Read this scientific article about the experience of residents living

Research on mobile base stations and their
impact on health
Epidemiological studies:
Abdel-Rassoul, G., El-Fateh, O. A., Salem, M. A., Michael, A., Farahat, F. & ElBatanouny, M. (2007). Neurobehavioral effects among inhabitants around mobile
phone base stations, Neurotoxicology, 28(2), 434-40.
"The prevalence of neuropsychiatric complaints as headache (23.5%), memory changes (28.2%),
dizziness (18.8%), tremors (9.4%), depressive symptoms (21.7%), and sleep disturbance (23.5%)
were significantly higher among exposed inhabitants than controls: (10%), (5%), (5%), (0%),
(8.8%) and (10%), respectively (P < 0.05). Inhabitants living nearby mobile phone base stations
are at risk for developing neuropsychiatric problems and some changes in the performance of
neurobehavioral functions either by facilitation or inhibition. So, revision of standard guidelines
for public exposure to RER from mobile phone base station antennas and using of NBTB for
regular assessment and early detection of biological effects among inhabitants around the
stations are recommended."
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?
_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W81-4KJ6KKX-1&_user=950207&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search
&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000049138&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=950207&md5=7
afc509b28d10f0977a0c9dcb1f8e3db
Eger, H., Hagen, K., Lucas, B. Vogel, P. & Voit, H. (2004). The Influence of Being Physically
Near to a Cell Phone Transmission Mast on the Incidence of Cancer. Published in Umwelt
Medizin Gesellschaft 17,4 2004, as: "Einfluss der räumlichen Nähe von
Mobilfunksendeanlagen auf die Krebsinzidenz".
"In the years 1999-2004, ie after five years operation of the transmitting installation, the relative
risk of getting cancer had trebled for the residents of the area in the proximity of the installation
compared to the inhabitants of Naila outside the area."
http://www.umg-verlag.de/umwelt-medizin-gesellschaft/404_ege.html
Wolf, R. & Wolf, D. (2004). Increased incidence of cancer near a cell-phone transmitter
station. International Journal of Cancer Prevention. Vol. 1, No. 2, April 2004.
"Both measured and predicted power density (for the frequencies of 850 MHz) in the whole
exposed area were far below 0.53 µw/cm² thus the power density is far below the current
guidelines which are based on the thermal effects of RF exposure. Exact measured power density
in each house are described in table 1. The current Israeli standard uses 50 packets/sec with
Time-Division-Multiple-Access (TDMA) quadrature modulation. The antenna produces 50
packets/sec, using a 3:1 multiplexed Time-Division-Multiple-Access (TDMA) modulation with a
33% duty cycle. ...Cancer incidence of women in area A was thus significantly higher
(p<0.0001) compared with that of area B and the whole city. A comparison of the relative risk
revealed that there were 4.15 times more cases in area A than in the entire population." http://
www.umg-verlag.de/umwelt-medizin-gesellschaft/210_ej_z.pdf
Blettner, M., Schlehofer, B, Breckenkamp, J., Kowall, B., Schmiedel, S. Reis, U., Potthoff,
P., Schüz, J. & Berg-Beckhoff, G. (2009). Mobile phone base stations and adverse health
effects: phase 1 of a population-based, cross-sectional study in Germany. Occup Environ
Med 66:118-123.
"In the initial phase, reported on in this paper, 30,047 persons from a total of 51,444 who took
part in the nationwide survey also answered questions on how mobile phone base stations
affected their health. A list of 38 health complaints was used. A multiple linear regression model
was used to identify predictors of health complaints including proximity of residence to mobile
phone base stations and risk perception. RESULTS: Of the 30,047 participants (response rate
58.6%), 18.7% of participants were concerned about adverse health effects of mobile phone base
stations, while an additional 10.3% attributed their personal adverse health effects to the
exposure from them. Participants who were concerned about or attributed adverse health effects
to mobile phone base stations and those living in the vicinity of a mobile phone base station (500
m) reported slightly more health complaints than others. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial
proportion of the German population is concerned about adverse health effects caused by
exposure from mobile phone base stations. The observed slightly higher prevalence of health
complaints near base stations can not however be fully explained by attributions or concerns."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19017702
Bortkiewicz A, et al. [Subjective symptoms reported by people living in the vicinity of
cellular phone base stations: review]. [Article in Polish] Med Pr. 2004;55(4):345-51.
"The performed studies showed the relationship between the incidence of individual symptoms,
the level of exposure, and the distance between a residential area and a base station. This
association was observed in both groups of persons, those who linked their complaints with the
presence of the base station and those who did not notice such a relation."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15620045.
