teqnikuri angariSi 23 mdinare alazanis wyalSemkrebi

Transcrição

ბუნებრივი რესურსების ინტეგრირებული მართვა საქართველოს
წყალშემკრებ აუზებში (INRMW- საქართველო)
teqnikuri angariSi 23
mdinare alazanis wyalSemkrebi auzis zedawelis
sapilote teritoriis energo analizi
aprili 2013
momzadebulia:G GLOWS konsorciumis partniori vinrok inTerneiSenalis
mier mis qvekontraqtor mdgradi ganviTarebisa da
politikis centrTan TanamSromlobiT
telefoni: (+99532) 250 63 43
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
winamdebare angariSi Seqmnilia USAIDis mxardaWeriT, No.CA # AID-114-LA-10-00004 SeTanxmebis farglebSi.
naSromSi asaxuli mosazreba ekuTvnis sxvadasxva avtors da ar warmoadgens amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis oficialur pozicias.
sarCevi
gamoyenebuli Semoklebebis CamonaTvali ...................................................................................... 3
Sesavali .................................................................................................................................................... 4
2. socio-ekonomikuri konteqsti ....................................................................................................... 7
2.energo resursebi .............................................................................................................................. 15
3. energo seqtori ................................................................................................................................. 27
3.1 moxmareba ....................................................................................................................................... 27
3.1.1 eleqtroenergia ........................................................................................................................ 27
3.1.2 bunebrivi gazi ............................................................................................................... 33
3.1.3 Txevadi sawvavi ............................................................................................................... 37
3.1.4 sawvavi SeSa...................................................................................................................... 38
4. Eenergiis moxmarebis analizi saojaxo meurneobebSi ....................................................... 39
5.adgilobrivi mTavroba da energo seqtori ............................................................................ 50
6. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi ........................................................................................................ 53
danarTi 1: saojaxo energo moxmarebis kiTxvari .................................................................... 58
danarTi 2: gamartivebuli energo balansi ................................................................................. 64
iv
gamoyenebuli Semoklebebis
CamonaTvali
USAID
INRMW Program
WI
SDAP
EE
HH
EU
HPP
mgvt
mgvt/sT
NG
PV
RE/EE
RE
SHP
kvt
kvtsT
PPA
NGO
GoG
MENRP
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso
ganviTarebis saagento
integrirebuli resursebis marTvis programa
saqarTvelos wyalsemkreb auzebSi
vinrok interneiSenali
mdgradi ganviTarebisa da politikis centri
energo efeqturoba
saojaxo meurneobebi
evrogaerTianeba
hidroeleqtrosadguri
megavat
megavatsaaTi
bunebrivi gazi
mzis elementebi
ganaxlebadi energia/energoefeqturoba
ganaxlebadi energia
mcire hidroeleqtrosadguri
kilovati
kilovatsaaTi
eleqtroenergiis Sesyidvis xelSekruleba
arasamTavrobo organizacia
saqarTvelos mTavroba
saqarTvelos energetikisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministro
3
Sesavali
mdinare alazanis zedawelis sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzis energo analizi
SemuSavebuli iqna programis ‘bunebrivi resursebis integrirebuli marTva
saqarTvelos wyalSemkreb auzebSi (INRMW)’ farglebSi. aRniSnuli dokumenti
warmoadgens
mdinare alazanis zedawelis sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzis
energetikul analizs da moicavs INRMW programis mier 2011 wels SerCeul
axmetisa da Telavis municipalitetebs.
aRniSnuli kvleva mdgradi ganviTarebisa da politikis centrma (SDAP)
Caatara vinrok interneiSenalTan xelmowerili kontraqtis mixedviT (Prime
Contract # AID-114-LA-10-00004 INRMW, Subcontract # 6331-11-01) programis meore komponentis
- detaluri Sefaseba da Temis CarTuloba - farglebSi.
GLOWS INRMW programis energetikuli komponentis mizania, daxmareba gauwios
adgilobriv mTavrobebs raTa maT gaaumjobeson wyalSemkrebi auzis
farglebSi arsebuli energo resursebis mdgradi moxmareba, distribucia da
marTva. Aam miznis misaRwevad, pirvel etapze moxda sapilote wyalSemkrebi
auzebis teritroriisaTvis ZiriTadi energetikuli informaciis Segroveba,
damuSaveba. Sedegad, oTxi sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzisaTvis, moZiebuli
energetikuli monacemebis safuZvelze momzadda safuZvliani energetikuli
analizi.
winamdebare wkalSemkrebi auzis energetikuli analizis miznebia:



Seafasos adgilobrivi energetikuli resursi proeqtis oTx sapilote
wyalSemkreb
auzSi
(angariSSi
ZiriTadi
aqcenti
gakeTebulia
ganaxlebad energo-resursebze);
daadginos energiis mixmarebisa da warmoebis arsebuli tendenciebi;
energoefeqturobaSi
isvesticiebisa
da
praqtikis
gamoyenebiT
gamoavlinos energiis moxmarebis Semcirebis gzebi;
‘bunebrivi resursebis integrirebuli marTva saqarTvelos wyalSemkreb
auzebSi (INRMW)’ programis energetikuli komponentis meore etapia
wyalSemkreb auzebSi Semavali municipalitetebis energetikuli pasportebis
SemuSaveba. winamdebare energetikuli analizi qmnis energetikuli pasportis
SemuSavebis safuZvels. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom energetikuli analizis
dokumenti mocemuli wyalSemkrebi auzisaTvis, SesaZloa ganxilul iqnas
calkeul dokumentad, vinaidan is warmoadgens konkretuli periodis
energetikuli mdgomareobis suraTs aRniSnuli teritoriisaTvis.
energetikuli
pasporti
mudmivad
ganaxlebadi
dokumentia,
masSi
SesaZlebelia monacemebis perioduli ganaxleba, aseve aRniSnuli programa
energo gegmarebis saSualebas iZleva. energetikuli gegmarebis meSveobiT
SesaZlebelia moxdes
garkveuli geografiuli teritoriis farglebSi
4
arsebuli energo moxmarebisa da ganawilebis tendenciebis swori marTva da
momavalSi misi efeqturi gamoyeneba.
energetikuli
gegmarebis
modelis
SemuSavebisaTvis,
gadawyda
SemuSavebuliyo eleqtronuli programa, romelic iqneboda ara romelime
konkretuli energo sistemis modeli, aramed gamoiyeneboda rogorc
instrumenti sxvadasxva tipis energo sistemis modelebis SesamuSaveblad.
amgvar eleqtronul programas ,energo pasporti’ ewoda. TviToeuli
wyalSemkrebi auzisaTvis momzadebuli energo passporti saWiroebs misTvis
damaxasiaTebel monacemTa struqturas. aRniSnuli energetikuli gegmarebis
programis (energo pasporti) meSveobiT SesaZlebelia proeqtis samizne
teritoriebisaTvis energo balansis prognozireba da energetikuli
samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba.
energetikuli pasporti moicavs saerTo energo balanss, romelic Tavis
mxriv qveynis doneze aanalizebs da warmoadgens energetikul sistemasTan
dakavSirebul monacemebs. aRniSnuli midgoma gamoiyeneba mTeli rigi
globaluri
da
regionaluri
organizaciebis
mier,
aseve
qveynebis
mTavrobebis mier, rogorc universaluri gegmarebiTi instrumenti. misi
formatidan gamomdinare, energo balansi SeiZleba gamoyeneuli iqnas
rogorc energo pasportis programis Seqmnis safuZveli. Menergo pasportis
programis modificireba SesaZlebeli iqneba sxvadasxva analitikuri da
gadawyvetilebebis misaRebi instrumentis Sesaqmnelad, rac daakmayofilebs
saqarTvelos adgilobrivi municipalitetebis ganviTarebis moTxovnebs.
energetikuli resursis Sefasebisas yuradReba gamaxvilda adgilobrivi
Temis doneze arsebuli altenatiuli sawvavis wyaroebze da iseT energo
efeqtur teqnologiebze, romelTa gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia energo
moxmarebis Semcireba da amavdroulad maqsimaluri komfortis miReba.
