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Zootaxa 2814: 19–32 (2011)
www.mapress.com / zootaxa/
Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
Article
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
Update to the zodariid spider fauna of the Iberian Peninsula and Madeira
(Araneae: Zodariidae)
STANO PEKÁR1,6, PEDRO CARDOSO2,3, JAVIER C. BARRIGA4 & JOSÉ C. CARVALHO5
1
Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
E-mail: [email protected]
2
Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA
3
Azorean Biodiversity Group - CITA-A, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
4
Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio
Nováis 2. 28040 Madrid, Spain
5
bioESER research group, CBMA - Molecular and Environmental Biology Centre, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Gualtar de Campus, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
6
Corresponding author
Abstract
This paper describes three new species of the genus Zodarion from the Iberian Peninsula: Z. alentejanum, Z. cesari, and
Z. costapratae. One species, Z. lusitanicum, is newly recorded for Spain. In total 46 zodariid species are known from the
Iberian Peninsula to date, of which 22 species are recorded from Portugal and 35 species from Spain. New faunistic records and distribution maps are given for another 18 zodariid taxa, either in the Iberian Peninsula or Madeira: Amphiledorus balnearius, Selamia reticulata, Zodarion alacre, Z. algarvense, Z. atlanticum, Z. costablancae, Z. duriense, Z.
fuscum, Z. gregua, Z. jozefienae, Z. machadoi, Z. maculatum, Z. marginiceps, Z. merlijni, Z. pseudoelegans, Z. styliferum
styliferum, Z. styliferum extraneum, and Z. viduum.
Key words: Amphiledorus, Selamia, Zodarion, description, distribution, Madeira, Portugal, Spain
Introduction
Currently, the Zodariids are the thirteenth most specious spider family (Platnick 2011) with 942 species in 77 genera but only five genera are found in Europe. The majority of the zodariid spiders in Europe are distributed in the
Mediterranean region. One of the hotspots are certainly the Iberian Peninsula with 46 species from the three genera
Amphiledorus, Selamia and Zodarion including 22 species from Portugal and 35 species for Spain.
The Iberian Peninsula has experienced a recent dramatic increase in the number of species and records of spiders, particularly during the last decade (Cardoso & Morano 2010). Since the turn of the millennium, dozens of
new species have been described, many of them rare and endangered Iberian endemics (e.g., Pekár et al. 2003; Cardoso & Scharff 2009; Bosmans et al. 2010). Many more have been mentioned for the first time in this region. This
increase in our knowledge was in large part due to the widespread use of standardized protocols, able to capture
large amounts of material for study (Cardoso 2009). Zodariids, the third largest family in terms of Iberian endemics
(Cardoso & Morano 2010) constitute no exception to the general pattern.
During the last decade many new records of zodariid spiders have been added to the Iberian Peninsula, especially in Portugal (compare Cardoso 2000 with Cardoso & Morano 2010). Since our last revision of Portuguese
zodariids (Pekár & Cardoso 2005), four species were reported for Parque Natural da Serra de São Mamede (Gouveia 2004), three species for Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela (Sousa 2006), two species for Parque Natural da
Serra da Arrábida (Cardoso et al. 2008a), one species for Parque Nacional da Peneda-Gerês (Cardoso et al. 2008b),
two species for Reserva Natural do Paúl de Arzila (Crespo et al. 2009), and three species for Parque Natural do
Vale do Guadiana (Cardoso et al. 2009), all in Portugal. Similarly, in Spain and during the last decade, five species
Accepted by B. Baehr: 11 Mar. 2011; published: 11 Apr. 2011
19
were reported for Aragón (Melic 2000), eight species for Parque Nacional de Cabañeros (Barriga et al. 2006), eight
species for the Madrid region (Ferrández et al. 2006), one species for Valencia (Urbaneja et al. 2006) and one new
species for the Basque Country (Castro 2009). Such intensive faunistic survey provided also records of a few new
species for the region, some of them, however, turned out to be misidentifications (see below).
Since 2005 we have collected new rich material of zodariid spiders (more than 2000 specimens) mainly from
the following areas: Madeira, central and eastern Spain, and western coast of Portugal. Additionally, we studied
rich material deposited in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid and a few private collections. The
results of the studies are presented here.
