Deserts in the Range of Vision: International Cooperation

Transcrição

Deserts in the Range of Vision:
I t
International
ti
l Cooperation
C
ti ttowards
d
Destination Development
Burghard Rauschelbach
Programme Coordinator, Tourism and Sustainable Development,
German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Eschborn
ITB Berlin 2009
Rendezvous with the Desert! Desert, Desertification & Sustainable Tourism
Issues, Challenges & Development
March 12th, 2009
08.04.2009
Page 1
Seite
content
•
GTZ – German Technical Cooperation
•
•
Tourism and Development Cooperation: focal areas
P
Programme
on Tourism
T i
and
dS
Sustainable
t i bl D
Development
l
t
•
Examples: Service Sectors, Tools in Tourism Development
•
•
Desertification
Programme to Combat Desertification
•
Examples: Turkmenistan, Morrocco, Yemen
•
Actual concerns, recent topics
08.04.2009
Page 2
Seite
GTZ – company profile
The German Technical Cooperation …
... is an international cooperation enterprise for sustainable
d
development.
l
t
... supports in achieving development-policy objectives.
… operates on behalf of governmental and international
clients and the private sector.
... supports and facilitates complex development and
reform processes.
processes
... provides services for political, economic, ecological and
social development.
08.04.2009
Page 3
Seite
GTZ worldwide
Russian Federation
• Moskau
M k
Germany
• •
Belgium •
• Kaliningrad
•
• Omsk • Novosibirsk
• Altay
• Saratow
Ukraine
BosniaKasachstan
Herzegovina Rumänien
Serbia and Montenegro
Croatia
Uzbekistan
Georgia
Kosovo
Bulgarien
Kyrgyzstan
Mazedonien
Armenia Azerbaijan
Tajikistan
Albania
Palestine
Maroc
Mongolia
Peoples‘ Republic of
China
Afghanistan
Jordan
Algeria
Nepal
Pakistan
Egypt
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
El Salvador
Honduras
SaudiArabia
Mauretania
Nicaragua Haiti
Ni
Costa Rica
Niger
Togo
Ecuador
Bangladesh
Viet Nam
Tschad
Y
Yemen
Thailand
Burkina
Faso
Ghana
Cote
d‘Ivoire
Colombia
India
Mali
Senegal
Guinea
VAR
Cambodia
Nigeria
Philippines
Ethiopia
Sri Lanka
Cameroon
Benin
Uganda
Kenya
Democratic
Republic
Rwanda
Burundi
Congo
Brazil
Indonesia
Tanzania
Peru
Angola
Malawi
Zambia
Bolivia
Paraguay
Namibia
Argentina
Chile
Mozambique
Zimbabwe
Madagasca
r
Republic of
South Africa
Countries with Development Cooperation Office
Countries with GTZ-Office
C
Countries
t i with
ith GTZ
GTZ-Office
Offi with
ith special
i l duties
d ti
GTZ Head Office in Eschborn and Offices
in Berlin, Bonn und Brussels
08.04.2009
Page 4
Seite
08.04.2009
Page 5
Seite
Tourism and
development cooperation:
focal areas
08.04.2009
Page 6
Seite
Tourism and development cooperation:
focal areas
Environmental
protection,
Resourcemanagement
g
Health system
vocational
t i i and
training
d
education
Support of the
economy
y
Peace and security
Tourism
&
development
cooperation
Supply with food
and
other goods
Infrastructure:
transport,
communcation,
water, energy
Political and
social
framework
conditions
Desaster management
and risk control
08.04.2009
Page 7
Seite
The Millenium Development Goals
(MDG)
1.
2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
7.
8.
Eradicate Poverty and Hunger
Achieve Universal Primary Education
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Reduce Child Mortality
Improve Maternal Health
Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases
E
Ensure
Environmental
E i
t lS
Sustainablity
t i blit
Develop a Global Partnership for Development
08.04.2009
Page 8
Seite
Programme on Tourism
and Development
08.04.2009
Page 9
Seite
Programme:
p
“Tourism and Sustainable Development”
Target:
“cooperating
cooperating with governmental institutions and local authorities
authorities,
non-governmental organisations and the private sector
•
in opening-up the potentials of tourism for sustainable
development and
•
in mitigating ecological and social risks of tourism“.
08.04.2009
Page 10
Seite
Tourism and Sustainable Development:
Networks
GTZ internal
International
Partner
Working group
“Sustainable Tourism“
World Tourism Organisation
(WTO)
Local projects with tourism
components
George Washington
University (GWU)
NGOs
„Studienkreis für
Tourismus
und Entwicklung“
EED-Tourism Watch
Regional departments/
Steering groups
UNEP-Tour Operators
Initiative (TOI)
Iz3W, Fernweh, KATE
International Services
UNCTAD, UNESCO
Respect
p
(AT)
( )
Development Assistance
Agency (DAA) network:
FR, IT, GB, A, NL
Akte (CH)
Public Private Partnership
Secretariat on
Eco- and Social-Standards
North America:
USAID, CIDA
AgenZ
Development
Institutions
in Germany
Private Sector
DRV
DED
TUI
KfW
REWE
CIM
Sandals
InWent
IBLF/ ITP
DEG
ECPAT ((End Child
Prostitution,
Pornography and
Trafficking of Children
for Sexual Purposes)
World Bank Group
08.04.2009
Page 11
Seite
Tools for Tourism Development

Tourism masterplans
p

Development of criteria for sustainable tourism

Guidelines for tourism marketing

Manuals for trade fairs

Knowledge storage and exchange tools

Co-financing studies etc.

