An Assessment of Institutional Repository Initiatives in

Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015
ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.
http://www.cisjournal.org
An Assessment of Institutional Repository Initiatives in Higher
Education Institutions in Brazil
1
1 Assistant
2
S. Dhanavandan, 2 A.Isabella Mary
Librarian, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Gandhigram-624 302, Dindigul Dt. TN.
Research Scholar, Dept. of Library and Information Science, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University
Gandhigram-624 302, Dindigul Dt. TN.
1 [email protected], 2 [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses number of institutional repositories, software used, what are the content available in IR, which
language mostly used in Brazil. Currently the intellectual output of the educators and the organization plays an essential
role in the education knowledge process of a Higher Educational Institution. Articles; Theses; Unpublished; Books;
Datasets etc are scattered in many places of an institution in print and electronic form. Therefore it is essential to collect,
classify, arrange and store these materials digitally in a single platform by establishing Institutional Repository (IR) and to
provide easy access to them over intranet/internet to the institute community and others. The 84 repositories are available
in Bazil country with consists of total 11, 17,688 number of records. But only one repository namely BDSF (Biblioteca
Digital do Senado Federal) repositories have more than two lakhs records.
Keywords: Institutional Repository, Brazil, software
1. INTRODUCTION
An institutional repository (IR) is an online
archive for collecting, preserving, and disseminating
digital copies of the intellectual output of an institution,
particularly a research institution. An institutional
repository can be viewed as a "...a set of services that a
university offers to members of its community for the
management and dissemination of digital materials
created by the institution and its community
members. This
includes
materials
such
as monographs, academic journal articles, both preprints
and post prints undergoing peer review, as well as
electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs).
Dr S.R. Ranganathan’s five laws of library
science enforce on the thought of providing the right
information to the right users on right time by making the
document available to the user irrespective of users and
the place of the document. An institutional repository
might also include other digital assets generated by
academics, such as administrative documents, course
notes, learning objects, or conference proceedings.
Deposit of material in an institutional repository
is sometimes mandated by that institution. Some of the
main objectives for having an institutional repository are
to provide open access to institutional research output
by self-archiving it, to create global visibility for an
institution's scholarly research, and to store and preserve
other institutional digital assets, including unpublished or
otherwise easily lost literature such as theses or technical
reports.
We may define IR shortly as 'a digital archive of
an intellectual product created by the staff and students of
an individual institution so as to make it available and
accessible by the end users within the institution in eform'. IR is a very powerful initiative that can serve as an
engine of change for any institution and become an
indispensable component for information and knowledge
sharing in the scholarly world. IR provides a method for
capturing and maintaining today's electronic resources, so
that tomorrow's scholars can use and understand the
thinking behind the published records.
2. WHAT ARE INSTITUTIONAL
REPOSITORIES?
Institutional repositories are digital collections of
the outputs created within a university or research
institution. Whilst the purposes of repositories may vary
in most cases, they are established to provide Open
Access to the institution’s research output. Repositories
adhere to an internationally agreed set of technical
standards that means that they expose the metadata of
each item in their contents on the Web in the same basic
way. In other words, they are ‘interoperable’. This
common protocol to which they all adhere is called the
open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata
Harvesting. The contents of all repositories are then
indexed by Web search engines such as Google and
Google Scholar, creating online Open Access databases of
freely-available global research. As the level of selfarchiving grows the Open Access corpus will represent an
increasingly large proportion of the scholarly literature.
3. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY




It will help to develop a national research
repository infrastructure by setting up,
populating and linking individual repositories;
It will stimulate development of services that
draw on research information made available
through the repository infrastructure;
It will provide a window that gives open access
to improve the sponsoring institution’s visibility
and status;
It will support the open-access model of
publication.
31
Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015
ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.
http://www.cisjournal.org
4. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE
STUDY
This study is only limited to open access
Institutional Repositories which are listed in the DOAR.
It is only considered in Brazil and other countries are not
considered.
5. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following objectives are framed
a. To know the name and strength of IRs in Brazil
b. To identify the contents available in the IRs in
Brazil
c. To identify the various software used in IRs
d. To elicit languages used in IRs
6. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This study is aimed to discuss about the
Institutional Repositories available in Brazil. The
respected sources were collected from Open DOAR
directory. In Brazil the name of the repositories and their
strength are shown in table-1
Table 1: Institutional Repository in Brazil Vs Name of Institutions
SL.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Name of the Institution Repository
Acervo Digital da Unesp
ARES - Acervo De Recursos Educacionais Em Saúde
Banco Internacional de Objetos Educacionais
Bibioteca Digital Ação Educativa
Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações
BDBComp (Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Computação)
Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo
(BDPI/USP)
Biblioteca Digital da UNICAMP
Biblioteca Digital de Monografias (BDM)
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da Universidade de São Paulo (Digital
Library USP)
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações Eletrônicas da UERJ
Biblioteca Digital do IDP
BDSF (Biblioteca Digital do Senado Federal)
Biblioteca Digital Jurídica do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (BDJur)
Biblioteca Multimídia
Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - Minisétrio da Saúde (BVS)
Biblioteca Virtual Sobre Corrupcao
Brasiliana USP
Carpe dIEN
CBPF Index
Central de Informações sobre Cooperação Jurídica Internacional (Information
Center on International Legal Cooperation)
DSpace at UFPR
Guaiaca
Infoteca-e
ARCA (Institutional Repository of Fiocruz)
Jobim
Livre Saber - Repositorio Digital de Materiais Didaticos
Livro Aberto
Lume - Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
PePSIC - Electronic Psychology Journals (Portal de Periódicos Eletrônicos de
Psicologia (PePSIC))
Projeto Maxwell (MAXWELL)
RCTI
Repositório Acadêmico de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação (RABCI)
Repositório de Dados Eleitorais
Repositório de Divulgação das Produções Científicas e Técnicas da UFGD
Repositório de Outras Coleções Abertas (ROCA)
Repositório de Publicações Cientificas da Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Repositório de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
No. of
IR
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
No. of
Records
89645
1437
19835
2157
0
16320
40810
1
1
1
1
42528
8717
0
49714
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
7989
1197
244830
25168
0
0
1340
7661
255
9152
338
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
16795
335
29481
6289
9701
1364
492
104386
53358
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
16604
126
422
73
110
2542
125
0
32
Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015
ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.
http://www.cisjournal.org
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Repositório Digital da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul
Repositório Eletrônico - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias
Repositório Eletrônico Institucional (REI)
Ri - INT (Repositório Institucional - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia)
Repositório Institucional da ENAP
Repositório Institucional da Fundação Centro Tecnológico de Minas Gerais
Repositório Institucional da Fundação João Pinheiro
Repositório Institucional da PUCRS
Repositório Institucional da UFPE
Repositório Institucional da UFRB
Repositório Institucional da UFSC
Repositório Institucional da UFVJM
Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Brasília (RIUnB)
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal da Bahia (RI/UFBA)
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Goiás
RIUFLA (Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Lavras)
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Sergipe
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (RI UFU)
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Acre
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Pará (RIUFPA)
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense (RIUFF)
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (RIUT)
Repositório Institucional de Produção Científica da ENSP
Repositório Institucional do UniCEUB
Repositório Institucional Rede CEDES
Repositório Institucional UFMS (RIUFS)
Repositório Institucional UNESP
SabeRES (Repositório Saberes em Gestão Pública)
Repositório UEPG
REPOSCOM (Repositórios Institucionais em Ciências da Comunicação)
Repositorio Digital
Repositorio Institucional da Fundacao Santo Andre
Repositorio Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará
Alice (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa)
RIDI - Repositório Institucional Digital do Ibict
Roca
SciELO Public Health
SciELO Social Sciences
Scientific Electronic Library Online - Brazil (SciELO - Brazil)
Total
Table 1 shows the name of the Institutional
repository are available in the Bazil. The 84 repositories
are available in Bazil country with consists of total 11,
17,688 number of records. Among the 84,
BDSF (Biblioteca
Digital
do
Senado
Federal)
repositories have more than two lakhs records and Lume
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
84
246
338
190
0
425
1156
106
479
6208
47
281
48462
1
15416
14835
1042
4347
4
886
4237
200
262
3664
3828
5530
213
911
14605
5242
151
1851
72358
0
536
10138
5272
231
8944
54332
408
2542
1609
120
14739
1117688
- Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul repository have more than one lakh
records. But, it is highlighted that among the 84
repositories, 8 repositories has no single records in their
repositories
.