Material and methods
Several diagnostic characters of the male palp and epigyne are used to distinguish Zodarion spiders (Bosmans
1994, 2009; Pekár et al. 2003). The most important in males are the shape of the tibial apophysis, median apophysis (retinaculum) and embolus. For each new species the left male palp is illustrated from ventral and retrolateral
views.
Diagnostic characters in females are the shapes of the epigynal plate and spermathecae. In order to obtain figures of “vulva”, dissected epigynes were cleared in 10% KOH for few hours. Even in a cleared epigyne the copulatory ducts were hardly visible in some species and very often difficult to be traced. Therefore, the “vulva” is
considered as a less important diagnostic character. The arrangement of hairs in drawings of palps and epigynes is
only approximate—just to distinguish bald and hairy areas.
Measurements of prosoma length, prosoma width and total body length are given as the minimum and maximum observed values.
For each species we built predicted spatial distribution models for the region. It should be noted, however, that
such maps usually only reflect the potential distribution of species, not their true distribution, which may be
smaller. We used the Maxent method (Phillips et al. 2006; Phillips & Dudik 2008) because it uses presence-only
data and because it is considered the most accurate method available (Hernandez et al. 2006). Maps of distribution
were based on all published data as well as data included in this paper. The spatial variables used in the modeling
were eight bioclimatic variables available from the Worldclim database (Hijmans et al. 2005): annual rainfall, rainfall of the driest and wettest months, rainfall seasonality (coefficient of variation of monthly values), average
annual temperature, maximum temperature of the warmest month, minimum temperature of the coldest month and
temperature seasonality (standard deviation of monthly values). Additionally, we used a digital elevation model.
All variables had a resolution of one square kilometer.
Abbreviations: AMNH—American Museum of Natural History, New York; CSP = collection of S. Pekár,
Brno; CIS = collection of I. Sanchez-García; Jerez; j = juvenile; MNCN—Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales,
Madrid; SMF = Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main; ZMC—Zoological Museum Copenhagen, Copenhagen.
Results
Amphiledorus balnearius Jocqué & Bosmans, 2001
A. balnearius: Ferrández et al. (2006): 86
Diagnosis & description. For both sexes see Jocqué & Bosmans (2001).
Material examined. SPAIN. Segovia district: Segovia, Sebúlcor, 4 June 2006, 1♂, J. Beamonte leg. (MNCN).
Distribution. The species is known only from Spain. It is expected to occur in the central and eastern Spain
(Fig. 11).
20 · Zootaxa 2814 © 2011 Magnolia Press
PEKAR ET AL.
Selamia reticulata (Simon, 1870)
S. reticulata: Melic (2000): 35; Gouveia (2004): 19; Barriga et al. (2006): 140; Ferrández et al. (2006): 86–87; Sousa (2006):
21, 64
Diagnosis & description. For both sexes see Jocqué & Bosmans (2001).
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Faro district: Fonte da Taipa, 4 November 2005, 1j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP);
Bordeira, Pontal, 1 April 2005, 4♂+5♀, M. Řezáč leg. (CSP); Évora district: Valverde da Mitra, 3 November 2005,
1j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Beja district: Serra da Adiça, 3 November 2005, 3♀+3j, M. Řezáč leg. (CSP); Alcaria
Ruiva, 30 March 2009, 20♂+40♀, S. Pekár & S. Korenko leg. (CSP). SPAIN. Almeria district: Sierra de los Filabres, 5 January 1957, 1j (MNCN); Cuenca district: Alarcón, April 1964, 1♀ (MNCN); Madrid district: El Pardo, 5
July 1977, 1♂, 12 August 1980, 1♀, 18 August 1980, 1♂, 22 December 1980, 1♂, all C. Morillo leg. (MNCN);
Pozuelo de Alarcón, 22 April 1958, 1♀, R. G. Ruano leg. (MNCN); Cercedilla, 6 March 1953, 1♂+1♀+4j, W.
Steiner leg. (MNCN); Madrid, Los Molinos, 8 April 1954, 1♀+1j, W. Steiner leg. (MNCN); Segovia district: Sierra
de los Gallegos, 8 May 1958, 1♀, R. G. Ruano leg. (MNCN); Guadalajara district: Riba de Saelices, 23 March
1935, 1j, A. Barros Machado leg. (MNCN); unknown, 1♀, 4 October 1977, 1♀, 5 July 1977, 3♂, 14 June 1978, 2♂
(all MNCN).
