentaire, issimlen=citations, selkamen=implications, idles=culture, anaɣib=style, tamaqqant=relation, asefrek=gérer, asentel=sujet, timehliyin=directives, asemlel=lien 29 Tirawt tiririyin-nwen timezwura n tmessalin uqbel a tebdum lehdur : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Hedret ɣef tmessalin-agi deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ. Tirawt n tisnezgimin-nwen n tagara m’ara tfakkem lehdur: _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 30 Snes imenzayen Tura atan yusa-d lawan i deg ara-d neṭqem ɣef wayen akk i tlemdem d wayen ɣef i thedṛem. Ḥizet akud i yawen ilaqen i tegzimt-agi. Uɣal ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura. Ssenfel yiwen wasnas i tudert-nwen. Dayen isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant iwakken ara yegzu yiwen, tameḍṛant yellan am tsarut n taggnit-agi, yerna ilaq a nekker fellaɣ akken ara nebdut akala ubeddel, n wamek n ttidir zdat tafat-agi n tamedṛant. Ayagi d ayen isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant iwakken ur nɣeffel ara ɣef wayagi, akken ara nermes s tidet-agi i tudert-nneɣ. Gzulet-ed ayen i tesnem tura ɣef tmezgida yellan am yiwet n twacult yuɣalen ttiwaculin – yiwen waxxam. Zzegzi tixutra yellan iwakken ara yeḍfeṛ yiwen timahliyin-agi ass-a. Rnut, tirawt kra ɣef tameḍṛant izemren a ttbeddel tudert i deg-i tellam t-ttidirem. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ snes imenzayen=appliquer les principes, stenfel=développez, asnas=application, gzu=comprendre, tamedṛant=concept, akala=processus, gzul=commenter, zzegzi= expliquez, timahliyin=directives 31 Iddir di tlemmast n yiwet n twacult n teflest Taggnitt 3 Di tallit-nni tamezwarut n tmezgida, sɛan kra n tira i wumi qqaṛen “Iḍrisen i twacult”. Hedṛen-d i sin ṣṣenfat n yegrawen: I twaculin n yal yiwen aked ttwaculin i ten-yesdukklen wessiɛen. Bulus di tebṛatin-is i d-iceggeɛ i tmezgidatin, isseqdec sin ṣsenfatagi n tira. Di tazwara a nebdut akken ara nmuqel ɣer iḍrisen i dihedṛen i twaculin. Dɣa di taggnit ara-d yernun ɣer zdat, an-sekyed kra n timahliyin, yellan d ayla n Bulus, i ceɣlen d waxxam n Yillu, i ttusemman ttimezgida di lekmala ines. Tirawtin i d-ihedṛen i twaculin n yal yiwen, sɛan-t iswi, iwakken ara-d fkent timahliyin sumata ɣef usentel n tudert n twacult, amek ilaq ad-sɛun tikli yelhan di twacult tameqqṛant i ten-yesduklen di tmezgida. Butrus aked Bulus sqedcen imnaḍen n idelsan-nsen, iwakken ara-d sbinen amek ilaq imaṣlaḍen n twaculin n tmasiḥit, a ttili tudert-nsen di tmezgida – yellan ttawacult n Yillu. Anaf tlata iḍrisen-agi i d-ihedṛen i twaculin n yal yiwen di tebṛatin-nni n lɛahed amaynut: deg Ifasus amedya 5.22 alama 6.9, At Kuluṣ 3.18 alama d 4.1, aked 1 Butṛus 3.1-7. Di taggnit-agi, an-sekyed azrugnni n tira iqedsen yellan di Ifasus. Aqlaɣ n ttidir deg yiwet n tallit tamessalt n zzwaǧ am akken tḥegger imdanen, atan nettwali di timetti-nneɣ amek ttbeɛziqent twaculin. Atan rran ayagi am akken yesɛa amkan deg idles-nsen. Ataya ɣef wacu yesɛa tixutra tameqqṛant, amedya n zzwaǧ-nneɣ aked lsas n tudert n twaculinnneɣ, ad-sɛunt asehru n wamek i yaɣ yumeṛ Yillu deg wawal-is, a nili wa d-yili zzwaǧ s tidet. iḍrisen=textes, sekyed=examiner, timahliyin=directives, iswi=but, sumata= général, asentel=sujet, imnaḍen=contexte, idelsan=culturel, imaṣlaḍen=membres, azrug=passage, tallit=époque, timetti=société, asehru=inspiration 32 Lmed tira iqedsen Ɣeṛ : Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9 Xemmem ɣef tmessalin-agi ara yilin ɣer zdat : 1. Tzemrem ad-ḥesbem acḥal yellan n tmasitin n yal amaṣlaḍ n twacult ? 2. Acu yebɣa ad-yini Bulus, mi-d yenna akken ilaq argaz adiḥemmel tameṭṭut-is akken iḥemmel Yasuɛ timezgida ? 3. D acu yebɣa ad-yini Bulus mi-d yenna akken ilaq tameṭṭut a ttḍuɛ argaz-is ? 4. D acu i danamek ɣer imawlan “ad-ssekren dderya-nsen” asnefken yiwet n “ttṛebga” aked yiwen “tikli” i yaɣ-d yefka Adunay Yasuɛ ? (asuɣel n tefransist isehlen) Gzul-ed aselmed alemmas n yezrugen-agi n tira iqedsen: Aru-t tigraytin-nwen am yiwet n tgemmunt n tseddarin, naɣ am yiwen uzenziɣ, naɣ yiwen umazrar n tirawt, naɣ am yiwet n tfelwit. Xtiṛ-et akken ara wen-yeshel wamek ara thedṛem ɣef wayen. Ur tettut ara ad-hedṛem ɣef lebɣi n Yillu i yal amaṣlaḍ n twacult. Dɣa arut-ed yiwen uwennit amecṭuḥ i s’ara-d gzul-eḍ lebɣi n Yillu i twacult. Aselmed imedra Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9 : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ amaṣlaḍ=membre, assuɣel=traduction, gzul=résumez, amenzawi=central, izrugen= passages, tigraytin=conclusions, azenziɣ=schéma, amazrar=série, tafelwit=tableau, awennit=commentaire, aselmed imedra=enseignement fondamentaux 33 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Sekyed iwenniten Iwenniten-agi yellan ɣer zdat iswi-nsen iwakken ara kun-ɛiwnen a tegzum akken ilaq ayen i teɣṛam di tira iqedsen yerna a tdemrem kra iman-nwen, iwakken ara-t xemmem i yiselkamen n uselmed-agi. Ɣeṛ awennit-agi amecṭuḥ n Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9, txemmeḍ ɣef wayen akk yellan deg-s : Am waken i d-nenna yakan di tazwart, llan tlata “iḍrisen ɣef twacult” di tebṛatin i d-ittwacegɛen i tmezgidatin, sin d ayen i dyura Bulus ma d wis tlata s ɣur Butṛus. Izrugen-agi n tira iqedsen llan am tsura araɣ yeɛɛiwnen akken ara negzu aɣawas n Yillu ɣef twacult. Ur ilaq ara a nettu belli ccɣul n Bulus iwakken ara iweḥḥi ad-yettwassen lebɣi n Yillu ɣef waxxam-is. Deg wazrug-agi n tira 34 iqedsen, Bulus iɛellem-ed yiwen uzarig n tikli ilaqen i twaculin. Ittusema d-izarigen-agi id-iskanayen abrid, dayen yellan daɣen di lebɣi n Yasuɛ, i twaculin yeṭṭfen amur di twacult-is tameqqṛant, yellan ttimezgida. Ihi yal timezgida ilaq-as a tteḍfeṛ lewṣayat-agi n Yillu. Lebni n wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen d ayen isehlen at-yegzu yiwen. Bulus am akken iheddeṛ srid i yal amaṣlaḍ n twacult: tameṭṭut, argaz, arraw-nsen, ibabaten, aklan, aked babit-nsen. Ihi tixutra n twacult d ayen i d-ittwaqedmen di lekmala ines, yerna ayagi yal yiwen seg wemkan-is. Bulus iheddeṛ-ed di tazwara ɣef tin yellan s ddaw unesdabu, dɣa yerna-d i win yesɛan tamasit n unesdabu-yagi! Tulawin ittefk fell-asent, akken ara ilint s ddaw unesdabu n yergazen-nsen. Tarwa ittefk fell-asen iwakken ara ttaɣen awal i yimawlan-nsen. Aklan ittefk ad-ilin s ddaw unesdabu n babit-nsen. Irgazen ittefk fell-asen ad-ḥemlen tulawin-nsen. I babaten ttwaɛerden iwakken ara ṛebbin arraw-nsen s taẓiḍert, ibabiten n waklan ad-sɛun lḥenna ɣursen. Azrug-agi n tira iqedsen nwala amek yeqsed srid tadukli n twacult. Udren-d ibabiten, d waklan, imi zik-nni llant twaculin yesɛan aklan iqedcen fell-asen, skanayen-asen ayen ilaqen ad-ittwaxdem. Yerna wigi sɛan amkannsen di twaculin. Ataya ɣef wacu ilaq ad-yettwanefk lewṣayat i lɣaci-yagi meṛṛa. imi tadukli tbeddu seg xxamen, di twaculin-nsen uqbel ad-yekcem ɣer twacult tameqqṛant n Yillu. Lewṣayat i d-yefka ɣef waklan d babit-nsen izmer ad-yefk yiwen anamek-nsent akken ilaq, deg idelsan anda yella wayagi ɣer wass-a. izrugen-agi n tira iqedsen llan-d dagi iwakken ara-d hedṛen s yiwet n talɣa tamaynut ɣef waklan. Llan wid yeqqaṛen belli ayen yuran deg wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen yezmer ad-ittwakemmel anagar deg idelsan-nni n tmezgida yellan si tazwara. Ihi ayagi atan yella d-agur. Walit akken ilaq timeḍṛaninagi. Tamezwarut, Bulus weklen-as-d ccɣul iwakken ara iruḥ adizzegzi amek tella tebdelt n Yasuɛ ɣef twaculin yellan d ayla n Yillu yerna ḥerzent tidett di ddunit. Daya i gexdem Bulus dagi – “Iqeɛɛed kullec” yal tawacult di teflest. Tis snat, Iswi n tebṛatt kamel n Ifasus, ilaq a stefkem amkan tuklal. Bulus isselmad i yimaṣlaḍen n tmezgida n Ifasus, amek ilaq a ttili tikli umasiḥi. Azrug-agi n tira iqedsen, yella deg-s umur ameqqṛan lewṣayat ɣef waya, imi ulac sekyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, iswi=but, gzu=comprendre, izrugen=passages, isnasen=implications, iḍrisen=textes, aɣawas=plan, srid=direct, amaṣlaḍ=membre, anesdabu=autorité, tamasit=responsabilité, taẓiḍert=patience, talɣa=forme 