Deutsch - Jonathan Cross
Transcrição
Deutsch - Jonathan Cross
Deutsch Jonathan Cross Bargeld {n} = money Noten {pl} = notes Münzen {pl} = coins Kleingeld {n} = coins Rappen {m} = cents Franken {m} = franks Schule {f} = school Frage{f}/Antwort {f} =question/answer Farbe {f} = color dunkel/hell = dark/light blau = blue braun = brown beige = beige gelb = yellow golden = golden grün = green orange = orange (silent e) pink = hot pink rosa = light pink rot = red schwarz = black silbern = silver violett = purple weiß = white Zeit {f} = time Mal {n} = time (occassion) , (~mal = ~ times) Uhr {m} = clock, watch, o'clock Datum {n} = date Minute {f} / Stunde {f} = minute / hour um 8 uhr ... = at 8 o’clock Verb {n} = verb (Regular) arbeiten e = to work begrüssen = to greet Klasse {f} = class (siebente Auflage) benutzen = to use lernen = to learn, casual studying besuchen = to visit Pronunciation lesen / schreiben = read / write bitten = beg, request richtig / falsch = right / wrong = eye bleiben = to stay heute / gestern = today / yesterday Sie, ihr, ihnen=you (formal) Seite {f} = page = see blicken = to look (at) morgen = tomorrow du, dir, dich = you (inf) sprechen = to speak = toy braten = to fry, roast jetzt, nun / bald / später = now / soon / later ich,mir, mich = I,me,myself Student = student = father brauchen = to need (to use) wir, unser, uns = we, us studieren = to study (hardcore) Tag {m} = day = day or set bringen = to bring Morgen {m} = morning Übung {f} = exercise = boot or foot mein -e = my denken = to think Mittag {m} = noon Wort {n}/das Bild-er=word/picture = hue (lips) Nachmittag {m} = afternoon druken = print din -e = your Abend {m} = evening = go ihr, ihre, ihren, ihrer, ihres, ihrem drüken = press, duck, squeeze Leute {f} = person (common) Platz {m}, Ort {m} = place Nacht {f} = night ihr -e n = hers, theirs, yours Personen {pl} = people = burnt einladen = to invite, treat dies / das(s) = this / that Menschen {pl} = human beings sein -e = his Woche {f}: Montag, Dienstag, ermüden = to tire = cafe Mann {m} / Frau {f} / Kind {n} hier / dort, da = here / there unser -e = our Mittwoch, Donnerstag, Freitag, fahren = go, ride = bee -e = f or pl object st nd rd Samstag (Sonnabend), Sonntag Beruf {m} = profession erste, zweite, dritte = 1 , 2 , 3 ab|~ = to leave, depart Buchhändler = bookseller ch = loch am Montag = on Monday auto~ = drive einmal, zweimal... = once, twice... Ärztin / Arzt = doctor euer = m ”your” g = go eure = pl, f │multi-person ski~ = ski Freund = (boy/girl)friend front / hinter = front / behind euch (akk, dat) j = yes Monat {m}: Januar, Februar, März, zug~ = ride the train Kellner = waiter/waitress Mitte{f} / Center{n}=middle/center Lehrer = teacher pf = stepfather April, Mai, Juni, Juli, August, September, fallen = to fall, drop jede = any, each, every Oktober, November, Dezember Student = student sch = ship nächste / letzt = next / last ~r, ~n = everyone finden e = to think, find -in feminin + -en plural jemand = anyone, someone Nord- Sud- Ost- West- {adj} sp = shp fragen = to ask, question ~em, ~es, ~en Jahreszeit {f}: Sommer, Herbst, st = sht gefallen = to please keine(r) = noone Prefix & Suffix ober / oben = upper / top Winter, Frühling ß, ss = mass gehen = to go, walk aus... = from ... selbst=self (him~ her~ itself~) rechts / links = right / left ent... = free of ... gewinnen = win, aquire th = t sich = oneself, itself, eachother seit 3 Monaten = since 3 months ...heit = ...ly (with) über = over, on (talk over something) glauben = believe (think) niemand = nobody v, f, ph = fish ...keit = ...ness vor einem Jahr {n} = one year ago unter / unten = under / below eigen = one's “own” halten = to hold w = very Haupt... = main ... {noun} zweimal pro Woche = 2x per week man = one z = cats heissen = to be called ...los = ...less (without) kaufen = to buy Adjektive {n} = adjectives / adverbs ein|~ = to shop ver~ = to sell angestellt = employed {pp} klar = clear (understood), un~ = unclear stark / mild / energielos = strong / mild / weak kennen = to know of alt / neu / gebraucht = old / new / used komisch = strange, funny still = still, quiet ähnlich = similar to kochen = to cook komplex {m} = complex stimmt = true, right on! bald = soon {adv} süß / sauer = sweet / sour kommen = to come korrekt = correct dick / dünn = thick / thin sympathisch = likeable, friendly krank = ill an|~ = to arrive dumm = stupid teure, aufwendig / billig = expensive / cheap kunstlich = artificial mit~ = to come with eigentlich = actually {adv} typish / normal = typical / normal kurz / lang = short / long eklig = icky, disgusting kosten e {pl} = to cost toll = cool [coll.: excellent] langsam / schnell = slow / fast erst = only, “first” (to be ~ ) (Erst,erste,zuerst) verboten = forbidden kratzen = scratch langweilig = boring extra = extra verheiratet = married {pp} lachen = to laugh lecker = tasty extrem = extreme verliebt = in love lassen = let it be eicht / schwer = easy / hard falsch = incorrect verrückt = crazy Lieblings(bier) = favorite (noun) laufen = to walk, jog fein = fine, tasty viel = a lot, much lustig / dumm = funny / dumb fertig = finished leben = to be alive, exist voll / leer = full / empty mal = ... times fleissig / faul = dilligent / lazy über~ = to survive wahr = true männlich / weiblich = masculine / feminine fraglich / ehrlich = questionable / honest lernen = to learn, study weich / hart = soft / hard matschig = mushy fragwürdig = dubious / shady weit, fern = far mehr = more lieben = to love, like frei = free weiter = continuing {adv} ...meister = ...master machen = do, make ~er Tag {m} = day off wenig(er) / viel = a little (less) / a lot, much mit / ohne = with / without öffnen e = to open ~heit {f} = freedom wichtig = important unmöglich = impossible passen = to be suitable freundlich / wütend = friendly / angry würzig = spicy müde / energetisch = tired / energetic zerkocht = overcooked auf|~ = to look after frisch = fresh nah = near, or “in der Nähe sein” = to be near zu / auf = to (going to), too much / from früh / bald / spät = early / soon / late nass / dürr = wet / dry probiein = to try zusammen = all together neben = next to ganz -e = entire, totally rauchen = smoke offen / (ge)schlossen = open / close(d), off gefährlich = dangerous räumen = clear passt = fits, suitable geil = wicked [coll.: excellent] auf|~ = ~ up perfekt {n} = perfect genau = exactly (you’re right) pünktlich = accurate, on the dot (~ kommen) how often: reden = to talk gern -e = gladley, willingly richtig = right nie selten manchmal oft meistens immer rennen = run ~ haben = like rund = round never seldom sometimes often mostly always rufen = to call scharf = hot (spicy), sharp ~ tun = like