System - Geospatial World Forum

Transcrição

Earth observation systems for quality
control and update of geospatial
databases
Christian Heipke
IPI - Institut für Photogrammetrie
und GeoInformation
Leibniz Universität Hannover
Institut für Photogrammetrie und GeoInformation
Table of content
• Introduction
• Updating GIS databases from images
• A case study - WiPKA-QS
• Conclusions
Change due to land development
Kansas Speedway, Kansas City, USA, Z/I Imaging Kalender 2002,
© M.J. Harden Associates Inc., Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Change of coast lines
Juist, Westteil
© Thorenz,
NLWK 2005
Coast line approx.
1960
Glacier movement
Landsat images of Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland
Maas et al., PFG 2006
Coherence-based results - example
www.irea.cnr.it/webgis
Height changes
High resolution satellite imagery (1)
Ikonos, EROS, Quickbird, OrbView, ...
High resolution satellite imagery (2)
Space
platform
Launch
date
Orbital
height
Swath
width
[km]
[km]
No. of
pixels
GSD
pan
GSD
MS
Pointing
along
Pointing
across
[m]
[m]
[º]
[º]
Ikonos
Sep 24-99
680
11
13500
1
4
45
45
Eros A
Dec 5-00
480
12,5
7800
1,8
-
yes
45
Quickbird
Oct 18-01
450
16,6
27000
0,6
2,4
30
30
Orbview 3
Jun 26-03
460
8
8000
1
4
45
45
Eros B
Apr 25-06
600
16
20000
0,7
-
yes
45
Cartosat-2
Jan 10-07
630
9,6
12000
1
-
45
45
Worldview 1
Sep 18-07
496
17,6
35000
0,5
-
45
45
Geoeye-1
Sep 6-08
680
15,2
35000
0,41
1,65
60
60
Worldview 2
Oct 8-09
770
16,4
35000
0,45
1,8
45
45
Pléiades 1
Dec 16-11
700
20
30000
0,65
2,6
yes
yes
1st Pléiades satellite, lauched Dec-16, 2011
Some of the first Pléiades images
Paris, Louvre et Place de la Concorde - „naturellement“
Small satellites
system
launch
GSD [m]
pan / MS
swath
[km]
remarks
UOSAT 12, UK
1999
10 / 20
10 / 30
CCD arrays
KITSAT 3,
South Korea
1999
15 MS
50
SunSAT,
South Africa
2000
15
52
Alsat 1, Algeria
2002
32 MS
600
BilSat 1, Turkey
2003
12 / 28
24 / 53
BNSCSat, UK
2003
32 MS
600
DMC
NigeriaSat, Nigeria
TopSat, UK
Beijing-1, China
2003
2005
2005
32 MS
2.5 / 6.5
4 / 32
640
17
24
DMC
no TDI
DMC
DMC
DMC arrays
Use of “off-the-shelf”
components, partially
CCD arrays instead
of CCD-lines
Cooperation in
disaster monitoring
constellation (DMC) –
in case of natural
disasters, mapping
within 24 hours
State of world-wide mapping I
1:25 000
World
%
1:50 000
33.5 %
65.6 %
1:100 000
55.7 %
1:200 000
95.1
%
from U.N. Cartographic Conference, Beijing 1993
1:25 000
1:200 000
1:50 000
1:100 000
0
So
uth
rth
Am
Am
Eu
e
eri
rop
ric
ca
a
e
0
0,8
0,4
State of worldwide
mapping II
4,8
3,1
0
6,3
7,5
No
6,4
7
8,3
2,2
1,8
Oc
e
an
ia
0,1 0,5
As
ia
0
Au
s
tra
lia
a
nd
4
0,8
2,2
2 2,5
4,1
Afr
ica
1,2
global annual
updating rates
5
2,1
Wo
rld
0,7
0
1
3,3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 %
U.N. Cartographic Conference,
Beijing 1993
Mapping and monitoring from space
• ... is needed
– terrestrial and airborne mapping cannot deliver up-todate information necessary for sustainable
development on a global scale
• ... is possible
– civilian remote sensing satellites available since 1972
– high resolution satellites (resolution in m-range and
below) available since 1999
– today many different systems in orbit
Updating GIS databases
from images
Updating GIS databases from images
• need for high quality geospatial data in many areas of
the world
• aerial and satellite images provide high resolution views
of the world (implicit geospatial information)
