NASA Space Settlement Contest

Transcrição

N ASA Space Settlement Contest
Students:
Carmen Agimof
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Florina-$PDOLD&DUDú
Ioana-/XPLQLĠD'DPX
Victor-Silviu Doca
Isabela-Bianca Dumitru
Maria-Teodora Ilie
Zafer Iusuf
Bianca-Evelyn Paris
Ioana Livia-Pitu
Luana-*DEULHOD3vUYX
Isabela-Daniela Staicu
Nicoleta-Adriana Stroe
Victor-/XFLDQ‫܇‬WHIDQ
Coordinator Teacher
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Centrul de Cercetări al Elevilor
Colegiul Na‫܊‬LRQDOÄ0LUFHDFHO%ătrkQ´
Constan‫܊‬a ± Romknia
When we are hungry, we eat. When we are thirsty, we drink. When we are hot, we uncover. When we are cold, we cover up. When we are afraid of darkness, we turn on the light. When we need air, we breathe. But what do we do when we need to know? When we need to prove ourselves that we are not only tributary to our five senses, that we can listen beyond what we have been told? Only know we can say we live: when we feed our mind with new experiences, when we undress the constraints, when we wrap in our own ideas, when we turn the light on upon a discovery, when we breathe in the end the air of a new curiosity. We already build our present, step by step, challenge by challenge. We propose the extra-
terrestrial expansion, the exploration of the outer space and the development of a new modern society on a space settlement that orbits around the Earth, on the Moon trajectory. ǻÌs ǣƼOs ǣsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼ Þǣ ŘŎs_ ŘŘĨwʰ ¯Ǽsǋ ǼÌs ¶Ÿ__sǣǣ Ÿ¯ _sǣǼÞŘɴʰ ŘsOsǣǣÞǼɴ Ř_ ÞŘǣǼÞǼs
desire from the ancient Greek tradition. Mate o¯ ħÌǋŸŘŸǣ Ř_ ŎŸǼÌsǋ Ÿ¯ ōŸÞǋʰ ŘŘĨw Þǣ ŸŘs Ÿ¯ ǼÌs
oldest affinities with the interior of the man, with the reflection of the entire Universe in the human psyche. Destiny and Time entwine this way in a strong embrace. The picture of the goddess holding in her left hand the axle of the Universe (Axis Mundi) represents the kingship of the Soul, while her position in the Throne of Sky inspire stability and confidence. She is the organizer of the exterior and the interior worlds. This powerful symbol borders perfectly the condition of our space settlement populated by people who wish a physical, external cognition as well as a deep, internal one. The people are emboldened on ŘŘĨw ǼŸ ¯ÞŘ_ ǼÌsŎǣsĶɚsǣʰ ǼŸ EȖÞĶ_ ǼÌsÞǋ ǣŸȖĶ ÞŘ ǼÌs ɚÞǋǼȖs Ÿ¯ ǇȖĶÞǼɴʰ sǇȖĶÞǼɴ Ř_
understanding differences. The relationship with the Earth is very tight, assured by an intense communication. The comfort of the advanced technology is the home of the permanent inhabitants but also an entry to other planets for brave explorers. Our vision about life and human possibilities are molten: the entire Galaxy is waiting for us! ˉǻÌs ɠÞĶĶ ǼŸ ɠÞŘ ŎsŘǣ ŘŸǼÌÞŘ¶ʰ Þ¯ ɠs ÌɚsŘ˅Ǽ ǼÌs ɠÞĶĶ ǼŸ ƼǋsƼǋsʳˇ ǻÌs ƼǣǣÞŸŘ ɠs Ì_ ÞŘ
building and modeling every aspect of life in an innovative perspective is the one which determinates in the end the real winner: HUMANKIND. 1 Ananké Space Settlement
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION 1.1. LOCATION 1.2. MATERIALS USED 1.3. CONSTRUCTION STAGES 2. INTERNAL ORGANIZATION 2.1. ORGANIZATION 2.1.1. BIG TORUS 2.1.1.1. STRATIFICATION 2.1.1.2. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 2.1.1.3.TERRITORIAL AND FUNCTIONAL SECTIONS 2.1.2. SMALL TORUS 2.1.2.1. STRATIFICATION FOR AGRICULTURE 2.1.3. THE SPHERES 2.1.3.1. THE STAR 2.1.3.2. TEMPERANCE 2.1.3.3. THE EMPRESS 2.1.4. CENTRAL CYLINDER 2.2. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 2.1.1. POPULATION 2.2.2. CULTURE AND ENTERTAINMENT 2.2.3. SPORT 2 Ananké Space Settlement
2.2.4. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS 2.2.4.1. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM 2.2.4.2 HEALTH SYSTEM 2.2.4.3. GOVERNMENT SYSTEM 2.2.5. TOURISM 2.3. ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION 2.3.1. AGRICULTURE 2.3.1.1.ANIMAL BREEDING 2.3.1.2.PLANT CULTIVATION 2.3.2. INDUSTRY 2.3.2.1. TEXTILE INDUSTRY 2.3.2.2. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 2.3.2.3. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 2.3.2.4. BUILDING MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY 2.3.2.5. FOOD INDUSTRY 2.3.2.6. MACHINES AND ROBOTS BUILDER INDUSTRY 2.3.2.7. DIAMONDS INDUSTRY 2.3.2.8. ENERGETIC INDUSTRY 2.3.3. TRANSPORT 2.3.4. ECONOMY AND CURRENCY 2.3.5. COMMERCE 2.4. COMMUNICATION 3 Ananké Space Settlement
2.4.1. INTERNAL COMMUNICATION 2.4.2. EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION 2.4.2.1 WITH TERRA 2.4.2.2. WITH SPACESHIPS AND OTHER STATIONS AND SATELLITES 2.4.2.3. WITH OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES 2.5. SECURITY 2.5.1. EXTERNAL MEASURES 2.5.2. INTERNAL MEASURES 2.6. LIFE QUALITY 2.6.1. DAY/NIGHT CYCLES 2.6.2. ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE 2.6.3. GREEN SPACES 2.6.4. WATER MANAGEMENT 2.6.5. WASTE MANAGEMENT 3. COSTS BIBLIOGRAPHY 4 Ananké Space Settlement
1.
STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION 1.1. Location Our space settlement, ŘŘĨw, is located in the La Grange point L5, which assures the gravitational stability between the Earth and its natural satellite, the Moon. The secondary reason for our chosen location is the variety of resources found on the Moon, and also the easier way to transport them because of the Moon gravitation, which is six times smaller than the gravitation of the Earth. 5 Ananké Space Settlement
1.2. Materials used for the layers of the space settlement We prefer using more thin layers, instead of one thick layer. In case of an impact, the first layer would diminish the velocity of the incoming body. Layer 1. Material Width Two layers of titanium Titanium oxide oxide separated through layers ˛ 6 cm a void layer (Fig. 1.2.a.) Void layer - 5 cm 2. Polyurethane foam 6 cm 3. Titanium oxide 6 cm 4. Steel 5. Photovoltaic panels combined with optical fiber panels Regolith bricks 6. 6 Use The titanium is the initial stage of the construction of the space settlement, because it is a strong material with low density. The void layer is the best heat isolator. The two layers of titanium oxide are united by many supporting cylinders through which optical fibers (Fig. 1.2.b.) and electricity cables filter (Fig.1.2.c.). Protects the void layer from being destroyed by micro-asteroids. Higher melting point high hardness and heat isolation. Source Moon and ˆrŘɚÞǋŸŘŎsŘǼˇ in L5 5 cm Offers resistance and hardness. Mars 3 cm Are located only on the external half of Earth the big torus (this portion is the only one directly visible to the sun). They are placed between every other Moon layer(except for the first layer), because they offer a better resistance. 4 cm Ananké Space Settlement
Earth Moon Fig.1.2.b.˛Section of the supporting cylinder Fig.1.2.c.˛Section of the supporting cylinder with with tubes for the optical fibers circuit tubes for the electricity cables circuit from the photovoltaic panels 1.3 Construction stages First steps to a new way of living For assembling the space settlement it is necessary to send rockets with people and also with robots made on Earth. Once they arrive on the Moon, they develop an extraction industry for materials that exist in the composition of the natural satellite and a campus in which the astronauts are living and training. BlueDriller The robot used for the Moon and asteroids exploration is built from titanium and silicate oxides combined with spider web which provides to the strong material flexibility. The caterpillar wheels are formed of steel plates and provided with an imperative system of catching. 7 Ananké Space Settlement
The robot is provided with a satellite and a camera (this way is much easier for people to supervise the robot activity), six segmental effectors which can expand as much as they need and in which direction they need. At the end of the effectors the robot presents useful tools for different activities like clipping and drilling, which can be replaced if broken from the semi sphere on top. The back consists in a beaker in which the robot collects the material needed. The front presents a big driller, so that it can explore the big and strong regolith stones. A very important part of the robot is the system of fixing placed under the caterpillar wheels. Every segment of the caterpillar activates a system of catching to fix the robot on the surface of the celestial body it explores. 8 Ananké Space Settlement
We do not want the pollution of the Moon, so we create a platform for launching and landing of the rocketsʳǻÌssŘɚÞǋŸŘŎsŘǼÞǣƼǋŸǼsOǼs_Ř_ǼÌsĶȖŘǋ_ȖǣǼɠŸŘ˅ǼǋÞǣsŘɴŎŸǋsʳ This protection measure for the Moon is essential in the expansion of communication between Moon and the space settlement and also between the Moon and Earth. We are conscious about protecting what we have by increasingly attention and an environment friendly thinking. The launching method bases on the principle of the propulsion with reaction. The movements of the rockets are very well coordinated in a control center. Moon Control Center Landing Port Part of the platform The fuel that is used for the rockets is made out of liquid hydrogen mixed with liquid oxygen and then burned. Out of this combustion results water, ozone and hydrogen peroxide: 2H2 (l) + O2 (l) = 2H2O (g); H2 (l) + O2 (l) = H2O2 (g); 3O2 (l) = 2O3 (g). 9 Ananké Space Settlement
Stages of construction 1. We send a rocket in L5 with special trained astronauts who start the construction of the central cylinder with materials adapted in the lunar base after this shape. These plates can interlink perfectly, facilitating the work of astronauts. 3 interlinked plates After building the cylinder skeleton, a living place for astronauts is created in the inside. This is ǼÌsEs¶ÞŘŘÞŘ¶Ÿ¯ǼÌsƼŸƼȖĶǼÞŸŘŸŘŘŘĨwʳ First stage 10 Ananké Space Settlement
2. The second stage consists in building the spokes symmetrically. Second stage
3. The third stage is represented by building the big torus. Once we finish a part of it, we can develop a web of houses, also symmetrically. People start to cultivate in order to feed themselves. This way their stay is much easier. Third stage 4. In the fourth stage we start to build the small torus also symmetrically. Fourth stage 11 Ananké Space Settlement
On the external half of the big torus, we install photovoltaic panels to transform solar energy into electricity. Photovoltaic panels After finishing the construction of the rotation elements, a group of rockets is sent to give an impulse to the space settlement to create artificial gravity. The optimal rotation period is reached gradually. The OŸŘǣǼǋȖOǼÞŸŘŸ¯ŘŘĨwǼĨsǣˡˤ years to complete. Artificial gravity for the big torus We decided that the optimal gravitational acceleration is about 8, 41 N/Kg. The large radius of the big torus is 7300 m. Rotation period: 12 T
Ananké Space Settlement
2S
R
=185.02 s g
5. In the fifth stage we build the three spheres, at different distances, between the two tori. We follow for each of them the symmetric construction. Fifth stage We develop a spokes-tori system between the small torus and the central cylinder. Following the previous model, we first build the spokes then the tori. Sixth (final) stage 13 Ananké Space Settlement
Reinforcement of the spokes All the spokes are wrapped in an elastic material shaped in form of a spiral to provide the stability and the resistance of the space settlement. At the edges of the central cylinder we build landing platforms for rockets. Once the rockets land on the landing platforms, this opens on the center and the rockets are easily introduced in the cylinder for being charging with fuel and get ready for a new course. If we look at the station from above, it reminds us of the peace sign. 14 Ananké Space Settlement
We use this form of the space settlement so we can use different gravitational accelerations, ǋs¶ǋ_ÞŘ¶ ǼÌs OǼÞɚÞǼÞsǣ ɠs Řss_ ǼŸ _sɚsĶŸƼʳ ÝǼ˅ǣ ɚsǋɴ ÞŎƼŸǋǼŘǼ ǼŸ ǼĨs_ɚŘǼ¶s Ÿ¯ ĶĶ ǼÌs ɚilable space. Names of the spheres ɟsEsĶÞsɚsÞŘǼÌsǣƼÞǋÞǼŸ¯Þ_sŘǼÞǼɴʰǣŸɠs_Þ_Ř˅ǼŘŎsŸŘĶɴǼÌsǣƼOsǣsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼʰEȖǼĶǣŸƼǋǼǣ
of it. The spheres are named after Marsilia Tarot cards (see picture above), according to the activities that develop in them. The Empress represents emotional relationships and helps us to emphasize our artistic and creative skills. The Star represents the guidance of our way and our reachable goals. We all need a star to show and remind us the right way. Temperance implies flexibility, resistance and harmony. 15 Ananké Space Settlement
^ÞŎsŘǣÞŸŘǣŸ¯ǼÌsŘŘĨwǢƼOsǢsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼ Dimension Diameter Radius Acceleration 2
Ground surface Height Large Radius* 2
Component (m) (m) (m/s ) (m ) (m) (m) Big Torus 1,600 800 8.41 73,387,542 1,600 7,300 Small Torus 1,000 500 3.46 4,021,235 1,000 3,000 Central Cylinder 2,400 1,200 0 4,523,893 1,500 - The Empress 1,600 800 6.11 2,010,619 1,600 5,000 The Star 1,600 800 5.42 2,010,619 1,600 4,700 Temperance 1,600 800 5.76 2,010,619 1,600 5,300 400 200 Varies 1,080,000 400 - Large Spokes Relative lengths (in meters) Component 2 Big Torus Small Torus The Empress The Star Temperance - 3,000 5,300 400 1,000 700 Small Torus 3,000 - 1,300 1,000 400 700 Central Cylinder 5,300 1,300 - 3,300 2,700 3,000 400 1,000 3,300 - 7,800 8,055 1,000 400 2,700 7,800 - 7,535 700 700 3,000 8,055 7,535 - Component 1 Big Torus The Empress The Star Temperance Central Cylinder ˎǻÌsǣŸOĶĶs_ˉĶǋ¶sǋ_ÞȖǣˇOǼȖĶĶɴÞǣǼÌs_ÞǣǼŘOsEsǼɠssŘǼÌsOsŘǼsǋof the Central Cylinder and the center of each component of the settlement (torus or sphere). The tori and spheres are placed ǼǼÌsÌĶ¯Ÿ¯ǼÌsNsŘǼǋĶNɴĶÞŘ_sǋ˅ǣÌsÞ¶ÌǼʳ ǻÌsEÞ¶ǼŸǋȖǣ˅ǣsɮǼsǋÞŸǋɠĶĶĶsŘ¶ǼÌ
(Circle A) 50,893 m (50.89 km) Medium length of the big torus (Circle B) 45,867 m (45.86 km) ǻÌsEÞ¶ǼŸǋȖǣ˅ǣÞŘǼsǋÞŸǋɠĶĶĶsŘ¶ǼÌʹNÞǋOĶs
C) 40,840 m (40.84 km) 16 Ananké Space Settlement
The Asteria Satellite ¯Ǽsǋ¯ÞŘÞǣÌÞŘ¶ǼÌsOŸŘǣǼǋȖOǼÞŸŘŸ¯ŘŘĨwʰɠsEȖÞĶd our own satelliteabove the space settlement in order to guarantee a better monitoring of the space and a better communication with other celest bodies. The satellite is named Asteria, after the Titan goddess of prophecy of night. 17 Ananké Space Settlement
2. INTERNAL STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION 2.1. Organization ɟsǼĨs_ɚŘǼ¶sŸ¯ĶĶǼÌsǣƼOsÞŘŘŘĨwʰǣŸɠs_sɚsĶŸƼǣǼǋǼÞ¯ÞOǼÞŸŘǣ¯ŸǋsɚsǋɴƼǋǼŸ¯ǼÌs
space settlement. 2.1.1. Big Torus ÝǼÞǣǼÌsŎÞŘƼĶOsɠÌsǋsǼÌsƼsŸƼĶsĶÞɚsEsOȖǣsÞǼ˅ǣ¯ɚŸǋEĶsgravitation acceleration. 2.1.1.1. Stratification Clinker built houses shaped like two incomplete tori with interior garden. 18 Ananké Space Settlement
The model that we propose is in the same time fit for families, couples or single persons. For families: Each segment of the big torus represents the ground-floor of the house, while the smaller torus from above is the actual floor of the building. Practically, in this type of complex, ten families are living. Inside each of the 10 segments exists a balcony which faces the interior garden. Each piece of the big torus is provided with 2 entrances (one is for the exterior and the other one is for the interior, especially for the garden). One of the main components of the houses is glass; these are very well alighted as a result of the big number of windows. Because of the constant temperature, hoses _ŸŘ˅Ǽ Řss_ ǼŸ Es ÞŘǣȖĶǼs_ʳ ËŸɠsɚsǋ ¯Ÿǋ ǼÌs ÌEÞǼŘǼǣ˅ OŸŎ¯ŸǋǼ Ř_ ÞŘǼÞŎOɴʰ ɠs Ȗǣs ɚsǋɴ ¶ŸŸ_
phonic: polystyrene. The interior garden, where the 10 families can meet, has a psycho-social role as well as a relaxing one. Here there are tables with chairs around them, but mostly plants for producing oxygen. 19 Ananké Space Settlement
20 Ananké Space Settlement
For couples and singles Houses for them have the same dimensions. The difference is that the couples live only at the ground-floor, while single people live at the first floor of the house Each inhabitant has the possibility of designing the interior of his house, without restrictions. We propose some models of design that have the aim of comfort. Living room: NŸŘǣÞ_sǋÞŘ¶ǼÌs¯OǼǼÌǼsɚsǋɴǼÌÞŘ¶ŸŘŘŘĨwÞǣ
based on high technology, in the living room, on one of the walls, we have smart glass which can be decorated by wish ʹƼsǋǣŸŘĶ ƼÌŸǼŸǣʰ ĶŘ_ǣOƼsǣ sǼOʳʺʳˇǻÌs ǻəˇ Þǣ
basically an image on this smart glass that can be modified as we wish. We can make the image bigger or smaller, we can move it anywhere on the glass, and we can divide it into two so as to watch more channels in the same time. The high technology allows us to send messages or pictures directly from the glass, this way we can have smart glass on tables as well. The smart glass can cast holograms. 21 Ananké Space Settlement
2.1.1.2. Transport Infrastructure In the big torus, at the 0 level, the transport is made with personal cars, bicycles or with busses on automatic pilot. The 0 level communicates with the underground levels through elevators. One of the elevators is used for human transportation to every level. Another elevator transports animal feces both in the fertilizer level, and also in the small torus (for the agriculture). For the agriculture, all of the feces are colected in front of the spoke, named ˆǻÌs
ǢǼǋˇʳ 22 Ananké Space Settlement
The commercialized products of the chemical industry and the food are transported to the 0 level by another elevator. 23 Ananké Space Settlement
The vegetables, fruits and grains from the small torus are transported in the big torus through an elevator, which ¶ŸsǣǼÌǋŸȖ¶ÌǼÌsǣƼŸĨsŘŎs_ˆǻÌsǢǼǋˇʳ The most complex transportation system is the one of the energy. The energy is spread from the underground levels of the big torus, through spokes to the spheres and also to the small torus. From here, according to the specific needs of each, the energy is transferred in the central axis through the spoke-torus system. 24 Ananké Space Settlement
Sick people arrive in central axis, in the Special Recovery Center, through ǼÌsǣƼŸĨsŘŎs_ˉǻÌs
rŎƼǋsǣǣˇʳ As for everything thing else, the transport is effectuated through all the three spokes or through the spoke-torus system according to the specific necessities. 25 Ananké Space Settlement
2.1.1.3. Territorial and Functional Sections LEGEND *There are 6337 houses in one section; there are 3 sections in total. 26 Ananké Space Settlement
2.1.2. Small Torus The Small Torus is used for the pharmaceutical industry, building materials and metallurgical industry, for the machines and robots builder industry, and also for agriculture, more specific for growing plants. 2.1.2.1. Stratification for Agriculture The space occupied by agriculture has 18 levels, of about 50 m height each. The levels are above and below the central level (1C). The levels above the central level are noted with C, because their orientation is to the central cylinder. The levels below the central level are noted with E because their orientation is to the exterior of the space settlement. The Small Torus can be fully crossed only through the central level. 2.1.3. The Spheres The spheres are very important because of their position in relation with the center of the space settlement. The environment formed in every sphere is adapted to the requirements of the activities developed. 27 Ananké Space Settlement
2.1.3.1. The Star ǻÌs ¯ȖsĶ Þǣ ƼǋŸ_ȖOs_ ÞŘ ǼÌs OĶŸǣsǣǼ ǣƼÌsǋs ǼŸ ǼÌs ǼŸǋȖǣʰ ŘŎs_ ˉǻÌs ǢǼǋˇʳ ®ǋŸŎ Ìsǋs ÞǼ Þǣ
transported through the spoke in the small torus, in the spokes-tori system and then in the central cylinder, supplying this way the rockets. The sphere is divided in four sections. In a quarter is produced a quarter with liquid oxygen. These two compounds form one kind of fuel. In another quarter is produced hydrazine. And the last quarter is left for different experiment for fuel. 28 Ananké Space Settlement
2.1.3.2. Temperance The blue part of the sphere represents the Water Management System (See: 2.6. Life Quality- 2.6.4. Water Management). Almost half of it is occupied by the Storage Room with the capacity of 8,360,000 liters. The other part is divided in two sections: - HCWS (home consumption water system) the water, which comes from the big torus, is recycled. - ICWC (industry consumption water system) the water, which comes from industries and agriculture, is recycled. The green part of the sphere represents the Waste Management System (See: 2.6.6 Life Quality-
2.6.5.Waste Management). It is divided in 4 sections, named by their purpose. In each section, the waste is recycled using different methods. 29 Ananké Space Settlement
2.1.3.3. The Empress Stratification 30 Ananké Space Settlement
2.1.4. C entral C ylinder
This part of the space settlement is very important for the properties of 0g. The most interesting
section is the recovery center, in which people badly harmed are treated.
2.2 SOCIAL ORGANISATION 2.2.1. POPULATION AGE 0-2 years INHABITANTS 8.000 3-12 years 40. 000 12 -18 years Male 12.000 Female 13.000 19-60 years Male 102.000 Female 105.000 ŘŘĨwǢƼOsǢsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼÌǣtotal population of 320,000 people. 31 Ananké Space Settlement
+ 60 years 40.000 1. Selecting the inhabitants In order to avoid any kind of incidents or unpleasant situations which might be caused by the health condition of the inhabitants (both psychological and physical), we are conducting a very rigorous selection. First of all, through news media, the Internet and billboards we are making public the preparations for firing up the spaceship. We are also inviting a few influential scientists (from all areas of interest) to make sure that they are participating in the interview. All the people interested to live on ŘŘĨwOŘƼƼĶɴŸŘĶÞŘsEɴ¯ÞĶĶÞŘ¶ŸȖǼ¯ŸǋŎ¯ŸȖŘ_ŸŘǼÌsŸ¯¯ÞOÞĶɠsEǣÞǼsŸ¯ǼÌsǣÌÞƼʳǻÌs¯ŸǋŎOŘEs
viewed in the next page. This initial data is processed and sorted rigorously. We only accept 500,000 possible inhabitants from the total number of applicants. These people then have to participate in a second round of selections, which consists of an interview conducted Ǽ ŸȖǋ Ìs_ǇȖǋǼsǋǣʳ ^ȖǋÞŘ¶ ɠssĨ˅ǣ ǼÞŎsʰ ǼÌs
participants undergo a set of medical and physical examinations. Moreover, they go through a background check, during which we review their criminal record, and gather important genealogical data about their families and predecessors. One of the main reasons for this intense investigation is to spot genetic and psychological diseases, and any possible behavioral deviations. From among the 500,000, then we select 300,000 future inhabitants. Their age varies anywhere between 0 and 80 years old. Those selected then can settle on the spaceship along with their families or by themselves. In case one of their family members does not meet all the requirements, he or she cannot live on the ship. The other family members then have two options: either they get on the ship without that family member, or they do not leave at all. During the selection process, we do not discriminate based on religion, nationality, or sexual or political orientation. 2. Selecting tourists ÝŘ Ÿǋ_sǋ ǼŸ ɚŸÞ_ Řɴ _ÞǣǼȖǋEŘOs Ÿ¯ ĶÞ¯s ŸŘ ŘŘĨwʰ ɠs OÌŸǣs ɚsǋɴ Oǋs¯ȖĶĶɴ ǼÌs ǼŸȖǋÞǣǼǣ ɠÌŸ
want to visit our space settlement. They have to pass a number of rigorous tests, as well as a close medical examination. If they satisfy all the requiremeŘǼǣǼÌsɴǋsĶĶŸɠs_ǼŸɚÞǣÞǼŘŘĨwʳ 3. Family aspects ŷŘ ŘŘĨwʰ OÞǼÞʊsŘǣ ¶sǼ ŎǋǋÞs_ Ǽ ǼÌs ǋs¶ÞǣǼǋɴ ɠÌÞOÌ Þǣ ǣÞǼȖǼs_ ÞŘ ǼÌs ®sǣǼÞɚÞǼɴ ËĶĶ Ÿ¯ ǼÌs
Cultural and Entertainment Center. The bodies of the deceased are incinerated. Families decide what to do with the ash. While pregnant, women have to take periodical tests in order to know if the pregnancy goes normally. Considering the fact that all inhabitants have been very closely checked, no genetic malformation can appear. However, there is a small chance that the fetus can suffer from a series of congenital malformations. In this situation, the parents have two options: either they keep the baby and return to Earth or they interrupt the pregnancy. 32 Ananké Space Settlement
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6.) A N N E X
Documents to prove the up-mentioned data.