35 afraq di tutlayt tagrikit s gar Ifasus 5.21 akk ttseddaṛt tis 22. Llan wid i d-yekren nnan belli azrug-agi n tira iqedsen ur isselmad ara belli ilaq tulawin ad-ilint s ddaw unesdabu n yergazen-nsent, maca qqaṛen ilaq ad-ilin ɛedlen am wargaz am tmeṭṭut, ad-ttemqadaṛen. Di tama ayagi yella ttidet nettwaɛṛeḍ iwakken ara n ttemqadaṛ way gar-aneɣ, dayen i yaɣ-d isselmed Bulus ɣer tagara n tagzimt iɛeddan, di Ifasus 5.21. Ur ilaq ara nettu belli yal yiwen deg-neɣ i ttefk ad-ikemmel tamasit-is! Acuɣeṛ ? Ɣef umentil n Yasuɛ: Di tseddaṛt tis 21 inna-d: “Di taggadin n Yasuɛ”. Irgazen i ttefk fellasen ad-zwiren i twaculin-nsen, ad-ḥemlen tulawin-nsen. Tulawin ttwaɛerdent daɣen, iwakken ara ḍefrent irgazen-nsent, yerna atenttqadaṛent. Tarwa ilaq ad-ttaɣen awal i yimawlan-nsen, babaten ilaq ad-bedden ɣer tamasit-nsen akken ara ṛebbin arraw-nsen wa senslemden abrid ilaqen n ṛruḥ. Aklan ilaq ad-ilin s ddaw unesdabu n babit-nsen, i babit-nsen ilaq ad-sɛun leḥnana ɣef waklan-nsen. Ayagi meṛṛa ad-ittwaxdem “ɣef umentil n Yasuɛ”. Anefk i yiman-nneɣ tamessalt-agi yellan ɣef zdat: Acu n ṣṣwab yesɛa wazrug-ama di tirawtin ama di tebṛatin n Bulus ? Aɛni iheddeṛ-ed akka imi ur iḥemmel ara tulawin aked d imecṭuḥen? Aɛni yeǧǧa iman-is iwakken ara-t yeɣleb idles n lweqt-is, yerna imiren tulawin ur sɛint ara akk azal ? Azrug-agi n tira iqedsen d ayen ibanen: D Yasuɛ i d’amedya ikemlen ilaq a neḍfeṛ. Ayagi mačči s tiṭ n idles ara-t n muqel. Argaz ilaq ad-iḥemmel tameṭṭut-is akken i yaɣ iḥemmel Yasuɛ alami yefka tudert-is fell-aneɣ. Ilaq a ttiɛuz. Ilaq ad-ibedd akken ilaq ɣer ttrebga n warraw-is s taẓḍert. Acuɣeṛ llant lewṣayat-agi meṛṛa? Acku Yasuɛ yesɛa aɣawas ɣef wagdud-is. Aɣawas-agi yesɛa d lsas timezgida yellan ttawacult n twaculin. Amek ara telḥu Timezgida akken ilaq, m’ara illint twaculin meṛṛa yellan deg-s teddunt s tikli ilaqen. Di kra yellan Illu yesbed lameṛ, ma neḍfeṛ lameṛ-is, ad-yili kullec yelha ama di twaculin ama di tmezgida. M’ara i ttmuqul yiwen timetti n utrim acu yesɛan azal ɣures, ayen akk yellan d agi as-yili am akken d adrug, ɣef wacu ? Acku idles-nneɣ i ttqeddim-asen ttebcira ixulfen aṭas ayagi. Atan timetti teṭṭef abrid yezzin s waɛrur i lewṣayat n tṛebbaniyin. D acu i zemren ad-yennulfu seg wayagi ? Atan tiwaculin ttbeɛziqent, anesdabu i ttcerrig, atan n ssufuɣ-ed yiwen n lǧil imecṭuḥen ur nessin dacu yelhan, ur sɛin ṭṭbiɛa, ur thennan, atan uɣalen d ibeṛraniyen di twaculin-nsen, yal-wa ansa ijebbed, ur ssinen amek idelsan=culture, timeḍṛanin=concepts, zzegzi=expliquer, tebdelt=administration, imaṣlaḍen=membres, tagzimt=section, tamasit=responsabilité, amentil=cause, anesdabu=autorité, taẓḍeṛt=patience, aɣawas=plan 36 ilaq attili tawacult. Yeffeɣ-ed yiwen wadlis isɛan azal ameqqṛan ɣef usentel-agi n twaculin yebɛezqen bḍan-t, d adlis-nni n David BLANKENHORN, Fatherless America: Confronting our Most Urgent Social Problem. Akken-kan ara iṛuḥ ubabat ad-yeǧǧ tamasit-is n uɣella n twacult iḥemmel, atan dɣa ad-yebdu ifessex kra kra si twacult a ttruḥ tticeqqufin, a ttelḥeq ulama ttawacult tameqqṛant yedduklen. Ayen iḍerrun akka, am wayen yellan akken di Promise Keepers ur ufin d acu ara segmen deg-neɣ, ma yella neɣfel ur neḍfiṛ ara lewṣayat n Yasuɛ, i d-yefka ama i twaculin ama i tmezgidatin. Yasuɛ yesɛa yiwen uɣawas i tmezgida-s, yella deg uɣawas-agi lawṣayat ilaqen ad-ḍefṛen imaṣlaḍen n twacult yedduklen. Yettṛaju seg-neɣ iwakken ara neḍfeṛ lewṣayat-is. Yesɛa taɣẓint yelhan iwakken araɣ-d yefk lewṣayat-agi. Tirawt: Ihi deg uwennit-agi ɣef usentel n wazrug n Ifasus, a nɛeṭṭel anagar ɣef kra n lewṣayat i d-ihedṛen ɣef yergazen ttwaculin. Ad-nuɣal alama d azrug-agi deg sin idlisen n Amazrar 2 Asseǧhed n zzwaǧ : imenzayen imedra n zzwaǧ d usɛeddi n wayen isɛan azal : imenzayen imedra n tudert n twacult, a nwali dɣa ɣef liqṛib d acu i d anamek n imeslayen-agi, snil, ḥemmel, qadeṛ, a nwali daɣen timedṛatin-nneɣ ttassaɣtin n twaculin. Ɣeṛ issimlen yellan am tsura, txemmeḍ ɣef wayagi. Awennit-agi yellan ɣer zdat d ayen i d-ittwajebden deg wadlis ameqqṛan n Stephen B. CLARK, Man and Woman in Christ : An Examination of the Roles of Men and Women in Light of Scripture and the Social Sciences. D yiwen n ccɣul ameqqṛan n 800 tewṛiqin, iwala akken iwqem timedṛanin akk ɣef usentel n yaḍrisen n twacult, ama ttawacult n yal yiwen ama ttimezgida. Yerna amaskar, isbeggen-ed belli anadi akk yellan ɣur yemdanen, di tmusni-nsen d ayen i d-yesbanen akteṛ tamusni tameqqṛant n uɣawas n Yasuɛ i twacult aked ttmezgida. “Ifasus 5.22-33, azrug-agi ines yella am yiwet n tyuga d win n At Kuluṣ 3.18-19, ayagi d ayen iweṣfen yiwen n tegzimt n tebṛat i wumi nezmer as-nefk isem n ‘Angal n twacult’ (Haustafel). Izrugen-agi n Ifasus d at Kuluṣ yella deg-sen i snin yiwen umazrar n lewṣayat ɣef usentel n tulawin, yergazen, tarwa, timetti utrim=société occidentale, adrug=mystère, idles=culture, tiṛebbaniyin= divines, anesdabu=autorité, tamasit=responsabilité, aɣella=chef, aɣawas=plan, imaṣlaḍen=membres, taɣẓint=raison, awennit=commentaire, asentel=sujet, azrug=passage, amazrar=série, imenzayen imedra=principes fondamentaux, anamek=sens, snil=diriger, timedṛatin=concepts, tassaɣt=relation, ismilen=citations, amaskar=auteur 37 imawlan, aklan akk d babit-nsen. Lewṣayat-agi d ayen inezmer daɣen anwali di 1 Butṛus, yefka-d ula d netta lewṣayat am tigi. Ingalen n twaculin yellan di Ifasus akk di Kuluṣ, d win daɣen n 1 Butṛus, dduklen akk deg yiwen uselmed ameqqṛan, anda nezmer anaf daɣen tigezmin n tebṛatin-nni i d-ittwacegɛen i wid ittḍebbiṛen di tmezgida. Llan daɣen iḍrisen i d-yekkan s ɣur i babaten n tmezgida, i sselmaden i yimasiḥiyen amek ara qablen tassaɣtin yesɛan azal ameqqṛan ɣef usentel n lebɣi n Yillu. Ataya ayen sɛan d aɣbel isselmaden n tmezgida n lqeṛn amezwaru, fkan amkan i tassaɣtin sselmaden i yimasiḥiyen imaynuten. Sselmaden ɣef wamek ilaq ad-ilint kra n tassaɣtin s gar wargaz ttmeṭṭut, yellan d amur yeqnen ɣer uselmed ameqqṛan. I dittwanefken i yimasihiyen merra, ɣef tassaɣt n yal yiwen. D ayen inezmer anaf deg xilla imukan di lɛahed amaynut. Ingalen n twacult yellan di Ifasus akk di at Kuluṣ, ṭṭfen daɣen di tegziminnni ɣezzifen (yebdan si Ifasus 4.1 d At Kuluṣ 3.1 naɣ 2.8) nezmer as-nefk isem i wayagi: ‘Amek ilaq a nili di tafekka n Yasuɛ ?’ Deg Ifasus, tagzimt-agi ɣezzifen tebda s yiwet n lewṣaya amek ilaq ad-yidir yiwen di tdukli am yiwen umaṣlaḍ n tfekka. Yella waṭas ara yesɛu ad-yini yiwen ɣef usentel n tudert taqdimt d tudert tamaynut, ɣef tayri daɣen ilaqen a ttili way gar-aneɣ di Yasuɛ. Ad-bin di tudert-nneɣ leqdisa, s wamek ara-d yernu ‘wangal n twacult’. Uqbel azrug-agi n tira iqedsen, iban-ed ussusel di zzwaǧ, Bulus yefka-d lewṣayat-agi: ‘ma yella terfam, ur ɣellit ara deg ubekkaḍ, ad-irres wurrif-nwen uqbel ad-yeɣli yiṭij… Akk ttimeṛẓegt, assenǧeɛ, urrif, d leɛyaḍ, d rregmat: Qecɛet ayagi meṛṛa s garawen, akk d kra n wayen yellan d irrit… Illit d wid yelhan ad-yili wagzu way gar-awen, ad-yili ussuref wa ɣer wa am wakken i yaɣ issuref Yillu di Yasuɛ.’ Nezmer a nwali deg wayagi kk lewṣayat ɣef ussusel ttissaɣtin ilaqen, ad-ilint s gar wargaz ttmeṭṭut-is, aselmed daɣen ɣef usentel n tudert tamasiḥit sumata. Argaz ttmeṭṭut ttwaɛerḍen iwakken ara iddiren zzwaǧnsen akken yella lameṛ n Yillu, am wargaz am tmeṭṭut ilaq adrren di rrif timeṛẓegt, assenǧeɛ, urrif d lecɣal meṛṛa n ddiri, ilaq ad-ilin di kra yellan lhan wa ɣer wa. Ataya amek ‘angal n twacult’ n Ifasus (akk d win n At Kuluṣ) ur d-bdiren ara timedṛanin-agi irkul ɣef usentel n tisssaɣtin. Tagzimt-agi yella deg-s ṣṣenf-nni n lewṣayat i d-ihedṛen ɣef ussusel ilaqen ad-yili di tissaɣtin.”4 angal=code, izrugen=passages, amazrar=série, asentel=sujet, tiggezmin=section, iḍrisen=textes, tissaɣtin=relations, amaṣlaḍ=membre, assusel=ordre, timeṛẓegt= amertume, wagzu=compréhension, assuref=pardon, timeḍṛanin=concepts 38 Tirawt n tiktiyin akk ara-d ikuflen seg wayen i teɣṛam deg iwenniten-agi wezzilen aked ismilen yellan: _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Xemmet ɣef iselkamen Am waken i d-nenna yakan uqbel, idles yellan tura di utrim, d ayen i ttdemmiren seg amdanen, iwakken ara ḍeggṛen aselmed ɣef usentel n tamasit n wargaz ttmeṭṭut, imi ayagi d ayen yellan mgal wayen teḥseb timetti yesɛa azal. Aselmed-agi yezmer ad-ibin am wayen ara iḥersen yiwen iwakken ara yeqleb ayen yellan ɣures d imedra. Tin n ṣṣeḥ dagi, d tamessalt n unesdabu aked ttamasit. Maca ayagi d ayen ur d-nettbin ara dima imi timetti tkenned ɣef lḥeq d wayen yuḥwaj wamdan, dayen i txeddem timetti ur tefki ara lqima ilaqen i wunesdabu, yerna tekker tiktiyin=idées, awennit=commentaire, issimlen=citations 39 maḍi mgal yal ṣṣenf n unesdabu. Hedṛet ɣef wamek ilaq a ttesɛu tikli twacult s yaḍrisen-agi n tira iqedsen, amek ilaq a ttidir s lewṣayat-agi deg wamnaḍ n tayri, aked leqdeṛ way gar-aneɣ, aked ttassaɣt ara-d yegglun s leḥnana. Hedret daɣen ɣef umaṭṭaf yellan s gar tawacult yesɛan tabdelt yelhan akk d ussusel di twacult n twaculin, i ttusemman ttimezgida anda nella. Asentel: Iselkamen d lewṣayat i tdukli n twacult Xemmet ɣef tmessalin-agi yellan ɣer zdat uqbel a tebdum lehduṛ : 1. Acu yella ɣer ɣurwen, wayen yeqsed Yasuɛ mi-d yefka lewṣayat akka, ɣef usentel n tadukli n twacult ? 2. Acu n tassaɣt yellan s gar ussusel di tlemmast n twacult aked ussusel di tlemmast n twacult n twaculin, i ttusemman ttimezgida anda nella ? 3. Dacu ara yeḍṛun ma yella nuggi lemṣayat-agi n tira iqedsen, ma yella amedya neǧǧa yal-wa ad-yexdem ayen yebɣa-kan di twacult? 4. Acu ara yedṛun di tmezgida ma yella ur negzi ara tixutra n tudert n lewṣayat-agi n Yasuɛ, akken ara nḥemmel lɣiṛ-nneɣ ? Tirawt n tiriritin-nwen timezwura n tmessalin-agi uqbel a tebdum lehdur : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ iselkamen=implications, idles=culture, utrim=occident, asentel=sujet, tamasit= responsabilité, mgal=contre, timetti=société, imedra=fondamentale, anesdabu= autorité, amnaḍ=contexte, amaṭṭaf=lien, tabdelt=administrée, assusel=ordre, gzu=comprendre 40 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Hedret ɣef tmessalin-agi deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ Tirawt n tisnezgimin-nwen n tagara m’ara tfakkem lehdur: _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Snes imenzayen Ataya tura yusa-d lawan i deg ara-d neṭqem ɣef wayen i tlemden d wayen ɣef thedrem. Ḥizet lweqt ilaqen i tezgzemt-agi. Uɣal ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura. 41 Izmer ad-yili amedya belli talemmast n twacult anda idttwaṛebbam tegmam-d, ulac dinna lebɣi n Yasuɛ ɣef tudert n twacult amek ilaq a ttili. Yezmer daɣen ad-yili belli amuqel-nwen ɣef twacult amek ilaq a ttili ur teɛdil ara ttin n tira iqedsen. Ahat tuḥwajem iwakken ara tbedlem abrid i tmaqqant-nwen yellan s gar wargaz ttmeṭṭut, d ayen izemren daɣen akun-yawi wayen a ttwalim tawacult-nwen s tmuɣli nniḍen tamaynut ? Ssenfel yiwen wasnas i tudert-nwen. Di lewseɛ-agi i yawen i ttwaheggan, arut tktiyin i yawen-d ibanen, m’ara twalim amek tella tikli n twacult-nwen tura d wamek tella tikli n twacult di lebɣi n Yasuɛ. Gzul-ed amek tella tura tikli n twacult-nwen d wamek ilaq a ttili tikli n twacult di lebɣi n Yasuɛ. Arut daɣen tiktiyin n wayen akk ilaqen at-iseggem yiwen. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ snes imenzayen=appliquer les principes, tpegzimt=section, sneflet yiwen wasnas= développez une application, tiktiyin=idées, gzul=résumez 42 Iddir di tlemmast n twacult n twaculin Taggnitt 4 Nenna-d yakan di taggnitin iɛeddan belli llant kra n tira i dittwaqesden srid i twacult. Iḍrisen-agi ttwaferqen ɣef sin yegrawen: Wid i d-ittwanefken i twacult d wid i d-ittwanefken n twacult n twaculin, yedduklen di tmezgida. Di taggnit-agi iɛeddan, nehdeṛ-ed ɣef wid-nni i d-ittwanefken i twacult. Ma di tagzimt-agi a nerfed akud ilaqen ɣef iḍrisen-nni i d-ihedṛen ɣef twacult tameqqṛant yellan di timezgida. Tibṛatin n imeksawen n tmezgida (1 akk 2 Timuti, Tit) yella deg-sent umazrar n lewṣayat ɣef usentel n twacult-agi tameqqṛant i ttusemman ttimezgida – tawacult n twaculin. Iḍrisen-agi i d-ihedṛen i tmezgida am yiwet n twacult, sbanen-d ɣer tafat amek ilaq a ttili tuddsa n tassaɣtin, d ayen iqerben aṭas iḍrisen-nni n twacult. Iḍrisen-agi hedṛen mačči kan i tulawin d yergazen-nsent maca i yal ṣṣenf n imaṣlaḍen n twalut-agi tameqqṛant : Iqbuṛen d iqeddacen, d yemɣaṛen, ttemɣaṛin, ilemẓiyen, ttlemẓiyin, aked ttuǧǧal. Azrug i ten-yugaren akk si tama n imedra d win n Tit: at-nelmed di taggnit-agi. Lmed tira iqedsen Ɣeṛ : Tit 2.1-15 Xemmem ɣef tmessalin-agi ara yilin ɣer zdat: 1. Acu n lewṣayat i d-ittwanefken i yemɣaṛen ? I temɣaṛin? I tlemẓiyin ? D ilemẓiyen ? 2. Deg wacu i yaɣ-d sbanen lewṣayat-agi amek yebɣa Yillu a ttili tudert n tmezgidatin ? 3. Acu n usemlil i twalam yella s gar ṣṣenf n tikli-yagi aked ttnagit yelhan n tmezgida di ddunit ? srid=direct, iḍrisen=textes, amazrar=série, asentel=sujet, tuddsa=organisation, tassaɣt=relation, imaṣlaḍen=membres, iqbuṛen=anciens, azrug=passage, imedra=fondamentaux, asemlil=lien 43 Gzul-ed aselmed alemmas n yezrugen-agi n tira iqedsen: Aru-t tigraytin-nwen am tgemmunt n tseddarin, naɣ am yiwen uzenziɣ, naɣ yiwen umazrar n tirawt, naɣ am yiwet n tfelwit. Xtiṛet akken ara wen-yeshel wamek ara thedṛem ɣef wayen. Ur tettut ara iwakken ara-d tefkem awennit-nwen ɣef yal ṣṣenf n tassaɣt yellan di tlemmast n twacult-agi tameqqṛant. D acu i yaɣ-d sbanen-t tassaɣtin-agi, zdat wayen yebna Yasuɛ, i tudert n twacult-agi tameqqṛant, yellan ttimezgida-s ? Acu yellan s gar lebni yagi aked ttnagit n tmezgida imi-d yessawel Yasuɛ a ttawi tanagit i wid yellan beṛṛa ? Aselmed imedra n Tit 2.1-15 : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ gzul=résumez, amenzawi=central, izrugen=passages, azenziɣ=schéma, amazrar=série, tafelwit=tableau, tassaɣtin=relations, imedra=fondamentaux 44 tigraytin=conclusions, awennit=commentaire, Sekyed iwenniten Iwenniten-agi yellan ɣer zdat akken ara kun-ɛiwnen a tegzum akken ilaq izrugen n tira iqedsen, awen-ṭṭfen daɣen ifassen akken ara txemmem ɣef iselkamen n uselmed. Ɣeṛ awennit-agi amecṭuḥ n Tit 2.1-15 txemmeḍ ɣef wayen akk yellan deg-s : Azrug-agi n Tit 2.1-15 yella deg wul n tebṛat n Bulus i d-yura i yiwen uqeddac ameqqṛan ixeddmen yides, d Tit. Tabṛatt-agi tura s tawila n lweqt-nni - Iḍrisen n twacult – d ayen ittwaqesden i twacult akk yellan di tmezgida. Iban dagi amek i d-iheddeṛ i twaculin akk yedduklen di tmezgida. Di Tit 1.5, Bulus inna-d i Tit yeǧǧa di tigzirt n Kritus, akken ara “ikemmel wa-d iqeɛɛed assusel i mazal” di tmezgidatin. Iban deg wayagi belli assiwel ines iwakken ara ikemmel i ccɣul i mazal di tmezgidatin-agi. Walan belli tudert yellan di tmezgidatin-agi, ur yellli ara “ussusel” akken yella lebɣi n Yasuɛ. Bulus iweṣṣa ihi Tit iwakken ara yesbed imeqqṛanen di yal tmezgida. Ilaq ad-inadi irgazen ur nesɛin acema ulummu, wid izemren ad-bedden akken ilaq ɣer twaculin-nsen, yerna d wid yesnen lewṣayat n Yasuɛ, iwakken ara zemren ad-qablen wid ara-d yekren mgal, ad-bɣun ad-bedlen ayen suselmed nniḍen. Acuɣeṛ ? Acku ad-assen wid ara yerwin tiwaculin kamel s yir aselmed-nsen. Timezgida tuwaj imḍebṛen-nni yesnen amek ara bedden akken ilaq ɣer twaculin-nsen, am wakken yella uselmed-nni n ṣṣeḥ s wayes izemren ad-ɛiwnen wid yerwin s yir aselmed. Ataya ayen izemren aɣ-iɛiwen, akken ara negzu acuɣeṛ yesbed ayagi Yasuɛ i twacult. Irgazen ibedden akken iwqem ɣer twaculin-nsen, ttwaɛerḍen iwakken ara uɣalen d imaṣlaḍen n wagraw imeqqṛanen, ara i ttḥadaren tawacult tameqqṛant, timezgida. Ataya acu ara yefken ifadden akteṛ i tmezgida, akken ara teṭṭef dima deg wayen i yaɣ isselmed Yasuɛ. Dɣa Bulus yezzi tura ɣer imaṣlaḍen merra yellan di tmezgida, ihdeṛ-asen-d srid am waken yexdem yakan deg iḍrisen-nni ɣef usentel n twacult di Ifasus. Di Ifasus nwala amek i d-iheddeṛ i tulawin