International Artillery Symposium - Freundeskreis der Artillerietruppe

Transcrição

International Artillery Symposium
German Artillery School
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POC: Lieutenant Colonel Lutz Altekrüger
Phone: +49 6781 51-2559
E-Mail: [email protected]
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IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY
October 06 – 10, 2014
CONTENT
5INTRODUCTION
Colonel Fiepko Kolman,
Deputy Commander of German Artillery School and Deputy General of German Artillery
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LEADING ARTICLE
“Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire (JFS/ IndirF)”
Lieutenant General Bruno Kasdorf, Chief of Staff, Army, STRAUSBERG
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INPUT ARTICLE
Capability Development from a Single Source
Major General Erhard Drews, Commander Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center,
COLOGNE
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INPUT ARTICLE
Joint Fire Support (JFS)
Major General Walter Spindler, Commander Army Training Command, LEIPZIG
SCHEDULE
19ARRIVAL
21 MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 1
25DEPARTURE
27EXHIBITORS
29
VENUE & ACCOMODATION
32
Imprint
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EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Military and industry speakers are kindly requested to make the contributions/ articles available on a
data medium for being included in the next artillery magazine ZU GLEICH in december 2014.
Preferably in english and german.
International Artillery Symposium 2014
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October 06 – 10, 2014
Introduction
Colonel Fiepko Kolman, Deputy Commander of German Artillery School and
Deputy General of German Artillery
I have the great pleasure to welcome you to the International Artillery Symposium
2014 at the Artillery School in IDAR-OBERSTEIN.
Brigadier General Hupka, the acting School Commander, asked me to give his
best regards to you. His duty location is currently TAMPA/FLA, where he is Chief,
German Liaison Team with USCENTCOM until early 2015.
This annual International Artillery Symposium has become a tradition meanwhile,
emphasizing the increasing significance of the multinational integration of our
armed forces and in particular field artillery.
International operations such as the 12 years in AFGHANISTAN showed us clearly
the capabilities and limitations of multinationality. The lessons learned there form
the basis for further considerations regarding international cooperation. It can be
stated that in many cases we have had a much better multinational cooperation in
theater than during routine operation, training and exercises.
‘Joint’ and ‘combined’ are the two challenges we have to cope with. Although the
‘combined’ approach is very hard to implement we sometimes have to realize that
‘joint’ can even harder be achieved. At times it may be easier to come to terms with
a French gunner than with German Air Force.
Regarding the ‘combined’ approach, however, we can produce a number of
achievements. There are the ASCA interface, the EFCS of the MLRS launcher,
the PzH 2000 training cooperation with our Dutch friends, the DEU/AUT/CHE/NLD
Artillery Talks, to mention only some prominent examples.
All our efforts have only one goal, to optimize the effectiveness, the striking power
of the forces employed. Quite honestly, the available financial resources in almost
all nations will force us to increase and extend cooperation, more or less gently.
Considering only the cooperation of field artillery and mortars falls short of the
mark. We gunners, the core element of Joint Fire Support, will have to live up to our
spearheading role in concentrating effects, bringing to bear our expertise.
Joint training, exercises and operations must be intensified step by step, as well
as the efforts to standardize equipment, to take full advantage of the available
resources. Only if we succeed in doing so we will have done our homework, making
sure that our soldiers stand their ground in operations with equal training and
equally good equipment.
I wish all of us some interesting days with lively debates, fruitful exchange of ideas
and new concepts and thoughts to cope with the emerging challenges.
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October 06 – 10, 2014
“Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire (JFS/ IndirF)”
a contribution of the Army to joint mission
performance and international training cooperation
Lieutenant General Bruno Kasdorf, Chief of Staff, Army, STRAUSBERG
The initial situation
The Objective
Germany’s Army Command is not the only military
command to be forced to gear its concepts and
activities to the need to consolidate because of tight
financial and demographic resources, but also to
anticipate the requirements of future operations.
Unlike NATO’s operative Joint Fire process, the
German approach to JFS is geared to direct support at
tactical level. Given the large number of national and
multinational sensors, airborne, sea and land based
weapon systems and command and control systems,
JFS is a complex task. It is essential to orchestrate
the available reconnaissance, target acquisition and
target engagement spectrum without time-consuming
planning and decision-making processes to ensure
fire support of patrols, convoys, platoons, maneuver
companies or task forces against unexpected targets
at tactical level. It is irrelevant who provides fire
support and by means of what weapon systems.
The crucial factor is that fire of the quality required is
delivered on target and in time.
The framework conditions for preventive security in
Germany have changed fundamentally over the past
twenty years. Today we are facing an unpredictable
and ever increasing number of regional conflicts
with a risk potential by the activities of asymmetric
opponents. In that contect controlling urban centers
is essential for establishing and maintaining public
order. Our own forces regularly have to operate in
large urban areas, always in direct contact with the
civilian population, and often enough it is hardly
possible to tell uninvolved persons from opponents.
Also, they are frequently employed in overextended
areas where an opponent may unexpectedly gain
superiority, albeit limited in space and time.
During such operations the projection of kinetic effect
is an indispensable precondition for success. Besides
the capability of exercising rapid, flexible and precise
escalation and de-escalation, the essential factors
in such operations are ensuring force protection,
preventing collateral damage, and complying with
the restrictions imposed by Rules of Engagement. In
addition, the need for the military leader to be advised
in questions of fire support in land operations must
also be satisfied
Operations in Afghanistan in the area of responsibility
of RC North exemplified for the first time how the above
mentioned requirements to Joint Fire Support were
successfully met. During live firing JFS demonstrated
its capabilities, its importance and its relevance and
proved that with standardized procedures, high-quality
training and common thinking and acting even under
the most difficult conditions successful fire support can
be provided in a “joint and combined” approach.
Implementation
JFS is coordinated and performed by the German
Army within the scope of tasks carried out for all arms
and services of the Bundeswehr - in other words: the
German Army performs an interservice function.
Within the Army the artillery has lead responsibility
representing the main element of fire support. Apart
from the Army Aviation’s TIGER attack helicopter the
artillery with its formations provides the majority of the
target engagement and target acquisition systems
as the Army contribution to JFS. Also the majority of
the JFS coordination elements are structurally and
procedurally replicated by the artillery. In addition,
the artillery is also responsible for all team training of
the coordination elements.
The chief tasks of all JFS coordination elements are
joint fire support planning, coordination at the relevant
levels, and its implementation. Finally, the artillery
performs advisory functions for commanders, military
leaders and headquarters regarding the capabilities
of the weapon systems employed at the various
tactical levels.
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October 06 – 10, 2014
Figure 1:
JFS Coordination
Elements
The tactical freedom of action of own forces can be
significantly enhanced for military leaders conducting
land operations mainly by using the capability profile of
artillery battalions and the capabilities of airborne and
sea-based weapon systems. They are in a position
to project rapid and precise stand-off effects against
a broad target spectrum in almost any weather conditions, by day and night, under threat and even in
complex terrain. One-on-one combat situations can
thus be avoided or minimized, battles can be decided
before they start. In addition, the prerequisites can be
established for responding flexibly and promptly to the
development of the situation and for creating and shif
ting main efforts as required with the aim to gain and
maintain the initiative on the ground with fire support.
The artillery with its four re-structured battalions supports land operations in all task and intensity spectrums. With their new internal structure the artillery
battalions are adjusted to the requirements of today’s
and future operational scenarios and practically have
the same organization; for the first time each formation features nearly all capabilities - command and
control, reconnaissance and target acquisition as well
as target engagement. Using the ADLER command,
control and weapon employment system, a central
ele
ment of JFS, and the interface teams all command, control, coordination and weapon systems in
the JFS integrated system can seamlessly exchange
the data required for fire support.
Even now the ASCA interface (Artillery Systems
Cooperation Activities) permits real-time cooperation
between France, Italy, Turkey, the United States
and Germany that extends even to live firing. The
extraordinary capability for international cooperation
is emphasized by the very good results of common
8
artillery firings during multinational exercises such as
COMBINED ENDEAVOR 2013 at GRAFENWÖHR,
BOLD QUEST in the USA in May 2014, and the
participation of German forces in Italian live firing
exercises in spring this year.
Consequences for Training and Internationalization
Standardized NATO procedures apply for JFS when
using Close Air Support (CAS), Close Combat Attack
(CCA), Naval Surface Fire Support (NSFS) und
Indirect Fire (IF). Fire support using ground-based
as well as sea-based and airborne effectors in a
complex operational environment requires technically
competent, very well trained personnel familiar with
working on a multinational scale. Particularly against
the backdrop of maintaining the acquired competence
after Afghanistan and ever tighter resources,
internationalization of training offers an option of
maintaining and raising the level of quality as well
as sustainability in the field of JFS. At the same time
the costs for this complex and lengthy training can be
kept in check.
The German Army is currently improving the JFS
coordination elements training capability at the
future JFS and Indirect Fire Training Unit at IDAROBERSTEIN. Besides indirect fire assets mainly Air
Force and Army Aviation personnel will be integrated
with NSFS to be included for training procedures.
The available infrastructure at the present Artillery
School, the BAUMHOLDER Major Training Area with
its possibilities for CAS and live indirect fire as well as a
nearby fighter bomber wing offer excellent conditions
for training and exercises. This is optimized by the
existing simulator landscape and a NATO-certified
October 06 – 10, 2014
JFST simulator available from 2015. The objective is
to offer international partners the use of these training
facilities for conducting courses in order to provide
a verifiable qualitative and quantitative contribution
to the JFS capability provision to NATO in the
Priority Shortfall Area “Joint Fire” as part of “smart
cooperation”.
Strictly speaking, we have already adopted the
course towards international integration. This is
highlighted, for instance, by the promotion of the
Dutch-Belgian-German project GRIFFIN as well as
the consolidation of the existing training cooperation
with the Netherlands, Austria and France. These
represent already significant development steps
towards a multinationally designed training facility.
Summary and Outlook
In future, the operational effectiveness of land forces
will experience a significant boost by JFS and the
close cooperation with our partner forces - by standoff projection of precise effect with assets adjusted to
the specific area, time and tactical purpose.
JFS is a fine example of what is meant when we talk
about the future viability of land forces: besides the
serious considerations regarding the further development of joint training, contemplating ways of designing training cooperation with foreign partners is of tremendous importance. In a combined effort of sharing
tasks, our Army offers allies and partners many opportunities of integrating their contributions in a flexible
and synergetic way into the Army set of forces - on
the other hand, however, our contributions will have to
stay admissible to international structures, too.
Our objective is to improve - in close cooperation
with our partners - both the operational effectiveness
in standby commitments and permanent missions,
and efficiency in establishing operational readiness
overall. With the JFS/Indirect Fire Training Unit at
IDAR-OBERSTEIN the Army will remain in step with
the National Level of Ambition as it continues to
reliably make its contribution to joint and multinational
operations as a backing partner in an international
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October 06 – 10, 2014
Capability Development from a Single Source
Status Quo – Achievements to Date – Outlook
Major General Erhard Drews, Commander Army Concepts and
Capabilities Development Center, COLOGNE
Army Concepts and Capabilities
Development Center
Single-Stage Capability Development
The implementation of new processes is one of
the focal points in the framework of the Bundes
wehr’s reorientation aimed at a streamlined
and equally effective structure. Along with the
introduction of an Integrated Planning Process
and the amendment of Customer Product
Management (CPM), Army capability development
was fundamentally modified.
Until the end of March 2013 a two-stage system was
used for capability development - with the Future
Development Departments at the Army Schools as
the first and the Army Office as the second level.
After the disbandment of the Future Development
Departments on 31 Mar 2013 and the formation of
the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development
Center on 1 Apr 2013, the single-stage capability
development system was implemented.
significance. In addition, the Center develops
organizational basics, participates in realizing the
target organization, contributes to basing plans, and
prepares infrastructural requirements.
The Army Concepts and Capabilities Development
Center is thus an essential element of the Army for
performing the tasks listed here. The requirement
profile of the armed forces and therefore consequently
of the Army, known as the Level of Ambition, is of
particular importance. Constant comparisons of the
actual requirements to the current capability profile
reveal a delta, i.e. a capability gap, to be closed by
means of specific further developments in the fields
of concepts and materiel, for instance by initiating a
new armaments project.
Mission
For mission accomplishment and in the course of
consistent process orientation, a revolutionary
approach was pursued for the transition from the
Army Office to the Army Concepts and Capabilities
Development Center by establishing a matrix
organization with flat hierarchies in otherwise very
hierarchic structures such as the military.
As directed by the Headquarters of the German
Army the Army Concepts and Capabilities
Development Center is responsible for Army
concepts, further development and organization.
In an overall approach it identifies and prepares all
relevant capabilities, concepts and organizational
foundations for the further development of the Army,
provides guidance for training and instruction, and
assists the Headquarters of the German Army with
preparing contributions to the Bundeswehr Plan. In
the context of future development, contributions to
the Bundeswehr capability posture are of special
Organization
For the purpose of the Army Concepts and Capability
Development Center this organizational design
implies that both the technical and branch-specific
work in the divisions is controlled by capability and
project-oriented coordination, - work that covers
all aspects of Army development planning from
concepts, command and control, training and
instruction, organization to the further development
of equipment. This approach requires and promotes
comprehensive perception and is characterized by
high flexibility and effectiveness.
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October 06 – 10, 2014
Figure 1: Matrix Organization Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center
Accordingly, the Center comprises four divisions:
- Division I
Policy/Integration,
- Division II
Combat,
- Division III Intelligence and Reconnaissance/
Support,
- Division IV C-IED
Pilot Functions
In addition to the original mission, the Army Concepts
and Capabilities Development Center performs pilot
functions for the armed forces and/or the Bundeswehr,
drawing on the branch-specific competence of the
divisions. Capability development tasks in these fields
were transferred to the Army, specifically to the Army
Concepts and Capabilities Development Center.
Apart from the pilot functions in terms of CounterIED, the Bundeswehr HUMINT service and explosive
ordnance disposal, the Joint Fire Support/Indirect
Fire Branch bears overall responsibility for joint fire
support within the Intelligence and Reconnaissance/
Support Division.
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What makes this pilot function for joint fire support
unique is that as a matter of principle it is performed
from a joint and combined perspective. In other words,
it was necessary to overcome the orientation towards
the interests of the own branch to accomplish the
primary tasks of the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch to obtain
a larger overall picture and to include the interests of
the other services and major organizational elements
into the capability development process.
Branch III 2 JFS/ Indirect Fire
The chronological and contents-specific relevance of
the JFS pilot function lies in its joint and multinational
orientation as well as in the significance for operations
across the current and future operational spectrums.
This emphasizes the importance of JFS and indicates
the major responsibility of the Army. The medium-term
goal of the Federal Ministry of Defense for the year
2015 categorizes Joint Fire Support as Intermediate
Objective 1, to be implemented not later than 2019.
Essential JFS projects rank high on the priority list for
the Financial Requirements Analysis.
October 06 – 10, 2014
Besides the overarching JFS pilot function the JFS/
Indirect Fire Branch has the task to ensure the
conceptual development of JFS, of the field artillery
and the whole field of indirect fires for the full mission
spectrum, to update the Joint Fire Support/Indirect
Fire/Field Artillery (artillery) capability posture, to
control the preparation of conceptual targets for the
further development of the structure, organization,
training as well as equipment, and finally to safeguard
the interests of the Army with regard to Fire Support/
Indirect Fire/Field Artillery by the appointment of
Authorized Representatives of the Army under the
amended CPM.
Status quo of Selected Branch III 2 JFS/
Indirect Fire Task Areas
One of the main tasks of the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch
is the preparation of initiatives. The ongoing process
of reconciling the current capability profile with existing
force requirements, which de facto is a continuous
target/actual comparison, entails that initiatives are
prepared to launch an armament project to close an
identified capability gap.
operations, the number of JFST required rises to 72.
Of the total of 72 Joint Fire Support Teams planned,
32 are to be equipped with the FENNEK vehicle. The
vehicles procured to date cover just under a third of
the actual requirement for this vehicle type. Therefore,
the objective of the initiative is to provide these JFST
with a sufficient number of vehicles that have the
necessary protection level and degree of mobility and
tally with the sustainability of the supported infantry
forces.
For the support of armored troops the initiative Joint
Fire Support Team heavy (JFST hvy) was prepared
and submitted to the Planning Office. The capability
gap to be closed with this initiative was identified
with regard to the vehicle equipment for those
JFST allocated to support the mechanized forces.
Currently, there is no suitable vehicle available to
support these forces in all types and intensities
of combat in both symmetrical and asymmetrical
operations. It is therefore the objective of the initiative
to ensure that these JFST are provided with vehicles
whose equipment guarantees the protection level, the
degree of mobility and the sustainability adequate to
the needs of the mechanized forces to be supported.
Preparation of Initiatives – Current Status of JFS Projects
Figure 3: JFSCG Concept
Figure 2: FENNEK JFST
Within the scope of the project Joint Fire Support
Team light, motorized, vehicle type FENNEK,
configuration Joint Fire Support Team, an initiative for
the conversion of scout vehicles to JFST FENNEK
was prepared and submitted to the Bundeswehr
Planning Office through German Army Headquarters.
The intention behind the conversion of unused scout
vehicles to JFST FENNEK was to achieve a capability
gain for Joint Fire Support at an early stage. Since the
HEER2011 Army structure is consistently focused on
The Bundeswehr Planning Office submitted a
positive assessment proposal to the Federal
Ministry of Defense regarding the implementation of
the initiative to establish twelve Joint Fire Support
Coordination Groups (JFSCG). At the brigade and
division levels, JFS command and control will in future
be exercised by JFSCGs. The JFSCGs will thus be
integrated into the brigade and/or division command
post in order to implement the effects requests into
engagement processes. The joint employment of
effectors in the framework of JFS as well as the
multinational
integration
of
armed
forces
place new demands on time and level-appropriate
information supply.
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October 06 – 10, 2014
An integral part of the appropriate C2 facility, all
capabilities required for JFS, for the first time, are
now concentrated functionally, locally and under a
unified command. At the tactical level, the JFSCG
constitutes the interface to other services and allied
nations. The initial operational capability of the
JFSCG is scheduled for the period 2017-2020.
The Technical Data Link Joint Fire Support Interface
Team Initial Operational Capability provides the
JFSCG with the national and multinational information
access to indirect fire, to attack helicopters of the
ground forces as well as to air and naval forces.
Following completion of the required works in the
wake of the operational suitability test, delivery to
the units will occur in parallel with the International
Artillery Symposium on 7 Oct 2014. The interface
team marks a big step toward network enabled
operation capability for JFS. It ensures a smooth,
near-real time and valid information exchange during
operations of all intensities. Initially, a total of four
interface teams will be procured.
expert meetings to afford all persons involved the
opportunity to obtain a common situation picture, to
identify any need for action whenever possible, and
to launch first measures, wherever necessary.