33
Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015
ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.
http://www.cisjournal.org
S.n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Table 2: Distribution of Software using IRs in Brazil
Software
No. of IR
Percent
Cumulative Percent
Corisco
1
1.19
1.19
ETD-db
1
1.19
2.38
Maxwell
1
1.19
3.57
Nou-Rau
1
1.19
4.76
Drupal
2
2.38
7.14
SciELO
4
4.76
11.9
TEDE
4
4.76
16.66
DSpace
63
75.00
91.66
Not Mentioned
7
8.33
100
Total
84
100.00
Table 2 indicates the list of software are using in
the institutional repositories in Brazil. Among the 84
repositories, 63 (75%) repositories are using DSpace
software, 4(4.8%) repositories are established by equally
using SciELO and TEDE software and 2(2.4%) repository
S.n
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
are generated by using Drupal software. Finally 7 (8.3%)
repository are not specified their software in the DOAR.
So, it is evident from the table, DSpace software occupy
the first position among the institutional repositories in
Brazil.
Table 3: Distribution of Contents in IRs in Brazil
Content
No. of IR Percent
Articles; Conferences; Theses
1
1.19
Articles; Multimedia
1
1.19
Articles; Theses; Books; Special
1
1.19
Articles; Theses; Unpublished; Special
1
1.19
Conferences; Unpublished
2
2.38
Datasets
1
1.19
References; Books
1
1.19
Articles; Books
2
2.38
Articles; References
2
2.38
Articles; Theses
2
2.38
Articles; Theses; Unpublished; Books; Datasets
2
2.38
Books
2
2.38
Multimedia; Special
2
2.38
Theses; Books
2
2.38
Theses; Multimedia
2
2.38
Theses; Unpublished
2
2.38
Articles; Theses; Multimedia
3
3.57
Articles; Conferences; Theses; Books
4
4.76
Learning Objects; Multimedia; Software
5
5.95
Articles; Theses; Books
7
8.33
Articles
10
11.90
Theses
11
13.10
Articles; Conferences; Theses; Books; Learning Objects;
18
21.43
Multimedia
Total
84
100.00
Cumulative Percent
1.19
2.38
3.57
4.76
7.14
8.33
9.52
11.9
14.28
16.66
19.04
21.42
23.8
26.18
28.56
30.94
34.51
39.27
45.22
53.55
65.45
78.55
100
Table 3 indicates distribution types of contents
listed in the institutional repositories in Brazil. Among the
84 repositories in Brazil, 18(21.4%) repositories for
Articles/Conferences/Theses/Books/Learning
Objects/Multimedia, 10(11.9%) repositories for only
articles is generated and 11(13.1%) repositories for theses
is generated. It is found that most institutional repositories
are holding the Articles; Conferences; Theses; Books;
Learning Objects; Multimedia is the major contents.
34
Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015
ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.
http://www.cisjournal.org
S. No
1
2
3
4
Table 4: Distribution of Languages using IRs in Brazil
Languages
No. of IR
Percent
Cumulative Percent
Spanish
1
1.2
100.0
English; Spanish; Portuguese
9
10.7
10.7
Portuguese/English
13
15.5
98.8
Portuguese
61
72.6
83.3
Total
84
100.0
9(10.7%)
are
using
English/Spanish/Portuguese
languages. It is concluded that, most of the repositories
are also used Portuguese languages but only one
repository are generated by using Spanish language only.