d yergazen, tarwa, i babaten d waklan akk d babit-nsen; ma yella d tura atan iheddeṛ-ed i yemɣaṛen, timɣaṛin, tilemẓiyin aked ilemẓiyen. Yebda azrug-agi n tira iqedsen, ad-ijbed lbal-nsen ɣef uselmed ines n “ṣṣeḥ” : Ittusema asekkud yeṣfan ilaqen ad-yekcem sekyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, iswi=but, gzu=comprendre, izrugen=passages, isnasen=implications, asentel=sujet, tawila=style, iḍrisen= textes, assusel=ordre, imaṣlaḍen=membres, srid=direct 45 kamel di tudert-nsen. Yettraju seg amɣaṛen iwakken ara-d sbinen temɣuṛ-nsen di ṭbiɛa aked tteflest-nsen. Timɣaṛin daɣen ilaq adbegnen-t amek ṭfent deg Yillu, yerna ad-ilint ttid iwejden akken ara ttqadaṛent anesdabu, ad-wexṛent ɣef uɛiwed n yir lehduṛ, adslemdent i tlemẓiyin amek ilaq a ttili tikli yelhan di twaculin-nsent aked di twacult tameqqṛant, timezgida. Ilemẓiyen akk d yemɣaṛen, ilaq ad-ilin qeɛden di kra yellan ama di ṭṭbiɛa ama di teflest-nsen, Bulus yerna belli ilaq ad-ttwaɛqalen ɣer lecɣal-nsen yelhan. D ayen i d-ittwasutren ulama i waklan amek ilaq a ttili tikli-nsen, di twacult-nsen tameqqṛant n teflest – ilaq-asen ad-ttqadaṛen aɣella n twacult imi ttwaweklen-as. Walit acḥal ttanqiṭ deg wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen, i d-ihedṛen ɣef wamek ilaq a ttili tikli-nneɣ di tmezgida. Irgazen ilaq ad-ilin ǧehden di teflest. Ayagi d ayen isɛan azal ameqqṛan imi d nutni imi tettwawekkel twacult-nsen, iwakken ara ḥadren amer ad-skecmen yir aselmed ɣer tmezgida ara iḍuṛren wiyyiḍ (Tit 1.10-11). Timɣaṛin ilaq ad-ḥadrent iwakken ur yettili ara di twacult urway – ara-d iṣeḍfeṛ uɛiwed n lehduṛ naɣ ma yella lebɛeḍ n teslit ur nufi ara lferḥ di tudert n twacult. Walit dagi, Bulus ur d-yenni ara mačči d ayen ilaqen i tmeṭṭut iwakken ara tesɛu leqdic beṛṛa i wexxam-is, maca tettwaɛṛeḍ maḍi, iwakken ara tkemmel tamasit-is imi d nettat i gellan d “Ul” n wexxam. Iswi amezwaru n lewṣayat-agi iwakken ara ḍemnent tudert yeṣfan i tmezgida, a ttili di talwit, yal taɣewsiwt seg wemkan-is. Tikti nniḍen izemren aɣtili d azarig ilaqen a neḍfeṛ, iwakken ara nesɛu tudert n lḥeqq d ṣwab. Ayagi ittusema ttudert i deg-i qeɛɛed kullec. Ayagi akk yella-d ɣef taɣzint n wayen i d-nebder yakan uqbel: iwakken ara nesɛu tudert iferḥen di tmezgida iqedsen, teǧhed di kra yella imi tṛeṣṣa ɣef uselmed n Yasuɛ. Maca ayagi ur i ttɣima ara dagi-kan. Mektit-ed acu tella tuɣḍaṭ-nneɣ, iwakken ara nṛuḥ a nner leǧnas meṛṛa d inelmaden. M’ara nili d inigan idumen di tmezgida, ittusema wayagi d yiwen umur yesɛan tixutra tameqqṛant n tuɣḍaṭ-nni. M’ara tili tudert-nneɣ ama di twacult ama di tmezgida d ayen iqeɛden yecbeḥ wamek i neṭṭef deg Yillu, ayagi d ayen izemren ad-yejbed wiyyiḍ ɣer L’Inǧil n Adunay Yasuɛ. Walit amek yettfakka lewṣayat-is Bulus: “Iwakken awal n Yillu ur yettwaḥqaṛ ara” (Tit 2.5) “…iwaken daɣen ixṣimen-nneɣ aten-iɣum uḥeccem” (Tit 2.8) “Iwakken aselmed n Yillu am sellek-nneɣ ad-yesɛu ccan” (Tit 2.10) asekkud=doctrine, anesdabu=autorité, aɣella=chef, azrug=passage, tamasit= responsabilité, iswi=but, taɣẓint=raison, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, tixutra=importance 46 Tikli d tudert-nneɣ nesɛa, di twacult yellan ttimezgida, d ayen izemren ad-yesken imedden amek yella L’Inǧil n Adunay Yasuɛ. Akka daɣen ɣef usentel n tudert nesɛa deg xxamen-nneɣ. Mačči d lehbala ayagi ? Amedya, m’ara nettmuqul ass-a acḥal d axxam yerwin, deg idles utrim. Ayagi d ayen araɣ-d yefken a nweɛɛi taggnit, iwakken ara nesɛu nekkni tanagit yelhan, iǧehden m’araɣd ttwalin at ddunit amek n ttidir. Ilaq-aɣ uwennit-agi aneggaru. Kra yeqqaṛen, umnen belli lewṣayat-agi akk mačči i nekkni ass-a imi-d ttwanefken-t. Beddet kra akken ara twalim acu yuran di Tit 2.15. Amek ara t-id yini yiwen akteṛ n wayagi ? Di tmezgidatin anda ittunefk i Tit “Adikemmel assusel i mazal ur yekfi ara”, ur yeǧǧi yiwen akken ara “yekreh” aselmed ines. Ilaq-as ad-yehdeṛ s unesdabu-nni ikemlen. Win ara ikerhen aselmed-agi ass-a, atan yekreh daɣen aselmed n Bulus, win ikerhen aselmed n Bulus yella wayagi am win ikerhen aɣawas n Yasuɛ ɣef twacult aked ttmezgida-s. Ɣeṛ issimlen yellan am tsura, txemmeḍ ɣef wayagi : Gene GETZ aṭas i tiḥesben am yiwen ubabat n umassu amaynut n tmezgidatin yellan tura di Marikan. Aṭas n yadlisen i d-yessufeɣ ɣef usentel n imenzayen n Lɛahed amaynut aked ttmezgidatin. Ccɣul n wayen akk i d-yura d ayen yellan s tidett d lsas iǧehden, yebnan ɣef tira iqedsen. Yefka-d yiwen ussuɣel ɣef tebṛatt n Tit deg wadlis-is imi qqaṛen Dimensions d’un Chrétien, Tite. (Aseggiw n umasiḥi, Tit) “Tikti talemmast n Bulus di tebṛatt-agi meṛṛa i d-yura i Tit, nezmer a nwali deg-s war assurdu belli yebɣa ad-yefk lewṣef n wamek ilaq a ttili tudert tamasiḥit, d wamek daɣen yella lebɣi n Yillu i twacult-is yellan ttimezgida. Aɣbel n Bulus iwakken ara-d ifḍeḥ tudert-nni icemten n yir ṭebbat n tira. Bulus yebɣa adyessakki imasiḥiyen n Kritus ur ɣeflen ara, ad-ḥadren imannsen fell-asen. Bulus aɣbel agi yella deg wul-is, mi wekkel Tit adyeqqim di Kritus, iwakken ara ‘iqeɛɛed assusel n wayen i mazal ur yekfi ara.’ (Tit 1.5). Ṭebbat-agi n tikerkas, qqaṛen belli ‘nessen Illu’, Bulus inna-d fell-asen : ‘Nekṛen Illu banen di lecɣal-nsen… ur zmiren adxedmen ayen yelhan’. (Tit 1.16) asentel=sujet, idles=culture, utrim=occidental, awennit=commentaire, assusel=ordre, anesdabu=autorité, aɣawas=plan, issimlat=citations, umassu= mouvement, imenzayen=principes, assuɣel=interprète, war assurdu=sans doute, ifḍeḥ=dénoncer 47 Tasudest i d-yufa Bulus iwakken ara yefru ayagi, ilaq ad-sbedden imeqqṛanen di Kritus, ara izemren ad-qablen yir tazrirt n wigi i d-yekren mgal tmezgida, ad-sɛun tudert iɛeǧben i Yillu. Ataya ɣef wacu Bulus ur iɛeṭṭel ara inna-d di lebda yakan n tebṛatt-is, isban-ed ayen akk ilaqen at-yesɛu n umarkid di tudert-is yal aɣella n ṛruḥ, ad-yettbin wayagi akk di tudert-is n yal ass. Ad-yili d amedya n wamek ilaq ad-yidir yiwen, yerna ad-yebnu wayagi akk ɣef usekkud iqedsen (ayen ɣef i yefles). Akka ihi ara yili ‘uselmed n ṣṣeḥ’ d ayen ara ten-yawin ɣer imasiḥiyen imaynuten, aten-ɛiwnen, akken ara issinen ula d nutni amek ara ḍegren ayen akk ara-d yekken s ɣur iselmaden n tikerkas. Tasudest tamezwarut n Bulus zdat wagur-agi mačči iwakken ara isselmed anagar ‘asekkud iqedsen’. maca amer akka, tili igebda si zzik, yerna tili i d-yesban yal taɣewsiwt akken ilaq ɣef ‘usekkud iqedsen’. Ad-yehdeṛ ɣef usekkud akken iwqem ɣer zdat deg ixef wis sin, Maca Bulus yessen d acu ixeddem. Yextaṛ iwakken ara-d yesbin tura ayen ilaqen ad-yeḍfeṛ asekkud iqedsen. Ayen i yaɣ-d iqedem dagi Bulus di tebṛat-is d ayen araɣ yeɛiwnen a nisin yiwen wazgal yellan mazal ɣer wass-a deg wagrawen imasiḥiyen. Aṭas seg-sen ig-felsen, yerna sselmaden ayen qqaṛen belli ‘asekkud iqedsen’ d ayen i ttawin amdan war leɛtab, iwakken ara yeqbel ad-yidir tudert iɛeǧben i Yillu. Amer ayagi d ayen yellan ttidet, tili Bulus ur iḥaz ara qṛib amur ameqqṛan n tebṛat-is, iwakken ara-d yehdeṛ ɣef wayen akk ilaqen ad-yeddu d usekkud iqedsen – amek ilaq ad-yidir umasiḥi, ama d imḍebṛen ama d imaṣlaḍen-kan n tfekka n Yasuɛ. Ayagi d ayen araɣ yawin srid ɣer umur wis sin n tebṛat n Bulus. ‘Ahdeṛ’, i d-yenna Bulus, ‘am wakken yella uselmed n ṣṣeḥ’ (2.1). Tura atan Bulus yezzi lball-is ɣer imeqqṛanen n tmezgida, iwakken ara imuqel imaṣlaḍen meṛṛa n tfekka n Yasuɛ. Ibanas-d wayagi i Bulus am wayen yesɛan azal ameqqṛan, iwakken ara yecɣul d imaṣlaḍen akk iweṣfen timezgida. Nwala Bulus amek yefka lewṣayat i Tit ɣef usentel n wayen ilaq ad-yini i yemɣaṛen, ttemɣaṛin, tilemẓiyin, d ilemẓiyen aked waklan. Inna-d akken iwqem ayen ttṛajun seg-sen ɣef usentel n tassaɣt-nsen d unesdabu d waddud-nsen di ddunit zdat wid ur neflis ara.”5 tasudest=stratégie, tazrirt=influence, amarkid=qualité, aɣella=chef, amedya= exemple, aekkud iqedsen=sainte doctrine, azgal=erreur, imaṣlaḍen=membres, srid=direct, asentel=sujet, tamaqqant=relation, anesdabu=autorité 48 Tirawt n tiktiyin akk ara-d ikuflen seg wayen i teɣṛam deg iwenniten-agi wezzilen aked ismilen yellan: _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Xemmet ɣef iselkamen Lewṣayat n Yasuɛ d ayen ibanen am tafat. Issekcam-aɣ ɣer twacult-is, i ttwakkil-aɣ tamasit n uɣawas ines. Assagi wid isnubugen s L’Inǧil ɣeflen iwakken ara ḥerzen akken ilaq, lewṣayat ɣef usentel n wamek ilaq a ttili tudert-nneɣ. I ttbin-ed wayen, am akken yal-wa izmer ad-yextiṛ ad-yeḍfeṛ aɣawas ines. Maca lebɣi n Yasuɛ ɣef tmezgida, yebna s yiwen uḥader ameqqṛan d ayen ibanen. Ayagi yesɛa asemlil iqeṛben tuɣḍaṭ-is meṛṛa. Xemmet ɣef lball n Yasuɛ yesɛa ɣef tmezgida, ɣef twaculin yellan deg-s, ayagi meṛṛa d ayen yesɛan tassaɣt aked ttuɣḍaṭ i wekkel i tmezgida-s. Asentel : Iselkamen n lewṣayat i d-ittwanefken i twacult n Yillu Xemmet ɣef tmessalin-agi yellan ɣer zdat uqbel a tebdum lehdur : 1. Ɣur-wen, acu-ɣer Illu yextaṛ iwakken ara tili, tikli n twacult-is akka ? 