Distribution. Very common throughout the peninsula (Fig. 12).
Zodarion alacre (Simon, 1870)
Z. alacre: Gouveia (2004): 20; Barriga et al. (2006): 140; Ferrández et al. (2006): 86–87
Diagnosis & description. For both sexes see Bosmans (1994).
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Beja district: Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana, Ribeira de Limas, 22
May 2005, 1♂+8♀+1j, S. Pekár & M. Hrušková leg. (CSP); Mesquita, 4 April 2008, 1♂, S. Pekár leg. (CSP);
Corte da Velha, 2 April 2008, 1♂, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Rio Ardila, 2 April 2009, 5♂+3♀+11j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP);
Évora district: Valverde da Mitra, 5 April 2009, 1♂+2j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Monsaraz, 10 April 2010, 5j, S. Korenko leg. (CSP); Borba, 10 April 2010, 1♂+1j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Elvas, 10 April 2010, 1♀, E. Líznarová leg.
(CSP); Portel, 12 April 2010, 4j, S. Korenko leg. (CSP); Coimbra district: Serra da Estrela, 3 June 2008, 1♂, S.
Korenko leg. (CSP); Faro district: Carrapateira, 7 April 2008, 2j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Alcoutim, 13 April 2010, 4j,
L. Sentenská leg. (SCP); SPAIN. Toledo district: Toledo, 18 May 2006, 20♂+1♀, W. Nentwig leg. (CSP); 15 June
2006, 4♂+6♀, W. Nentwig leg. (CSP); Cabañeros National Park, April – June 2002, 2♀+1j, J.C. Barriga leg.
(CSP); Madrid district: Cercedilla, Valle de Fuenfría, 23 May 1954, 1♀, W. Steiner leg. (MNCN); El Ventorillo,
July 1935, 1♀, D. Pelaez leg. (MNCN); El Berrueco, 2 May 2002, 3♂; 13 May 2002, 3♂+1♀; 15 May 2002, 1♂;
17 May 2002, 26♂+5♀; 21 May 2002, 27♂+2♀, all A. Jimenez Valverde leg. (MNCN); Campo Real, 24 May
1990, 1♂ (MNCN); El Escorial, 7 April 1935, 1j, A. Barros Machado leg. (MNCN).
Distribution. This species has been recorded in many places of the western part of the peninsula, but is predicted to occur throughout Portugal and south-western Spain (Fig. 13).
Zodarion alentejanum sp. n. Pekár & Carvalho
Figs 1–2
Type material. Holotype female. Portugal: Setúbal district: Lagoa da Sancha, 6 June 2009, J.C. Carvalho leg.
(SMF).
Etymology. The name is an adjective in neuter derived form the area where it occurs, the Alentejo province in
southern Portugal.
Diagnosis. This species belongs to the styliferum group. It is very closely related to Z. merlijni both in size and
colour. Females are distinguished by the epigyne in which the median plate is about twice as long as wide and the
central semi-circular rim is small.
Description. Male unknown.
ZODARIID SPIDERS OF IBERIAN PENINSULA
Zootaxa 2814 © 2011 Magnolia Press ·
21
FIGURES 1–2. Zodarion alentejanum. 1. Epigyne, ventral view. 2. Vulva, dorsal view. Scales: 0.2 mm.
Female. Total length 3.3–4.1 mm; prosoma 1.5–1.7 mm long, 0.9–1.2 mm wide. Colour. Carapace and chelicera yellow, legs yellow, sternum, coxae and femora pale, abdomen dorsally brown, laterally and ventrally pale.
Epigyne: Median plate almost ellipsoid, 2-times longer than wide, with a semi-circular rim in the centre of the posterior half of plate. The diameter of the rim is half the plate width (Fig. 1). Vulva with triangular receptacula separated by 3x their diameter, irregular large ducts formed as in Fig. 2.
Other material. PORTUGAL. Setúbal district: Lagoa da Sancha, 6 June 2009, 11♀+2j, J.C. Carvalho leg.
(CSP).
Distribution. It has been recorded only on the sand dunes of the south-western coast of Portugal. But it may
occur along the southern coast too (Fig. 14).
