NANOPACKSAFER- NANO-engineered PACKaging

Nanocomposite and Nanolayered PVD Functional Coatings
Vasco Teixeira
GRF-Grupo de Revestimentos Funcionais
CFUM- Centro de Física da Universidade do Minho
Universidade do Minho
Guimarães
email: [email protected]
fax: 253510401
tel: 253510465/00
-Smart multilayered coatings – smart windows
-NANOEFFECT: Nanocomposites with High Colouration Efficiency for Electrochromic
Smart Plastic Devices
-Thermochromic thin films
-Nanolayered and nano-graded coatings – Solar selective surfaces
-Solar Tiles - Desenvolvimento de Sistemas Solares Fotovoltaicos em Coberturas e
Revestimentos Cerâmicos (Development of solar photovoltaic systems in roof and
ceramic tiles)
-Advanced TCO Transparent Oxide Conductors Thin Films
-Multilayered, Nanocomposite and Nanostructured High Temperature Ceramic Coatings
-Smart nanocoatings – Self-cleaning and anti-dirt surfaces
-Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Sputtered Coatings on Plastics for Self-Cleaning
Applications
-Project on nanofiltration and water purification
-Low-friction coatings for mould injection components
-NANOPACKSAFER: NANO-engineered PACKaging systems for improving quality, SAFEty
and health characteristics of foods
-NanoMeDiag-Nanobioanalytical platforms for improved medical diagnosis of infections
caused by pathogen microorganisms
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
ELECTROCHROMIC SMART COATINGS
Smart multilayered coatings – smart windows
Electrochromic Materials such as tungstren oxide are used in devices
for optical modulation activated by the an external electric voltage.
NANOEFFECT will realize a major step to overcome the limitations of
existing ECDs (Electro-Chromic Displays) by utilizing Physical-Chemical
Nanotechnology
Our device in operation.
Nanoeffect flexible device
Carl M. Lampert, Materials Today, March 2004 p.28-35
colour
xM + + xe − + WO3
→
M x O3
←
bleach
Courtesy: C. Granqvist, ChromoGenics
Hai-Ning Cui PhD project
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
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STREP-EU-2004: “NANOEFFECT: Nanocomposites with High Colouration
Efficiency for Electrochromic Smart Plastic Devices”
NANOEFFECT will realize a major step to overcome the limitations of existing ECDs (ElectroChromic Displays) by utilizing Physical-Chemical Nanotechnology.
Inorganic-organic nanocomposites will be endowed with conductive and electrochromic (EC)
properties via the incorporation of conductive polymer components. The targeted development will
yield novel EC nanocomposites and product-like prototypes of all-plastic ECDs based thereupon.
Rigid device
Glass based (window)
Flexible device
All-plastic (spectacle )
ITO- glass
TCO- plastic
vapor dep . low CE inorganic oxide
hydrophilic polymer electrolyte
inorganic counter electrode
ITO- glass
TCO- plastic
State-of- the -art
• expensive (vacuum )
• poorly applicable on plastics
• durability problems (humidity , acids )
• few colours (blue , blue grey )
NANOEFFECT
• Cost -effective (wet -chemical , aqueous )
• compatible with flexible substrates / plastics
• high durability (hydrophobic , acid -stable )
• variety of colours (red, blue , green & mixtures)
Compared to the state-of-the-art the novel technology will enable:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
wet-chemical processing at low temperatures
be more cost-effective and flexible
be broadly applicable to a variety of flat, curved, and woven plastic substrates
show improve adhesion characteristics
present fast switching times (2 min / 0,25 m2 to 15 s / 50 cm2)
a durability sufficient for eye-wear applications (-20 °C - 60 °C, 105 cc, 200 h Suntest)
present an innovative environmentally safe power-supply solution
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
THERMOCHROMIC COATINGS
Thermochromic materials such as vanadium oxide
are used in devices for color change activated by
temperature
GRF have developed doped vanadium oxides
films with optmized transition temperatures
λ =2.5 µm
50
50
10ºC
Heating
Cooling
45
40
Transmittance (%)
Transmittance (%)
40
35
30
25
Ts=63ºC
20
15
30
20
70ºC
10
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
100 110
500
1000
Temperature (ºC)
λ=2.5 µm
2000
2500
50
Heating
Cooling
45
Heating
Cooling
45
40
40
35
Transmittance (%)
Transmittance (%)
1500
Wavelength (nm)
λ=2.5 µm
50
30
25
20
Ts = 40ºC
15
10
35
30
?