2.2.2. CULTURE AND ENTERTAINMENT Culture represents a defining factor ¯ŸǋĶĶÌȖŎŘǣŸOÞsǼÞsǣʰŘŘĨw Space Settlement making no exception. Therefore, we promote the expressing of national identity and gaining knowledge both about the history of the settlement and the origin of the idea, and about life on Earth and the possibility of extending live on other planets as well. ɟs ¯OÞĶÞǼǼs ǼÌs ǣsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼ˅ǣ own television channel which specializes on broadcasting documentaries, educational shows and news. We do not promote the appearance of celebrities on the settlement, thus, we avoid using people in television. Instead, we focus on displaying various images, accompanied by voice. In order to provide better information about the current events outside the settlement, we also capture television channel transmitting from Earth on all the devices capable of recognizing television signal. Culture and entertainment centers There are 3 culture and entertainment centers in the residential area, one in each section of the big torus. 34 Ananké Space Settlement
Because of the necessity of having a concert hall and a festivity room, which require bigger heights, we propose building a torus shaped building, with details similar to those of the Sydney Opera House in Australia and disposing of a semi-basement, ground floor and two other floors. Because of its purpose of reuniting both elements of culture and entertainment, the center is divided into two sections, one of them dedicated to cultural activities and the other one providing facilities for relaxation and having fun. Section 1: The semi-basement: bowling, billiard, video games experience room, holloteck (hologram based games and 4d experiences) + deposits and technical control rooms. The ground floor: a museum room (that illustrates the entire history of the settlement, from the very beginning to present days. It shows the evolution of this innovative idea and its implementation. It also displays exhibits representing images and rocks from other planetsʺʰO¯wˀĶŸȖŘ¶sEǋɠÞǼÌOOsǣǣ
to the interior yard. The first floor: restaurant The second floor: 4D cinema hall (there are 4 of these) Section 2: The semi-basement: bowling, billiard 35 Ananké Space Settlement
The ground floor: ¯ŸɴsǋʰO¯wˀĶŸȖŘ¶sEǋ The first and second floors: festivity hall, concert hall (where concert are transmitted through holograms from Earth) ŷŘǼŸƼŸ¯ǼÌsǣsOŸŘ_ǣsOǼÞŸŘǼÌsǋsÞǣǼsǋǋOsʳĶǣŸʰǼÌsǣŸOĶĶs_ˆ¶ǋssŘǼsǋǋOsǣˇǋsǼŸEs
found at the sports and entertainment centers, in intercalated regime, between the sections, having a very important social role. 36 Ananké Space Settlement
The Empress Sphere for Holographic Experiences ǻÌsˆrŎƼǋsǣǣˇǢƼÌsǋsʹǼÌsŸŘsǣÞǼȖǼs_ŎŸǣǼOĶŸǣsĶɴǼŸǼÌsEÞ¶ǼŸǋȖǣʺÌǣŘsŘǼsǋǼÞŘŎsŘǼ
purpose, creating a wide range of experiences naturally possible on earth but otherwise impossible on the settlement, based on tactile holograms. The access is easily facilitated by the transport means which make their way through the spoke. 37 Ananké Space Settlement
The technology that makes this experiences possible: In order to facilitate the conditions necessary so as to reproduce the six experiences purposed, we make use of the process called holography which allows reconstructing a tree-dimensional image of an object by enabling a light field to be captured and recorded. The process of making holograms seems tangible: The so called touchable hologram which makes the experiences in the sphere seem even more life-like is actually a combination between the three dimensional projection, a sensor array and tactile feedback which provide the illusion of touch. Also, there are temperature variations and artificially created winds in order to make the entire activity more authentic. Some special sensors are able to ŎŸ_Þ¯ɴŘ__ĠȖǣǼǼÌsEsÌɚÞŸǋŸ¯ǼÌsÌŸĶŸ¶ǋŎɠÌsŘˆǼŸȖOÌs_ˇEy people. In order to determine the exact location and movements of a person some kind of haptic technology is used and special cameras and sensors transmit the information received to a computer which adjusts and controls the image and activates the tactile feedback. Also, ultrasound pushes objects in the direction of its propagation. The experiences possible in the sphere are the following: -
Holographic Aquarium: People can stand bellow a huge window above which holograms recreate an entire aquatic world with a wide variety of fish, dolphins, sharks, corals and many other creatures which live in the oceans from Earth; -
Holographic Safari Area: The safari area allows people to walk around a zone which recreated precisely a desert. Sand is created by eroding meteorites and some plants are also grown there. Holograms replicate wild animals and a combination of sounds, winds and temperature variations make the experience even more life-like; -
Night Sky Simulator (Planetarium): The area of the planetarium has a big number of chairs which slightly move around the place while people sit down and watch a real show, replicating what happens in outer space. The planetarium can also provide images of the night sky as seen in different places on Earth; -
Simulation of Life in Egypt: In this area, sand dunes are formed and holograms create the illusion of pyramids and camels, as seen in Egypt; -
Hive Reproduction: ǻÌÞǣs_ȖOǼÞɚsǋsǋsƼǋsǣsŘǼǣǼÌsÞŘǼsǋÞŸǋŸ¯ÌÞɚsŘ_ǣÌŸɠǣǼÌsɠɴEssǣ˅OŸĶŸŘɴ
work in detail. It is obvious oversized in comparison to the real hives so that people could walk around in this area; -
North Pole Experience Simulator: ǻÌs ˆŗŸǋǼÌ ƻŸĶsˇ ǋsʰ ǣ ÞǼǣ ŘŎs ǣȖ¶¶sǣǼǣʰ ǋsOǋsǼsǣ ǼÌs OŸŘ_ÞǼÞŸŘǣ
that can be found at the North Pole of Earth, with the help of holograms. Wind and temperature variations make this even more authentic. This sphere is a great entertainment and relaxation facility both for the inhabitants and the tourists visiting ŘŘĨwǢƼOsǢsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼʳ 38 Ananké Space Settlement
Zero G Experience In the central cylinder, where the gravity acceleration is equal to 0, there is an area for entertainment where people can experience weightlessness and they can adapt various sports in this area with no or little gravity force. They experience floating, but with the help of magnets placed in shoes and on walls, they can also walk around that area, and also walk upside-down. 2.2.3. SPORT As sports have been present since the earliest societies as a form of entertaining and as a way of ÞŎƼǋŸɚÞŘ¶ŸŘs˅ǣÌsĶǼÌʰɠsƼǋŸŎŸǼsǼÌsƼǋOǼÞOs of a wide variety of sport, similar to those on Earth. We also organize sports competitions among schools and universities and other kind of competitions among those interested. We also have transmissions of sports competitions and Olympic Games organized on Earth. As sport is widely considered as being benefic to health, we seek to achieve a certain number of hours of physical activities per week for each inhabitant. We also promote the development of physical activities classes for those enrolled in schools, which have the following number of sports classes per week: Elementary School Secondary School High school 4 hours/week 3 hours/week 3 hours/week Sport activities practiced from early childhood have a wide number of benefits including the healthy development of the organism. Apart from the physical benefits, sports also help children to increase self-esteem and may play an important part in reducing the levels of stress and anxiety. General Health Benefits of Physical Activities: -
decreasing the risk of certain diseases; reduces the cost of treating obesity, as it helps people keep fit; preserves the ideal function of muscles, bones, joint and the cardiovascular system; relieves stress, depression, anxiety. Heart Condition: -
regular light exercises such as walking reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes; prevents hypertension. 39 Ananké Space Settlement
Bones and joints: -
reduces lower back pain; helps prevent or reduces the development of osteoarthritis; helps prevent osteoporosis and strengthens bones by increasing their density (especially in the case of young people). Other diseases: -
sports may prevent the risk of development of certain types of cancer; may help to manage and prevent type 2 diabetes; helps to control the blood sugar level. Weight: sports burn calories and in this way, helps to maintain a healthy weight; helps those who already have weight problems. Mental diseases: reduces depression and anxiety related diseases; reduces stress. Because of this high importance of sports and leisure activities, Anankw Space Settlement benefits from 3 sports centers, in each of the sections:
Sports center 40 Ananké Space Settlement
The building has an ellipsoidal form and has a semi-basement, a ground floor plus other two floors which have the following facilities: -
In the inner courtyard (in the middle of this ellipsoidal building) there is a football stadium surrounded by a running track and stands for the audience at sports games, that is covered by a transparent dome; -
Fitness center; Spa; Lounge bar; Cycling rooms; Skating rink; ˆµǋssŘˇǼsǋǋOsǣ; Facilities for a variety of other sports and their innovative variations. For those buildings we take into consideration The Constructal Theory elaborated by Adrian Bejan, representing an universal phenomenon found in nature, but which, applied to architecture, refers to the rose of the structural-architectural complexity so as to give more flexibility and efficacy to a building. The basic concept is the preset of the constructal elements (metallic element) which compose the ˆǣǼǋsŘ¶ǼÌ ǣĨsĶsǼŸŘˇ Ÿ¯ ǼÌs EȖÞĶ_ÞŘ¶ǣ ɠÞǼÌ ǼÌs Ƽǋs_ŸŎÞŘǼÞŸŘ Ÿ¯ ǼÌŸǣs _sƼsŘ_ÞŘ¶ ŸŘ ǼÌs ƼǋŸ¯ÞĶs Ř_
functional capacities of the buildings. 41 Ananké Space Settlement
2.2.4. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS 2.2.4.1. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Children between 2 and 4 years are send to nursery, between 4 and 7 years old go to kindergarden, from 7 to 10 years old they goto elementary school, from 10 to 15 years old they go to secondary school and from 15 up to 19 they study in highschool,afterwards starting their courses at the University. The educational system is based on theory as well as on practice. The pupils receive via e-mail, from the very first day, the schedule that includes all the dates about tests ,semester papers as well as the dead line for laboratory work and semestrial esseys. The laboratory work has to contain: the teoretical description of the fenomenen, the establishment of the practical paper, the analysis paper, calculations, possible sources of error and the conclusion. The themes of the projects are chosen by teachers from different subjects. The school year has 41 weeks devided in 2 semesters. Schools begin on the first Monday of September and they end on the last Friday of June. The second semester starts on the first Monday of February. After 8 weeks of school, the children have an one-week holiday. The inter-semestrial holiday is 2 weeks long ,while the holiday between the school years is 4 weeks long. ǢǼǋǼÞŘ¶ ɠÞǼÌ ǼÌs sĶsŎsŘǼǋɴ ǣOÌŸŸĶ ʰOÌÞĶ_ǋsŘ˅ǣ ǣOÌs_ȖĶs ǣǼǋǼǣ ŸŘ ōŸŘ_ɴ Ř_ sŘ_ǣ ŸŘ ®ǋÞ_ɴʳ ŷŘ
Wednesday, they have adventyres/expeditions/cultural activities/extracurricular activities /sports. Wednesday represents the support of laboratory work and has an relaxing and educational purpose .At the middle of every week, children can visit different offices , they can visit the 0G centre,the Control Centre or the meteorits/asteroids from L4. This day has a well determined purpose: the evolution of the education system. We believe that with the help of this day, children can adapt more easily to a serious timetable. The extracurricular activities (drama hours, chorus, dancing classes or any other sport etc.) take place from from 15.00 to 17.00. The library is a site in which the students log in using their names and password. Here they can read online any books they want. On the Settlement, there are 3 different buildings for education. Two of them have the same shape, but the one that hoststhe Kindergarden and the Elementary school is smaller than the Secondary school and Highschool. The buildings have 4 entrances, which are situated symetrically from the center of the builing. The University building has the ground floor in the form of an ellipsoid. The first floor has an elongated torus. The whole building is made of glass for the light to come in in every single room. The ĶsOǼȖǋsÌĶĶǣŘ_ǼÌsǼsOÌsǋǣ˅ǋŸŸŎǋsǣÞǼȖǼs_ŸŘǼÌs¶ǋŸȖŘ_ĶsɚsĶŘ_ǼÌsĶEŸǋǼŸǋɴǋŸŸŎǣǋsŸŘǼÌs
first floor. 43 Ananké Space Settlement
For registration at babycare/kindergarden/ elementary school/ secondary school/ highschool parents have 2 posibilities: they can fill in the online form or they can go to ǼÌsÞŘǣǼÞǼȖǼs˅ǣǣsOǋsǼǋɴ. ǻÌs ŸŘĶÞŘs ¯ŸǋŎ OŘ Es ¯ŸȖŘ_ ŸŘ ǼÌs ǣOÌŸŸĶ˅ǣ Ÿ¯¯ÞOÞĶ ǣÞǼs Ř_ ŎȖǣǼ Es OŸŎƼĶsǼs_ Eɴ ŸŘs Ÿ¯ ǼÌs
parents and must contain his/her signature. This OŸŘǣÞǣǼǣŸ¯ǼÌsǣǼȖ_sŘǼ˅ǣƼsǋǣŸŘĶ_Ǽʳǣ¯ŸǋĨÞŘ_sǋ¶ǋǼsŘʰ
it must be mentioned what type of program the parents choose (the short 4-hour-program or the long 8-
hour-program), and both for middle-school, and for high-school a rubric in which the student chooses the optional subjects must be filled in. The second way is similar to the first one, just the form is complsǼs_EɴǼÌsǣOÌŸŸĶ˅ǣǣsOǋsǼǋɴ directly into the system. The children who enter the babycare are between 2 and 4 years old. In each building with offices there is a babycare in which the parents who come to work can leave their children during the program. During lunch breaks, the parents can visit their children and have lunch with them. When parents have some spare time, they can participate at the activities along with their children. Thus, families are not divided, and the children do not loose the affectivity of their parents. The relationship between parents and children is essential for the healthy growth and development of the little ones. The parents have the right to take decisions regarding the babycare in which their child is allocated: inside the building in which they work. The employers of the babycares are taking care of a number of children directly proportional to the age of the little ones. The attendants will supervise 2 children aged 2 and 5 children aged 3 to 4 years. The rooms in which the children carry on their activities are painted in pale colors (table2.2.4.1.1.) whose role is to cheer them, to help them focus and to remain calm.The chambers also have pile toys and differnet types of games. The purpose of the babycare is to help the parents split their time between work and home. The children benefit from babycares because they develop much from playing 46 Ananké Space Settlement
Room Colors used The The benefits of colors proportion in which they are used Play room Yellow 40% It stimulates the memory and the attention, being the most indicated color for the ones who study; represents bravery, positive thinking, curiosity and increases work capacity. Green 35% It is the most relaxing color for the eyes and it also induces the feeling of joy, childhood, play and freedom. Blue 10% It relaxes calms down and in psychological plan it tranquilizes. It induces the feeling of security and protection. Orange 7% Eliminates the feeling of tiredness? Violet 5% It is the color of wisdom; stimulates the intellect. Red 3% It stimulates the attention and concentration if it is used sporadically in the setting. Relaxation room Blue 70% It relaxes, calms down and in psychological plan it tranquilizes. It induces the feeling of security, protection. Violet 15% It is the color of wisdom; stimulates the intellect. Yellow 15% It stimulates the memory and the attention, being the most indicated color for the ones who study; represents bravery, positive thinking, curiosity and increases work capacity. -
Table 2.2.4.1.1. -
The nursery consists of two rooms: a play room and a rest room. The play room is painted in proportions of 40% with yellow, 35% with green, 10% with blue, 7% with orange and 3% with red. This is the ideal combination of colors for relaxation, concentration and for keeping the good mood. In the middle of the room are tables with chairs. From place to place are comfortable pillows for relaxation. On the walls are shelves with toys. Also the play room is equipped with boxes through which children can listen to relaxing music. The relaxation room is painted in blue in proportions of 70%, violet 15% and yellow 15%. This mixture of colors is suitable for rest and a quiet sleep. The room is equipped with comfortable beds for the little ones and shelves with toys. For sleep, the children are changed into pajamas, and the clothes are placed in the closets inside the room. 47 Ananké Space Settlement
Children with the age five to seven go to kindergarten. They are divided into groups of 15. The kindergarten represents training for the primary school. Here they put their knowledge bases related to reading, to writing and they also develop their artistic skills. The program includes four hours per day. The children, whose parents work late, can stay at the kindergarten four more hours. The children learn, through games, how to behave in society, how to write and read. The little ones can participate in other extracurricular activities like theatre, sports and painting. Children starting with the age of seven years old go to Elementary School, which lasts three years. Every school is equipped with classrooms for every group of students, cafeteria, gym, sports ¯ÞsĶ_ʰǼsOÌsǋ˅ǣǋŸŸŎʰĶŸOĨsǋǋŸŸŎǣʰǣǼŸǋ¶sǋŸŸŎǣŘ_EǼÌǋŸŸŎǣǼÌǼÌɚsǣÌŸɠsǋǣʳǻÌsǣOÌŸŸĶ˅ǣǣǼ¯¯
is composed of teachers, counselors, psychologistʰǣOÌŸŸĶ˅ǣƼǋÞŘOÞƼĶʰǼɠŸǣsOǋsǼǋÞsǣŘ_OŸŸĨǣʳ The children are divided in classes of 20 students. Each class is in the care of a teacher, which is also responsible with the teaching part. Each class has a permanent classroom where they develop their courses (table 2.2.4.1.2.). Courses hours are from Monday to Friday, Wednesday being the day for expeditions/practice/cultural activities/extracurricular activities/sportive activities. No. The name of the subject Hours/Week 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. English Mathematics Culture and Civilization Physical Education German French 8 4 2 4 2 2 -Table 2.2.4.1.2.- The program starts every day at 9 AM and ends at 15 PM, with a lunch break of 60 minutes at 12 Ÿ˅OĶŸOĨʳOŸȖǋǣsĶǣǼǣˤ˟ŎÞŘȖǼsǣŘ_ǼÌsEǋsĨǣˠ˟ŎÞŘȖǼsǣʳ From the age of 10 to the age of 15, children go to Secondary School. Every school is equipped with specific laboratories for children of all ages, cafeteria, a library ɠÞǼÌ sĶsOǼǋŸŘÞO EŸŸĨǣʰ ¶ɴŎʰ ǣƼŸǋǼǣ¯ÞsĶ_ʰ ǼsOÌsǋ˅ǣ ǋŸŸŎʰ ĶŸOĨsǋ ǋŸŸŎǣʰ ǣǼŸǋ¶s ǋŸŸŎǣ Ř_ EǼÌǋŸŸŎǣ
that have showers. ǻÌs ǣOÌŸŸĶ˅ǣ ǣǼ¯¯ is cŸŎƼŸǣs_ Ÿ¯ ǼsOÌsǋǣʰ OŸȖŘǣsĶŸǋǣʰ ƼǣɴOÌŸĶŸ¶ÞǣǼʰ ǣOÌŸŸĶ˅ǣ
principal, two secretaries and one cook. The students can choose the classes they attend. Every course is formed of 20 students. Every teacher is responsible for the laboratory where his course takes place. The students move from one laboratory to another, respecting the timetable. 48 Ananké Space Settlement
The program starts every day at 8 AM and ends at 15 PM, with a lunch break of 60 minutes at 12 Ÿ˅OĶŸOĨʳOŸȖǋǣsĶǣǼǣˤ˟ŎÞŘȖǼsǣŘ_ǼÌsEǋsĨǣˠ˟ŎÞŘȖǼsǣʳ The students have 9 mandatory subjects (table 2.2.4.1.3.) and the can choose 5 other optional subjects (table 2.2.4.1.4.) No. The name of the subject Number of hours/ week 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. English Mathematics German/French Physical Education Culture and civilization Biology Chemistry Physics Arts 4 4 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 -
Table 2.2.4.1.3. - No. Name of the subject Level Number of courses/week 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 11. Biology Chemistry Physics Mathematics Culture and Civilization of Terra Informatics Informatics Robotics Communication skills A A A A B A B C B 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 12. 16. 17. 18. Astronomy German French Spanish B B B C 1 1 1 1 -Table 2.2.4.1.4.- High school consists of 2 cycles: Junior High and Senior High. Every cycle lasts 2 years. In Junior High the students concentrate on the subjects they wanted, having 5 mandatory optionals (table 2.2.4.1.6.) besides the 5 common subject (table 2.2.4.1.5.) for all the students. 49 Ananké Space Settlement
There are 26 hours per week, from which 10 hours are mandatory subjects and 16 are mandatory optionals. The subjects that students choose are on different levels, A level being the highest, and they can have from 1 to 3 hours per week. No. Subject Description of the subject 1. English 2. Mathematics 3. Physical Education 4. History, Culture and Civilization of the settlement 5. Psychology It focuses on communication and the writing of speeches and essay. It focuses on calculus and and applications of mathematics in everyday life. Consists of physical exercise, and information about the human body, health and sexual education. 3 2 3 1 It focuses on understanding of the human soul and human relationships -Table 2.2.4.1.5.- 50 Number of hours/ week No. Subject Level Number of hours/ week 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Biology Chemistry Physics Mathematics Mathematics Economy Management Informatics Informatics Robotics Sketch Pedagogy Electronics Genetics Communication skills Astrophysics Astronomy Anatomy German B B B B A B C A B A B B A B B A B A C 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ananké Space Settlement
1 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. German B German A French C French B French A Spanish C Spanish B Spanish A -‐ -Table 2.2.4.1.6.- 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 In Senior High the students choose 5 subjects (4 hours/ week every subject) in which they take the final exam. Besides these, the students have the physical education (3 hours/week). According to the subjects chosen and the grades from the exams, they go to college. The enrollment and college entry system ÞǣEǣs_ŸŘǼÌsǣǼȖ_sŘǼǣ˅ƼŸǋǼ¯ŸĶÞŸʳThe students go to college after having their portfolio evaluated. This is composed of the personal data and both the subjects chosen in the past two years and the grades of the exams. Besides these the student is advised to prepare a motivation letter and a letter of recommendation from a teacher. Based on their portfolio, they enter one of the 5 options chosen. This portfolio is completed online in the first semester of the 12th grade, and after the arrival of the results of the final exams, they find out at what college they got into. Every student has the opportunity to study in a Univeristy. On the settlement we have 3 universities composed of a variety of colleges within which the students benefit of the completion of the graduate studies. Master degree is represented by the last year of college, the college having a total of 4 years. The graduation degree is taken for every course, with a total of 6 diplomas. This way the students focus on the respective courses, the area that they will work being much wider, an exception being the Medicine college. 2.2.4.2. HEALTH SYSTEM Our OÞǼÞʊsŘǣ˅ health is very important for the goŸ__sɚsĶŸƼŎsŘǼŸ¯ĶÞ¯sŸŘŘŘĨw. Sanitary education, self-knowledge and self-education are some of the main important aspects Ÿ¯ĶÞ¯sŸŘŘŘĨw. The inhabitants are aware of the importance of taking care of their health. Therefore, they go to doctor no matter how serious their condition is. Also, the citizens must have a full set of medical tests, every year. These include some special tests for detecting cancer. 51 Ananké Space Settlement