Zodarion algarvense Bosmans, 1994
Remark. The specimens differ in colour from the specimens used for comparison (AMNH), having dark
brown prosoma and sternum, ventral side of abdomen and femora I and II.
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Setúbal district: Lagoa da Sancha, 6 June 2009, 7♀, J.C. Carvalho leg.
(CSP); Faro district: Monte Gordo, 7 April 1971, 2♀, J. & F. Murphy leg. (AMNH).
Distribution. It has been recorded only on the south-western and southern coast of Portugal (Fig. 15).
Zodarion atlanticum Pekár & Cardoso, 2005
Z. atlanticum: Cardoso et al. (2008a): 125; Crespo et al. (2009): 312
Diagnosis & Description. For both sexes see Pekár & Cardoso (2005).
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Setúbal district: Vale da Rasca, 16 May 2004, 6♂+3♀+8j; 30 May 2004,
69♂+6♀+1j; 1 June 2004, 1♂+2♀; 4 June 2004, 4♂+4♀; 6 June 2004, 2♀; 7 June 2004, 3♂+1♀; 9 June 2004,
2♂+1♀; 10 June 2004, 1♂; 14 June 2004, 544♂+150♀; 27 June 2004, 4♂+3♀, all P. Cardoso leg. (ZMC); 3 July
2007, 3♂, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Lagoa da Sancha, 14 April 2010, 2♂, L. Sentenská leg. (CSP); Coimbra district:
PEKAR ET AL.
Coimbra, botanical garden, 2005, 21♂+4♀+3j, L. Crespo leg. (CSP); Paúl de Arzila, 20 May 2006, 119♂+14♀+1j,
L. Crespo leg. (CSP); Porto district: Mindelo, 12 May 2008, 9♂+2♀+4j, J.C. Carvalho leg. (CSP).
Distribution. It has been found in several places along the western coast of Portugal (Fig. 16).
Zodarion cesari sp. n. Pekár
Figs 3–6
Z. pusio: Urbaneja et al. (2006): 618 (misidentification)
Type material. Male holotype, female paratype. SPAIN. Valencia district: Montcada, 5 September 2008, S. Pekár
leg. (SMF).
Etymology. The name is dedicated to César Monzó, a colleague who collected this species for the first time.
Diagnosis. This species belongs to the pusio group. It is very similar to Z. pusio both in colour and size. Males
are distinguished by the shape of the terminal part of the tibial apophysis. Females are distinguished by the presence of a roof-like structure in the median plate of epigyne.
Description. Male. Total length 1.7–2.3 mm; prosoma 0.9–1.1 long, 0.7–0.8 wide. Colour: Coxae pale, carapace yellow, legs segments yellow, sternum pale, abdomen dorsally brown, ventrally pale, dark spot around eyes,
sternum with thin brown margin. Palp. Tibial apophysis with ventro-lateral lobe at base, bent but not hooked terminally, on the retrolateral side with a tiny pointed terminal apophysis (Fig. 3). Distal part of median apophysis slender, elongated and pointed (Fig. 4). Embolus rather straight and S-shaped.
Female. Total length 2.3–2.8 mm; prosoma 1–1.2 long, 0.7–0.9 wide. Colour as in male. Epigyne. Paired openings surrounded anterio-laterally by sclerotised rims converging in the centre and forming a roof-like structure in
the centre of the plate (Fig. 5). Vulva with rounded receptacula separated by 2.5x their diameter, ducts short Sshaped (Fig. 6).
Other material. SPAIN. Valencia district: Xilxes, Castellón, 26 October 2009, 4♂, C. Monzó leg. (CSP); 10
March 2010, 5♀, C. Monzó leg. (CSP); Massalfassar, 7 September 2008, 1♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Bétera, 5 September 2008, 11♂+2♀+5j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); 10 March 2010, 4♀, C. Monzó leg. (CSP).
Distribution. Known only from the Valencia district, from disturbed areas, such as orchards and parking lots
(Fig. 17).
FIGURES 3–6. Z. cesari. 3. Male palp, ventral view. 4. Male palp, lateral view. 5. Epigyne, ventral view. 6. Vulva, dorsal view.
Scales: 0.2 mm.
