RETURN and IMPACT

Transcrição

RETURN and IMPACT

Ve r e i n f ü r O pf e r vo n G ewa l t u n d M e n s c h e n r e c ht sve r l et zu n g e n
O r g a n i z at i o n f o r V i c t i m s of V i o l e n c e a n d H u m a n R i g ht s V i o l at i o n s
Return and Impact – The Voice of Stakeholders and Returnees
Conference Report
Expert Conference
RETURN and IMPACT
The Challenge of Good Practice in International
Return Programmes to Kosovo
Friday, 17th- Sunday 19th October 2008
Hotel Grand - Prishtina, Kosovo
OMEGA GESUNDHEITSSTELLE / HEALTH CARE CENTER GRAZ
Albert-Schweitzer-Gasse 22, A-8020 Graz
Telefon: +43 / 316 / 77 35 54 | Fax:+43 / 77 35 54 –4 | [email protected] | www.omega-graz.at
Expert Conference RETURN and IMPACT. The Challenge of Good Practice in International
CONFERENCE REPORT
Return Programmes to Kosovo | Friday, 17th - Sunday 19th October 2008
Expert Conference
RETURN and IMPACT
The Challenge of Good Practice in International
Return Programmes to Kosovo
Project Partners:
OMEGA- Health Care Centre, Graz, Austria
International Medical Program, Linköping, Sweden
Slovene Philanthropy, Ljubjlana, Slovenia
Operational Partners:
IOM Pristina, Kosovo
QPEA – Center for the Promotion of Education, Ferizaj, Kosovo
Financial Partners:
EU-Commission, Freedom Security and Justice, The Return Fund
Land Steiermark, Social Department, Deputy Governor Dr. Kurt Flecker
Conference presentations are ready for download:
http://www.omega-graz.at/projects/return_impact/
| | OMEGA HEALTH CARE CENTER GRAZ 2009
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CONFERENCE REPORT
Int r o duc t ion
“Before the war a mother came to visit me, crying, saying that her only son and his family had decided to emigrate. I was trying to calm her down, explaining, that Kosovo would be unsafe and this was
why he wanted to leave the country. Now, after the war, the same mother came to me again, crying,
saying that her son and his family would be returned to Kosovo and that she did not know what he
would do here in Kosovo.”
The successful return and reintegration of former refugees is a challenge that needs combined
forces, governments and NGOs working together side by side to achieve one goal – the sustainable repatriation of former refugees to their homeland including their reintegration into society.. The
return in dignity is the last lag of a long and difficult journey that begins with war, conflict and fear.
But the reintegration into the former environment is a challenge for all parties involved in the process and involves a fair amount of endurance. Many questions are raised: What was achieved? If not
enough, how can our support be more efficient in upcoming years and programmes? This conference
was aimed to answer some of those questions. It was aimed to bring together various experts involved in Return programmes, to give us a chance to share information and expertise to learn from
each other’s experience and eventually evaluate our own work and efforts.
Return and Impact – The voice of Stakeholders and Returnees
The conference held in the Hotel Grand in Pristina was an important activity of our EU- project
“Return and Impact- The Voice of Stakeholders and Returnees” carried out by OMEGA Health Care
Centre as contract holder in cooperation with our international partners the International Medical
Program (IMP), Slovene Philanthropy since August 2007.
Other activities carried out beforehand were the evaluation of two return programmes, the Styrian
Return Program for refugees who had fled to Styria, Austria as well as the Swedish Medical Evacuation Program evaluated by the International Medical Program IMP. Both teams, IMP and OMEGA, went
to Kosovo in February/March 2008 to conduct interviews with former returnees and patients, the
outcome of which can be viewed in the respective conference presentations featured in this report.
OMEGA HEALTH CARE CENTER GRAZ 2009
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CONFERENCE REPORT
A further important objective of the project was the setting up of a network of experts involved in
return programmes and activities all over world and especially in the Balkan region; this network was
built up by our partner organisation, the Slovene Philanthropy, and today consists of a comprehensive list of involved organisations and network partners.
Expert Conference on Return in Pristina
The choice of location was easy, as Pristina is home to and headquarter of many local, national,
regional and international organisations and institutions and as the capital of the newborn country it
the place where politics are made. For some of our participants it was their first time to Kosovo and
Pristina, so that the liveliness of Kosovo’s largest city was also their first impression of Kosovo. A
total of 48 participants from more than 20 organisations and nine different countries participated, including 18 key speakers, who gave presentations on models of good practice for return programmes,
focussing on the reintegration into society, employment and schooling and on the specific situation of
returnees’ children in today’s society in Kosovo. One of the results of the expert conference was a list
of recommendations on how to improve return efforts and programmes which we will be communicating in our own work and to those political stakeholders who can make a difference.
As funding is a difficult key-element in most projects, we only had one full and two half days to fit in
all the topics we wanted to discuss, which resulted in a tight schedule intensive work. The spirit of
commitment was ever present and resulted in further work over dinner and reaching out to our international colleagues thus strengthening the network, as essential part of our conference. We therefore hope that the report of the conference, with the list of participants included will help participants
to refresh ideas from our working sessions and get in touch with others.
Special thanks goes to the team of QPEA Ferizaj, and here Ramush Lekaj and Arlinda Jusufi who
helped us organising the conference and who were always there to help us out with good ideas on
the spot.
We especially appreciate the efforts made and support provided by IOM Pristina and here Ruhije Beganovic and her team, who helped us with logistics and setting up a mobile office and who were nice
and flexible enough to not hang up on us when we called late at night with still more requests.