49 2. Amek ara tawweḍ twacult, timezgida a ttezmer a ttefk ifadden i twaculin ad-sɛunt tikli n ṛruḥ ? 3. Acu n tassaɣt yellan s gar timezgida “i deg-i sbedden assusel” d liḥala n twaculin yellan di tmezgida ? 4. Acu n usemlel yellan s gar lewṣayat i d-ittwanefken i twacult aked ttuɣḍaṭ n tmezgida ? Acu n wallal ara yerren L’Inǧil n Yillu d ayen ara-d ijebden wiyyiḍ ɣures ? Tirawt tiririyin-nwen timezwura n tmessalin uqbel a tebdum lehdur : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ tiktiyin=idées, awennit=commentaire, issimlen=citations, iselkamen=implications, tamasit=responsabilité, aɣawas=plan, asnubeg=accepter, assemlil=lien, tuɣḍaṭ= mission, assusel=ordre, allal=moyen 50 Hedṛet ɣef tmessalin-agi deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ. Tirawt n tisnezgimin-nwen n tagara m’ara tfakkem lehdur: _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Snes imenzayen Ataya tura yusa-d lawan i deg- ara-d neṭqem ɣef wayen tlemdem d wayen thedṛem. Ḥizzet akud ilaqen i tegzimtagi. Uɣal ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura. Tamedṛant tamezwarut n tudert di twacult tameqqṛant n teflest, am wakken yella lebɣi n Yillu, ilaq ad-inadi yal yiwen akken ara yisin amkan-is aked ttamasit-is di tfekka n Yasuɛ, ataya wayen ara yawin yiwen ad-yeggmu. Ssenfel yiwen wasnas i tudert-nwen. Di lewseɛ-agi i yawen ittwaheggan, arut ixemmimen-nwen i yawen-d yulin, ɣef usentel n wemkan-nwen, d wayen txedmem tura di tlemmast n twacult tameqqṛant n teflest. Tirawt n wayen ilaq adyili yezwar ɣur-wen tura, imi tellam d imaṣlaḍen n twacult n Yasuɛ. snes imenzayen=appliquer les principes, tamedṛant=concept, tamasit= responsabilité, stenfel=développez, asnas=application, assentel=sujet, amaṣlaḍ=membre 51 Amkan-nwen i tesɛam tura di tlemmast n twacult tameqqṛant n teflest d wayen ilaqen ad-yili tura yezwar ɣurwen imi tellam d imaṣlaḍen n twacult n Yasuɛ : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 52 Sbed ayen yezwaren di tudert Taggnitt 5 Tura deg mi nezṛa d acu tella tuɣḍaṭ n Yasuɛ, d wamek i ttkemmil ccɣul-is di twacult aked tmezgida. Nezmer ihi tura a nesbed ayen yezwaren. Di tama imdanen akk sumata, nesɛa meṛṛa ayen yellan yezwar. Ittefk fell-aneɣ, iwakken ara nqeɛɛed tudertnneɣ, a nwali tamessalt-agi n wayen yezwaren ansa nebɣu nekk. Ma yella nebɣa a nilli s tidett d inelmaden n Yasuɛ, ilaq a nesseɛdel tudert-nneɣ ɣer tin n Yasuɛ, ɣer tuɣḍaṭ-is aked uɣawas ines. Ilaq a neḥrez lewṣayat-is di tudert-nneɣ, di twaculin-nneɣ, di tmezgidanneɣ. Anelmed amek ara nidir tudert-nneɣ s tusna. Ilaq a nidir, wa neḥṣu s lebɣi ines kamel di tudert-nneɣ. Yiwen umur ameqqṛan n lebɣi-s, d ayen i yaɣ-d ittwaweḥḥan di tuɣḍaṭ-is aked deg uɣawas-is ɣef tmezgida-s. Ddan-d deg wayagi Iḍrisen-nni n twacult. Di taggnitagi, a nelmed Ifasus 5.15-21, d yiwen wazrug n tira iqedsen, i yaɣ icqaṛwen, akken ara nidir s tusna aɣawas n Yasuɛ. Lmed tira iqedsen Ɣeṛ : Ifasus 5.15-21 Xemmem ɣef tmessalin-agi yilin ɣer zdat: 1. Deg wamnaḍ-is, d acu yebɣa ad-yini Bulus “Teddut am yergazen isɛan leɛqel” ? Danegzu yaɛni ɣef wayen ittraju deg-neɣ Adunay ? Acuɣeṛ ? 2. Acu n tassaɣt tettwalim yella s gar “ad-yeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ n Yillu”, “ad-isbeggen yiwen tusna deg-s” aked “wagzu n lebɣi n Adunay” ? 3. Deg wacu i yellan ɛedlen sin imeslayen-agi “Teddut am yergazen isɛan leɛqel” aked “ad-yeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ” ? 4. Acu usemlil yellan s gar “ad-isbeggen yiwen tusna deg-s” “adyeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ” aked “ad-yeḍfeṛ yiwen lewṣayat n twaculin” i yaɣ-d yeǧǧa Yasuɛ di Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9 ? Gzul-ed aselmed alemmas n yezrugen-agi n tira iqedsen : Aru-t tigraytin-nwen am tgemmunt n tseddarin, naɣ am yiwen uzenziɣ, naɣ am yiwen n umazrar n tirawt, naɣ am yiwet n tfelwit. 53 Xtiṛ-et akken ara wen-yeshel wamek ara thedṛem ɣef wayen. Init-ed kra n wawal ɣef usemlil yellan s gar “ad-isbeggen yiwen tusna degs”, “ad-yeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ”, aked “ad-yerr yiwen tudert-is s gar ifassen n lewṣayat n Yasuɛ” i twacult n yal yiwen aked ttwacult tameqqṛant n Yillu yellan ttimezgida. Aselmed imedra n Ifasus 5.15-21 : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ amnaḍ=contexte, anegzu=comprendre, tassaɣt=relation, asemlil=lien, tusna= sagesse, gzul=résumez, izrugen=passages, tigraytin=conclusions, azenziɣ=schéma, amazrar=série, tafelwit=tableau 54 Sekyed iwenniten Iwenniten-agi yellan ɣer zdat, akken ara kun-ɛiwnen a tegzum akken ilaq izrugen n tira iqedsen, awen-ṭṭfen daɣen ifassen akken ara txemmem ɣef iselkamen n uselmed. Ɣeṛ awennit-agi amecṭuḥ n Ifasus 5.15-21 txemmeḍ ɣef wayen akk yellan deg-s : Azrug-agi n tira iqedsen yella d imedra, maca aṭas n tenqiḍin deg-s ur nettwasuɣel ara akken ilaq. Ur ilaq ara a neɣfel ɣef wamnaḍ. Azrug-agi n tira iqedsen yellan uqbel win n “waḍriss n twacult”, ittwalemden di taggnit tis tlata, Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9. Lameṛ amezwaru n wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen, iwakken ara n teddu s tusna, anamek n wayagi ad-iteddu yiwen s tigzi. Ilaq a nesseqdec akud-nneɣ akken iwqem, a nili newjed dima akken ara neqdec ɣef Adunay. Beṛra i tmezgida, tettbin-ed tudert amek yezga deg-s cceṛ, d wamek daɣen iḍefṛen yemdanen iswiyen ur nelli ara di lebɣi n Yasuɛ, d iswiyen ur nesɛi azal. Ɣurneɣ axtiṛi: a neččaṛ tudert-nneɣ d-iswiyen aked i teḍfeṛ ddunit - ssekṛan aked ccɣul aquṛan, (5.11) naɣ icemten (5.12) d ayen ittawin ɣer terwayt. Naɣ aneǧǧ iman-nneɣ akken araɣ yeččaṛ Ṛruḥ Uqdis. Akken, am wayen yellan deg wamnaḍ-agi, ad-yeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ Uqdis, anamek n wayagi ilaq a neldi tudert-nneɣ, iwakken ara teččaṛ d Illu, d ayen araɣ yawin akken ara nettkemmil lebɣi ines. Nezmer tura a negzu acuɣeṛ i d-yenna Bulus: “ttemɛawanet way garawen s ccnat n Ihellilen, ccnat n leḥmadi i d-yefka Ṛruḥ Uqdis, ḥemdet Adunay s wulawen-nwen kamel, s ccnat aked Ihellilen…” Tafelwitagi d ayen i d-iqedmen kra tudert n tmezgida, tawacult n yal yiwen aked ttwacult n twaculin. Tesɛa talkint ɣef umentil n imeslayen-agi “wa ɣer wa” aked wazrug-nni i d-yernan imiren yakan, i d-ihedṛen ɣef twacult. Yella yiwen wazrug nniḍen iɛedlen d win n At Kuluṣ 3.16, ad-yeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ yella ttayuga aked : “anfet i wawal n Yasuɛ, s lekmala ines ɛzizen, ad-idum deg-neɣ…” (tasuɣelt n tefṛansist tasehlant). Taččaṛt s tɣewsiwin n Ṛruḥ, am akken ma tenniḍ-ed sɣiwes tudert-ik akken ara teɛdel ttin n Yasuɛ d lebɣi ines, a neččaṛ d awal-is mačči ttaččaṛt-nni n ccṛab d wayen aked yellan d iɣeblan n ddunit. sekyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, gzu=comprendre, izrugen=passages, iselkamen=implications, imedra=fondamental, assuɣel=interprétation, amnaḍ= contexte, aḍris=texte, tusna=sagesse, tigzi=intelligence, iswi=but, tafelwit=tableau, talkint=certitude, umentil=cause, tasuɣelt=traduction, sɣiwes=planifier 55 Tasarut n wazrug-agi, iwakken ara tili tikli-nwen