Experiences and evaluations...
08.04.2009
Page 12
Seite
Desertification
08.04.2009
Page 13
Seite
Definition von Desertification
Desertification:
“land degradation in arid
arid, semi
semi-arid
arid and dry sub
subhumid areas,
resulting from various factors, including climatic
variations and human activities”
Æ excludes hyper-arid areas
(UNCCD 1992)
08.04.2009
Page 14
Seite
Definition von Desertification, Land degradation
“The reduction or loss of
the biological or economic
productivity of drylands,
resulting from
land uses or from processes,
arising from
human activities and habitation patterns “
(UNCCD 1992)
08.04.2009
Page 15
Seite
LS4
Drylands
Dryland areas cover 41,3 % of the earth‘s surface (including the hyperarid
id regions)
i
)
38 % of the world population (= 2.5 Billion / (=Mrd.)) live in these areas,
90 % of which belong to developing countries.)).
Quelle: Sörensen (2007)
08.04.2009
Page 16
Seite
Folie 16
LS4
noch einfügen: bei diesen Zahlen/auf dieser Seite sind auch hyperairde Gebiete mit inbegriffen
Levke Soerensen; 03.03.2009
Conserving resources for nutrition
“The geography of poverty and hunger in rural
areas coincides with that of degraded lands.” (UNCCD)
Loss of productivity by soil erosion: 20 Mio mto grain per
year.
Loss of area under cultivation by soil erosion: almost 40%
in the last 40 years.
Degradation and loss of area under cultivation by soil
erosion: 200
200,000
000 km² per year
year.
40% of the population of Africa and Asia live in regions,
which are endangered by desertification
f
(in
( Latin America
30%)
08.04.2009
Page 17
Seite
Results from desertification