• key task: how can users employ this valuable data
source, given
– their tasks
– existing geospatial data
– today’s digital technology
… automatic QC,
update and refinement
of existing GIS databases using images
On the necessity of QC
Image: IKONOS, Space Imaging
Completeness
Built-up Area
Grasland
Cropland
Correctness
Built-up Area
Grasland
Cropland
Positional Accuracy
Currentness
Built-up Area
Grasland
Cropland
Concept for quality control and update
geospatial data
reality
(orthophoto)
Automatic comparison …
A case study –
WiPKA-QS
WiPKA-QS: Wissensbasierter PhotogrammetrischKartographischer Arbeitsplatz - Qualitätssicherung
WiPKA-QS
• A cooperation between Leibniz Universität Hannover and
the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG)
• A prototype software system for quality control and
update of ATKIS BasisDLM from images, installed at
BKG
• A semi-automatic design: the human operator stays in
control
• Use of regularly available data sources only
• GOAL: reduction of time for manual interaction by a
factor of 2
Background
GeoDataCentre of BKG
Concept ...
GIS database
Reality
i.e. orthoimage
Automatic comparison ...
Adopted workflow
Visualisation
Orthophoto
Decision by
human
operator
GeoDB
Automatic image
analysis
o.k.
Example: orthophoto
Example (ctd.): orthophoto and ATKIS
Example (ctd.): areas with incorrect label
partner
Example roads
GIS
LUH
knowledge-based
image analysis
satellite image with
verification result
accepted
selected for manual
processing
... back to the workflow - how good is it?
visualisation
orthophoto
GeoDB
decision by
human
operator
traffic light
diagnosis
image analysis
o.k.
Confusion matrix for diagnostics
System
(automatic)
Human
Accepted
Rejected
Correct
Efficiency
Interactive
Final Check
Incorrect
Undetected
Errors
Interactive
Final Check
operator
(reference)
Results: Germany, 3 IKONOS scenes
• Area objects
system
(2974)
accepted
rejected
correct
72%
21%
incorrect
2%
5%
accepted
rejected
correct
62%
33%
incorrect
1%
4%
reference
• Roads
system
(816)
reference
Results: North Africa, 3 IKONOS scenes
• Area objects
system
(375)
accepted
rejected
correct
64%
18%
incorrect
4%
14%
accepted
rejected
correct
59%
36%
incorrect
1%
4%
reference
• Roads
system
(1117)
reference
Results: Germany, 1 IKONOS scene
system
• cropland
accepted
rejected
correct
86%
8%
incorrect
4%
1%
accepted
rejected
correct
81%
10%
incorrect
9%
0%
(2974)
reference
• grassland
System
(816)
Referenz
Results: Germany, RGB aerial images, 0.3m GSD
• Area objects
system
(32 km2)
accepted
rejected
correct
69%
22%
incorrect
5%
4%
accepted
rejected
correct
65%
32%
incorrect
1%
2%
reference
• Roads and
paths (2300)
system
reference
Results: time
... for one orthophoto, 2km  2km
• time for completely manual processing
4h
• time for semi-automatic approach
 1 h 20 min
productivity increase
by factor of 3
Conclusions
Conclusions
• semi-automatic approach
– significant efficiency gain (factor 3)
– decisions remain with human operator
• “circular” approach, linking image and vector data
– enhance existing vector data using new image data
• useful approach, e. g. for
– internal data base quality control
– periodic data base update
– quality control of externally acquired data
• operational approach, implemented at BKG and another
federal German agency
– also part of DeCOVER, the German part of GMES

System - Geospatial World Forum

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