programa Seiswavlis calkeuli engomatarebeli bunebriv resursebis
mdgradi gamoyenebis potencials, gamoavlens maTi moxmarebiT gamowveul
safrTxeebs da daadgens maTi optimaluri gamoyenebis variantebs. saproeqto
teritoriis energo Sefasebis dokumentSi ganxiluli kvlevebi moicavs
teritoriis hidroenegetikuli potencialis mimoxilvas, merqnuli SeSis
gamoyenebis praqtikis Seswavlas da SesaZlo alternativebs, romlebic
Seamcirebs/Caanacvlebs SeSis gamoyenebis moTxovnas.
winamdebare analitikuri angariSi Sedgenili iqna, mdinare rionis
zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzis energo Sefasebis magaliTze dayrdnobiT,
Tumca winamdebare angariSi garkveulwilad rigi faqtorebis arsebobis gamo
gansxvavdeba mdinare rionis zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzis energo
Sefasebis angariSisagan, kerZod:


pirveli,
aRniSnuli
dokumentis
momzadebisas
SDAP
centris
warmomadgenlebs meti dro qondaT savele gasvlebisaTvis;
meore, SDAP centri aqtiurad TanamSromlobda CARE jgufis wevrebTan,
ramac
saSualeba
mogvca
kvlevis
Sedegebisas
maqsimalurad
gaTvaliswinebuli yofiliyo INRMW programis mier SesaZlo sagranto
daxmarebis komponenti;
5

mesame,
winamdebare dokumenti moicavs adgilobrivi samTavrobo
struqturebis
SenobebSi
energo
moxmarebis
sakiTxebs,
aseve
adgilobrivi
mTavrobebisa
da
energokompaniebis
urTierTTanamSromlobis sakiTxebs (es sakiTxebi raWis energo
Sefasebis dokumentSi ganxiluli ar iyo)
winamdebare angariSSi aseve ganxilulia saojaxo meurneobebis energo
moxmarebis arsebuli praqtikis SedarebiTi analizi mdinare rionisa da
alazanis zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzebisaTvis. aRniSnuli SedarebiTi
analizis Sedegebi iZleva sxvadasxva geografiuli teritoriebisa da
gansxvavebuli socioekonomiuri pirobebis mqone energo moxmarebis suraTs.
aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom sakvlevi teritoriis (mdinare alazanis
zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzi) geografiuli sazRvari ar emTxveva
adgilobrivi
municipalitetebis
sazRvrebs.
TuSeTi,
saqarTvelos
mniSvnelovani istoriul-geografiuli regioni administraciulad ekuTvnis
axmetis municipalitets, amavdroulad TuSeTi mdinare alazanis zedawelis
wyalSemkreb auzSi ar mdebareobs (geografiuli TvalsazrisiT, TuSeTi
samxreT kavkasiis regionis sazRvis miRma mdebareobs). am konkretul
SemTxvevaSi, TuSeTs sakvlevi teritoriis energo moxmarebis monacemebze
gavlena ar gaaCnia, radgan TuSeTSi mudmivad mcxovrebi mosaxleoba mcirea
(TuSeTis mosaxleoba sezonurad sxvadasxva adgilze cxovrobs; teritorias
mosaxleoba ZiriTadad zafxulSi stumrobs). garda amisa, TuSeTis
mosaxleobas centraluri saxelmwifo sistemidan eleqtro energia ar
miwodeba, am mizezebis gamo municipalitetis monacemebi ar moicavs
informacias TuSeTis Temis Sesaxeb1.
winamdebare angariSis mixedviT dasturdeba, rom miuxedavad garkveuli
socialur-ekonomikuri parametrebis sxvaobebisa or sakvlev teritoriaze,
saojaxo meurneobebSi energo moxmarebis maCveneblebi metnaklebad msgavsia
mdinareebis
rionisa
da
alaznis
zedawelis
auzebisaTvis.
imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kaxeTis regionSi zamTris sezonSi mosaxleobis
mniSvnelovani migracia ar fiqsirdeba (raWis regionisgan gansxvavebiT),
eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis modelebi gansxvavdeba am ori regionisaTvis.
meores mxriv, raWis regionis msgavsad, sakvlevi teritoriis mosaxleoba
zamTris sezonsi gaTbobis uzrunvelsayofad mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli
merqnuli SeSis resursze; SeSa kaxeTis regionSi mniSvnelovan saTbob
resurss warmoadgens.
1
mosaxleobis raodenobis sesaxeb arsebuli monacemebimogvawoda axmetis municipalitetma
6
2. socio-ekonomikuri konteqsti
mdinare alaznis zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi,
kaxeTis regionSi, mdebareobs; mdinare rionis zedawelis wyalSemkrebi
auzisgan gansxvavebiT, mocemuli sakvlevi teritoria - mdinare alazanis
zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzis teritoria ar emTxveva municipalitetebis
sazRvrebs moicavs Telavis municipalitets da axmetis municipalitetis
nawils. TuSeTis Temi, romelic administraciulad axmetis municipalitets
ekuTvnis, mdinare alazanis zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzis teritoriis
farglebs scdeba.
qvemoT
mocemulia
rukaze
naCvenebia
wyalSemkrebi auzis sazRvrebi.
mdinare
alazanis
zemowelis
7
suraTi 1.1
sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzebis situaciuri ganlageba saqarTvelos teritoriaze, mdinareebis, rionisa da
alazanis auzebSi
ruqa damuSavebulia nuca meRvineTuxucesis (INRMW programis mier daqiravebuli GIS eqsperti) mier
8
axmetis municipalitetis mosaxleoba ganawilebulia qalaq axmetasa (8,622
adamiani an saerTo mosaxleobis 19.8%) da 14 sasoflo TemSi, romelic 61
sofels moicavs 2 . am soflebidan 28is mosaxleoba 100 adamianze mcirea,
zogierTi maTganis mosaxleoba ki 50 adamianze naklebia. Telavis
municipalitetis SemTxevaSi qalaq TelavSi mTeli municipalitetis 27.4%
cxovrobs, danarCeni mosaxleoba ganawilebulia 22 sasoflo TemSi,
romelic 24 sofelisagan Sedgeba; maTgan 4 sofelSi 500 adamianze nalebi
cxovrobs. yvela sxva danarCen sofelSi 1000-ze meti mosaxlea, rac
saqarTveloSi did soflad iTvleba. Telavis municipaliteti adgilobrivi
Temis
organizaciis
Taviseburebebidan
gamomdinare
gansxvavebulia
saqarTvelos sxva municipalitetebisagan. Telavis municipalitetis Temebi
mxolod erTi soflisganaa warmodgenili, gamonaklisia fSavelis Temi,
romelic ori soflisgan Sedgeba. axmetis municipalitetSi ki piriqiT,
mxolod erTi-matanis Temis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis erTi sofeli, danarCeni
Temebi ramdenime (ori an meti) sofliTaa warmodgenili. axmetis TemSi sami
sofelia sadac TiTo sofelSi 1-3 adamiani cxovrobs.
axmetis municipalitetSi (TuSeTis CaTvliT), mosaxleobis simWidrove
Zalian dabalia (19.7 adamiani kvadratul kilometrze). TuSeTis gamoklebiT
ki mosaxleobis simWidrove daaxloebiT 41 adamiania kvadratul kilometrze
(TiTqmis orjer meti). Telavis municipalitetSi mosaxleobis simWidrove
daaxloebiT 66 adamiania kvadratul kilometrze; mosaxleobis ZiriTadi
nawili
mdinare
alazanis
marjvena
sanapiroze
cxovrobs
da
koncentrirebulia qalaq Telavis garSemo (Telavis Temis mxolod 7
sofeli mdinare alazanis marcxena sanapirozea ganTavsebuli).
aRniSnuli
informaciis
ZiriTadi
nawili
efuZvneba
municipaluri
ganviTarebis strategiul dokumentSi moyvanil monacemebs, Tumca aqve
gvsurs
avRniSnoT,
rom
aRniSnuli
dokumenti
saqarTvelos
yvela
municipalitetebisaTvis
SemuSavebulia araa.
ambrolaurisa da onis
municipalitetebisTvis arsebobs amgvari dokumenti, Telavis SemTxvevaSi
municipalitetisaTvis ki - ara (aRniSvnas saWiroebs is faqti, rom Telavis
municipalitets sakuTari vebgverdic ki ar gaaCnia). axmetis SemTxvevaSi Cven
moviZieT mxolod axmetis municipaluri infrastruqturis ganviTarebis
programa, romelic 2010 wliT TariRdeba. maSinac ki, roca amgvari
dokumenti arsebobs, masSi moyvanili monacemebi saTuoa. magaliTad,
sxvadasxva oficialur wyaroSi mocemulia sxvadasxva cifri axmetis
municipalitetis teritoriis farTobis Sesaxeb. maTgan erTi, mocemulia
axmetis municipaluti infrastruqturis ganviTarebis programaSi, ori
sxvadasxva monacemi fiqsirdeba kaxeTis regionaluri administraciis
vebgverdze3
2
qalaqi axmeta aris axmetis municipalitetis centri. Monacemebi mosaxleobis raodenobis Sesaxeb,
miRebulia Sesabamisi municipalitetidan.