Eger, H. & Jahn, M. (2010). Spezifische Symptome und Mobilfunkstrahlung in Selbitz
(Bayern) - Evidenz für eine Dosiswirkungsbeziehung. ("Specific Health Symptoms and Cell
Phone Radiation in Selbitz (Bavaria, Germany)-Evidence of a Dose-Response
Relationship") Umwelt Medizin Gesellschaft, Feb. 2010: 130-139.
"Die mittlere Strahlenbelastung der höchstbelasteten Gruppen in Selbitz (1,2 V/m) lag deutlich
höher als die untersuchte Studienpopulation der QUEBEB-Studie (1) des Deutschen
Mobilfunkforschungsprogramms (Mittelwert DMF 0,07 V/m). Für die Beschwerden
Schlafstörung, Depressionen, cerebrale Symptome, Gelenkbeschwerden, Infekte,
Hautveränderungen, Herz-Kreislauf Störungen sowie Störungen des optischen und akustischen
Sensoriums und des Magen-Darm-Traktes besteht eine signifikante dosiswirkungsabhängige
Korrelation zu objektiv bestimmten Expositionslagen, die mit dem Einfluss von Mikrowellen auf
das Nervensystem des Menschen erklärt wird."
"The mean radiation measurements of the groups exposed at most in Selbitz (1.2 V/m) was
substantially higher than the mean radiation of the study population studied in the QUEBEB
study (1) of the German mobile telephone research program (Deutsches
Mobilfunkforschungsprogramm DMF, established mean value DMF 0.07 V/m). A significant
correlation was found dependent on dose-effects for insomnia, depressions, cerebral symptoms,
joint illnesses, infections, skin changes, heart and circulation disorders, and disorders of the
optical and acoustic sensory systems and the gastro-intestinal tract with objectively determined
locations of exposure, which can be related by the influence of microwaves on the human
nervous system."
Gadzicka, E., Bortkiewicz, A., Zmyslony, M., Szymczak, W. & Szyjkowska, A. (2006).
Assessment of subjective complaints reported by people living near mobile phone base
stations. Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland. Workshop PTZE
Electromagnetics technics in preventive health, Lodz, Poland 13-15 December 2006
(Biuletyn PTZE, nr 14, Warszawa 2006, pp 23-26)
"The study subjects comprised 500 people from 5 regions of the city of Lodz, living in houses
located at the distances of up to 50 m, 50-100m, 100-150m, 150-200m and over 200m from the
base station. The distance from base station is the estimated value of exposure to EMF. There
were 181 (36.2%) men aged 46.2 29.0 years and 319 (63.8%) women aged 50.117.0 years.
...A significant relationship was found to occur between the frequency of some symptoms and the
distance from the base station. Everyday headaches were most frequent in respondents living at
the distance 100-150 m from the base station in comparison with subjects living in farther
distances. Differences were statistically significant (p=0,013). Symptoms of depression were
most frequently reported by people living at the distance 50-100 m (23,3%) and over 200 m
(21,3%). Differences were at the borderline of statistical significance (p=0.059). It seems
important to note that only 1.8% of subjects reported their concern about possible harmful
effects of the base stations."
Hutter, H., Moshammer, H., Wallner, P. & Kundi, M. (2006). Subjective symptoms, sleeping
problems, and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations,
Occupational and environmental medicine, 63(5), 307-13.
"Total HF-EMF and exposure related to mobile telecommunication were far below recommended
levels (max. 4.1 mW/m²). Distance from antennae was 24-600 m in the rural area and 20-250 m
in the urban area. Average power density was slightly higher in the rural area (0.05 mW/m²)
than in the urban area (0.02 mW/m²). Despite the influence of confounding variables, including
fear of adverse effects from exposure to HF-EMF from the base station, there was a significant
relation of some symptoms to measured power density; this was highest for headaches.
Perceptual speed increased, while accuracy decreased insignificantly with increasing exposure
levels. There was no significant effect on sleep quality. CONCLUSION: Despite very low
exposure to HF-EMF, effects on wellbeing and performance cannot be ruled out, as shown by
recently obtained experimental results; however, mechanisms of action at these low levels are
unknown."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16621850
Navarro, E., Segure, J., Portelés, M., Gomez Perretta, C. (2003). The microwave Syndrome:
A preliminary Study in Spain. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 22: 161-169.
"A health survey was carried out in Murcia, Spain, in the vicinity of a Cellular Phone Base
Station working in DCS-1800 MHz. This survey contained health items related to "microwave
sickness" or "RF syndrome." The microwave power density was measured at the respondents'
homes. Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between the declared severity of the
symptoms and the measured power density. The separation of respondents into two different
exposure groups also showed an increase of the declared severity in the group with the higher
exposure."