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CONFERENCE REPORT
EXPERT CONFERENCE
R E TUR N and IMPAC T
The Challenge of Good Practice
in International Return Programmes to Kosovo
Conference Program
Day 1
Day 1, Friday 17.10.2008
Afternoon
Arrival of participants
17.00 –19.00
Joint Dinner and registration of participants
19:00- 19:30
Emir Kuljuh- Opening of the Conference
Welcome address and Introduction of the conference: purpose, aims, working
methods
19.30- 20:15
Violeta Berisha
Senior Professional Officer for Readmission & RepatriationMinistry of Internal
Affairs Kosovo: department of border, asylum and migration, KOSOVO
Opening lecture
20.15-21.00
Ambaoumba Mbili
Senior Programme officer
UNHCR Prishtina, KOSOVO
the challenges of assistence in voluntary return programmes
Day 2
Saturday 18.10.2008 - Morning session
9.00-13.15
Lectures and discussion:
9.00- 9.45
Ann Guthmiller
National Medical Officer, IOM Prishtina, KOSOVO
“There’s no Place like Home – Assessing the Impact and the Costs of Assisted
Voluntary Return”
9.45- 10.30
Günther Bauer; Fatmire Maloku
Head of the Styrian refugee office
Styrian provincial government, AUSTRIAThe Styrian Approach: Return, Reconstruction and
Support
10.30-11.00
Coffee break
11.00-11.45
Michaela Handke, Nicola Baloch
OMEGA- Health Care Centre, AUSTRIA
Return and Impact to Kosovo, an Evaluation Report
CONFERENCE REPORT
Saturday 18.10.2008 - Morning session
11.45-12.30
Yngve Torberntsson
International Medical Program, SWEDEN
Follow- up of Swedish Medevac project- Interviews of repatriated patients and
their families
12.30-13.00
Franci Zlatar
Slovene Philanthropy, SLOVENIA
Return of Separated Children to Kosovo
13.00- 13.30
Anica Mikus
KosSlovene Philanthropy, SLOVENIA
Retraumatisation in Reintegration
13.30-15.00
Lunch break
Day 2, Saturday 18.10.2008 - Afternoon session
15.00- 19.00
Lectures and discussion:
15.00- 15.40
Michael Possmayer
Danish Red Cross, DENMARK/ KOSOVO
15.40- 16.20
Ewa Jonsson
Swedish Red Cross, SWEDEN
Network for Return: Experiences, Findings and Recommendations and European Red Cross Return Initiative (ERCRI)
16.20-17.00
Ramush Lekaj
Director of the Center for the Promotion of Education- QPEA, KOSOVOThe Magura Modell
17.00-17.30
Tea time
17.30-18.10
Arsim Blaku
APPK, GERMANY / KOSOVO
Job integration of Returnees
18.10- 18.50
Claire Poteaux and Gregoire Crettaz
IOM Bern/ Swiss Migration Attache Office, SWITZERLAND/ KOSOVOAssisted
voluntary return from Switzerland to the Western Balkans
18.50- 19.30
Lulezim Bucolli
Balkan Sunflowers, KOSOVO
Community Based Education and Sense of Belonging
19:30- 20:30
Joint Dinner
Day 3
Day 3, Sun., 18.10.2008
9:00-11:00
Group Work I +II
Good practice in the Implementation of Return ProgrammesThe challenge of Reintegration and Social Reconstruction
11:00- 12:00
Recommendations and Conclusio
12:00-13:00
Closing of conference/ Lunch
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CONFERENCE REPORT
Opening of the Conference
Opening Speech
EMIR KULJUH, OMEGA; GRAZ, AUSTRIA
“Good evening and welcome to the Republic of Kosovo. I am very thankful to have the chance to be
here and speak here and to have been able to organise this conference with my team from OMEGA.
During this conference we will talk about return, strategies, problems and the resources that we will
need to make the return process easier and more efficient. […]
I would therefore like to greet you on behalf of OMEGA and on behalf of our partner organisations. I
thank you for coming here to talk with us about these very important issues and topics […]. I would
like to especially greet Mr. Ismet Hashani from the Kosovo Ministry of “Return and Communities” and
Mrs. Violeta Berisha from the Department of Border, Asylum and Migration in the Kosovo Ministry of
Internal Affairs. […] I would like to also greet all the people who have helped to finance this project,
especially the Styrian government, and here Deputy Governor Dr. Kurt Flecker and the European
Commission respectively the “Department of Freedom Security and Justice”.
Today will be a general introduction to the topic, tomorrow we will be talking about Good practice
of return and reintegration. […] On Sunday, which is the closing day of the conference, we will be
working in groups on selected topics concerning the support provided by hosting countries and the
needs and support of the local society that is readopting its members.”
Opening Speech
ISMET HASHANI, MINISTRY OF RETURN AND COMMUNITIES, PRISHTINA, KOSOVO
I would like to say that I feel privileged to be here. On behalf of the ministry I would like to greet the
participants and the organisers. I have no doubt that in this conference we will be having outstanding
outputs regarding return and reintegration and regarding other components related to this processes
in Kosovo and other countries.
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It has been our duty since the declaration of independence of Kosovo to take care of the displaced
people, give them back their political rights and respect their basic human rights. […] If we respect
the rights of the communities, this means that we respect our own rights as well as ourselves.
Introductory key speaker
VIOLETA BERISHA, DEPARTMENT OF BORDER, ASYLUM AND MIGRATION OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS; PRISHTINA, KOSOVO
“I would like to greet all of you and thank Omega for organising the conference. My department was
opened in August 2006 so it is quite young. It deals with readmission, reintegration, return and all
the processes that are related to it. […] We have taken over the organisation of readmission from
UNMIK on January 1st 2008. We also deal with verification requests from hosting countries and very
often we need to cooperate with other departments. We would like to thank the Return Office of
UNMIK, because they have done a good job and they have helped us through many a crises we have
had in and around Kosovo. […]
Talking about readmission is a sensitive issue, as we are talking about human rights, families and
children who have been born in the host countries and now come back to Kosovo. We also had to
adopt many new policies, as for unaccompanied children, and luckily these are only rare cases. We
have to respect international laws, the UNICEF Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Human
Rights Convention, the UN Convention against Torture and others. Concerning the readmission and
reintegration of families and children, it has to be said that their status is very often not clear in their
hosting country […]Many times we talk about forced return if I may say so and it is especially hard to
help those people to reintegrate. Also so far only little has generally been done for the reintegration
of returnees into society. It has to be stated though that we have received so far over 3000 cases of
request for readmission and we have worked on more than 80% on them, including official statistics
of those having returned to Kosovo. Until the end of 2008 we await a total number of 5000 people
applying for readmission. […]”
Questions:
How much do you do on informing citizens, how can you help them to have access to information,
what are your duties on this topic?
All hosting countries have our data and they can talk to us if they need further documents or information.
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CONFERENCE REPORT
What has been done to integrate people in everyday life? Do you have statistics on this?