3
2
ixileT, axmetis ganviTarebis programa - 2641 km ,Semdegi gverdebi: http://www.kakheti.gov.ge/index.php?cat=77&par=6 as 2583
2
2
km , page http://www.kakheti.gov.ge/index.php?cat=6&par=6 – 2248 km .
9
TuSeTSi mudmivad mcxovrebi mosaxleoba daaxloaebiT 1959 wlidan aRar
fiqsirdeba (roca sabWoTa mmarTvelobam ver SeZlo sasicocxlo pirobebis
saTanado uzrunvelyofa). TuSeTis mosaxleoba axmetis sxvadasxva nawilSi
cxovrobs. GTuSeTTan damakavSirebeli gruntis gza pirvelad 1981 wels
aSenda da masze gadaadgileba mxolod maRali gamavlobis manqanebisTvisaa
SesaZlebeli.
axmetis
municipalitetis
oficialuri
informaciaze
dayrdnobiT
(axmetis
municipaluri
infrastruqturis
ganviTarebis
programa), 2010 wels
TuSeTSi 76 permanentulad mcxovrebi adamiani
fiqsirdeboda.
axmetis municipalitetma SDAP centrTan interviusas
ganacxada, rom TuSeTis permanentuli mosaxleoba
2012 wlisTvis 112
adamians Seadgenda. es raodenoba TuSeTis 6 sofelSi cxovrobs (saSualod
1.17 adamiani ojaxSi 4 ). TuSeTSi 32 dasaxlebaa, mosaxleobis raodenoba
zafxulis sezonze matulobs (Tumca zafxulis sezonSi mosaxleobis zusti
raodenobis dadgena rTulia). TuSeTs eleqtroeneria an bunebrivi gazi ar
miewodeba (regionSi ar arsebobs energo distribuciis infrastruqtura),
rogorc 2010 wels kaxeTis energo distribuciis kompaniis direqtorma SDAP
centrTan intervius dros ganacxada, elementaruli finansur-teqnikuri
mizanSewonilobis gaTvaliswinebiT, uaxloes momavalSi ar igegmeba uwyveti
energiis miwodeba TuSeTisaTvis. axmetisa da Telavis municipalitetebSi
(raWisgan gansxvavebiT) mosaxleobis zrdis pozitiuri trendi fiqsirdeba
(2000 wlamde mosaxleobis raodenoba metnaklebad ucxveli iyo; Tumca, 1989
wlidan 2000 wlamde mosaxleobis klebam 9 % Seadgina).
saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis manZilze kaxeTi mevenaxeobisa da Rvinis
warmoebis mixedviT saqarTvelos erT-erT mTavar regionad ganixileba.
samwuxarod, venaxebiTa da Rvinis warmoebiT ganTqmulma agrarulma mxarem
ver SeZlo ekonimikurad Zlier regionad Camoyalibeba. regionisaTvis
rTuli aRmoCnda Tavdapirvelad sabWoTa, mogvianebiT ki rusuli (2006 wlis
Semdgom) bazris dakargva (Rvinis industria ZiriTadad aRniSnuli
bazrisTvis iyo morgebuli). kaxeTis regionis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
perspeqtiva ar iZleva optimizmis safuZvels. saqarTvelos 11 regionidan
kaxeTi erT-erTi mcire warmoebis maxasiaTebliT xasiaTdeba (mas mosdevs
saqarTvelos 4 regioni: raWa, guria, mcxeTa-mTianeTi da samcxe-javaxeTi)5.
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, kaxeTis regioni qveynisaTvis mniSvnelovan
politikur ekonomikur rols TamaSobda. Tumca dRes arsebuli situacia
gansxvavebulia. miuxedavad imisa, rom kaxeTis mosaxleoba saqarTvelos
mosaxleobis 9.12 % Seadgens, kaxeTis wili qveynis saerTo mSp-Si 5.4%-ia.
kaxeTis regionis mTliani Sida produqti erT sul mosaxleze saSualod
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis Semosavlis 59.25 % Seadgens. mSp erT sul
mosaxleze. kaxeTis regionis ekonomikuri simWidrovis maCvenebeli dabalia
da 2010 wlisTvis es maCvenebeli 85,530 lari erT km 2 Seadgenda (raCisTvis es
maCvenebelia – 475,472 lari km2 da TbilisisaTvis ki – 11.7 mln lari km2).6
4
5
AaxmetisaTvis es monacemi daaxloebiT ojaxSi 2.6 adamians Seadgens
ixileT wyaro: http://www.geostat.ge/index.php?action=page&p_id=211&lang=geo
6
ixileT wyaro: kaxeTis regionaluri ganviTarebis proeqti; Kakheti Regional DevelopmentProject, Cost-Benefit
Analysis
10
2011 wels kaxeTis regionSi mcxovrebi 406, 000 adamianidan, daaxloebiT 12,500
adamiani iyo dakavebuli kerZo seqtorSi (igulisxmeba TviTdasaqmebac), es
raodenoba 2010 wlis monacemTan SedarebiT gacilebiT naklebia 7 . Telavis
municipalitetisaTvis msgavsi imformaciis mopoveba ver SevZeliT; axmetis
infrastruqturis ganviTarebis programis informaciiT (gv. 18), 2010
wlisTvis axmetis municipalitetSi 6 industriuli sawarmo (2, 200 000
laris jamuri warmoeba) fiqsirdeboda (sawarmoSi dasaqmebuli iyo 225
adamiani). aRniSnuli warmoebebi Rvinis mrewvelobas ekuTvnis, romelsac
Tavis mxriv ver uzrunvelyofs wlis ganmalobaSi didi raodenobiT
adamianis dasaqmebas.
am
informacias
adasturebs
2009-2014 wlebis
kaxeTis
regionaluri
8
ganviTarebis strategia , romelic UNDP –is dafinansebiT mimdinare kaxeTis
regionaluri ganviTarebis proeqtis mier SemuSavda. kaxeTis regioni,
romelic Tavis mxriv Rvinis warmoebaze mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli,
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT CamorCeba saqarTvelos sxva
regionebs. AkaxeTis regionis aqtiuri mosaxleobis 80% dasaqmebulia
soflis meurneobis seqtorSi (TviTdasaqmebis done maRalia). Miuxedavad
imisa, rom umuSevrobis done oficialuri wyaroebis informaciiT maRalia
(strategiis SemuSavebis periodSi 19 % -s Seadgenda), realurad es monacemi
kidev ufro maRal maCvenebels aRwevs. saqarTveloSi dasaqmebulad iTvleba
nebismieri adamiani, romelic flobs sil mcire 1 heqtar sasoflo-sameurneo
miwis nakveTs. rogorc SDAP is mier Catarebuli savele kvleva adasturebs,
soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebuli adamianebis Semosavali arastabiluria
(sezonurobidan gamomdinare); Sesabamisad isini ar miiCneven mudmivi
Semosavlis wyaros mqone adamianebad.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier kaxeTis ekonomikuri ganviTareba qveynis
strategiul amocanadaa miCneuli. miuxedavad amisa, kaxeTis regionaluri
ganviTarebis
strategiuli
dokumentSi
gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba
gamaxvilebulia
regionSi
turizmis
ganviTarebis
sakiTxebze.
am
mimarTulebiT
regionSi ganxorcielda rigi
proeqtebisa,
romelsac
wyalSemkrebi auzis sakvlevi teritoriaze mniSvnelovani gavlena ar
mouxdenia.
damatebiT,
saqarTvelos
regionaluri
ganviTarebisa
da
infrastruqturis saministro gegmavs municipaluri ganviTarebis fondis
gavliT 75 milioni aSS dolaris Rirebulebis kaxeTis ganviTarebis
proeqtebis ganxorcielebas. aRniSnuli proeqtebi moicavs: urbanul
ganviTarebisa da turistuli da saTemo infrastruqturis aRdgenis
sakiTxebs regionis masStabSi.
aRniSnuliPproeqtis
farglebSi,
dagegmilia
Telavisa
da
yvarelis
istoriuli nawilis sruli reabiliatacia, reabilitacia moicavs istoriul
Zeglebsac9.