MEDICAL CENTERS ŷŘ ŘŘĨw there are 4 Medical Centers which consist of a hospital and a Health Clinic, a 0G Treatment Centre, a stem cells bank, a blood bank and a sperm bank. Medical clinics have all the main departments: Pediatrics, Cardiology, Diagnosis Department, ENT, Neurology, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Urology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Radiology, Laboratories, Physical Therapy. The laboratories have all the improvements necessary to make complete medical tests (hematology, microbiology, biochemistry etc.). It also contains the devices for medical investigation: MRI, CT, 3D scan. 3D scan is a modern technology which provides the vision of the entire human body and its internal components. The inhabitants go to these Health Clinics for periodical consultations, for minor disorders. The main purpose of the Health Clinics is diagnosing and testing. The Clinics are open for patients between 8 A.M. and 5 P.M., but there is a lunch break between 1 A.M. and 2 A.M. Hospitals In case of any serious injuries or illnesses, patients are sent to one of the 4 hospitals. Unlike clinics, here we have operating rooms, intensive care units and emergency rooms. Patients are hospitalized while being treated. 52 Ananké Space Settlement
All 4 hospitals look like in the picture above. They have 2 floors and a basement where are deposited materials. There is a Main Entrance and 4 other second entrances. There is also a place where ŎEȖĶŘOsǣOŸŎsʰǼǼÌsÌŸǣƼÞǼĶ˅ǣsŘ_ʳǻÌsǋsÞǣĶǣŸŘÞŘǼsǋÞŸǋ¶ǋ_sŘʳ Hospitals have 2 elevators conveyor. These are exterior elevators which transport people both on horizontal and vertical direction. Each hospital has the same plan: -At the ground floor there are: Emergency Rooms Department of Surgery, Operating Rooms, Intensive Care Unit, Maternity and Neonatal Unit. There is also a Pharmacy which has a separate entrance. -At the first floor are situated all the other hospital departments: Pediatrics, Cardiology, Diagnostic Department, ENT, Neurology, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Urology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Pathology, Hematology, Radiology, Research Department, Laboratories, Physical Therapy. Every Department has 5 Patient Rooms, medical offices and on-call rooms. In each Patient Room stay 2 patients and every room has its bathroom. In each hospital is a special department for astronauts. Beside treating and testing astronauts, here are researched diseases specific for life in space. At the first floor, above the Main Entrance is a cafeteria divided into two sections: one for medical staff and one for patients. Hospitals have a permanent Schedule. Doctors and nurses work in more shifts. In the night shift work doctors that live in a section where is day time then. Therefore, Ŏs_ÞOĶǣǼ¯¯_ŸsǣŘ˅ǼÌɚs¯¯sOǼs_ǼÌsÞǋŘŸǋŎĶbiorhythm. Doctors and nurses are not under the stress and tiredness caused by the lack of sleep. 53 Ananké Space Settlement
There is a 0G Treatment Centre. Here, patients can regain more easily their muscular strength, balance and the ability of walking normaly. Also, paralized people from Earth can come for treatment to our space settlement. ŷŘŘŘĨw, we a have a stem cells bank. The stem cells are taken from the umbilical cord of all the babies born on the space settlement. Stem cells are used for treating some diseases like Diabetes, Crohn disease, heart diseases,some types of cancer and spine lesions. * Most of the hospital surfaces are covered with an antimicrobial glass. This stops the growth of bacteria, fungus and viruses. This is light and has chemical and mechanical resistance. This glass is also used in the interior of Operating Rooms, in order to create a perfectly sterile enviroment. *Cleaning and sanitation is made by specialized robots. They use antiseptic solutions. *Doctors will have all ǼÌsƼǼÞsŘǼǣ˅OÌǋǼǣŘ_ŸǼÌsǋ_ŸOȖŎsŘǼǣŸŘǼÌsÞǋDǻŸǋN^ʳ 55 Ananké Space Settlement
MEDICAL RESEARCH Each hospital contains a Research Department. Here, researchers are trying to find new treatments for incurable diseases, as well as a new way of ameliorating some genetic disorders. New treatments for cancer are discovered. At the same time, there are studied physiological and behavioral changes which occur because of leaving Earth and staying on the space settlement. Researchers want to know if returning to Earth represents a danger to the health of someone who spent his entire life on the space settlement and whose parents and even grandparents also lived here. The immunity decrease is considered because of the inexistence of some microorganisms and allergens. MEDICAL STAFF On ŘŘĨw there are 1 500 doctors and almost 2 000 nurses. They are equally placed in every hospital. Therefore, in each Medical Centre work almost 500 doctors. Every doctor, except for surgeons, works in hospitals, in shifts, as well as a day/week in clinics. MEDICAL EDUCATION Medical school graduates have a general specialization. They choose a specialization and become interns. They work in hospitals and Health Clinics under the close guidance of a resident. Mainly, 5 interns are distributed to each resident. Interns˅ responsibilities are reduced. They cannot do complex medical procedures without the supervision of a resident. Moreover, they cannot make medical decisions by themselves. At the end of the internship, which takes a year, they take an exam. If they pass it they become residents. Residents have more responsibilities. The length of residency depends on the specialization (3 years for internal medicine, 8 years for surgery and 10 years for neurosurgery). Considering their performance and professional prepare at the end of the residency, they can become attending physicians. Attending physicians are highly specialized. MEDICAL EMERGENCY In each hospital is an Emergency Room. Here come patients that have a medical emergency and patients who are taken by ambulances. Each hospital can provide up to 10 ambulances. Ambulances have emergency medical equipment and moveable intensive care equipment. On each ambulance work 3 paramedics. The bracelet people have permanently around their wrist contains important medical information: blood type, Rh and any chronic diseases. Therefore, if something happens to an inhabitant doctors can proceed immediately. All the time, in the Control Centre are doctors who monitors the alert screen on which appears the recording of the bracelet, in case the vital signs are out of the normal limits. They immediately alert the hospitals and an ambulance is sent to take the patient. Using the bracelet we can detect the exact location where that inhabitant is. There is a database in which all the medical information about each inhabitant is stored. Due to this, in case of the necessity of a transplant, doctors will know very soon who can be a donor. 56 Ananké Space Settlement
2.2.4.3. G O V E R N M E N T SYST E M
ŘŘĨwNŸŘǣtitution Article 1: ǻÌsǢǼǼsŸ¯ŘŘĨw (1) It is a sovereign state, independent from Terra. (2) It has a unique, new and improved government system, unprecedented on Terra. (Annex I) (3) The state is unitary and indivisible. Article 2: Sovereignty (1) The executive, judicial and legislative powers belong to the same entityformed by a group of people with different tasks. (Annex II) (2) No individual can stray through their actions from respecting the Constitution and cannot exercise any kind of authority on their own, by not following the interest and general well-being of this community. Article 3: The people, Citizenship and Equality (1) Citizenship is gained once accepted to live on the space settlement, or by being born there. (2) Citizenship can be withdrawn from an individual who does not obey the rules and has a harmful behavior for the settlement. As a result, the individual is also sent back to Earth. (Annex II) (3) All citizens are equal, regardless of race, ethnic origin, native language, religion, sex, opinion and the right of having an identity is recognized and respected for all of them. (Annex III) Article 4: Political Parities (1) There is only one political formation. (Annex II) Article 5: Relationships with Terra (1) ŘŘĨw ǋsƼǋsǣsŘǼǣ ŎĠŸǋ ǣǼsƼ ÞŘ the evolution of humankind and maintains peaceful relationships with all the states on Earth. (2) ŘŘĨwÌŸǣǼǣǼŸȖǋÞǣǼŘ_ǋsǣsǋOÌsǋǣ¯ǋŸŎrǋǼÌ (3) It represents the first step to colonizing the Solar System, and a stop on the way, for those working at the Terraforming of Mars. 57 Ananké Space Settlement
Article 6: The Official Language (1) ǻÌsŸ¯¯ÞOÞĶĶŘ¶Ȗ¶sŸŘŘŘĨwǢƼOsǢsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼÞǣrŘ¶ĶÞǣÌʳ Article 7: Identity (1) ŘŘĨwǢƼOsǣsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼÌǣÞǼǣŸɠŘÌÞǣǼŸǋɴŘ_Þ_sŘǼÞǼɴsɮƼǋsǣǣs_ǼÌǋŸȖ¶Ìʲ
flag, anthem, official national day. (Annex IV) Annex I: The political system on Anankw is a mixture of certain elements extracted from various political systems existent at a certain time on Earth. After analyzing the evolution of human kind, we have concluded that in order to create a stable society, which is our ultimate goal, we need to involve the government in all the aspects of daily lives, erasing the border between government and society, and making sure that those in charge follow strictly the interests of the settlement. Consequently our political system work as following: The state has a monopoly on all the actions and activities undertaken on the settlement, thus, eliminating the existence of private companies. This decision is due to the fact that we cannot allow competition among companies as this would lead to bankruptcy for one of them and this means the waste of essential resources. Also the government seeks to control not only the economic and political aspects, but also assures that the attitudes, values and beliefs of the citizens are morally right in order to insure a safe life on the settlement. The ultimate goal is creating a perfect society by carefully choosing the inhabitants and eliminating cruelty, corruption and inappropriate behavior, so as to set an example for all the existing societies. Annex II: The government is formed of a representative of each field, each of which elected once at four years, by a vote expressed by all the inhabitants of the settlement, on democratic basis. The main principles active in the election process are technocracy and meritocracy. In this way, top scientists, engineers and also technologists will compose the government body, along with lawyers, economists and people having a variety of knowledge in different areas of interest on the settlement. According to these concepts, the role of money becomes less important and the main concern moves from monetary profitability to sustainability within the basis of resources produced on the station. The democratic election is highly influenced by the leadership skills and specialized knowledge gained by each participant in the elections. In the government the appointments and responsibilities are assigned to each individual considering their merits, education and knowledge determined through an evaluation process held before the elections and its result being presented to the electors after that. Those ideologies of meritocracy and technocracy represent an ideal application to sovereignty especially on such a settlement. The existence of multiple political parties is eliminated. 58 Ananké Space Settlement
The role of each member is the following, based on their fields of work:
x
The Legislative Power: A team of 2 lawyers in charge with elaborating laws based on the Constitution. x
Judicial Power: Belongs to all the members of the government, forming a committee which, in the eventuality of an inhabitant having inappropriate behavior, determines the consequences of their acts. x
Executive Power: -
Internal Administration: An economist; -
Export and International Affairs (with the states on Earth): A mediator lawyer specialized on International Affairs and an economist; x
-
Agriculture: An agriculture engineer; -
Communications and Informational Services: An engineer/technologist; -
Culture: A historian/ architect/ artist; -
Tourism: A doctor and an economist; -
Economy and commerce: An economist; -
Education: A university teacher; -
Sport: A doctor; -
Health: A doctor; -
Social Protection: A psychologist; -
Transport and infrastructure: An engineer; Other scientists, researchers, engineers, lawyers, _ŸOǼŸǋǣ Ř_ ǼsOÌsǋǣ Ř_ ŸŘs ˆǣǣÞǣǼŘǼˇ ¯Ÿǋ
each of the members (aprox. 15) The members of the government work in the ˢÔŸŘǼǋŸĶOsŘǼsǋǣˇ, each of them situated in one of the sections of the big torus. They are split into 3 and their shifts vary, each consisting of 8 working hours. In this way, each time the persons switch shifts, they also switch the control center from which they supervise the activity of the inhabitants and the specialized robots. If a problem occurs, they take the appropriate action and in the eventuality in which it may be necessary they call the representative of the field affected from those listed above. They also have offices in these buildings and the inhabitant can come to them to express certain problems or ideas regarding the well-being of the settlement and to receive advice. For the general assembly of the government, which takes place periodically, the members of ǼÌs¶ŸɚsǋŘŎsŘǼ¶ǼÌsǋÞŘŸŘsŸ¯ǼÌssɚsŘǼǣ˅ÌĶĶǣÞŘǼÌsOȖĶǼȖǋsŘ_sŘǼsǋǼÞŘŎsŘǼOsŘǼsǋǣŘ__ȖǋÞŘ¶
the meeting, their places in the control centers are substituted by their assistants which for that time being over their duties and responsibilities. One other important reason of having this means of sovereignty is the purpose of promoting and expressing the so-called 7 types of intelligence, identified by Howard Gardner and described in the EŸŸĨˆ®ǋŎsǣŸ¯ōÞŘ_ʲǻÌsǻÌsŸǋɴŸ¯ōȖĶǼÞƼĶsÝŘǼsĶĶÞ¶sŘOsǣˇʳÝŘǼÌÞǣɠɴǼÌs˦ǼɴƼsǣŸ¯ÞŘǼsĶĶÞ¶sŘOsǋs
the following: 59 Ananké Space Settlement
x
Mathematic and rational intelligence: mainly characterizing logical judgment and identified at those working as mathematicians or physicians. x
Visual and spatial intelligence: represents the capacity of expressing mentally experiments and aspects of the real world. It belongs to artists, architects etc. x
Verbal and auditory intelligence: represents the capacity of memorizing the things priory heard and it is identified at those with writing and oratory skills. x
Musical and rhythmic intelligence: Those endowed with this kind of intelligence have the capacity of determining the rhythm specific to all the events. x
Kinesthetic intelligence: represents the capacity of working with concrete objects, coordinating movements and it can be identified at sportsmen, engineers etc. x
Intrapersonal intelligence: Characterizes those with rather solitary lives, which need silence and avoid the company of people in order to think to themselves and then come up with the ideas which they further express in their lives. x
Interpersonal intelligence: Those endowed with it have great leadership capacities, work very well as part of a team, get involved in group projects and are capable of making big decisions, in a rational way. Annex III: The national identity documents are stored digitally in the smart bracelets worn by all the inhabitants. These include: ^ƵƌŶĂŵĞ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͗ &ŝƌƐƚŶĂŵĞ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͗͘ ^Ğǆ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͗͘ ŝƌƚŚĚĂƚĞ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͗͘͘ ŝƌƚŚƉůĂĐĞ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͗͘ EĂƚŝŽŶĂůŝĚĞŶƚŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶĐŽĚĞ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͗͘ ĚĚƌĞƐƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͗ WĂƌĞŶƚƐŶĂŵĞƐ;ŝĨŝŶŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚƐͿ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͗͘ ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͗͘͘ Annex IV: Official National Day: 14th of May. (The 14th day of the month was chosen as it represents the ŘȖŎEsǋ Ÿ¯ ŎsŎEsǋǣ Ÿ¯ ǼÌs ǼsŎ ǼÌǼ ǣǼǋǼs_ ǼÌs ŘŘĨw ƼǋŸĠsOǼʳ ɟs ĶǣŸ OÌŸǣs ǼÌs ˤth month, as it rsƼǋsǣsŘǼǣŸȖǋǼsOÌsǋ˅ǣ_ǼsŸ¯EÞǋǼÌŘ_ÞǼÞǣĶǣŸŘȖŎEsǋǣɴŎEŸĶÞʊÞŘ¶sɮƼŘǣÞɚsŘsǣǣŘ_ĶÞEsǋǼɴȖǣs_ÞŘ
constructive way). 60 Ananké Space Settlement
2.2.5. TOURISM Anankw has the capacity of accomodating a number of 20,000 tourists whocan stay in three hotels. Every hotel is placed in the center of each section. In this way the tourists have access to all the ¯OÞĶÞǼÞsǣǼÌǼŘŘĨw offers. The Hotel offers the tourists a high level of services and comfort and it is perfect for both scientists who are on the settlement from research reasons and people that come here to spend their holiday. Well known for its futuristic architecture, the hotel is formed of two cylindrical bodies and another body placed in the center of the interior garden. The yard is between the other two bodies. ǻÌsǣsǋsǋsƼǋsǣsŘǼs_ÞŘˉÝŎ¶sˠˇʳ The Hotel has 100 rooms from which 2 senior apartments, 12 junior apartments, 30 twin rooms and 56 matrimonial rooms. Our hotels are innovative, that is why our hotel rooms combine two different styles: the one from Earth and the other one, which is more futuristic. The matrimonial rooms and the twin rooms are formed from a bedroom and a bathroom, and the apartments have a living room in addition. The room has a rectangular form, but the ceiling and the walls are arched. With the help of the security cameras, which are situated outside the Settlement, the tourists can turn on the holograms to show the Solar System live. The holograms appear on the ceiling and on the walls of the room. The central building has 3 levels: semi-basement, ground floor and the first floor. At the semi-
basement is the parking, at the ground-floor are placed the reception, the spa and the fitness center and at the first floor is the restaurant. The cylindrical and the central building are connected to each other through 2 tubes, provided with 2 doors. 61 Ananké Space Settlement
2.3. ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION 2.3.1. AGRICULTURE Agriculture is the science, the art or practice which deals with vegetable and animal food production process, fibers and other useful materials by systematic cultivation of plants and animals breeding. The main importance of agriculture is to produce the necessary food for humans. Both ABT and ATC contain a program that stores all information about food content and the nutritional needs of people at each age group. Someone can simply insert the approximate quantity of the aliments eaten that day Ř_ǼÌsƼǋŸ¶ǋŎǣÌŸɠǣÌŸɠŎŘɴOĶŸǋÞsǣOŘǣǼÞĶĶEssǼsŘǼÌǼ_ɴOŸŘǣÞ_sǋÞŘ¶ǼÌsȖǣsǋ˅ǣŘss_ǣʳǻÌs
program can also advice the user about the aliments that should be eaten to assure the daily allowance of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Thanks to the use of this program, people on our space settlement have the necessary food input and would not make any food abuses. For AŘŘĨw Space Settlement, inside the generic term of agriculture can be found the following branches, overlapping each other (Tab. 2.3.1.1.). Crt. No. BRANCH Name I. ZOOTECHNICS II. III. IV. BEEKEEPING FISH BREEDING WORMS GROWTH V. PLANT CULTIVATION SPECIES 1.Mamals 2.Birds 1.Insects 1. Fish 1.Worms 1. Cereals 2.3.1.1. ANIMAL BREEDING 1.Cattles (Bosprimigenius Taurus) 1.Hens (Gallus GallusDomesticus) 1.Bees (Apismellifera) 1. African catfish (Claris Gariepinus) 1.Dew worm(Eiseniafoetida, California red hybrid) 2.3.1.2. PLANT CULTIVATION 2.Barley ( Hordeumvulgare) 3. Oat (Avena sativa) 4. Corn (Zea mays) 5. Rice (Oryza sativa ) 2. Leguminous plants 3. Technical plants 4. Melliferous plants 63 Ananké Space Settlement
6. Dactylis (Dactylisglomerata) 1. Soya (Glycine max) 2. Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) 3. Green peas (Pisumsativum) 4. Lucerne ( Medicago sativa) 1. Sun flower (Helianthus annuus) 1. Facelia(Phaceliatanacetifolia) PRODUCTION Milk, meat, secondary products Eggs, meat, secondary products Honey, wax, propolis etc. Meat, secondary products Humus, animal protein Fodders, vegetablewaste People nurishment, fodders, vegetable waste People nurishment, fodders, industrial products, vegetable waste People nurishment, fodders, vegetable waste Fodders People nurishment, salad oil, groats, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste Fodders Salad oil, fodders, vegetable waste Melliferous products, fodders, vegetable waste VI. HORTICULTURE 1. Vegetables 2. Fruit trees and shrubs 3. Aromatic herbs VI. FORESTRY 1. Trees 1. Carrot (Daucuscarota) 2. Beet (Beta vulgaris) 3. Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) 4. Early radish (Raphanussativus) 5.Green pepper ( Capsicum annuum) 6.Tomatos (Solanumlycopersicum) 7. Onion (Allium cepa) 8.Garlic ( Allium sativum) 9. Spinach (Spinaciaoleracea) 10. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) 11. Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea) 12. Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea) 13. Cucumbers (Cucumissativus) 14. Melon (Cucumismelo) 15. Water melon (Citrulluslanatus) 16. Green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) 17. Green peas (Pisumsativum) 18. Potatoes (Solanumtuberosum) 19. Mushrooms (Agaricus fam.), (Pleurotus fam.) 1. Apple tree (Malusdomestica) 2. Pear tree (Pyruscomunis) 3. Peach tree (Prunuspersica) 4. Lemon tree (Citrus limon) 5. Orange tree (Citrus sinensis) 6. Strawberries (Fragariagrandiflora) 1. Basil (Ocimumbasilicum) 2. Dill (Anethumgraveolens) 3. Parsley (Petroselinumcrispum) 4. Garden sage (Salvia divinorum) 5. Savori(Saturejahortensis) 6. Coriander (Coriandrumsativum) 7. Peppermint (MenthaPiperita) 1. Oak 2. Alder 3. Maple 4. Pine 5. Red Cedar 6. Exotic Woods Tab. 2.3.1.1. 64 Ananké Space Settlement
People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste People nurishment, vegetable waste Furniture industry 2.3.1.0.1. AVERAGE DAILY FOOD ALLOWANCES-ENERGY FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTS Considering the information about the content of food and the nutritional needs for a diversified diet we propose the next average daily food alĶŸɠŘOs¯ŸǋǼÌs¯ŸĶĶŸɠÞŘ¶ŘŘĨw inhabitant categories (Table 2.3.1.0.1). Age Groups 0-6 months Sex Population Total energy/day (theoretical) Animal origin energy Vegetal origin energy - 2,000 7 months- 2 years - 6,000 kcal/day - 1,200 1,330 1,800 2,400 kcal/day - 426 445 619 kcal/day - Meat g/day/pe