doing sagen = to say schmutzig / sauber = dirty / clean Glauben {m} = belief (think-believe {v}) saufen = to booze, drink schon = already gleich -e / verschieden = same,equal / different * Definite is easy = just add an “e” schön / hässlich = beautiful / ugly glücklich, fröhlich / traurig = happy / sad schalten e = to switch, operate Der gelbe Mann {m} größer / kleiner = bigger / smaller sehr = very (mega = CH slang) an|~ = to turn on,switch on Die klare Idee {f} gut / super! / schlecht = good / great! / bad seit = for / since schlafen = sleep günstig = attractive spass = fun Indefinite: {m = er} {n = es} {f = e} schlagen = beat immer = always, ever, forever Ein schwarzes bier. später = later kälter / wärmer / heißer = colder / warmer / hotter schließen = to close, lock sehen = to see I you she / he / it we you (guys) they,You IRREGULAR andere Wörter = other words an|~ = to look at aber = but aus|~ wie = to look (adj) / / alle = all | alle* = everything sitzen = to sit als = as, when, than kommen come komme kommst kommt kommen kommt kommen sollen = should also = so, ...well... spazieren = stroll dürfen allowed, dare darf darfst darf ---------am = at (day), to the (an + dem) ... beim an = at, on, by (and many others) sprechen = to speak, talk essen eat esse isst isst ---------andere = other aus|~ = to pronounce auch = also, as well spielen = to play, gamble geben give (it gives) ---gibst gibt ---------auf = on [real things] or “in” search of... spritzen = spray, splash aus = from, out of haben have ---hast hat ---------starten e = to start bedeut (en) (ung) = mean / meaning stehen = to stand bei = near, at, with (context is everything) helfen help ---hilfst hilft ---------auf|~ = to “get up” beim = at the ... or beim Sprechen (while speaking) können be able kann kannst kann ---------bis = until ver|~ = understand dabei sein = to be present, to be game stellen = to put, lay, stand lesen read ---liest liest ---------damit = so studieren = study (hardcore) dann = then (time) mögen like mag magst mag ---------suchen = to search,find dem = das or der (dative) tanzen = to dance denn = then, because müssen must muss musst muss ---------treffen = to meet doch = but, however, yet “No, it is!” durch = via nehmen take ---nimmst nimmt ---------verpassen = miss (a train) etwa(s) / nichts = about (something) / nothing vermissen = miss (someone) sein be bin bist ist sind seid sind fast = almost wählen, aus|~ = to choose für = for warten = to wait tun do tue tust tut ---tut ---gerade = just (before) waschen = wash her = fro, bi-directional vergessen forget ---vergißt vergißt ---vergeßt ---wohnen = to live (at/in) im = in the (Er ist ~ Schlafzimmer) (in + dem) zahlen = to pay in = in, to werfen to throw --wirfst wirft ------irgend ~etwas = anything ~eine = any, some zeigen = to show (angry also) ei ie eu, äu a ä u ü,y o ö e i fragen / antworten = to ask / answer ¨ ¨ ┐ ┘ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ VERBS ich du sie er es wir ihr Sie ¨ ~wie = anyhow ~einer = anybody nach / aus = to / from ~wo = anywhere noch = still nun = [filler word] nur = only oder = or so = so uber = about um = at (time) und = and vielleicht = perhaps / maybe von = from, of, by vor = before, of, forward wieder = again weil = because zu = to (going to), too much zum = to, for (zu+dem) ~ Beispiel = for example zurück = back (to someplace) werden shall, will do ---- wirst wird ---- ---- ---- wissen know (fact) weiß weißt weiß ---- wißt ---- wollen to will,want willst will ---- ---- ---- will ¨ umluat du , sie/er/es forms. e extra “e” added for du , sie/er/es , ihr forms. du = “st” or “t” (never “sst” or “zst”?) ge~ = past (often) werden ~ = future kennen know of unknowable person less sure wissen theory, ideas, facts where? more sure Deutsch Phrasen {f} = Phrases Bitte, noch einmal. = Please, once more. Können Sie das bitte aufschriben? Kannst du bitte langsam sprechen? das bitte wiederholen? Was hast du gesagt? = = = = write it down speak slowly repeat what did you say? Kann ich dein W.C. benutzen? = Can I use your bathroom? Geht dieser Bus nach Zürich? = Does this bus go to Zurich? Es tut mir leid.... = I’m sorry. (it does me suffering) Zum geburtstag viel Glück. Zum geburtstag viel Glück! [etwas] ansehen = look at [something] Was Ich Du Der ist es? = what is it? habe es selbst gemacht. hast es selbst gemacht. Kuchen ist hausegemacht / selbstgemacht. = The cake is homemade / self-made. In der kürz liegt die Würze. = The shorter, the spicier. Dieses Gewürz ist nicht so scharf. Dieses Essen braucht mehr chili. Ich mag/liebe scharfes Essen. ARTICLES M bestimmt (def) nominativ der akkusativ den dative dem genitiv des unbestimmt (indef) nominativ ein akkusativ einen dativ einem genitiv eines negativ nominativ kein akkusativ keinen dative keinem genitiv keines N PL die die der der das das dem des die die den der eine eine einer einer ein ein einem eines --------- keine keine keiner keiner kein kein keinem keines keine keine keinen keiner ankommen Ich komme um 14:20 in Zürich an. at Wann kommen wir in Berlin an? Was essen wir? = what do we eat? Wie gehts? (informal) Was essen wir heute abend? = what do we eat tonight? Wie geht es dir? wohin gehts du? = when do you go? Wie geht es ihnen? (formal) Was kokoche du? = what cookin? Wie lange? = How long? Auf gehts! = Lets go! Siet wann? = Since when? Wollt ihr etwas? = You want something? Noch nicht = not yet. Um welche zeit bist du fertig? = what time are you done? Wenn bist du fertig? = when are you done (finished)? Wie viel kostet das? = how much is that? Es ist ziet sich zu entspannen. = its time to relax. An welchem Tag gehen wir? = which day do we go? Möchtest du (Möchten Sie) gerne etwas zum.....(essen, trinken) = would you like something to..... Was kannst du (können Sie) du empfehlen? = what can you recommend? Können wir jetzt bestellen? = can we order now? Ich möchte jetzt bestellen? = i would like to order now. Das kommt darauf an. = that depends Ich glaube = i think so Das glaube ich nicht = i don't think so Keine Ahnung. = I have no idea. Ich kann nich mehr. = I can’t go on. Ich nehme es as = i suppose so Es macht nicht = it doesn't matter Das (es?) ist mir egal = i don't mind / care Mit vergnügen = with pleasure F 7 Mit mir ist nicht gut Kirschen essen. = Not a good time to bother me. Mir - geht es nicht so gut. schlecht. super! sehr gut! CH Slang: mega ... = super ... Hanner = faucet Hure geil! = thats awesome! Gipfel = croissant g’nau = exactly! grusig = eklig mega fein! = tasty! moll = doch ohne Scheiße = no shit!? posta = to shop krass! = wicked! Scharfe = work tschau = bye, hello tschüss = bye (informal in CH) Z’morg = breakfast Z’mittag = lunch