7
8
9
http://www.geostat.ge/index.php?action=page&p_id=211&lang=geo
http://www.undp.org.ge/files/24_742_488455_kakheti-strategy-eng.pdf
http://www.mrdi.gov.ge/index.php?option=com_igallery&view=igcategory&id=15&Itemid=6&lang=en
11
2012 wlis 1 maiss, strategiuli ganviTarebis saagentom, romelic Tavis
mxriv dafuZvnda rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri saqarTvelos
prezidentis #316 brZanebis (2012 wlis 19 aprili) Tanaxmad, qalaq yvarelSi
(kaxeTis regioni) gamarTa Sexvedra, sadac sazogadoebas miawoda informacia
kaxeTis
ganviTarebis
samomavlo gegmebTan
dakavSirebiT.
aRniSnuli
saagentos
funqciaa
turizmis
sxvadasxva
seqtorSi
ganviTarebuli
proeqtebis koordinireba da monitoringi.
pirveli etapisaTvis strategiuli ganviTarebis saagentom kaxeTisa da
imereTis
regionebi
SearCia
turizmis
ganviTarebis
proeqtebis
dasafinanseblad. 10 amavdroulad, aqcenti ar keTdeba dasaqmebis zrdasa da
soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaze, rac kaxeTis regionisaTvis ekonomikuri
krizisis Tavidan aridebis mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens. saagentos
mier arcerTi proeqti mdinare alazanis zedawelis wyalSemkreb auzis
teritoriisaTvis warmodgenili ar aris, Tumca gamonaklisia qalaq Telavis
Senobebis reabilitacia.
rogorc mdinare rionis wedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzis energo analizma
aCvena, energomatareblebis miwodebis dinebis wyvetam da/an ararsebobam,
SeiZleba gamoiwvios energo balansis darRveva, maSinac ki rodesac energo
matareblebis resursi sakmarisia. analizi aCvenebs, rom kaxeTis regioni
(msgavsad raWis regionisa) warmoadgens energo balansis rRvevis tipiur
magaliTs, rodesac arsebobs sakmarisi energo maragi.
10
ixileT wyaro: http://www.internet.ge/?l=GE&m=5&sm=0&ID=2207, an
http://www.rustavi2.com/news/news_textg.php?id_news=45338&pg=1&im=main
12
suraTi 1.2 mdinare alazanis zedawelis sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzi. ruka damuSavebulia nuca meRvineTuxucesis
(INRMW programis mier daqiravebuli GIS eqsperti) mier
13
suraTi 1.3 mdinare alazanis zedawelis sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzi – mosaxleoba da dasaxlebuli punqtebi. ruka
damuSavebulia nuca meRvineTuxucesis (INRMW programis mier daqiravebuli GIS eqsperti) mier
14
proeqtis sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzis Seswavlisas, gamoikveTa energo
seqtoris momxmareblis tipiuri problema. miuxedavad imisa, aris Tu ara
bazarze warmodgenili sakmarisi raodenobis energo resursi, mosaxleobas
ar gaaCnia Sesabamisi finansuri saxsrebi maTi saWiro raodenobiT SesaZenad.
msgavsi daskvna gakeTda mdinare rionis zedawelis sapilote wyalSemkrebi
auzis energo Sefasebis dokumentSi. raWisgan gansxvavebiT, kaxeTis regionis
mosaxleoba ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT naklebad Raribia, Sesabamisad maTi
Semosavlis SedarebiT mcire nawili xmardeba energetikul saqonels
(ixileT Tavi 4). miuxedavad amisa, orive sakvlevi teritoriisatvis situacia
msgavsia, kerZod: mosaxleoba energiis yvelaze didi momxmarebelia;
merqnuli SeSa mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs saojaxo meurneobebis energo
moxmarebaSi; sxva tipis energia aseve moixmareba saojaxo meurneobebis mier,
Tumca SeSasTan SedarebiT meorexarisxovania zamTris gaTbobisaTvis.
aseTma
garemoebebma,
mniSvnemovani
gavlena
moaxdina
analizis
mimarTulebazec, vinaidan cxadi gaxda, rom aqcenti unda gakeTebuliyo ara
energo resursebis mowodeba/momaragebaze, aramed ufro xelmisawvdomi
energiis wyaroebis moZiebaze. Aamrigad, fokusi unda gakeTdes iseTi
energiis wyaros generirebaze, romelic pirveladi investiciis Semdgom
ojaxebs uzrunvelyobs TiTqmis ufaso sawvwviT/energiiT. aseTi daskvnis
gamotanas amyarebs is garemoebac, rom SDAP–is mier, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
regionebSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvebisas (ara mxolod
INRMW programis
farglebSi Catarebuli kvlevisas), respodentebma mkafio survili gamoTqves
energiis gancalkevebuli wyaroebis qonaze (mzis panalebi, biogazis
danadgarebi, mikro hidroeleqtro sadgurebi, da a.S.), romlebic mxolod
calkeul ojaxs, sofels an Tems moemsaxureba da ar iqneba mTliani energo
sistemis nawili. es sakiTxi ar Sedis centraluri xelisuflebis
kompetenciaSi
da
moiTxovs
adgilobrivi
doneze
iniciativebs
da
sazogadoebis CarTulobas.
2.energo resursebi
sanam mdinare rionis zedawelis sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzis energetikuli
resursebis ganxilvas SevudgebodeT, mniSvnelovania ganvmartoT TviT
termini “resursi”. Eekonomistebis mier es termini sxvadasxva datvirTviT
ixmareba da xSir SemTxvebSi misi mniSvneloba zustad gansazRvruli araa.
arsebobs sxvadasxva faqtori, romlebic damoukideblad, an erTmaneTTan
kavSirSi bunebis garkveul nawils konkretuli dainteresebuli mxarisaTvis
ganixilavs rogorc resurs. Aam faqtorTa gamo SesaZloa garkveuli
resursi xelmisawvdomi gaxdes sazogadoebis ganviTarebis garkveul etapze
xolo ganviTarebis Semdgomi etapisaTvis ugulebelyofil iqnas. aRniSnuli
faqtorebia:


ekonomikuri
teqnologiuri
15





garemos dacviTi
sabazro
sakanonmdeblo
saxelmwiforbrivi
socialuri
SesaZlebelia sxva faqtorebis arsebobac, romelic damokidebulia droze,
mdebareobaze, dainteresebul mxareebze da a.S. xSir SemTxvevaSi bunebis
nawili Rirebul resursad iTvleba im SemTxvevaSi Tu SesaZlebelia misi
Rirebulebis gansazvra, masze sabanko sesxis SeZena, misi gadamuSaveba da
sabolood mogebis miReba. Tumca pirdapiri ekonomikuri sargebelis miReba
yovelTvis mniSvnelovani araa. socialuri pirobebis gaumjobeseba xSirad
mogebaze win dgeba, gansakuTrebiT ki ganviTarebad qveynebSi. aris
SemTxvevebi,
rodesac
aucileblobas
warmoadgens
iseTi
resursebis
gadamuSaveba, romlebic kerZo investorisaTvis uintereso da aramomgebiani
iqneoda,
magram
saxelmwifos
mxridan
am
RonisZiebebis
gatareba
aucilebelia, raTa mosaxleobis Rarib fenas SesaZlebloba mieces
daikmayofilos moTxovnilebebis minimaluri standartebi.