rs. - 30 Energy from meat - 1,5 kcal/g 45 3-5 years 6-12 years 12 -18 years - - 12,000 28,000 12,000 13,000 19-60 years + 60 years 102,000 105,000 - 40,000 2,000 2,400 1,800 1,400 807 680 766 607 471 30 60 100 60 100 60 30 45 90 150 90 150 90 45 MEAT TOTAL 22,350 kg/day Eggs pcs./day/
pers. - 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.57 0.40 0.57 0.40 0.15 Energy from eggs - 1,7 0.3 0.3 0.51 0.97 0.68 0.97 0.68 0.3 EGGS TOTAL 129,280 pcs./day Fish g/day/pe
rs. - 20 25 40 100 70 100 60 30 Energy from fish - 1,1 22 28 44 110 77 101 66 33 FISH TOTAL 18,490 kg/day Milk 4% g/day/pe
rs. - 400 400 400 300 400 250 250 375 Energy from milk 0,65 kcal/g 260 260 260 195 260 163 163 244 Cheese 20% g/day/pe
rs. - 15 15 30 50 40 50 40 40 Energy from cheese - 2,7 kcal/g 41 54 81 135 108 135 108 108 65 Ananké Space Settlement
Milk cheese g/day/pe
1:5g rs. g/day/pe
Cheese 20% rs. g/day/pe
Butter 60% rs. Energy from butter - kcal/g 7,21 Milk for g/day/pe
butter 1:15g rs. g/day/pe
Milk rs. Milk kg/day - 100 100 150 250 200 250 200 200 - 15 15 30 50 40 50 40 40 - 8 8 20 30 20 30 25 15 58 58 144 216 144 216 180 41 - 150 150 375 450 375 450 375 225 - 650 750 1,025 1.100 1.075 950 825 825 - 5,400 13,975 96,900 86,625 33,000 13,20
0 MILK TOTAL 286,800 kg/day Table 2.3.1.0.1. 9,000 28,700 2.3.1.0.2 AVERAGE DAILY FOOD ALLOWANCES ˛ ANIMAL PRODUCTS QUANTITES Considering all the data on food content and nutrient needs for a diversified diet we propose the following average daily food allowances by age and sex (Table 2.3.1.0.2.). Age Groups UM Sex Num
ber Kcal/
day Population Total energy/day Energy of animal origin Energy of vegetal origin 2/3 Meat Meat Eggs 3 - 5 years 6 - 12 years - - 12 - 18 years 19 - 60 years + 60 years - 2,000 6,000 12,000 28,000 12,000 13,000 102,000 105,000 40,000 - 1,200 1,330 1,800 2,400 2,000 2,400 1,800 1,400 Kcal/
day - 426 445 619 807 680 766 607 471 Kcal/
day - 30 30 60 100 60 100 60 30 - 180 360 1,680 1.200 780 10,200 6,300 1,200 0.40 0.57 0.40 0.15 g/da
y/pe
rs. kg/d
ay pcs/
66 7 0-6 months months - 2 years - - - 0.15 MEAT TOTAL 21,900 kg/day 0.15 0.30 0.57 Ananké Space Settlement
Eggs day/
pers. Pcs./
day - 900 1,800 8,400 6,840 5,200 58,140 42,000 6,000 EGGS TOTAL 129,280 pcs/day Fish Fish g/da
y/pe
rs. kg/d
ay - 20 25 40 100 70 100 60 30 - 120 300 1,120 1,200 910 1,020 6,300 120 FISH TOTAL 11,090 kg/day g/da
Milk 4% y/pe
rs. g/da
Cheese 20% y/ pers. g/da
Milk cheese y/ 1:5g pers. g/da
Butter 60% y/ pers. g/da
Milk for y/ butter 1:15g pers. g/da
Milk y/ pers. kg/d
Milk ay - 400 400 400 300 400 250 250 375 - 15 15 30 50 40 50 40 40 - 75 75 150 250 200 250 200 200 - 8 8 20 30 20 30 25 15 - 120 120 300 450 300 450 375 225 - 595 595 850 1.000 900 950 825 800 - 357 7,140 23,800 12,000 11,700 96,900 86,625 32,000 MILK TOTAL 270,522 kg/day Table 2.3.1.0.2 2.3.1.0.3. AVERAGE DAILY FOOD ALLOWANCES ˛ ENERGY FROM VEGETAL PRODUCTS AND HONEY Age Groups UM Sex Num
ber Kcal/
day Population Total energy/day 67 7 0-6 months-
months 2 years - - 3-5 years 6-12 years - - 12 -18 years 19-60 years + 60 years - 2,000 6,000 12,000 28,000 12,000 13,000 102,000 105,000 40,000 - 1,200 1,330 1,800 2,400 2,000 2,400 1,800 1,400 Ananké Space Settlement
(theoretical) Energy of animal origin Energy of vegetal origin Vegetables(w
ithout patatoes, mushrooms, green vegetables) Energy from vegetables - 0,30 Kcal/
day - 426 445 619 807 680 766 607 471 Kcal/
day - 776 946 1,e203 1,642 1,336 1,668 1,195 977 g/da
y/per
s. 200 200 210 250 250 300 340 200 Kcal/
g 60 60 63 75 75 90 102 60 Potatoes g/da
y/per
s. 100 100 150 45 45 50 45 45 Energy from potatoes - 0,88 Kcal/
g 88 88 141 40 40 44 40 40 Mushrooms g/da
y/per
s. Ʃ Ʃ 25 50 40 50 40 20 Ʃ Ʃ 9 18 14 18 14 7 20 20 30 40 40 40 40 30 13 13 20 26 26 26 26 20 Ʃ 20 25 30 30 40 30 20 Ʃ 60 75 90 90 120 60 60 80 100 120 200 115 200 100 100 240 300 360 600 345 600 300 300 Energy from Kcal/
mushrooms - g 0,35 g/da
Green y/per
vegetables s. Energy from green Kcal/
vegetables - g 0,65 g/da
Dry y/per
vegetables s. Energy from dry Kcal/
vegetables - g 3,0 g/da
Cereals y/per
s. Energy from Kcal/
cereals - 3,0 Corn Energy from corn - 0,97 Husked rice Energy from husked rice 3,5 g g/da
y/per
s. Kcal/
g g/da
y/per
s. Kcal/
g g/da
y/per
fruits - 0,5 g g/da
Vegetable oil y/per
vegetable oil g - 9,3 g/da
Honey y/per
honey - 4,1 g Fruits and g/da
vegetables y/per
juice s. Energy from fruits and Kcal/
vegetables g juice - 0,5 g/da
Spices y/per
spices ˛ Ʃ g Fruits 15 20 20 30 30 40 40 40 15 19 19 29 29 39 39 39 10 10 15 45 45 50 30 30 35 35 53 158 158 175 105 105 200 200 250 400 400 300 300 200 100 100 125 200 200 150 150 100 10 10 15 25 20 25 20 10 93 93 140 233 186 233 186 93 20 25 30 30 30 30 30 25 82 103 123 123 123 123 123 103 100 150 150 100 100 100 100 100 50 75 75 50 50 50 50 50 5 5 5 10 10 10 10 10 Ʃ Ʃ Ʃ Ʃ Ʃ Ʃ Ʃ Ʃ Table 2.3.1.0.3. 69 Ananké Space Settlement
2.3.1.0.4. AVERAGE DAILY FOOD ALLOWANCES ˛ VEGETAL PRODUCTS and HONEY QUANTITIES Age Groups UM TOTAL Sex Population Num
ber Kcal/
day Total energy/day (theoretical) Energy of animal origin Energy of vegetal origin Vegetables (without patatoes, mushrooms, green vegetables) Root vegetables Carrot Carrot Beet Beet Parsnip Parsnip Early radishes Early radishes 3-5 years 6-12 years - - 7 months -
2 years - 6,000 - 12,000 - 28,000 12,000 13,000 102,000 105,000 - 40,000 - 1,200 1,330 1,800 2,400 2,000 2,400 1,800 1,400 Kcal/
day Kcal/
day g/da
y/per
s. - 426 445 619 807 680 766 607 471 - 776 946 1,203 1,642 1,336 1,668 1,195 977 200 200 210 250 250 300 340 200 g/da
y/per
s. g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
xx 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 xx 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6,360 120 240 560 240 260 2,040 2,100 800 xx 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6,360 120 240 560 240 260 2,040 2,100 800 xx 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1,590 30 60 140 60 65 510 525 200 xx 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1,590 30 60 140 60 65 510 525 200 70 Ananké Space Settlement
12 -18 years 19-60 years + 60 years Root vegetables Solanaceae Green pepper Green pepper Tomatoes Tomatoes Solanaceae Bulbuous Onion Onion Garlic Garlic Bulbuous Green vegetables Spinach Spinach Lettuce Lettuce ay Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s g/da
y/per
s. g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
71 15,900 300 600 1,400 600 650 5,100 5,250 2,000 xx 35 35 35 50 50 60 35 xx 15 15 15 20 20 25 30 15 7,490 90 180 420 240 260 2,550 3,150 600 xx 20 20 20 30 30 35 40 20 10,240 120 240 560 360 390 3,570 4,200 800 17,730 210 320 980 700 650 6,120 7,350 1,400 xx 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 10 xx 5 5 5 10 10 10 10 5 2,750 30 60 140 120 130 1,020 1,050 200 xx 5 5 5 10 10 10 10 5 2,750 30 60 140 120 130 1,020 1,050 200 5,500 60 120 280 240 260 2,040 2,100 400 xx 40 40 45 45 45 65 75 40 xx 20 20 25 25 25 30 40 20 9,745 120 240 700 300 325 3,060 4,200 800 xx 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 10 4,315 60 120 380 120 130 1,530 1,575 400 Ananké Space Settlement
Green onion Green onion Green garlic Green garlic Green vegetables Cabbages Cabbage Cabbage Cauliflower Cauliflower Cabbages Curcubitaceae Cucumbers Cucumbers Melon Melon Water melon Water melon ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s Kg/d
ay Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay/pe
rs. g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
72 xx 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 5 2,625 30 60 140 60 65 1,020 1,050 200 xx 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 5 2,625 30 60 140 60 65 1,020 1,050 200 19,310 240 480 1,360 540 585 6,630 7,875 1,600 xx 30 30 35 35 35 40 50 30 xx 20 20 25 25 25 30 30 20 8,695 120 240 700 300 325 3,060 3,150 800 xx 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 10 3,189 60 120 280 120 139 1,020 1,050 400 11,884 180 360 980 420 464 4,080 4,200 1,200 xx 35 35 35 50 50 65 75 35 xx 15 15 15 20 20 25 30 15 7,490 90 180 420 240 260 2,550 3,150 600 xx 10 10 10 15 15 20 20 10 5,375 60 120 280 180 195 2,040 2,100 400 xx 10 10 10 15 15 20 25 10 5,900 60 120 280 180 195 2,040 2,625 400 Ananké Space Settlement
ay/pe
rs. Curcubitaceae Kg/d
ay Potatoes g/da
y/per
s. Potatoes Kg/d
ay Mushrooms g/da
y/per
s. Mushrooms Kg/d
ay Green g/da
vegetables y/per
s. Green Kg/d
vegetables ay Dry vegetables g/da
y/per
s. Dry vegetables Kg/d
ay Cereals g/da
y/per
s. Cereals Kg/d
ay Corn g/da
y/per
s. Corn Kg/d
ay Husked rice g/da
y/per
s. Husked rice Kg/d
ay Fruits g/da
y/per
s. Apples g/da
y/per
s. Apples Kg/d
73 18,765 210 420 980 600 650 6,630 7,875 1,400 xx 100 100 150 45 45 50 45 45 18,750 600 1,200 4,200 540 585 5,100 4,725 1,800 xx Ʃ Ʃ 25 50 40 50 40 20 11,920 Ʃ Ʃ 700 600 520 5,100 4,200 800 xx 20 20 30 40 40 40 40 30 11,680 120 240 840 480 520 4,080 4,200 1,200 xx Ʃ 20 25 30 30 40 30 20 9,720 Ʃ 240 700 360 390 4,080 3,150 800 xx 80 100 120 200 115 200 100 100 43,835 480 1,200 3,360 2,400 1,495 20,400 10,500 4,000 xx 15 20 20 30 30 40 40 40 11,520 90 240 560 360 390 4,080 4,200 1,600 xx 10 10 15 45 45 50 30 30 11,175 60 120 420 540 585 5,100 3,150 1,200 xx 200 200 250 400 400 300 300 200 xx 50 50 60 100 100 80 80 50 23,640 300 600 1,680 1,200 1,300 8,160 8,400 2,000 Ananké Space Settlement
Pears Pears Peaches Peaches Citrus Citrus Strawberries Strawberries Fruits Vegetable oil Vegetable oil Fruit juice (citrus) Fruit juice (citrus) Honey Honey Spices Spices ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay/pe
rs. g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay/pe
rs. g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay g/da
y/per
s. Kg/d
ay xx 40 40 50 50 50 40 40 40 13,250 240 480 1,400 600 650 4,080 4,200 1,600 xx 40 40 50 50 50 40 40 40 13,250 240 480 1,400 600 650 4,080 4,200 1,600 xx 50 50 60 150 150 100 100 50 29,030 300 600 1,680 1,800 1,950 10,200 10,500 2,000 xx 20 20 30 50 50 40 40 20 12,730 120 240 840 1,800 650 4,080 4,200 800 91,900 1,200 2,400 7,000 6,000 5,200 30,600 31,500 8,000 xx 10 10 15 25 20 25 20 10 6,210 60 120 420 300 260 2,550 2,100 400 xx 100 150 150 100 100 100 100 100 33,800 600 1,800 4,200 1,200 1,300 10,200 10,500 4,000 xx 20 25 30 30 30 30 30 25 8.800 120 300 420 360 390 3.060 3,150 1,000 xx 5 5 5 10 10 10 10 10 2.950 30 60 140 120 130 1.020 1,050 400 Table 2.3.1.0.4. 74 Ananké Space Settlement
2.3.1.1. ANIMAL BREEDING 2.3.1.1.1. CATTLE BREEDING Cattles are breeded on ŗŗħvǢƼOsǢsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼ¯Ÿǋʲ - milk and meat production, which are used for animals feeding - animal waste which are used for fish feeding - dejections which are used for dew worms feeding. ®Ÿǋ OǼǼĶsǣ Eǋss_ÞŘ¶ ĶÞŎÞǼs_ ŘȖŎEsǋ Ÿ¯ Eǋss_ OŸɠǣ Þǣ ǼǋŘǣƼŸǋǼs_ ŸŘ ŗŗħv Ǣpace Settlement, based on a rigorous genetic control, free of illnesses, and its insemination is done only with criogenated embryos from Earth. MILK COWS For milk production it will be used HOLSTEIN breed with the following particularities: - Weight: 700 kg - Annual milk production ˛ 12,000 kg - Average fat in milk: 4% - Proteins in milk: 3.4% Required milk quantity: - 270,522 kg/day - 270,522Kg/day x 365 days/year = 198,740,530 kg/year Number of milking cows: 98,740,530 kg/year: 12,000 kg/year/cow = 8,228 cows 8,400 cows Milking numbers : 4 Annual renewal rate of effective force: 8,400 : 4 = 2,100 cows/year To obtain replacement cows, half of them are artificially inseminated with sperm from dairy bulls (H ) half with beef semen from bulls (BLANC BLEU BELGE-BBB ), brought from Earth. Obtained products are used as follows: H - are breeded for milk production H , H+BBB and H+BBB are breeded for meet for about 18 months. Age stages for milk cows and their products: Tab. 2.3.1.1.1.1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. veals I. veals II. youth I. youth II. gestant milk cows finishing slaughter heifers replaceme
nt cows 0-3 3-6 7-12 months 13-18 months 19 - 28 29-76 77-78 - months months months months months 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400 (6,300 to be 2,100 8,400 2,100 2,100 slaughtered) BREEDING SYSTEM Individual stables Stables on sexes and Stables on sexes Stables Stables Stables - 8,400 m2 age groups 12.,600 and age groups 8,400 m2 33,600 6,300 m2 m2 22,200 m2 m2 2
TOTAL AREA FOR MILK COWS = 91,500 m 75 Ananké Space Settlement
Feeding: -‐ veals I: milk from beef cows and 55-60 kg/period of concentrates with a high protein content. The concentrate will be administrated at discretion and it will be completed with very good qualities hayes. -‐ veals II: 150 kg /period of concentrates and hayes at discretion. -‐ youth I, II : 2 ˛2.5 kg/day of concentrate, 2 kg/day of hay and juicy -‐ youth II to be slaughtered: in months 17 and 18: concentrates and hay -‐ gestant heifers and milk cows: 5 kg/day of concentrate, hay and juicy -‐ replacement cows: 4 kg/day of concentrate and hay. Water consumption: 20- 60 l/day of water. Milking will be done automatically through pipe installation. BEEF COWS Considering the daily average beef consumption which is of 22,350 kg/day it results: Beef annual consumption: 21,900 kg/day x 365 days = 7,993,500 kg/year For a diversified feeding on space settlement it will be produced beef and chicken meat, 50% from each. Beef ˛ 3,996,750 kg Chicken ˛ 3,996,750 kg After slaughtering of milk cows and its crossbreds, it is obtained the following meet quantity: Tab. 2.3.1.1.1.2.
Category Number Average Total Output MEAT Animal weight (kg) weight % (kg) WASTE (kg) (kg) Youth II. H 2,100 500 1,050,000 55 % 577,500 472,500 Youth II.BBB+ H 2,100 600 1,260,000 70% 882,000 378,000 Youth II. BBB+H 2,100 500 1,050,000 65% 682,500 367,500 Replacement 2,100 700 1,470,000 40% 588,000 882,000 cows H TOTAL 8,400 xxx 4,830,000 xxx 2.730,000 2.100,000 Meat quantity to be produced by beef cows is: 3,996,750 kg ˛ 2,730,000 kg = 1,266,750 kg. Will be used BBB beef breed with the following morphoproductive characteristics: Ɣ hyper-developed muscles Ɣ precocity for a rough format Ability to produce "young meat" Ɣdocile temperament Ɣeasy calving Ɣ less consumption and effective transformation Ɣ45 kg weight at calving Ɣspecific consumption (7-13months) 5.5 UNC Ɣweight at slaughter (18 months) 650 kg Ɣ77%output at slaughter A cow produces 4 calves in 4 years from which 3 form eat and one for replacement, so the result: 76 Ananké Space Settlement
(3 veals x 650 kg/veal x 0.77 + 1 x 700 x 0.70) : 4 498 kg Meat cows number is: 1,266.750 kg : 498 kg/cow = 2,544 cows 2,600 cows Age stages for meat cows and its products: 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. veals I. veals II. 0-3 3-6 months mont
hs 2,600 2,600 Individual stables 5,200 m2 youth I. youth II. gestant heifers milk cows 7-12 months 13-18 months 19 - 28 months 29-76 months 2,600 2,600 650 2,600 (1,950 to be slaughtered) BREEDING SYSTEMS Stables on sexes Stables on sexes Stables Stables 2
and age groups and age groups 2,600 m 10,400 m2 2
2
5,200 m 1,400 m TOTAL AREA FOE MEAT COWS = 36,400 m2 After beef slaughtering for meat will be obtained the following products: Category Number Average Total Output weight (kg) weight % (kg) Youth II. BBB Replacement cows B TOTAL 8. finishing replaceme
nt cows 77-78 months slaughter 650 650 Stables 2,600 m2 - - MEAT (kg) Animal WASTE (kg) 1,950 650 650 700 1,267,500 455,000 77% 70% 975,975 318,500 291,525 136,500 2,600 xxx 1,722,500 xxx 1,294,475 428,025 Environment conditions for cows breeding O
Average temperature: - 19 C Veals 0-3 months - 19OC Veals 3-6 months - 13OC Youth 7-18 months - 14OC Adults Humidity: - 70% Light - 16 hours/day with 215 lx in the feeding area and 110 lx in resting area Air current speed: max 0.3 m/s Powders in suspension: max. 20 g/m3 of air CO2 content: max. 0.35 % NH3 content: max. 0.003 % H2 S content: max. 0.001 % Total area of cattles breeding hall is of 127,900 m2 . 77 7. Ananké Space Settlement
2.3.1.1.2. POULTRY BREEDING Poultry are breeded ŸŘŘŘĨw Space Settlement for: -‐ eggs and meat production, which are used in animals feeding -‐ animal waste to be used in fish feeding -‐ dejections which are used for dew worms feeding. For poultry breeding will be initially transported on ŘŘĨw Space Settlement fertilized eggs, strictly genetically controlled, free of diseases, which will be incubated, following that obtained products to be multiplied on space settlement. LAYING HENS Annual eggs necessary is of 129,280 pcs/day x 365 days = 47,187,200 eggs/year For eggs production are used specialized hybrids with high production potential (340 eggs/cycle of 14 months, 291 eggs/year respectively), so in one year must be exploited: 47,187,200 eggs/year: 291 eggs/year/hen = 162,155 hens 163,000 hens For a mortality of 5% it results a hen number of 163,000 x 1.05 170,000 r¶¶ÞŘOȖEǼÞŸŘOŸŘ_ÞǼÞŸŘǣʲǼsŎƼsǋǼȖǋs¯ǋŸŎˢ˦ʳˤǼŸˢ˦ʳ˧̮NʰÌȖŎÞ_ÞǼɴ˦˟̇ÞŘǼÌs¯ÞǋǣǼˠ˨_ɴǣŘ_
100% on days 20 and 21. Hybrids production takes two parental lines A and B. (Tab 2.3.1.1.2.1.) Grandmothers and mothers have a production of 220 eggs / year, incubation output is of 85% and total mortality is 5%. Tab 2.3.1.1.2.1 I. Hens (A+B) - 170.000 II. Chicks (A+B) 170.000. III. A pt. hybrid - (A+B) 170.000 not for growth B for hybridization 170,000 x 2 : 220 eggs/year: 0.95: 0.85 = 1914 2000 A IV. A 2,000 x 2 : 220:0.95: 0.98 A 5 ( 1 to 10 hens) 200 B B 5 B 5 20 TOTAL POULTRY 342,235 poultry Stages for egg production: 1. Egg for incubation; 2. Incubation - 3 weeks; 3. Replacement chicks - 18 weeks; 4.Laying hens - 60 weeks; 5. Removal from production. Hens for eggs and replacement chicks are breeded intensively in batteries with 4 floors; average density of 10 poultry/m2 , batteries cover 2/3 of the hall surface hall: 340,000 poultry: 10 poultry/m2 : 4 levels: 2 x 3 = 12,750 m2 Parents and grandparents are breeded at the lowest level, in families, with a density of 6 poultry/m2, Resulting (2,000 + 20 + 5 + 200 + 5 + 5) hens: 6 hens/ m2: 2 x 3 78 Ananké Space Settlement
600 m2 Area for eggs poultry breeding is: 12,750m2 + 600 m2 = 13,350 m2 Feeding is done through tubing directly to the cage to avoid dust backgrounds and watering is done with the dropper. Dejections evacuation is mechanized. Eggs are collected directly in biodegradable frames. MEAT POULTRY Chicken meat demand ˛ 3,996,750 kg / year. The weight of a chicken at slaughter (42 days): 2.2 kg / chicken At a mortality of 5% and a slaughter output of 60%, the annual chicken breeding number is: 3,996,750 kg / year: 2.2 kg / chicken: 0.60: 0.95 = 3,187,201 chickens / year 3.2 million chickens / year Number of series: 365 days / year: 42 days / series = 8 series / year 3,200,000 chickens / year: 8 series/ year = 400,000 chicken / series For meat production using specialized hybrids with high production potential obtained by crossing chickens of mixed breeds with heavy breed roosters Tab. 2.3.1.1.2.2: Example of hybridization: Tab. 2.3.1.1.2.2. Breed PLYMOUTH ROCK (PR) CORNISH (C) Breed type Mixt Heavy Eggs number per year 160 100 With an incubation output of 80% and a mortality of 5%, in order to obtain meat chicken, it is used the following scheme: 3,200,000 hens/year : 160 eggs/year/hen : 0.80 : 0.95 = 26,315 PR /an 26,400 PR /an Necessary C roosters (8 roosters to a hen) 26,400 PR : 8 = 3,300 C To obtain hens PR, having in view that following incubation half are females and half are male, the necessary number of PR hens is: (26,400 PR +26,400 PR ) : 160 : 0.8 : 0.95 = 434 PR
roosters number is: 450 PR , and the necessary PR 450 PR /year : 8 = 56 PR
60 PR For obtaining C roosters the necessary C hens number is: (3,300 C + 3,300 C ) : 100 : 0.8 : 0.95 = 87 C
90 C : 8 12 C Total poultry number is: Meat chicken (PR + C) ˛ 3,200,000 PR roosters ˛ 26,400 C Chicks ˛ 3,300 TOTAL poultry for meat ˛ 3,229,700 Replacement PR chicks ˛ 26,400 C replacement roosters ˛ 3,300 TOTAL breed poultry ˛ 29,700 79 Ananké Space Settlement
90 C , and the necessary C roosters number is: Hens for PR hybridization ˛ 26,400 Roosters for C hybridization ˛ 3,300 Hens for PR pure breed - 450 Roosters for PR pure breed - 60 Hens for pure breed C - 90 Roosters for obtaining pure C breed - 12 TOTAL adult poultry ˛ 30,312 TOTAL MEAT POULTRY = 3,289,712 Incubation conditions are the same as for chickens to get eggs. Environmental factors for breeding of broilers: - Temperature: 30-32OC in the first week decreasing by 2 OC each week - Light: 24 hours/day at a power of 5 W/m2 - CO2 concentration: max 0.5 % - H2S concentration : max 0.01% - NH3 concentration: max 0.02% Meat chickens are breeded in batteries with four levels with an average density of 20 chickens/m2 ; batteries bateriile covers 2/3 from halls surface and it results a halls area of: 3,330,000 chicken /seriees : 8 series/year : 4 levels/battery : 20 chicken/m2 : 2 x3 = 7,800 m2 Breeding poultry, parents and grand persnts are breeded at the lowest level, in families, with a density of 6 chickens/m2 and the result is: 30,400 chickens : 6 chickens /m2 : 2 x 3 = 7,600 m2 Area for meat chicken breeding is of 7,800 m2 + 7,600 m2 = 15,400 m2 Area for hens breeding is of 13,350 m2 + 15,400 m2 = 28,750 m2 Chicken meat production animal waste is shown in Tab. 2.3.1.1.2.3. Category Number Average weight (kg) POULTRY for eggs production MEAT CHICKEN POULTRY for meat chicken production TOTAL 342,235 Tab. 2.3.1.1.2.3. MEAT Animal (kg) WASTE (kg) - 684,470 Output % 2 Total weight (kg) 684,470 3,040,000 30,312 2,2 3,5 6,688,000 106,092 60% 50% 4,012,800 53,046 2,675,200 53,046 3,412,547 xxx 7,478,562 xxx 4,065,846 3,412,716 0% 2.3.1.1.3. FISH BREEDING According to Tab.2.3.1.0.2.to feed people at an output of 50%, the fish necessary is: 11,090 kg/day x 365 days/year : 0.5 = 8,095,700 kg fish/year Fish species which can be intensively breeded is the African catfish (Clariasgariepinus), which is extremely resistant to environmental conditions, as long as he is offered a water temperature between 25- 35OC and a density of 350 kg/m3 . 80 Ananké Space Settlement
This fish has an auxiliary breathing organ (like the lungs), practically he does not need oxygen dissolved in water, the fish breathing air. Also, water content in organic matter and nitrogen, resulting from fish metabolism is not a factor for concern. Feeding is done exclusively with granulated food, of animal origin (slaughterhouse waste) 90%, 5% soybean cake, sunflower cake 5%, this species having a great anabolism, food conversion ratio being an average of 0.8. Growth rate is 1 kg / 6 months and one year to reach a mass of 2 kilograms (optimal size of consumption). Sexual maturity is also early, when fish is more than one year old. Feed requirements are: 8,095,700 kg fish/year x 0.8 kg food/kg of fish = 6,476,560 kg food/year = 6,477 t food/year from which: - animal waste: 6,477 t/year x 80% = 5,182 t/year - soybean cake: 6,477 t/year x 20% = 1,296 t/year The volume of water needed: 8,095 m3. 2.3.1.1.4. SYNOPTIC ANNUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION t/year FOOD TOTAL CATTLES POULTRY FISH 1. FIBROUS FOOD, from which HAY LUCERNE FLOUR 2.ROUGH, from which OAT STRAW BARLEY STRAW WHEAT STRAW CORN COBS LEGUMINOUS STALK 3. JUICY, from which GREEN FODDER SILO CULINARY WASTE 4.CONCENTRATES, from which CORN OAT BARLEY WHEAT BRAN SUNFLOWER CAKE SOYBEAN CAKE ANIMAL FLOUR 5. ENERGETICS, from which FODDER YEAST HONEY 6. MINERAL SUBSTANCES, from which CALCIUM 52,403 52,079 324 62,274 8,482 13,875 - 34,578 5,339 304,305 203,009 100,000 1,296 76,442 34,012 241 9,250 20,871 2,679 3,547 5,842 60 30 30 2,203 1,559 52,403 52,079 324 62,274 8,482 13,875 - 34,578 5,339 303,009 203,009 100,000 - 58,095 24,819 51 9,250 20,871 1,739 1,360 5 60 30 30 1,218 603 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13,165 9,193 190 - - 940 2,187 655 - - - 985 956 - - - - - - - - - 1,296 - - 1,296 5,182 - - - - - - 5,182 - - - - 81 Ananké Space Settlement