Z’nacht = dinner “W” frage Wort was = what während = while war = was welche (pl,f) welcher (m) welches (n) which wenn, wann = when, if wer {nom} wessen {gen} wem {dat} wen {akk} who whose {subject} {pos} {object} whom weil = because wie = how (what) wo = where (is) - woher = where (from) - wohin = where (to) warum, wieso = why Nomen {n} = nouns Arbeit {f} = work, job, activity ~geber = employer ~platz = workplace ~er (in) = worker Ausländer {m} = foreigner Beruf {m} = profession Besucher {m} = visitor Ding {n} = thing, thingamajig Fahrrad {n} = bicycle Feur {n} = fire Frühstück {n} = breakfast (lit “early piece”) Geschaft {n} = a shop Geschenk {n} = gift Gesundheit {f} = health Gift {n} = poison Haus {n} = house Wohnung {f} = apartment Einwohner {m} = habitant Mitbewohner {m} = roommate Nachbar {m} = neighbor Zimmer {n} (Raum {m}) = room (space) Dachboden {m}, Estrich {m,CH} = attic Keller {m} = cellar Esszimmer {n} = dining room Nachbar {m} = neighbor Schlafzimmer {n} = bedroom Bett {n} = bed Wohnzimmer {n} = livingroom Fernseher {m} = television Möbel {pl} = furniture Sofa {n} = sofa Stuhl {m} = chair Tisch {m} = table Wand {f} = wall Fenster {n} = window Tür {f} = door Holz {n} = wood Kampf {m} = fight Kater {m} = male cat, hangover (einen ~ haben) Kirche {f} = church Kirsche {f} = cherry Kraft {f} = power, strength ~werk {n} = power plant Kopfschmerz {m} = headache Kraftwerk {n} = power plant Kunst {f} = art Land {n} = country Leben {n} = life Leute {f} = people Liebe {f} = love Luft {f} = air Mixtur {f} = mixture Nähe {f} = near Paar {n} = couple Panzer {m} = tank, safe deposit box Pause {f} = pause, a break Rat {m} = advice Reise {f} = trip, journey ~büro = travel office ~n = travel ~nde = traveler ~pass or pass = passport ~ziel = destination Schiff {n} = ship See = lake Sonne {f} / Mond {m} = sun / moon Spiel {n} = game ~en {verb} = play ~er {m} = a player ~waren = toys ~bank = casino ~karte = playng cards ~zeug {n} = toy Stadt {f} = city Straßenbahn {f} = tram Tier {n} = animal Traum {m} = dream Teigwaren {pl} = pasta (lit ”dough wares”) Unterhaltung {f} = entertainment Zahlen {f} = numbers (or the bill) Zeitschrift {f} = magazine Zeitung {f} = newspaper Zeug {n} = stuff Werk~ = tool Flug~ = airplane Zug {m} = train, the “move” in a game Familie {f} = family Bruder {m} = brother Cousin {m} = cousin Freund {m} [Freundschaft] = friend Freund {m} [Liebesbeziehung] = boyfriend Freundin {f} [Liebesbeziehung] = girlfriend Mutter {f} = mother Onkel {m} = uncle Schwester {f} = sister Stiefmutter {f} = stepmother Stiefvater {m} = stepfather Tante {f} = aunt Vater {m} = father Getränke {pl} = drinks alkoholfrei = alcohol-free {adj} Bier {n} = beer Cola {f} {n} = cola Espresso {m} = espresso heiße Schokolade {f} = hot chocolate Kaffee {m} = coffee Koffein {n} = caffeine koffeinfrei = caffeine-free {adj} Kräutertee {m} = herbal tea Milch {f} = milk Rotwein {m} = red wine Saft {m} = juice Tee {m} = tea Wasser {n} = water Wein {m} = wine Weißwein {m} = white wine Zitronenwasser {n} = lemonade Körper = body {attr} Arm {m} = arm Auge {n} = eye Augenbraue {f} = eyebrow Bauch {m} = belly Brust {f} = breast Brust {f} = chest Finger {m} = finger Fuß {m} = foot Haare {pl} [Haarwuchs] = hair Haare schneiden = to cut hair Hand {f} = hand Kinn {n} = chin Knie {n} = knee Kopf {m} = head Lippe {f} = lip