s tusna, yerna lweqt-nwen at-sseqdacem akken iwqem. Ayagi d ayen ara kunyawin, iwakken ara-t zzewrem Yasuɛ aked d uɣawas ines. Am waken i d-nenna yakan deg azrugen nniḍen i nelmed di tebṛat n At Ifasus, iɣes yella d ul n uɣawas, ttimezgida. “Iḍrisen ɣef twacult” llan d akatar i deg ara nebnu tudert-nneɣ, am waken tella tin n Yasuɛ. D ayagi araɣ yawin, iwakken ara yuɣal iswi ines d iswi-nneɣ (Ifasus 3.8-10), tuɣḍaṭ-is a ttuɣal ttuɣḍaṭ-nneɣ (Maṭṭa 28.19,20), ayen yezwaren ɣur Yasuɛ ad-yuɣal d ayen yezwaren ɣur-neɣ (Tit 2). Imi nettwaɛṛeḍ iwakken ara nesɛu tikli n tusna wa nesseqdec akud-nneɣ akken yelha, ilaq a nesɣiwes ussan-nneɣ, a nḥader ɣef yiman-nneɣ amer an-ttidir ussan-nneɣ am at n ddunit. Ɣeṛ issimlen yellan am tsura, txemmeḍ ɣef wayagi : Aqlaɣ nessaweḍ-ed ɣer yiwet n temnaṭ anda ilaq a nwali ɣef liqṛib acu yellan ttaɣẓint-nneɣ, uqbel a nezzi ɣer wayen yellan yezwar ɣurneɣ. Ɛiwdet-as taɣuṛi i wussimel n Michael GRIFFITHS di taggnit tamezwarut, uqbel a tteɣṛem ayen yellan ɣer zdat: “Ayen i nebɣa a ti-d nini dagi, s tidet, mačči d yen-kan ilaqen i yimeɣḍaḍen naɣ i wid ixedmen ɣef l’Inǧil yal ass. Maca yal tamasiḥit naɣ amasiḥi, ma yella i sekfiwel iman-is di teflest, yesɛa tamasit, akken ara yexdem, wa-d yeqdec d axel n twacultagi tameqqṛant n imasiḥiyen. Yal yiwen ilaq ad-ibedd ɣer ccɣul-is akken ara iwali timezgida tettnerni, tgemmu di lecɣal-is ubeccer n l’Inǧil. Ur ilaq ara a nesgiwen s yiwet-kan tmezgida, anda ur drennun ara imaṣlaḍen nniḍen imaynuten; ilaq iwakken ara nettnadi dima akken ara-d nrennu imaynuten i tmezgida, wa nxemmem amek ara nesɛu yessis n tmezgida-nneɣ (yeɛni adnnulfunt tmezgida nniḍen)... Acu n temnaṭ i teṭṭef di tudert-nwen ass-agi, tmezgida anda tellam ? Abeddel n tejmeɛt ara iweṣfen timezgida iṣeḥḥan yerna tettfeǧǧiǧ d ayen ara yilin d ccɣul ɣef i tzemrem a ttesɛeddim ayen akk i yawen-d iqimen n wussan n tudert ?” 6 Assimel yellan ɣer zdat n Francis SCHAEFFER. Yefka-yaɣ-d dagi kra ixemmimen iseɣzen ɣef lqima ilaq a ttesɛu tudert-nneɣ di tmezgida anda nella, di lebda yagi n lqeṛn wis 21. azrug=passage, tusna=sagesse, aɣawas=plan, iḍrisen=textes, akatar=charpente, iswi=but, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, issimlen=citations, taɣẓint=raison, imeɣḍaḍen= missionnaires, asekfiwel=engager, tamasit=responsabilité, asgiwen=satisfaire, imaṣlaḍen=membres, assimel=citations 56 “Aru ayagi : nezmer a nwali llan imasiḥiyen, issemdanen war ma sɛan timezgida ; maca ulamek tella tmezgida war ma llan imasiḥiyen isemdanen. Di tama nniḍen, nekkni s wat L’Inǧil, am yergazen am tulawin yesɛan teflest iṣeḥḥan, negza assar n yal amdan, iwakken ara-d yass ɣur Yillu. Nettnadi iwakken ara neɛɛiwen, ad-afen s tawant ayen uḥwajen. Maca tiswiɛin nettmil, iwakken ara nuɣal ɣer lxudma-nni n yal yiwen iman-is. Nettuɣal alama d leqdic-nni iman-nneɣ, mačči d aɛiwen ara neɛɛiwen tudert n tmezgida. Ur ilaq ara a nezzer alama d lqaɛ n tikti yagi yal-wa iman-is. M’ara nuɣal d imasiḥiyen, ilaq a nesɛu tudert di twacult tameqqṛant, yellan ttimezgida. Am waken i ti-d nniɣ yakan uqbel: akken ilaq a nesɛu tadukli n ṣṣeḥ iglaq daɣen a nesɛu asekkud n ṣṣeḥ. Llant s tidet, aṭas n ṣṣenfat n tmezgidatin imasiḥiyen – timezgida anda nella, timedra n uselmed n tira iqedsen, iɣerbazen imasiḥiyen, tuddsa n imeɣḍaḍen. Wigi meṛṛa llan naɣ ilaq ad-ilin ttimezgidatin n tmasiḥit, ulama xas akken ur ɛdilent ara ttmezgida i deg-i llant akk twaculin. Acu-kan, ur ɛdilent ara meṛṛa: anagar timezgida n twaculin, wama tiyyiḍ akk llant iwakken ara-d mlilen yemdanen, ad-mbeddalen ɣef wayen uḥwajen. Di Lɛahed amaynut, timezgida tesɛa yiwen lebni yesbed Yillu s timad-is i tallit i deg i nella akka n ttidir, akka ara tili alama d asmi ara-d yuɣal Yasuɛ.”7 Assimel-agi aneggaru n Howard SYNDER, d Yiwen wanǧili n tmezgida n unarray, yura-d aṭas n yadlisen ɣef usentel n uɛiwen n tmezgida ilaqen a ttebnu ɣef imenzayen n Lɛahed amaynut. “Amnaḍ yelhan i teggmi n tudert n ṛruḥ, ttimezgida anda tella tayri. Llant tidettat n ṛruḥ ur ssawaḍeɣ ara akken ara tent agzuɣ aked kra uḥettem ur ṣsawaḍeɣ ara ad-ččaṛeɣ di tudert-iw umasiḥi, war ma lldiɣ ul-iw i yimasiḥiyen n tmezgidatin nniḍen; ayagi yella d aɣawas n Yillu. Ṛruḥ Uqdis ittak-aɣ-d ayen akk nuḥwaj, maca nwala amek isseqdac deg-neɣ akken ara nbedd, wa ɣer wa. Ɣef wayagi i d-iheddeṛ Bulus mi-d yenna akken “a nettimɣuṛ di kra yellan ɣur win yellan d aqerruy: Yasuɛ. Deg-s i d-jebbed tfekka kamel, ayen i yas ilaqen akken ara teggmu a ttiǧhid di tayri, di tdukli ines tameqqṛant i d-jebbed seg wadif n yeɣsan-is tesɛa, iwakken ara teḍmen ccɣul ara tebzer i yal amur isemdanen=individuels, negza assar=nous comprenons le besoin, asekkud= doctrine, timedra=séminaires, iɣerbazen=écoles, tuddsa=organisations, imeɣḍaḍen=missionnaires, tallit=époque, assimel=citation, unarray=méthodiste, asentel=sujet, imenzayen=principes, amnaḍ=contexte, gzu=comprendre, aɣawas=plan, tanezzarirt=interaction, taɣeḍweft=intérêt 57 n tfekka-s” (Ifasus 4.15-16). Tanezzarirt-agi yellan s gar waṭas imuren n tfekka, ttudert n tfekka. Karl BARTH inna-d akken iwqem belli mi-d iheddeṛ Lɛahed amaynut ɣef tɣeḍweft, d ayen iɛnan dima “ttaɣedweft n tmezgida. Ulamek ara sɛuɣ taɣeḍweft ma yella ur nudaɣ ara uqbel taɣeḍweft n tmezgida”.8 Tirawt n tiktiyin akk ara-d ikuflen seg wayen i teɣṛam deg iwenniten-agi wezzilen aked ismilen yellan: _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Xemmet ɣef iselkamen Am yiwen umaṣlad n twacult n twaculin, tesɛa iswi tudert-nneɣ, d waṭas n tamasitin yellan am tyuga d yiswi yagi. Ataya ɣef wacu i yaɣ ilaq a nidir am iɛeqliyen, yerna ilaq a nesɛedday akud-nneɣ deg wayen iṣelḥen s tigzi. Tura ulamek ara nidir am at n ddunit, maca ilaq ad-nejmeɛ tagerrawt-nneɣ ɣer wayen-kan yellan d iswi-nneɣ, d wayen yellan yezwar. Iban deg wayagi d ayen i ttezzin ɣer yiswi aked wayen yezwaren n Yasuɛ. Xemmet acu n yiswi i tḍefṛem di tudert, d wayen daɣen yellan yezwar yellan d lsas, zdat tafat uɣawas kamel n Yasuɛ i tmezgida-s. 58 Asentel : Sbeddet ayen yezwaren i tudert-nwen : Xemmet ɣef tmessalin-agi yellan ɣer zdat uqbel a tebdum lehdur : 1. Zdat tafat uɣawas n Yasuɛ i tmezgida-s, acu ilaqen tura ad-yili d iswi n tudert-nwen ? 2. Amek yella uɣawas n Yasuɛ i tmezgida-s, am waken i d-iban deg iḍrisen-agi ɣef twacult, d ayen i kun-idemren kra iwakken ara tqeɛdem ayen ilaqen ad-yezwir di tudert-nwen ? 3. Zdat tafat ihi n wayen ilaqen ad-yezwir, d acu i d-anamek n “Sɛeddayet akud-nwen deg wayen yelhan” ? Tirawt tiririyin-nwen timezwura n tmessalin uqbel a tebdum lehduṛ : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ tiktiyin=idées, awennit=commentaire, issmilen=citations, iselkamen=implications, amaṣlaḍ=membre, iswi=but, aɣawas=plan, asentel=thème, iḍrisen=textes 59 Hedret ɣef tmessalin-agi deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ. Tirawt n tisnezgimin-nwen n tagara m’ara tfakkem lehdur : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Snes imenzayen Ataya tura yusa-d lawan i deg- ara-d neṭqem ɣef wayen tlemdem d wayen thedṛem. Ḥizzet akud ilaqen i tegzimt-agi. Uɣal ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura. Ad-yesɛeddi yiwen akud-is akken yelha, ittefk ihi, iwakken di tazwara, ad-yesbedd yiwen iswi ibanen di tudert-is, d wayen daɣen yezwaren yellan deg wabrid-nni n yiswi, war ma yettu aɣawas kamel n Yasuɛ i tmezgida-s, i nekkni daɣen yellan d imaṣlaḍen n waxxam-is yellan ttimezgida. Ssenfel yiwen wasnas i tudert-nwen. Di lewseɛ-agi i yawen i ttwaḥazen, arut-ed yiwen wagzul ɣef uɣawas n Yasuɛ i tallit-agi i degi nella, sḍefret-ed iswi ara-t ḍefrem i tudert-nwen zdat tafat n lebɣi n Yasuɛ. Dɣa, sbeddet yiwen umuɣ n wayen ilaqen ad-yili d amezwaru di tudert-nwen, bnut ayagi ɣef iḍrisen-nni n twacult i tlemdem di taggnit tis tlata aked ttis ṛebɛa. 