MINERAL SUPPLEMENT SALT 7. PREPARED FODDERS ZOOFORT T1 ZOOFORT T2 ZOOFORT T3 ZOOFORT FOR POULTRY 17 627 746 10 17 576 143 17 598 603 10 17 576 - - 29 - - - 143 - - - - - - 2.3.1.1.5. DEW WORMS BREEDING For organic waste neutralization resulted from humans, animals and plants, dew worms (California red hybrid) are used. Organic waste are mixed in different proportions to obtain food for dew worms. Approximately 4,000 frames process, daily, 1 kg of compost, and after processing it results 0.6 kg of humus. Humus is processed and it is obtained an indoor and tasteless liquid that contains bioactive humic acids, natural plant hormones, vitamins, micro and macro elements, organic substances and active microflora. This liquid is added to water for hydroponic cultures, according to the crop. 2.3.1.1.6. SPIDERS BREEDING Spiders work with up to seven types of silk fiber which have different mechanical properties. Genetic engineering helps finding the right mixture proportions for creating both strong and elastic ǣɴŘǼÌsǼÞO ŎǼsǋÞĶǣʳ ǻÌsǣs ƼǋŸǼsÞŘǣ ¯ŸȖŘ_ ÞŘ ǼÌs ǣƼÞ_sǋǣ˅ ¶ĶŘ_ǣ ǋs OŸŎƼŸŘsŘǼs of the materials used in robotic industry. Later on, research would improve the use of silk in other fields such as Ŏs_ÞOÞŘsʹÞǼÞǣǼsǣǼs_ǣOȖǋs¯ŸǋĶʊÌsÞŎsǋ˅ǣ_ÞǣsǣsʰǼǋsǼŎsŘǼ¯ŸǋOǋ_ÞOǋǋÌɴǼÌŎÞŸǋǣǼǋŸĨsǣʺ
and it can also study the influencsǣ Ÿ¯ ĶŸɠ ¶ǋɚÞǼɴ ŸŘ ǣƼÞ_sǋǣʳ ōŸǋsŸɚsǋʰ ǼÌs ǣƼÞ_sǋ˅ǣ ɚsŘŸŎ Þǣ
probably a less environmentally unfriendly choice of pesticides because it is mortal for insects but harmless for the majority of vertebrates. Two important species we research are Araneusdiadematus and Nephilaclavipes. 82 Ananké Space Settlement
2.3.1.2. PLANT CULTIVATION Plants will be grown in the small torus on areas determined by its intersection with the concentric cylinders having the same axis with the central cylinder, which have a distance of 50 m between them. The areas cultivated with each plant depend on: -‐ Energy and nutrients requirements for people living permanently or temporary on ŘŘĨw Space Settlement -‐ rŘsǋ¶ɴŘ_ŘȖǼǋÞsŘǼǣǋsǇȖÞǋsŎsŘǼǣ¯ŸǋŘÞŎĶǣĶÞɚÞŘ¶ŸŘŗŗħvǢƼOsǢsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼ -‐ Cultivated plant : -‐ Species -‐ Production purpose: -‐ People nourishment: cereals, leguminous, vegetables, fruits -‐ Fodders: hay, fan, roughly, juicy, concentrated -‐ Honey production -‐ Landscape -‐ Stuff for clothes and furniture -‐ Environmental conditions: -‐ Humidity [%], -‐ Temperature [oC] -‐ Light [lx] -‐ Day time [hours] -‐ Necessary nutrients (N2; P2O5; K2O; CaO; MgO etc.) -‐ Composition of atmospheric air (O2; CO2 ) -‐ Propagation mode: seeds, seedlings, bulbs, cloves, tubers, meristems etc. -‐ Biological cycle [days] -‐ Density [plants/m2]. On each floor of the small torus are builded storied halls in which will be created specific conditions for each crop type. All plants are grown in red light. Plants are grown in hydroponic culture, on plates made of cellulose, of lenghtLp mand width lp m, whose shape, in section, depends on plants type and their propagation mode as follows: - root vegetables, bulbous, tuberculed vegetables (carrot, beet, parsnip, early radish, onion, garlic, potatoes) - vegetables with short or creeper stem (lettuce, spinach, cabbage, coliflower, melon, watermelon) - vegetables with short voluble stem (beans, peas), cereals (wheat, barley, oat, corn), fooders (lucerne, gramineae and mixtures) - vegetables with high stem which need supporting system (green peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers) - fooders for green mass (lucerne, gramineae and mixtures) - Agaricus mushrooms and Pleurotus mushrooms 83 Ananké Space Settlement
plants: 2.3.1.2.1. VEGETABLES GROWN Starting frŸŎ¯ŸŸ_ǋsǇȖÞǋsŎsŘǼǣʰŸŘŗŗħvSpace Settlement are cultivated the following Table 2.3.1.2.1 Crt. No. CULTURE Quant. Quant. Cult Produ
ure ction cycle cycles xx UM kg/day kg/year days 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 2. xx 6,300 6,300 1,590 1,590 7,490 10,240 2,750 2,750 9,745 4,315 2,625 2,625 8,695 3,189 7,490 5,375 3. 2 x 365 2,300,000 2,300,000 580,000 580,000 2,734,000 3,738,000 1,004,000 1,004,000 3,557,000 1,575,000 958,000 958,000 3,174,000 1,164,000 2,734,000 1,962,000 4. xx 80 120 210 40 150 180 135 135 67 60 30 30 60 80 90 120 5,900 2,154,000 120 3 30 18. 1. Xx CARROT BEET PARSNIP EARLY RADISH GREEN PEPPER TOMATOES ONION GARLIC SPINACH LETTUCE GREEN ONION GREEN GARLIC CABBAGE COLIFLOWER CUCUMBERS MELON WATER MELON GREEN BEANS no./ye
ar 5. 365 : 4 4 3 2 9 2.4 2 2.7 2.7 5 6 12 12 6 4.5 4 3 5,840 2,131,600 120 3 1 19. GREEN PEAS 5,840 2,131,600 90 4 0.5 20. xx POTATOES TOTAL 18,750 xx 6,843,750 43,782,950 60 xx 6 xx 4 xx 17. 86 Ananké Space Settlement
Prod
uctio
n kg/
m2 6. xx 8 25 31 10 10 10 12 8 20 12 66 55 12 9 40 8 7. m2/cycl
e 8. 3:6 287,500 92,000 18,700 58,000 273,400 373,800 83,700 125,500 67,900 131,300 14,500 17,400 264,500 129,300 68,400 120,300 71,800 Necessary area m2 Area per cycle Opti
mal temp
eratu
re O
Light Da
y tim
e ho
urs 13. xx 18 18 18 18 14 14 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 14 14 C lx 7:4 71,900 30,700 9,400 6,500 114,000 187,000 31,000 46,000 36,000 22,000 1,200 1,200 44,000 29,000 17,000 82,000 11. xx 20 20 20 20 30 30 20 20 17 20 20 20 20 20 32 32 12. xx 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 10,000 10,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 6,000 6,000 10,000 10,000 24,000 32 10,000 14 2,131,600 711,000 1,066,0
4,263,200 00 1,710,900 285,000 23 6,000 20 10,000 14 20 xx 10,000 14 xx xx 10,303,700 2,855,400 14 UM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. CARROT BEET PARSNIP EARLY RADISH GREEN PEPPER TOMATOES ONION GARLIC SPINACH LETTUCE 11. GREEN ONION 12. GREEN GARLIC 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. CABBAGE COLIFLOWER CUCUMBERS MELON WATER MELON GREEN BEANS GREEN PEAS POTATOES TOTAL 87 4. 12,000 31,000 11,000 5,000 114,000 187,000 31,000 46,000 36,000 22,000 5 no/ye
ar 5 3 1,7 12 2,4 2 2,7 2,7 5 6 1,200 m2/cycle Transplantered seedlings area 5:6 xx 3. plant
Xx s/m2 S 204 S 100 S 156 S 204 R 2 R 2 B 100 B 204 S 204 R 25 1,11
B 1 1,11
C 1 R 6 R 6 R 4 R 2 R 0.7 S 250 S 133 T 13 Density of transplantered seedlings 2. Necessaryseedlin
gs, bulbs, cloves 3 x 4 x 1,11* 1. Cycles 0. Necessary area CULTURE Density Crt. No. Propagation mode 2.3.1.2.2. AGROTECHNICAL CONDITIONS FOR VEGETABLES PRODUCTION Table 2.3.1.2.2. 5 6 plants/m
7 2 m2/cycle - - - - 250,800 374,000 3,100,000 10,322,400 - 605,000 - - - - 1882* 2703* - - - 2703* - - - - 1,334 1,385 - - - 2,241 12 1,466,600 - - 1,200 12 1,466,600 - - 44,000 29,000 17,000 82,000 24,000 711,000 1,066,000 285,000 6 4,5 4 3 3 3 4 6 290,400 191,400 74,800 180,400 16,800 - - - 2703* 1883* - - - - - - 1,076 1,018 - - - - - - 7,054 Ananké Space Settlement
pcs./cycle Crt. No. CULTURE Sowing density Seedlings area 5:8 :0,8 5* Seeds, bulbs.. required Seeds, bulbs.. required Price Value 0. xx 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1. UM CARROT BEET PARSNIP EARLY RADISH GREEN PEPPER TOMATOES ONION GARLIC SPINACH LETTUCE GREEN ONION GREEN GARLIC CABBAGE COLIFLOWER CUCUMBERS MELON WATER MELON GREEN BEANS GREEN PEAS POTATOES TOTAL 8 seeds/m2 - - - - 1,7284* 1,7284* - - - 1,7284* - - 1,7284* 1,7284* 1882* 1882* 1882* - - - 9 m2/cycle - - - - 181 271 - - - 438 - - 168 138 398 960 89 - - - 2,643 10 g/m2 0,3 1,4 0,7 2 18 18 2,0006* 2,0007* 3 3 33,0008* 22,0007* 5 5 10 10 30 20 18 6509* 11 kg/year 18 130 13 120 8 10 167,400 248,400 540 8 475,200 316,800 5 3 16 29 8 42,660 76,752 1,150,000 12 $/kg 300 300 300 300 600 800 3 3 5 200 3 3 100 100 500 133 133 6 6 1 $ 5,400 39,000 3,900 36,000 4,800 8,000 502,200 745,200 2,700 1,600 1,425,600 950,400 500 300 8,000 133 3,857 255,960 460,512 1,150,000 5,598,662 1* 2*
Nonviable seedlings 10% ǊsƼĶŘǼÞŘ¶Þǣ_ŸŘsÞŘrƻrˀˢˡĶɚsŸĶǋǼǋɴǣɠÞǼÌˢˡƼŸOĨsǼǣƩ̠˥ʳˡOŎʰÌ= 7.0 cm, L = 52, l = 32.0 cm, seedlings number/m2 188 3*
ǊsƼĶŘǼÞŘ¶Þǣ_ŸŘsÞŘrƻrˀˣˤĶɚsŸĶǋǼǋɴǣɠÞǼÌˣˤƼŸOĨsǼǣƩ̠ˤʳˢOŎʰÌ̠˥ʳˤOŎʰĵ̠ˤˡʰĶ̠
32.3 cm, seedlings number/m2 270 4 *
Sowing is made in EFV 288 alveolar trays with 288 alveoli 2x2 cm, length 53.5 cm, width 28 cm, height 3.5 cm 5 *
Seed germination is 80% 6 *
For planting are used chive bulbs weighting 20 g / pcs. 7 *
For planting are used garlic cloves weighting 10 g / pcs. 8 *
For planting are used chive bulbs weighting 30g/pcs. 9 *
For planting are used potato tubers weighting 50g/pcs. Tubers are obtained by vegetative propagation through meristems. 88 Ananké Space Settlement
2.3.1.2.3 MUSHROOMS CULTURE Table 2.3.1.2.3.1 Crt. No. Quant. Quant. 2 x 365 xx U.M. kg/day 0. 1. MUSHROOMS 1. 2. Culture cycle Production cycles Propagation mode kg/year days no./year xx 2. 11,920 3. 4,350,800 4. 5. 6. AGARICUS bisporus 5,960 2,175,400 90 4 Mycelium PLEUROTUS 5,960 2,175,400 90 4 Mycelium Production kg/t substrate
7. 0.04 kg/ kg substrate
0.25kg/ kg substrate Substrate quantity kg 8. 54,385,000 8,701,600 Crt. No. Substrate settlement method xx 0. U.M. 1. MUSHROOMS 1. AGARICUS bisporus 2. PLEUROTUS Levels number xx 9. Boxes 50x50x20cm Perforated bags ƩɮÌ̠ˣ˟ɮˠ˟˟
cm Substrate quantity 2
/m no. 10. Area per cycle 2 kg/m
11. kg
12. 4 400 45,320 2 130 33,468 Crt.n
o. SPECIES U.M. 1. AGARICUS bisporus 2. PLEUROTUS AGROTECHNICAL CONDITIONS FOR MUSHROOMS CULTIVATION Table 2.3.1.2.3.2. Mixture content at Incubation conditions Primordials aparition seeding Mixture content Humi
Humidi
Tem Humi
Temp pH Temp Time Time dity ty p dity O
O
% C % - C % days Corn cobs 70 62-
10-
62-
Wheat straw 25 20 62-65 6 65 12 65 Barley grain Wheat straw 95 75-
15-
14-
21-24 5-7 20-24 80-90 80 10-20 amendments 5 80 30 18 Crt.n
o. SPECIES U.M. 1. 2. 90 AGARICUS bisporus PLEUROTUS Time O
C Fructification conditions Humidity Time Air necessary 3
m air/hour/ % 3 m volume
Light time hours/day 14-16 62-65 40-45 15-20 85-90 28-42 10 8-10 Ananké Space Settlement
SUBSTRATE MATERIALS Table 2.3.1.2.3.3. SUBSTRATE MIXTURE RAW MATERIAL TYPE CORN COBS WHEAT STRAW BARLEY GRAIN AMENDMENTS AGARICUS bisporus ˛ 54,385 t % 70 25 5 - PLEUROTUS ˛ 8,702 t t 38,070 13,596 2,719 - % - 95 - 5 t - 8,267 - 435 TOTAL RAW MATERIALS T 38,070 21,863 2,719 435 2.3.1.2.4. CEREALS, LEGUMINOUS and SUN FLOWER GROWTH Crt. No. CROP Quantity 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 1. U.M. WHEAT (springtime) OAT BARLEY (springtime) CORN (hybrid) RICE TOTAL cereals BEANS SOY PEA TOTAL leguminous SUN FLOWER 2. kg/year 32,871,000 4,241,000 9,250,000 38,217,000 4,079,000 88,658,000 2,000,000 5,197,000 659,000 3,559,000 6,588,000 Average duration of cycle Production cycles 365:3 Production 3. days 120 120 120 120 120 xxx 120 120 90 xxx 120 4. no./year 3 3 3 3 3 xxx 3 3 3 xxx 3 5. kg/m2 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.6 xxx 0.5 0.4 1.0 xxx 0.5 Table 2.3.1.2.4.1 Cultivated area necessary for consumption 2:4:5 7. m2 21,914,000 2,827,000 6,167,000 12,739,000 2,266,000 45,913,000 1,333,000 4,331,000 220,000 5,884,000 4,392,000 Crt. No. CROP Required sowing seeds Required seeds for sowing 0. 1. 2. 3. 1. U.M. WHEAT (springtime) OAT BARLEY (springtime) 8. g/m2 30 16 20 9. t/year 1,972 135 369 91 Ananké Space Settlement
Required area for seeds production 10. m2 1,315,000 90,000 246,000 Total area 11. m2 23,229,000 2,917,000 6,413,000 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. CORN (hybrid) RICE TOTAL cereals BEANS SOY PEA TOTAL leguminous SUN FLOWER 2 30 xxx 10 10 20 0,4 74 204 xxx 40 130 13 183 33 - 113,000 1,764,000 26,666 108,333 4,333 139,322 - 12,739,000 2,379,000 47,677,000 1,359,666 4,439,333 224,333 6,023,665 4,392,000 2.3.1.2.5. FRUIT TREES AND STRAWBERRY GROWTH Fruit trees that are grown on ŗŗħvǢƼOsǢsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼ are apple, pear, peach (deciduous trees), lemon and orange. Deciduous fruit trees are grown in every 144 modules that carry weather temperate climate zones, one month delayed from one module to another, 36 - for production of planting material and 108 - for fruit production. Strawberries are grown in 36 modules that carry weather temperate climate zones, one month delayed from one module to another, 12 - for production of planting material and 24 - for fruit production. Citrus is grown in 24 modules that carry out specific atmospheric conditions subtropical zone, 3 - to produce planting material and 21 - for fruit production. Propagation of fruit trees is achieved by meristem culture using the varieties of scion and rootstock types that provide trees a low habitus. The main conditions for fruit trees growing are presented in the following tables: Crt. No. 0. xx 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. xx CROP 1. U.M. APPLES PEARS PEACHES STRAWBERRI
ES CITRUS TOTAL Quantity Average duration of crop Production modules *1 Annual crop foundation modules *2 Every 4 years crop foundation modules *3 Maximum production modules 2. kg/year 8,628,600 4,836,250 4,836,250 4,646,450 3. years 12 12 12 3 year 1 4. xx 12*1 12*1 12*1 12*1 10,595,950 33,543,500 24 xxx 1*2 xxx year 2 5. xx 12*1 12*1 12*1 12*3 year 3 6. xx 12*1 12*1 12*1 12*3 year 4-
12 7. xx 108*3 108*3 108*3 - year 4-24 TOTAL 8. xx - - - - 9. xx 144 144 144 36 1*2 xxx 1*2 xxx - xxx 21 *3 xxx 24 xxx Table 2.3.1.2.5.1.
Crt. No. 0. xx 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. xx CROP 1. U.M. APPLES PEARS PEACHES STRAWBERRI
ES CITRUS TOTAL Productio
n Module area with maximum production Total area of crop 10. kg/m2 15 5 5 11. m2 3,995 6,717 6,717 12. m2 575,280 967,248 967,248 10 19,360 696,960 20 xxx 25,288 xxx 606,912 3,813,648 MICROCLIMATE CONDITIONS Table 2.3.1.2.5.2 Crt. No. CROP Biological threshold Density 0. xx 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. U.M. APPLES PEARS PEACHES STRAWBERRIES CITRUS 2. trees/m2 1 1 0,5 10 0,5 C 8 8 6,5 5 - O Crt. No. Warm period Duration Average temperature Degrees sum 3. months 6 6 6 6 12 4. C 20 18 16 18 18-25 5. C 3,660 3,294 2,900 1,500 - O O Cold period CROP 0. xx 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 93 1. U.M. APPLES PEARS PEACHES STRAWBERRIES CITRUS Duration Average temperature Degrees sum 10. months 6 6 6 6 - 11. O
C 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 - 12. O
C - - - - - Ananké Space Settlement
2.3.2.INDUSTRY 2.3.2.1 Textile Industry The clothing of the inhabitants is an important feature as it is exclusively a human characteristic and ÞǼÞǣƼǋsǣsŘǼÞŘĶĶÌȖŎŘǣŸOÞsǼÞsǣÞŘɚǋÞsǼɴŸ¯¯ŸǋŎǣʰŘŘĨwǢƼOsǢsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼÞŘOĶȖ_s_ʳǻÌsŎŸȖŘǼŘ_
type of clothing worn usually depends on functional and social considerations, according to encyclopedias. Therefore, because the temperature of the settlement is constant (of approx. 23 degrees Celsius) the ¯ȖŘOǼÞŸŘǣŸ¯ɠǋŎǼÌŸŘOŸĶ_ɠsǼÌsǋǋsŘ˅ǼŘsOsǣǣǋy. Also, fashion is not a concern on the station, as our ÞŎ ÞǣǼŸ ƼǋŸŎŸǼs ŎŸǋĶɚĶȖsǣ OŸŘǣÞ_sǋÞŘ¶ ǼÌǼ ƼÌɴǣÞOĶ ǣƼsOǼ ÞǣŘ˅Ǽ Ÿ¯ ǣȖOÌ ÞŎƼŸǋǼŘOsʳ ËŸɠsɚsǋ ɠs _Ÿ
ƼǋŸŎŸǼs sɮƼǋsǣǣÞŘ¶ ŸŘs˅ǣ ƼsǋǣŸŘĶÞǼɴ Ř_ ǋsĶÞ¶ÞŸȖǣ EsĶÞs¯ǣ ʹEsOȖǣs ǋsĶÞ¶ÞŸŘ Þǣ Ÿ¯ ¯ǋss OÌŸÞOsʺ through clothing (We provide ceremonial clothes and accessories for those interested). As a result, we create a wide variety of clothing elements in various colors and sizes made of light materials such as linen, hemp and cotton combined with lycra. In order to express the pride of being an inhabitant, all clothes are provided with a small representative badge:
An innovation on the station is the ÔŸĶŸǋ-OÌŘ¶ÞŘ¶OĶŸǼÌsǣˇ. In order to create those we color the fibers with a thermochromic dye (leuco dye). The particles in the dye are enclosed in some sort of microcapsules which work as following depending on the air/body temperature: When the air is at a normal temperature, the mixture of chemical elements in the microcapsule takes a solid form and the carbon molecules are attached to each other in a ring shape (lactone ring). But when the capsule experiences a rise in the body temperature or in the outside temperature (possible only in the entertainment areas which simulate safari and other experiences existent on Earth), the molecules break the carbon ring and this change results in the dyes absorbing and releasing light differently, thus changing shades. The chemical explanation would be that the microcapsules contain two substances represented by a weak acid and a quaternary ammonium salt of a fatty acid dissolved in a solvent. At slightly higher body temperatures the solvent melts and the salt dissociates, reversibly reacting with the weal acids and increasing the pH. The leuco form of the dye is colorless, therefore it is applied to a fabric already colored with normal pigments and the change 94 Ananké Space Settlement
becomes noticeable in the shades of the clothes. Therefore, at different temperatures the colors do not change completely, but become darker or lighter.
For the exterior costumes we choose a model created based on the principles of EMU (Extravehicular Mobility Unit). The costumes are manufactured on the settlement and are provided to all inhabitants in order to be used by those who have jobs that require them, and by the others, in case of an emergency that requires the evacuation of the settlement. (Photos taken at Davidson Space & Rocket Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA) The main functions of a space suit in order to work properly are the following: x
Mobility x
Stable internal pressure x
The facility of providing oxygen for breathing and the evacuation of carbon dioxide x
A communication system x
A system designed to collect solid and liquid waste x
Temperature regulation x
Protection against UV radiations x
Protection against solid bodies such as micrometeorites 95 Ananké Space Settlement
x
EMU Space Suit Control Module: 96 Ananké Space Settlement
All the clothing factories are placed in the small torus and the production is completely computer-driven. In order to make the process of re-using all the resources more easily, we avoid using toxic chemicals in cotton agriculture, especially when coloring fibers. Instead, we use dyes made from plants and so we reduce the impact that factories have on the environment, because burning fossil fuels from Earth as a means of producing the necessary energy is not required, being replaced by the energy produced by the solar panels. The choice and growth of plants and the process of producing the necessary fabrics for the clothes of the inhabitants: x
Flax: In order to obtain the fibers of flax, we cultivate flax plants on the settlement, using seeds brought from Earth at first. We provide soils rich in organic matter in order to assure that the plant reaches the necessary height within a couple of weeks. We extract the fiber from the skin of the stem and modify it in special factories. x
Hemp: We choose hemp because, apart from growing fast and producing approx. 10% more fiber than other plants commonly used (such as cotton or flax), it also represents the faster growing biological material, as a source of renewable energy. x
Cotton: We spun mechanically, woven and dye cotton in order to make this soft, breathable textile. By not suffering from defoliation or freezing, this plant brought form Earth, grows continuously, assuring a mass production of fibers. We seek to cut out the use of chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides; therefore we turn to using and organic model of producing the fibers. x
Lycra (Spandex): We also produce lycra (also known as spandex or elastane) in order to combine this with natural fabrics so as to give clothes elasticity. The process of producing is lycra is described as following: producing a prepolymer, reacting it with diamine, converting the solution into fibers into a special machinery, bundling a number of solid strands together and, finally, treating the fibers with a polymer. 2.3.2.2. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY The factories are installed in the Big Torus, on the -4 level, along with the chemical industry. The drugs are processed: -‐
from medicinal plants; -‐
by biochemical syntesis from organic and anorganic compounds; -‐
by biotechnologies and genetic engineering that use bacteria, viruses and fungus; Medicinal plants required for obtaining drugs are cultivated in the Small Torus, in areas with special conditions. The most important medicinal plants grown on our space settlement are: 97 Ananké Space Settlement
Chamomile, Ginkgo Biloba, Coriander, Red Pepper, Gentian, Mint. Chemical compounds are stored in warehouses, in special conditions, close to the factories. Types of medicines: -‐
antibiotics; -‐
vaccines; -‐
sedatives and analgesics; -‐
probiotics; -‐
hormones; -‐
vitamines and minerals; The drugs produced are packed and transported to the hospitals, clinics and pharmacies situated inside the hospitals. 2.3.2.3. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY Chemical industry is the branch of industry that takes care of plastics, polymers and rubbers synthesis. The factories are located in the lowest level of the torus (-4 level). It uses both organic and inorganic compounds, like acids, ammonia, nitrogen, urea, nitroglycerin and hydrocarbons. Some of these substances come from Temperance, in which it is recycled the refuse and waste that comes from the station. `
Factory design The preparation of substances is done in factories equipped with an evacuation system for residues that result from the synthesis processes. Thus, from every factory two pipes exit, one for gases and the other one for liquids. These pipes open in the ground floor of the Big Torus to eliminate the residues in space. In order for the space pressure not to meet with the one in the torus, at the exit from the factories the residues are temporarily kept in a container, separated from the pipe by a mechanism of two valves which open periodically to eliminate the residues. The valves A and B work in two phases. Valve A is situated at the container exit and valve B is placed at the middle of the container. In the first phase valve A is closed and valve B is open for the residues to accumulate in the whole container. In the second phase, when the container becomes fully loaded, valve B closes and valve A opens itself, in order to let half of the accumulated residues exit the container. The process returns to the first phase when the second half of the container becomes empty and ǼÌs¯ÞǋǣǼÌĶ¯EsOŸŎsǣɚsǋɴĶŸ_s_ʳǻÌs_ɚŘǼ¶sŸ¯ǼÌÞǣŎsOÌŘÞǣŎÞǣǼÌǼǼÌsǼÌs¯OǼŸǋɴ˅ǣ
OǼÞɚÞǼɴ_ŸsǣŘ˅ǼŘss_ǼŸEsǣǼŸƼƼs_ÞŘŸǋ_sǋǼŸsɚOȖǼsǼÌsǋsǣÞ_ȖsǣɠÞǼÌŸȖǼǣƼOsŘ_ǼŸǋȖǣƼǋsǣǣȖǋsǣ
interference.