23
Zodarion costablancae Bosmans, 1994
Material examined. Spain: Valencia district: Montcada, 5 September 2008, 1♀+1j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Ventamina, 6 September 2008, 1♂+2♀+2j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); La Vallesa, Siete Aguas, 6 September 2008, 3♀, S.
Pekár leg. (CSP); Massalfassar, 7 September 2008, 7♀+3j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP).
Distribution. It is known to occur only in Valencia district (Fig. 18).
Zodarion costapratae sp. n. Pekár
Figs 7–10
Z. costablancae: Crespo (2008): 405, fig. 6A–C; Crespo et al. (2009): 312 (misidentification)
Z. atlanticum : Pekár & Cardoso (2005): 54 (misidentification, in part)
Type material. Male holotype, female paratype. PORTUGAL. Coimbra district: Coimbra, botanical garden, 2005,
L. Crespo leg. (SMF).
Etymology. The name is a noun in apposition and is derived form the area where it occurs, Costa da Prata.
Diagnosis. This species belongs to the rubidum group. It is closely related to Z. costablancae but differs in the
overall dark brown colour and smaller size. Males can further be distinguished by the wider tibial apophysis.
Females are distinguished the by shorter plate of the epigyne.
Description. Male. Total length 2.2–2.6 mm; prosoma 1.0–1.5 mm long, 0.7–1.0 mm wide. Colour. Carapace
dark brown, femora dark brown, other leg segments yellow, sternum dark brown, coxae light brown, abdomen dorsally dark brown, ventrally pale, laterally pale, palpi dark brown. Palp. Tibial apophysis broad, slightly curved and
bluntly pointed terminaly with a process on retrolateral side (Fig. 7). Median apophysis short and U-shaped.
Embolus broad terminally oblique (Fig. 8).
Female. Total length 2.7–3.7 mm; prosoma 1.2–1.7 mm long, 0.7–1.1 mm wide. Further as in male. Epigyne:
Median plate 1.9 x wider than long, with paired openings separated by a septum. Anteriorly with a wedge-like
structure (Fig. 9). Vulva with separated small round receptacula
and irregular ducts as in Fig. 10.
Remark. Re-examination of the material from Pekár & Cardoso (2005) revealed two individuals of this species previously assigned incorrectly to Z. atlanticum.
Other material. PORTUGAL. Coimbra district: Coimbra, botanical garden, 2005, 21♂+4♀+3j, L. Crespo leg.
(CSP); 31 May 2008, 3♂, L. Crespo leg. (CSP); Leirosa, 4 July 2009, 1♂+13♀+2j, J.C. Carvalho leg. (CSP);
Bairro, 18 June 2002, 2♂, P. Cardoso leg. (CSP).
Distribution. Known from few places along the central and northern coast of Portugal (Fig. 19).
FIGURES 7–10. Zodarion costapratae. 7. Male palp, ventral view. 8. Male palp, lateral view. 9. Epigyne, ventral view. 10.
Vulva, dorsal view. Scales: 0.2 mm.
PEKAR ET AL.
Zodarion duriense Cardoso, 2003
Z. duriense: Sousa (2006): 21, 64
Diagnosis & Description. For both sexes see Pekár et al. (2003).
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Bragança district: Palão, 3 October 2007, 1♂+1j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP).
Distribution. It has been found only in northern Portugal, but it may occur in central Spain too (Fig. 20).
Zodarion fuscum (Simon, 1870)
Z. fuscum: Ferrández et al. (2006): 87; Sousa (2006): 21, 64
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Portalegre district: Vista da Cruz da Penha, 2 June 2008, 1♀, S. Korenko
leg. (CSP).
Distribution. It has been recorded in few places at higher altitude in the northern part of the peninsula (Fig.
21).
Zodarion gregua Bosmans, 1994
Material examined. SPAIN. Madrid district: Peñalara, July 1935, 1♀, D. Pelaez leg. (MNCN).
Distribution. It has been found in few places mainly in central Spain and can therefore occur across the northern part of the peninsula (Fig. 22).
Zodarion jozefienae Bosmans, 1994
Z. jozefienae: Cardoso et al. (2009): 54
Diagnosis & description. For both sexes see Pekár et al. (2003).