mdinare alazanis zedawelis sapilote wyalSemkreb auzSi, saxezea
energetikuli
resursebi, romlebic aramomgebianad iTvleba komerciuli
struqturebisaTvis, Tumca amgvari resursi adgilobrivi mTavrobis mier
ganxiluli unda iqnes rogorc energo sistemaSi arsebuli deficitis
Semavsebeli. qaris energia, mzis energia da didi masStabis biogazis
danadgarebidan miRebuli energia SesaZloa ganxilul iqnas alternatiuli
energiis miRebis wyarod adgilobrivi Temebis doneze.
mniSvnelovani
SeniSvna: amJamad saqarTveloSi bunebrivi gazi energiis
erTaderTi matarebelia, romelic qveynis masStabiT xelmisawvdomi ar aris.
imisTvis rom bunebrivi gazi xelmisawvdomi gaxdes saqarTvelos yvela
regionisTvis, saWiroa Sesabamisi infrastruqturis ganviTareba da didi
zomis investiciebi. yvela sxva saxis energia qveynis TiTqmis mTeli
masStabiT xelmisawvdomia. qveyanaSi energiis miwodebis sakiTxi ar dgas
(Tumca ramodenime wlis win iyo). problema mdgomareobs moTxovnis
simcireSi,
vinaidan
soflad
macxovrebeli
mosaxleobis
umetesoba,
aramsyidvelunaria.
amitom
sasoflo mosaxleobis
mxridan arsebobs
moTxovna iseT energiaze, romelic SesaZlebelia gamomuSavebuli iyos
individualur doneze da/an mcire Temis pirobebSi, da romelic ufaso (an
mcire danaxarjebiT) energiis warmoebis SesaZleblobas mogvcemda (mag.
Minihidroeleqtrosadguri, biodanadgari a.S.)
swored am sakiTxis
mogvarebas unda ganixilavdnen adgilobrivi mTavrobebi da saerTaSoriso
programebi (mag. INRMW (CARE-s mcire grantebis marTvis komponentis
farglebSi
SesaZloa
amgvaro
sapilote
proeqtis
ganxorcieleba).
centraluri
mTavrobis
CarTuloba
aseT
sakiTxebSi,
ZiriTadad
araefeqturia, radgan maTi yuradReba mimarTulia ufro did, nacionaluri
masStabis proeqtebze. eleqtronuli energo pasportis erTerTi mTavari
funqcia unda iyos, aseT sakiTxebSi adgilobriv da centralur mTavrobas
Soris gamijvnis xazis gavleba.
16
mdinare alazanis zedawelis sapilote wyalSemkreb auzSi, wiaRiseuli
energo-resursebi (maT Soris Termuli wylebi) ar arsebobs, magram arsebobs
potenciali ganaxlebadi energiis generirebisaTvis (qaris, mzis, hidro da
biomasis energiebi).
qaris
energia.
saqarTvelos
qaris
energiis
atlasis
mixedviT
(http://www.menr.gov.ge/4501),
mdinare
alazanis
zedawelis
sapilote
wyalSemkreb auzs, ar gaaCia mniSvnelovani qaris energiis resursi,
komerciuli qaris eleqtro sadgurebis ganviTarebisaTvis (100 vt/m2), magram
es resursi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas individualur doneze, mcire zomis
eleqtroenergiis (50 kvt-mde) warmoebisaTvis.
mzis energia: regionSi mzis energiis wliuri potenciali Seadgens
1,448
kvt/sT kvadratul metrze axmetaSi da 1,437-s TelavSi 11 . energiis
efeqturobis
standartuli
konvertaciis
pirobebSi,
Aaxmetis
municipalitetisaTvis erT kvadratul metrze
mzisagan miRebuli
eleqtroenergiis maCvenebeli(PV)
iqneba 178 kvt/sT da 1,120 kvt Termuli
energia (gamTbari wyali). Telavis municipalitetisaTvis es maCvenblebi
Seadgens 176 kvt/sT (PV) da 1,113 kvt Termuli energia. miuxedavad imisa rom
aRniSnuli maCveneblebi saqarTvelos saSualo maCveneblebze dabalia, es
energia mainc sakmarisia, rom cxeli wylis moTxovnileba, sayofacxovrebo
doneze ar iyos komerciul energiaze damokidebuli12.
biogazi,
romelic iwarmoeba cxoveluri narCenebisagan, warmoadgens
komerciuli sawvavis realur alternativas. imisaTvis, rom biogazis
danadgarma gamarTulad imuSaos, saWiroa minimum oTxi msxvilfexa saqonlis
yola. dRevandeli mdgomareobiT, Telavis municipalitetis soflis
meurneobaSi
CarTuli
mosaxleobas
msxvilfexa
saqonlis
sakmarisi
raodenoba ar gaaCnia (gansxvavebuli situaciaa axmetis municipalitetSi).
saojaxo meurneobebs, romlebic akmayofileben zemoTaRniSnul moTxovnebs
biogazis danadgaris instalaciisaTvis, SeuZliaT gaoiyenon biogazis
danadgari alternatiuli energiis wyaros misaRebad. Tumca, rogorc
gamocdilebam
aCvena
biogazisgan
miRebuli
energia
saqarTveloSi
popularuli ar aris.
hidroenergia: sakvlevi teritoriis municipalitetebi mdebareobs mdinare
alaznis wyalSemkreb auzSi da gaaCniaT didi hidro energetikuli
potenciali (ixileT cxrili 3.1 da 3.2). dadgenilia, rom potenciuri
dadgmuli simZlavre (P) axmetis municipalitetisaTvis (TuSeTis teritoriis
gamoklebiT) 80.6 megavatia, xolo wliuro gamomuSaveba (E) 416.2 milioni
kvt/sT. Telavis municipalitetSi dadgmuli simZlavre (P) 98.8 megavatia,
xolo wliuro gamomuSaveba (E) 571.8 milioni kvt/sT. potenciuri dadgmuli
11
ixileT: samSeneblo normebi da wesebi, samSeneblo klimatologia, snda w pn 01.05-06, oficialuri gamocema,
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro, Tbilisi, 2006.
12
saqarTvelosaTvis 1,550 kvt/sT mzis energiis saSualo maCvenebelia, rac eleqtroenergiis 190 kvt/sT-is da
Termuli energiis 1,200 kvt/sT eqvivalenturia; ixileT Rural Energy Potential in Georgia and the Policy Options for its Utilization,
2008, gverdi 20; http://www.nateliproject.ge/files/02-re_prospects.pdf
17
simZlavre (P) orive municipalitetSi
gamomuSaveba (E) 988.0 milioni kvt/sT.
179.4
megavatia,
xolo
wliuro
TuSeTi (saerTo farTobia 1,139 km2) axmetis municipalitetis nawils
warmoadgens, romelic kavkasionis mTavari qedis gadaRma, mis CrdiloeT
kalTaze
mdebareobs.
TuSeTSi
arsebuli
Svidi
mdinaris
saerTo
hidroenergetikuli potencialia 63.2 mvt, wliuri eleqtro gamomuSaveba 362.3
milioni kvt/sT.
am potencialidan mxolod ramodenime hidro eleqtro sadguri moqmedebs
mdinare alazanis auzis am nawilSi. maTgan yvelaze didia xadori hesi
(axmetis
municipaliteti),
romelic
mdinareebis
alazanisa
da
samyuriswyalis
gadakveTazea
ganTavsebuli.
xadori
hesi,
bunebriv
modinebaze dadgmuli hesia. is ekuTvnis “Sps istern enerji korporacias”
(dafinansebulia Cinuri kapitaliT). xadori hesma operireba daiwyo 2004
wlidan da misi dadgmuli simZlavrea 24 mgvt. Eleqtroenergiis generirebis
licenzia gacemul iqna saqarTvelos erovnuli eleqtroenergiisa da wylis
maregulirebeli komisiis mier (licenzia # 059 11; 2004 wlis14 noemberi). 13
xadori hesi rigiT meTxutmete didi hesia saqarTveloSi. Hadori hesis
eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebam 2008 wels 95 gvt/sT Seadgina, 2009 wels – 138
gvtsT, 2010 wels - 123 gvtsT da 2011 wels – 123 gvtsT. aRniSnuli raodenoba
daaxloebiT orjer didia vidre, mdinare alazanis zedawelis sapilote
wyalSemkrebi
auzis
mier
2011
wels
moxmarebuli
eleqtroenergia
14
(daaxloebiT 61 gvtsT).