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a713628989~db=all
Santini, R., Santini, P., Le Ruz, P., Danze, J. & Seigne, M. (2003). Survey Study of People
Living in the Vicinity of Cellular Phone Base Stations. Electromagnetic Biology and
Medicine, 22: 41-49
"A survey study was conducted, using a questionnaire, on 530 people (270 men, 260 women)
living or not in proximity to cellular phone base stations. Eighteen different symptoms (Non
Specific Health Symptoms-NSHS), described as radiofrequency sickness, were studied by means
of the chi-square test with Yates correction. The results that were obtained underline that certain
complaints are experienced only in the immediate vicinity of base stations (up to 10 m for
nausea, loss of appetite, visual disturbances), and others at greater distances from base stations
(up to 100 m for irritability, depressive tendencies, lowering of libido, and up to 200 m for
headaches, sleep disturbances, feeling of discomfort). In the 200 m to 300 m zone, only the
complaint of fatigue is experienced significantly more often when compared with subjects
residing at more than 300 m or not exposed (reference group). For seven of the studied symptoms
and for the distance up to 300 m, the frequency of reported complaints is significantly higher (P
< 0.05) for women in comparison with men. Significant differences are also observed in relation
to the ages of subjects, and for the location of subjects in relation to the antennas and other
electromagnetic factors."
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a713628949~db=all
See also:
Santini R, et al. Enqute sur la sante de riverains de stations relais de telephonie mobile : I/
Incidences de la distance et du sexe. [Symptoms experienced by people in vicinity of base
station: I/Incidences of distance and sex.] Pathol Biol (Paris). 2002 Jul;50(6):369-73.
Santini R, et al. Enqute sur la sant de riverains de stations relais de telephonie mobile: II/
Incidences de lge des sujets, de la dure de leur exposition et de leur position par rapport aux
antennes et autres sources electromagntiques. [Symptoms experienced by people in vicinity of
base stations:: II/ Incidences of age, duration of exposure, location of subjects in relation to the
antennas and other electromagnetic factors.] Pathol Biol (Paris). 2003 Sep;51(7):412-5.
Santini R, et al.. Symptomes experims par des riverains de stations relais de telephonie mobile.
La Presse Medicale. 2001;30:1594.
Shahbazi-Gahrouei, D., Karbalae, M., Moradi, H. & Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi, M. (2013).
Health effects of living near mobile phone base transceiver station (BTS) antennae: a
report from Isfahan, Iran. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine,
"Results - The results showed that most of the symptoms such as nausea, headache, dizziness,
irritability, discomfort, nervousness, depression, sleep disturbance, memory loss and lowering of
libido were statistically significant in the inhabitants living near the BTS antenna less than 300
m distances) compared to those living far from the BTS antenna ( more than 300 m). Conclusion
- It is suggested that cellular phone BTS antenna should not be sited closer than 300 m to
populations to minimize exposure of neighbors."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23781985
Augner C. & Hacker, G.W. (2009). Are people living next to mobile phone base stations
more strained? Relationship of health concerns, self-estimated distance to base station, and
psychological parameters. Indian Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine, 13(3):
141-5.
"Fifty-seven participants completed standardized and non-standardized questionnaires that
focused on the relevant parameters. In addition, saliva samples were used as an indication to
determine the psychobiological strain by concentration of alpha-amylase, cortisol,
immunoglobulin A (IgA), and substance P. RESULTS: Self-declared base station neighbors (DBS
<= 100 meters) had significantly higher concentrations of alpha-amylase in their saliva, higher
rates in symptom checklist subscales (SCL) somatization, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, phobic
anxiety, and global strain index PST (Positive Symptom Total)." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pubmed/20442833
Breckenkamp, J., Blettner, M., Kowall, B., Schüz, J., Schlehofer, B., Schmiedel, S.,
Bornkessel, C., Reis, U., Potthoff, P. & Berg-Beckhoff, G. (2010).
Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsstudie zum Zusammenhang von elektromagnetischen Feldern von
Mobilfunksendeanlagen und unspezifischen gesundheitlichen Beschwerden (original article in
German). Results of a cross-sectional study on the association of electromagnetic fields emitted
from mobile phone base stations and health complaints. Umweltmed Forsch Prax 2010; 15 (3):
159 - 166.
Buchner, K. & Eger, H. (2011). Veränderung klinisch bedeutsamer Neurotransmitter unter
dem Einfluss modulierter hochfrequenter Felder - Eine Langzeiterhebung unter
lebensnahen Bedingungen (Modification of clinically important neurotransmitters under
the influence of modulated high-frequency fields - A long-term study under true-to-life
conditions) Umwelt Medizin Gesellschaft, 24(1), 44-57.