25
20
15
Ts=31ºC
10
5
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Temperature ºC
60
70
80
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Temperature (ºC)
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
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SPECTRALLY SELECTIVE SURFACES FOR SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS
Nanolayered and nano-graded coatings – Solar selective surfaces
Cortesia AoSol, Lda
Schematics of a multilayered nanocomposite
coating produced b DC magnetron sputtering.
Coating system: Mo-Al2O3
Black top surface (Mo-MoO2-Al2O3)
Gradient cermet coating Mo-Al2O3
IR reflector Mo-Al composite layer
AFM image of a graded
Ti-TiNyOx thin film
α = 91 %
ε =4%
Metallic substrate
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
Solar Tiles - Desenvolvimento de Sistemas Solares
Fotovoltaicos em Coberturas e Revestimentos Cerâmicos
QREN – Sistemas de Incentivo à Investigação e DesenvolvimentoTecnológico
Projectos I&DT Empresas em Co-promoção
Principais estratégias:
-Redução do consumo de energia e de materiais por unidade produzida de bens ou serviços
-Redução do impacto ambiental e/ou melhoria da saúde, higiene e segurança no trabalho
-Alargamento da gama de bens ou serviços
Áreas tecnológicas: Tecnologias dos Materiais, Energia, Tecnologias da Construção
Contribuir para um novo tipo de arquitectura de edifícios, que inclua o eco-design,
fachadas e coberturas de edifícios baseados em materiais cerâmicos fotovoltaicos,
numa perspectiva de novos produtos cerâmicos multifuncionais, em que se
pretende conjugar as funções de revestimento, estética e de produção de energia.
As principais tarefas de I&DT da Universidade do Minho ligam-se ao desenvolvimento de:
i) camadas espessas cerâmicas nanocompósitas de aderência-ligação /barreira de difusão entre o
material base (por exemplo telha ou fachada cerâmica) e a estrutura multicamada (célula fotovoltaica);
ii) filmes finos PVD (por pulverização catódica em magnetrão) de TCOs (óxidos condutores
transparentes);
iii) encapsulamento da célula solar através de polímeros especiais e aplicação de filmes finos de
óxidos compósitos amorfos ou nanocristalinos que confiram grande resistência à transmissão de vapor
de água e oxigénio (de modo a evitar a degradação das propriedades ópticas e eléctricas do dispositivo
fotovoltaico, no que resultaria perda de eficiência).
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
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Advanced TCO Transparent Oxide
Conductors Thin Films
Thin transparent conducting films have important uses for a variety of applications
including thin films solar cells, flat panel displays, active-smart optical devices and
touch screens. The added flexibility of polymer substrates opens up new device
application opportunities that use curved and flexible surfaces.
Optimized and novel TCO-transparent conductor
oxides (based in ITO, GZO, AZO) layers will be
deposited on plastics at room temperature by vacuum
deposition techniques (PVD), such as magnetron
sputtering techniques and IBAD-Ion Beam Deposition.
60
0.04
0.02
σ / MPa
40
30
∆R/R0
50
0.00
20
-0.02
10
0
0
AFM image of a GZO film on PC
1
2
3
-0.04
5
4
ε/%
SEM micrograph of a GZO film on PET
PET + ITO system electromechanical properties
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS
Multilayered, Nanocomposite and Nanostructured Coatings – gas turbine applications
TBC (Thermal Barrier Coatings) development activity will involve
research of new advanced composite and multilayered ceramic
coating system, focusing primarily on increased temperature
capability, reduced density and low thermal conductivity.
3000
7200
2500
6000
t(111)
m(-111)
Intensity (a.u.)
Intensity (a.u.)