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Beja district: Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana, Pomaraõ, 21 May 2006,
1♂+3♀; 23 May 2006, 6♂+10♀, all P. Cardoso leg. (ZMC); Mértola, Braciais, 23 May 2005, 1♀, M. Hrušková
leg. (CSP); 1 July 2007, 10♂, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Serpa, 22 May 2005, 2♀, M. Hrušová leg. (CSP); Martinlongo,
3 April 2009, 2♂+4j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Faro district: Manta Rota, 24 June 2007, 9♂+2♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP);
Vista Real, 25 June 2007, 7♂, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Santa Rita, 26 June 2007, 3♂, S. Pekár leg. (CSP). SPAIN.
unknown, 24 July, 3♂+6♀+3j (MNCN).
Distribution. It has been found mainly in the southern part of Portugal and south-western Spain (Fig. 23).
Zodarion lusitanicum Cardoso, 2003
Z. lusitanicum: Gouveia (2004): 20
Z. segurense: Barriga et al. (2006): 140 (misidentification)
Diagnosis & description. For both sexes see Pekár et al. (2003).
Material examined. SPAIN. Toledo district: Cabañeros Natural Park, April–June 2002, 2♂+1♀, J.C. Barriga
leg. (CSP); Toledo, 15 June 2006, 1♂+1j, W. Nentwig leg. (CSP); Cádiz district: Cádiz, Jerez de la Frontera, 20
July 2001, 1♂+1♀, I. Sanchez-Garcia leg. (CIS).
Distribution. It has been recorded in few places and is expected to occur across Portugal and in western and
southern Spain (Fig. 24).
25
FIGURES 11–18. Distribution maps showing actual records (points) and predicted area of distribution (shaded). 11. A. balnearius, 12. S. reticulata, 13. Z. alacre, 14. Z. alentejanum, 15. Z. algarvense, 16. Z. atlanticum, 17. Z. cesari, 18. Z. costablancae.
PEKAR ET AL.
FIGURES 19–26. Distribution maps showing actual records (points) and predicted area of distribution (shaded). 19. Z.
costapratae, 20. Z. duriense, 21. Z. fuscum, 22. Z. gregua, 23. Z. jozefienae, 24. Z. lusitanicum, 25. Z. machadoi, 26. Z. maculatum.
27
FIGURES 27–32. Distribution maps showing actual records (points) and predicted area of distribution (shaded). 27. Z. marginiceps, 28. Z. merlijni, 29. Z. pseudoelegans, 30. Z. styliferum styliferum, 31. Z. styliferum extraneum, 32. Z. viduum.
Zodarion machadoi Denis, 1939
Z. machadoi: Cardoso et al. (2008b): 84
Remark. Holotype male that was unavailable to Bosmans (1994) has been discovered in the collection of MNCN:
Porto district, Vila da Conde, 3 May 1934, 1♂, A. Barros Machado leg. (MNCN: 20.02/13758).
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Vila Real district: Mata da Albergaria, P. Cardoso leg. (ZMC), 4 June
2005, 2♂; 8 June 2005, 3♂; 9 June 2006, 3♂+1j; 15 June 2005, 53♂+60♀+21j; Viana do Castelo district: Amo-
PEKAR ET AL.
rosa, 19 May 2009, 95♂+52♀, J.C. Carvalho leg. (CSP); Porto district: Porto, 31 May 1934, 1♂, A. Barros
Machado leg. (MNCN).
Distribution. Occurs only along the coast of northern Portugal and is expected to occur in Spain on the Atlantic coast (Fig. 25).
Zodarion maculatum (Simon, 1870)
Z. maculatum: Melic (2000): 35
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Évora district: Valverde da Mitra, 30 March 2009, 5♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP).
SPAIN. Barcelona district: Massif de Garraf, 15 May 2006, 2♂+1♀, W. Nentwig leg. (CSP); 14 June 2006, 5♂, W.
Nentwig leg. (CSP); Cádiz district: Cádiz, Jose del Valle, Dehesa Picado, 13 October 2001, 1♀, I. Sanchez-Garcia
leg. (CIS); 1 July 2001, 1♀, I. Sanchez-Garcia leg. (CIS); Jerez de la Frontera, 1 October 2001, 1♀, I. SanchezGarcia leg. (CIS); 24 March 2001, 1♀, I. Sanchez-Garcia leg. (CIS).
Distribution. It has been found mainly in southern Portugal and Spain, but could occur along the coast of the
peninsula (Fig. 26).
