Proceratophrys moratoi
Transcrição
Proceratophrys moratoi
Herpetology Notes, volume 4: 095-096 (2011) (published online on 24 February 2011) Discovery of the fifth population of a threatened and endemic toad of the Brazilian Cerrado, Proceratophrys moratoi (Anura, Cycloramphidae) Fábio Maffei*, Flávio Kulaif Ubaid and Jorge Jim Proceratophrys moratoi (Jim & Caramaschi, 1980) is a toad endemic to Cerrado, in the central region of São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. It has a small size (SVL up to 35 mm) and occurs in open areas of low vegetation near small streams and swamp areas (Jim and Caramaschi, 1980). Its reproductive season ranges from mid-October to February, vocalizing during the day as the night (Jim and Caramaschi, 1980). This toad (formely described as Odontophrynus moratoi) is present in the list of endangered species in Brazil and São Paulo State, being included in the categories “Criticallly Endangered” and “Vulnerable”, respectively (Machado et al., 2008; Garcia et al., 2008). Currently, P. moratoi is known to occur in four areas: District of Rubião Júnior, Botucatu Municipality (type locality, Jim and Caramaschi 1980); Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Brotas Municipality (Brasileiro, Martins and Jim, 2008); São Carlos Municipality (Carvalho Jr., Kleinsorge and Fusinatto, 2010); and Jardim Botânico de Bauru, Bauru Municipality (Rolim et al., 2010). All areas are located in a perimeter of less than 120km. On 15 October 2009, at around 5:40 pm, ten P. moratoi males were recorded vocalizing in a Cerrado remnant at Recreio Farm, Avaré Municipality, São Paulo State (22º 53.227’S 48º 56.803’W; 675 m altitude). The species calling was heard from more than 400 m and two males were found through active search. The males were vocalizing on the soil, in small burrows dug at the base of Brachiaria sp., in an area of very compacted bare soil (Fig. 1). The males were spread over an open area in an abandoned road between an eucalyptus (Eucalyptus saligna) plantation and a fountain. One individual was collected and included in the Scientific Collection Jorge Jim, located at Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18618-000, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author. Biociências, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil (voucher CCJJ 7900, Fig. 2). The species was recorded in two following visits (November and December 2009). The species vocalized from a dry site at more than 20 m from a humid area with no water accumulation. Visiting the remaining occurrence sites, we notice that the species uses flooded areas near small watercourse and prefer sandy soils. In Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, where the species was found during the reproduction period, it was found in gallery forests (Brasileiro, 2004). The present record is the fifth P. moratoi known population. The new locality is close to the type locality (~45 km), where the species has not been recorded over 10 years (Garcia et al., 2010). The largest known population occurs in Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, where 282 captures were done by means of pitfall traps in more than two years of study (Brasileiro, 2004). Bauru and São Carlos populations are apparently smaller, with a maximum of 15 calling males recorded simultaneously (Carvalho Jr., Kleinsorge and Fusinatto, 2010; Rolim et al., 2010). The native vegetation areas of the biome Cerrado in São Paulo State are currently restricted to 211.925 ha distributed into around eight thousand small fragments, half of which are smaller than 10 ha (Kronka et al., 2005; SMA, 2008). São Paulo State is one of the Figure 1. Proceratophrys moratoi calling at the base of Brachiaria sp. Photo: Flávio K. Ubaid. 96 Fábio Maffei et al. Acknowledgements. We thank Duratex S.A. and Fundibio for research support, Instituto Chico Mendes de ��������������� Conservação da Biodiversidade for the research permission (License SISBIO 18115-1��) and ���� Roger ������ F. ��� ������������������������������������������ Vicente for helping during the field work. References Figure 2. Proceratophrys moratoi collected at municipality of Avaré, São Paulo state. Photo: Fábio Maffei. most studied regions in Brazil (Araujo et al., 2009). Nevertheless, P. moratoi distribution map (Fig. 3) shows a gap between the records near the type locality (Avaré and Bauru) and the records eastwards (Brotas and São Carlos), indicating that the occurrence of the species is particularly restricted, but this new finding suggests that further searches may lead to the discovery of new populations in this intermediate area. Figure 3. Distribution map of Proceratophrys moratoi. Red circle: this study; black circles: 1 – Botucatu (type locality); 2 – Brotas; 3 – São Carlos; 4 - Bauru. Brazil map on detail. Yellow polygon – potential prior distribution; red polygon – new area of potential occurrence. Brasileiro, C.A. (2004): Diversidade de anfíbios anuros em área de cerrado no Estado de São Paulo. Unpublished Doctoral thesis. Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. Brasileiro, C.A., Martins, I.A., Jim, J. (2008): Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae, Odontophrynus moratoi: Distribution extension and advertisement call. Check List 4: 382-385. Carvalho Jr., R.R., Kleinsorge, J.M.D., Fusinatto, L.A. (2010): Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae, Odontophrynus moratoi Jim and Caramaschi, 1980: Filling gaps. ������������������� Discovery of a new population in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Che���� ck List 6: 36-37. Garcia, P.C.A., Sawaya, R.J., Martins, I.A., Brasileiro, C.A., Verdade, V., Jim, J., Segalla, M.V., Martins, M., Rossa-Feres, D.C., Haddad, C.F.B., Toledo, L.F., Prado, C.P.A., Berneck B.M., Araújo. O.G.S. (2009): Anfíbios. In: Fauna Ameaçada de Extinção do Estado de São Paulo: Vertebrados, p. 329-347. Bressan, P.M., Kierulff, M.C.M., Sugieda, A.M., Eds., São Paulo, Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo. Jim, J., Caramaschi, U. (1980): Uma nova espécie de Odontophrynus da região de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura). Rev. Bras. Biol. 40: 357-360. Kronka, F.J.N., Nalon, M.A., Matsukuma, C.K., Kanashiro, M.M., Ywane, M.S.S., Lima, L.M.P.R., Guillaumon, J.R., Barradas, A.M.F., Pavão, M., Manetti, L.A., Borgo, S.C. (2005): Monitoramento da vegetação natural e do reflorestamento no Estado de São Paulo. In: Anais do XII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Goiânia, p. 1569-1576, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. Machado, A.B.M., Drummond, G.M., Paglia, A.P. (2008): Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção. Volume 2. Brasília, Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Fundação Biodiversitas. Rolim, D.C., Martinez, R.A.M., Almeida, S.C., Ubaid, F.K., Maffei, F., Jim, J. (2010): Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae, Proceratophrys moratoi (Jim and Caramaschi, 1980): Distribution extension and new altitudinal record in state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Check List 6: 576-578. SMA. (2008): Resolução SMA 62/2008. Secretaria de Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo. Eletronic ������������������������������ Database accessible at www.ambiente.sp.gov.br/legislacao/estadual/resolucoes/ Resolucao_SMA_62_2008.pdf. São Paulo, Brazil. Accessed on 8 December 2010. Accepted by Angelica Crottini