I have talked about readmission, but I have to say that little or nothing has been done to integrate
people in everyday life.
What if you come across information about vulnerable people that makes you think that they will be
difficult to integrate- say Roma - do you contact the host country to make sure they are not going to
be returned forcefully?
I have expected this question: the UNMIK office is dealing with this specific process of readmission
of people whose safety is threatened in Kosovo; we share this information with UNMIK and the host
countries. Since competences have been handed over to the Kosovo government, the government
has been planning to establish an agreement with hosting countries not to send these people back.
[…] In the application for readmission, people do not state their ethnic origin but only state that they
are Kosovar.
Introductory keynote speaker
AMBAOUMBA MBILI, UNHCR PRISHTINA; KOSOVO
“Return: Practices and Challenges”
“My speech will be focused on voluntary return of displaced persons.[…] The UNHCR has offices in
Gjilan, Mitrovicë, Pejë. Prishtina and Prizren. […] I would also like to clarify the terms IDP (Internally
Displaced Persons) and refugees because there is a slight difference. In Kosovo we focus on IDP and
people at risk of statelessness. […] We work together with international and national NGOs and our
work is to facilitate the support and necessary conditions people need to reintegrate.
For this we need to work together with the government of the host country, and we strengthen the
capacity of the local government, also in terms of material support and in terms of protection. We
also work together with the civil society. We are mainly involved in protection, to make sure that
peoples’ rights are not violated. […] Our work is now at end and we are handing over the responsibility to the local government. […] Our key principle for support is that the return has to be voluntary, in
safety and in dignity. Returnees they have the right to settle at their former place or resettle somewhere else, but no one should tell them where to return to. […] Sustainability in Kosovo is a challenge
and when you design a return program you need to consider the profile of the people you design it
for. The gender should be considered and no difference should be made between different returnees,
whether their return is voluntary, non-voluntary, spontaneous etc. […] Establishing a profile of IDPs
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is difficult, as we do not know about the refugees in Serbia, Macedonia etc. In each return program
there is need for early planning and working together and to make sure that people can discuss their
issues about their return with UNHCR and others. In this approach we stay pragmatic and flexible.
[…] We facilitate dialogue within the communities, provide information and make sure people can
return in safety and dignity. But there are challenges for our work, as Kosovo is a highly politicised
environment and has only limited capacities and data. […] We have the possibility to take into consideration both – the perspectives of the host and the home country which proves to be very useful
for us.”
Questions:
About an IOM Prishtina project funded by UNMIK: asylum seekers, how many people applied for asylum in Kosovo in 2008 and is there any way to assist them?
There are only a few so far, we have been working with Kosovo government in order for them to have
a strategy for asylum seekers.
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Day 2
Lectures and discussions
ANN GUTHMILLER, IOM PRISHTINA, KOSOVO
“There’s no Place like Home – Assessing the Impact and the Costs of Assisted Voluntary Return”
IOM Pristina has 73 staff members spread over 7 offices throughout Kosovo: Prizren, Zvecan, Vushtrri, Gllogoc, Peja, Mitrovica and the head office in Pristina with 55 staff members. The support of
IOM in general is based on the Assisted Voluntary Return and Assistance Programmes, including
return from the western Balkans, UK, Belgium, Luxembourg, Austria, Italy and Germany. Their work
also includes employment Assistance Services for returnees from Switzerland. In addition to this IOM
provides transport and direct assistance through their Kosovo Humanitarian Return Programme. One
major focus of their work is the direct and immediate assistance when the returnees arrive in Kosovo, providing information, airport assistance, special assistance for medical cases and onward transportation to the returnees’ final destinations. Furthermore IOM focuses on reintegration into civil
society and employment, also providing individual counselling according to the returnee’s individual
skills and background. As the sustainability of reintegration is one major topic in the work of IOM Pristina, their reintegration (assistance) services also include referrals to skills upgrade training, small
micro enterprise management training, provision of salary subsidies for on-the-job training, referral
to existing job opportunities and the provision of technical and financial assistance for small business
development, with monitoring and evaluation visits included. As Ann Guthmiller from IOM Pristina
has pointed out, assisted return minimizes the costs of what would otherwise be the consequences
of return without assistance (irregular migration, health consequences for the returnee and public
health and the pressure on an overburdened economy). IOM Pristina aims at rebuilding lives.
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CONFERENCE REPORT
GÜNTHER BAUER, FATMIRE MALOKU; STYRIAN PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT, AUSTRIA
“Returning – Rebuilding – Contributing. The Kosova project of Styria”
The support for war affected people in and from Kosovo by the Styrian provincial government under
the head of then Provincial Social Councillor Dr. Kurt Flecker included two projects: the hosting of
refugees in Styria, with providing for them during their stay in Austria and their eventual return and
the building of houses in some of the regions/ villages in Kosovo which were mostly affected by the
consequences and atrocities of war. In Styria the government officials worked together with local
NGOs, soldiers, medical institutions and with other civil representative authorities to optimise the
welcome and care for the arriving refugees. The refugees were picked up at the airport and were
provided immediate psychological and medical help as well as information and shelter. Mr. Bauer
stressed the fact that many people back in the refugee camps in Macedonia had been misinformed
about Austria and Austrian help and thus many feared they would not be allowed to stay in Austria if
their medical condition was not well enough, leading to stress and fear, which could only be erased
by very personal and intimate individual counselling by Kosovar students. Mr. Bauer also emphasised
the importance of the help of those 50 students who volunteered to translate and assist officials.
Many of them volunteered to spend their free time with the refugees families, providing them with a
feeling of security as they could talk openly in their mother tongue. The return was organized with
the help of IOM Vienna, after the individual situation of each family was noted and considered, pictures of the destroyed houses were taken, granting each returnee financial support and construction
material. The return and the rebuilding of the houses in the affected villages of the Vushtri region
were supported and monitored not only by the Styrian government officials but also by local partners. Mr. Bauer emphasized the value and importance of reliable partners, who constitute the essential part of any successful rebuilding project.
Questions:
Were there any tensions between those people that got a wooden house and those that got a brick
house?
People who went back at the earliest possible time were not jealous because they knew if they went
back first they would receive a wooden house, because there were no bricks available.
