assessment
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assessment
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T22678398A37863310 Penelope jacucaca, White-browed Guan Assessment by: BirdLife International View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: BirdLife International. 2012. Penelope jacucaca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T22678398A37863310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20121.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en Copyright: © 2015 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Aves Galliformes Cracidae Taxon Name: Penelope jacucaca Spix, 1825 Common Name(s): • English: White-browed Guan Taxonomic Source(s): del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International. Identification Information: 65-70 cm. Medium-sized, blackish-brown cracid with a striking white supercilium. Prominent elongated white streaks in the upperwing. Pale legs. Similar spp. None in range. Voice Unknown. Assessment Information Red List Category & Criteria: Vulnerable A2cd+3cd+4cd ver 3.1 Year Published: 2012 Date Assessed: May 1, 2012 Justification: This species qualifies as Vulnerable because intensifying threats are suspected to have led to rapid population declines, and the species has already been extirpated from some sites. Previously Published Red List Assessments 2008 – Vulnerable (VU) 2004 – Vulnerable (VU) 2000 – Lower Risk/near threatened (LR/nt) 1994 – Lower Risk/near threatened (LR/nt) 1988 – Threatened (T) Geographic Range Range Description: Penelope jacucaca is a caatinga endemic confined to Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia and north-east Minas Gerais, north-east Brazil (Sick 1993, G. M Kirwan in litt. 2000). There are apparently three distinct subpopulations: south of the rio São Francisco; north-east of the rio São Francisco; and south-east Piauí to west Ceará (Sick 1993). There are recent records from north-western Minas Gerais © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en 1 (Mocambinho [Kirwan et al. 2001], Jatobá [Kirwan et al. 2004], Lagoa dos Patos [de Vasconcelos 2006]), Bahia (Raso da Catarina Ecological Station [P. Lima in litt. 2003], Curaçá [Freitas and Barros 2002], Chapada Diamantina [Parrini et al. 1999]) and southern Piauí (Serra de Uruçuí [Santos (2001a], Serra da Capivara National Park [Olmos 1993], Serra das Confusões National Park [L. F. Silveira in litt. 2003], Sete Cidades National Park [Santos 2001b], Parque Ambiental de Teresina [Rodrigues and Santos 2001]), Pernambuco (Serra Negra Biological Reserve [Roda and Carlos 2004], Mauricio Dantas Private Reserve [Farias et al. 2001]) and Ceará (in the Itapagé municipality [P. Develey in litt. 2007] and Serra de Baturité [Roberto Otoch per D. Willis in litt. 2009]). There are no recent records from near coastal areas of Alagoas or Paraíba, as claimed in the past, and the species is considered extinct there. Country Occurrence: Native: Brazil © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en 2 Distribution Map © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en 3 Population Delacour & Amadon (2004) estimated the population size to number fewer than 10,000 mature individuals, thus the population is placed in the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals. This equates to 3,750-14,999 individuals in total, rounded to 3,500-15,000 individuals here. Trend Justification A rapid and on-going population decline is suspected on the basis of hunting pressure and habitat degradation. Current Population Trend: Decreasing Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) It is a poorly known and scarce resident of dry, lowland stunted forest and caatinga (del Hoyo et al. 1994, Sick 1993). Systems: Terrestrial Threats (see Appendix for additional information) North-eastern Brazil is the poorest region in the country and has a strong hunting culture. This large and attractive species is considered either locally extinct or very rare over much of its distribution and is under intensive pressure from hunting even in "protected" areas. Additionally, both Raso da Catarina and Serra Negra are intensively exploited by Indian groups, who have also cut much of the latter forest (Santos 2001b). Degradation of dry forests and arboreal caatinga, apparently its favoured habitats, has also been intensive. Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) Conservation Actions Underway Recent records from a number of protected areas including Raso da Catarina Ecological Station (Bahia), Serra da Capivara National Park (Piauí), Serra das Confusões National Park, Sete Cidades National Park, Parque Ambiental de Teresina and Pernambuco (Serra Negra Biological Reserve [Roda and Carlos 2004], Mauricio Dantas Private Reserve). In Ceará state it has recently been found at a site in Itapagé municipality where a private reserve is being created (P. Develey in litt. 2007). An action plan being developed by IBAMA for Cracidae will include this species. Conservation Actions Proposed Carry out surveys to assess the population size. Conduct research into the extent and level of hunting pressure on the species. Develop and implement an action plan for the species and its habitat. Improve de facto protection of protected areas within its range. Initiate local awareness campaigns to combat hunting in protected areas. Credits Assessor(s): BirdLife International Reviewer(s): Butchart, S. & Symes, A. Contributor(s): Develey, P., Kirwan, G., Lima, P., Olmos, F. & Silveira, L. © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en 4 Facilitators(s) and Compiler(s): Symes, A., Benstead, P., Keane, A., Symes, A., Sharpe, C J © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en 5 Bibliography Delacour, J.; Amadon, D. 2004. Curassows and related birds. Lynx Edicions & American Museum of Natural History, Barcelona & New York. del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. 1994. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. De Vasconcelos, M.F., D'Angelo Neto, S., Kirwan, G.M., Bornschein, M.R., Guimaraes Diniz, M. and Da Silva, J.F. 2006. Important ornithological records from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 126(3): 212-238. Farias, G. B.; Brito, M. T.; Pacheco, G. L. 2001. Levantamento de aves da RPPN Mauricio Dantas, Betânia/Floresta (Pernambucco). Resumos do X Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia: 202-203. Freitas, M. A.; Barros, Y. M. 2002. Ornitofauna de Curaçá (Pátria da Ararinha Azul) riqueza e diversidade na caatinga da regiao norte da Bahia. Resumos do X Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia: 150-152. IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2012.