Army Indirect Fire Munitions Expert Meeting
Being responsible for the further development
of indirect fire in the Army, the JFS/Indirect Fire
Branch, in November 2013, organized for the
first time an expert meeting on indirect fires
munitions with the cooperation and participation
of representatives from all major organizational
elements. Participants of the meeting were able to
define a common coordination point for the further
development of the topics and problems discussed
in the field of munitions, including the requirement
and allocation of training ammunition as well as
the development of mortar, rocket, cannon and
precision ammunition. A second Munitions Expert
Meeting is scheduled for October 2014.
Joint Fire Support Expert Meeting
Similar to the Munitions Expert Meeting, the JFS/
Indirect Fire Branch conducted - in the framework of
its JFS pilot function for the Bundeswehr - the first
Joint Fire Support Expert Meeting of the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center in January 2014. The attendance of more than 60 experts
from all major military organizational elements highlighted the great significance of JFS for the armed
forces and emphasized the huge joint interest.
Figure 4: TDL JFS IT IOC
Army, Air Force and Navy prepared mutually
prioritized solution proposals for a Joint Fire Support
Training Simulator to be submitted for selection. A
selection decision can be expected soon, since the
project has already been earmarked in the 2014
Financial Requirements Analysis, thus getting the
budgetary preconditions for a speedy procurement
off the ground.
Activities Reaching Across Subcapabilities
Soon after a dynamic phase of establishing the
Army Concepts and Capabilities Development
Center, the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch initiated several
14
The goal was to establish and/or improve the
manifold work relations to all major military
organizational elements and across all levels,
besides creating a common situation picture and
identifying any need for action in all fields. The focus
of the second JFS Expert Meeting scheduled in late
2014, will be on a review of the discussions held on
topics such as maneuver forces’ requirements in
terms of fire support, lessons learned on operations,
current and future efforts for internationalization as
well as current attempts to improve target locating
accuracy and the use of precision ammunition.
Artillery Command and Control Circuit
Branch III 2 JFS/Indirect Fire was also tasked with
convening the Artillery Command and Control Circuit
to conduct an artillery expert meeting in March 2014.
This meeting was of particular importance and had
an external impact since it was the first one of its kind
held under the responsibility of the Army Concepts
and Capabilities Development Center after its
establishment on 1 Apr 2014.
October 06 – 10, 2014
In addition to the participants who already had
attended the previous expert meetings, the most
important attendees, however, were battalion
commanders and their deputies.
International Training Cooperation
During the meeting, the focus was put on the
comparison of the current state of affairs with future
developments in terms of technology, structures,
procedures and provision of resources, which
resulted in the identification of joint fields of activity
and concrete measures derived from them.
JFS is not a national, German approach. Instead, from
the very beginning, it has been geared towards Joint
and Combined in the light of mission orientation and
standardized multinational planning and operational
procedures. This has a decisive influence on the
development of national doctrine and regulations.
Consequently, both the Tactical Doctrine and
regulations must be compatible with NATO standards
and the equipment, mainly radios, command and
control assets, needs to be interoperable. In this
context, international training cooperation and the
updating of standardization processes may yield
considerable capability gains and a high amount of
knowledge for all parties involved.
The main part of the meeting consisted of
presentations describing the individual situations of
our artillery battalions. Presentations dealing with
all primary staff functions and future challenges
provided all agencies, centers and institutions with
first-hand information about the situation in the units
and enabled them to identify any required support
activities in their respective area of responsibility.
A number of cooperation projects or efforts to
cooperate with European nations in the fields of Joint
Fire Support and artillery are currently being planned
or are to be implemented soon. At present and in
future, JFS offers a significant cooperation potential
since JFS capabilities are being prioritized by partner
nations, have proven well in multinational operations
and are based on NATO standards.
The intention was to show the commanders particularly the immediate instruments and tools offered by
the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development
Center’s JFS/Indirect Fire Branch.
Figure 5: International Cooperation
15
October 06 – 10, 2014
With the JFS Training Center established at the
Artillery School in Idar-Oberstein (in future: JFS/
Indirect Fire Training Unit), DEU has already
implemented a specialized training facility. In
conjunction with the excellent training and exercise
conditions for indirect fire and Close Air Support by
both rotary and fixed wing aircraft on the adjacent
Baumholder Military Training Area, the JFS/Indirect
Fire training unit offers great potential for further
expansion. The goal is to create a training facility for
joint fire support and indirect fire, where international
instructors teach and international students learn. To
meet this goal all cooperation fields are concentrated
under the responsibility of Branch III 2 JFS/Indirect
Fire both technically and as point of contact for the
cooperation partners.
The main focus is placed on the German-Dutch
cooperation with the project GRIFFIN and the
German-French cooperation with the common
GMLRS (Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System)
Unitary doctrine prepared in 2013/2014. Since late
last year, the Branch has been in direct contact with
AUT regarding a future JFS training cooperation.
Talks with Belgium have commenced in spring of this
year.
Outlook
The streamlined and effective structures introduced
with the HEER2011 Army reorientation process
spawned a new single-stage capability development
that affords the opportunity to advance the operational
capability of both artillery and joint fire support jointly
and across all military organizational elements and
thus contribute to strengthening the overall focus of
the armed forces on missions. This opportunity must
be seized.
In this context, the JFS pilot function is a good example of the benefits that can be attained from armaments and training cooperation when the various
military organizational elements and nations involved
close ranks. It is true that the German artillery with its
only four active battalions looks like a small component at first sight. But the integrated system of systems comprising command, control, reconnaissance,
target acquisition, surveillance and weapon systems
included in each battalion describes a comprehensive system whose elements are the basis for an internationally oriented, successful fire support.
The JFS/Indirect Fire Branch constitutes the agencylevel link tasked with advancing such developments,
and can best be described by its motto:
“Where there’s a will, there’s a way;
where there’s no will, there’s an excuse!”
16
October 06 – 10, 2014
Major General Walter Spindler, Commander Army Training Command, LEIPZIG
JFS
JFS is conceived to use the best suited national or
multinational weapon systems available in the area
of operations to ensure direct and responsive tactical
support in the network of reconnaissance, command
and control, effects, and support. In doing so the Joint
Fire Support Coordination Elements (JFSCE) (for
example Joint Fire Teams (JFST) at the major unit
level) provide advice to the maneuver commanders
and ensure coordination of weapon systems and
employment of both ground-based indirect fire
weapons (artillery, mortar, navy) and airborne
weapon systems. Ensuring appropriate tie-in, the
JFSCE integrates under unified command all eligible
reconnaissance, target location and fire support
systems of the joint/ combined forces to allow near
real time responsive and effective employment of
these systems even at low tactical level. This implies
the capability to provide airspace coordination and
requires coordination elements at the appropriate
level.
Training and Simulation
Current Status
In the field of indirect fire and joint fire support
(Indirect Fire/ JFS), cooperation on training and
instruction is currently maintained and extended with
several European nations. Examples are common
activities with AUSTRIA, FRANCE, SWITZERLAND,
ITALY, GREAT BRITAIN, and the NETHERLANDS,
the latter having been a partner in bi-national
training and instruction projects for over 10 years.
However, extending cooperation hitherto achieved
at the bi-national level to include standardized and
multinational cooperation is new and currently pushed
ahead.
In this context international cooperation is maintained
in highly diverse fields of JFS and Indirect Fire
respectively. While cooperation has been initiated
and already implemented for example with FRANCE
on the medium-range artillery rocket system MARS
II/ Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS),
cooperation with AUSTRIA and the NETHERLANDS
is currently intensified in the field of Joint Fire Support.
Bi- or multinational cooperation, however, still differs
in intensity and depth so that a differentiated analysis
of the respective current status is required.
Training Cooperation
Intensified cooperation efforts with AUSTRIA in
2013 have had a positive impact on development of
cooperation on current and future common training.
For the first time, an Austrian instructor attended the
Joint Fire Support Team course at the German Artillery
School Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire Training
Unit (ZA STF) as an observer. Following coordination
meetings in November 2013 when similar efforts in
building up a JFS organization were outlined, areas
of potential cooperation shall be identified and
enhanced. The fact that there is no “language barrier”
has proven to be a distinct benefit especially with
regard to course-based training.
GERMAN-NETHERLANDS cooperation has been
implemented by creation of the Army Steering
Group (ASG) and is examplary for international
cooperation. Major examples in the field of JFS/
IndirF are increased cooperation on team training
at the German Artillery School Joint Fire Support
Training Unit, and Business Case (BC) 1.1 as part
of the ASG Training & Operations Cluster with the
first training completed in 2013, including live fire
exercise GRIFFIN STRIKE which will be organized
on a larger scale in 2014. BC 1.1 focuses specifically
on Joint Fire Support Team training and instruction
of both nations and enhances cooperation intensity
by successive development of training breadth and
depth.
Simulation
The demands for economic efficiency, limited
availability of major equipment, environmental
17
October 06 – 10, 2014
controls and technical capabilities enhance the
requirement for simulation-based training.
The artillery employs Virtual Battle Space 2 (VBS
2) software which even in its current experimental
configuration allows training at the highest level
independent of the system equipment. As procedure
and action trainer for the Joint Fire Support Team
(JFST) the simulator can be used at the low and
medium tactical levels to exercise practical and costintensive training phases suitable to the situation
and mission while saving resources. Beyond
JFST training, VBS 2 can also be employed during
fundamental training of Forward Air Controllers, army
formations, and course-based initial and follow-on
leadership training.
Equipping the artillery with a specific simulator for
JFST training is scheduled for the future and currently
being implemented. In this context the Artillery School
shall use the JFST Training Simulator for team training,
JFST predeployment training, and recertification of
FACs pursuant to NATO guidelines. The JFST training
simulator may also be used on all JFST workstations
as part of individual training to ensure in-depth action
training during course-based observer training. In the
course of predeployment training the JFST training
simulator shall additionally be used to achieve and
develop security of action across the complex JFST
mission spectrum by providing mission-oriented and
realistic training.
Apart from considerable reduction of training costs,
increased availability of sophisticated JFS training
simulators, especially for JFST training, provides
significant improvement of the training quality. These
simulation-based training assets make the Artillery
School an interesting and sought-after partner for
multinational training cooperation.
Way Ahead
The Artillery School conducts Joint Fire Support
courses already this year with the participation
of students from the NETHERLANDS, FRANCE,
18
and AUSTRIA. Beyond that observers from the
NETHERLANDS, FRANCE, AUSTRIA and BELGIUM
are expected to attend the GRIFFIN STRIKE 2014
Exercise.
A differentiated analysis of individual bi-national
training cooperation in the field of JFS/ IndirF is
currently strongly enhanced and pushed towards
common training. A major challenge in this context is
to extend future training cooperation to a multinational
and harmonized training level rather than hold on
to the bi-national level. Burden sharing as already
implemented through participation of German
students in Close Combat Attack (CCA) training and
Fire Support Officer training at the NETHERLANDS
Artillery School will in the future also increasingly be
taken into account in the field of individual and team
training. Future common training and instruction
projects have a distinct savings potential for all
nations involved, which is essential to accomplish the
assigned tasks and meet the challenges of a dynamic
and complex operational environment in view of
decreasing defense budgets.
Due to the high priorisation of Joint Fire Support
and its significance for military operations, training
must be appropriate to the level and aligned with
the mission requirements. Today and in the future
“joint” and “combined” are key terms to success in
multinational operations. Internationally harmonized
training standards in conjunction with a uniform
“working language” will be future challenges for
further development of training.
With its growth potential the Joint Fire Support and
Indirect Fire Training Unit of IDAR-OBERSTEIN
can and should play a key role. Pursuant to current
planning until 2024 the medium-term objective
therefore is to develop the Joint Fire Support and
Indirect Fire Training Unit into an international Joint
Fire training and instruction center.
“We soldiers of the Army –
training is our passion!”
October 06 – 10, 2014
ARRIVAL
Monday, 06 October 2014
ARRIVAL & “CHECK IN“ HOTEL OPAL
17:45
SHUTTLE SERVICE TO OFFICERS MESS
18:30
WELCOME ICEBREAKER AND SALUTATION DINNER
22:00
TRANSFER TO THE HOTEL
DRESS CODE: CASUAL
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19
October 06 – 10, 2014
JOINT FIRES TRAINING
LEARNING - THE RIGHT WAY
With less access to live air assets and
the subsequent reduction in available
training time, combined with an
increasing demand for the training
of Land/Air/Sea integration, there is
an increasing need for a cost-effective virtual training system capable
of training the various roles in the
Joint Fires domain. JFIST® from
Saab is a reliable Joint Fires training
system which enables the effective
training of all levels in the complex
Joint Fires process from individual
tactical drills through to the com-
mand and control of airspace and
strategic assets.
Using the same JFIST® software, the
system can be delivered either as a
large-scale centre of excellence, as
a classroom trainer or as a portable system delivered to theatres of
operation. JFIST® provides the full
range of training capabilities, all
implemented to meet and exceed the
requirements of existing international standards including the JTAC
MOA and STANAG 3797
JFIST® provides training for:
• JTAC/FAC
• FO, FSO, LO
• Personnel in JFC and TOC
• Platform and sensor operators
www.saabgroup.com
20
October 06 – 10, 2014
MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 1
Tuesday, 07 October 2014
08:30
TRANSFER TO RILCHENBERG BARRACKS
08:45
OFFICIAL OPENING CEREMONY
09:00
09:30
CHAIRMAN‘S OPENING ADDRESS &
ADMIN REMARKS
BRIEFINGS
HAND OVER “Joint Fire Interface Team“
10:30
12:30
NETWORKING LUNCH
13:40
15:20
16:45
BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ DISCUSSION
17:30
TRANSFER TO WINE-RESTAURANT
19:00
DINNER & WINE TASTING
22:00
TRANSFER TO HOTEL
DRESS CODE: BDU / CASUAL for DINNER & WINE TASTING
Exhibition/ PRESENTATION OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY
TRANSFER TO HOTEL
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21
October 06 – 10, 2014
EXCURSION
WINE TASTING
Barbara Wollschied from Altbamberg is the
52th Nahe-Wine Queen 2013/14
We are trying to create
special wines from our
home region of the
River Nahe.
22
October 06 – 10, 2014
Wednesday, 08 October 2014
07:45
TRANSFER TO RILCHENBERG BARRACKS
08:00
BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ DISCUSSION
12:30
NETWORKING LUNCH
13:30
DEMONSTRATION JOINT FIRE SUPPORT
15:30
Exhibition/ PRESENTATION OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY
18:00DINNER
IDAR-OBERSTEINER SPIESSBRATEN
(RECIPE ON THE NEXT PAGE)
22:00
TRANSFER TO HOTEL
DRESS CODE: BDU
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23
October 06 – 10, 2014
EXCURSION
IDAR-OBERSTEINER SPIESSBRATEN
Only to let you know
what we want you to
eat on Day 2
INGREDIENTS
Beef: Roastbeef, loin, best end ribs, use only tender meat
Pork: loin, pork chops, ham, pork chops from neck.
Please note: The meat should be 3 to 5 cm thick, raw weight per person approximately
300 to 400 grams.
Seasoning: Onions, salt, pepper and garlic
RECIPE
Approximately 6 to 10 hours prior to final cooking, sprinkle salt and pepper on the meat
slices. Peal onions and cut them in slices. Season onions with salt and pepper.
Then cover the meat with the seasoned onion slices.
Heat an open fireplace using beech- or oakwood.
Before putting the meat on the grill, fill it with little onion and garlic pieces.
Put the meat on the grill and roast them shortly on both sides using a high flame to seal
the pores of the meat.
Then roast the meat on low flame with lots of glowing fire.
Cooking time is approximately 20 to 30 minutes depending on the weight of the meat.
The “Spiessbraten” is usually ready when the meat juice is noticeable on top of the meat.
24
October 06 – 10, 2014
Thursday, 09 October 2014
07:45
TRANSFER TO THE RILCHENBERG BARRACKS
08:00
12:00
BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ PRESENTATIONS
13:30
BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ PRESENTATIONS
14:30
DISCUSSION INTRODUCED BY DCOM ARTYSCHOOL
CLOUSING REMARKS
15:30
SIGHTSEEING IDAR-OBERSTEIN
19:00
FORMAL FAREWELL DINNER IN THE OFFICERS MESS
WELCOME BY THE LORD MAYOR IDAR-OBERSTEIN
23:00
TRANSFER TO THE HOTEL
DRESS CODE: BDU / JACKET & TIE FOR THE FORMAL DINNER
NETWORKING LUNCH
DEPARTURE
Friday, 10 October 2014
DEPARTURE
TRANSFER ORGANIZED BY ARTILLERY SCHOOL
25
October 06 – 10, 2014
DEFENCE DEMANDS
CAPABILITIES
lock on to mbda solutions
MBDA GERMANY –
THE SYSTEMS HOUSE
FOR GUIDED MISSILES
AND AIR DEFENCE
The moment in which competence
and experience are put to the test:
that is the moment we live and work
for. We place our extensive skills and
many years of experience at the service
of our armed forces. Adressing the full
range of Joint Fire Support requirements.
www.mb
26
da-syste
ms.com
October 06 – 10, 2014
EXHIBITORS
27
October 06 – 10, 2014
28
October 06 – 10, 2014
VENUE & ACCOMODATION
Opal Hotel Idar-Oberstein
Mainzer Straße 34
55743 Idar-Oberstein Phone: +49 6781 56295-0 Fax:
+49 6781 56295-333 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.opal-hotel.de
29
D E D I C AT E D T O S O L U T I O N S
JOINT FIRE SUPPORT
We have many years of experience in developing
command, control, weapon deployment and
simulation systems for Joint Fire Support (JFS).
Our sensor-to-shooter and support network is
tried, tested and sustainable – and due to our
system expertise completely manageable.
ESG ELEKTRONIKSYSTEM- UND LOGISTIK-GMBH
Tel. +49 89 [email protected]
A-029_2014.indd 1
30
24.07.14 14:01
Glückauf Logistik is your specialist for the conversion, upgrade
and spare parts provision for military vehicles.
Our product range contains more than 150.000 items, partly available from stock
Trust in audited quality
e-mail: [email protected]
web: www.glueckauf-logistik.de
Landgraf Karl Str. 1
34131 Kassel
Germany
Tel: +49 (0) 561 93579-0
Fax: +49 (0)561 93579-44
31
October 06 – 10, 2014
Imprint
The information brochure “International Artillery Symposium 2014“ is created, produced and distributed under the custodianship of Colonel Fiepko Koolman, Deputy Commander of the Artillery School and Deputy Director of Artillery, for the
military and civilian participants of the symposium as well as other Bundeswehr agencies.
Publisher:
Colonel ret.. Thomas Altenhof
Responsible for content and editorial work:
Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Hör
Am Rilchenberg 30
D-55743 Idar-Oberstein
Tel civ: +49 6781 51-1293
Tel civ: +49 6781 51-1031
Tel mil: 90 4710 1293
Tel mil: 90 4710 1031
Fax: +49 6781 51-1555
The information brochure “International Artillery Symposium 2014” and all articles and photos contained are protected by
copyright. Any utilization beyond the limits of copyright and without permission of the Deputy Commander of the Artillery
School and Deputy Director of Artillery is prohibited and is an offence. This applies in particular to any duplication, translation, microfilming, storage, and processing in electronic systems. Opinions and ratings expressed not necessarily reflect the
view of the custodian or the responsible editor. The editorial staff also reserves the right to select and abridge contributions.