What kind of programs do you have for returnee children, for those that have lived in the host country for many years. I have seen things from a different perspective , as I work as a teacher in Kosovo, and when the children returned it was psychologically difficult for them to adapt again and many
times retraumatization is the consequence What kind of programmes do you have or do you want to
set up for preparing the families emotionally? The children coming back speak French, German… but
they do not speak Albanian.
It is the law in Austria, that all children should have lessons in their mother tongue and in those
schools were there is a sufficient amount of Albanian-speaking children a mother-tongue teacher is
employed. All governments in Austria are aware that this is a difficult issue for all returnees. We are
right now talking with other provincial governments in Austria to launch new return projects, which
will have to be a mixture between economic and financial assistance and social integration including
psychological care.
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CONFERENCE REPORT
EMIR KULJUH, NICOLA BALOCH, MICHAELA HANDKE (OMEGA; GRAZ, AUSTRIA)
“Return and Impact- The voice of Stakeholders and Returnees, an Evaluation
Report”
The overall goal of this sub-project within the framework of the main project “Return and Impact”
was to evaluate the Styrian return program, which was presented by Günther Bauer from the Styrian
government. The OMEGA team therefore in February/March 2008 conducted 10 interviews with stakeholders in Austria and Kosovo who were involved in the return program shortly after the end of the
war. Furthermore the team also conducted 33 interviews in 9 families who had returned to Kosovo
through the program. OMEGA also wrote a special report on the specific situation of children within
the return process, as the experiences they had did not fit the prepared questionnaire but where
seen as equally valuable for the evaluation of the program. In addition to this and upon request from
the Styrian government the team from OMEGA also interviewed 31 families who received a house
through another program, which was also presented by Mr. Bauer, to find out about their specific
integration progress and the role their new houses had played in it. The overall impression through
these interviews was the desperation of the situation that some families still find themselves in, even
though the return program as well as the house-building program can be regarded as successful and
as examples of good practise. The outcome of the evaluation of both programmes are stated in detail
in a report which will be available for download on the OMEGA website.
YNGVE TOBERNTSSON (INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL PROGRAM, LINGKÖPING, SWEDEN)
“Follow-up the Swedish Medical Evacuation Program –
Interviewing patients in their home environment”
The Swedish Medical Evacuation Program (SMP) (2000-2008) is the second in a row of medical programs carried out by the International Medical Program; head of the organisation is the medical doctor Åke Björn. The first program was launched as early as 1995 in Bosnia (until 2008) and in Palestine
(2001-2002). Since 1995 over 3750 patients from Bosnia and Kosovo have been treated, of which
187 have been evacuated for treatment to Sweden. Overall 110 Swedish medical professional were
involved. In addition 154 health professionals from the Balkan region were invited for a professional
training in Sweden. In addition to the medical treatment of the patients psychological and psychosocial aspects of the treatment and the reintegration of patients who had returned from Sweden had
been considered and taken care of by SMP. Follow up interviews therefore also played an important
role within the program. The families were visited in 2000, 2002 and 2008, with the focus on the
interviews in 2008 based on the following two topics: How did family members in Kosovo experience
the return of the family member who had been in Sweden for medical treatment? How did the patients themselves experience their return to Kosovo? Focus was therefore also laid on the evaluation of
the Medical Evacuation Program.
FRANCI ZLATAR, SLOVENE PHILANTHROPY; LJUBLJANA; EXPERT NETWORK
ON RETURN
“Returning of Separated Children to their country of origin”
Franci Zlatar and Slovene Philanthropy as a project partner of OMEGA was responsible for setting up
an expert-network which will help organisations involved in return programs especially in the Balkan
region and in Kosovo to find other experts for information exchange, support and networking. This
task was more difficult than expected as many organisations contacted did not respond, so the con-
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CONFERENCE REPORT
ference is of special value concerning the establishing and extension of the expert-network.
In a second part Mr. Zlatar talked about the work of Slovene Philanthropy concerning unaccompanied minors, who flee their country due to poverty, armed conflicts or fear of personal persecution.
Slovene Philanthropy has been engaged in taking care of those children since 1994 and is the national co-ordinator for the Separated Children in Europe Program and the only organisation in Slovenia involved in dealing with refugees who are under the age of 18. Mr Zlatar also stressed that the
benevolence of the child must be considered first of all and during all phases of return, also considering that children have specific needs and a specific perspective that have to be taken into account,
varying to those of adults, like the lengths of time the child was absent from the home country, age
etc. Slovene Philanthropy thus provides these children not only with information and listens to them
but also accompanies them every step of the return process. Mr. Zlatar is concerned though that the
Slovenian government often hesitates to allow minors to stay, as Slovenia in many cases is seen only
as the country of entrance to other European Union countries.
Questions:
I am sorry to hear that the rights of children in Slovenia are not as respected as they should be. […]
Also I am sorry to hear that your organization and others do not have access to these children in the
detention centres. This is not only the case in Slovenia but also in other countries. Also in Kosovo it
is not unusual to send away children to earn money for the family. I do not have any solution for this
problem, but we can work on an international level and maybe find a solution together.
We try to lobby and make the government listen to us, but there is not always positive response from
the government, partly because Slovenia is not the children’s final destination.
I have to stress though that the country the children first set foot on is the one responsible for
them.
In Switzerland we have cases like these too. I like that in your presentation you showed the reality,
and whether we like it or not- it is like this. In Switzerland or Slovenia or other counties, there are
always gaps in the system and we have to work hard to get as close to the standards as possible.
I would like to know what was the children’s goal or final destination coming to Slovenia? It is often
trafficking or do they come by themselves?
There is not so much trafficking, but rather the children have relatives in, say, Italy and want to go
there for work as their final destination entering through Slovenia.
What about those that are victims of trafficking? Do you return them or integrate them?
There are special organizations dealing with children that are suspected to be victims of trafficking.
They receive shelter in Slovenia; but also we do not know of any cases from Kosovo.