The products synthesized in the chemical industry are used as raw materials or intermediaries for other industries in order to produce other commercial goods. The produced compounds can also be used as finished goods, such as the plastic recipes. 99 Ananké Space Settlement
2.3.2.4. BUILDING MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY ǻÌsŎsǼĶĶȖǋ¶ÞOĶÞŘ_ȖǣǼǋɴʰĶǣŸOĶĶs_ǼÌsˆŎsǼĶǣÞŘ_ȖǣǼǋɴˇʰǼĨsǣOǋsŸ¯ǼÌsƼǋŸOsǣǣÞŘ¶ǼŸ¯ÞŘÞǼs
products with pre-established shapes and purposes, such as jewels and alloys. It mainly uses iron, steel, aluminum, copper, magnesium, titanium and zinc, in processes like sand casting, die casting, extrusion, deep drawing and cold heading. The industrial factories are similar to the ones used at the chemical industry and are situated in the Small Torus, at level ground 0. By the extraction process, the metals are taken from different planets and satellites, as following: -‐
aluminum, magnesium, sodium, potassium, hematite (Fe2O3), nickel, steel, silicon, copperandmanganese from Mars; -‐
silicates and iron from Mercury; -‐
aluminum and calcium from Moon; -‐
chalybeate (FeCO3) anddolomite (CaCO3*MgCO3) from Ceres (dwarf planet). The metals obtained through the extraction processes are used in several domains, such as chemical industry (compounds of sodium), agriculture (calcium compounds), pharmaceutics (potassium), the machine builder industry (iron) etc. In the building materials industry the raw materials are represented by materials of mineral provenience (such as chalkstone, chad and plaster stone), of vegetal origin (timber) and products of chemical and metallurgical industries. The fabrication factories of this industry are in the Big Torus, at level ground 0, together with the factories of the metallurgical industry. To obtain the different construction materials we use, among others, the metals obtained the exploitation methods of the metallurgical industry. In the case of CaCO3, we are doing an experiment with protocells, which develop in an organic environment with salts of calcium. In time, these should form calcium carbonate. The construction materials obtained are used at the construction of roads and the production of tectorials (bitumen), walling materials and binders (aggregates), thermal isolation (foam glass, diatomite) and finishing (dyes). 2.3.2.5. FOOD INDUSTRY The primary role of agriOȖĶǼȖǋsÞǣǼÌsƼǋŸ_ȖOǼÞŸŘŸ¯ĶÞŎsŘǼǣ¯ŸǋƼsŸƼĶs˅ǣ¯ŸŸ_ʳ The alimentation represents the ingestion of aliments in certain quantities and of certain qualities, in a certain proportions, times and ways. 100 Ananké Space Settlement
The aliment represents a product that provides a person with the energy necessary to carry on its biological, intellectual and physical activities, but also the nutrients necessary for cellular constructions and modifications. The human organism maintains itself healthy with a diversified, individualized alimentation (considering age, sex, physical or physical effort, physiological state, health state), correctly composed from a caloric point of view and that can respect the best proportion of the active substances, biologically speaking: nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids), mineral salts, vitamin sand water. The metabolism represents the entire chemical and physical processes, in a physiological and biological way, which lay at the basis of all structural and energetic transformations, through which the living matter organizes itself, self sustains and manifests itself. In metabolic measurements it is used the measurement unit of kilo caloric thermal energy (kcal). On average, 1 gram of nutrients develops the following quantities of energy: proteins - 4,1 Kcal; carbohydrates- 4,2 Kcal; lipids - 9,3 Kcal. Estimative, according to age, the energetic necessities of the human organism are presented in Tab.2.3.1.0.1. Tab. 2.3.1.0.1. AGE(years) Necessity (Kcal/Kg body/day) 2-5 5-12 12-18 18-60 above 60 80 70 50 30 20 At adults, the necessity of kcal correlates with the type of activities as following (2.3.1.0.2.) : TYPE OF PHYSICAL EFFORT 1.None (sleeping) ˛Basic metabolism WOMEN 655 + 9.5 x M + 1.8 x H ˛ 4.7 x V Tab. 2.3.1.0.1.2 MEN 166 + 13.7 x M + 5 x H ˛ 6.8 x V 2.Sedentary activities ( watching TV, 0.3 x h x M 0.3 x h x M working on computer, reading, eating) 3.Light activities (walking, intellectual 0.6 x h x M 0.6 x h x M activities) 4.Medium activities (walking fastly, 1.0 x h x M 1.2 x h x M dancing, light sports) 5.Intense activities (Intense physical 1.8 x h x M 2.0 x h x M work, swimming, running) DAILY TOTAL NECESSITY The 5 values are summed up The 5 values are summed up In Tab.2.3.1.0.1.2, the letters have the following significations: M - weight (Kg); H - height (cm); V - age (years); h ˛ the time necessary for the activity to take place (hours). 101 Ananké Space Settlement
THE QUANTITY AND RATIO BETWEEN NUTRIENTS In order to estimate the ratio and the quantity of the nutrients, we start with protein, for which the human body does not possess reserve organs, only cells. The necessary quantity of protein, depending on age and physical effort is presented in Tab. 2.3.1.0.3. Tab.2.3.1.0.3. Proteins ( g/Kg body) Age Group Reduced Physical Medium Physical effort Intense Physical Effort Effort infants 3-6 months 1.85 infants 6 months - 2 years 1.30 Children 2-5 years 1.10 + 25% + 50% Children 5-12 years 1.10 Teenagers 12-18 years 0.9 Adults 0.75 After defining the necessary quantity of proteins, the values is correlated with the other main nutrients (carbohydrates, lipids), depending on the physical effort and age, as shown in Tab 2.3.1.0.4. Tab.2.3.1.0.4. CATEGORY PROTEINS GLUCIDES LIPIDS xx parts % of quantity % of total caloric 14.30 12.20 9.90 parts % of quantity % of total caloric 71.40 73.20 74.25 part
s % din quantity % of total caloric 14.30 14.60 15.85 Sedentary and elderly 1 15.40 5.00 77.00 0.50 7.60 Moderate effort 1 14.00 6.00 73.20 0.60 7.90 Intense effort 1 10.75 7.50 74.25 0.80 8.65 From the daily necessary of carbohydrates, over 75 % must be slowly absorbed, carbohydrates coming from cereals, vegetable and legumes ; 20% must be rapidly absorbed from not concentrated sources like from fruits; 5% from concentrated sugars like in natural honey. From the total daily necessary of lipids, fats and concentrated oils must not exceed 25-30%, while the rest has to be completed with other products (oily seeds, fish, milk, eggs). The medium content of some aliments is presented in Tab.2.3.1.0.5.- proteins Tab.2.3.1.0.6. ˛ Carbohydrates, Tab.2.3.1.0.7. ˛ lipids. Tab.2.3.1.0.5. ALIMENT PROTEINS g/100g Kcal/100g Type (comestible part) (comestible part) Dry yeast 44 180 Natural supplement Soy 36 140 Aliments with semi complete proteins Cheese 28 280 Aliments with semi complete 102 Ananké Space Settlement
Sunflower seeds 23 560 Dry beans 23 300 Dry peas 21 320 Meat (poultry pork, beef) Fish Egg 20 20 13 150 100 170 proteins Aliments with semi complete proteins Aliments with semi complete proteins Aliments with semi complete proteins Aliments with complete proteins Aliments with complete proteins Aliments with complete proteins ENERGETIC CARBOHYDRATES g/100g (comestible part) Kcal/100g (comestible part) Tab..2.3.1.0.6. NOT ENERGETIC CARBOHYDRATES g/100g (comestible part) 99.90 75 75 50 50 40 16 11 6 5 410 360 240 300 250 88 60 35 43 0 traces 0 3.3 8 7 2 2 1 2 2 20-90 1 0.01 100-170 0 ALIMENT Refined sugar Natural honey Pasta Integral bread Legumes Integral cereals Potatoes Fresh fruits Mushrooms Beet Vegetables and sugars Meat 103 ALIMENT LIPIDS g/100g (comestible part) Tab..2.3.1.0.7. Kcal/100g (comestible part) Vegetal oil Butter Sunflower (hulled achenes) Cheese Soy Egg Fish Beef meat Chicken meat Legumes (without soy) Vegetables 99 82 50 18 18 12 9 10 7 2 0.2 930 720 560 280 170 100 170 300-330 1 Ananké Space Settlement
Minerals and human body x
x
x
x
x
Minerals are indispensable to life. They represent 4% of the human body weight. Classification of the mineral elements Macroelements : C, O, H, N, Ca, P Oligoelements (0.05-0.75%): K, Na, Mg, S, Cl Microelements: Invariable (indispensable) : Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Mo, Mn, Cr, F, I and variables: Ni, Cd, V, Se, Si, B Distribution of mineral elements: Intracellular ˛ higher content of K+, Mg2+, H2PO4-, HPO42- Extracellular ˛ higher content of Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3- CALCIUM - Ca Calcium is a major constituent of bones and teeth, it has an important contribution to blood coagulation, muscular contraction and heart muscle function. Recommended doses of Ca, depending on age, are presented in Tab. . 2.3.1.0.8. Tab. .2.3.1.0.8. Group Infant Children Teenagers Adults Pregnancy Lactation Age (years) 0.0 ˛ 0.5 0.5-
1.0 1.0-12.0 12.0-18.0 18.0-
24.0 25+ - - Necessary Calcium 400 600 800 1,200 1,200 800 1,200 1,200 mg/day The main alimentary sources of Ca are presented in Tab. . 2.3.1.0.9. Tab. .2.3.1.0.9. mg% comestible Aliment Aliment mg% comestible part part Cheese 720-750 Cow cheese 500 Parsley leaves 325 White beans 180 Sweet cow cheese 164 Egg yolk 145 Green onions 135 Cow milk 125 PHOSPHORUS - P Phosphorus intervenes in the absorption and conversion of some nutrients and is part of EŸŘsǣ˅Ř_ǼssǼÌ˅OŸŎƼŸǣÞǼÞŸŘȖŘ_sǋǼÌs¯ŸǋŎǣŸ¯tricalciumphosphate (hydroxyapatite),magnesium phosphate, sodium phosphate and potassium. The recommended phosphorus doses are presented in the table below on age categories. Tab. 2.3.1.0.10. 104 Ananké Space Settlement
Group Infants Children Teenagers Adults Tab. 2.3.1.0.10. Pregnancy Lactation Age(years) 0.0 ˛ 0.5 0.5-
1.0 1.0-12.0 12.0-18.0 18.0-
24.0 +25 - - Necessary Phosphorus mg/day 300 500 800 1,200 1,200 800 1,200 1,200 The main alimentary sources of alimentation of P are presented in Tab. 2.3.1.0.11. Tab. 2.3.1.0.11. mg% (comestible part) 480 ˛ 505 320 204 ˛ 220 128 Aliment mg% (comestible part) Aliment Egg yolk 500 Cheese Brain 336 Liver Peas 303 Fish Black bread 164 Parsley leaves MAGNESIUM - Mg Among sodium, magnesium is the most important intracellular cation. In the human body there are 20-30 g magnesium, from which 60 % is present in bones, 26% in muscles and the rest in the soft tissues and physiological fluids. ō¶ŘsǣÞȖŎ OǼÞɚǼsǣ sŘʊɴŎsǣ ǼÌǼ ÞŘǼsǋɚsŘs ÞŘ ǼÌs ƼǋŸǼsÞŘ ǣɴŘǼÌsǣÞǣʰ ÞŘ ǼÌs OǋEŸÌɴ_ǋǼsǣ˅
Ř_ĶÞƼÞ_ǣ˅ŎsǼEŸĶÞǣŎʳÝǼÞǣÞŘɚŸĶɚs_ÞŘǼÌsEĶŸŸ_coagulation process. The recommended magnesium doses in alimentation are presented on age categories in Tab.2.3.1.0.12. Tab. 2.3.1.0.12. Infants Children Teenagers Adults Group Lactation Women Men Women Men Pregnancy Age(years) 0 -0.5 0.5-1 1 - 3 4-6 7-12 12 -18 +18 Necessary 12
magnesium 40 60 880 170 300 350 280 350 300 350 0 mg/day Alimentary sources Magnesium enters the structure of chlorophyll, the reason for which the richest sources of magnesium are green vegetables (salad, spinach, green onion, dill leaves, parsley, lovage etc.). Other sources are: other vegetables, fruits, by-products of cereals with high-degree extraction (black bread and intermediaries), dried legumes, sea fruits, chocolate. Poorer in magnesium are: meat and its by-products, fish. 105 Ananké Space Settlement
SODIUM - Na, CHLORINE - Cl and POTASSIUM - K Sodium, chlorine and potassium carry out essential physiological roles: maintaining the acido-
basic, osmotic and water balance, regulating the membrane permeability and neuromuscular innervations (stimulators of the muscular tonus). Out of the total content of the human organism: Sodium represents 2%, Chlorine 3%, Potassium 5% These elements are distributed in all cells and tissues of the organism, sodium and chlorine being present especially in the extra-cellular liquids and potassium in intra-cellular liquids. Sodium favors the retaining of water into the organism. Potassium contributes at the renal elimination of sodium and stimulates dieresis. Chlorine participates at the fixation and transfer at the level of erythrocytes of the O2 and CO2, being a necessary element at the formation of HCl from the gastric juice and eliminates via kidneys the products of nitrated catabolism and ultimately activates some enzymes. The primary source of Na and Cl: salt (NaCl), whose consumption varies very much from one person to another. It is recommended: x A consumption of Na of 2300 mg/day for adult people, considering the absorption of sodium is of 90-95%. x For potassium, an identical consumption to that of sodium, respectively, 2300 mg/day. Alimentary sources: x Sodium: brought in daily alimentation especially as salt. x Potassium: is widely spread in animal and vegetal aliments: meat, fish, vegetables, fruits (especially bananas), intermediary and black bread, dried legumes. The milk and its lactate by-products also contain small quantities. SULFUR - S It is necessary to assure a good activity of cells and tissues. It is a fundamental component of proteins, hormones, vitamins etc. In the human organism there can be found approximately 150 g sulfur as inorganic compounds (sulfates, thiocyanates) and as organic compounds (amino acids, proteins, vitamins, lipids etc.). Sulfur required: 1. 3 g/day. Alimentary sources of sulfur are meat, milk, some vegetables etc. IRON - Fe Iron is an important element of cellular breathing; it is a component of the red blood-cells. The human organism contains 3-5 g of iron, and the recommended quantities are presented in Tab.2.3.1.0.13. Tab.2.3.1.0.13. Babies Children Teenagers Adults Group Lactation Girls Boys Women Men Pregnancy 0 -
0,5-
Age (years) 1 - 3 4-6 7-12 12 -18 18 + 0,5 1 Required iron 6 10 10 10 12 10 15 10 15 30 15 mg/day The primary alimentary sources of iron are presented in Tab. 2.3.1.0.14. . 106 Ananké Space Settlement
Aliment mg/100 g eatable part Aliments of animal origin Liver 11 Kidneys 10 Cow meat 5 Integral hen egg 3,0 Fish 2,4 Chicken meat 1,5 Tab. 2.3.1.0.14. Aliment mg/100 g eatable part Aliments of vegetal origin Grout 20 Beans 6,6 Pea 3,5 Spinach 2,25 Green salad 2,0 Black bread 1,3 IODINE - I ÝŸ_ÞŘsÞǣƼǋǼŸ¯ǼÌsǼÌɴǋŸÞ_ĶÌŸǋŎŸŘsǣ˅OŸŎƼŸǣÞǼÞŸŘʳÝŘǼÌs_ȖĶǼŸǋ¶ŘÞǣŎÞǼOŘEs¯ŸȖŘ_
quantity of 20-30 mg iodine from which more than 75% is concentrated in the thyroidal gland, and the recommended doses are presented in Tab.2.3.1.0.15. Tab.2.3.1.0.15. Babies Children Teenagers Adults Group Girls Boys Women Men Lactation Pregnancy 4-
Age (years) 0 -0,5 0,5-1 1 - 3 7-12 12 -18 18 + 6 Necessary iodine 40 50 70 90 120 150 150 150 150 175 200 ͼ¶ˀ_ɴ The iodine necessary to the organism comes, in a proportion of about 80- 90%, from aliments. The richest sources of iodine are sea fruits and fish with approximately 300 ˛ ˢ˟˟˟ͼ¶ÞŸ_ÞŘsˀĨ¶ʳ The iodine concentration in cow milk, meat and eggs varisǣOOŸǋ_ÞŘ¶ǼŸǼÌsŘÞŎĶǣ˅_ÞsǼʰŘ_
the concentration in plants (garlic, onion, green beans) depends upon its concentration in the hydroponic solution. The growth of the iodine quantity consumed is made with salt with KI or KIOx (x=1, 2, 3 or 4). FLUORINE - F Fluorine appears in the organism in small concentrations, most of it being in bones and teeth. Fluorine is a protection factor of teeth against different agents. It also influences the dynamics of iodine, calcium and phosphorus. The recommended doses of fluorine are presented in Tab. 2.3.1.0.16. Tab.2.3.1.0.16. Babies Children Teenagers Adults Group Girls Boys Women Men Lactation Pregnancy Age 0 -0,5 0,5-1 1 - 3 4-6 7-12 12 -18 18 + (years) Fluorine necessary 0,5 0,5 1,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 mg/day 107 Ananké Space Settlement
Alimentary sources: The most important source of fluorine is water. The optimal concentration of fluorine in water is of 1mg/dm3. Aliments contain a little fluorine; a normal alimentation brings a quantity of 0,25-0,50 mg/day. Aliments assure 1/4 - 1/3 out of the total quantity of fluorine per day from the quantity of fluorine per day. ZINC - Zn It can be found in organism in a quantity of 2-3 g out of which 60% enters the composition of muscular mass, 20% is situated at the bones and skin level, and 20% in the rest of the organism (liver, pituitary, pancreas, blood cells etc.). It enters the composition of some enzymes plays a role in the synthesis of proteins. The recommended doses of zinc are presented in Tab. 2.3.1.0.17. Tab.2.3.1.0.17. Babies Children Teenagers Adults Group Lactation Girls Boys Women Men Pregnancy Age (years) 0 -0,5 0,5-1 1 - 3 4-6 7-12 12 -18 18 + Zinc Necessary 5 5 10 10 10 15 15 12 12 15 18 mg/day Alimentary sources: The most important food sources of zinc are fish, meat, cheese, egg yolk, cereals, beer yeast. COPPER - Cu It is present in organism in small amounts (100-150 mg), concentrating on liver, brain, kidneys, heart, bone marrow and muscles. Its purpose is in the protein synthesis and in the red blood cells. The recommended zinc doses are presented in the Table 2.3.1.0.18. Tab.2.3.1.0.18. Babies Group Children Age (years) Copper Necessary mg/day 0 -0,5 0,5-1 1 - 3 4-6 0,5 0,7 1,0 1,5 Teenagers 7-12 2,0 Adults Girls Boys Women Men 12 -18 18 + 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 Pregnancy Lactation 2,5 2,5 Food Sources The richest groceries in copper are the vegetables, dry fruits and cereals. SELENIUM ˛ Se Selenium is considered biological antioxidant. It operates in the presence of vitamin E. The selenium requirements is: for children and babies of 10-ˢ˟ͼ¶ˀ_ɴʰ¯Ÿǋ_ȖĶǼǣÞǣŸ¯ˤ˟-70 ͼ¶ˀ_ɴʰÞŘƼǋs¶ŘŘOɴŘ_ĶOǼǼÞŸŘÞǣŸ¯˥ˤ-˦ˤͼ¶ˀ_ɴʳ The selenium is found in complete cereals, meat, fish, milk and milky products etc. 108 Ananké Space Settlement
CHROMIUM ˛ Cr It is considered a factor of grape sugar tolerance. It facilitates the capture of insulin by the specific tissue receptors. It intervenes in the lipid metabolism, having an important role in prevention of the arteriosclerosis. The daily requirements of chromium are estimated at 50-ˡ˟˟ͼ¶ʳ It is especially found in meat, cereals, refined oils and beer yeast. VITAMINS The vitamins represent a group of organic compounds. They are essential for the human body in the achievement in optimal conditions of some necessary metabolic processes. There are 13 essential vitamins (their lack affects the normal functionality of the human body). They are grouped in two categories: - lipo-soluble - A (Retinol), D (Calciferol), E (Tokoferol), K (Filokinon) ˛ these deposit themselves in liposoluble tissues and in liber. - hidro-soluble - B1 (Thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin), B4 (Folic acid), B5 (Pantothenic acid), B6 (Pyridoxine), B7 (Biotin), B12 (Ciancobalamin) and C (Ascorbic acid). The role of vitamins in human body, vitamin food sources and optimal doses are presented in the next tables: Tab.2.3.1.0.19. Vit. A D E K B1 B2 B3 The role in the human body It enters in the structure of the retinal pigments responsible of the sight at white low vision and distinction of the colors. Maintains the integrity and health of the skin and mucosa. Facilitates absorption and accumulation of calcium in the bones and teeth and intervenes in the phosphorus homastazia. It has antioxidant properties. Maintains the normal structure and functions of the reproductive organs. Ensures the trophicity of the muscular system. It has a hepatoprotective role. Stimulate cell proliferation and red blood cell formation. Facilitates the use of the K vitamin in the human body. It has a role in the blood coagulation process. Maintains the resistances and integrity of the bones structures of older people. It is combined with different proteins and forms enzyme that metabolize carbohydrates. Provides the physiological process of growing. Participates at the maintaining of the optimal functionality for the cardiovascular, nerve and digestive system. It is involved in the somatic growth and in the red blood cells formation. It has an important role in releasing energy from proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. It reduces the level of blood cholesterol. Maintains skin health. Promotes nervous function at the maximum efficiency. 109 Ananké Space Settlement
B4 It is involved in the red blood cells formation. It is necessary in the ADN synthesis. It protects the fetus. B5 It is involved in the metabolism and syntheses of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. It is important for pregnant women. B6 It is involved in amino acids and proteins metabolism. It stimulates organism growth. It increases the defense capacity against infections. It favors cerebral activity. B7 It has an important role in proteins and carbohydrates metabolism. It has an important role in hormones production and cholesterol and fatty acids synthesis. It maintains glucose level in normal limits. It promotes hair and nails health. B12 It is involved in the enzyme complexes associated to different metabolisms. It promotes the digestive mucosa regeneration. It stimulates the development and maintenance of the spinal activity. C It is antioxidant in the normal development of the teeth and gums. It heals and scars wounds. It strengthens the immune system. It is involved in ferrum absorption and in the increasing resistance of the human body against toxic substances from the environment. Tab.2.3.1.0.20. Vit. A D E K B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B12 C FOOD SOURCES Eggs, meat, milk, cheese Cheese, butter, fish, cereals Cereals, spinach and other vegetables, vegetal oils, black bread, beans, peas Green vegetables( salad , spinach, onion, dill, parsley, cereals, egg yolk Cereals, pasta, black bread , beans, peas , soya ,beer yeast, milk products Cereals ,pasta, types of cheese, fruit juice Milk products, poultry meat, fish, eggs, vegetables Green vegetables, liver, meat, black bread Eggs, fish, milk, integral cereals, yeast, cabbage, salad Yeast, green beans, poultry meat, fish, liver Eggs, fish, milk, integral cereals, yeast, cabbage, salad Meat, liver, eggs, milk, fish Citrus, strawberries, tomatoes, green onion, potatoes Tab.2.3.1.0.21. Vitamins A D E K B1 Years UI UI mg mg mg/1000 Kcal 110 NECESSITY OF VITAMINS /DAY -1 2500 400 6 - 0,6 1-6 2500 200 6 - 0,6 Ananké Space Settlement
6-12 3500 200 6 - 0,6 12+ 5000 200 10 2 0,6 Pregnant women 8000 800 10 2 0,6 Old people 5000 700 10 2 0,6 B2 B3 B4 B6 B7 B12 C mg/1000 Kcal mg mg mg ͼ¶ ͼ¶ mg/1000 Kcal 0,6 - 0,1 - 5 - 20 0,6 2-12 0,1 - 5 - 20 0,6 2-12 0,1 - 6 - 20 0,6 14 ;16 0,2 1,5 30 3 ; 6 20 3,0 18 0,4 4 35 3 20 0,6 14 ;16 0,2 1,5 30 3 ;6 20 FOOD PROCESS Fruits and vegetables are brought from the small torus to the big torus, where they are processed, divided and sent to the three sections. Animals are sacrificed in the same place they were grown. Then they are sent in each of the three sections. DAILY MEDIUM NECESSITY OF FOOD Here we have calculated the daily necessity of calories based on sex and age: Tab.2.3.1.0.22. 3 months-6 6 months-2 months years Age group 0-3 months Sex Total Population Number 320.000 Average weight kg/human Consume Kcal /kg body Consume Kcal /kg body - - 1000 1000 Necessary of Kcal / age group - - - Maternal milk consume 2-5 years 5-12 years - - - 6000 12000 28000 - 15 19 - 80 70 - 1.200 1.330 Maternal milk 7.200.000 15.960000 consume TOTAL NECESSITY : 618.760.000 KCAL 30 60 1800 50.400.000 Age group Sex Total Population Number 320.000 Average weight kg/human Consume Kcal /kg body Consume Kcal /kg body Necessary of Kcal / age group 111 12-18 years 18-60 years +60 years - 12000 13000 102.000 105.000 40.000 60 40 2400 50 40 2000 80 30 2400 60 30 1800 70 20 1400 28.800.000 26.000.000 244.800.000 189.000.000 56.600.000 Ananké Space Settlement
TOTAL NECESSITY : 618.760.000 KCAL THE NECESSITY OF PROTEINS Age group 0-3months 3-6 months Sex Population Number 320.000 Average mass kg/human Proteins g/kg body - 1000 - - Maternal milk consumption - 1000 6 1,85 6 months-