Sps
‘isTern energy
korporation’ aseve
flobs
xadori 1
mcire
hidroeleqtrosadgurs
dadgmuli
simZlavriT
0.65
mvt.
aRniSnuli
hidroeleqtrosadgeuri
saqarTveloSi
aSenebuli
34
mcire
eleqtrosadgurebidan zomiT merve mcire hidroeleqtrosadguria 15 . 2012
wlis seqtemberSi operireba daiwyo xadori 2 hesma (dadgmuli simZlavre 5.4
mvt, da potenciuri wliuri generireba 35 gvtsT). Hhesis mflobelia Sps
‘feri’. saqarTvelos energetikisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
cnobiT, xadori 2 hesi, saqarTveloSi pirveli hidroeleqtrosadguria,
romelmac operireba 2000 wlis Semdgom daiwyo16.
13
http://www.gnerc.org/uploads/el._licenziatta_sia_2012.pdf, http://www.esco.ge/index.php?article_id=17&clang=1
14
15
16
kaxeTis energo distribucia
http://www.esco.ge/index.php?article_id=18&clang=1
http://www.menr.gov.ge/en/News/2012/2528
18
suraTi 2.1. 2011 wlis xadori hesis eleqtroenergiis generireba Tveebis
mixedviT (sidide mocemulia gvt/sT)
25
20
15
10
5
0
suraTi 2.2.xadori hesi (dadgmuli simZlavre - 24 mgvt)
mdinare alazanze (Telavis municipaliteti) kidev erTi hesi, boldoda hesia
ganTavsebuli 17 . boldoda hesi mdinaris modinebaze dadgmuli hesia
dadgmuli simZlavriT – 0.26 mgvt (hesi Sps energia 1-is mflobelobaSia). 2011
wels boldoda hesis gamomuSavebuli simZlavre Seadgenda 3 mgvtsT-s.
17
http://www.esco.ge/index.php?article_id=18&clang=0
19
suraTi 2.3. 0.26 mvt simZlavris boldoda hesi
aRniSnuli hesebis jamuri gamomuSaveba mdinare alaznis zedawelis auzis
potenciuri hidroenergetikuli resursis daaxloebiT 1/8 –s Seadgens
(TuSeTis gamoklebiT).
mTavrobis dadgenilebiT damtkicebuli saxelmwifo programa “ganaxlebadi
energia 2008”– (ixileT saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba #107. 18 aprili
2008)
xels
uwyobs
ganaxlebadi
energiis
wyaroebis
mSeneblobas
saqarTveloSi – “programis mizania saqarTveloSi ganaxlebadi energiis
axali wyaroebis mSeneblobis xelSewyoba investiciebis mozidvis gziT”,
naTqvamia programaSi.
zemoTxsenebuli programis erT-erTi praqtikuli Sedegi iyo, “saqarTvelos
mdinareebis hidro energetikuli kadastris Seqmna”, romelic teqnikur
ilustrirebas ukeTebs potenciur mcire hidro eleqtro sadgurebs,
saqarTvelos mdinareebze. TvalsaCinod aris gamoyofili mdinaris is
monakveTebi, sadac SesaZlebelia 10 mvt-mde hesebis aSeneba. amrigad,
Sejamebulia mcire zomis hesebis potanciali qveynis masStabiT. mcire zomis
hesebis potanciali mdinare alazanis zedawelis sapiloto wyalSemkrebi
auzisaTvis gamosaxulia 3.1; 3.2 da 3.3 cxrilebSi (ixileT qvemoT). am
cxrilebSi moTavsebulia monacemebi axmetisa da Telavis municipalitetebSi
arsebuli mdinareebisaTvis, sadac (P) aris dadgmuli simZlavre megavatebSi
xolo (E) ki jamuri wliuri gamomuSaveba kvt/sT-Si
ax
me
ta
cxrili 2.1. mcire hesebis hidroenergetikuli potenviali mdinare alazanis
zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzisaTvis
mdinare
dadgmuli
simZlavre - P
wliuri
gamomuSaveba – E
20
VII.1.6 alazani
I
II
III
IV
∑
VII.1.8
samkuriswyali
I
II
III
∑
VII.1.10 KxevisWala
I
II
III
∑
VII.1.11
samkurisxevi
I
II
∑
VII.1.12ilto
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
∑
VII.1.13 orvili
I
II
III
∑
VII.1.14 KxevgrZeli
I
II
∑
VII.1.15
KxodaSenisxevi
MW
milioni kWh
2.2
4.4
6.2
5.7
18.5
13
24.9
36.2
33.6
107.7
1.1
2.0
8.8
11.9
6.5
11.8
51.3
69.6
0.5
1.2
1.4
3.1
3.1
6.6
8.1
17.8
1.8
3.1
4.9
9.7
17.7
27.4
0.8
2.0
1.3
2.4
4.0
4.4
3.9
3.3
22.1
4.8
11.8
7.5
13.9
23.4
25.6
22.6
19.2
128.8
0.7
1.5
2.9
5.1
3.9
8.5
16.1
28.5
0.5
1.6
2.1
2.8
8.9
11.7
21
Telavi
I
II
III
IV
V
∑
sulAaxmeta
VII.2.1stori
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
∑
VII.2.2 Caxurisxevi
I
0.6
1.7
3.1
3.3
4.2
12.9
80.6
3.5
10.0
17.9
19.2
24.7
24.7
416.2
2.0
2.8
3.4
7.1
7.8
10.2
33.3
11.8
16.3
19.7
41.6
45.6
58.9
193.9
0.7
4.2
II
III
IV
V
VI
2.1
2.5
3.4
5.3
6.1
12.5
14.1
19.3
30.2
35.5
∑
VII.2.3 lopota
I
II
III
∑
VII.2.4 Uusaxelo
I
II
III
∑
VII.2.5 didxevi
I
II
III
∑
VII.2.6 Turdo
I
II
III
20.1
115.8
1.6
2.5
3.9
8.0
9.3
14.6
22.5
46.4
1.0
2.9
4.0
7.9
5.6
17.2
23.4
46.2
0.8
1.8
6.2
8.8
4.4
10.6
35.3
50.3
0.7
1.9
1.9
4.2
10.4
11.0
22
IV
V
VI
∑
VII.2.7 kisisxevi
I
2.2
2.2
2.8
11.7
12.6
12.8
16.2
67.2
1.1
6.6
II
III
IV
∑
VII.2.8 tviSi
I
II
∑
Telavi jami
axmeta da Telavi
jami
1.3
1.4
1.6
5.4
7.2
7.9
9.0
30.7
0.9
2.7
3.6
98.8
179.4
5.4
15.9
21.3
571.8
988.0
Semdegi hidro eleqtrosadgurebis proeqti ganxilvis stadiazea:
1. samyuriswyali hesi, mdinare samyuriswyalze (axmetis municipaliteti),
dadgmuli simZlavre 4,9 mvt, regulirebis tipiararegulirebadi,
saSualo wliuri gamomuSaveba 25,7 gvt/sT;
2. samyuriswyali 2 hesi, mdinare samyuriswyalze (axmetis
municipaliteti), dadgmuli simZlavre 22,6 mvt, regulirebis tipiararegulirebadi, saSualo wliuri gamomuSaveba 117,4 gvt/sT;
3. stori hesi, mdinare storze (Telavis municipaliteti), dadgmuli
simZlavre 11,8 mvt, regulirebis tipiararegulirebadi, saSualo
wliuri gamomuSaveba 56,8 gvt/sT;
4. stori 1 hesi, mdinare storze (Telavis municipaliteti), dadgmuli
wliuri gamomuSaveba 60,6 gvt/sT18;
am da sxva potenciuri proeqtebis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi hidro
eleqtro sadgurebis saerTo dadgmuli simZlavre Seadgens 98 megavati, anu
auzis potencialis 54 %-s, xolo saSualo wliuri gamomuSaveba 481 gvt/sT,
rac sruli potencialis 49%-ia. mdinare rionis wedawelis wyalSemkrebi
auzis hidroenergetikul potencialTan SedarebiT, es mcire maCvenebelia,
18
http://hpp.minenergy.gov.ge/index.php?lang=eng
23
Tumca es faqti imiT aixsneba, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos mdinareebs
gacilebiT meti hidroenergetikuli potenciali gaaCniaT.