ANICA MIKUŠ-KOS, SLOVENE PHILANTHROPY; LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA
“The psychological and psychosocial situation of returnee children and
youth”
Anica Mikuš-Kos in her presentation emphasized the very difficult situation children find themselves
in upon return and during their (re)integration into Kosovo society. There is the primary source of
traumatization through the (armed) conflict, later living as a refugee in a foreign country, very often
feeling unwanted and humiliated. Return in this sense causes re-traumatization as the children upon
arrival in the home country meet practical and emotional difficulties, especially those that have
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already been born in the host country: language barriers, no electricity or water or other adaptation
to lower standards of living, adaptation in school etc. Many are made to feel guilty by others as their
families had left the country and fled the conflict whilst others had stayed and fought for their homeland. Many are also disappointed to get back to a free country they imagined would be different. In
many cases the children also meet with the facts and places of atrocities they had managed to forget
or they had not known about, which also causes new trauma. Furthermore the family ties and relationships within the family, which under normal circumstances would be a support network, have
changed through the traumatization of some or all family members. Mrs. Mikuš-Kos stresses that
the positive impact of psychiatrists and psychologists is small and individual, so that we need other
means of transporting psycho-sociological help. One of the solutions she offers is the training of
teachers as mediators in this process, strengthening the role of the schools, as they are the most valuable medium through which it is possible to reach out to parents and children alike, covering wider
geographical areas and creating a broader sphere of influence. She thinks that this conference will be
another organ for the promotion of psycho-social help for traumatized children through school.
MICHAEL POSSMAYER, DANISH REFUGEE COUNCIL (DRC); PRISTINA, DENMARK-KOSOVO
“NGO Assisted Mandatory Return Management”
The Danish Refugee Council- DRC operating in 30 countries in Europe, Asia and Africa provides assistance for returnees, information, medical and psychosocial support as well as reintegration measures. For the DRC it is important to stress that concerning return the DRC is not a party to the use
of force, with mandatory return being the preferable non-voluntary option. Mr. Possmayer explained
the concerns and considerations considering the assistance in a non-voluntary return process, including pro and contra, as for example “the right of governments to return rejected asylum seekers”
vs. possibly “legitimising forced return?”. In assisting returnees the DRC uses the following guidelines among others: the sustainability of return with positive incentives rather than sanctions, holistic
approach, respect of human rights and reintegration as well as monitoring. The DRC’s success factor
in their work with refugees are among others the emphasis on pre-departure counselling and information (“Go and See”), long-term support and monitoring and a report with “Recommendations for
the Return and Reintegration of Rejected Asylum Seekers – Lessons Learned from Returns to Kosovo”
(see also www.dr.dk). In assisting returnees the DRC is also taking the challenge to initiate dialogue
between governments and to contribute to the capacity building in Kosovo.
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Questions:
You talked about two types of return: voluntary and not voluntary return. I want to know about those
that return voluntarily: a.) How do they decide that they want to come back? B.) what are your strategies in assisting them in their decision making?
This is a very important question. We are quite successfully assisting those, for example Roma in
Serbia, Macedonia etc. that have made the truly voluntary decision to return, to come back. We have
information for those wanting to return from Denmark about the likeliness that they can stay in Denmark and about the assisting package they will receive. Many families decided then that their chances were best if they went back. I call this mandatory and not voluntary.
I think that people from here living in the host country know the situation here in Kosovo- so how
high is the percentage of those that really want to go back – 1-2%?
I think that people only have a general picture about Kosovo but I do not think they know how this
will affect their personal situation. So it is important for them to have people coming from Kosovo
to explain to them in detail about the various aspects of the situation Kosovo. People that refuse to
enter the program sometimes have legal counsels that tell them that they can/should try to stay in
Denmark. We only work with them when they have already been rejected. As long as they are still in
the asylum seeking process we do not intervene.
How long does your reintegration assistance go for? What are the criteria for helping forced returnees?
We have a 18 month project running, so for those that returned in 2006 the assistance is coming to
an end now. For all returnees we have vocational programs working together with our partner APPK.
EWA JONSSON, SWEDISH RED CROSS; SWEDEN
“Information Network for Return to Northern Iraq, Serbia and Kosovo”
“European Red Cross Return Initiative (ERCRI)”
The Red Cross Movement has long been dealing with migration and return outside of Europe but within Europe/EU these challenges are new for the Red Cross. The ERCRI sees the capacity building of
networking within various Red Cross initiatives (international and national societies of the Red Cross),
information sharing and finding those that could be expert-partners in return as its main goals. Specification has also been made on the following, with reference to the using of the terms by the Danish
Refugee Council: “Voluntary return means that people actually have a choice, meaning that they
CONFERENCE REPORT
could have stayed in the hosting country, but choose to go back to the home country. Other returns
are voluntary-mandatory or forced.”
The Swedish Red Cross has experience in return-projects, first individual return on ad hoc basis,
later on in cooperation with the RC Society of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2003-2005, as well as through
an Open Forum on Return in 2006. The Swedish Red Cross has been working in Northern Iraq, Kosovo and Serbia. Mrs. Jonsson also stated that Sweden today has a slight increase in people seeking for
asylum coming from Kosovo, with a short decrease right after the declaration of independence but
since recently the numbers are rising again. She says that he majority (99%) will be rejected. Also
there is plausible risk for a severe humanitarian situation upon heir return. Most people that get in
contact with the Swedish Red Cross ask for assistance for staying in Sweden and we have staff in all
regions of Sweden for giving legal advice about the procedures of asylum seeking and returning. Mrs.
Jonsson also stressed the willingness of the Swedish Red Cross to especially prepare children better
for the return, but that it is difficult to attract children and parents alike to talking about their return
as a preparation measure. The Swedish Red Cross sees is primarily role in the overall Balkan return
organisation and institution platform to fill existing gaps rather than taking over work from others.
Questions.
In Germany 250.000 Kosovars can stay, 50.00 should go back, but we have special terms if they have
been in the country for eight years, speak the language. Is there something similar in Sweden?
No unfortunately we do not have anything like this now, although we did before.
We have heard information regarding the numbers that are seeking for asylum in Sweden and those
that have to go back from Germany. I hope that we will be talking to the local Kosovo government
about this, because if we do not coordinate these processes this will eventually have a negative
impact on Kosovo society and economy. We need to be realistic when talking about 50.000 people
needing to return from Germany plus those from other countries.
Is family reunification still an issue in Sweden and do you have any current figures?