2 years - 6000 12 1,30 11,1 - - Proteins kg Medium physical effort supplement 5% Intense physical effort supliment 50% TOTAL PROTEINS - - 12000 15 1,10 5-12 years - 28000 30 1,10 93,60 198,0 924,0 - - - 231,0 - - - 2-5 years 11,1 93,6 198,0 1155,0 TOTAL OF DAILY PROTEINS - 20.872,3 kg, of which: Sedentary and old people- 15.404,7 kg Medium effort- 3775,6kg Intense effort- 1692,0 kg 12000 60 0,9 648,0 13000 50 0,9 585,0 102.000 80 0,75 6.120,0 +60 years - 105.000 40.000 60 70 0,75 0,75 4.725,0 2.100,0 162,0 146,3 1530,0 1181,3 525 162,0 - 1530,0 - - Age group Sex Population Number 320.000 Average mass kg/human Proteins g/kg body Proteins kg Medium physical effort supliment 5% Intense physical effort supliment 50% TOTAL PROTEINS 12-18 years 972,0 731,3 9180,0 5906,3 2625,0 TOTAL OF DAILY PROTEINS - 20.872,3 kg, of which: Sedentary and old people- 15.404,7 kg Medium effort- 3775,6kg Intense effort- 1692,0 kg 112 18-60 years Ananké Space Settlement
CATEGORY Sedentary and old people Medium effort Intense effort TOTAL PROTEINS parts Quantity kg % from quantity % from the total of calories 1 15.404,7 15,40 14,30 1 1 xx 3775,6 1692,0 20.872,3 14,00 10,75 Xx 12,20 9,90 xx CATEGORY Sedentary and old people Medium effort Intense effort TOTAL CARBOHYDRATES parts Quantity kg % from quantity % from the total of calories 5,00 77.023,5 77,00 71,40 6,00 7,50 xx 22.653,6 12.690,0 112.367,1 73,20 74,25 xx 73,20 74,25 xx CATEGORY Sedentary and old people Medium effort Intense effort TOTAL LIPIDS parts Quantity kg % from quantity % from the total of calories 0,50 7.702,4 7,60 14,30 0,60 0,80 xx 2265,4 1353,6 11.321,40 7,90 8,65 xx 14,60 15,85 xx 2.3.2.6. MACHINES AND ROBOT BUILDING INDUSTRY We develop this industry in the small torus, because everything is automated and controlled from the Control Centers. The means of transport, the robots and all the other machineries are transported in the big torus ǼÌǋŸȖ¶ÌǼÌsǣƼŸĨsǼÌǼƼǣǣsǣǼÌǋŸȖ¶ÌǼÌsǣƼÌsǋsˉǻÌsrŎƼǋsǣǣˇʳ The means of transport that are created are busses with automatic pilot personal cars and bicycles (See chapter 2.3.3.). The manufactured robots are:the security robot(with steel plates) (See chapter 2.5.1.), BlueDriller (See chapter 1.3.), the recycle robot (See Chapter 2.6.5.) Other machineries: The Blood pressure and Pulse Bracelet (See chapter 2.5.1.), appliances (cooker, fridge, microwave oven, TV, ATC - ŘŘĨw ǻEĶsǼ ¯Ÿǋ NŸŎŎȖŘÞOǼÞŸŘǣʺ, industry machines (chemical, alimentary, for diamonds, pharmaceutics, textiles). 113 Ananké Space Settlement
2.3.2.7. DIAMONDS INDUSTRY ŷŘŘŘĨwʰɠsƼǋŸŎŸǼsŘsɠÞŘ_ȖǣǼǋÞsǣʰŎŸŘ¶ɠÌÞOÌÞǣǼÌs_ÞŎŸŘ_ÞŘ_ȖǣǼǋɴʳ Due to better conditions of development, this industry is placed at 0g. ǻÌs_ÞŎŸŘ_ǣǋsOǋsǼs_ɠÞǼÌǼÌsÌsĶƼŸ¯ÊsĶǼƼǋsǣǣʰˇɠÌÞOÌÞǣƼǋsǣǣOƼEĶsŸ¯ƼǋŸ_ȖOÞŘ¶
a pressure higher than 10 Giga Pascal and a temperature higher than 2000 Celsius. The press is activated by creating a space of phyrophylitte Al2Si4O10(OH)2, where the graphite is dissolved in a mixture of iron, cobalt, and nickel. The three metals act as catalytic solvent for the carbon, which in turn accelerates the dissolving process and its transformation into diamond. Another method we use is knowŘǣËǻËƻʰɠÌÞOÌǣǼŘ_ǣ¯ŸǋˆÌÞ¶ÌƼǋsǣǣȖǋsʰÌÞ¶ÌǼsŎƼsǋǼȖǋsʳˇ
This method uses a number of cubic presses to act upon the Carbon thread, which is performed under ÌÞ¶ÌǼsŎƼsǋǼȖǋsŘ_ƼǋsǣǣȖǋsOŸŎƼǼÞEĶsǼŸǼÌŸǣs¯ŸȖŘ_ÞŘǼÌsrǋǼÌ˅ǣOǋȖǣǼʳǻÌs_ɚŘǼ¶sɠÞth this method is that we can obtain diamonds after only 7-10 days. Based on the methods we use, the diamonds we create have similar features to the natural ones, among which is what we use so often, and that is hardness. The created diamonds are used in refinishing hard surfaces, as abrasive materials, as tools for drilling or cutting that are used by robots, in medicine (where a thin diamond layer is used to cover all the scalpels), in biochemical engineering, as well as in manufacturing semi-conducive materials. Part of the production is dedicated for export. On embarking on the space station, each inhabitant is offered a diamond as present. 2.3.2.8. ENERGETICAL INDUSTRY The only possibilities to provide energy in space are solar energy and nuclear energy from nuclear fission. Because nuclear fission requires radioactive materials such as uranium, plutonium, hydrogen and heavy water, the process is difficult to control. Therefore, our first option is to use solar energy as much as possible and nuclear energy only in case of emergencies or for the transport ships which travel between planets and ŘŘĨwǢƼOsǢsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼ. Sun is a huge source of energy. Sun radiation can be captured and transformed in other forms of energy: electrical, mechanical or thermal. Thermal energy can be used for heating water, living spaces or greenhouses. The devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy are called solar panels. On these solar panels there are solar batteries or photocells. Solar batteries are electronic instruments which use the photoelectric phenomenon to produce electricity. In a photocell it is generated a small voltage, so we need more such cells connected in series for the solar battery to be used as energy source. Photocells are thin plates made of semiconductor materials, usually silicon (it has the highest efficiency). Some are made of gallium or arsenide, which are both semiconductors. Such cells have lower yields, but 114 Ananké Space Settlement
are functional at high temperatures and have the advantage that they are cheaper. That is why they are used to power the satellites, more exposed to solar radiation because in space there is no ozone layer to reduce the amount of solar radiation, as on Earth. Solar energy is the cleanest and cheapest energy source. ǢŸĶǋƼŘsĶǣOŸɚsǋǼÌsEÞ¶ǼŸǋȖǣ˅sɮǼsǋÞŸǋǣȖǋ¯OsʹǼÌÞǣÞǣǼÌsǣȖǋ¯OsĶÞ¶ÌǼsŘs_EɴǢȖŘʺ. The total lightened surface is: S
S
1
2 r 2 R 2( S R 2 )
2
2
4 r R S R
4 7300 800 S 53290000
S
190,775,472.5098m 2
S
The total quantity of electrical power produced daily is: P K S N0
P 0.3 190,775,472 .5098 1380 P 7.898 MW
where Ș = 0.3 is the efficiency of the solar panel and N 0
1380
W
m2
. Because the settlement is rotating, we need power plants connected to a central electric distribution plant which gathers all the power, thus providing a constant direct current (DC). Some of the DC will be converted into sinusoidal alternative current (AC) and distributed all over the station through electric circuits. 2.3.3. TRANSPORT Personal Transportation As alternative at the public transportation is the personal transportation. This is represented by a new concept car and a futuristic folding bicycle. ǻÌsˆ^ȖĶɟÌssĶˇNŸŘOsƼǼNǋÞǣOŸŎEÞŘǼÞŸŘŎ_sŸ¯ˡOǋǣʰǣŸsOÌŎsŎEsǋŸ¯ǼÌs¯ŎÞĶɴÌǣ a mini car, but at the same time they have a family car. Each mini car has 2 seats and the cars can be combined two by two throw a system based on electromagnets, which are located in the rear of the car. The electromagnets run on electric power. They activate /deactivate by pressing a button. While the button is on, the two cars come together and at the same time the back seats turn around and the back windows of the mini cars are sliding down. All of this are necessary when the two mini cars come together to form a united family car. The materials used are aluminum and glass for the exterior and a new material based on polymer, which barrows the touch screens properties, for the interior. The folding bicycles gather in a flattened cylinder as shown below. Those are made of aluminum. 116 Ananké Space Settlement
Public transport ŷŘǼÌsŘŘĨwǣsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼǼÌsƼȖEĶÞO transport is composed of a series of buses provided with 40 places. These stop in the bus stations that are at a distance of 700 m, on the entire settlementbeing a total of 65 bus stations. They circulate in the big torrus and to 2 from the 3 spheres. The buses don˅t go into the spheres, but they take the passangers to the entry, from where they will visit them by walking. They run on electricity, charging when parked, through wi-fi. Every parking lot is equipped with this system of charging through Wi-Fi. The buses move through the settlement with an automatic pilot system, and the passangers _ŸŘ˅Ǽ Ìɚs ǼŸ Ƽɴ the trasport. Instead they have a part of their monthly wages taken. This way the ǼǋŘǣƼŸǋǼOŸǣǼǣǋsƼǋŸɚÞ_s_EɴˇǻÌsOŸŎŎŸŘ¯ȖŘ_ˇʳ The bus has a futuristic design, being made more of glass. The space between the 2 doors is used to ilustrate information about the route of the bus , but also for the daily news. The design of the bus stations is also different from the one from Terra. They are made of glass on which is displayed information about the hour, the program of the buses and in how much time they will arrive in the bus station. 117 Ananké Space Settlement
2.3.4. ECONOMY AND CURRENCY General Economic Aspects: There is no difference among the citiʊsŘǣŸ¯ŘŘĨwǋs¶ǋ_ÞŘ¶ǼÌsŎŸȖŘǼŸ¯ŎŸŘsɴsǋŘs_Eɴ
each, as the production is mainly carried out so as to ensure the economic demand. All the jobs available on the station have the same demand and are considered to be equally important and equal to one another in terms of commitment, difficulty and skills required. In this way, every inhabitant earns ǼÌsǣŎsŎŸȖŘǼŸ¯ˆŎŸŘsɴˇŸŘǼÌsŎŸŘǼÌĶɴEǣÞǣ(all payment is contactless) but it is their choice how they spend it. However, those representing the government body have the permanent duty to monitor the amount of money saved by each person monthly so that no one gains a bigger fortune than the others. The money considered unnecessary by a person for their personal needs goes to the Common Fund. The Common Fund: ǻÌsNŸŎŎŸŘ®ȖŘ_ǋsƼǋsǣsŘǼǣ¯ȖŘ_Ÿ¯ˆŎŸŘsɴˇ¶ÞŘs_¯ǋŸŎǼÌsǼɮsǣÞŎƼŸǣs_ǼŸǼsĶsɚÞǣÞŸŘ
from earth which seek to transmit their programs on the settlement, from the money obtained from exports, from the 5% held by the government from the monthly income of each inhabitant and from costs gained from tourism. This common fund is used in order to provide the necessary finance for eventual repairs and modernizations and various projects and science studies. Currency and Integration in the International Monetary System: ǻÌs OȖǋǋsŘOɴ ŸŘ ŘŘĨw ǢƼOs ǢsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼ Þǣ OĶĶs_ ŘĨw Ř_ ÞǼ _ŸsǣŘ˅ǼsɮÞǣǼ ÞŘ ƼÌɴǣÞOĶ ¯ŸǋŎʰ
but only digitally, in the form of credits. Initially, an exchange rate is set in accordance to the present economic conditions on Terra. We also ÞŘ_ȖOs OsǋǼÞŘ OŸŘɚsǋǼÞEÞĶÞǼɴ OŸŘǼǋŸĶǣ ǣ ƼǋǼ Ÿ¯ ǼÌs ¶sŘsǋĶ sOŸŘŸŎÞO ƼŸĶÞOɴʰ ǼÌȖǣʰ ǼÌs ŘĨw Þǣ partially convertible currency, the trade transactions being handled with special requirements so as to avoid the its decrease. 2.3.5. COMMERCE Internal Commerce: The settlement is independent from Earth by creating and using its own resources and by manufacturing all the necessary elements so as life would go normally. After producing all those necessary goods, they are sold on the local market. As mentioned before, all payment is contact less and shop chains are inexistent. Therefore, a specialized system present in all the houses allows each of the inhabitants to view in detail and order anything from food and water to clothing, toys etc. The delivery is made only in a couple of hours and although the social function of shopping is being eliminated, its efficacy considerably grows. 118 Ananké Space Settlement
External Commerce: ŘŘĨw exports diamonds produced in weightlessness conditions in the Central Cylinder and other materials found on celestial bodies. 2.4. COMMUNICATION 2.4.1. INTERNAL COMMUNICATION NŸŎŎȖŘÞOǼÞŸŘÞǣɚÞǼĶÞŘĶÞ¯sʳǻŸƼǋsǣsǋɚsǼÌÞǣƼǋÞŘOÞƼĶsʰŸŘŘŘĨwʰÞŘǼsǋŘĶOŸŎŎȖŘÞOǼÞŸŘ
plays an important role. The inhabitants comunicate using new technological mobile equipment of comunication. The new mobile comunication technology is important everyday for each human being. It is a replacer for mobile phone, computer, indentity information . Name ABT (ŘŘĨw Bracelet Technology) ATC (ŘŘĨw Tablet for Communication) Dimensions 50x30x5 mm 110x50x10 mm / 110x100x5mm -screen made of touchscreen glass and Materials PHOLEDs; -strap made of FOLEDs (flexible and -touch screen glass adjustable) Memory 64GB 128GB Network ŘŘĨw WiMAX ŘŘĨw WiMAX Display PHOLED PHOLED Camera 15 megapixels 20 megapixels Hologram -menu projected on palm by using projector touchable holograms -expansion of the display using holograms; ABT
ATC
TOLED foil Touch
screen
glass
Hologram device ŘŘĨwÌǣEŸǼÌƼsǋǣŸŘĶŘ_ƼǋŸ¯sǣǣÞŸŘĶɠɴǣŸ¯OŸŎŎȖŘÞOǼÞŸŘʰɠÌÞOÌǋe supported on the same networkʰˆ-ŗsǼˆʰÞŘEŸǼÌɠÞǋsĶsǣǣŘ_ɠÞǋs_ŘsǼɠŸǋĨǣʳ Wireless network is possible with the help of WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access). Thus, the people on ŘŘĨw ǋs OŸŘŘsOǼs_ ǼŸ sOÌŸǼÌsǋ ÞŘ ǼÌs ¯ǣǼsǣǼ ɠɴʳ ŘŘĨw WiMAX takes all the forms of telecommunications: -WiMAX broadband internet access -WiMAX cable/satellite TV bypass -WiMAX mobile data/cell phone bypass Using outdoors CPEs (customer premise equipment) and panel antennas we are able to provide fast connection to the internet and 24/7 cable and telephony. WiMAX station is placed at every 20 km. Wired network (LAN-ĶŸOĶ ǋs ŘsǼɠŸǋĨʺ Þǣ Ȗǣs_ ÞŘ Ř_ EsǼɠssŘ ÞŘ_ȖǣǼǋÞsǣ Ř_ ŘŘĨw Government due to its high data swap speed and accuracy of the transfer. Having a short distance, entails a strong security, ensuring that only the network users have access to certain files and applications. NŸŎŎȖŘÞOǼÞŸŘÞŘǣÞ_sŘŘĨwʰEsǼɠssŘǼÌstori, the spheres and the central cylinder is possible with the help of our Asteria Satellite. 120 Ananké Space Settlement
2.4.2. EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION Communications with the outside of the settlement are important from several points of view. ǻÌǋŸȖ¶ÌǼÌsŎʰŘs¯¯sOǼÞɚsOŸĶĶEŸǋǼÞŸŘEsǼɠssŘŘŘĨwǢƼOsǢsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼʰrǋǼÌŘ_ǼÌsŸǼÌsǋǣƼOs
settlements is made. Information exchange, in cultural, economic, political and social terms, is a crucial matter for the existence of space settlements. Also, relationships with celestial bodies, like Moon and Mars, are based on the need of research and exploitation, in advantage for ŘŘĨwǢƼOsǢsǼǼĶsŎent. At last, but not the least, communications with shuttles which come on and leave our settlement assure pleasant and safe traveling in space. Because the signal received from objects in space at a great distance is weak, it is necessary to eliminate natural and artificial obstacles or to improve the transmission-reception methods. Thus, we will have an artificial satellite nams_ǣǼsǋÞƼĶOs_EŸɚsŘŘĨwǼŸ receive the signal, which will be transmitted to an antenna placed on one Ÿ¯ǼÌsOsŘǼǋĶOɴĶÞŘ_sǋ˅ǣEǣsǣʳ The antenna has a diameter of 100 m and a height of 150 m. This signal receiving system (Asteria and the antenna) enhance the received signal strength relative to the galactic noise background, signal represented by far-field electromagnetic radiation. A mean of informing met in all types of communications specified is the Internet. The devices on ŘŘĨw connected to the World Wide Web form a network named A-Net, which is a Metropolitan Area Network. This network is connected with the terrestrial network through a series of special built satellites for receiving and transmitting the Internet signal. Through the Internet is also facilitated the communication between A-Net, the space shuttles and the monitoring stations placed on some celestial bodies. So, these stated networks form the IPN (Interplanetary Internet). Formal external communications are performed in the 3 Control Centers, there also being the headquarters of the National Telecommunication Company AnanĨw. 121 Ananké Space Settlement
2.4.2.1. WITH TERRA Communications with Terra are made through the Internet, telephone and television. Ǌs¶ǋ_ÞŘ¶ǼÌsǼsĶsƼÌŸŘɴʰƼsŸƼĶsŸŘŘŘĨwÌɚs_sɚÞOsǣŸ¯ɚǋÞŸȖǣǣÞʊsǣʰ which work using a micro-SIM card, with which they will be able to make calls on Terra. To improve the communication experience, telephony users may make calls with holograms which can be projected by capable devices to do this. ŷŘsǣȖOÌ_sɚÞOsÞǣǻNʹŘŘĨwǻEĶsǼ¯ŸǋNŸŎŎȖŘÞOǼÞŸŘʺʳ ÝŘǼsǋŎǣŸ¯ǼsĶsɚÞǣÞŸŘŸŘŘŘĨwʰƼȖEĶÞOnd private TV channels belonging to big media groups ǋs EǋŸ_OǣǼs_ʰ sǣƼsOÞĶĶɴ ÞŘǼsǋŘǼÞŸŘĶ OÌŘŘsĶǣʰ ¯ǋŸŎ OŸȖŘǼǋÞsǣ ĶĶ Ÿɚsǋ ǼÌs ɠŸǋĶ_ʳ ÝǼ Þǣ ǼÌs ɚÞsɠsǋ˅ǣ
decision which TV channels to watch, and every media group that wants to broadcast must pay an annually tax starting from 1 million dollars per channel. TV channels are received online, in the A-Net network, and by digital transmission through TV satellites. The spaceships, depending on their purpose, can be tourist shuttles, research shuttles or shuttles ĶŸ_s_ɠÞǼÌǼsǋǋsǣǼǋÞĶŎǼsǋÞĶʳǻÌsǼÞŎsǼEĶsŸ¯ŘŸǋŎĶǣÌȖǼǼĶsǣ˅_sƼǋǼȖǋsǣŘ_ǋǋÞɚĶǣÞǣʲ Tourist shuttles Shuttles with Terra material Day Schedule Departures 11:00 15:00 12:00 16:00 Arrivals 09:00 13:00 10:00 14:00 Evening Schedule Departures 19:00 23:00 20:00 24:00 Arrivals 17:00 21:00 18:00 22:00 Exceptions from this table are represented by the protocol visits, research shuttles and shuttles that urgently carry materials, which are special shuttles. When they announce their departure for ŘŘĨw Ÿǋ ǼÌsÞǋ ǋǋÞɚĶ ŸŘ ǼÌs ǣsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼʰ ǼÌs ŸǼÌsǋ ǣÌȖǼǼĶsǣ ǣOÌs_ȖĶs_ ǼŸ _sƼǋǼ ¯Ÿǋ Ÿǋ ǼŸ ǋǋÞɚs ŸŘ
ŘŘĨw ǋs ŸEĶÞ¶s_ ǼŸ ǋsŎÞŘ ŸŘ ǼÌsÞǋ OȖǋǋsŘǼ ƼŸǣÞǼÞŸŘʳ ǢÌȖǼǼĶsǣ ɠÌÞOÌ Ķǋs_ɴ ǣǼǋǼs_ ǼÌsɴ ¯ĶÞ¶ÌǼ ÞŘ
space are forced to overfly until the special shuttles arrive on the settlement. Other arrivals and departures are postponed, the schedule being delayed as long as needed. 2.4.2.2. WITH SPACESHIPS AND OTHER SPACE STATIONS AND SATELLITES Communications with spaceships are established through Internet and radio waves. Radio waves ǋsÞŘ_ÞǣƼsŘǣEĶsÞŘOŸŎŎȖŘÞOǼÞŸŘǣÞŎÞĶǋǼŸǼÌsˆɠĶĨÞs-ǼĶĨÞsˇƼǋÞŘOÞƼĶs, especially for coordinating arrivals and departures on and from space settlements. Communications with space shuttles are made through telephony and Internet, in a similar way with communications with Terra. 122 Ananké Space Settlement
2.4.2.3. WITH OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES Given the desire of monitoring the environment conditions of celestial bodies with material potential, useful for improving the life quality on the space settlement, we place on them similar antennas with the one on the central cylinder. This antenna has a metallic parabolic reflector, segmented in mobile plates, to facilitate the compaction and expansion of the transmission-reception surface. In order to land on the surface and bind with it, the antenna has a driller at its base. The landing of a monitoring antenna In the case of planets with suitable atmosphere or which have been terraformed, scientific research stations are built. In these stations there are Internet and telephony communication devices. 2.5. SECURITY 2.5.1. EXTERNAL SECURITY MEASURES (or Plan) There are two types of threats against our station: natural and human. In order to protect the station, we developed a series of security methods. The Anankw Station has its own satellite to survey closely the events happening in space. Thus, we know in advance if we are located on the path of any celestial body. Depending on the size of these meteorites, we can use different methods for protection or even exploration. If the meteorite is smaller than pea-size, in the event of an impact, the station will not be affected. 123 Ananké Space Settlement
If the meteorite is smaller than an orange in size, in order to avoid any damage, we will use the robots to protect our station. These robots consist of three layers of plates made of an alloy of stainless steel with Vanadium; each of these plates is 5 square meters. This alloy is strong, so the cosmic bodies mentioned above cannot hit the station. However, in the event of an anticipated impact, the robots receive the exact coordinates of the meteorite from the security camera on board of the station. The robots move around on tracks to the specific part of the station that needs protection; the tracks are located between the plates with photovoltaic cells. For a more efficient protection, the robots, which are initially .5 square meters high, extend their plates up to 1.5 square meters high. At the same time, these robots are specialized in replacing any defective photovoltaic cells. Another method of avoiding the impact with the small meteorites is using the plasma jet. All the moves of the plasma jet, its direction and angle to strike, are coordinated from the control centers. Important Asteroids We have learned that sometimes the things that scare us can be useful. That is why we try to find a quality in everything that surrounds us, a quality which we can explore. We have invented a new method of using asteroids and meteorites. For example, asteroids that contain important metals (such as nickel, iron, natural olivine-silicate of magnesium and iron, basalt- volcanic hard rock composed of magnesium and iron minerals, iridium ˛ very rare on Terra) and even organic molecules are sent to L4 with missiles. After detecting them with a laser, we send a shuttle to anchor the asteroid/meteorite and then change its trajectory gradually. Here they remain in gravitational balance with the Earth-Moon system just like our settlement. This way a new inventory of Anankw is formed for the economic development and at the same time for the expansion in the cosmic space. Though the resources of these asteroids/meteorites do not represent an instant benefit to our settlement, they are the assurance of a permanent evolution. Some ƼsŸƼĶs ɠŸȖĶ_ ǣɴ ˉŗŷʵˇʰ but our wish to expose our free mind is stronger. The inventory is not only a center of harvesting materials, but it is also a very important cultural center for astronauts and biology researchers. The organic chemicals existing in meteorites can lead to the discovery of new life forms. 124 Ananké Space Settlement
The exploration method: BlueDriller send with the rocket. The Solar Protection Anankw(SPA1) This robot replaces the damaged solar panels .It is able to move between the panels with the help of its rails. Ǣƻˠ˅ǣ EŸdy has a storage place where the new solar panels are kept.SPA1 is also used as a shield for incoming meteorites or other orange-sized celestial objects. It has a swinging and rotative mechanism that helps increasing the size and position of the shield. The exterior material used for the shield is aerogel (it lessens the impact of the collision). If the meteorites encountered present any research interest for the development of our station (significant metals, such as), then we will use them. We will send out missiles to guide the meteorite towards La Grange L4, where all celestial bodies remain in a state of gravitational balance within the Earth-Moon system. Thus, we will create an inventory of useful meteorites. Once the meteorite is at this place, we will explore it using the BlueDriller robot. In case we are dealing with super-sized meteorites (heavier than 200 tons), we will use the last method of avoiding the impact: moving the station away using an Apollo rocket engine. In case we are under human attack, we can defend ourselves with rockets, but only as a last resort, in case we cannot reach an armistice. 125 Ananké Space Settlement
2.5.2. INTERNAL SECURITY MEASURES (or Plan) Since all humans on board have undergone a careful selection process we do not suspect any behavioral problems. In terms of individual home security, there are no special systems to lock the doors because of the mutual trust between all the inhabitants on the station. However, each house is equipped with infrared sensors which detect human body heat to let the occupants know someone is near. But as soon as people leave their homes, all electronic appliances are set to turn off automatically so we can avoid wasting electricity or overheating or short-circuiting. The entire station is also equipped with security cameras to survey all activity on board and to ensure that life is unfolding in a normal way. Upon request, we also have such cameras installed in ƼsŸƼĶs˅ǣ ÌŸŎsǣʳ ĶĶ OŎsǋ ǣÌŸǼǣ ǋs ɚÞsɠs_ Ř_ sɮŎÞŘs_ Eɴ ǼÌs ^sƼǋǼŎsŘǼ Ÿ¯ ǢsOȖǋÞǼɴ Ř_
