Full Toblerian Spaces - wiki DPI

Full Toblerian Spaces: Recovering
Tobler’s Views on the Representations
for Fluxes in Geographical Analysis
Marcio Azeredo - MsC Candidate (Applied Computer Science)
Advisor: Dr. Antônio Miguel Vieira Monteiro
INPE /2009
What is the importance of fluxes in Geographical Analysis?
They can be used to represent spatial relationships in anisotropic space
such as those involving demand for goods, services, or transfer of
resources between geographic locations.
Regional Space
education service
health service
Security service
Technology
Money
This property can be used to redesign the regional space according to the
attributes involved in those spatial relationships represented.
How to analyze the dynamics of these fluxes?
Using networks !
Networks serves as ducts that lead fluxes,
and its properties influence the preferred
direction of connection between nodes .
Different
Network Properties
Generate
Generate
Different
Different
Fluxes Configurations
Spatial Configurations
Using some of the Tobler´s views !
Bidimensional Regression is a method created to compare, two or more
representations of the same configuration of points (Friedman and Kohler,
2003). The distortions observed represents the effort to transform one
configuration to another.
Related Works
Using Bidimensional Regression to redesign the space
Salt Lake City
Ahmed and Miller(2007)
Luxemburgo
Setúbal Peninsula
Dias et al. (2000)
Cauvin(2002)
Methodology
Bidimensional Regression
Reference Space
Valued Network
y
Dissimilarity Matrix
(edge value)
u’ and v’ determination
X
Resulting Space
1 2 3 ... n
1
2
3
.
n
x
Tij
v’’
v’
n points
Image Space
Linear
Transformation
Interpolation
nxn (points)
v
u’’
u’
Multidimensional
Analysis
n points
Distortion vectors
start (x,y)
end (u’,v’)
u and v determination
Entire space was
interpolated
u
n points
Adapted from Cauvin(2005)
FTS Framework: Our Proposal
Full Toblerian Spaces (FTS) is a proposed concept that embraces new
forms of representation for anisotropics geographical spaces. This work is
a small contribution.
The framework FTS is designed to be a repository of classes written in
C++, whose methods will work with the Terralib Open Plataform.
User
Desktop
Web
Web Processing
Service (WPS)
Plugin
Bidimensional Regression
Multidimensional
Analysis
Techniques
Interpolation
Techniques
Terralib Library
DBMSs
Architecture
Others
Techniques
Current Stage (Testing FTS Framework)
Time
Attribute
Railroad
Network
Number of Journeys
Attribute
Perspectives
The results of the proposed methodology can be used for..
.. making projections on the changes of the networks properties;
.. identifying traffic congestions in transport networks;
.. helping allocation of resources (ex. financial, human, material);
.. assisting in the implementation of public policies.
Case Study (two possibilities)
Cities Influence Regions Research(IBGE,2008).
Origin/Destination 2007 Research(Metrô, 2008)
A set of Spreadsheets
fluxes data.
Case Study
Cities Influence Regions Research (IBGE,2008)
• Research by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.
• About search of goods and services (ex. universities, tv,
internet, health, transportation).
Origin/Destination 2007 Research (Metrô, 2008)
• Research by São Paulo Subway Company.
• About Urban Mobility and Metropolitan Spaces.
• São Paulo City (460 research areas).
References
TOBLER, W. R. Bidimensional regression. Geographical Analysis, v. 26, n. 3,
p. 187–212, 1994.
TOBLER, W. RTOBLER, W. R. (1987). Experiments in Migration Mapping by
Computer. American Cartographer, 1987.
.
TOBLER, TOBLER, W. R. Three Presentations on Geographical Analysis and
Modeling. Technical Report 93-1, 1993.
CAUVIN, C. A systemic approach to transport accessibility. a metodology
developed in strasbourg: 1982-2002. Cybergeo, n. 311, 2005.
CAUVIN, C. Cognitive and cartographic representations: Towards a
compreensive approach. Cybergeo, n. 206, 2002. 16
DIAS, M. H.; CAUVIN, C.; ALEGRIA, M. F. Comparação de configurações
cartográficas através da regressão bidimensional. Finisterra, v. 35, n. 69, p.95–
107.
KRUSCAL J. B.; WISH, M. Multidimensional Scaling. Quantitative Aplications in
The Social Sciences. Eric M. Uslaner. 1978.
References
IBGE. Regiões de Influência das Cidades. Rio de Janeiro - RJ: Instituto
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 2008.
METRÔ. Pesquisa OD 2007. 2008. Disponível em:
<http://www.metro.sp.gov.br/empresa/pesquisas/od_2007/teod02.shtml>.
Acesso em: 15 agosto 2009. 20
FRIEDMAN, A.; KOHLER, B. Bidimensional regression: Assessing the configural
similarity and accuracy of cognitive maps and other two dimensional data sets.
Psychological Methods, v. 8, n. 4, p. 468-491, 2003.
CÂMARA, G.; VINHAS, L.; QUEIROZ, G.; FERREIRA, K., MONTEIRO, A.M.V;
CARVALHO, M. T.; CARTAXO, R.; CASANOVA, M. A.; FREITAS, U. M. TerraLib:
An open-source GIS library for large-scale environmental and socio-economic
applications.
In:
G.
B.
Hall,
M.
Leahy
(eds.), Open Source Approaches to Spatial Data Handling. Berlin,
Springer-Verlag, 2008.
End