Mund {m} = mouth Nacken {m} = neck Nase {f} = nose Ohr {n} = ear Po {m} [ugs.] = butt [coll.] Rücken {m} = back Schulter {f} = shoulder Zeh {m} = toe Zunge {f} = tongue Kleidung {f} = clothes Badeanzug {m} = swimsuit Bikini {m} = bikini Gürtel {m} = belt Handschuhe {pl} = gloves Hose {f} = trousers,pants [esp. Am.] Jacke {f} = jacket Jeans {f} = jeans Kauf {m} = purchase Mantel {m} = coat Mütze {f} = beanie Pullover {m} = pullover Rock {m} = skirt Schal {m} = scarf Schal {m} = shawl Schlafanzug {m} = pajamas [Am.] Schuhe {pl} = shoes Socken {pl} = socks Strümpfe {pl} = stockings T-Shirt {n} = T-shirt Küche {f} [Raum] = kitchen Besen {m} = broom Deckel {m} = lid Dose {f} = can Dosenöffner {m} = can opener Flasche {f} = bottle Gabel {f} = fork Glas {n} = glass Herd {m} = stove Kochlöffel {m} = cooking spoon Korkenzieher {m} = corkscrew Küchenrolle {f} = paper towels {pl} Kühlschrank {m} = refrigerator Löffel {m} = spoon Messer {n} = knife Mikrowelle {f} = microwave Mikrowellenherd {m} = microwave oven Napf {m} = bowl Pfanne {f} = frying-pan Pfeffermühle {f} = pepper mill Reibe {f} = grater Schale {f} = bowl Schwamm {m} = sponge Serviette {f} = napkin Sieb {n} = sieve Spachtel {m} {f} = spatula Spatel {m} = spatula Suppenteller {m} = soup plate Tasse {f} = cup Teller {m} = plate Toaster {m} = toaster Topf {m} = pot Kauf {m} = purchase guter ~ = good bargain ~en {n} = buying Käufer {m} = shopper ~haus {n} = department store ~mann {m} = dealer Verkäufer {m} = salesman Verkäuferin {f} = saleswoman verkäuflich = for sale {adj} [postpos.] zu verkaufen = for sale zum Verkauf = for sale Essen {n}, Speise {f} = food Lebensmittel {n} = groceries Aperitif {m} = aperitif Abendessen {n} = dinner Balsamico-Essig {m} = balsamic vinegar Bete {f} = beet Blaukraut {n} = red cabbage Bohnen {pl} = beans Braten {m} = roast braten = to barbecue Brokkoli {m} = broccoli [Brassica oleracea] Brot {n} = bread Butter {f} = butter Chili {m} = chili [Am.] Curry {m} {n} = curry Dessert {n} = dessert Dinkel {m} = spelt Ei {n} = egg Eis {n} = ice cream Essig {m} = vinegar Frucht {f} = fruit Frühstück {n} = breakfast Gemüse {pl} = vegetables Gewürz {n} = condiment Honig {m} = honey Imbiss {m} = snack Karotte {f} = carrot [Daucus carota ssp. sativus] Käse {m} = cheese Ketschup {m} {n} [Rsv.] = ketchup Kichererbse {f} = chickpea Knoblauch {m} = garlic Kohl {m} = cabbage Kohl {m} = collard [Brassica oleraceae] Kokosnuss {f} = coconut Koriander {m} = cilantro [Am.] Koriander {m} = coriander Lemone {f} = lime Linsen {pl} = lentils Margarine {f} = margarine Marmelade {f} [aus Zitrusfrüchten] = marmalade Mehl {n} = flour Mittagessen {n} = lunch Müsli {n} = granola Müsli {n} = muesli Obst {n} = fruit Olive {f} = olive Olivenöl {n} = olive oil Oregano {m} = oregano [Origanum vulgare] Pfeffer {m} = pepper Pizza {f} = pizza Pommes Frites {pl} = French fries [Am.] Quark {m} = curd Rahm {m} = cream [part of milk] Reis {m} = rice Rotkohl {m} = red cabbage Rotkraut {n} = red cabbage Ruebli {n} [schweiz.] = carrot Sahne {f} = cream Salat {m} = salad Salz {n} = salt Schokolade {f} = chocolate Senf {m} = mustard Soja {n} = soy Sonnenblumenöl {n} = sunflower oil Soße {f} = sauce Spagetti {pl} [Rsv.] = spaghetti Suppe {f} = soup Tofu {n} = tofu Tomate {f} = tomato Weizen {m} = wheat Zitrone {f} = lemon Zucker {m} = sugar Zwiebeln {pl} = onions