I do not have any figures, but the laws on family reunifications are still generous.
www.omega-graz.at
CONFERENCE REPORT
RAMUSH LEKAJ, DIRECTOR OF THE CENTRE FOR THE PROMOTION OF
EDUCATION – QPEA, FERIZAJ/PRISTINA, KOSOVO
AHMET IMERI, PROJECT COORDINATOR, MAGURA, KOSOVO
“The Magura Modell”
Teachers in Kosovo have many different roles and tasks, but for lack of expertise, teachers do not
know how to identify and moreover support traumatized children, as very often adults themselves
have to deal with traumas. So QPEA came up with the idea of counselling centres for children and
parents. The organisation had to make sure that the centres are accessible to poor families in rural
areas as well. They provide the services not only to Albanian families but to all communities and for
those that have returned from host countries. QPEA also helps through teachers seminars for psychosocial training and through publishing necessary and relevant literature and expert knowledge,
which is accessible for free to the teachers in their office in Ferizaj. (Ramush Lekaj; QPEA)
“MAGURA” provides reintegration to schools for the Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian communities. There
is a mixed population in Magura, Medvec and Dobraja e Vogel.
QPEA, Anica Mikus-Koš and Emir Kuljuh, gave the teachers an idea of how to deal with the issues
traumatization and retraumatization of children and adults, and how to approach the communities,
parents and local authorities. The initiative also involves young volunteers.
The initiative sees the integration of Roma children in the respective communities as a success, and
Mr. Imeri points out that for the first time also children from Ashkali and Egyptian families could be
integrated: the children from the mentioned minorities are as much traumatized as Albanian children
are - they do not hide anything from each other and they all learn and play together. Children with
special needs are also taken care of and provided for seven days a week. (Ahmet Imeri, APPK)
Questions:
In what languages are multiethnic classes conducted?
We need to understand that these minorities have a special way of living, and that it was even hard
to bring them to the classes. We started off with teaching in Albanian, a decision which is - I can say
this openly - political. We try hard and work with the capacities we have.
I am very impressed with the work that has been done. I am happy when I see children like these,
my own children go to mixed classes. Last year there was a project for Waldorf schools in Kosovo
provided through US aid. The children in Kosovo are so eager to learn other languages. Even though
CONFERENCE REPORT
we do not have Serbs or Bosnians in our personal neighbourhood I can see that other Albanian children want to learn this language.
Comment by Ramush Lekaj: The ministry of education is on the way of planning a curriculum for the
Roma language in schools.
Final comment by Ahmet Imeri: I would like to ask all of you to come and see for yourself and not to
only trust the papers!
BEDRI XHAFA; APPK-JOB PLACEMENT, PRISTINA, KOSOVO
“Job integration of Returnees”
The Employment Promotion Agency in Kosovo, is known in Kosovo as the academy for jobs, and has
been working since March 2000. Its work is based on the reintegration of people in the labour market
and thus provides various employment measures for different target groups. This includes counselling, induction training, professional training and qualification, job placement, business start-up,
support to economic cooperation and development and special programs in cooperation with other
organisations and institutions. Trainings include teaching modules in the sphere of computer skills/IT,
administration, sales and marketing, foreign languages etc. Most importantly APK only provides training for jobs that are requested by the labour market.
Questions:
I am impressed with your work as I work in this field and know how hard it is. By our own experience, we can say that when the father as the supplier of the family gets employment, a new dynamic evolves within the family. We also always try to involve the whole family.
Having someone in the family being employed means a lot and changes a lot. And although the
programmes are for free for our clients, of course they have a price, and so the programmes have
various generous donors.
You have Germany as a partner, why do they not open, say, a factory and provide real jobs, rather
than something like internships?
For a year now we work in close cooperation with German and Kosovar companies. We make sure
they get the information they need when they want to employ people in Kosovo. Just yesterday we
could provide jobs for 200 people seeking work in a Swiss company.
You have mentioned cooperation with governmental institutions as our ministry is cooperating with
you. I would like to congratulate you on your work and I can say that life long learning is reality for
you and your work. I can say that your organization is more successful than the centres set up by the
ministry of labour.
GREGOIRE CRETTAZ/CLAIRE POUTEAUX, SWISS MIGRATION ATTACHE OFFICE/IOM
BERN; KOSOVO/BERN
“Assisted Voluntary Return from Switzerland to the Western Balkans”
Speaking about return Mr Crettaz focuses on voluntary return. The Kosovo Diaspora in Switzerland
consists of approx. 150,000 people, with 35.000 being Kosovar-Swiss and 110.000 being in the return
process. Focus is also laid on minorities, who are as such seen as especially vulnerable. Switzerland
expects to have a return/readmission agreement wit Kosovo and will thus provide support in migration management, return and reintegration assistance and special assistance projects for Roma/Ash-
www.omega-graz.at
CONFERENCE REPORT
kali/Egyptian minorities. (Gregoire Crettaz; Embassy of Switzerland)
The IOM Bern program differs from the program of the Danish Refugee Council, as IOM Bern does
not know about the stage prospective returnees are in (rejected, asylum seeking…) –for IOM Bern it
is only important to know that the participation in the return program is voluntary. The assistance
granted is similar to other programs, and so Ms. Pouteaux only stressed the fact that with IOM Bern
medical checks and medical care and preparation before the return is extensive. IOM Bern can also
facilitate programs for children and unaccompanied minors, and try to provide language classes for
those returning to their home countries, if they have already stayed in Switzerland for a long time. In
its programs the IOM Bern works closely together with the Swiss Federal office for Migration. Their
IOM Bern provides counselling and preparation in Switzerland, travel assistance, financial reintegration assistance, housing assistance, support for small budget businesses as well as medical and psychological care. The sustainability of the support is visible through the following numbers: 60% are
satisfied with their own situation while reasons for discontent are quite individual; 90% consider the
reintegration assistance as very helpful, around 805 are still using the housing assistance and 60%
of the business projects are still generating an income, while only 10% of the returnees remigrated.
(Claire Pouteaux; IOM Bern)
Questions:
Who is paying the bills for IOM? The Swiss government?
Yes.
How do you measure the sustainability and success of the programmes?
It is now standard to interview the returnees shortly after the return and then one year later as a
meaning of monitoring.