The responsibility for company contributions lies with the respective company. The Deputy Commander of the Artillery
School and Deputy Director of Artillery and the Artillery School are not responsible and liable for the content of company
contributions.
The copyright for the information brochure “International Artillery Symposium 2014” applies also to the internet homepage
of the “Freundeskreis der Artillerietruppe e. V” and to the internet homepage of the “International Artillery Symposium 2014”.
The legal basis for the imprint is German legislation.
32
Automation of Combat Systems
Using the Example of Tube Artillery
Automizing combat systems has been pursued over time
with various objectives.
Initially reducing the workload for the crew was the first
priority.
Meanwhile aspects like the reduction of personnel and operational costs, and also strict demands for further improving the protection of the deployed soldiers while decreasing weight at the same time have gained significance.
The urge for automation becomes clear when viewing the
global tendency towards unmanned aircraft as well as land
systems. The use of remote-controlled and in some situations autonomously acting air-supported reconnaissance
and fighting drones has already become reality. Also on
the ground the US Army for example deploys unmanned
systems to support the soldiers.
In the next 10 to 20 years even fully autonomous systems, especially in the field of aircrafts, are to be expected. In specialist publications and several studies the goal
that an operator monitors several combat systems and
that the system can also make decisions independently
are discussed. This development benefits from technical
progress, for example miniaturization of processors and
sensors, as well as efficiency increase of programming
languages and algorithms. The numerous research projects in the USA, China and Europe, and the noticeably
frequent use of drones in recent conflicts substantiate the
high significance of automated combat systems in the future.
While autonomous land systems are often smaller vehicles, for example for clearing or deactivating mines and
unexploded bombs, with the AGM KMW developed the
first fully automatic weapon system on the basis of the
PzH 2000 technology.
-
Fully automatic projectile handling and loading
-
High mobility on roads and cross country
After a development phase and comparison testing the
contract was awarded to KMW. After another phase of development and the series maturity phase, extensive tests
and proving were conducted with four prototypes leading
to the order of 185 series systems for Germany in 1998.
When speaking of self-propelled artillery unique features
of the PzH 2000 were then and are still today:
-
Cadency of 8 to 10 rounds per minute
-
Autonomy of each individual weapon system in
navigation and fire control
-
Large combat load of 60 rounds and high cadency
which is assured over the complete combat load of 60
rounds
-
Quick resupply of the combat load by the howitzer
crew
-
Unrestricted operation in all azimuth and elevation
angles
-
Reduced crew and operation of the PzH 2000
possible with a minimum of three soldiers
-
Tactical mobility enabling joint warfare with combined
arms
In the development of artillery from a towed, manually operated gun to self-propelled systems which were
gradually automated and equipped with electronic components such as navigation system, fire control system,
electric levelling device etc., the PzH 2000 presents
an evolutionary mile stone already including significant
parts of a fully automatic system.
To replace the M109 employed in Germany and to signifi
cantly strengthen the combat power of the artillery after
the failure of the tri-national program PzH70 the German
government decided to initiate their own national development in 1986.
The following requirements formed the basis for this development:
-
Large range of 30/40 km with a 155 mm/L52 weapon
-
Fully automatic, electric weapon traversing/elevating
system
-
Protection for crew and ammunition
-
Autonomous in navigation and fire control
-
Combat load of 60 rounds
PzH 2000 while firing
33
Especially noteworthy is the fully automated projectile
loading mechanism developed by KMW, which already
realizes loading the projectiles from the magazine (chassis) to the weapon (turret) and also is equipped with a
computer-controlled ammunition management with integrated inductive fuze programming.
Since international requirements emerging in the early
21st century, for a medium and air-transportable artillery
system while retaining capabilities similar to those of the
PzH 2000, first concepts for the AGM were developed at
KMW.
Already in the early stages of developing this weapon system the necessity of separating the crew and artillery components (ammunition magazine, loader, weapon etc.) in
station. After assembly the propellant is transported by
the propellant transfer arm to the charge chamber. The
breech block of the gun is closed by remote-control and
the system is fired after clearance by the gun commander.
These components were developed and tested gradually
using numerous optimization possibilities, enabling an
increase of the cadency from 6 rounds per minute in
2006 to the impressive number of 9 rounds per minute in
2014. Besides the main components the AGM also has
numerous sensors ensuring safe and smooth handling
of the firing components. The operational concept for
the gun commander is designed in such a way that
the process can be monitored at any time and manual
interference is possible in case any irregularities should
arise.
AGM inside view and fully automated loading mechanism
order to appropriately protect the crew while meeting the
maximum weight limit of 31.5 t was soon evident. It was
essential to focus on the highly protected area around the
crew providing the soldiers the maximum possible protection and equipping the rest of the system with a lower protection level in order not to exceed the maximum weight
limit.
An incremental approach was used for the development.
In the first step, a light aluminum turret was designed
and manufactured. After integration the gun firing tests
were conducted to verify the mechanical stability of the
light-weight turret and the stability of the whole system
during firing and driving. After successfully completing
this step, the fully automated projectile loading mechanism was adapted to the conditions and requirements
of the AGM turret and integrated so that the projectiles
could be loaded without manual operations as in the PzH
2000. Only portioning and loading propelling charges as
well as firing the weapon was conducted by personnel in
the turret.
In the next consistent step, an automatic propellant
charge magazine and an automatic propellant charge
supply for the weapon were developed. Based on ballistic
calculations by the AGM’s own fire control system, the
corresponding amount of propellant charges is conveyed
out of the magazine. The closed propellant charges are
then assembled on the also newly developed assembling
34
The result of this development is a fully automated and unmanned artillery turret having the following characteristics:
- Fully automated and remote-controlled mode
- Integration onto all applicable wheeled and tracked
vehicles possible
- Cadency of 9 rounds per minute with the complete
on-board stock
- High range with a 155 mm/L52 weapon
- Fully automated, electric weapon levelling system
- Autonomous in navigation and fire control
- Possibility to handle missiles up to a length of 1 m
- Inductive fuze programming
With the integration of the AGM onto an appropriate carrier
system, for example the M270 (MLRS platform), the original development goal of a light and air deployable artillery
system while keeping as many characteristics of the PzH
2000 as possible was accomplished.
Besides the integration onto a M270 chassis of a rocket
launcher, the AGM has also been integrated and tested
on an armored infantry combat vehicle chassis (ASCOD)
from GD ELS. Currently a first wheeled version AGM on
a BOXER 8x8 is being manufactured and will be tested in
the fall 2014. In addition to this ambitioned variant AGM
is also being integrated onto a COTS 8x8 truck, in this
case an IVECO TRAKKER. It is important to note that a
platform including stabilizer will be mounted as a connector between truck and AGM.
In summary the AGM – based on the PzH 2000 – is a consistent further development to a light, remote-controlled
system which could be developed to a partly autonomous
combat system in the future.
The AGM turret can already be remote-controlled from a
vehicle cabin or also from greater distances. Integrating
the AGM on an also remote-controlled or autonomous driving platform and by utilizing corresponding transfer technology could prepare the possibility for a first unmanned
main combat system in the army.
AGM integrated onto the M270 (MLRS) chassis
Firing tests of the AGM on the BOXER are scheduled for
fall 2014
AGM integrated onto the ASCOD chassis from GD ELS
AGM integrated on 8x8 BOXER
Planned integration of AGM onto IVECO TRAKKER
Author: Patrick Lenz
Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG
August-Bode-Strasse 1
D-34127 Kassel
Phone: +49 561 105 1233
Fax:
+49 561 105 1336
Internet: www.kmweg.de
35
Precision Guided Munition (PGM) –
VULCANO 127mm and 155mm
Framework Conditions
The future orientation of the Bundeswehr describes the
need for the capability of precise and range extended
effective strikes with indirect fire against stationary and
moving single and point targets. In Germany, the weapon
platforms PzH2000 and Frigate F125 will be equipped with
the VULCANO precision guided munition.
Important criteria are “Compliance with the Rules of Engagement”, „Avoidance of Collateral Damage”, “Keep Eyes
on the Target” and “Mission Abort Capability“.
Both countries agreed to carry out a bilateral qualification program for the complete precision guided ammunition family VULCANO 127mm/155mm according to
“STANAG 4667 Gun launched guided munition, safety
and suitability for service”, covering the terminal homing
modes SAL*), FarIR**) and GPS***)
Joint qualification will start at the beginning of 2015.
Delivery of the precision guided VULCANO munition to the
German and Italian Forces (Navy and Army) will begin at
the end of 2016.
Figure 1: Scenario – PzH2000 with target engagements also in urban terrain
– in combination with a ground based or air borne laser designator by the
Joint Fire Support Team (JFST)
German-Italian Cooperation
In 2011, the German and Italian Ministers of Defence
declared their intention to cooperate more closely in
the field of “Future 155mm Long Range Precision Ammunition“.
Their Letter of Intent provided the basis for combining
the national efforts in the field of guided artillery munition, using synergies on a bilateral level. These activities concern the following national programs:
Industrial teaming is based on the Cooperation Agreement between Diehl Defence and OTO Melara on conventional and guided munition.
*) SAL – Semi Active Laser Sensor in combination with a Laser
Designator and Man-in-the-Loop for semi-autonomous target
engagements of stationary and moving single point targets and
small area targets.
**) FarIR – Infra-Red Sensor, uncooled in the wavelength regime
between 8-12μm for autonomous air and sea target engagements. This sensor is primarily applied with VULCANO 127mm.
● VULCANO 127mm for the Navy and VULCANO
155mm (sub-caliber unguided and guided munition) for
the Italian Army
***) GPS – Global Positioning System. In this mode, the guided
VULCANO munition flies with the currently available GPS accuracy to the pre-programmed coordinates. In this mode, the target
location error (TLE) cannot be compensated.
● Guided Mortar Munition 120mm (GMM) and Guided
Artillery Munition 155mm (GAM), both full-caliber, for
Germany
Munition Demand - Assessment
The following target categories and target sizes are relevant for precision guided artillery munition:
36
● Single Point Targets (2m x 5m, stationary and moving)
● Small Point Targets (10m x 15m)
● Point Targets (30m x 30m)
The Target Location Error (TLE) is the most critical failure
source. The target location accuracies und field conditions
achievable with today’s standard equipment of the JFSTs
are between 25m and 50m. This makes it clear that pure
GPS-INS guided/navigated munition cannot be effectively
used for the engagement of (stationary or moving) point
and single point targets. Figure 2 illustrates the correlation
of munition demand as a function of the achievable precision of guided munition. The Total CEP (Circular Error
Probability) of 7m (14m) is based on the assumption of a
GPS navigation accuracy of 5m (10m) and a TLE of 5m
(10m).
Basically, GPS-guided munition only flies to the preprogrammed coordinate, sensor-equipped munition (e.g. SAL)
always to the target aimed at. So, SAL-guided munition always hits and eliminates the target with a single shot.
Conclusion: The experience gathered in current “Out of
Area Missions“ with the PzH2000 and derived future challenges highlights the need for SAL 155mm precision guided artillery munition.
SAL-guided munition for PzH2000
The companies Diehl Defence and OTO Melara have
implemented the SAL-Guided Munition V155-GLR/SAL
(Vulcano155mm Guided Long Range / Semi Active Laser
with a pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with insensitive explosives).
Guidance Section with
Canard System, GPS,
Flight Controller and IMU
SA
Roll-decoupled Tail
Section
PFF-IM Warhea
and SAD
Figure 2: Munition demand for the effective
engagement of Point Targets, Small Point
Figure 3: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL precision
Targets and Single Point Targets (stationary
munition
in loading
(above)
and
moving) depending
on theconfiguration
achievable
CEP
accuracies of
guided munition. In the
configuration
(below)
terminal homing phase, it is to be distinguished
between GPS-INS guidance and SAL
guidance with laser designation.
Figure 2: Munition demand for the effective engagement of
Analyses of the Munition Demand have shown that GPS In addition to the munition, this approach also considers
Point Targets, Small Point Targets and Single Point Targets
guided munition can only be used to effectively engage the adaptation of the PzH2000, calculation of the fire com(stationary
and moving)
depending on
the achievable
CEP
and the logistic packaging system, thus providing
point
targets (30x30m)
and impressively
underline
the mands
accuracies
of
guided
munition.
In
the
terminal
homing
phase,
itsystem package.
the
entire
need for SAL-guided munition in combination with laser
is
to
be
distinguished
between
GPS-INS
guidance
and
SAL
designation by the JFST for the engagement of small point
guidance
withtargets.
laser designation.
and
single point
Analyses of the Munition Demand have shown that GPS
guided munition can only be used to effectively engage
point targets (30x30m) and impressively underline the
need for SAL-guided munition in combination with laser
designation by the JFST for the engagement of small
point and single point targets.
Basically, Guidance
GPS-guided
munition
Section
with only flies to the
preprogrammed
coordinate,
sensor-equipped munition
Canard
System, GPS,
(e.g. SAL)Flight
always
to the target
aimed at.
Controller
and IMU
So, SAL-guided munition always hits and eliminates the
target with a single shot.
Conclusion: The experience gathered in current "Out of
Sensor
Area Missions“ with the PzH2000 and SAL
derived
future
challenges highlights the need for SAL 155mm precision
PFF-IM Warhead
guided
artillery munition.
Roll-decoupled
Tail
and SAD
Section
SAL-guided munition for PzH2000
The companies
Diehl
Defence and
OTO Melara
Figure
3: VULCANO
155GLR-SAL
precision
guidedhave
artillery
Figure 4: Miniaturized SAL Sensor and m
Infrared Sensor (FarIR). The SAL Sensor is
semi-autonomous mode in combination
designator. The FarIR-Sensor is applied in t
mode for engaging air and sea targets. The
been qualified in the temperature and vib
26.000g.
 Range and Flight Profile V155-GLR/SA
The subcaliber guided munition V155GLR
a maximum range of up to 80km with a b
of 45°– see Figure 5
Figure 3: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL
Systemguided
activation
(thermal
battery run
precision
artillery munition
in loading
configuration
(above)
and in flight
initialization
based
on configuration
the pre-progr
(below)
(Munition Critical Data, MCD) and GPS
provided within the ballistic flight pha
37
apogee.
Figure 5: Range and flight profile of the precision guide
munition V155-GLR/SAL at nominal conditions at maximum
muzzle velocity (vo ~ 936m/s at 21°C)
 Maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL
Demonstration
maneuverability
the guided
Vulcan
Figure 4:of
Miniaturized
SAL Sensor and of
miniaturized
Far-Infrared
Sensor
(FarIR).
The
SAL
Sensor
is
applied
in
the
semimunition autonomous
in the mode
terminal
homing phase was a
in combination with a laser designator.
The FarIR-Sensor
is applied for
in the autonomous
mode for
indispensable
prerequisite
adaptation/integration
o
engaging air and sea targets. The systems have been qualified
an SAL sensor
unit. Figure
6 shows
the maneuverabilit
in the temperature
and vibration
range at 26.000g.
of the projectile in the SAL terminal homing phase. Wit
the large ●field
of view (FoV) of the SAL and FarIR
● System Configuration V155-GLR/SAL
Maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL
sensors inDemonstration
combination
with the maneuverability, a
● Range and Flight Profile V155-GLR/SAL
of maneuverability of the guided Vulcano
navigation/GPS
target
location
munition inerrors,
the terminal
homing phase
was anerrors,
indispens- senso
The subcaliber guided munition V155GLR-SAL achieves
able
prerequisite
for
adaptation/integration
of
an
SAL
drifts and
target movements are eliminated
insenthe SA
a maximum range of up to 80km with a barrel elevation
of
sor unit. Figure 6 shows the maneuverability of the projec45°– see Figure 5
terminal
Once
the
target
in
the
FoV,
n
tile Range
in the phase.
SALand
terminal
homing
phase.
theprecision
large
field
Figure homing
5:
flight
profile
ofWith
theis
guide
System activation (thermal battery run-up), munition
initiali-of of
viewtarget
(FoV) ofis
thepossible.
SAL
FarIR sensors
in combination
escape
the
munition
V155-GLR/SAL
atand
nominal
conditions
at maximu
zation based on the pre-programmed data (Munition Critimuzzle
cal Data, MCD) and GPS activation are provided within the
ballistic flight phase up to the apogee.
with the maneuverability, all navigation/GPS errors, target
velocity
(vo ~ 936m/s
at 21°C)
location errors,
sensor drifts and target movements are
eliminated in the SAL terminal homing phase.
Demonstration of maneuverability of the guided Vulcan
munition in the terminal homing phase was a
indispensable prerequisite for adaptation/integration o
an SAL sensor unit. Figure 6 shows the maneuverabili
Figure 5: Range and flight profile of theofprecision
guided in the SAL terminal homing phase. Wit
the projectile
munition V155-GLR/SAL at nominal conditions
at
maximum
the large field of view (FoV) of the SAL and FarI
muzzle velocity (vo ~ 936m/s at 21°C)
sensors in combination with the maneuverability, a
navigation/GPS errors, target location errors, senso
Figure 5: Rangeare
and flight
profile of the in the SA
drifts and target movements
eliminated
Figure
Hit accuracy
PHit of V155-GLR/SA
precision7:
guided
munition V155-GLR/SAL
Demonstration of maneuverability of Figure
theterminal
guided
Vulcano
6: Maneuverability
reflecting
ofmuzzle
(FoV)
homing phase.
Once
thethe
target
inview
thehoming
FoV, ph
no
at nominal
conditions
at
maximum
with
the
SAL
sensor
infield
the is
terminal
munition in the terminal homingthephase
was
an
velocity
(v
~
936m/s
at
21°C)
SAL-Sensor
of theis possible.
precision guided munition V155
escape
of the target
o
indispensable
prerequisite
for adaptation/integration
of
Figure 5: Range
and flight profile
of the precision
guided
the the
terminal
phase
and ofcorrelated
with th
After passing through the apogee, the munitionGLR/SAL
flies to the inOnce
targetV155-GLR/SAL
ishoming
in the FoV,
no escape
the target
isdual-mo
is
designed
as
a
an
SAL sensor
unit. Figure
6 shows
the
maneuverability
munition
V155-GLR/SAL
at nominal
conditions
at
maximum
error-driven
target position.
target acquisition point by means of GPS midcourse
guid- possible.
muzzle
velocity
(v
936m/s
at
21°C)
of
the
projectile
SAL
terminal
homing
phase.
With
oin~ the
 SAL mode with a precision <3m [2D
ance/navigation.