Protection. The department staff is also in charge of watching through these cameras all real-time activities. The staff intervenes only when someone needs help. All inhabitants of the station wear a permanent waterproof bracelet that measures their heartbeat and blood pressure. The bracelet has a button that can be pressed before going to sleep. Once awake, the button needs to be released (reason: heartbeats slow down during sleep). In the surveillance room a special monitor detects any variations in cardiac rhythm. The bracelet also has a button for physical effort. When the person feels ill or sick, he or she can press the Emergency button and get help. On this bracelet a button starts flashing when there is a sudden change in heartbeat or blood pressure. If the button was activated by mistake, the person can deactivate it. If the button was activated correctly, the bracelet will send an emergency message to the control room. 126 Ananké Space Settlement
Anybody can check their vitals on the screen located on the surface of the bracelet, which contains tracking sensors as well. All the information is sent via Bluetooth. To avoid any confusion, the bracelet is equipped with a mini EKG (electro-cardiograph) which records blood pressure variations. There is yet another biochemical apparatus which produces instant perspiration analysis. When the perspiration contains adrenaline, the Emergency button does not activate because the owner of the bracelet is obviously living through a strong emotion. In opposite case, the Emergency button activates and the message is transmitted via Bluetooth to the control room. In turn, the control room sends this emergency message to the hospitals. The patient is transported to the nearest hospital. 2.6. LIFE QUALITY 2.6.1. DAY/NIGHT CYCLES ǻÌs ÞŘÌEÞǼŘǼǣ Ÿ¯ ŘŘĨw ǋs, nonetheless, human beings, thus we are making their environment as similar as the one on Earth. Therefore, by using PHOLEDs (phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes) we provide, in the residential area of the settlement, artificial day/night cycles. By night the PHOLEDs display an imitation of the clear night sky on Earth. This view automatically changes with the time transition of time. For daytime, in the big torus, the lighting comes from the sun, as it is captured with the help of parabolic concentrators. In addition, the PHOLEDs show an image of the sky, with the sun and clouds, as seen from Terra. NATURAL LIGHT For natural lighting of the residential area in the big torus we use optical fibers. On the external surface of the big torus we install among the photovoltaic panels compound parabolic concentrators. These catch and concentrate the solar light and transmit it in the optical fiber connected to them. We develop an optical multimode fiber circuit web inside the internal half of the big torus. The light is spread on all the ceiling recreating the natural environment on the Earth. 127 Ananké Space Settlement
In order to have a permanent supervision of the Space Settlement, the big torus is separated in 3 sections, with a different time zone. There is an 8 hour difference between the sections. To maintain a uniform appearance of the Space Settlement, the separation is made by using holographic walls, which have the same lighting level as the section. 2.6.2.ATHMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE The composition of air on the settlement must be the same as on Earth (as shown in the table below) so it is most suitable for living. At inhabited level the atmosphere pressure is p0=101,325 Pa. It is the optimal pressure in order not to affect human and animal health, so it should always be stable. At the same time the level of CO2 should be no more than 370 ppm, but it is kept under control because of oxygenic photosynthesis and air filtering. However, the composition and levels differ on the small torus (where the agricultural production is located) in order to provide the specific conditions for each type of plant or animal grown. However the holograms that can be seen all over the settlement, the climate is constant, except for the simulators where a variety of environments can be created. 128 Component Nitrogen Quantity (%) 78.084 Oxygen 20.946 Argon 0.934 Carbon Dioxide 0.035 Other gases 0.001 Ananké Space Settlement
ŷǼÌsǋÞŎƼŸǋǼŘǼsŘɚÞǋŸŘŎsŘǼĶƼǋŎsǼsǋǣǋsǼÌsĶsɚsĶŸ¯ÌȖŎÞ_ÞǼɴʹǣÌŸȖĶ_EsĨsƼǼǼ̢ˤ˟̇ʺ
and the temperature (between 230C and 260C). A robot is filtering, sterilizing and freshening the air so it is permanently needed almost everywhere. In addition, there are air-filtering plants indoors. Except for the fact that these plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, they also clean different toxic substances such as benzene, formaldehyde or trichloroethylene. However, these plants may be poisonous for ŘÞŎĶǣŸǋOÌÞĶ_ǋsŘǣŸÞǼ˅ǣÞŎƼŸǋǼŘǼǼŸĨssƼǼÌsŎŸȖǼŸ¯ǼÌsÞǋǋsOÌʳ Plant Environmental contaminants it cleans Benzene Formaldehyde Trichloroethylene Xylene/ Toluene Yes Yes Yes Yes Peace lily (Spathiphyllum 'Mauna Loa') Florist's Chrysanthemum Yes (Chrysanthemum morifolium) Janet Craig dracaena Yes (Dracaena deremensis 'Janet Craig') Weeping Fig No (Ficusbenjamina) Lilyturf No (Liriopespicata) 129 Ananké Space Settlement
Ammonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes 2.6.3. GREEN SPACES Social psychology confirms that most people show a strong attachment, even if sometimes vaguely aware, towards the natural world (forest, mountain, spring, grass, etc.). Biologists have launched the biophilia hypothesis, according with human addiction to the natural world would be extended beyond its concerns regarding the material welfare, aiming at the same time some abyssal significance needs. As public spaces, green spaces contribute to social inclusion increasing by creating opportunities for people of all ages to interact both through informal social contact and participation in community events. They can provide venues for social and cultural events such as festivals, civic celebrations or theater and cinema activities. Green spaces play a significant rolsÞŘƼǋŸŎŸǼÞŘ¶ǼÌsǣsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼ˅ǣƼŸƼȖĶǼÞŸŘÌsĶǼÌʳǻÌsɴOŘ
also provide an opportunity to maintain, however, it is true to a lesser extent, the active lifestyle _ŸƼǼs_ Eɴ ǣsǼǼĶsŎsŘǼ˅ǣ ƼsŸƼĶs ɠÌsŘ ĶÞɚÞŘ¶ ŸŘ rǋǼÌ Eɴ ɠĶĨÞŘ¶ʰ ǋȖŘŘÞŘ¶ʰ sɮsǋOÞǣsʰ EÞĨÞŘ¶ʰ sǼO. Some studies show that the main value of green space stems from their ability to restore the "wellbeing" of people who attend them. Therefore, parks are responsible mainly to human needs for recreation and leisure. Also, green spaces can become, under certain conditions, playgrounds for children, contributing to their physical, mental and social development. They facilitate an appropriate social behavior of children. Green spaces are of special importance from aesthetically point of view, because they will soften the impression of stiffness and dryness of the space station built environment. Creation of green areas within the settlement considerably reduces the psychological impact of work and life in space. They consist of trees, shrubs, colored flowers, lawn and streams with small waterfalls along them. There is a green area in every complex of flats and there are parks and gardens near buildings. After creating the optimal atmosphere for both human beings and animals, robots come to spread treated ground soil on green areas. Then they start planting seeds for trees, grass and shrubs. At first it is necessary to plant as many fast-¶ǋŸɠÞŘ¶ Ǽǋssǣ ǣ ƼŸǣǣÞEĶs ǣŸ ǼÌs ŸȖǼ_ŸŸǋǣ˅ Þǋ EsOŸŎsǣ EǋsǼÌEĶs
(after creating the optimal atmosphere), then other improvements are going to be made so that the green spaces become enjoyable for everyone. The average growth rate of a fast-growing tree per year is up to 6 feet. The soil is treated and the trees are conditioned so as they reach proper heights ˛ no more than 15 feet. Types of trees planted on green spaces: 130 x
Crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) x
Empress tree (Paulownia tomentosa) x
Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) x
Japanese zelkova (Zelkovaserrata) x
Allegheny Serviceberry(Amelanchierlaevis) x
Weeping Cherry (Pendula Plena Rosea) x
American Sycamore (Platanusoccidentalis) x
Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) Ananké Space Settlement
x
Silver Birch (Betulapendula) x
White Oak (Quercus alba) x
White Willow (Salix alba) x
Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) x
Chokecherry (Prunusvirginiana) Types of grass and bushes: x
Common Bent (Agrostiscapillaris) x
Creeping Bent (Agrostisstolonifera) x
Honeysuckle Bush(Lonicera) x
Spicebush (Lindera benzoin) x
Forsythia (Forsythia suspensa) x
Peruvian Lily (Alstroemeria) x
Wind Flower (Anemone) x
Carnation (Dianthus) x
Orchid (Cymbidium) x
Daffodil (Narcissus) x
Freesia x
Gerbera x
Gladiole (Gladiolus) x
Gypsophila (Paniculata) x
Iris x
Peonie (Paeonia) x
Rose Tree (Rhododendron L.) Species of flowers x
Sunflower(Helianthus annuus) x
Violet (Viola) 2.6.4. WATER MANAGEMENT Water is an essential matter of life, so it has a special importance on the station too. The water is collected from many sources established by us (comets, from Ceres, from Europe and from other nearby planets and satellites which we can exploit). 131 Ananké Space Settlement
There are two types of used water: 1) The water that comes out of our home consumption 2) The water that comes out of the industrial consumption The water that comes from home consumption is stored in containers under each building, and when they are almost full, it is taken to irrigate the plants because it is a good method for recycling and efficient because it can be used as a natural fertilizer. The industrial water is taken directly to the industrial areas for filtration. There are two pipes leaving every house ( one with the water from the bathroom and the other one filled with the water from the other sources of water existing in the building). The pipes corresponding to each house link and form one big pipe . All these pipes from every construction in all the sections form a principal pipeline .This duct makes a tour of the settlement and in front of the Temperance sphere it goes through the spokes. Once it gets inside the spehere, where the recycling and purify equipment is, the water goes through many processes. Before reused, water is filtrated many times. It is first evaporated in huge containers and filtered of its impurities trough special filters. This process is repeated several times to be sure that the water is at least 99% pure. Only after these processes the water is put again in use. The impurities left will be compacted and send as garbage. Because of its importance ,we should recycle water in every possible way. There are a series of processes that are used for the purification and replenishment of water. The following processes are used in order to make water potable: 1.Pre - chlorination -for algae control and arresting any biological growth 2.Aeration - for removal of dissolved iron and manganese 3.Coagulation - to improve coagulation and to form thicker floc. It is the destabilization of colloidal particles by the addition of the chemical called coagulant. Adding a coagulant such as aluminium sulfate permits the water to come together to these results in formation of a flocculent mass or floc, which enmeshes aglomerates microoorganisms, suspended particles and colloidal matter. 4.Flocculation is the formation of agglomerates of destabilized colloidal particles(floc) through the addition of a chemical reagent(flocculant) .Inorganic and natural polymers were initially utilized since synthetic flocculants often results in a minimum amount of sludge. For surface water the polymer is usually an anionic one or very slightly cationic; for industrial wastewater a cationic polymer is more effective. When only suspended solids are targeted for removal a synthetic flocculant can be utilized. 5.Floatation is liquid-liquid or solid-liquid separation. It is applied when the density of the particles is less than the density of the liquid in which they are in. 132 Ananké Space Settlement
There are three types of floatation processes: natural, aided,and induced. Natural floatation - when particles float only because they are less dense than water and no aid is provide to improve this process of floatation. Aided floatation - when particles are helped to float much faster by air bubbles that carry the particles to the surface. Induced floatation - when floatation is induced to particles that are not less dense that water, but they have the capability to link up with air bubbles and form particle-gas interaction with a density lower than water. 6.Sedimentation: for removal of suspended solids trapped in the floc; 7. Filtration: for removal of carried over floc; 8.Disinfection: for killing bacteria; 9.Reverse osmosis: for removal of molecules larger than water. 2.6.5. WASTE MANAGEMENT ŘŘĨw ǢƼce Settlement has a continuous recycling system. Nothing is lost, everything is reused. Used materials are collected and transformed into new materials. STRUCTURE OF THE SYSTEM INDOORS WASTE MANAGEMENT For institutes In public buildings, trash cans are places along the corridors and in rooms. The contents are collected ɠÞǼÌǼÌsÌsĶƼŸ¯OĶsŘÞŘ¶ǋŸEŸǼǣOĶĶs_ ˆNĶsŘÞŘ¶ĨssƼsǋˇʳ¯ǼsǋǼÌsǋŸEŸǼOŸĶĶsOǼs_ ǼÌs¶ǋE¶sʰ ÞǼ¶Ÿsǣ ǼŸ
the basement, in the recycling room, then shed into their respective pipes. Using air pumps, the contents are ǼǋŘǣƼŸǋǼs_ÞŘǼÌsŎÞŘǋsOɴOĶÞŘ¶EȖÞĶ_ÞŘ¶ʰƼĶOs_ÞŘǼÌsǣƼÌsǋsǼÌsˆǻsŎƼsǋŘOsˇʳ Trash can ǻÌs ǼǋǣÌ OŘ Þǣ ƼĶOs_ ÞŘ ǼÌs ɠĶĶǣ˅ ǣǼǋȖOǼȖǋsʳ ÝǼ Þǣ Ŏ_s Ÿ¯ polypropylene, a hard but flexible material. The bin has 4 different compartments for paper, plastic, metals and litter. Upon touching a front screen, the certain compartment comes forward. On the bottom of each compartment, there is a platform ǼÌǼƼȖǣÌsǣȖƼǼÌs¶ǋE¶sÞŘǼŸǼÌsǋŸEŸǼ˅ǣOŸŘǼiner. 133 Ananké Space Settlement
ˆNĶsŘÞŘ¶ĨssƼsǋˇʹNħʺǊŷDŷǻ ǻÌsNĶsŘÞŘ¶ĨssƼsǋǋŸEŸǼŎŸɚsǣɠÞǼÌǼÌsÌsĶƼŸ¯ˤɠÌssĶǣŘ_ÞǼOŘǋŸǼǼsˢ˥˟̿ʳÝǼÌǣ˧ǋŎǣʰ
each with a different function. The arms can be used all at once, or separately. The ones that are not needed retreat in the ǋŸEŸǼ˅ǣǣǼǋȖOǼȖǋsʳ In the interior, CK has a mobile part (a container), in which it collects the garbage from the trash cans. Using two arms, the robot takes out the container, puts it on the top of a section from the trash can (paper, metal, plastic, litter) and with the help of the platform, the litter is pushed inside the container. Afterwards, the mobile part is placed back into the robot. 134 Ananké Space Settlement
The robot is used to clean the streets and the interiors of public buildings. Surrounding the wheels is a vacuum cleaner. The arms can take the shape of hands and dust cleaners. Inside the arm there is a thin pipe with disinfectant liquid which is spayed upon the surface. V acuum
cleaner
For homes In personal homes, the trash can has a spherical form and has 4 compartments. When on the ground, the south pole of the sphere expands into a standing leg, which balances it. Upon touched, the respective section opens ÝŘŸǋ_sǋǼŸEssŎƼǼÞs_ʰǼÌsˆǻǋǣÌEĶĶˇÞǣǼĨsŘǼŸǼÌsĨÞǼOÌsŘŘ_ƼĶOs_Þn a special cabinet with a pipe that leads directly to a mini recycling room under the complex. The balls are emptied by using an extraction equipment. Afterwards, the garbage is collected in its 4 separated sections, through a separation ƼÞƼsɠÌÞOÌ¶ŸsǣǼŸǼÌsŎÞŘǋsOɴOĶÞŘ¶EȖÞĶ_ÞŘ¶ʰÞŘǼÌsˆǻsŎƼsǋŘOsˇʳ TRASHBALL Standing leg 135 Ananké Space Settlement
OUTDOORS WASTE MANAGEMENT Along the streets and avenues of the big torus, there are several trash cans that use the same mechanism as the ones in public buildings. These are placed within the ground and they elevate upon being pressed on its touch screen display. MAIN RECYCLING BUILDING ǻÌsǋsOɴOĶÞŘ¶ǣɴǣǼsŎÞǣǼÌsǣsOŸŘ_ÌĶ¯Ÿ¯ǼÌsˆǻsŎƼsǋŘOsˇʹǣƼÌsǋsʺʳĶĶǼÌsǋsOɴOĶÞŘ¶ŸƼsǋǼÞŸŘǣ
take place in there. Biodegradable litter: The processes of pyrolysis and gasification represent the thermal decomposition of organic materials by exposing it to high temperatures and low amount of oxygen. In this way, biomass is converted to non-combustible gases (CO2, H2O, N2), and combustible gases (CO, CH4, H2, C2H6). The CO2 is especially stored and used by the plants for photosynthesis. Paper: In the recycling sphere, there is a paper recycling plant, where the paper undergoes processes of pulping and washing. Non-biodegradable materials are recycled through the process of Thermal Depolymerization. Thus, complex organic molecules are simplified by using high pressure and heat. 136 Ananké Space Settlement
3.
COSTS Layers of the space settlement $ 94,874,511,128 Stratification $ 142,970,464,326 Houses construction $ 26,615,414,250 Institutions construction $ 36,189,768,243 Agriculture Cultivation $ 349,004,652 Livestock $ 34,078,624,641 Infrastructure $ 16,017,906,282 Methods of transportation $ 27,942,148,321 Environmental features $ 12,646,316,725 Communication features $ 53,387,457,216 TOTAL $ 445,071,615,789 BIBLIOGRAPHY x Cover Photos: 137 Ananké Space Settlement
http://tozzie.deviantart.com/art/space-9015188?q=boost%3Apopular%20space&qo=8 x
Script: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juma_Ikangaa/ 1.2. Materials Used: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars 1.3. Construction Stages: http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilizarea_hidrogenului#Combustibil_pentru_rachete The Case for Mars, Robert Zubrin, Touchstone, 1996 2. INTERNAL STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION 2.1. Organization 2.1.1. Big Torus 2.1.1.1. Residential Area Stratification 2.1.1.2. Transport Infrastructure 2.1.1.3. Territorial and Functional Sections 2.1.2. Small Torus 2.1.2.1. Stratification 2.1.3. The Spheres 2.1.3.1. The Star 2.1.3.2 Temperance 2.1.3.3. The Empress 2.1.4. Central Cylinder 2.2. Social Organization 2.2.1. Population 2.2.2. Culture and Entertainment http://www.worldthinktank.net/pdfs/holographictechnologies.pdf/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holography http://www.popsci.com/entertainment-amp-gaming/article/2009-08/tokyo-scientists-create-
touchable-hologram http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-touchable-hologram.html 2.2.3. Sports http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health-information/directory/b/benefits-of-exercise/ http://www.natgeo.ro/dezbateri-globale/omul-si-viata/9186-natura-e-constructal/ 2.2.4. Public Institutions 2.2.4.1. Educational System 2.2.4.2. Health System http://www.bioness.com/ http://www.celule-stem.eu/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_education_in_the_United_States#Fellowship http://ambulantadiacena.ro/ambulanta/dotare-ambulanta/dotare-minima/dotare-
ambulante/ambulante-tip-c/ambulanta http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/health-services-guide/hospital-departments.htm http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_phy_per_1000_peo-physicians-per-1-000-people 2.2.5. Government System http://www.succesulpersonal.ro/sp/index.php?p=comunicare&art=9/ 138 Ananké Space Settlement
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Totalitarism/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy/ http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_of_government http://prospect.rsc.org/blogs/cw/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/fingerprint.jpg http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showuser=6695 2.2.6. Tourism 2.3. Economic Organization 2.3.1. Agriculture http://www.zooland.ro/Vacile_din_rasa_Holstein-6649.html http://www.anarz.eu/AnarzAdministratorSite/CMSContent/Strategie%20carne%20bovine%202009%
20[Compatibility%20Mode].pdf http://www.revista-ferma.ro http://www.hhydro.com http://www.profituri.ro/cresterea-pasarilor.htm http://www.scritube.com/management/Cresterea-pasarilor941514145.php http://www.semplant.ro/spanac.html http://www.profituri.ro/Producerea-rasadurilor-legume.htm http://www.scribd.com/doc/25224359/Legumicultura-Curs http://www.scribd.com/doc/40169376/Important-A-Legumelor-Salata-Spanac-Morcov-Si-Varza http://www.scribd.com/doc/48480835/23/Cultura-ridichilor-de-lun%C4%83 http://www.agricool.ro/ceapa.html http://www.hydroponics.eu/hydroponics-c-23?gclid=COWKzKmY4q4CFQdG3wodwV87YQ http://www.tech.plym.ac.uk/sme/FailureCases/Natural_Structures/Synthetic_spider_silk.pdf 2.3.2. Industry 2.3.2.1. Textile Industry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothing/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercolor/ http://www.coolest-gadgets.com/20060509/clothes-that-change-color/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuco_dye/ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Emu_spacesuit_control_module.jpg/ http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/spacesuit.html/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extravehicular_Mobility_Unit#Images/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_suit http://www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk/sustainability/projects/mass/uk_textiles.pdf/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ananke_by_Platone.jpg/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flax/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp#Fiber/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spandex/ 2.3.2.2. Pharmaceutical Industry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry http://www.liveandfeel.com/ 139 Ananké Space Settlement
http://www.liveandfeel.com/medicinalplants.html http://www.thepigsite.com/pighealth/article/77/types-of-medicine-and-their-application 2.3.2.3. Chemical Industry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_industry 2.3.2.4. Building Materials and Metallurgical Industry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_material http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalworking 2.3.2.5. Food Industry http://calorii.oneden.com/ http://www.sanatateata.com/gastronomie/continutul-in-vitamine-si-minerale-al-alimentelor.htm http://www.bioterapi.ro http://www.medicina-naturista.ro/terapii-naturiste/vitaminoterapia/vitaminele-si-sarurile-
minerale.html 2.3.2.6. Machines and Robots Builder Industry 2.3.2.7. Diamonds Industry http://www.horologivm.ro/totul-despre-diamante.html http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamant http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_diamond http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_diamond 2.3.2.8. Energetic Industry http://www.about-solarenergy.com/how-does-solar-energy-work/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy 2.3.2.9. Other Industries 2.3.3. Transport http://dsc.discovery.com/tags/concept-cars/ http://www.idevice.ro/2012/02/19/un-nou-tip-material-transforma-tapiteria-unei-masini-intr-un-
touchscreen/ http://weburbanist.com/2009/03/03/futuristic-strange-concept-bicycles-designs http://www.webdesigncore.com/2011/12/15/12-most-innovative-bus-stop-concepts http://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=105891 2.3.4. Economy and finance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(economics) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(economics) 2.4. Communications 2.4.1. Internal Communications http://www.trendhunter.com/ http://www.universaldisplay.com 2.4.2. External Communications http://www.answers.com/topic/space-communication http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_Internet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication 140 Ananké Space Settlement
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_space_segment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_satellite 2.5. Security http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid/ 2.6. Life Quality http://landscaping.about.com/ http://www.ehow.com/ Wilson, E., Biophilia, Harvard University Press, 1984. http://www.birdsandblooms.com/ http://forestry.about.com/ http://www.revistacalitateavietii.ro/ http://www.theflowerexpert.com/ http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_does_color_affect_temperature/ http://independent.academia.edu/RudySookbirsingh/Papers/133580/Water_Recycling_Methods/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind/ http://www.urbanindia.nic.in/ http://www.trendhunter.com/ 141 Ananké Space Settlement

NASA Space Settlement Contest

Transcrição

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