60 Gzul-ed aɣawas n Yasuɛ i tallit-agi-nneɣ, arut-ed ɣef usentel n yiswi-nwen di tudert, ternum yiwen umuɣ n wayen yellan yezwar ɣur-wen : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Snes imenzayen=appliquer les principes, aɣawas=plan, iswi=but, imaṣlaḍen= membres, sneflet=développez, asnas=application, gzul=résumez, tallit=époque, amuɣ=liste, iḍrisen=textes, asentel=sujet 61 Aɛiwed n wamsal i tudert-nneɣ Taggnitt 6 Tura aqlaɣ neṣṣaweḍ iwakken ara negzu anamek n tmezgida, yellan d ul n uɣawas n Yasuɛ. Adunay Yasuɛ yebna kullec i tmezgida-s : timezgida tella d yiwet n tawacult n twaculin. Tesɛa aṭas n lewṣayat ɣef twacult, d ayen i d-iheddeṛ ama i twacult yellan ttimezgida ama i twaculin n yal yiwen. Ihi tura a nawi tudert-nneɣ deg wabrid n uɣawas n Yasuɛ. Tura ihi atan yusa-d lawan i deg ara nebdu a nexdem asemlil n wayen akk, wa nesnes ayen i nwala meṛṛa. Ad-nessegrew isnasen meṛṛa nura di xemsa n taggnitin iɛeddan. A nerfed tura akud akken ara nxemmem ɣef wayen, atan xas ma yella nettwali tazla n timetti i deg-i nella. A neɛṛed iwakken ara nessekcem ɣer tudertnneɣ tidet-agi meṛṛa. A sent-nefk amkan ameqqṛan iwakken ara ɛiwden-t amsal i tudert-nneɣ, ad-skuflent deg-neɣ abeddel yettbinen. Sekfiwelet ul-nwen Tasnezgimt, sɛun aɣmis anawrik, aked tẓallit Aɣmis n yal yiwen d ayen araɣ yeɛiwnen akken ara nxemmem ɣef wayen aked n lemmed. D yiwet n lɛada yelhan ilaq a ttyesɛu yal yiwen deg-neɣ, ilaq a neḥṛes iman-nneɣ imi mačči d ayen isehlen dima. Maca d ayen araɣ yawin iwakken ara naru imeslayen i nwala xelfen gemmun deg wulawen-nneɣ. Ayagi daɣen d ayen araɣ yeɛiwnen akken ara neɛqel ɣer tafat ayen isseqdac Ṛruḥ Uqdis, deg wawal n Yillu, iwakken ara tfeǧǧeǧ tafat-is fell-aneɣ, imi i yas nerra ih i wawal-is. Taẓallit ilaq a ttesɛu amkan-is di tudert-nneɣ. A nessutur di tẓallit i Yillu, iwakken araɣ ibeddel s ubeddel-nni ara yezgen dima deg wul-nneɣ. D ayen ara yesxelfen, waɣ yawi a negmu, wa nimɣuṛ di teflest. gzu=comprendre, anamek=sens, aɣawas=plan, asemlil=synthèse, snes=appliquer, isnasen=applications, timetti=société, sekfiwel=engager, tasnezgimt=réflexion, aɣmis=journal 62 Di tegzimt-agi, ɛiwdet axemmem ɣef wayen akk i txedmem di xemsa n taggnitin iɛeddan. D acu i d-yedṛan di tudert-nwen mi tlemdem yal taggnit? Arut ixemmimen-nwen, txemmem ɣef wayen akk i turam. Acu i d-yernan d amaynut, iwakken ara isseǧhed taflest-nwen ? Acu ubeddel i twalam ibeddel-it Yillu di tudert-nwen ? Llan-t mazal kra n tanqiḍin i tebɣan ad-ttwabedlent mazal ? D acu i kun-iḥuzen akteṛ deg wayagi akk ? Acu i d-ternam n lquḍ iwakken ara tegmum ? D acu i yawen-d yewwin lferḥ akteṛ ? Deg wacu i tbeddel tura tfelsifit-nwen n tudert ? Di tagara, jemɛet-ed ixemmimen-nwen meṛṛa s yiwet n tẓallit. Ma yella tebɣam iwakken ara-t ssutrem i Yillu, iwakken ara wen-d yefk tezmert i s’ara tqeɛdem tudert-nwen, akken yella uɣawas ines, amek ara-s tinim ayagi ? Arut assuter-nwen s kra izarigen. ɛiwdetas ɣef lebɛeḍ n tewṛiqin mecṭuḥen i tzemrem a ttawin di lǧib. Xedmet asentel n tẓallit yal dduṛt. m’ara ɛeddin-t kra n smanat, arut deffir tewṛiqt-nni acu isseqdac Yillu iwakken ara-d yeqqbel taẓallit-nwen. Aɣmis-nwen – segmet tudert-nwen am waken yella uɣawas n Yasuɛ i tmezgida-s – tasnezgimt : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ tagzimt=section, tafelsifit=philosophie, asentel=sujet, aɣmis=journal, aɣawas= plan, tasnezgimt=réflexion 63 Assuter n Tẓallit : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Sekfiwelet axemmem-nwen Ḥedded-et ayen s’ara tfelsem, tceffum ɣef tira iqedsen Dayen isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant, iwakken ara-d nessegrew ayen akk inelmed, ad-uɣalen ixemmimen-nneɣ d ayen ibanen nefles. S wacu ara nebdu, gzulet-ed timedlitin i tḥeddem, tlemdem di xemsa n taggnitin iɛeddan. Ccfutɣef usentel amenzawi : Aɣawas n Yasuṣ i tmezgida-s. Seglut di timedlitin-nwen amek yebɣa Adunay Yasuɛ a nessuneḍ tawacult-nneɣ aked ttwacult n Yillu. Xedmet dɣa yiwen umuɣ n izergan imenzawen n tira iqedsen, ara yilin dayen ɣef ara ikenned wayen tfelsem. Xtiṛ-et axxi yiwet n tseddart ara-t isinem s wul. Aru-tet i waksar agi, ɣertet-id war aṭṭili deg wagraw-nwen n uselmed m’ara-d mlilem tikkelt nniḍen. Aru-tet ɣef yiwet n tweṛqett – yal taseddaṛt s temselɣut-is, aru-t rrif-nsen ayen i yawen-d qqaṛen imeslayen yellan deg-sen. Ɣaret, ttɛawadet-asen di lawan akka n setta ddurat. akfiwel=engager, tidmiwin=pensées, tikerkas=mensonges, a nesnes=appliquer, amentil=cause, tixutra=importance, ssuneḍ=ordonner, umuɣ=liste, asentel=sujet, akala=processus, agzul=résumer 64 Iddir di tlemmast n twacult n twaculin - taflesti iseɣzen : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Taseddaṛt ara yilin am tsarut ilaq attecfum fell-as : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Sekfiwelet tudert-nwen Tiɣtasin, isenfaren-nwen aked tinumiwin n tudert Mektit-ed yal yiwet si tegzimin “Xemmet ɣef iselkamen” n xemsa n taggnitin i tlemdem. Xemmet ɣef uselkem 65 iɛelmen tudert-nwen, aɛeddi si yal amecwaṛ n wamnir d ayen illan d taɣewsiwt. D taɣewsiwt nniḍen, iwakken ara n xemmem ɣef tudert-nneɣ kamel, wa nebdu amsal deg iswiyen-nneɣ aked ttinumiwin n tudert s uɛiwen n wayen nelmed. Amecwaṛ-agi d ayen isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant, iwakken araɣ yawi anebnu tudert-nneɣ ɣef imenzayen imedra n Yasuɛ mačči ɣef imenzayen n ddunit. Aṭas n tɣewsiwin i yaɣ ilaqen, iwakken ara nawweḍ alama kecmen di tudert-nneɣ, imenzayen imedra. Tamezwarut, ɛiwdet tazrawt i tegzimin “xemmet ɣef iselkamen” aked lxudma-nwen meṛra i tkemlem, alami d tura di tagnit-agi. Tesɛam tiɣtasin ara tedmem ? Amedya, llan ahat wayen yezwaren di tudert-nwen alami d tura, dɣa iban-awen-d belli ilaq a ttwalim ayen s tmuɣli nniḍen ? Tesɛeddayem akud-nwen deg wayen yelhan ? Tegzam akken ilaq lebɣi n Yillu ? Tawacult-nwen tegza ula d nettat ayagi ? Acu i tuḥwajem a ttbedlem di tudert-nwen sumata, di tudert-nwen ara-d ikuflen seg uselmed-agi. Tiɣtasin, isenfaren-nwen aked ttinumiwin n tudert : _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 66 Amawal n iwitayen akk d tmeḍṛanin n tira iqedsen yellan am tsura Umuɣ-agi yellan ɣer zdat, ɛawden-d i yiwitayen d abrid amezwaru i temlalem yid-sen deg wadlis-agi. Xas akken ittwanefked unamek-ines maca d ayen isehlen ad-yesruḥ yiwen anamek-nsen n ṣṣeḥ. Amawal-agi yezmer awen-yili d ayen ara kun-iɛiwnen ɣer zdat akken ara tisinem anamek iwitayen d tmedṛanin n tira iqedsen. Tabdelt naɣ aɣawas. Awal-agi n tebdelt d ayen i ttwasqedcen deg Ifasus 3.8 (deg ussuɣel n J.N. Darby). Yebɣa ad-yini s imeslayenagi “tazzemzi”, “taɣara n usefrek” d ayen i ttwaseqdacen dima ɣef wawal-nni “uɣawas”. Deg Ifasus yura belli, Bulus “ssawlen-as-d iwakken ara-d yesbin ɣer tafat teblelt n wadrug yefren”, ayagi d ayen araɣ yawin, iwakken ara negzu amek i d-yettak Yillu ṛreḥmas. Alami ttura d ayen i ttwaḥazen i wat Isṛaɛil-kan. Tura ṛreḥmayagi dayen i ttwaheggan ulama i wat iɣlan. Imeqqṛanen aked iqeddacen. Iqbuṛen llan d imḍebṛen di tmezgida. Di yal timezgida tuḥwaǧ a ttesɛu akka agraw n iqbuṛen ara yebḍun way garasen ccɣul n tmezgida anda llan. Ad-ilin d wid izemren iwakken ara bedden akken ilaq ɣer tamasit-nsen ama di tmezgida ama di twaculin-nsen, ad-sɛun tanagit yelhan (1 Timuti 3.1-7). Iqeddacen ad-ilin d wi-d ara ten-ittɛawanen (1 Timuti 3.813). Tibṛatin imeksawen n tmezgida. Tlata n tebṛatin tineggura n Bulus, yellan d 1, 2 n Timuti aked Tit. Tibṛatin-agi ttwacegɛen-t i sin yegrawen-agi imenzayen i qedcen di tmezgida. Llant di tebṛatinagi lewṣayat n wamek ilaq a ttili tikli n wid ara iqedcen di tmezgida am imḍebṛen, d wamek daɣen ilaq ad-sbeddaden timezgidatin ara yilin am twacult tameqqṛant n Yillu. Isban-ed akken ilaq di tebṛatin-agi amek ilaq ad-ttwaxtaṛen wid ara i ttdebbiṛen, dayen isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant wayagi. L’Inǧil. Tanagit n ṛebɛa inagan iṣeḥḥan uran-d yal wa deg-sen si tama-s, ɣef usentel n tudert n Adunay Yasuɛ: Maṭṭa, Maṛqus, Luqa aked Yuḥana. amawal=glossaire, iwitayen=termes, timedṛanin=concepts, amuɣ=liste, anamek= sens, tabdelt=administration, aɣawas=plan, assuɣel=traduction, tazzemzi= dispensation, taɣara n