2000
4800
1500
Z12A14 3600
1000
Z6A7 2400
f
500
1200
e
0
ZrO 2
Porosity [%]
20
GPIII
17
Al2 O 3
Z3A3
14
11
8
m (-111)
26
28
0
30
32
Diffration (2 θ)
5
0
50
100
150
200
Thickness [µ
µm]
Porosity distribution along the cross section
determined by image analysis
34
36
26
28
30
32
34
36
Diffration (2 θ)
XRD patterns of:
a) ZrO2-Al2O3 nanostructured coatings prepared with different
nanolayers thickness,
b) the individual layers, monoclinic ZrO2 layer and amorphous Al2O3
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
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Smart nanocoatings – Self-cleaning and anti-dirt surfaces
Water droplets at surfaces: contact angle
θ << 90° hydrophilic surface
θ= 120° hydrophobic surface (e.g. Teflon)
sliding drops, no roll off
θ 180° ultra-hydrophobic surface
roll off angle 0°
Ultra-hydrophobic surfaces: “Self-cleaning effect”
(flat) hydrophobic surface
hydrophobic surface combined
90° <= intrinsic contact angle θi <=120° with specific surface nano-roughness
contact angle θ 180°
-Rolling water drops
act as “mini-wipers“
-no adhering water drops => no
evaporation residues, “spots”
-self-cleaning
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Sputtered Coatings on
Plastics for Self-Cleaning Applications
TiO2 - MICROSTRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY (SEM) and (AFM)
(a)
SEM micrographs showing
the surface morphology of
TiO2 films deposited under
two different sputtering
pressures:
(b)
800 nm
800 nm
a) pressure of 0.4 Pa;
b) pressure of 0.5 Pa.
AFM 3D images of TiO2 films
deposited under the same
total pressure of 0.5 Pa and
with different iron
concentration:
(a)
Ra. = 1.985 nm
Rms = 2.585 nm
Ra = 4.518 nm
Rms = 5.697 nm
(b)
a) low iron concentration
b) high iron concentration
“Study of the deposition parameters and Fe-dopant effect in the photocatalytic
activity of TiO2 films prepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering”, J.O.
Carneiro, V. Teixeira, A. Portinha, L. Dupák, A. Magalhães and P. Coutinho,
Vacuum, Vol 78, 2005, p.37-46
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
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New project on nanofiltration
Nanomaterials based in nanoscale composite thin films could provide novel
opportunities to develop more efficient and cost effective nanostructured and
reactive membranes for water purification and desalination.
•
Development of coatings with antimicrobial
capabilities
that
can
minimize
biological
attachment and biofilm formation that can be
applied to current generation membranes and new
nanoporous membranes which are used for
drinking water, wastewater and desalination.
•
Development of innovative composite metal oxide
nanostructured materials for the destruction of
biological toxins in surface water and groundwater,
using photocatalysis and oxidation.
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
REVESTIMENTOS DE BAIXO ATRITO PARA MOLDES DE INJECÇÃO
Aplicação de revestimentos PVD em moldes de injecção de
plásticos: superfícies moldantes, canais de alimentação,
extractores e outros elementos móveis.
As principais vantagens da utilização do revestimento PVD
adequado reflecte-se em diversos aspectos da produção e da
qualidade do produto injectado :
-melhoria da resistência ao desgaste;
-evita a corrosão provocada pelos gases e outros compostos
dos polímeros ou ligas;
-facilita o processo de desmoldação;
-reduz drásticamente ou elimina os fenómenos de gripagem;
-aumenta o tempo de vida do molde e reduz os custos de
manutenção
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
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NANOPACKSAFER: NANO-engineered PACKaging systems for
improving quality, SAFEty and health characteristics of foods
Portugal-Spain International Nanotechnology Laboratory Nanotechnology
Projects Call
Subject: Nanotechnology
2. Security and Food Quality Control
Objectives
This proposal aims at developing nanotechnology-based food protection
strategies
by
providing
active
packaging
systems
(through
nanoengineered edible coatings, non-edible films and/or nanoparticles)
which will proactively act to maintain or even to increase food quality,
safety and health impact of foods from production to consumption.
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
NanoMeDiag-Nanobioanalytical platforms for improved medical
diagnosis of infections caused by pathogen microorganisms
Portugal-Spain International Nanotechnology Laboratory Nanotechnology
Projects Call
Subject: Nanotechnology
2. Security and Food Quality Control
Objectives
•
The aim of the project is to develop a low-cost high performance
nanobased multianalyte device for detection of pathogenic
microorganisms in different types of samples.
•
The active part of the biosensing platform will consist on a convenient
biofunctionalized nanostructured surface where specific biomolecular
recognition reactions will be detected by means of optical/electrical
transducing principles.
Vasco Teixeira – Universidade do Minho
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