● Precision of V155-GLR/SAL
the large field of view (FoV) of the SAL and FarIR
to the target (stationary and moving)
In the SAL terminal homing phase, the SAL sensor per- Figure 7 illustrates the hit accuracy PHit of V155-GLR/
sensors
in
combination
with
the
maneuverability,
all

Precision
of
V155-GLR/SAL
 Maneuverability
V155-GLR/SAL
performance
2DRMS
forms
target acquisition (detection
of the designated tar- SAL. The system
GPS-INSachieves
mode awith
CEPvalue
precision
navigation/GPS
errors,
target
location
errors,
sensor
Figure
7:
Hit
accuracy
P
of
V155-GLR/SAL
Hit
of
~1.2m
–
the
requirement
for
single
point
targets
is
3mGPS ac
get),
target
discrimination
by
means
of
the
laser
code
and
(dependingPon
Demonstration of maneuverability of Figure
the guided7 Vulcano
illustrates
theand
hit15maccuracy
of
V155
Hit the
SAL sensor in the terminal
homing pha
drifts and target
target
movements
eliminated
SAL with the
2DRMS.
subsequent
tracking
until target are
impact
with final ac-in the
available and the
time of availability)
munition
in
the interminal
homingGLR/SAL.
phase was
Thean
system performance
achieves
a 2DRMS
tivation
of the
warhead
the target.
terminal
homing
phase.
Once the target
is in the V155-GLR/SAL
FoV,
no
is designed
as a dual-modetarget
system.coordinate
pre-programmed
indispensable prerequisite for adaptation/integration
of
value of ~1.2m – theV155-GLR/SAL
requirementisfor
single point target
escape
the target
possible.
designed as a dual-mod
an SALofsensor
unit. is
Figure
6 shows the maneuverability
is 3m 2DRMS.
of the projectile in the SAL terminal homing
phase. With
SAL mode
with
a precision <3m
[2DR
Target
impact
effectiveness
of V155G
the large field of view (FoV) of the SAL and FarIR
VULCANO 155GLR-SAL is equipped
sensors in combination with the maneuverability, all
 GPS-INS mode with CEP precision be
performance pre-formed fragmented (PF
navigation/GPS errors, target location errors, sensor
and 15m (depending on the GPS accu
defined tungsten splinters of vario
drifts and target movements are eliminated in the SAL
available and the time of availability) r
insensitive
explosives
to view
meet(FoV)
inse
Maneuverability
reflecting
the field
terminal homing phase. Once the target Figure
is in the6:
FoV,
no
pre-programmed
targetofcoordinate
escape of the target is possible.
the SAL-Sensor of requirements.
the precision guided munition V15
GLR/SAL in the terminal
homing
phase the
and overall
correlated
with th
Figure
8 shows
results
o
Figure
6: Maneuverability
reflecting the field ofbased
effectiveness
Target
impact assessment
effectiveness
of V155GL
error-driven target position.
on
view (FoV) of the SAL-Sensor of the precision
VULCANO
155GLR-SAL
is
equipped
investigations.
VULCANO
155GLR-S
guided
munition V155-GLR/SAL
in the terminal
homing
phase and
correlated
the
error-drivenbased
performance
pre-formed
fragmented
(PFF)o
required
target
kill with
requirements
target position.
 Precision of V155-GLR/SAL
defined
tungsten
splinters
of
various
homing.
Figure 6: Maneuverability reflecting the field
of view 7(FoV)
of
insensitive
toPHit
meet
Figure
illustrates
hitexplosives
accuracyPFF
of insen
V155
38
Thethe
high-performance
warhead
of
the SAL-Sensor of the precision guided munition V155requirements.
GLR/SAL.
The
system
performance
achieves
a
2DRM
also shows outstanding performance ag
GLR/SAL in the terminal homing phase and correlated with the
ed
m
no
an
of
ty
th
R
all
or
AL
no
ed
um
no
an
of
ity
th
IR
all
or
AL
of
no
5he
5S
ts
of
55he
5MS
Figure 7: Hit accuracy PHit of V155-GLR/SAL in combination
with the SAL sensor in the terminal homing phase.
V155-GLR/SAL is designed as a dual-mode system
 SAL mode with a precision <3m [2DRMS] relative
 GPS-INS mode with CEP precision between 3m
and 15m (depending on the GPS accuracy locally
available and the time of availability) relative to the
pre-programmed target coordinate
 Target impact effectiveness of V155GLR-SAL
Figure 7: Hit accuracy P of V155GLR/SAL in combination with the SAL
VULCANO 155GLR-SAL is equipped with a high- sensor in the terminal homing phase.
performance
pre-formed
(PFF)inwarhead
with
Figure 7: Hit accuracy
PHit fragmented
of
V155-GLR/SAL
combination
● SAL mode with a precision <3m
[2DRMS] relative to The Safe and Arming Device (SAD) ensures optimum warwith
the
SAL
sensor
in
the
terminal
homing
phase.
defined
tungsten
splinters of variousheadsizes
and on the type of target (impact, imthe target (stationary
and moving)
initiation depending
pact
with
delay,
time and position)
insensitive
to between
meet3m insensitive-munition
● GPS-INS modeexplosives
with CEP precision
and
15m (depending on the GPS accuracy locally avail- Compatibility of V155GLR-SAL with PzH2000
requirements.
V155-GLR/SAL
is designed as a dual-mode system
able and the time of availability) relative to the pre-proguided munition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL has
Figure
8 target
shows
overall <3m
results
of The
theSAL
warhead
grammed
coordinate

SAL
mode
withthe
a precision
[2DRMS]
been relative
designed so as to be compatible with the PzH2000
effectiveness
assessment
based
on of experimental
● Target
effectiveness
of V155GLR-SAL
the company KMW – see Figure 9, taking into account
to impact
the target
(stationary
and
moving)
munition
storage,all
the munition carousel and munition
investigations.
VULCANO
fulfils
VULCANO
155GLR-SAL
is equipped
with precision
a155GLR-SAL
high-perfor-between
 GPS-INS
mode
with CEP
3mthe Flick
loading with
Rammer.
mance pre-formed
fragmented
(PFF) warheadbased
with de- on SAL terminal
required
target
kill requirements
and
15m
(depending
on
the
GPS
accuracy
locally
fined tungsten splinters of various sizes and insensitive The compatibility of VULCANO 155GLR/SAL is also given
homing.
available
and the time ofrequirements.
availability) relative
to the
explosives
to meet insensitive-munition
for all fielded
155mm howitzers.
pre-programmed
target
coordinate
The
PFF
warhead
of V155GLR-SAL
Figure high-performance
8 shows the overall results
of the
warhead effecVULCANO 155GLR-SAL is fired from the PzH2000 with
tivenessshows
assessment
based on experimental
investigathe certified
also
outstanding
performance
against
soft modular
point propellant charges (MTLS) DM72/
tions. VULCANO 155GLR-SAL fulfils all required target kill DM92. Figure 10 shows the projectile with 4 modular
targets.
requirements
based on SAL
terminal homing. of V155GLR-SAL
charges DM72 inside the barrel of the PzH2000.
 Target impact
effectiveness
The
Safe and
Arming
Device
(SAD) ensures
The high-performance
PFF warhead
of V155GLR-SAL
Basically,optimum
conventional types of propellant charges are
VULCANO
155GLR-SAL
is equipped
with
a allwith
highalso
shows
outstanding
performance
against
soft
point
compatible
the VULCANO munition.
warhead
initiation
depending
on (PFF)
the type
of target
performance
pre-formed
fragmented
warhead
with
targets.
(impact,
with splinters
delay, timeofandvarious
position)sizes and
defined impact
tungsten
Hit
insensitive explosives to meet insensitive-munition
requirements.
Figure 8 shows the overall results of the warhead
effectiveness assessment based on experimental
investigations. VULCANO 155GLR-SAL fulfils all
required target kill requirements based on SAL terminal
homing.
The high-performance PFF warhead of V155GLR-SAL
also shows outstanding performance against soft point
targets.
The Safe and Arming Device (SAD) ensures optimum
warhead initiation depending on the type of target
(impact, impact with delay, time and position)
Figure 8: Target impact
effectiveness analysis of
VULCANO 155GLR/SAL for
given targets with defined target
kill criteria defined by the user
– all given targets are killed in
accordance with the requirements
and based on the SAL mode in the
terminal homing phase
39
Figure 9:
PzH2000 with VULCANO 155GLR-SAL
Fire Command
The computation of the Fire Command is based on the call
for fire which is provided by the FüWES ADLER (or other
Mission Planning Systems) via radio to the Fire Control
Computer (MICMOS) of the PzH2000.
Figure 10: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL with four (4) modular
propellant charges DM72 inside the barrel of the PzH2000
Depending on the given/required integration depth of
V155GLR-SAL on the PzH2000, for computation of the
Fire Command, it is distinguished between the partly integrated version with stand-alone, remote-controlled portable Fire Command Unit (pFCU) and embedded Fire
Command Program (FireCmdProg) according to NABK,
STANAG 4355 Annex G, and the fully integrated version
with implemented FireCmdProg according to NABK in the
fire control system (MICMOS) of the PzH2000.
For the partly integrated version, the stand-alone, remote-controlled FireCmd Unit (see Figure 12) receives
the call for fire via data link from the fire control system
of the PzH2000 and computes the fire command with
the FireCmd program. It combines the munition-relevant
mission data with the GPS-specific data from the GPS receiver module and GPS key storage box as well as the
laser codes. This data set is transmitted to the munition
by means of the programming unit. Weapon-specific data
such as elevation, azimuth and time over target are sent
back to the fire control system of the PzH2000.
In the case of the fully integrated version of the PzH2000,
the FireCmdProg is computed directly in the fire control
Figure 11: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL with defined separation of
the sabots after passing the muzzle brakes of the barrel of the
PzH2000
system of the PzH2000 and the munition is initialized by
the ammunition programmer during automated munition
feed from the ammunition carousel – see Figure 13.
Packaging System
For the SAL-guided artillery ammunition VULCANO
155GLR-SAL, the munition fixing elements of the packaging system for the fielded ammunition DM97070 have
Figure 12: Stand-alone, remotecontrolled portable Fire Command
Unit (pFCU) with data link to the fire
control system of the PzH2000, GPS
Key Storage Box for intermediate
storage of the current GPS key, GPS
receiver module and fire control
computer with integrated FireCmd
program according
to NABK.
40
Munition
Programmer,
coupled with the
Fire Control
Computer
Munition carousel with
munition transporter
Loading shell with
Flick Rammer
In the SAL Mo
to designate th
In the FarIR
autonomously
signature, lock
tracking until ta
In the GPS-Mo
(nominal TLE ~
Firing Results:
1. Computation
Fire Comma
Figure 13: Fully integrated version with computation of the Fire Command in the Fire Control System of the PzH2000 and
initialization
of theFully
guided munition
with the ammunition
during munition feed.
Figure
13:
integrated
versionprogrammer
with computation
of the Fire
determinatio
Command in the Fire Control System of the PzH2000 and
and the Wea
initialization
the Figure
guided
munition
been adapted andof
certified.
14 shows
the pallet with
Figure 15the
showsammunition
the flight profiles and the results of the
with a total of 8 during
munition containers,
programmer
munitionallowing
feed.variable firings with V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS. 2. Handover of
loading of the pallet with munition containers and propelIn the SAL Mode, a JFST Laser Designator is involved to
lant charge containers. Thus, it is ensured that no changes
3. Programmin
designate the target.
or additions to the logistic chain are necessary.
the
MCD prio
In the FarIR Mode, terminal homing is performed
autonoPerformance Demonstration
mously with detection of the target with IR-signature, lock4. Loading
Packaging
System
The performance of V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS
has been on to the target and subsequent target tracking
until target of V
demonstrated successfully in various firing campaigns.
impact and warhead activation.
the Flick Ram
5. Firing of V15
For the SAL-guided artillery ammunition VULCANO
initialization
Palette Packaging Systemthe
155GLR-SAL,
munition fixing elements of the
activation up
DM96220
Munition loading/storing
system with transport rail
packaging system for the fielded ammunition DM97070
Propellant charge container
have
been
adapted and certified. Figure 14 shows the
DM95130
with MTLS
pallet with a total of 10 munition containers, allowing
Propellant charge contaner
variable
loading of the pallet with munition containers
DM95130 with
ignitor DM191A2
and
propellant charge containers. Thus, it is ensured
Transport and storage
container
that
no DM97070
changes or additions to the logistic chain are
necessary.
extracting device
6. Robustness,
7. GPS Mid Co
8. GPS Naviga
– independe
Note: GPS B
system; dep
time, numbe
 GPS bias
 GPS bias
9. SAL Termina
10. FarIR Termin
Figure 14: VULCANO 155mm based on the packaging system for artillery ammunition DM97070 and DM97192
11. GPS Termin
 Target
loc
41
 see Note
VULCANO 155mm
Target – 45km
SAL Mode
GPS Navigation
Target – 26km
SAL Mode
FarIR Mode
GPS Navigation
Figure 15: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL in GPS Terminal Homing
Mode (TLE=0) and in SAL Terminal Homing Mode (with laser
target designation)
Firing Results:
1. Computation of the Fire Command with NABK
Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg) and
determination of the Munition Critical Data (MCD)
and the Weapon Critical Data (WCD)
2. Handover of WCD to the PzH2000
Figure
15: VULCANO
155GLR-SAL with
in GPS Terminal Homing
3. Programming
of V155GLR-SAL
Mode the
(TLE=0)
and
in
SAL
Terminal
Homing
Mode (with laser
MCD prior to munition loading
target designation)
4. Loading of V155GLR-SAL with
the Flick Rammer or manually
Summary
5. Firing of V155GLR-SAL, power run-up/
initialization of the munition
andVULCANO
GPS
The precision-guided
munition
155GLR-SAL
activation
up
to
the
apogee
with dual-mode capability in the terminal homing phase
meets
all user functionality
requirements.
In particular, the SAL
6. Robustness,
of all subsystems
sensor
enables
the
engagement
of single point targets
7. GPS Mid Course Guidance
(stationary and moving) and small point targets (e.g.
8. GPS Navigation Accuracy
buildings). The SAL sensor is used as plug&play unit in
– independent of range
< 1,0m
both V127mm
Note: GPSand
BIASV155mm.
cannot be compensated on any GPS
system;
depends on
GPS availability
(location, munition,
For the
VULCANO
127mm
precision-guided
time, number
satellites,
etc,)
the FarIR
sensorof has
additionally
been developed to
 GPS
bias horizontal
to ~15m
andin the autonomous
effectively
engage
air andup
sea
targets
 GPS bias vertical up to ~32m
terminal homing mode (naval applications).
9. SAL Terminal Homing
< 1.5m
In the GPS-Mode, the target location error is set to zero
(nominal TLE ~25 to 50m).
Summary
The precision-guided munition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL
with dual-mode capability in the terminal homing phase
meets all user requirements. In particular, the SAL sensor
enables the engagement of single point targets (stationary
and moving) and small point targets (e.g. buildings). The
SAL sensor is used as plug&play unit in both V127mm and
V155mm.
For the VULCANO 127mm precision-guided munition, the
FarIR sensor has additionally been developed to effectively engage air and sea targets in the autonomous terminal
homing mode (naval applications).
10. FarIR Terminal Homing
< 5.0m
Author:
Dr.11.
Jürgen
Bohl Homing
GPS Terminal
3m to 15m
Target
locationGmbH
error TLE
= 0mKG
Diehl 
BGT
Defence
& Co.
 see Note 16
Fischbachstraße
12. Compatibility
with PzH2000
D-90552
Röthenbach
/ Peg. and
Portable
Fire Command Unit (pFCU) and
Phone:
+49-911-957-2068
Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg)
Fax: +49-911-957-2286
13. Target
impact effectiveness according to
E-mail:
[email protected]
requirements
Autor:
Dr. Jürgen Bohl
Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co. KG
Fischbachstraße 16
D-90552 Röthenbach / Peg.
Telefon: +49 911 957-2068
Telefax: +49 911 957-2286
Email: [email protected]
42
SPACIDO
1D Course correction fuze from JUNGHANS microtec
JUNGHANS microtec in cooperation with their partners,
Nexter Munitions and Zodiac Data Systems, is developing
and qualifying the 1D course correction fuze SPACIDO.
Oberview:
When tubefired artillery weapon systems are used with
conventional munitions, a large dispersion area is produced at the target area due to the influence of various factors; this dispersion is a dominant factor for the quantity of
rounds required for target engagement. Range dispersion
in line of fire, is significantly greater than the deflection.
1D course correction fuzes adjust the trajectory of the projectile in the firing direction (1-dimensional), and thereby
drastically reduce the longitudinal dispersion.
This overall enhancement of the firing precision reduces
the number of rounds required at long ranges by 50% at
minimum, in some cases by 90%, dependent upon the
type of target!
Design principle and sequence of SPACIDO operation and
function (see diagram):
The basic principle is based upon the programming of the
aiming point of the uncorrected trajectory slightly behind
the target, and by “airbraking” the projectile to increase
its aerodynamic drag at the correct time, and to achieve
accurate impact on the target.
After firing the projectile with a SPACIDO fuze, an modified
V0 radar system integrated in the howitzer, or a separate
radar device, measures the actual velocity profile of the
projectile in the first part of the trajectory. The SPACIDO
computer connected with the fire control system uses this
data to determine the deviation of the actual from the calculated trajectory to the target, and then calculates the
time required for the activation of the aerodynamic brake of SPACIDO (see fuze photo). The radar system then
transmits this time data in order for the activation of the
SPACIDO fuze via a radio link.
Muzzle velocity CCF
Trajectory monitoring with
1
3
Course correction using air
brake deployment
muzzle velocity radar
2
Course correction signal
sent to the fuze
(Time for air brake deployment)
Fuze terminal effect
activation
4
A Diehl and Thales Company
43
Fuze Design and System Components:
The SPACIDO fuze is based upon existing combat proven and multi-function fuze technology, en-hanced by the
previously mentioned aerodynamic brake system and the
inclusion of an electronic device for the reception of radio
timing signals. SPACIDO is simply screwed to the nose of
the muni-tions instead of a conventional fuze, and is compatible with all in-service 105mm and 155mm ammunition.
The SPACIDO ground station components can either be
integrated within the weapon system or mounted separately adjacent to the weapon system.
Programme status:
Within the framework of the development and qualification
programme commissioned by the French DGA (Délégation
Générale pour l’Armement), JUNGHANS microtec is responsible for the SPACIDO fuze, and NEXTER Munitions in
association with Zodiac Data Systems for the other system
compo-nents, for example the radar system. An important
milestone was already achieved in September 2011. It consisted in demonstrating SPACIDO system efficiency with
firings, by comparing the accuracy obtained with the system to the one obtained with standard ammunitions. The
qualification tests are currently being conducted and the
decisive firings to demonstrate the performance of the system at long ranges will be performed in autumn this year.
A foreign delegation also attended the firings, which were
jointly organized by the DGA, together with the industrial
partners. Following the successful qualification, the preparation of the serial production will start in 2015. The firing test results clearly demonstrated a dramatic enhancement of accuracy in comparison with standard projectiles.
In addition, a three-fold reduction of the firing dispersion
was confirmed, as well as significant enhancement of the
mean point of impact. Furthermore, the tests clearly demonstrated the maturity and successful functioning of our
fuze sys-tem fired from a 52 Cal. Weapon.
With the demonstrated system performance the risk of
possible collateral damages is significantly reduced as
well. This, in turn, increases the operational flexibility as
well as the combat capability of the overall weapon system, whilst simultaneously dramatically reducing the logistic burden in combat.