"This long-term study over one and a half years shows a significant activation of the 60
participants adrenergic systems after the installation of a regional mobile telephone transmitting
station in the village of Rimbach (Bavaria). The values of the stress hormones adrenaline and
noradrenaline grow significantly during the first six months after starting the GSM transmitter;
the values of the precursor substance dopamine decreases substantially after the beginning of the
radiation ...The effects show a dose effect relation and are situated far under the valid limits for
technical high-frequency stress. Chronic dysregulations of the catecholamine system have a
substantial health relevance and cause health damages in the long run."
http://www.umg-verlag.de/umwelt-medizin-gesellschaft/111_be_z.pdf
http://tinyurl.com/BuchnerEger2011
Eger, H. & Neppe, F. (2009). Krebsinzidenz von Anwohnern im Umkreis einer
Mobilfunksendeanlage in Westfalen - Interview-basierte Piloterhebung und
Risikoschätzung
"In a remote part of a town in Westphalia, from 2000 to 2007 the cancer incidence within a 400metre radius of a mobile telephone transmitting station was ascertained by a door-to-door
survey. The data based on interviews with 575 inhabitants showed a statistically significant raise
of the cancer incidence five years after the transmitting station had been started."
http://www.umg-verlag.de/umwelt-medizin-gesellschaft/109_en_z.pdf
http://www.aerzte-und-mobilfunk.net/assets/eger-neppe_hennen_umg-1.09_original.pdf
Gómez-Perretta, C., Navarro, E.A., Segura, J. & Portolés, M. (2013). Subjective symptoms
related to GSM radiation from mobile phone base stations: a cross-sectional study. BMJ
Open. 2013; 3(12): e003836.
"We observed that the incidence of most of the symptoms was related to exposure
levels�independently of the demographic variables and some possible risk factors. Concerns
about adverse effects from exposure, despite being strongly related with sleep disturbances, do
not influence the direct association between exposure and sleep."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3885815/
Hacker, G. & Pauser, G. (2007). Wirkungen von GSM-Sendeanlagen auf den Menschen.
Wissenschaftliches Forschungsprojekt der Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), IGGMB Forschungsinstitut für Grund- und Grenzfragen der Medizin und Biotechnologie.
Kurzbericht.
"Das körpereigene Abwehrsystem wird tatsächlich geschwächt. Biochemisch zeigte sich in den
Speichelanalysen, dass höhere Exposition zu einer biologisch relevanten Immunsuppression
führte. Es zeigte sich eine statistisch signifikante Veränderung im Cortisolspiegel; weiters fanden
sich auffallende Veränderungen in den Verläufen des alpha-Amylase-Spiegels, einem weiteren
verlässlichen Stress-Marker, und im Immunglobulin-A-Spiegel (Antikörper-Ausschüttung im
Speichel). Auch die GDVAnalysen zeigten nicht bei allen, aber bei vielen ProbandInnen immer
wieder stressende Einflüsse auf. ...Fazit: Der "alte" "Salzburger Vorsorgewert" von 1000 µW/m²
(= 1 mW/m²) aus dem Jahr 1998 erscheint absolut gerechtfertigt; er liegt eher zu hoch als zu
niedrig, denn Veränderungen sind schon bei der Hälfte also bereits bei etwa 500 µW/m²
erkennbar. Auch die Absenkung im Jahr 2002 erscheint damit auch auf Basis der vorliegenden
Ergebnisse nachvollziehbar."
http://www.salzburg.gv.at/handystrahlung
www.salzburg.gv.at/gsmstudie.pdf
Comment: 3 different radiation power density levels 3000 µW/m². , 540 µW/m². and 10 µW/m²
were inspected. Blood samples indicated stress markers starting from the 500 µW/m² radiation
power density level. As a summary, they recommend 10 µW/m² level (Salzburg Land (State)
recommendation value).
Oberfeld, G., Navarro, A., Enrigue, Portoles, M., Maestu, Ceferino, Gomez- Perretta, C.
(2004). The Microwave Syndrome: Further Aspects of a Spanish Study.
"Based on the data of this study the advice would be to strive for levels not highter than 0.02 V/m
for the sum total, which is equal to a power density of 0.0001 µW/cm² or 1 µW/m², which is the
indoor exposure value for GSM base stations proposed on empirical evidence by the Public
Health Office of the Government of Salzburg in 2002."
http://home.scarlet.be/~tsf94646/001/documents/The%20Microwave%20Syndrome%20%20Further%20Aspects%20of%20a%20Spanish%20Study.pdf