usefrek=manière de gérer, adrug=mystère, gzu=comprendre, tamasit=responsabilité, imenzayen=principales, tixutra=important 67 Tawacult n twaculin. Dacu i danamek aɛni n tanfalit-agi, akken araɣ yeɛɛiwen a negzu iswi d lebɣi n Yazsuɛ ɣef tmezgida-s, amek ilaq a ttili. Tagerrawt n Yasuɛ ɣef tmezgidatin, iwakken yal yiwet deg-sent a ttili am yiwet n twacult n twaculin. Anamek n wayagi i ttusema timezgida i ttwanefk-as-d lewṣayat, iwakken ara-t seggem iman-is a ttili am yiwet n twacult tameqqṛant, i ttwaweṣfen s waṭas n twaculin. S wakka yal amasiḥi yesɛa amkan-is di twacult. Ayagi mačči d ayen ara isxeṛben amedya, tawacult n yal yiwen, maca d ayen ara s yefken ifadden akteṛ. Haustafel. D yiwen wawal s tutlayt n talmanit, iheddeṛ-ed ɣef yiwen n ṣṣenf n tira yellan di tmezgida n lqeṛn amezwaru, semman-as “Iḍrisen n waxxam”. Tanfalit-agi tuɣal d ayen isseqdac wagdud meṛṛa yerna d ayen iṣṣawḍen alami i d-ttadren ayagi di tira, m’ara-d hedṛen ɣef iḍrisen-agi n twacult. At Isaṛaɛil aked Iɣlan. At “Isṛaɛil” llan d aɣlan yextaṛ Yillu, iwakken ara i ttwakemmel lebɣi ines, akken ara yawweḍ alama (iburrek) aked igduden (Iɣlan). At “leǧnas” llan d wid akk yellan deg iɣlan nniḍen. Maca tura, kra n win ifelsen s Adunay Yasuɛ (n at Isṛaɛil naɣ n iɣlan) uɣalen ɣef yiwen wagdud amaynut, timezgida-s. Timezgida n Yasuɛ aked ttmezgidatin. Tameḍṛant n tmezgida n Yasuɛ aked ttmezgidatin-agi yellan di lɛahed amaynut. Timezgidas taweḥdit llan deg-s wid meṛṛa ifelsen yis – tawacult-is tameɣlalt yegla-d s wi-d akk ifelsen yis deg idelsan irkul. Am waken yella uɣawas ines, wid akk ifelsen yis ttwaɛerḍen, iwakken ara ṭfen imukan-nsen di tmezgida – tawacult n twaculin, iḥerzen yerna ttaɣen awal i lewṣayat-agi ɣef usentel n tudert n tmezgida yellan ttawacult tameqqṛant. Igburen n waxxam. D yiwet n talɣa n tira (tira i ttwaqedmen) d ayen isseqdacen dima deg idles n tmezgida n lqeṛn amezwaru. Talɣa yagi d ayen ineǧren abrid ilaq a tyawi yiwen, ama di twaculin-nsen, ama di twacult tameqqṛant yellan ttimezgida. amedya-yagi n tira, d ayen i ttwasqedcen deg izrugen n Lɛahed amaynut, hedṛen-d ɣef usentel n twaculin (Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9 ; At Kuluṣ 3.18 alama d 4.1 ; 1 Butṛus 3.1-7) i tmezgidatin daɣen (1 Timuti 3.14-16). tanfalit=expression, gzu=comprendre, iswi=but, tagerrawt=attention, iḍrisen=textes, tamedṛant=concept, tameɣlalt=éternelle, idelsen=cultures, aɣawas=plan, asentel=sujet, iqbuṛen=anciens, talɣa=forme, izrugen=passages 68 Tikli. Amek ilaq ad-yidir yiwen, naɣ lecɣal n wamdan deg yiwen wass. Tikli s Ṛruḥ, ayen yebɣa ad-yini, iwakken ara ilin lecɣal-nneɣ meṛṛa n yal ass n tudert-nneɣ, ilaq ad-ilin dima deg wabrid yebɣa Ṛruḥ Uqdis. Anamek n wayagi d ayen nezmer a tid nini s imeslayen nniḍen, ilaq a nidir akken qqaṛent tira iqedsen – yellan d awal ɛzizen n Yasuɛ (Ifasus 5.18; wali daɣen At Kuluṣ 3.16). Adrug. D yiwet n tɣewsiwt yellan zik teffer, maca tura iweḥḥatt-id Yillu. Di Ifasus 3, awal-agi d ayen ijebden tagerrawt-nneɣ ɣer tmezgida n Yasuɛ, i deg-i yella dduklen am yiwen, ama d at Isṛaɛil ama d at iɣlan, llan irkul d imaṣlaḍen yesɛan amkan-nsen kamel di twacult-agi tameqqṛant n teflest. Ibabaten n tmezgida. Llan d imḍebṛen imeqqṛanen n tmezgida, d ayen iɛawnen aṭas, iwakken tira iqedsen ad-ttwasnent, sbeddaden timezgidatin timaynutin, rnan bedden ɣursent seg wasmi ɛeddan mmuten yemcegɛen-nni imezwura, yebdan ccɣul-agi. Ayen i yaɣ-d uran imeqqṛanen-agi, sselmaden-aɣ ɣef usentel n 150 iseggasen i dyernan seg mi mmuten yemcegɛen imezwura. Ayen akk i d-uran mačči d ayen i d-gren di lɛahed amaynut. Maca llan dima wejden mazal ɣer was-a. Tazmert n lmalayek aked ttin irruḥaniyen. D lmalayek i yellant txelqiyin-agi n ṛruḥ, qedcent zdat Yillu, iwakken ara yawweḍ ɣer lebɣi ines uɣawas-is, ma d iruḥaniyen, xtaṛen akken ara ddun d cciṭan, iwakken ara ɛeṛden ma zemren ad-qeṛen aɣawas-agi n Yillu ur i ttaweḍ ara ɣer lebɣi-s. Timezgida tella d aɣawas yesbed Illu, iwakken ara-d yemmel tusna-s yellan s nnig kullec, ad-muqlen ama d lmalayek ama d iṛuḥaniyen ad-walin ayagi meṛṛa. Asekkud iqedsen. Tameḍṛant n usekkud iqedsen, yella deg-s uselmed akk ilaqen i teflest. D ayen ittawin amdan akken ara yidir di taɣdemt (di leqdisa) ama deg waxxam-is ama deg waxxam n Yillu yellan ttimezgida. adrug=mystère, tagerrawt=attention, imaṣlaḍen=membres, aɣawas=plan, tusnas=sagesse, asekkud iqedsen=sainte doctrine, tamedṛant=concept 69 Iwakken ara tkemlem assileɣ-nwen Idlisen n talkensit-agi twaxedmen deg yiwen iswi, akken ara sarsen lsas iṣeḥḥan n teflest. Llan d taḥurkebt-kan tamezwarut. Ameskar n tebṛat n wat Iɛebṛaniyen di lɛahed amaynut, ismektayed belli ilaq a nṛammi tanẓaẓ (Iɛebṛaniyen 5.11-14). Tagzimt-agi “iwakken ara nesɣez akter deg usentel” d ayen inezmer anaf di tagara n yal adlis n talkensit-agi n Imenzayen imedra. D ayen ara ittwasqedcen am yiwen umnir akken ara kun-yawi a tafem tiɛwinin ara wen-yefken ifadden i s’ara tebnum ɣef lsas iṣeḥḥan n tidett, d ayen i yawen ittwanefken di yal adlis. Ad-nuɣal alama d leɛwanseṛ-agi, ternum tid i tebɣam a teɣṛem naɣ attseɣzem deg-s akteṛ di tegzimt n “Usekfiwel n tudert”. Tagzimt-agi d ayen yellan di taggnit tis setta. 1) Anefk afus uɛiwen i tuɣḍaṭ n tmezgida: imenzayen imedra n ccɣul n tmezgida, talkensit n Imenzayen imedra, Amazrar 1 – Adlis 3. Adlis-agi d akemmel n wadlis i tekfam tura yakan, Illit dayla n twacult n twaculin : Imenzayen imedra n tudert tmezgida . Dayen isɛan lqima tameqqṛant, iwakken ara tkemlem ccɣulnwen tebdam deg wadlis-agi, iwakken ara tegzum belli lebɣi n Yillu akken ara tkecmem wa tteṭfem imukan-nwen di twacult-is tameqqṛant. A nekcem ih, maca mačči-kan akken ara nili deg yiwen wagraw yelhan, maca iwakken ara nwali iswi ameqqṛan n Yillu. Win i deg ara yeṣṣiweḍ ɣer lebɣi ines tuɣḍaṭ n Yasuɛ ɣef tmezgida-s. Aselmed-agi d ayen ara wen-d yernun tinqiṭ taneggarut ɣef tmedṛant n twacult i nezmer anaf deg wadlis-agi. D ayen ara yeɛiwnen yal amasiḥi, iwakken ara yuɣal dallal yelhan ara yawin L’Inǧil i twaculin nniḍen. Iwakken daɣen ara yeɛiwen timezgidatin, ad-uɣalent ɣef waṭas di ddunit. assileɣ=formation, talkensit=collection, iswi=but, amaskar=auteur, tanẓaẓ=maturité, tegzimt=section, asentel=sujet, imenzayen imedra=principes fondamentaux, amnir=guide, akfiwel=engager, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, amazrar=série, tamedṛant=concept, temsirt=leçon, tasuft imagṛaḍ=extrait d’articles, issimlen=citations, allal=outil, isentilen=sujets. 70 Tirawt n tagara 1 C. Michael GRIFFITHS, What on Earth Are You Doing ? : Jesus’ Call to World Mission, England, InterVarsity Press, 1983, p. 38. Dayen ittwasqedcen s tutagt n InterVarsity Press. 2 David J. HESSELGRAVE, Planting Churches Cross-Culturally : North America and Beyond, Grand Rapids, Baker Book House Company, 2000, p. 18-19. Dayen ittwasqedcen s turagt n umaẓṛag. 3 Vern Sheridan POYTHRESS, The Church as a Family : Why Male Leadership in the Family Requires Male Leadership in the Home as Well, Westchester, Illinois, Crossway Books, 1990, p. 12. Dayen ittwasqedcen s turagt n umaẓṛag aked umaskar, d Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (lewṣaya n tira iqedsen amek ara yeqqim wargaz dargaz tameṭṭut ttameṭṭut). 4 Stephen B. CLARK, Man and Woman in Christ : An Examination of the Roles of Men and Women in Light of Scripture and the Social Sciences, Ann Arbor, Servant Books, 1990, p. 73, 74. Dayen ittwasqedcen s turagt n umaskar. 5 Gene A. GETZ, The Measure of a Christian, Ventura, California, Regal Books, 1983, p. 96-97. Adlis-agi i ttwasuɣel-ed s tutlayt n tefransist s yisem n : Dimensions d’un chrétien, Tite, Editions VIDA, 1984. 6 GRIFFITHS, p. 53, 54. 7 Francis A. SCHAEFFER, The Church at the End of the 20th Century, Westchester, Illinois, Crossway Books, 1970, p. 56. Dayen ittwasqedcen s turagt n umaskar. 8 Howard A. SNYDER, The Community of the King, Downers Grove, Illinois, InterVarsity Press, 1977, p. 75. Dayen ittwasqedcen s turagt n umaskar. 71