Besides the French DGA, who commissioned the development and qualification of SPACIDO, planned to conclude at the end of 2014, a number of other armed forces
have already expressed strong interest in the SPACIDO
system.
In view of their obvious benefits, 1D course correction
fuzes will replace conventional fuzes in many fields of
artillery, used as a cost-saving enhancement of combat
effectiveness for already existing munitions as well as
commissioned with future munitions. The decision whether to select SPACIDO or the GPS-supported 1D course
correction fuze European Correction Fuze (ECF), which is
intended to be developed at JUNGHANS microtec, is left
to the individual requirements of the user. Both systems
have their benefits and consequently their justifications.
Representatives of many armed forces assume today
that in the long term conventional artillery mu-nitions will
exclusively be fitted with course correction fuzes. These
munitions will be supplemented to a much smaller extent
by guided high and maximum precision artillery projectiles
which are required for operational effectiveness against
individual high-value targets as well as special operational
requirements, as “surgical” strike, in populated areas.
For editorial questions please contact:
Alexander Burger
Geschäftsfeldmanager Deutschland
JUNGHANS Microtec GmbH
Unterbergenweg 10
D-78655 Dunningen-Seedorf
Tel.:
0049 7402 181 - 325
Fax:
0049 7402 181 - 400
44
Reconnaissance, command and control,
engagement, training –
Rheinmetall as a partner of the artillery in the 21st century
Right from the start of its 125-year history, Rheinmetall has always been a trusted partner of the artillery corps. To this day, the pressing and drawing
technique for seamless barrels developed by Rheinmetall founder Heinrich Ehrhardt is still used in modern guns. Given its longstanding experience and
innovative competence in armoured vehicle technology, weapons, ammunition, reconnaissance sensors
and networking as well as training and simulation
solutions, Europe’s leading defence contractor offers a wide array of systems and products for 21st
century artillery units.
The 7.5 cm “System Ehrhardt” field gun – an early Rheinmetall
product (photo: Rheinmetall)
Reconnaissance and fire control
The Group’s Vingtaqs II long-range reconnaissance, observation and surveillance system is a top product in the
field of reconnaissance and fire control.
PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer in Afghanistan
(photo: German Bundeswehr)
Artillery remains indispensable in modern military operations – even in asymmetric conflicts. Its precision and
firepower enable maximum scalability, ranging from a
show of force using carefully placed warning shots to
screening the movements of friendly units with smoke/
obscurant rounds, to denying the enemy access to critical terrain, breaking up enemy formations and destroying
high-value assets. Moreover, today’s “Disciples of St Barbara” also play a central role in joint tactical fire support
operations.
Rheinmetall supplies advanced, high-performance components covering every link in the operational chain: reconnaissance, command and control, and engagement.
Another core competency of the Düsseldorf-based Group
is its unsurpassed ability to network individual components
into highly effective “systems of systems”. Finally, Rheinmetall’s outstanding simulation technology makes a major
contribution to preparing troops for battle.
Vingtaqs II, vehicle-supported and dismounted (photo: Rheinmetall)
Equipped with an electro-optical daytime/night time-capable visual sensor and a laser rangefinder, the Vingtaqs II
can determine the exact coordinates of a target at long distances from the position of the forward observer. A standalone system, it can be deployed in static or dismounted
mode, or mounted on a wide variety of different vehicles.
The system also features instruments for laser-enabled
target detection, making it suitable for forward air controller operations. The accuracy of target acquisition for indirect fire support attains Category 1 level. And owing to its
45
outstanding modularity, it can be readily adapted to meet
individual customer requirements, e.g. by adding surveillance radar. Vingtaqs II meets the full gamut of requirements for joint tactical fire support.
In addition, Rheinmetall offers a whole host of other devices for surveillance and fire control operations, including
the FOI 2000 forward observation system. This compact,
lightweight, advanced instrument was developed to enable precise target acquisition day and night.
For artillery and mortar systems, Rheinmetall offers the
Vingpos fire control system. It is suitable for self-propelled and towed artillery pieces as well as mortars. Vingpos serves as an aid to navigation, surveying the firing
position, and aiming. This substantially reduces the time
until the system can open fire. Furthermore, the Vingpos
improves flexibility in positioning as well as overall accuracy.
Target engagement:
155mm weapon systems and ammunition
Armed with a Rheinmetall 155mm L52 gun, the PzH
2000 self-propelled howitzer is widely considered to be
the world’s most advanced and effective artillery system.
The weapon itself is characterized by extreme precision.
Moreover, chrome plating and laser hardening assure a
long service life. Thanks to its automatic loader, this accurate and reliable weapon system achieves a high rate
of fire, while attaining ranges of up to 30km with standard
NATO shells, and up to 40km with extended range projectiles. The modularly designed gun can also be built
into other self-propelled howitzers and field artillery systems.
this assembly with a base bleed module, even under field
conditions. With a barrel length of 39 calibres, an Assegai
BB projectile attains a range of over 30 kilometres. Fired
from a 52-calibre barrel, the range can exceed 40 kilometres. The Assegai ammunition family complies fully with
the NATO Joint Ballistics Memorandum of Understanding
(JBMOU) and has been tested in accordance with STANAG norms. Furthermore, Assegai rounds have been fired
successfully with the Panzerhaubitze 2000 self-propelled
howitzer. Rheinmetall intends to qualify the entire Assegai
family for NATO customers.
Rheinmetall’s modular propelling charge system, the
MPCS, was introduced in the German Bundeswehr in
1996, codenamed the DM72 and DM82. Owing to heightened operational requirements, the DM 72 was upgraded
to the DM92, now safe for use in extreme climate zones at
+63°C. The MTLS was developed and qualified for use in
NATO standard 155mm L39 and L52 guns, and is the only
system anywhere that meets the requirements set out in
the JBMOU.
Target engagement: 120mm mortar systems
Two recent additions to the Bundeswehr inventory are the
120mm mortar and Rheinmetall’s mobile Mortar Combat
System, which uses the Wiesel fighting vehicle as a platform. The Wiesel 2 lePzMrs mortar track serves as the effector of this lightweight, air-portable, networkable system
of systems, which combines command, reconnaissance
and engagement capabilities.
In order to address a broad spectrum of targets, modern
artillery systems require a balanced mix of highly effective ammunition designed for different scenarios. Rheinmetall’s family of 155mm Assegai artillery ammunition
meets this need. It comprises insensitive ammunition and
conventional HE rounds as well as smoke/obscurant, illumination, infrared/illumination and other projectiles. In
ballistic terms, all members of the Assegai family are identical. This assures that they are all able to attain their full
range of around 40km.
Standard Assegai rounds feature a conventional boat tail
assembly. To boost their range, the customer can replace
Wiesel 2 lightweight mortar track
(photo: JPW/www.strategie-technik.blogspot.de)
Assegai ammunition family (photo: Rheinmetall)
46
Equipped with a low-recoil 120mm muzzle-loader mortar designed for conventional ammunition with a range of
8,000m as well as for terminal-phase guided munitions,
the weapon is operated and reloaded from the safety of the
fighting compartment, which shields the crew from ballistic
and NBC threats. Thanks to automatic laying, elevation
and position determination, plus fully automatic correction
of the weapon position round after round, rapid readiness
to fire and high precision are assured. Able to move at high
speed from one firing position to another, the Wiesel 2 lePzMrs is extremely well suited to hide-hit-run-hide tactics.
for the Norwegian programme is designed for the British
L16A2 81mm mortar, but it can also be adapted to receive
120mm mortars.
Besides high explosive, smoke/obscurant and illumination
rounds, Rheinmetall’s innovative family of 120mm ammunition includes a newly developed propellant system. Long
maximum range (up to eight kilometres) and high precision typify these state-of-the-art projectiles.
120mm mortar ammunition family (Foto: Rheinmetall)
The IHE round is optimized for semi-hard targets. Apart
from substantially improved fragmentation, with the right
fuse it is capable of penetrating reinforced concrete in accordance with STANAG 4536, while the HE version has all
the insensitive characteristics required by STANAG 4170.
The smoke/obscurant projectile contains four smoke/obscurant pods, whose design is based on the DM1560 in
the already-fielded 155mm smoke/obscurant round, the
DM125. The smoke/obscurant compound used is the
same, and is thus non-toxic. Moreover, it produces the
same excellent concealment in the visual and infrared
spectrums.
Finally, the infrared/illumination round enables excellent battlefield illumination in the IR spectrum from 0.7 to
1.2μm, with a minimal signature in the visual spectrum for
approximately 45 seconds and a rate of descent of <6m/s.
Common to all of these 120mm mortar rounds is a propellant system based on El propellant powder, which displays
excellent characteristics with regard to temperature stability, energy content, storage and system compatibility.
Rheinmetall also offers complete ammunition families for
81mm and 60mm mortars.
On behalf of the Norwegian armed forces, Rheinmetall
has also developed the Vingpos mortar weapon system.
It consists of a carriage with integrated hydraulic recoil
shock absorbers, a customer-specific fire control computer, operator interface and base plate.
The carriage weighs around 618 kilos; with the base
plate, the entire system comes to 998 kilos. Specifically
designed for integration in the CV90 infantry fighting vehicle, the system can also be deployed in dismounted mode.
Target data is acquired via various sensors and command
and information systems, or entered manually. At the push
of a button, the mortar orients itself in the direction of the
target, with a laying accuracy of under 5 mils. The carriage
Vingpos mortar weapon system with built-in 81mm mortar
(photo: JPW/www.strategie-technik.blogspot.de)
Training
While simulation-supported training will never fully replace
the live-fire variety, it nevertheless offers valuable opportunities for low-cost initial, continuing and advanced training.
Here, too, Rheinmetall is one of the world’s leading suppliers of training and simulation technologies.
In cooperation with eurosimtec, Rheinmetall’s Training &
Simulation division has developed the Joint Fires Training
System, or JFTS. Among other things, it is used for training forward artillery and forward air observers, enabling
trainees to practise a full range of tactical air support procedures at all skill levels as well as calling in direct and
indirect fire support. The system can be used for individual
training of forward observers, joint terminal attack controllers and laser operators. Team-level training for joint fire
support teams is also possible. Finally, the JFTS is suitable for higher-echelon training as well, and can also be
used in a mission rehearsal context.
Modular and scalable, the JFTS is based on Rheinmetall’s
TacSi simulation technology, augmented by Virtual Battlespace (VBS), a well-known product from the serious
gaming domain. As a result, the JFTS combines Rheinmetall’s unsurpassed simulation expertise with tried-andtested serious gaming technology. This enhances customer acceptance, as VBS is used in simulation-supported
training worldwide.
JFTS meets the full range of military requirements, from
lecture hall instruction to high-fidelity FAC simulations,
and is qualified for NATO standard operating procedures.
47
JFST soldier of the German 313st Airborne
Battalion in action
(Photo: Bundeswehr/FSchJgBtl 313)
Customer-specific sensors, weapons and C4I assets can
be incorporated into the system, contributing to a comprehensive, highly realistic training experience.
Rheinmetall and eurosimtec are currently drawing on their
JFTS experience and expertise to complete a recently won order for regenerating the BT33 gunnery training
simulator.
Outlook
Throughout much of its 125-year history, Rheinmetall has
maintained close ties to the world of artillery. The Group
continues to build on the tremendous know-how it has accumulated over the decades, ensuring it will go on serving
artillery users for many years to come, steadily perfecting
their reconnaissance, networking, command, fire control,
engagement, logistics and training capabilities.
Author:
Team of authors, Rheinmetall Defence
Point of contact at Rheinmetall:
Oliver Hoffmann
Head of Public Relations
Rheinmetall-Platz 1
D-40476 Düsseldorf
Phone: +49 (0) 211 473-4748
Internet: www.rheinmetall-defence.com
48
The eye of the JFST:
The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Platform BAA II
Airbus DS Optronics GmbH has been developing, manufacturing and producing highly modern optical
and optronic devices for military, civilian and security applications for more than 120 years. They are
used for monitoring, identifying and classifying and for precise measuring, evaluating and targeting. We
are proud to support the world’s leading armed and security forces with our field-proven equipment. Our
optronic devices are used for sea, land, air and space missions on a number of platforms. These include
submarines and armoured vehicles as well as airplanes, satellites and UAVs. Our systems make rapid
and detailed reconnaissance for border security and the protection of critical infrastructure around the
world possible.
Since October 2012 the company has combined the optical and optronic precision technology from Carl Zeiss
Optronics with the know-how of Airbus Defence and Space as a global market leader in defence and security
technology.
As part of the introduction of the “Armed Forces Joint
Tactical Fire Support” (JFS), the Bundeswehr procured a
modified version of the Light Armoured Reconnaissance
Vehicle FENNEK for Joint Fire Support Teams (JFST). It
differs significantly in the domain of the optronic sensors.
While the vehicle of the Army Reconnaissance Troops
(Heeresaufklärungstruppe) is equipped with the Surveillance and Reconnaissance Platform BAA I, the Artillery’s
capability requirements concerning their equipment (BAA
II) were considerably higher. As a result of technological
progress we were able to include newer sensors that were
not yet available on the market at the time of the BAA I
procurement.
The BAA II is equipped with modern high performance sensors: a high resolution CCD camera and a cooled thermal
imager of the third generation (“ATTICA”). The generation
change from OPHELIOS to ATTICA was a crucial step, as
ATTICA offers an image quality that significantly exceeds
that of the previous model OPHELIOS. The modern image
fusion function allows to combine the data of the thermal
imager with those of the daytime camera. That lets the soldier recognize details not visible to the human eye, to then
take the best decision on the basis of the optimized image. The BAA II furthermore consists of an eye-safe laser
rangefinder and a laser target illuminator. With these, the
soldier can mark, illuminate and assign targets, thus shortening the overall reaction time required. The target data
identified by the BAA II can be processed by the ADLER
combat and weapon control system (CWCS). The developers at Airbus DS Optronics were able to significantly increase the laser range finding performance as compared
to the BAA I and to improve the ranges considerably.
Both, the cooled thermal imager ATTICA and
the CCD daytime camera (Charge-Coupled
Device) offer four fields of view. These grant
the viewer both, a broad overview as well as
the possibility to recognize even the smallest
details. The Surveillance and Reconnaissance
Platform allows the user to recognize targets
at a distance of up to 16 kilometres and to accurately identify them at up to 5 kilometres.
The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Platform is set to support the soldier’s work,
particularly on long missions. Thanks to the
new image processing software, the user no
longer needs to watch the screen continuously, which in the past often led to fatigue
phenomena. The automatic motion detection
supports the soldier when monitoring the battlefield for a long time and warns him, if and
when a potential threat approaches.
The BAA II can be used outside the vehicle with a remote
control. Without having to adjust the BAA II, it can be used
on a pole or a tripod for example. Its modular design allows the system to be easily integrated into already existing information and command systems and optionally
upgrade it at any time.
49
BAA “New Generation” (BAA NG) is an option for
future procurements of the Fennek JFST, the projected “heavy JFST” and “air transportable JFST”,
as well as for a conceivable product improvement
of the existent Fennek JFST. For instance, Airbus
DS Optronics offers a new colour camera, that was
developed in-house.
As a result of the technological progress very powerful colour cameras can now meet the range requirements of the JFST. That was not yet the case
when the Fennek JFST was projected. For the user
that signifies a number of advantages, including a
significantly facilitated target identification for the
crew.
With the BAA II, the German artillery has very powerful and mission-proven sensor technology at its
command. Based on the continued development of
the sensors, a further increase in performance for
the overall system Joint Fires / STF will be possible
in a few years.
Airbus DS Optronics GmbH has analysed the
operational experience to date in close cooperation with the Federal Office of Bundeswehr
Equipment, Information Technology and In-Service Support (BAAINBw), the Army Concepts
and Capabilities Development Centre (Amt für
Heeresentwicklung), the Artillery School and
mission-experienced JFSTs.
These experiences are already included in the
development of the successor system of the
BAA II. On the grounds of its modularity, this
Contact:
Wolfgang Geiß
Airbus DS Optronics GmbH
Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 22
D-73447 Oberkochen
Telephone: +49 7364 9557-245
Facsimile: +49 7364 502 4907
Mobile:
+49 171 2246946
[email protected]
www.airbusdefenceandspace.com
50
Joint Fire Support –
more flexibility with guided missiles
MBDA Germany’s Joint Fire Support-Missile
Joint fire support is a key to success in all ground operations on account of its enormous fire power, its rapid
response time and the constant threat it poses to hostile combatants. And it will always be so – provided that
legacy systems can keep up with the emerging scenarios of tomorrow’s battlefields. A new concept of MBDA
Deutschland provides the use of guided missiles within all
armed forces in joint fire support missions. Guided missiles will facilitate combating stationary point targets and
moving targets from short ranges up to over 150km – particularly in complex scenarios. The conceptual approach
of a Joint Fire Support Missile Family, is based on the use
of technologies already available, including existing systems and platforms, and is able to be realised within a
short period of time at low cost.
The requirements of the capability profile regarding effects
on target and the exceptional importance of joint fire support on the future battlefield formed the basis for all project
considerations. Within this capability profile, a distinction
is made between the ground-based direct and indirect
effect, and between combating point and area targets. The
concept also can be used for special forces as well as for
air- and seaborne effect against ground targets.
Particularly the requirement for indirect fire against point
targets in urban environments and difficult terrain against
mechanised, armoured and unarmoured irregular forces
presents a special challenge for today’s systems. Joint fire
support missions involving different service branches require interservice planning and coordination.
The Joint Fire Support Missile project of MBDA Germany takes into account a variety of aspects to achieve enhanced flexibility through the use of guided missiles:
• Integration in the reconnaissance-command and
control-fire support loop
• Scalable effect
• Missile trajectory and target planning
• Mission abort capability
• Joint Fire Support Missile Family
51
Integration in the reconnaissance-command and
control-fire support loop
In order to precisely combat point targets, effectors must
be able to navigate and hit very precise. The precision of
the effector depends on the reconnaissance-command
and control-fire support loop. For instance, imprecise
determination of own position and angular errors in
reconnaissance contribute to target location error. In command and control, planners are confronted with different
reference systems, which could lead to rounding errors
during transformation of coordinates. Hit accuracy is generally restricted due to navigation errors of the effectors
and external factors such as beam divergence and update
rate of laser target illuminators. Solutions on the basis of
3D terrain data for target location and designation will help
to minimize those errors.
This method is fully passive (no electromagnetic emission)
and enables GPS-independent target designation. Also,
this method is complete independent on the perspective of
involved sensors and on the target signature. A reconnaissance-command and control-fire support loop based on
3D data facilitates a phased approach that enables effect
through standoff-capable and even more precise combating of point targets. Particularly in the area of 3D target
designation, MBDA Germany has many years of experience with the operational weapon system TAURUS KEPD
350.
explosive is prevented from detonating and is modified to
ensure that no residual explosive remains. The technology
is tested and can be used in a wide range of effectors.