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 19 June 2012). Kirwan, G. M.; Barnett, J. M.; Minns, J. 2001. Significant ornithological observations from the rio Sao Francisco valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with notes on conservation and biogeography. Ararajuba 9(2): 145-161. Kirwan, G.M.; Barnett, J.M.; Vasconcelos, M. F. de; Raposo, M. A.; D'Angelo Neto, S.; Roesler, I. 2004. Further comments on the avifauna of the middle Sao Francisco valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 124: 207-220. Olmos, F. 1993. Birds of Serra da Capivara National Park in the "caatinga" of north-eastern Brazil. Bird Conservation International 3: 21-36. Parrini, R.; Raposo, M. A.; Pacheco, J. F.; Carvalhaes, A. M. P.; Melo, T. A. J.; Fonseca, P. S. M.; Minns, J. C. 1999. Birds of the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Cotinga 11: 86-95. Roda, S. A.; Carlos, C. J. 2004. Composiçao e sensitividade da avifauna dos brejos de altitude do estado de Pernambuco. In: Porto, K.C.; Cabral, J.J.P.; Tabarelli, M. (ed.), Brejos de Altitude: história natural, ecologia e conservaçao, pp. 211-218. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasílla. Rodrigues, E. B.; Santos. MPD. 2001. Levantamento da ornitofauna do Parque Ambiental de Teresina, Piauí. Resumos do VIII Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia: 230-231. Santos, M. P. D. 2001. Avifauna da Serra de Uruçui, Piauí. Resumos do VIII Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia: 237-238. Santos, M. P. D. 2001. Avifauna Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piauí. Resumos do VIII Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia: 238-239. Sick, H. 1993. Birds in Brazil: a natural history. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Strahl, S.; Ellis, S.; Byers, O.; Plasse, C. 1994. Conservation assessment and management plan for Neotropical guans, curassows, and chachalacas. International Union for Nature Conservation and Natural Resources, Apple Valley, USA. Citation © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en 6 BirdLife International. 2012. Penelope jacucaca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T22678398A37863310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en Disclaimer To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use. External Resources For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website. © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en 7 Appendix Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Habitat Season Suitability Major Importance? 1. Forest -> 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry Resident Suitable Yes 2. Savanna -> 2.1. Savanna - Dry Resident Suitable Yes Use and Trade (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) End Use Local National International Food - human Yes Yes No Medicine - human & veterinary Yes Yes No Pets/display animals, horticulture Yes Yes No Threats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual & perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.3. Agro-industry farming Ongoing Majority (5090%) Slow, significant declines - Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation Ongoing Majority (5090%) Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation Ongoing Majority (5090%) Stresses: 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality Ongoing Majority (5090%) Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming & ranching -> 2.3.3. Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming 5. Biological resource use -> 5.1. Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals -> 5.1.1. Intentional use (species is the target) 5. Biological resource use -> 5.3. Logging & wood harvesting -> 5.3.4. Unintentional effects: (large scale) Slow, significant declines Slow, significant declines Slow, significant declines - - - Conservation Actions in Place (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en 8 Conservation Actions in Place In-Place Research, Monitoring and Planning Action Recovery plan: Yes Systematic monitoring scheme: No In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management Conservation sites identified: Yes, over entire range Occur in at least one PA: Yes Invasive species control or prevention: No In-Place Species Management Successfully reintroduced or introduced beningly: No Subject to ex-situ conservation: No In-Place Education Subject to recent education and awareness programmes: No Included in international legislation: No Subject to any international management/trade controls: No Conservation Actions Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Conservation Actions Needed 2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management 3. Species management -> 3.1. Species management -> 3.1.1. Harvest management 3. Species management -> 3.2. Species recovery Research Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Research Needed 1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends Additional Data Fields Distribution Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): Unknown Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): No © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en 9 Distribution Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 620000 Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): Unknown Extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO): No Continuing decline in number of locations: Unknown Extreme fluctuations in the number of locations: No Lower elevation limit (m): 800 Upper elevation limit (m): 1600 Population Number of mature individuals: 2500-9999 Continuing decline of mature individuals: Unknown Extreme fluctuations: No Population severely fragmented: No Continuing decline in subpopulations: Unknown Extreme fluctuations in subpopulations: No All individuals in one subpopulation: No Habitats and Ecology Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Unknown Generation Length (years): 5.7 Movement patterns: Not a Migrant © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en 10 The IUCN Red List Partnership The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
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