suraTi 2.4 axmetis municipalitetis mdinareebi
24
mdinareebi VII.1.1, VII.1.2, VII.1.3, VII.1.4, VII.1.5, VII.1.7, VII.1.9 ar miekuTvneba mdinare
alazanis zedawelis wyalSemkreb auzs
wyaro: saqarTvelos energetikisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro
naxati 2.5 Telavis municipalitetis mdinareebi
SeSa ganmartebulia rogorc energetikuli miznisTvis gamosayenebeli saSeSe
xe, romlisganac SesaZloa xis morebi da an sxva tipis merqnuli nedleuli
25
damzaddes.19 sxva tipis merqnuli nedleulis SesaZlo wyaroebia: xe tyis
damzadebis narCenebi (mag. totebi, wveros gadanaWrebi da a.S.), xe-tyis
gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobidan miRebuli narCeni merqani (mag. nafoti),
xmarebaSi namyofi meoradi rekuperirebuli merqani. saqarTveloSi xdeba
mxolod saSeSe merqnis aRricxva da nebarTvis gacema mis mopovebaze, sxva
tipis energetikuli merqnuli nedleulis aRricxva ar xdeba.
sawvavi SeSa sasoflo mosaxleobis energo moxmarebis TiTqmis 50%-s
Seadgenda bolo 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi, ramac mniSvnelovani problema
gamoiwvia. saqarTvelos satyeo seqtors energo moTxovnis dakmayofilebis
mxolod 15%-i potenciali gaaCnia. merqnuli resursebis gadaWarbebulma
moxmarebam
SesaZloa saqarTvelo daayenos
Rvarcofebis,
mewyerebis,
wyalmovardnebis, eroziebisa da gaudabnoebis mniSvnelovani safrTxis
winaSe (sasoflo mosaxleobis energo potenciali da misi efeqturi
gamoyeneba; vinrok inTerneiSenali; msoflio gamocdileba saqarTvelosTvis;
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa, Tebervali, 2008 weli, gverdi 20
http://www.nateliproject.ge/files/02-re_prospects.pdf)
saqarTvelos merqnuli energetikuli resursebis potencialis Sefaseba
SemuSavda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis ganviTarebis erovnuli saagentos
(USAID) mxardaWerili energetikis seqtoris SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebis
(ECI) proeqtis farglebSi 20 . aRniSnuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, amJamad
saqarTveloSi tyis resursebis aRricxvis ararsebobis gamo rTulia tyis
resursebis arsebuli raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi realuri mdgomareobis
Sefaseba. Sesabamisad, arsebuli monacemebi merqnuli resursebis Sesaxeb
saTuoa da saboloo gamoyenebamde safuZvlian gadamowmebas saWiroebs.
zemoTaRniSnuli wyaros informaciiT, regionaluri tyianobis (tyis
dafaruli farTobebis Sefardeba regionis mTel teritoriasTan) 30,6 % anu
347,7 aTasi ha modis kaxeTis regionSi. axmetisa da Telavis tyianoba 35%dan
50% mde Seadgens (saSualo done). Aam indikatoris mixedviT, axmetisa da
Telavis teritoriebi tyianobis maRal maCvenebels ar aRweven (msgavsad
onisa da ambrolauris municipalitetebisa). saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2011
wlis 4 agvistos # 299 dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, tyiT dafaruli teritoriebi
axmetis municipalitetSi 64,988 heqtaria, Telavis municipalitSi ki 57, 277
heqtari (rac saerTo teritoriis 30% da 55 % Sesabamisad, warmoadgens).
kvlevebSi mocemuliMmerqnuli SeSis resursis Sesaxeb informacia aRebulia
oficialuri wyaroebidan (municipalitetebidan da satyeo departamentidan).
kvlevis dros ver moxerxda sakvlevi teritoriis farglebSi energo
moxmarebisaTvis saWiro merqnuli SeSis saerTo raodenobis dadgena kaxeTis
regionaluri satyeo departamentidan.
19
ixileT wyaro: http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/FUELWOOD
saqarTvelos merqnuli energetikuli resursebis potenciali da misi efeqtiani gamoyeneba, energetikis
SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebis proeqti, Tbilisi, 2010
20
26
3. energo seqtori
3.1 moxmareba
3.1.1 eleqtroenergia
saqarTveloSi eleqtrienergiis miwodeba xorcieldeba sami kompaniis - ss
energo-pro saqarTvelo, ‘Telavi’ da ‘kaxeTis energo distribuciis’ mier.
‘kaxeTis energo distribucia’ emsaxureba mxolod kaxeTis regions. kompania
2003 wlis 15 aprils dafuZvnda saaqcio sazogadoeba ‘sinaTlis’ bazaze. 2005
wlidan 2008 wlamde kompania gakotrebis reJimSi muSaobda. axali
mflobelis povnis ramdenime uSedego mcdelobis miuxedavad, sabolood
kompania gaiyida da misi axali mflobelia litvuri kompania “Concerns
Achemos Grupe” (auqcionis wesiT kompania 9.15 milion larad SeiZina). Concerns
Achemos Grupe –ma aiRo pasuxismgebloba 2009-2013 wlebisaTvis 15 milioni
laris odenobis investicia Caedo kaxeTis energo distribuciaSi, aseve aiRo
valdebuleba 2014 wlisTvis daesrulebina mosaxleobis individualuri
gamricxvelianeba. Tumca kompaniam ver SeZlo aRebuli valdebulebebis
Sesruleba, Sedegad kompaniis davalianebam 4.4 mln lari Seadgina. Sedegad,
energosadistribucio kompaniis mimarT gakotrebis saqme Tbilisis saqalaqo
sasamarTloSi 2011 wlis 5 agvistos gaixsna. kaxeTis energodistribuciis
mier momxmarebelTa uflebebis darRvevis faqtebic dafiqsirda, kerZod:
individualuri mricxvelis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobis didi
nawili eleqtroenergiis gadasaxads saubno mricxvelidan iRebs. erTi
mosaxlis
Tanxis
gadauxdelobis
SemTxvevaSic
ki
kaxeTis
energodistribucia
abonentebs
eleqtroenergiis
miwodebas
uwyvetda.
saojaxo meurneobebis gamokiTxvisas, SDAP jgufma daafiqsira, rom Telavisa
da axmetis municipalitetebis mosaxleoba eleqtroenergiis miwodebis
Sesaxeb ukmayofilebas ar gamoTqvamda (es SesaZloa aixsnas individualuri
mricxvelebis arsebobiT). 50 gamokiTxuli ojaxidan 9 nawilobriv kmayofili
iyo sadistribucion kompaniis momsaxurebiT, 7 ojaxi ki – ukmayofilo.
ukmayofilebis
mizezebi
ZiriTadad
ukavSirdeboda
miwodebuli
eleqtroenergiis xarisxs da eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis mdgomareobas
(ukmayofileba ZiriTadad Telavis municipalitetis mosaxleobis mier iqna
gamoTqmuli).
kaxeTis energo distribuciis kompaniis mier mowodebuli informacia
momxmarebelTa raodenobis da mricxvelebis Sesaxeb mocemulia cxrilSi
(ixileT qvemoT)21.
cxrili 3.1. Telavisa da axmetis municipalitetebis eleqtroenergiis
momxmarebelTa raodenoba 2012 wlebisTvis
21
SDAP-is mier informacia mopovebuli iqna energetikisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
daxmarebiT.