Zodarion marginiceps Simon, 1914
Z. marginiceps: Melic (2000): 35
Material examined. SPAIN. Barcelona district: Parque Natural de Cadí-Moixeró, 16 April 2009, 1♂, E. Líznarová leg. (CSP).
Distribution. Occurs in central and northern Spain particularly in the Pyrenées (Fig. 27).
Zodarion merlijni Bosmans, 1994
Z. merlijni: Cardoso et al. (2009): 54
Diagnosis & description. For male see Bosmans (1994), for female see Pekár et al. (2003).
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Beja district: Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana, Pomarão, 20 May 2006,
2♀, P. Cardoso leg. (ZMC); 23 June 2006, 2♂+7♀, P. Cardoso leg. (ZMC); Ribeira das Limas, 22 May 2005,
6♂+16♀, S. Pekár & M. Hrušková leg. (CSP); Rio Ardila, 2006, 1♀, S. Henriques leg. (CSP); 2 April 2009,
1♂+1j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP).
Distribution. It has been found in southern Portugal and south-western Spain (Fig. 28).
Zodarion pseudoelegans Denis, 1933
Z. pseudoelegans: Melic (2000): 36
Material examined. SPAIN. Barcelona district: Sitges, 9 September 2006, 2♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Massif del
Garraf, 17 May 2006, 1♂, W. Nentwig leg. (CSP), 15 April 2009, 1♀, E. Líznarová leg. (CSP); Tarragona district:
Paratge Natural de Poblet, 15 April 2009, 1♂+2♀, L. Sentenská leg. (CSP); Barcelona district: Parc Natural de
Montsény, 15 April 2009, 1♀+2j, L. Sentenská leg. (CSP).
Distribution. Confined to the north-eastern part of Spain and around the Pyrenées (Fig. 29).
29
Zodarion styliferum styliferum (Simon, 1870)
Z. jozefienae: Barriga et al. (2006): 140 (misidentification)
Z. styliferum: Melic (2000): 36; Gouveia (2004): 20; Ferrández et al. (2006): 86–87; Cardoso et al. (2008a): 125.
Diagnosis & description. For both sexes see Bosmans (1994) and Pekár et al. (2003).
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Setúbal district: Vale da Rasca, 1 May 2004, 1♀; 1 June 2004, 4♂+1♀; 6
June 2004, 3♂+1♀; 14 June 2004, all P. Cardoso leg. (ZMC); 2♂+4♀; 3 July 2007, 3♂+3♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP);
Évora district: São Bento de Castris, 19 June 2007, 4♂+2♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Valverde da Mitra, 21 June 2007,
5♂+3♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); 29 September, 2007, 1♀+1j, M. Jarab leg. (CSP); Évora, 4 March 2008, 2♂, M. Jarab
leg. (CSP); 27 March 2009, 20♂+12♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Elvas, 10 April 2010, 4♀, E. Líznarová leg. (CSP);
Montemor-o-Novo, 10 April 2010, 1♀+6j, L. Sentenská leg. (CSP); Monsaraz, 10 April 2010, 1♀, E. Líznarová
(CSP); Borba, 10 April 2010, 2j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Faro district: Manta Rota, 23 June 2007, 17♂+5♀, S. Pekár
leg. (CSP); Madeira: Porto Moniz, 28 May 2006, 6♂+9♀, S. Pekár & M. Hrušková leg. (CSP). SPAIN. Barcelona
district: Sitges, 9 September 2006, 3♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Toledo district: Toledo, 18 May 2006, 7♂+2♀, W.
Nentwig leg. (CSP); 15 June 2006, 12♂+1♀+1j, W. Nentwig (CSP); Cabañeros Natural Park, April-June 2002,
50♂+27♀+5j, J. C. Barriga leg. (CSP); Valencia district: Bétera, Valencia, 26 October 2009, 2j, C. Monzó leg.
(CSP); Madrid district: El Pardo, 17 August 1977, 1♂, 18 January 1980, 1♀, 18 August 1980, 1♀ (MNCN);
Campo Real, 10 May 1990, 1♂, 24 May 1990, 1♀ (MNCN); Torrelodones, 17 July 2003, 1♀, 20 July 2002, 1♂, J.