LULEZIM BUTOLLI, BALKAN SUNFLOWERS, KOSOVO
“Community Based Education and Sense of Belonging”
Balkan Sunflowers is a Learning centre network and a Non-Governmental Organisation based in
Pristina. Its target groups are children and communities with an insufficient amount of space for
the individual child in the schools and classes. Through their learning center programmes Balkan
Sunflowers work through educational programmes, and through coordinators and tutors that work
directly with the kids. A special project is the “language club”, where children are helped to speak
either Albanian or Serbian, which are the languages required at school. The organisation also provides homework-assistance and peer tutoring, where the youth work with kids, and through this develop their own skills and use their own potential – working with the community for the community.
One of the overall goals is also to reach out to the parents, convey the message of the programmes
and the work of Balkan Sunflowers, sensitise them and explain the programmes’ motives. A minority
of the clientele are children from returnee families, who often have to face discrimination and special
hardship through other children. Balkan Sunflowers thus wants to strengthen their self-confidence,
helping them to participate in community activities and helping them to share a sense of belonging
with the other children of the community.
CONFERENCE REPORT
19 t h Oc t ob e r 20 0 8
Day 3
Results from the Working groups
Presentations of Recommendations
The situation in Kosovo is still difficult, due to damaged infrastructure, unemployment, the failing
of health system (people buy medicine privately if at all) - there are no capacities to provide social
security or even just welfare services for all the poor families in Kosovo; and there is still as lack of
long-term economic investment in Kosovo. The desperate social situation therefore calls for a twoway approach based on harmonization: It is difficult to have people return voluntarily, so we think it
is important that the hosting country and the country of origin cooperate to improve conditions.
•
Economic (financial/material) packages should be directed more effectively in the area where
needed: if for example the host country returns a certain amount of people to one region, additional working places should be provided in this region/community first. Also if a group of returnees has worked in a factory in the host country, it makes sense to use their acquired skills and
invest in a similar business to employ them in their region of living in Kosovo.
•
Concerning social/health care/insurance, a more inviting environment has to be created to motivate people also to return to formerly troubled regions.
•
Psychosocial programs for children and youth are needed so that they will be more integrated
into society.
•
When are governments ready to take over?
In the prospect of handover of many to all responsibilities in various fields, including return, to
the Kosovo government and Kosovo institutions, capacity building of the authorities should be
the basis before the Kosovo institutions can take over full responsibility.
•
Return should be linked reintegration
This issue has already been raised many times by various organisations but as we have heard in
this conference. But we also know from our work experience that successful reintegration is the
key-factor of an overall successful return process.
•
Provision of adequate information to returnees
Two core issues concerning the provision of information were worked out:
»
The establishing of a counsellor (migration attaché) in the host countries for host governments and migrants to contact;
»
The provision of basic information for returnees upon arrival through ONE information office
networking with the government and NGOs, providing information about schooling, health
insurance, pension benefits etc. as people are often lost upon arrival and do not know which
office/organisation/institution provides them with which kind of information/assistance?!
•
Setting up of database for basic demographic information:
Current situation Kosovo (diseases, demographics, education) is unknown. In addition to this
research studies should be financed, helping to provide data and statistics for a better understanding of the overall situation in Kosovo. In this way various programmes could further be
optimised.
www.omega-graz.at
•
CONFERENCE REPORT
Children:
There is a special need for a better preparation of children in terms of psychosocial and practical
assistance (language classes etc.) and a better preparation of their integration in Kosovo per se.
More seminars for teachers on how to assist returnee children to reintegrate based on the model
of the “QPEA-Magura” model should be organised.
•
Peer counselling for returnees:
If a group of people return to the same region/community, one person could be selected to be a
contact/coordinating person, as a spokesperson and to communicate group related needs.
Comments
•
“Thank you for all you have done. I work directly with children, so I generally speak more about
the children and about their specific situation. It is different for people working in the offices and
for those working on the field. […] There is something you discussed in your group and what we
also mentioned in our presentation- harmonizing the programs from EU countries is important;
families should be prepared months in advance, and there is the need to make sure that the
families’ need in Kosovo will be met, and then check on them again and see how their process of
reintegration is going. We really need those psychosocial programs.”
“I agree that the more time we have for organizing the better, but from a practical point of view,
we can see that the decision making process on whether to return or not, is a lengthy process,
but once the families have decided to go back, they want it to be organized if possible over night.
We can try to inform them that it will take more time to organize everything properly, but we
normally do not have the time to organize anything, say, six months in advance.”
•
Question to the Kosovo group:
“All the programs we have heard about are isolated, as most hosting countries feel that the reintegration is the task of the country of origin. Now that Kosovo can no longer be seen as a victim
but a free country, what are the fields and range of responsibility of Kosovo and what can the
Kosovo government do better in order to reintegrate its returnees?”
Ramush Lekaj: “Kosovo has requested independence to be able to protect itself, and we knew
from the start that there would be social and economical difficulties. Kosovo now has a budget
no more than 1000.000 Euro. So how can we survive with this small budget? How can we secure
the living conditions for our citizens? I have always said that our independence was gained with
the help of our friends, and so does our rebuilding process depend in large parts on our friends
from abroad. The social situation Kosovo is bad, there is no social or health insurance or pension,
and this is why we have people dying before their time. Also this is why we were talking about
creating better conditions for these people. When people are returned to Kosovo we accept
them, and what we have we will share with them. But their will be trauma and disappointment
and insecurity. What do we need to do? We can offer help to those that return voluntarily; we
will have programs and we will talk to teachers, parents and children how to best integrate the
children, in order to give them more security”
“As I understood Mr. Ramush Lekaj there are programs to be launched, but I would like to raise
awareness to the following: Kosovo is not ready for the thousands of returnees! We need to work
together and prepare Kosovo for this huge number of returnees that are going to be expected.”
CONFERENCE REPORT
Conc lus io
EMIR KULJUH, OMEGA, GRAZ, AUSTRIA
“I would like to divide my conclusion into two parts, one is return in general and one deals particularly with children.
We have organized this conference to hear various models and hear various experiences and to
evaluate various programs. We have heard the presentations of representatives of NGOs and governments, we have heard about the problems dealing with under aged children. And now in the
group work we have tried to hear the side of the internationals and the government officials. All the
recommendations we have collected we will put on our website and send to you the report of the
conference.