Missile trajectory and target planning
Experts predict that the complexity of today’s battlefields
will increase further in future. The battlefield will become
even more difficult to keep track of: while own forces must
engage opponents amid civilian infrastructure, airspace
coordination will concurrently become ever more complex
due to the deployment of allied manned or unmanned airborne systems. Guided missiles would give Joint Fire Support commanders the option of planning the missile trajectory, cruising altitude and target impact: a potentially major
advantage. All these functions enable missions that would
otherwise be impossible. For example, a guided missile is
able to spear its way through busy airspace regions. After
being launched, the missile would quickly descend to an
altitude between 2,000 and 3,000 meters without endangering UAVs and rotary wing aircraft operating at altitudes
of up to 2000m and larger airborne platforms in an altitude
above 3000m.
Joint Fire Support missile trajectory and target planning
Solutions on the basis of 3D terrain data for target location and
designation are available
Scalable effect
Today, missions in asymmetrical scenarios call for high
precision and a warhead with an effectiveness accurately
adapted to the type of target in order to minimize or completely avoid collateral damages. The German warhead
systems company TDW has developed a new effector
technology with which armed forces can achieve scalable target adapted effectiveness. This advanced warhead
technology provides new capabilities for joint fire support
missions: what is detonated is just a pre-selectable proportion of the explosive, sufficient to meet the requirements
and not a detonation of the entire warhead. It enables the
effect of the warhead to be adjusted to match the mission
requirement even shortly before impact. The remaining
52
Definition of flight corridors is not necessary, minimizing
the overhead for airspace coordination.
The precision strike capability of guided missiles simplifies
operations, minimizes the risk of collateral damage and
reduces mission costs.
Mission abort capability
Technically, implementing mission abort capabilities in effectors is simple. A variety of solution possibilities are conceivable, such as target change, controlled crash or destruction of the effector in flight. A target change requires
either a link to the effector, e.g. an RF datalink, or, within
extremely narrow parameters, can be realized using a laser target illuminator. For a controlled crash or destruction
in flight, by contrast, the question of UXO formation and
the resulting damage zone must be discussed. In principle, the operational parameters for this functionality have
not yet been clarified completely. For example, it is not
clear on what basis and when the abort decision is taken
or where an effector should impact the ground and at what
distance. Nevertheless, technologies, to enable mission
abort capability, already exist.
Joint Fire Support Missile Family
In the past, missile developments in particular were initiated from the scratch, to meet the capability requirement.
That is no longer possible in times of shrinking budgets.
The MBDA concept responds to this challenge with modular guided missile concepts – the Joint Fire Support Missile
Family. It is based on the use of off-the-shelf components.
This modularized approach enables a varied weapon port-
folio to be fired from different platforms. Implementation is
possible with minimum additional cost and effort.
The joint fire support approach additionally presents the
opportunity to reduce costs for training and logistics significantly using a family concept.
The solutions outlined here open up new solutions for joint
fire support missions. The bundling of the optimum use of
reconnaissance, command and control and precise longrange effectors in the mission area ensures the greatest
possible protection of soldiers. In this context MBDA Germany has been developed a new Joint Fire Support simulation environment specifically to adapt the conceptual
design to the needs of armed forces.
Joint Fire Support
simulation environment at
MBDA Germany
Contact:
MBDA Deutschland GmbH
Jörg Müller, BDF
Hagenauer Forst 27
D-86529 Schrobenhausen
53
Artillery Command & Control
System ADLER –
The backbone for Joint Fire Support
History of the German
Command & Control System ADLER
Since the beginning of the 1980s ESG is responsible
for the development of the Command & Control System
ADLER for the German artillery. In more than 30 years
of partnership with the German artillery ESG developed a
world-wide unique tactical and technical understanding of
the procedures for the artillerymen in the field.
ADLER I was the first enrolment in the year 1995. It connected all sensors and effectors of the German artillery
and gave a totally new freedom and availability to the user.
Due to the networked communication line the Forward
Observer (FO) did not have to work with only one static
howitzer platoon. With ADLER he was able to just issue a
target report with a specified desired effect and his superiors would decide with which platoon the forward observer
would fight. This did not only accelerate the workflow, but
gave him and his superiors a much greater availability of
platoons as they were able to fall back to the artillery of the
whole division and not only of their brigade.
ADLER network with connected entities
54
Since the mid-1980s interoperability became also a task
for ADLER. In 1985 a first interoperability test between ADLER and the United States Army system TacFire took place
which encouraged all involved personnel to proceed. At
the beginning of the 1990s it was decided to join the three
artillery interoperability programmes between USA&DEU,
DEU&GBR and GBR&USA. The result of this fusion was
the Artillery Systems Cooperation Activities (ASCA), which
became a true success for interoperability of the attached
armies. Soon after forming ASCA the French and Italian
artillery joined the programme. The latest member within
ASCA that proved it’s interoperability within the Operational Evaluation (OE) is Turkey. Since 2004 ASCA is fielded
in all involved countries and proved it’s operational value
in many multinational exercises since than.
In 2006 ADLER II was fielded as a major upgrade to ADLER I. ADLER II received a new Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) which provided the user in a more direct way to
interact with the system and gave him also a better map
based situational picture compared to ADLER I.
ADLER III
From 2009 until 2012 ESG developed the third upgrade
of ADLER which had a focus on Joint Fire Support procedures. Since 2013 the adaption of the conversion of all
connected systems as shown in picture “ADLER network”
is taking place. After this ADLER III will be rolled out in the
German artillery and providing the backbone for Joint Fire
support for the German Forces.
The HMI of ADLER III is, according to the expectations of
a new generation of users, optimised for use by touch. The
user is guided through the system by traffic light colors
and significant symbols. This leads directly to a shorter
training time, less stress faster usage and more safety by
the usage of the system.
Firefights as well as orders and the responses to these are
graphically reprocessed for the user by workflows. So the
user gets at a glance the status of the overall workflow, the
involved units and his opportunities of action.
The Decision Support Tool prioritizes incoming Target Reports according to values set by the user as origin of the
target report, area of the target, Joint High Value / Joint
High-Pay-Off Target List, age of the target report, etc.
When the user decides to fight against a target ADLER
suggests with which combination of effectors the engagements should be done. This suggestion is calculated by
the availability & range of the different effectors, their payload / ammunition according to the desired effect. The effectors within ADLER III are not limited to artillery systems
and incorporate also air force and navy assets.
HMI or integrated in ADLER without an extra HMI, with
and without virtual machines for easy integration in other
systems.
Mobile Command & Control Equipment (MOBIFAST)
For dismounted operations ESG designed a mobile Command & Control Equipment named MOBIFAST which connects via radio to the ADLER network and to the sensor
system Nyxus of the dismounted Joint Fire Support Team
(JFST). MOBIFAST allows the JFST to leave their vehicle
and still have the full capabilities as mounted on the vehicle. The software part of MOBIFAST incorporates also the
functionality of Rosetta Firestorm, to which a direct interface for information exchange was realised, so that Rosetta information can be pushed into the ADLER network and
the other way around.
Interface container Tactical Data Links
Joint Fire Support
To realise Joint Fire Support a common (joint) information space between army, air force and navy is imminent.
While the air force and navy is used to work in international environments even with their command and control
system, the army is not. This and the totally different base
of communication infrastructure is the reason why air force
and navy use international communication networks like
Link16 or Variable Message Format (VMF) for a long time
and the army does not.
ADLER has the ability to use a wide bandwidth of tactical
radios from HF until UHF and provides near-realtime communication with these. Automatic routing over the ADLER
network allows to use different radios for different tactical
levels. For example a command post may hold a satellite
connection to a Forward Observer and a HF connection to
an effector. By the usage of ADLER all messages between
the FO and the effectors are automatically transferred over
the command post without any interaction of a third entity.
The system also incorporates a chat-function which allows
single and groupchats comparable to smartphones by the
usage of the above mentioned radio network. The user
has for every message within the chat a status, that tells
him if the message was successfully transferred, delivered
to and read by the chat partner. The chat module also has
a XMPP interface to connect to standard Chatservers as
for example used by the NATO (i.e. JChat).
All ADLER entities which use a Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS) can provide their position over the radio
network to other entities. The user decides by which tactical symbol according to APP6 he wants to be represented
on the other systems. Moreover he is able to decide how
often his position should be updated by time and covered
distance.
As shown in picture “Adler network” ADLER is connected to many different sensors and effectors. To minimize
the work costs with individual software releases and necessary adaptions ESG developed the interface module,
which provides simple XML-standard information to other
systems and tactical information to the user. The interface
module is highly flexible and can be used with it’s own
Workstations in the interface container
The mission of the Interface container is to solve this problem. It connects the army using the ADLER network to the
air force and navy using Link16, VMF and a ADLER interface using HF communication for the newest frigate of the
German navy.
Moreover the interface container also solves a security issue, that came up with Joint Fire Support: Due to German
regulations the tactical level of the German army cannot
work with information systems classified higher than confidential. The air force and navy normally works with information systems classified secret. To solve this issue
the security gateway was installed, that separates the two
security spaces and only allows information to pass, if it
has the right security level.
With the interface container all assets of the air force
and navy as well as information provided by these can
55
be used by the German army and the other way around.
This means, for example that the German artillery has
via ADLER a direct connection to an air force fighter
bomber. More than this the interface container enables
the German army not only to joint operations but also
to combined ones as Link16 and VMF are international
standards.
Joint Fire Support Coordination Team
In the German Joint Fire Support Process the first coordination element is the Joint Fire Support Coordination
Team (JFSCT). It is equipped with the armoured transport vehicle Fuchs, in which the whole IT equipment was
planned and designed by ESG. The JFSCT Fuchs can be
mission specific equipped with different radios according
by the user. The wide range of support reaches from HF
up to UHF for satellite communication.
Inside the JFSCT Fuchs
TARANIS® Theatre
TARANIS® Theatre is the solution for the highest command levels. It is designed for office like working environments and supports service oriented architectures. Therefore the TARANIS® Theatre user interface is completely
webbased. TARANIS® Theatre comes with a wide range
of interoperability standards like Multilateral Interoperability Programme (MIP) Baseline 2 and 3.1, NATO Friendly
Forces Information (NFFI), ADEM, NATO Vector Graphics
(NVG), Automatic Identification System (AIS) and many
more.
TARANIS® Battlefield
TARANIS® Battlefield is the solution for the tactical level
in single vehicles and mobile command posts. ADLER is a
derivate from TARANIS® Battlefield.
TARANIS® Soldier
The newest part of TARANIS® is TARANIS® Soldier. It
is especially designed for dismounted soldiers and uses
Smartphones and Tablets. It is designed to give soldiers
a fast and easy connection to the next higher level and
provides therefore all main functions as Situational Awareness using maps and APP6 symbols, messaging and
chat. TARANIS® Soldier can be easily connected to external sensors. With augmented reality the system provides
a better situational awareness especially in markless environments like deserts or jungels.
ESG was selected as the supplier of the Joint Fire Support
C²IS for the federal armed forces of Germany, because of
more than 40 years of ESG experience and competence
in IT solutions for armed forces. The predecessor versions
of ADLER III, which were also developed by ESG, were
fielded and proved in combat in the Afghanistan and Kosovo theatre.
With this vehicle the JFSCT is able to support different
missions with different communication ranges.
Joint Fire Support Coordination Group
The next level for the coordination elements is called Joint
Fire Suport Coordination Group (JFSCG). The JFSCG is
the first level in which all representatives of all military
branches are present. The ESG concept of the JFSCG
consists of three standard 20-feet-container, which can
be interconnected by replacing the sides of the container. This gives the whole personnel of the group enough
space for their individual workstations, which are all interconnected by a collaboration network. Big screens at one
side of the container available to all workstations allow
to show relevant information for planning, decision and
briefings.
TARANIS Networked Enabled Solution Suite
ADLER III and all of the above shortly described JFS solutions profit from the ESG development of the TARANIS®
Networked Enabled Solution Suite (TARANIS® NESS).
The development of the Suite began in 2006 and is continuously adapted to the needs of customers. TARANIS®
NESS allows ESG to rapidly build customer specific systems. TARANIS® consists of three building blocks, that
represent different tactical levels and working environments. Of course all three building blocks are completely
interoperable with each other.
56
ESGs concept of the JFSCG
ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH
D-82256 Furstenfeldbruck, Germany
Livry-Gargan-Str. 6
Andreas Schiel
Project Manager
Maritime & Ground Systems Division
Business Unit Tactical Systems
Phone: +49 89 9216-2012
Fax:
+49 89 9216-16-2012
Internet: http://www.esg.de
Simulation & Training
Train where you fight
Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) by Saab –
Virtual training solution close to reality on the battle field
ally concerning the region, the opponent and for the
armed forces-common fire fight near to reality and allow the other a programmable and when required also
changeable practise course.
View out of a FAC/JTAC training position.
For the armed forces in use application which want
to carry out exercises to educate their troops close to reality in the battle field, are training systems
at a reasonable price and actual application training
systems, supported on an exhaustive and radio-supported communication infrastructure of the highest
importance. In meeting of increasing asymmetrical
menaces military discussions cannot be fought any
more by troops of a single part quarrel strength, but
must be fought accordingly of the respective abilities
armed forces-together. In addition, experiences have
shown that an application-preparatory training, based
on the local occurrences available in the operational
area and environmental conditions, is of essential meaning for the fight ability of the troops.
Exercise battle field with participating training stations.
With the possibility becoming more slightly active Close
Air Support (CAS) by fighter aircrafts during exercises, the
need arises in qualified Forward Air Controller (FAC) to target announcements and coordination of own land troops
and air attacks within the scope of the Close Air Support.
Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®)
Saab‘s Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFTS®) is able to
close exactly this unsatisfied demand. JFIST® is a joint
fires training solution, which can support the education for
the application of linked weapons by supply of complicated combat scenarios under use of a variety of platforms,
sensors and ammunition kinds in special area forms.
JFIST ® is already in use by armed forces and finds out a
high recognition and satisfaction of the users in all phases
of the training from base education up to the illustration of
combat scenarios close to reality. As a precursor, the Joint
Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) was already developed
in 2005 on basis of the US doctrine “Tactics, Techniques,
Procedures (TTP)”after evaluation by topical operations.
Elements of a virtual scenario.
The Swedish armament group Saab offers for numerous forces worldwide simulation for education. Since middle of 1980 Saab also supports the German
Bundeswehr with the simulator-supported combat
training systems for armoured vehicles and antitank
weapons as part of the duel simulator programm
“Ausbildungsgeräte Duellsimulator/Education Device
Duel Simulator (AGDUS)”. Saab has now created with
the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) a platform
with which application scenarios can be shown virtu-
In narrow cooperation of Saab experts and military users
of the armed forces, the JFIST® was finally brought into
first use in 2009. From the outset the system of the progressive development was adapted with simulation systems and changes of the application procedures as well
as the military equipment according to the guidelines of
Simulated Military Equipment (SME).
JFIST® supports the whole spectrum of training duties within
the scope NATO-STANAG 3797 - JTAC MOA (Joint Terminal
Attack Controller - Memorandum of Agreement) and would
be also usable to the education according to the concept
“Streitkräftegemeinsame Taktische Feuerunterstützung/Joint
Fires Support (STF)” of the German Bundeswehr. JFIST®
is a system basing on Windows and can be pursued with
customary standard PCs as well as with laptops. On account
57
of the modular structure of JFIST® an integration of special
hardware and software is possible with only low risk.
JFIST® is more than only one system with given procedure expiries, but allows the simulation of combat scenarios
which are leant very closely to realistic situations on the
battle field. The system can be used for so called “Single
Role Training” and for “Collaborative Training” and is also
offered as a portable mobile solution.
Using the Single Role Training, it can be trained under the
following positions:
– Forward Air Controller,
– Joint Fires Observers oder Close Air Support Observers,
– Laser Operators,
– Forward Observers,
– Fire Support Officers,
– On Scene Commander,
– Joint Fires Cell Personnel and
– Pilots.
Training work station.
Simulated Military Equipment (SME)
High fidelity in feel and function
Several SMEs can be connected to one position
SME can easily be changed between exercises
All channels are synchronized
All views and settings can be recorded and viewed at the
Instructors position
Using the Collaborative Training, different positions can be
inserted together in the training programme.
Train where you fight
The 3D-virtual surroundings are provided by means of
standard geographic data and allow therefore a very realistic representation of the training field. A comprehensive
simulation cores, real data of the World Geodetic System
- WGS84, are used on basis of the Worldwide Positioning
System – GPS for JFIST® solutions as well as generic
components (GECO). The 3D-virtual surroundings are
complemented with data from a digital topographic height
model as well as with infrastructure data to the representation by urbane cultivation. In addition other simulations
like day, night, and dusk as well as of every kind of the
weather events are possibly. For the recording of realistic
exercise scenarios, JFIST® disposes of data from nearly
all weapon systems such as:
Commercial in confidence
Simulated Military Equipment (SME).
– combat aircraft, helicopters and UAS,
– battle tanks, armoured vehicles and trucks, trucks and
passenger cars, self-propelled artillery and air defence
systems,
– soldiers, combatants and civilians.
Aerial-dynamic scenarios, battle damage assessment,
lines of fire of artillery and air to ground weapon systems,
damage simulation and sensor effects and can be played in dependent on situation are available to show situations close to reality. Debriefings and After Action Reviews
(AAR) can be carried out very detailed after single exercise
segments on basis of monitor recordings and undesirable
trends of the training can be corrected.
Virtual training on the desktop trainer is close to reality on the
battle field.
Saab’s JFIST® is unquestionably an innovative simulation
system, which can establish possible application scenarios near to reality and can explain and support the means
of Joint Fires Support within the scope of training and playable in menace situations.
For information and contact:
Saab International Deutschland GmbH
Phone: +49 30 40899660-0
Fax:
+49 30 40899660-9
Internet: www.saabgroup.com
58
Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer
You bury your soaking hands under your chest trying
to get some heat into your fingers; they are so numb after lying in the same spot for 48Hrs. Now you need to
write the target coordinates down but you can hardly feel
the protractor in your hand as you try to align it with the
grid-lines on your map. Even the simplest tasks can become a challenge when exposed to the reality a soldier
or an officer experience in the field; yet every millimeter
or procedure is vital for mission success and for safety of
own troops. Only proper training, evaluation and validation over and over again can effectively mitigate the risks
associated with warfare.
With the reality in mind, SAAB the manufacturer of the
Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST), tries to incorporate
Lessons Learned from around the Joint Fires community
into their virtual environment believing simulation plays
an important role in the day to day training.
The JFIST team holds a holistic approach to the aspects
of Joint Fires training; they believe it’s not only about the
JTAC or Forward Observer in the field but also important
to train the decision makers involved in merging information from different assets, for example UAS feeds with
information from an Electronic Warfare unit. You should
effectively be able to train all roles and if needed, try a
new constellation for test and evaluation purposes.
Meeting the simulator certification requirements associated with JTAC training will always be a baseline
requirement but far from the only. SAAB believes that
being a supplier of a “Joint” simulator comes with responsibility, not only by developing realistic features, integrating with real equipment and third party simulators but
also by supporting the product throughout the lifecycle
and providing competent personnel servicing exercises
when needed.
Airspace de-confliction
during CAS employment.