Table 4 stated the distribution languages are
used in the institutional repositories in Brazil. Among the
84 repositories, 61(72.6%) repositories are in only
Portuguese, 13(15.5%) are using Portuguese/English and
S. No
1
Table 5: IRs in Brazil Vs No. of Records
Size of the IR
No. of IR Percent Cumulative Percent
1-5000
44
52.38
52.38
2
5001-10000
11
13.10
65.48
3
4
10001-20000
9
10.71
76.19
20001-30000
2
2.38
78.57
5
40001-50000
4
4.76
83.33
6
7
50001-60000
2
2.38
85.71
70001-80000
1
1.19
86.90
8
80001-90000
1
1.19
88.09
9
10
Above 100000
2
2.38
90.48
100.00
Not specified
8
9.52
Total
84
100.00
The table 5 indicates the institutional repositories
in Brazil were classified based on the no. of records
available in the repositories. The no. of records were
classified under following frequency. It is classified like
that up to 5000, 5001-10000, 10001-20000, 20001-30000,
30001-40000, 40001-50000, 50001-60000, 70001-80000,
80001-90000 and above 100000 records which are
S.n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
available in the sources. Among the 84 repositories, 44
(52.38%) has below 5000 records, 11(13.10%) has more
than 5000 but below 10000 records. It is found that 2
(2.38%) repositories are having more than 100000 records
in the collections and 8 (9.52%) repositories are not
specified the collection of the Institute.
Table 6: Relation between Content and Languages in IRs in Brazil
English/
Portugues Portuguese/
Content
Spanish/
e
English
Portuguese
Articles
4(4.76)
3(3.57)
3(3.57)
Articles; Books
1(1.19)
1(1.19)
0
Articles; Conferences; Theses
0
1(1.19)
0
Articles; Conferences; Theses; Books
1(1.19)
3(3.57)
0
Articles; Conferences; Theses; Books;
3(3.57)
15(17.86)
0
Learning Objects; Multimedia
Articles; Multimedia
0
1(1.19)
0
Articles; References
0
2(2.38)
0
Articles; Theses
0
2(2.38)
0
Articles; Theses; Books
0
3(3.57)
4(4.76)
Articles; Theses; Books; Special
0
1(1.19)
0
Articles; Theses; Multimedia
0
3(3.57)
0
Articles; Theses; Unpublished; Books;
0
1(1.19)
1(1.19)
Datasets
Spanish
Total
0
0
0
0
10(11.90)
2(2.38)
1(1.19)
4(4.76)
0
18(21.43)
0
0
0
0
0
0
1(1.19)
2(2.38)
2(2.38)
7(8.33)
1(1.19)
3(3.57)
0
2(2.38)
35
Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015
ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.
http://www.cisjournal.org
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Articles; Theses; Unpublished; Special
Books
Conferences: Unpublished
Datasets
Learning Objects; Multimedia;
Software
Multimedia; Special
References; Books
Theses
Theses; Books
Theses; Multimedia
Theses; Unpublished
Total
0
0
0
0
1(1.19)
2(2.38)
0
1(1.19)
0
0
2(2.38)
0
0
0
0
0
1(1.19)
2(2.38)
2(2.38)
1(1.19)
0
5(5.95)
0
0
5(5.95)
0
0
0
0
0
0
9(10.71)
1(1.19)
1(1.19)
8(9.52)
2(2.38)
2(2.38)
2(2.38)
61(72.62)
1(1.19)
0
2(2.38)
0
0
0
13(15.48)
0
0
1(1.19)
0
0
0
1(1.19)
2(2.38)
1(1.19)
11(13.10)
2(2.38)
2(2.38)
2(2.38)
84(100)
Table 6 indicates relation between of contents
and languages used in the institutional repositories in
Brazil. Among the 84 repositories in Brazil, 15(17.86%)
repositories content for Articles; Conferences; Theses;
Books; Learning Objects; Multimedia in Portuguese
language and 10 (11.90%) repositories are provide only
article. It is found that only one repository is available by
Spanish for theses purpose.
Chi-Square Tests
Value Df
Pearson Chi-Square
61.757 69
Likelihood Ratio
59.526 69
N of Valid Cases
84
The Chi-square test is applied for further
discussion. The computed Chi-square value is 61.757 and
the degrees of freedom value is 69 which is higher than its
tabulated value at 5 percent level of significance. Hence
S. No
Software
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Corisco
Drupal
DSpace
ETD-db
Maxwell
Nou-Rau
SciELO
Not specified
TEDE
Total
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
.720
.785
the difference among the institutional repositories with
respect content and languages is statistically identified as
not significant
.