Beamonte leg. (MNCN); Madrid, Vallecas, 4 April 1954, 1♂+2j, W. Steiner leg. (MNCN); Madrid, Casa de
Campo, 1 May 1953, 1♂, A.M. Castellote leg. (MNCN); Madrid, 15 October 1931, 1♀, D. Pelaez leg. (MNCN).
Distribution. It has been found across the entire peninsula (Fig. 30) and it also occurs in Madeira.
Zodarion styliferum extraneum Denis, 1935
Z. jozefienae: Barriga et al. (2006): 140 (misidentification)
Z. styliferum: Cardoso et al. (2009): 54
Description. For both sexes see Pekár et al. (2003).
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Beja district: Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana, Pomarão, 19 May 2006,
10♀; 21 May 2006, 2m+5♀; 23 May 2006, 1♂+5♀; all P. Cardoso leg. (ZMC); Ribeira de Limas, 22 May 2005,
1♂+2♀, S. Pekár & M. Hrušková leg. (CSP); Rio Ardila, 21 May 2005, 3♂+4♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); 2 April 2009,
2j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Algodôr, 30 June 2007, 4♂+3♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Corte da Velha, 1 July 2007, 1♀, S.
Pekár leg. (CSP); 2 April 2008, 1♂, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Mesquita, 4 April 2008, 1♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Alcaria
Ruiva, 12 April 2010, 1♂+13♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Évora district: Valverde da Mitra, 2 July 2007, 1♀, S. Pekár
leg. (CSP); Mourão, 11 April 2010, 1j, L. Sentenská leg (SCP); Portel, 12 April 2010, 1♀+3j, S. Korenko leg.
(CSP); Faro district: Fonte da Taipa, 9 November 2005, 3♂+3♀+2j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Vista Real, 25 June 2007,
3♂+2♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Santa Rita, 26 June 2007, 3♂+3♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Alcoutim, 3 April 2009,
2♂+20♀+1j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); 13 April 2010, 3♀+2j, L. Sentenská leg. (SCP); Santa Catarina, 6 April 2008,
1♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); São Brás de Alportel, 5 April 2009, 2♀+2j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Moncarapacho, 3 April
2009, 4♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Martinlongo, 3 April 2009, 3♂+1♀, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Setúbal district: Serra da
Arrábida, 3 July 2007, 3♂, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Lagoa da Sancha, 14 April 2010, 1♂, S. Korenko leg. (CSP);
Lagoa de Santo André, 14 April 2010, 1♂+2j, S. Pekár leg. (CSP); Bragança district: Freixo, 5 October 2007, 2j, S.
Pekár leg. (CSP). SPAIN. Toledo district: Cabañeros Natural Park, April–June 2002, 36♂+40♀+1j, J. C. Barriga
leg. (CSP); Madrid district: El Escorial, 7 April 1935, 5♀, A. Barros Machado leg. (MNCN); unknown, 17 July, 1♀
(MNCN).
Distribution. It has been recorded only in the western half of the peninsula, particularly in southern Portugal,
but it may occur across Spain (Fig. 31).
PEKAR ET AL.
Zodarion viduum Denis, 1937
Remark. Bosmans (1994) hesitantly combined the two sexes as they came from different collections. Rich
material of males and females collected at one site allowed us to match males and females, supporting Bosmans
(1994) decision.
Material examined. PORTUGAL. Aveiro district: Dunas de São Jacinto, 2006, 189♂+23♀+8j, C. Rufino leg.
(CSP); Furadouro, 11 May 2009, 35♂+25♀+3j, J.C. Carvalho leg. (CSP).
Distribution. It has been found only along the western coast of Portugal (Fig. 32).
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank N.I. Platnick (New York), C. Rollard (Paris), J.S. Almazan (Madrid), and A. de Castro (San
Sebastián) for the loan of comparative material. I. Sanchez-García, C. Monzó, L. Crespo, S. Henriques and W.
Nentwig are thanked for some material of Zodarion spiders. We are also grateful to M. Jarab, S. Korenko, M.
Řezáč, M. Hrušková, L. Sentenská, and E. Líznarová for a help to collect some specimens. Staff at the Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana have helped with fieldwork logistics. SP was supported by the grant no.
MSM0021622416 from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech republic. PC was supported by
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/40688/2007).
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