For information and contact:
Saab International Deutschland GmbH
Phone: +49 30 40899660-0
Fax:
+49 30 40899660-9
Internet: www.saabgroup.com
59
Mobile und
and deployable
IT platforms
for
Mobile
verlegefähige
IT-Plattformen
command
support on missions im Einsatz
für
die Führungsunterstützung
Zukünftige
Einsätze
der German
Bundeswehr
Future missions
of the
Army werden
will takevorrangig
primary
multinational
und Streitkräfte
gemeinsam
place in both (combined)
combined (multinational)
and joint
Armed
(joint)
stattfinden.
Forces.
Solche
Operationen
erfordern
für einecommand
erfolgreiche
DurchSuch operations
require
appropriate
and
conführung
bedarfsgerechte
Führungsmittel.
trol equipment for successful execution. High performance
Hierbei
bekommen
leistungsstarke
Informationsinformation
and communication
systems
serve as an und
imKommunikationssysteme
als Grundlage für eine vernetzte
portant basis for a linked operation.
Operationsführung eine besondere Bedeutung.
The Commander requires a mission system which is able
Der
militärische
Führer
braucht
ein Einsatzsystem,
das
to transport
the huge
amounts
of data
required for modern
die
großen
Mengen
von
Daten
hochmoderner
Sensoren
sensors quickly and safely creating an extensive overview
schnell
und sicher
transportiert
und in nahezu Echtzeit zu
of the situation,
in (almost)
real time.
einem umfassenden Lagebild aufbereitet.
He needs an operational system that enables him to make
Er benötigt ein System, das ihn unterstützt – auf Grundlage
decisions according to the actual circumstances - based
dieses hoch detaillierten Lagebilds verknüpft mit weiteren
on this highly detailed situation awareness linked with adFührungsinformationen – situationsangepasste Entscheiditional current information.
dungen zu treffen.
If necessary,
the geht
fast, das
optimized
individual
weapons
Wenn
notwendig
bis hin use
zumof
schnellen,
optimierten
can be achieved,
a more
cross-system
weapon effect.
Einsatz
einzelner or
Waffen
oder
wirksystemübergreifender
To comply with these expectations, several requirements
Waffenwirkung.
havediese
to beAnforderungen
realised:
Um
erfüllen zu können, sind diverse
 moderne
komponentenbasierte
undand
erweiterbare
Use of modern,
component based
expandable
Architektur
architecturezu verwenden.
 Skalierbar
vom Einzelplatzsystem
bis zu komplexen
Scalable technology,
from single-soldier-system
to
Gefechtsständen
mitposts,
mehreren
und
complex command
with Arbeitsplätzen
multiple workplaces
Fahrzeugen.
and vehicles
 Stationärer
und of
mobiler
Einsatz
The possibility
stationary
andmöglich.
mobile missions

Hardwareand
undsoftware
Software
Rollen
 Identische
Identical hardware
in in
allallen
aspects
andund
Führungsebenen
command levels

Durch
Benutzer ohne zusätzlichen Administrationsauf
 Task-specificandconfigurablebytheuser,without
wand
aufgabenspezifisch
additional administration konfigurierbar.

echtzeitnahe,
 Optimierte
OptimizedKommunikationsprotokolle
communication reports forfür
(almost)
realsichere,
prioritätsabhängige
Informationsübertragung
time, safe, priority-dependent transmission of infor(Daten,
über Datenfunk.
mation Text,
(data,Bilder)
text, images)
via radio data

Unterschiedliche
Kommunikationsmittel
(VHF,
HF,
 Different means of communication (VHF,
HF, LAN,
LAN,
WLAN,
Feste
Netze)
WIFI,fixednetworks)
 Schnelle Gefechtsstandskommunikation über Ethernet
 Fast command post communication via Ethernet for
für Daten und Voice over IP
data and Voice over IP
Voraussetzungen zu schaffen:
projects
rodaarbeiten
computer
GmbH
andGmbH
ESG Elektroniksystemund Logistik-GmbH
work closely
In many
vielen defence-related
wehrtechnischen
Projekten
roda
MilDef
und die ESG Elektroniksystemund Logistik-GmbH
together
to meet um
these
precise
requirements
and gerecht
to optimize
the provision
of information
and command
ability.
eng
zusammen,
genau
diese
Anforderungen
zu werden
bzw. die
Informationsversorgung
und
Führungsfähigkeit zu optimieren.
The following examples demonstrate the performance of modern operation systems where reliable roda products have
Nachfolgende
Beispiele verdeutlichen die Leistungsfähigkeit moderner Einsatzsysteme, in denen zuverlässige Produkte
been integrated:
von roda integriert wurden.
Project Example: TPz FUCHS FüFu ADLER
Projektbeispiel: TPz FUCHS FüFu ADLER
Führungsausstattung
ADLER
DVA
STF
in TPz
FUCHS
Command system ADLER
DVA
STF
in TPz
FUCHS
Mit
Führungswaffeneinsatzsystem
ADLER DVA
DVA STF
Thedem
command
weapon control system ADLER
STF
steht
der
Artillerie
ein
sehr
moderner
Führungsinstrument
is a very modern command tool, available for artillery
zur
Verfügung.
applications.
In order to provide almost real-time operation,
Um
auch
und im beweglichen
under
liveunter
battleEinsatzbedingungen
conditions, ESG integrated
a powerful
Gefecht
echtzeitnahe
gewährleiten,
commandeine
and control
system Operation
for all roles zu
in the
operational
wurde
durch die ESG eine leistungsfähige Führungsausandfirecontrolcentres,inanarmouredpersonnelcarrier
stattung
für alle Rollen in der Operationszentrale und Feu(TPz) FUCHS.
erleitstelle in einen Transportpanzer (TPz) FUCHS eingeBy using this equipment, all necessary communication
rüstet.
channels for the distribution of information can be operated.
Mit
dieser
Ausstattung
besteht
alle erforEven
under
high load,
fast die
andMöglichkeit,
reliable information
derlichen Kommunikationskanäle zur Informationsverbreitung zu bedienen.
60
Durch
moderne
und robuste
IT-Arbeitsplätze
mit is
Touchprocessing,
enabling
accurate
decision-making
well
Bedienung
und
intuitiver
Benutzerführung
auf
Basis
des
supported by the use of modern and robust IT work
roda
Rocky
Laptops
und
des
19“
roda
Displays
RD19
wird
stations, with touch control and intuitive user interfaces
auch
eineand
schnelle
und19“
zuverläsbasedunter
on thehoher
roda Belastung
Rocky® laptop
the roda
display
sige
Informationsverarbeitung für eine präzise EntscheiRD19.
dungsfindung bestmöglich unterstützt.
Withdem
the TPz
ADLER,
German
has
Mit
TPz FUCHS
FUCHSFüFu
FüFu
ADLERthe
besitzt
dieArmy
Bundesamodernandefficientsystemforthelocation,preparation
wehr
ein modernes und leistungsfähiges System für die
and operational management
of the reconnaissance
and
Lageaufbereitung
und Einsatzführung
der Aufklärungsweapon
equipment,
which
are
interconnected
via
the
und Wirkmittel, die über den Verbund Joint Fire Support
composite
Joint
Fire
Support.
zusammengeschaltet sind.
Projektbeispiel: Mobile Gefechtsstände der Luftwaffe
Projektbeispiel:
derofLuftwaffe
Project
Example:Mobile
MobileGefechtsstände
Command Posts
the Air Force
Mobiles Führungssystem der Luftwaffe
Mobiles 1:
Führungssystem
der Luftwaffe
Figure
Function
Figure
2: Command
Die
Mobilen
Gefechtsstände der Luftwaffe (als KernfähigDie des
Mobilen
Gefechtsstände
der Luftwaffe
KernfähigFigure
3:
Communication
keit
Mobilen
Führungssystems
der Lw(als
– MobFüSyskeit stellen
des4:Mobilen
Führungssystems
der EinsatzgeschwaLw – MobFüSysFigure
Electric
power supply eines
Lw)
die Führungsfähigkeit
Lw) stellen
die Führungsfähigkeit
Einsatzgeschwaders
oder einer
Einsatzdivision imeines
Einsatzgebiet
mittels
ders
oder
einer
Einsatzdivision
im
Einsatzgebiet
mittels
Figure 3: Mobile
command System
of the Air Force
modernster
Kommunikationsund Führungsinformationsmodernster
Kommunikationsund
Führungsinformationssysteme
sicher.
The mobile
command posts of the Air Force (as a core
systeme sicher.
capability
thePlattform
mobile command
system
of Lw
- MobFüSie
dienenofals
zur Führung
eines
(fliegenden)
Sie dienen
als Plattform
zur Führung
eines
(fliegenden)
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guarantee
the
abilitydes
of aFührungsvorcombat
wing
Einsatzkontingents,
dercommand
Unterstützung
Einsatzkontingents,
der Unterstützung
or
a division
in the
mission
area,
using des
the Führungsvormost
modern
gangs
sowie der
Sammlung
und
Verdichtung
von Informagangsaus
sowie
derand
Sammlung
und
Verdichtung
von
communication
command
information
systems.
tionen
verschiedenen
Informationsquellen
zurInformaErsteltionen
aus
verschiedenen
Informationsquellen
zur Erstellung
eines
Lagebildes.
They serve as a platform for the command of a (flying)
lung eines Lagebildes.
operationund
contingent,
theIT-Komponenten
support of the command
process
Robuste
bewährte
der Firma
roda
Robuste
und
bewährte
IT-Komponenten
der
Firma
roda
and
the
collection
and
consolidation
of
information
from
sorgen dafür, dass das System auch unter Einsatzbedinsorgen
dafür,
dass
das
System
auch
unter
Einsatzbedinvarious zuverlässig
information sources,
enabling full situationunterawagungen
die Informationsverarbeitung
gungen zuverlässig die Informationsverarbeitung unterreness.
stützt.
stützt.
Robust
and
wellkönnen
proven Führungsentscheidungen
roda IT components ensure
that
Auf
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getrofAufund
dieser
Basis
können
Führungsentscheidungen
the
system
reliably
supports
information
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fen
deren
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überwacht
werden.
fen und deren
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operational
conditions.
Withüberwacht
this technology,
command deBis Mitte 2011 wurden der Luftwaffe drei mobile Gefechtscisions
can
be made
and
execution
be monitored.
Bis Mitte
2011
wurden
dertheir
Luftwaffe
dreican
mobile
Gefechtsstände für Einsätze und Übungen durch die ESG GmbH
stände
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By mid-2011,
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zur Verfügung
gestellt
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durchatdie
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the
mandate
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mehrfach erfolgreich bei unterschiedlichen Übungsvorhamehrfach
erfolgreich
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unterschiedlichen
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These
have
been
used
successfully
on
several
ben im In- und Ausland eingesetzt.
ben im In- und
Auslandtraining
eingesetzt.
occasions,
in different
missions, both at home and
Seit
Februar
2013
unterstützt
ein Gefechtsstand die Opeabroad.
Seit Februar 2013 unterstützt ein Gefechtsstand die Operation „Active Fence Turkey“ mit rund 300 deutschen Solration „Active Fence Turkey“ mit rund 300 deutschen SolSinceFebruary2013,acommandpostsupportsthefirst
daten
den ersten Einsatz mit dem Waffensystem Patriot.
daten den
ersten
Einsatz
mit dem
Waffensystem
Patriot.
usage
of the
Patriot
weapon
system
in the operation
Dipl.-Wi.-Ing.
Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Jürgen
Jürgen Metz
Metz
Account
Account Manager
Manager
Dipl.-Wi.-Ing.
Jürgen Metz
roda
roda MilDef
MilDef GmbH
GmbH
Account Manager
Landstraße
Landstraße 66
roda computer
GmbH
D-77839
D-77839 Lichtenau
Lichtenau
Landstraße 6
D-77839 Lichtenau
„Active Fence Turkey“ with around 300 German soldiers.
In
diesemcompliant,
Waffensystem
Displays
Tempest
ruggedsind
21” tempestierte
displays and 21“
Rocky®
RK9
In diesem
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sind tempestierte 21“ Displays
und
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9 verbaut.
laptops
are Laptops
installedRK
in this
weapon system.
und Rocky Laptops RK 9 verbaut.
Figure 4: Notebook
Rocky®
with im
21“display
in the Patriot
Notebook
Rocky RK9
mit 21“RK9
Display
Patriot Führungssystem
Notebook Rocky
RK9 mit 21“ Display im Patriot Führungssystem
Command
System
Telefon:
95 79
79 -- 34
34
Telefon: +49
+49 7227
7227 95
Telefax:
95 79
79 -- 20
20
Telefax: +49
+49 7227
7227 95
Phone: +49
+49 174
7227985
95 79
-00
34
Mobil:
83
Mobil: +49 174 985 83 00
Fax:
+49 7227 95 79 - 20
E-Mail:
[email protected]
Mobile: +49 174 985 83 00
http://www.roda-computer.com
61
Microflown AVISA BV develops highly accurate and
reliable gunshot and artillery localization systems for
fixed and mobile installation as well as for protection of
vehicles, fast boats and helicopters.
“Game Changer” for Armed Forces
The Acoustic Vector Sensor technology is unique since
it uses the same small sensor for locating small arms fire
(SAF), rockets, artillery and mortars (RAM) and also tonal
sound sources like ground vehicles, low flying aircrafts
and helicopters.
Microphone Arrays
62
vs
This is the big difference with the traditional microphone
arrays that are known for their huge dimensions, difficult
logistics based on necessary wiring and transportation
and its lack of flexibility due to the dedication of one
microphone system type per battlefield threat.
Acoustic Vector Sensor
This multi-mission and passive localisation system provides fast, accurate and reliable location reports of Points
of Impact (POI) and Points of Origin (POO) of the weapon(s) used. Two of the worldwide unique Microflown particle velocity sensors are the core of an Acoustic Multi-Mission Sensor (AMMS). An AMMS directly measures the
direction of sound (the threat), this in contrast to all other
(traditional) acoustic systems with microphone arrays. The
latter calculate the direction of sound based on the best
hypothetical fit and estimate of the direction of the shooter based on time differences of sound, triggering multiple
microphones.
coordinates are also shown in a tabular format. The available information can be exported or printed for further reporting or after action reviews. The easy and user-friendly
Windows based AMMS C2 Software also allows remote
access to all ground sensors to easily and conveniently
configure and maintain the system. AMMS have a small
Size, low Weight and Power (SWAP) characteristics.
AMMS C2 Software showing AMMS locations (black) and
localisations (red)
The AMMS sensor post is oriented by using the STERNA of
Vectronix
AMMS have an average directional accuracy of 1,5 degree. Orientation can be done manually with a scope or
fully automatic with a high precision STERNA of Vectronix.
Once they detected a threat, the direction, range of the
Small Arms Fire, own position, and a time stamp are wirelessly communicated to the Command Post, which is a
ruggedized Toughbook laptop with the AMMS C2 Software
connected to a small wireless receiver. As the majority of
the processing is done at the AMMS itself, the transmitted
packages to the AMMS Command Post are small, reducing the bandwidth requirement to a bare minimum. The
reports from multiple AMMS are then centrally analysed
by the AMMS C2 Software and the POO and POI presented on a map based GUI in real time. The POO and POI
The unique localisation technology is by now considered
a “game changer” for the battlefield by the Dutch Armed
Forces which funded the development of this technology, giving ears to UAVs, which is unprecedented to date.
Localising RAM impacts or a sniper with a single hand
launched UAV from the sky, having instant video confirmation of the acoustically located threat, is changing the use
and operational aspects of so far “deaf eyes in the sky”.
UAV with “hearing” capability can map acoustic waypoints and
localises threats out of the air
Further applications range from static situations, guarding
key terrain features or approach routes from a pre-determined position or overlooking impact areas during life
fire training, to mobile use on a variety of land based platforms such as vehicles, naval platforms such as fast boats
(RIBS) and aerial platforms such as helicopters, always
providing crucial information for self-protection, which is
hardly available to date.
AMMS C2 Software in operation
The use of an AMMS system at the artillery firing range
in ‘t Harde (The Netherlands) led to a doctrine change
63
for live firing training and mortar shooting competitions,
complementary to monitoring of the range safety.
Applications vary from shooting range guard systems
(i.e. do all rounds fall within the boundaries of the impact
area) to providing support during the training of Forward
Observer Officers, Mortar Fire Controllers and/or Forward
Air Controllers. With an AMMS system the exact location
of where a round is dropped can be exactly established.
Fire missions can thus be checked on their effectiveness,
but used while adjusting fire will reduce the quantity of
rounds used to become effective. So the use of an AMMS
System enhances efficiency and effectiveness. Obviously
the results can also be used for the certification of the
officers and non-commissioned officers that deal with fire
missions for direct and indirect fire and close air support.
During operations the use of an AMMS system will provide
tactical advantages as the POO of indirect fire weapons
will be available before the impact of the shot is felt.
Obviously depending on the type of mortar or artillery and
the distance the flight time of grenades will be in the range
of 20 to 30 seconds (or longer) while the POO becomes
available almost instantaneous when the shot is fired and
the AMMS report. It will be possible to at least sound a
general alarm for incoming fire and counter battery fire can
be initiated even before the first hostile round hits the deck.
The current product range of Micoflown AVISA contains:
1. AMMS (Acoustic Multi-Mission Sensor): The ground
based AMMS systems are in use in various countries
throughout the world by now for compound protection,
protection of critical infrastructure and or border
protection scenarios/solutions. In 2012, the Dutch
ministry of defence formally commissioned Microflown
AVISA to provide the world’s first AMMS system.
The first AMMS system, permanently installed at the
artillery shooting range ‘t Harde for target practising
and safety, has been in use every day since and can
be visited any time. The second system has been used
ever since in a mobile multi mission mode to support
training at international ranges, but can be deployed in
a mission if needed as well. The third AMMS system is
integrated in the DISCUS compound defence system
for deployment during missions.
The AMMS systems are capable of determining the
locations of exploding mortar and artillery shells with
high accuracy under all weather conditions. The
DISCUS system was equipped with the latest AMMS to
improve its capability to also locate Small Arms Fire at
the same time as Rockets, Artillery and Mortars.
2. Vehicle mounted AMMS (V-AMMS): The system has
been developed hand in hand with the Dutch Special
Forces and was recently qualified throughout tests and
demonstrations. It has been acquired by multiple armed
forced around the world by now. It can be mounted
on various types of vehicles providing the crew them
with a 360 degree situational awareness. Also Remote
Weapon Station can be cued to the threat based on the
localization.
3. UAV based RAM and SAF localization: a real-time,
fully spherical localisation of small arms fire and
rockets, artillery and mortars from a fixed wing UAV.
This was made possible because of the low SWAP
of the Microflown sensor. It is a worldwide unprecedented capability, since traditional microphone systems are technical not capable of achieving comparable results.
4. Gunshot localization on fast boats: The AMMS
sensor has been upgraded for maritime use localising
small arms fire from small vessels. For large surface
vessels a more complete situational awareness can
be offered, detecting and localising rockets, artillery,
mortar, small arms fire and rotary wing aircrafts on
request.