We have to say that we do not have the mandate to interfere in the work of the various governments
concerning return related issues. But we can facilitate the cooperation between the host countries
and country of origin to come to agreements, as no one wants to send back people to a desolate
situation. Those that have participated here in this conference– you should take back the knowledge
you have gained to your governments and communicate it to them. I especially appeal to the UNHCR
in Kosovo, as they I think have the mandate and the means to make a change. […]
One specific recommendation is the training for teachers to the benefits of even more children and
eventually society. To achieve this various government representatives should work together in a
joint project and for a broader perspective.
We have now had three intensive working days […] and we have worked efficiently and I would like to
again say thank you for your participation and ask you to take back something of these new experiences and knowledge to your own countries and organizations. We should all stay in touch I hope
that we will see you at the conference we will hopefully organize in Sarajevo next year!”
Most of the time we emphasize on communicating success stories, but we should also focus on sharing our stories of failure to learn from each others’ mistakes.
Please see supporting files for the presentations in detail and the list of participants.
www.omega-graz.at
Return Programmes to Kosovo. Friday, 17th - Sunday 19th October 2008. Hotel Grand Prishtina, Kosovo
IMPRESSIONS
INTERVIEWS IN KOSOVO
Return an Impact - the voice of Stakeholders
and returnees
Impressions of the OMEGA team
conducting the interviews in Kosovo
Spring, 2008
IMPRESSIONS
www.omega-graz.at
IMPRESSIONS
Faleminderit!
Thank you!
Danke!
The OMEGA field team:
Emir Kuljuh, Nicola Baloch,
Michaela Handke
CONFERENCE REPORT
List of Participants
Name
Organisation
Country
e-mail
Ambaoumba Mbili
UNHCR Prishtina
Kamerun/Kosovo
[email protected]
Afirdita Juha Mest
Ministry of Education, Science
and Technology
Kosovo
[email protected]
Ahmet Imeri
Magura Center CoordinatorQPEA
Kosovo
[email protected]
Andrew Ginsberg
UNHCR Kosovo
Kosovo
[email protected]
Anica Mikus Kos
Slovene Philanthropy
Slovenia
[email protected]
Ann Guthmiller
IOM Geneva
US/ Switzerland
[email protected]
Arlinda Yusufi
QPEA - Center for the Promotion of Education
Kosovo
[email protected]
Arsim Blaku
APPK- Job placement
Ksovo- D
[email protected]
Bedri Xhafa
APPK- Job placement
Ksovo- D
[email protected]
Bernd Baumgarten
diakonie Trier
Germany
[email protected]
Christian Fleck
University of Graz
Austria
[email protected]
Claire Poteaux
IOM Bern
Switzerland
[email protected]
Emir Kuljuh
OMEGA
Austria
[email protected]
Engjellushe Limani
Shkup Macedonia
Macedonia
Enxmelushe Limani
Psycologist
Kosovo
[email protected]
Ewa Jonsson
Swedish Red Cross
Sweden
[email protected]
Fatmire Maloku
Marienambulanz
Austria
[email protected]
Fevzi Berisha
University of Prishtina
Kosovo
Florije Sylaj
Community Building Mitrovica
Kosovo
[email protected]
Franci Zlatar
Slovene Philanthropy
Slovenia
[email protected]
Gregoire Crettaz
Swiss Federal Office for Migration
Switzerland
www.bfm.admin.ch
[email protected].
ch
Günther Bauer
Styrian provincial Government
Austria
[email protected]
Ismet Hashani
Ministry for Return
and Communities
Kosovo
[email protected]
Luan Bytiqi
HEKS
Switzerland
[email protected]
Lulezim Bucolli, SP
Balkan Sunflowers
Kosovo
[email protected]
Luljeta Abdullahu
Department of Nuclear Medicine
Kosovo
[email protected]
Maria Berishay
Interpreter
Kosovo
maria.berishay@
Michael Possmayer
Danish Refugee Council
Denmark
kosh-manager@drc-kosovo.
org; [email protected]
Michaela Handke
OMEGA
Austria
[email protected]
Muharrem Asllani
QPEA - Center for the Promotion of Education- Ferizaj
Kosovo
[email protected]
Musli Marevci
Kosovo
Nezir Kolgeci
Kosovo Social Return
support Network
Kosovo- D
[email protected]
Nicola Baloch
OMEGA
Austria
[email protected]
www.omega-graz.at
CONFERENCE REPORT
Nysret Krasniqi
Diakonie Kosovo
Kosovo
Ornella Benardelli
UNOPS
Kosovo UN
[email protected]
Prof. Dr. Karmit Zysman
Balkan Sunflowers
Kosovo
[email protected]
Ramush Lekaj
QPEA - Center for the Promotion of Education
Kosovo
[email protected]
Ruhije Hodza Beganovic
IOM Prishtina
Kosovo
[email protected],
[email protected]
Sabit Schabani
Kosovo
[email protected]
Sanije Musovic
Social worker
Kosovo
[email protected]
Shaip Fazliu
Psycologist
Kosovo
[email protected]
Sheremet Kukaj
IOM Prishtina
Kosovo
[email protected]
Shukurije Statovci
Kosovo
[email protected]
Skender Berisha
Kosovo Government
Kosovo
[email protected]
Valon Buraliu
[email protected]
Vedat Bajrami
QPEA - Center for the Promotion of Education- MEST
Kosovo
[email protected]
Violeta Berisha
Ministry for Internal Affairs
Kosovo
[email protected]
Yngve Torberntsson
International Medical Program
Sweden
[email protected]
Ve r e i n f ü r O pf e r vo n G ewa l t u n d M e n s c h e n r e c ht sve r l et zu n g e n
O r g a n i z at i o n f o r V i c t i m s of V i o l e n c e a n d H u m a n R i g ht s V i o l at i o n s
OMEGA HEALTH CARE CENTER IS A NON-PROFIT ORGANISATION AND HAS AS ITS
AIMS THE PROMOTION, CARE AND TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUALS AND THEIR RELATIVES AND CHILDREN, WHO ARE VICTIMS OF ORGANISED VIOLENCE AND GROSS,
SYSTEMATIC VIOLATION OF HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS.
OMEGA Gesundheitsstelle
Health Care Center Graz
Albert-Schweitzer-Gasse 22, A-8020 Graz
Telefon: +43 / 316 / 77 35 54
Fax:+43 / 77 35 54 –4
[email protected]
www.omega-graz.at

RETURN and IMPACT

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