Diminishing agricultural production
Scarcity of water
Poverty
Nutritional and health problems
Mi ti
Migration
Conflicts and wars
08.04.2009
Page 18
Seite
German Development
Politics towards
combating desertification
08.04.2009
Page 19
Seite
German Development Politics towards
combating
b ti desertification
d
tifi ti (1)
(Report by the Federal Republic of Germany on Measures Taken to Assist Implementation of the United Nations
Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in 2006)
Total sums of funding by the German federal government for UNCCDrelated projects ongoing in 2005 (1.8 Mrd EUR).
08.04.2009
Page 20
Seite
German Development Politics towards
combating desertification (2)
Distribution by sector of the funding volume of ongoing projects
aimed at combating desertification.
desertification
08.04.2009
Page 21
Seite
Programme to Combat
Desertification
08.04.2009
Page 22
Seite
GTZ’s Contribution to Combat
Desertification (1)
180 projects
Convention Project to Combat Desertification
(CCD Project)
Main Tasks of the CCD-Project:
CCD Project:
Political and strategic consultancy, networking,
development
p
of concepts,
p ,p
public relations,,
project support
08.04.2009
Page 23
Seite
Contribution to Combat Desertification
(examples of the CCD
CCD-project)
project)
Monitoring of national action programmes for
combatting desertification
Networking with other implementation projects
worldwide; advisory
Co-founder of CACILM - Central Asian
Countries Initiative for Land Management
Development of instruments to measure
effectiveness of national action programmes
08.04.2009
Page 24
Seite
Projects with tourism inside
inside…
Some examples:
Namibia Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Enviornment and
Tourism in the field of Sustainable Natural Resource Management (20052007) 1,5 Mio € (GTZ)
Yemen: Environment and Tourism Ministry Mougama Al-Bounook, SanaaAssignment: 1 Environmental Protection Engineer (2002-2005) 145.000€
(CIM)
Ethiopia: Taltale Agro-Tourism Industry Project-Assignment: 1 Consultant
for Organic Farming (2002-2004) 140.000 (CIM)
Morocco Protection de la Nature et Lutte contre la Desertification
(Conservation of Nature and Combat against Desertification) (2005-2011)
3,7 Mio € (GTZ)
08.04.2009
Page 25
Seite
Project Examples
08.04.2009
Page 26
Seite
Example from practice: Turkmenistan
„Capacity
C
it b
building
ildi and
d on-the-ground
th
d iinvestments
t
t ffor
sustainable land management“
Joint implementation with UNDP, GEF & the Turkmenistanic
Minister of the Environment
LS3
Part of the regional central Asian for Landmanagement
(CACILM)
Goal:
Creating partnerships for
sustainable landuse;
involvement
i
l
t off allll
decision-making stake-holders
on all decision making levels.
08.04.2009
Page 27
Seite
Folie 27
LS3
Abkürzungen ausschreiben
The main p
problems are:
24,000 Goat and 3,000 cattle on grazing areas, the carrying
capacity of which is below 8
8,000.
000
Degradation of forests and pastures by overgrazing and
wood cutting
Erosion by mountain areas, seasonal soil avalanches,
gorges
>>less water infiltration and water availability
>>loss of fertile soil
08.04.2009
Page 28
Seite
Activities in the mountainearous
regions of Kopet Dag (one
LS
from 3 project regions):
Enhancement of the water
retension capability.
Re-forestation
Reduction of cattle, and
extension of fruit and
vegetable.
08.04.2009
Page 29
Seite
Folie 29
LS2
CACILM habe ich gestrichen und auf die vorige Seite gepackt
Project Example Yemen
G l
Goals
Strengthening Yemen as a tourism destination for
sustainable tourism, fight poverty
and pursue an environmental policy
policy.
08.04.2009
Page 30
Seite
Example Yemen (in detail)
Situation
One of the poorest countries; geo-political relevance; rich cultural heritage; natural
attractions; hospitable inhabitants; liberal tourism politics
Approach
Following a political initiative of the Yemeni minister for tourism, GTZ initiated a selffinanced action with the following activities:
Financing a market analysis on tourism development in Yemen (focus: mountain
•
tourism).
•
Analysis of the potential of tourism facilities for mountain tourism.
•
Education and training for Yemeni tourism specialists (e.g. mountain guides).
•
Promotion of the project as good practice example for mountain ecotourism.
ecotourism
Goals
Strengthening Yemen as a tourism destination for sustainable tourism, fight poverty
and
d pursue an environmental
i
t l policy.
li
Results
Improvements in service quality, knowledge transfer for sustainable management,
improved destination attractiveness.
Due to security reasons travel warnings were expressed and incoming tourism declined.
08.04.2009
Page 31
Seite
Yemen: The Haraz Mountains
A hiking
g and trekking
g guide
g
The Haraz Mountains are home to one of the
most attractive terraced landscapes in
Yemen. Between the Red Sea Lowlands and
the mountain peaks of up to 3.000
3 000 m visitors
can get to know a region with unspoilt nature
and a rich variety of landscapes. The friendly
inhabitants reside in compact
p
fortified
villages reminiscent of the Middle Ages and
have retained many of their old customs and
practices. The region is ideal for easy and
semi difficult hiking and trekking.
semi-difficult
trekking Customised
and trialled hiking and trekking tours,
practical travel tips, and a 1:25,000 scale
map provide the traveller with a vivid portrait
of the special features of the region.
2007, 88 pages, 13,5 x 21 cm, many
photographs and illustrations; trekking map.
Published on behalf of GTZ & YGTDA.
YGTDA
ISBN 978-3-925064-46-3. Price: Euro 16.00
08.04.2009
Page 32
Seite
Project Example Morocco
Management and Protection of Natural Resources and
combat of desertification
Capaity
C
it b
building
ildi for
f the
th planning
l
i and
d managementt off Tazekka,
T
kk
Toubkal, Souss-Massa, and Bas-Drâa national parks.
08.04.2009
Page 33
Seite
Project with tourism inside
inside…
Example Morocco
Gentle safari in one of Morocco’s National Parks
Safaris of the gentle kind are now offered in southern Morocco
in Souss Massa National Park. A partnership between GTZ,
international tourism experts and the Moroccan Government
had led to this environmentally friendly attraction.
The safari’s main attraction is a trip to two animal reserves set
up to reintroduce endangered animal species in the park,
g Saharan animals,, including
g
where tourists can see large
several species of antelope and the red-necked ostrich.
08.04.2009
Page 34
Seite
Tourism and Climate Change
„Aviation is responsible for approximately 2% of global
CO2 emissions, but considering the harm it does it
must be calculated by a factor of about 2-4“.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) demands:
•
•
•
•
Higher emissions standards
Reduction of environmentally harmful subsidies
Market instruments: 1)) ecotaxes or 2)) emission trading
g
Substitution of air travel by other forms of transportation
08.04.2009
Page 35
Seite
Actual concerns
concerns, recent topics:

Financial crisis
Safety
Climate change
Masterplans
Social exploitation
Promotion of SME
Certification and standards
Corporate Social Responsibility
Cross-border tourism
Hunting tourism
Tourism in conflict areas
Regional Marketing
…
08.04.2009
Page 36
Seite
www.gtz.de/tourism
www
gtz de/tourism
www.gtz.de/desert
g
[email protected]
08.04.2009
Page 37
Seite