Table 7: Relationship between Language and Software
Languages
English/ Spanish/
Portuguese
Portuguese/English
Portuguese
0
1(1.19)
0
1(1.19)
1(1.19)
0
5(5.95)
47(55.95)
10(11.90)
0
0
1(1.19)
0
1(1.19)
0
0
1(1.19)
0
3(3.57)
0
1(1.19)
0
6(7.14)
1(1.19)
0
4(4.76)
0
9(10.71)
61(72.61)
13(15.47)
Spanish
0
0
1(1.19)
0
0
0
0
0
0
1(1.19)
Total
1(1.19)
2(2.38)
63(75.00)
1(1.19)
1(1.19)
1(1.19)
4(4.76)
7(8.33)
4(4.76)
84(100)
Table 7 shows the relationship between
languages used in institutional repositories in Brazil and
Software. Among the 84, 63(75.00) repositories used in
Dspace which includes 47(55.95%) Portuguese language
and 10(11.90%) repositories in Portuguese/English
languages. Some of the software like Corisco, ETD-db,
Maxwell and Nou-Rau used in only one repository in
Brazil. It is pointed out that 7 (8.33%) repositories are not
specified languages used in their respective sources.
36
Vol. 6, No. 1 January 2015
ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2015 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.
http://www.cisjournal.org
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
N of Valid Cases
Chi-Square Tests
Value
Df
31.654
24
25.624
24
84
The Chi-square test is applied for further
discussion with respect of languages using in Institutional
repositories versus software. The computed Chi-square
value is 31.654 and the degrees of freedom value is 24
which is higher than its tabulated value at 5 percent level
of significance.
Hence the difference among the
institutional repositories in software and languages is
statistically identified as significant.
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http://www.iclc.us/cliej/cl38DT.pdf
[8]
Digital
Library
of
fromhttp://www.dli.ernet.in/
[9]
Griffin, Stephen M. (2002). NSF/DARPA/NASA
Digital Libraries Initiative: A Program Manager's
Perspective: D-Lib Magazine.
Doi:
10.1045/july98-griffin.
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Jain, P.K &Babber, Parveen (2006). Digital Library
initiatives in India. The International Information
&
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38,
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161-169.
Doi:10.1016/j.iilr.2006.06.003
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Kashmir Knowledge open Repository (Knoor).
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Kuny, T. (1998). Digital Library Projects:
European Commission Telemetric for Libraries
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7. FINDINGS
The 84 repositories are available in Bazil country
with consists of total 11, 17,688 number of records.
Among the 84, BDSF (Biblioteca Digital do Senado
Federal) repositories have more than two lakhs records.
In Brazil 63 (75%) repositories are using
DSpace software, 4(4.8%) repositories are established by
equally using SciELO and TEDE software and 2(2.4%)
repository are generated by using Drupal software.
The 61(72.6%) repositories are in only
Portuguese, 13(15.5%) are using Portuguese/English and
9(10.7%) are using English/Spanish/Portuguese languages
8. CONCLUSION
Institutional Repositories have a vital role in that
removing access barriers will accelerate research, enrich
education, and share learning. Analysis of institutional
repositories in Brazil is not sufficient when comparing the
growth of higher educational institutions. So, the library
professionals trying to make the necessary initiatives to
create the institutional repositories more. It is good effort
for accessing all the IR in one place all over the world.
REFERENCES
[1]
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Ranganathan, Shiyali Ramamrita. "The five laws of
library science.", Madras: The Madras Library
Association, 1931)
Anil Kumar, H. (2006). Knowledge Management
Strategies for Effective Management Libraries,
Digital Libraries in Knowledge Management.
Sreekumar, M.G. (et al). Ed. New Delhi:
Ess.pp.72-92.
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
.136
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India.
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Ashalatha, et al. Building institutional repository:
A overview.OCLC Sys. & Serv., 2007, 23, 78-86.
37