5. ACHOFILO (Acoustic Hostile Fire Locator): This is a
system providing accurate localisation of small arms
fire being shot at a manned helicopter. This system
was successfully tested on 7th June 2013, on a Cougar
helicopter, at the ASK firing range in the Netherlands.
It only comprises of one sensor under the belly of the
helicopter in contrast to a multi microphone system of
DARPA which spreads the microphones all over the
helicopter. Microflown AVISA is developing this system
in cooperation in large industry partners to simplify the
final integration in production or as add-on, since just
one AMMS is needed.
Björn Behrmann
Sales Manager
Microflown AVISA
Tivolilaan 205
6824 BV Arnhem
The Netherlands
Phone: +31 880 010820
Mobile: +31 646 374450
Internet: www.microflown-avisa.com
64
Challenges
for the Artillery in
IABG has been advising and assisting the Bundeswehr as
a product-independent service provider for more than 50
years in all phases of the procurement process (now IPP
and CPM nov.). The company combines deployment experience and operational expertise with proven research
capabilities and supports its clients in the dimensions of
Joint, Land, Air, Integrated Air & Missile Defence, Maritime,
Space and Information Space. With its services, IABG accompanies its national and international clients based on
the principles of “whole lifecycle support” from capability/
requirement analysis for future systems, performance test
in the realisation phase through to operation. As an example, IABG has thus supported the derivation of functional
requirements for a future artillery system in 2030 on behalf
of the Federal Ministry of Defence (BMVg) and in close
cooperation with the German Office for Army Development (AHEntwg) on the basis of future deployment scenarios, the tactical tasks of artillery and a detailed threat
analysis. In the field of research and technology (R&T),
IABG analyses and evaluates technologies in all capability
categories in relation to command and control, reconnaissance, effectiveness and support with the aid of studies,
simulation-based analyses or experimental trials. This is
illustrated using examples from the field of artillery.
Background
Joint fire support (JFS) is, by definition, the armed forces
joint capacity for mutual fire support on the tactical level for
Air, Land and Sea armed forces as well as special forces in
all dimensions of the deployment area. The following target
capabilities can be defined for the JFS:
•
Coordinated, responsive and level-appropriate deployment
•
Deployment of previously separate land, air and seabased munitions in a joint command and control network
•
Selection of the most appropriate effector available
•
Growth of fire requests up to the level authorised for
combat and ammunition approval (bottom-up approach) with the aim of decision-making on the lowest
possible level
•
Application of the relevant rules of engagement, and
of the applicable planning, management and decision-making processes
•
Minimisation and analysis of collateral damage
•
Increase in ammunition precision and target location
accuracy
The JFS thus sets very specific demands in terms of time,
space, efficiency and effectiveness. These demands are
all considered “hard” in technical terms, as the breach
of a condition would pose a risk to either our own forces
or non-combatants/civilians. In this way, if an impact is
not achieved in a timely manner, for example, this may
represent a risk to own troops. In another example, the
selection of an oversized weapon and/or an inaccurate
target location could increase the likelihood of collateral
damage and thus the risk to both the civilian population
and own troops.
In the following, we deal with examples of three aspects
which have a significant effect on the requirements in the
different dimensions.
Further development of ammunition
With increasing urbanisation, particularly in unstable
regions and developing countries, as well as the shift
in crisis and conflict zones to urban areas triggered by
this, Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) are
increasingly more likely. In such scenarios, the task
of the high-precision engagement of point and single
targets in areas with highly condensed infrastructure will
fall to artillery in the role of fire support. The avoidance
of collateral damage is an important aspect here,
especially in view of the likely operational tasks of the
Bundeswehr in the context of “conflict prevention and
crisis management”.
The hit accuracy, particularly of “intelligent” weapons,
during operations in urban environments is no longer
determined only by systemic technical properties, but also
by external factors, especially infrastructure. This can be
illustrated by the example of semi-autonomous terminally
guided munitions, the deployment of which requires the
target to be distinguished from its environment using a
laser designator for the weapon. The “Copperhead” and
“Krasnopol” are two examples of this type of ammunition.
The company Diehl BGT Defence is also working
together with an international partner on a type of artillery
ammunition equipped with an SAL seeker (semi-active
laser). The bullet trajectory of this type of ammunition is
roughly divided up into the ballistic phase, the glide phase
and the final approach.
At the end of the glide phase, the seeker attempts
to lock onto the laser target. In simple terms, a
successful final approach depends on whether the
laser target lies in the sensor’s field of view during the
final approach phase from the scattered position of the
ammunition in space, whether there is a direct line of
sight between the laser target and sensor and whether
the ammunition is “agile” enough to hit the target within
the available remaining flight time. It turns out that, in
65
an urban environment, the operational effectiveness
of semi-autonomous terminally guided ammunition
is influenced not only by the agility and scattering
of the projectile in the space at the time of target
detection, but also by the shadowing of the target by
infrastructure, which plays an essential role. In theory,
an analysis should be carried out not only during the
design phase or during the capability check as part
of munitions development, but also prior to each
deployment in order to calculate the hit probability and
collateral damage risk. This also applies in principle for
ammunition which is guided “with pinpoint accuracy”
to previously determined coordinates by GPS/INS
technologies.
With AHEAD (Ammunition Hit Location, Effectiveness
And Collateral Damage Assessment), IABG has
developed an analytical tool for hit, impact and collateral
damage analysis on behalf of the Federal Office of
Bundeswehr Equipment, Information Technology and
In-Service Support (BAAINBw). In addition to models
used to describe munitions trajectories (exterior
ballistics), AHEAD also uses those which describe
the interaction of the munitions with military targets
and infrastructure (terminal ballistics, vulnerability).
The German standard vulnerability model UniVeMo
(Universal Vulnerability Model), which is also
developed and operated by IABG on behalf of the
BAAINBw and used to analyse the effectiveness of
all national types of ammunition, is used here, for
example, to determine ammunition effectiveness and
for collateral damage analysis.
For a realistic analysis, AHEAD uses a GIS-based
terrain, object and infrastructure database which
maps the real world in 3D. This essentially defines
a realistic simulation environment. AHEAD also has
an interface for coupling to a scenario generator as
well as constructive and virtual simulations. AHEAD
allows hit distributions and ammunition efficiencies
for specific situations to be determined from the
simulation results. AHEAD thus has the ability to
simulate the suitability and effectiveness of weapons
in complex environments and to analyse and support
the decision-making process. This will be illustrated
for terminally guided munitions as an example.
The following figures show the impact of infrastructural
shadowing on the deployment of terminally guided
ammunition. In addition to this, simulations (100 MonteCarlo runs) were performed in AHEAD in a fictitious
urban environment (figure 1). In the example, the firing
direction is defined to the southwest, i.e. the firing
position is located in the northeast of the city area.
The dispersion of the projectiles in the space (figure 2,
left) over the target area at the time of target detection,
in combination with infrastructure shadowing from the
northeast to the southwest, resulted in only a fraction
of the simulated shots achieving a hit (figure 2, right).
Other configurations with unvarying ammunition and
engagement ranges and identical detonators, but
different firing directions (e.g. to the northeast, i.e.
rotated 180°) led to significantly better results, in
which almost 100% of the attempts achieved a hit.
The shooting direction is essentially determined by
66
the firing position of the weapon system and is thus
more or less quasi-static. One possible solution for
the problem shown (capability gap) would be to design
the projectile’s trajectory in such a way that the final
approach would run along the stretch of road from
west to east or vice versa. This would ensure that the
seeker detects the laser mark in good time. The use
of GPS/INS-guided ammunition in combination with
terminal control enables this kind of modelling of the
projectile’s trajectory. An accurate final approach is
thus also possible in the case of shadowing. However,
it is important that, in addition to the technical
realisation of the trajectory mapping in the projectile,
the ability to plan trajectories is also provided in the
battle management system (BMS) and fire control.
Figure 1: Fictitious model simulation environment of a city
(target: vehicle in centre right of image)
The use of GPS/INS-guided munitions – without laser
designator and laser seeker – can in many cases
be a suitable and cost-effective alternative for the
engagement of static or quasi-static targets. This
requires highly accurate target location, however, as
otherwise the target will be missed. This requirement
applies, for example, for a GMLRS (Guided Multiple
Launch Rocket System) with unitary warhead or GPS/
INS-guided 155 mm shells, which is currently being
investigated by the German artillery and the BAAINBw.
Target location
The requirements on target location with regard to accuracy and reliability have steadily grown along with the
increase in ammunition accuracy. Modern target location
sensors equipped with laser rangefinders - such as the
JFST FENNEK vehicle’s observation and reconnaissance
equipment (BAA II) or light, portable NYXUS observation
equipment - achieve sufficient accuracy for unguided munitions. When it comes to the use of GPS/INS-guided precision munitions, however, these can quickly become the
decisive factor for hit accuracy or inaccuracy. If we take,
as a basis, a theoretically expected accuracy for target
localisation of 20 m 2DRMS for today’s gyro-stabilised
systems and the accuracy of currently deployed GPS/
INS-guided munitions as 5 m 2DRMS, a “precise miss” is
Figure 2: left – dispersion of the projectile trajectories for all simulation runs; right – hit location in the target area as a result of
dispersion and shadowing from infrastructure in the case of a southwestwardly firing direction
to be expected (i.e. an precise hit to the coordinates, far
away to the target). With the improving accuracy of guided
munitions , this problem will gain significant importance in
the near future.
In the case of highly mobile use by dismounted forces,
the problem is reinforced by the fact that, for reasons of
weight, only target locating devices with digital magnetic
compasses and a correspondingly high deviation in the
azimuth angle can be used. As part of a study conducted
by IABG into achievable target location accuracy against
real targets with military operators, deviations of an average of 100 m 2DRMS to the actual target position were
ascertain at an observation distance of 1000 metres. This
deviation increases sharply with greater distances due to
the large angular error.
Even with the latest gyro-stabilised target tracking systems, it will be impossible to achieve the accuracy of a
few metres required for the efficient use of high precision
GPS/INS-guided munitions in the foreseeable future.
This is due to the fact that there are physical and technical
limitations on sensor performance against targets on terrain. In addition to this, height error in the use of high-precision munitions is clearly gaining in importance. This is
especially true when used in an urban environment, where
the precise engagement of a point target on a given floor
of a building is made possible by appropriately mapping
the projectile’s trajectory. This further increases the demands on the sensor capabilities of target location systems, whereby the systems should not be too expensive
and, in addition to in-vehicle sensors, portable units with
corresponding size and weight limits are also required.
One possible solution is the use of highly accurate,
geo-referenced, three-dimensional terrain data. This data
can – depending on framework conditions and the expense involved in creating it – achieve global coordinate
accuracies of less than one metre. The challenge of determining the coordinates of a point with high accuracy is
“shifted” from a military operator to specialists who create
the terrain data in advance of a mission using powerful
computer systems and the appropriate expertise. To perform actual highly accurate target location, all that is required is suitable viewing software on a mobile computer
(e.g. MOBIFAST), which can be used to represent the determined target coordinates on the virtual terrain and correct these to the desired position in the case of deviations.
Both the terrain data for target location and the control
systems of GPS/INS-guided munitions work continuously
on a common reference system, typically WGS84. Thus,
all physical influences on the measurement of the reference variables – for example, determining the grid north
direction – are not relevant for hit accuracy.
The decisive criterion in the use of geo-referenced terrain
data is the three-dimensional object representation. While
a high resolution, geo-referenced aerial image is sufficient
for airborne systems, a ground-based observer requires a
suitable image from his own perspective in order to identify the target correctly (see Figure 4).
Figure 3: “Precise miss” principle for precision munitions
Especially in the urban environment, it is only possible
to obtain such an image using three-dimensional vector
models of buildings and objects. Synergetic effects are a
possible result of the sharing of a common data base for
the areas of target location, efficiency analysis, collateral
67
damage analysis and tactical C2I systems. This can help
to avoid the additional costs of repeated data creation and
storage for the same deployment area.
It is initially irrelevant here which stage is applied to
which decision-making level. The sole deciding factor is
the generation of the capability.
In the future, the Bundeswehr will be provided with
three-dimensional terrain data across the entire mission
spectrum, even for highly accurate target location. To this
end, IABG is currently working with the Bundeswehr Geoinformation Office and the BAAINBw to develop manufacturer-independent and sustainable concepts and solutions.
In this case, AHEAD software already offers the functionalities for carrying out comparative analyses of different
weapons systems and munitions in a tactical situation with
regard to hit and impact probability as well as for potential collateral damage, and thus for supporting the decision-making process. In the example in figure 5, a target
was engaged with several shots of classic ammunition
(without GPS/INS or terminal guidance) and the collateral damage determined. The individual ground detonation
points are shown in the graph (view from above) as circles. As a result of collateral damage analysis, damaged
or destroyed walls and roofs, for example, are visualised.
Deployment and decision support
The JFS does not seek to define the decision-making
level for combat and weapons approval in the fixed
sense, but to allow for situation and task dependent
Figure 4: Target building in a geo-referenced aerial image (left) and in the three-dimensional terrain model from the perspective of
the observer (right)
growth by means of a bottom-up approach. The goal is
to keep this decision-making level as low as possible.
Conversely, however, this also means that any potential
decision-making level must be able to apply the required
capabilities defined in the introduction to the JFS. It is
also clear that, when it comes to the dimension of time,
very different limits may apply within which a decision
must be made. This may mean that there is plenty of
decision-making time in some cases, while in others, the
time frame is very tight.
The best way to illustrate these framework conditions
is by means of a decision support system in stages.
This allows hard system parameters (range, availability) to be evaluated with regard to impact and accuracy
requirements and collateral damage avoidance in a first
stage within a very tight time frame. Availability within
the meaning of the status of weapons systems would
ideally be fed from a battle management system or C2I
system. In a second stage, the engagement process
can be highly accurately simulated in the virtual world
of the specific deployment area. This applies, for example, if there is sufficient time, if several weapons were
identified as equally suitable in the analysis on the basis of technical parameters, or if the risk of collateral
damage requires more careful investigation. This allows
in particular the probability of collateral damage to be
worked out in detail and incorporated as an essential
component in the decision-making process.
68
The impact data on which the collateral damage
analysis is based was again determined using the
standard vulnerability model UniVeMo, which is
currently used throughout Germany as the only tool for
the determination of RED (Risk Estimate Distance) and
CER (Collateral Effects Radius) values for Bundeswehr
weapons.
Summary
The joint fire support (JFS) presents new challenges for
the artillery, but at the same time offers new opportunities
to establish itself as a central provider and coordinator for
fire support. The aim of this paper was to show how the
obstacles to precise, analytical, secure weapons usage
can be overcome with the lowest possible probability of
collateral damage. It is not only classical indirect weapon
systems of the tube and rocket artillery that are relevant
here, but also the mortars of infantry units and the
weapon systems of the German Air Force, Army Aviation
and Navy.
A promising approach to a solution requires, in addition
to highly accurate and reliable target location, a multistage decision support system with the capability to
simulate and analyse combat operations on the basis of
deployment area mapping. Developing new types of ammunition – which make it possible to “map” trajectories
depending on the environment – round out these requirements.
Figure 5: Collateral damage analysis with
AHEAD, damaged (yellow) or destroyed
(red) walls (lines) and roofs (faces) caused
by weapon effectiveness (ground detonation
points as circles)
All of these issues are currently being dealt with and investigated at IABG. Possible solutions in the form of demonstrators and analysis tools have either already been
created, such as AHEAD, or are currently in development.
In addition to this, IABG has the capacity to create the
GIS-based terrain, object and infrastructure databases
which are required for analysis and simulation, and which
map out the deployment or analysis areas in 3D in next to
no time.
Authors:
Klaus Kappen and Michael Basler
IABG mbH
Operationen und Systeme Land
Einsteinstr. 20, D-85521 Ottobrunn
[email protected]
Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Kappen is responsible for all issues relating
to land/army in the Defence & Security department at IABG.
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Basler is the Project Manager responsible
for the areas of JFS and target location
69
Bringing together Government and Industry
AFCEA Bonn e.V. is a non-profit organization without any commercial interests; we are an independent and neutral institution – not a lobby group for
political influences. The user forum for telecommunications, computer, electronics and automation
has currently approximately 870 private – and 90
corporate members and is open for all interested
parties. The membership consists of major companies in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector and a large number of small and
medium-sized companies based in the Bonn-Cologne-Koblenz region.
AFCEA Bonn e.V. represents current ICT topics of security policy and our international alliances. The association provides a neutral platform and is an initiator for
transfer of knowledge and exchange of ideas between
research, industry and users of modern information as
well as ICT in the areas of defense, homeland security,
public administration, teaching, research and business.
The different offers all turn on an annual subject: In 2014
it is “Interoperability – The Permanent Challenge“. For
AFCEA Bonn e.V., this concept is not only about technology. Interoperability has to begin at the level of communication and and exchange, and requires not only technological capabilities but also a common goal.
Our goal at AFCEA Bonn e.V. is to think out of the box
and to stretch the different themes on purpose beyond
the topic of technology: “Bringing Government and Industry together since 1946“ is a worldwide principle of
AFCEA Chapter 130, including Bonn. AFCEA Bonn as
a neutral forum tries to link different, give questions and
space for answers. Furthermore, we establish the basics for an open-minded discourse, which are already
in our “business model“ on interoperability of different
levels aligned with various partners. Interoperability as
a principle of thoughts and claims is a consistent core
motif of our events. Therefore, we would like to detail
this non-technological view of our “interoperability – and
much of this can be used for the almost overused term
“joint“ as well:
National – International: AFCEA Bonn is not only active in the Rhine area. For example, we work together for
example with the BITKOM and ZVEI in Berlin and also
with representatives of NATO or the EU in events.
70
Purchasers – Developer: We currently observe some
touch aversion between those with procurement responsibilities and the high performing national and international industry. Thus, the possibility of exchanging ideas
and knowledge is more important than ever before.
Armed Forces – Authorities with Federal Security
Tasks – Federal Administration: Armed forces are no
longer the single source of innovation. For command and
control systems or other public services it is worth compare existing solutions and check their applicability for
re-use.
Research – Realization: The detection and use of technological trends and opportunities for own demands is
only possible in close partnerships between scientists
at research institutions or universities and developers in
companies.
Users – Decision-Makers: To achieve the benefits of
an institutionalized interoperability, it is our constant
concern to point out the demands of users, mostly the
„troops“, supported by the procurers to clarify the decision-makers to the ministerial ranks.
Young Talents – Old Stagers: AFCEA calls members
aged up to and including 40 years Young AFCEANs.
During the last few years, we have given more and more
room for sharing new ideas within AFCA Bonn e.V.
You’ve probably noticed: We provide many opportunities
for participation. This may be a visit of one of our many
events or commitments in one of our boards. Beside the
personal membership as an individual, it is also possible
to attend as a representative for a corporate member.
Corporate members are legal entities (companies and
corporations), which are basically allowed (based on
their selected status) to name a certain amount of its employees to participate in AFCEA Bonn e.V.
Contact:
Jochen Reinhardt
Member of the executive board AFCEA Bonn e.V..,
Borsigallee 2, 53125 Bonn
Telefon: +49 228 925 82 52
Telefax: +49 228 925 82 53
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