27
axmeta
Telavi
momxmarebelTa
tipi/gamricxvelianeba
raodenoba
momxmarebelTa
tipi/gamricxvelianeba
raodenoba
komerciuli Senobebi
794
komerciuli
jgufuri
mricxvelebi
13
jgufi
individualuri
mricxvelebi
781
individualuri
1,600
1,619
19
sacxovrebeli
Senobebi
15,054
mosaxleoba
27,049
jgufuri
mricxvelebi
5,917
jgufi
12,061
individualuri
mricxvelebi
9,137
individualuri
14,998
sajaro (adgilobrivi
mTavrobebi) Senobebi
jgufuri
mricxvelebi
198
biujeti
5
jgufi
296
7
individualuri
mricxvelebi
193
individualuri
289
komunaluri
282
komunaluri
79
jgufuri
mricxvelebi
1
jgufi
5
individualuri
74
individualuri
mricxvelebi
281
Senobebis saerTo
raodenoba
16,328
jami
29,043
jgufuri
mricxvelebi
5,936
jgufi
12,092
individualuri
mricxvelebi
10,392
individualuri
16,951
wyaro: kaxeTis energo distribucia
28
Telavis municipalitetSi 25,430 komli cxovrobs. Tuki davuSvebT, rom
TiToeul maTgans miewodeba eleqtroenergia (zusti informaciis mopoveba
ver moxerxda),
maTgan mxolod 36%-s aqvs individualuri mricxveli.
axmetis municipalitetSi 16,322 komli cxovrobs (TuSeTis gamoklebiT),
saidanac mxolod 56%-s aqvs individualuri mricxveli. unda aRiniSnos, rom
individualuri mricxvelebis arqona kerZo momxmareblebSi xSirad iwvevs
gaugebrobas da konfliqtebs radgan rTulia zustad ganisazRvros
TviToeuli ojaxis mier daxarjuli eleqtroenergiis raodenoba.
mosaxleobisaTvis eleqtroenergiis tarifi Seadgens moxmarebul 1 kvt/st
energiaze 0.1298 TeTrs (0.08 aSS dolari), Tu moxmarebuli eleqtroenergia
Tvis ganmavlobaSi jamSi Seadgens 101-300kvt/sT-s; xolo Tu TveSi
moxmarebuli eleqtroenergia 301 kvt/sT-s aRemateba, maSin eleqtroenergiis
gadasaxadia 0.1750 TeTrs (0.11 aSS dolari)
saSualod,
orive
municipalitetis
sacxovrebeli
moxmarebuli eleqtroenergia 51%-s Seadgens.22
Senobebis
mier
sadistribucio kompaniis qselis danakargi daaxloebiT 10.5%s Seadgens.
kaxeTis eleqtrodistribuciis kompaniis mier mowodebuli informaciis
analizis Sedegad, rTulia yovelTviuri energo moxmarebis tendenciis
dadgena. 23 Bamavdroulad, ori sxvadasxva enerodistribuciis (kaxeTisa da
Telavis energodistribuciis)
kompaniis mier mowodebuli masalebi
bunebrivi airis moxmareblis msgavs tendencias asaxaven (ixileT suraTi 4.4;
4.5 da 4.6). am monacemebis analizis safuZvelze SegviZlia vivaraudoT rom
energomoxmarebis
arsebuli
suraTi
ganpirobebulia
kaxeTis
energo
distribuciis sistemaSi monacemebis Segrovebisa da angariSgebis arsebuli
praqtikiT.ASedegad, kaxeTis energodistribuciis sistemis oficialuri
monacemebi energomoxmarebis Sesaxeb realur suraTs ver asaxavs da amis
mizezi monacemTa Segrovebis da/an angariSgebis naklovani sistemaa.
22
mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebuli situaciaa mdinare rionis zedawelis wyalSemkreb auzSi sadac
mosaxleobis mier moxmarebuli eleqtroenergia mTeli moxmarebuli eleqtroenergiis 2/3-s Seadgens
23
ixileT mdinare rionis zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzis energoanalizi
29
suraTi 3.1: 2011 wlis eleqtroenergiis
zedawelis walSemkrebi auzisaTvis
moxmareba
mdinare
alazanis
eleqtroenergiis moxmareba Telavisa da axmetis
munici palitetebSi ( 2011 weli)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Residental GW/h
Commercial GW/h
Budget GW/h
Water Company GW/h
wyaro: kaxeTis energodistribucia
moxmareba
mdinare
alazanis
eleqtroenergiis moxmareba Telavisa da axmetis
munici palitetebSi (2011 weli)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Residental GW/h
Commercial GW/h
Budget GW/h
Water Company GW/h
30
moxmareba
mdinare
alazanis
ETelavisa da axmetis Mmunici palitetebis
eleqtroenergiis moxmareba
2009 wlisTvis
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Residental GW/h
Commercial GW/h
Budget GW/h
Water Company GW/h
suraTi 3.4: mdinare alazanis zedawelis sapilote teritoriis farglebSi
Sesyiduli eleqtroenergiis monacemebi 2010 wlisaTvis24
24
A2011 wlisaTvis, qviTrebis anaTvalis Sesaxeb informacia srulyofili ar iyo sakvlev teritoriaze
31
25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
0
Purchased kWh
Invoiced kWh
suraTi 3.4 (ixileT zemoT), naTlad aCvenebs, rom kaxeTis energo
distribuciis kompanias eleqtroenergiis moxamrebis Sesaxeb monacemebi
realur suraTs ar Seesabameba. zemoTmocemuli grafikis mixedviT,
ojaxisTvis miwodebuli eleqtroenergiis raodenoba gansxvavebulia qviTris
anaTvalidan miRebuli raodenobis.
kaxeTis energodistribiciis kompania oficialuri angariSgebis dokumentSi
qselur danakargebis 10 %s miuTiTebs; imave dokumentSi mocemulia wliuri
energodanakargebis qvemoTmocemuli grafiki (sur 3.5. ixileT qvemoT).
grafikSi mocemuli zogierTi informacia zusti araa da gadaWarbebiT
asaxavs sistemaSi arsebul danakargebs. magaliTad, 2011 wlsTvis kompanias
mxolod cxra Tvis periodis informacias flobda qviTrebis anaTvalidan
aRebuli eleqtroenergiis da Sesabamisi danakargebis Sesaxeb. imis gamo, rom
kompanias ar qonda wlis ganmavlobaSi qviTridan aRebuli srulyofili
informacia, darCenili sami TvisaTvis kompaniam 100%iani danakargi miuTiTa.
saboloo jamSi man wliuri danakargebis 44% Seadgina, miuxedavad imisa,
rom realuri danakargebi gacilebiT naklebi unda yofiliyo. garda amisa
aprilis Tvis danakargebi, romelmac 45% Seadgina da seqtembris Tvis
10%iani danakargebi ganpirobeulia kompaniis eleqtroenergiis qviTrebis
araswori generirebiTa da mosaxleobidan Sesabamisi moxmarebuli Tanxis
amoRebis uunarobiT. SeiZleva vivaraudoT, rom kaxeTis distribiuciis mier
mowodebuli masalebi msgavsi sistemiTaa Sedgenili, rac kidev ufro ufro
arTulebs energo moxmarebis tendenciebis dadgenas da swori daskvnis
gakeTebas.25
25
SDAP jgufma dedofliswyaros eleqtroenergiis miwodebis monacemebis kalkulirebaSi cdomilemebi daafiqsira da
kompanias acnoba; Sedegad, kompaniam gaiTvaliswina rekomendacia da gaTvlebSi Sesabamisi koreqtireba Seitana.
gamoricxuli araa, rom msgavs uzustobebs adgili qondes sxva monacemebis kalkulirebisas.
32
suraTi 3.5: kaxeTis energodistribuciis mier damuSavebuli cxrili: wliuri
eleqtrodanakargebi
wliuri danaxarjebi
50%
45%
45%
44%
40%
35%
29%
30%
27%
25%
25%
22%
22%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
2005 წელი
2006 წელი
2007 წელი
2008 წელი
2009 წელი
2010 წელი
2011 წელი
3.1.2 bunebrivi gazi
mdinare alazanis zedawelis sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzis teritorias
bunebriv gazs awvdis ori damoukidebeli kerZo kompania – sokar jorjia da
visol jgufi. es ukanaskneli warmoadgens visol jguf CSR –is Svilobil
kompanias, is saqarTveloSi erT-erTi umsxvilesi bizness jgufia da
liderobs energo produqtebis miwodebis seqtorSi, kompania flobs aseve
samSeneblo, sareklamo, sastumroebis, supermarketebisa da swrafi kvebis
restornebis bizness. kompania adgilobriv bazarze warmodgenilia 11
Svilobili brendis saxiT, visol gazi maT Soris erTerTia. visol gazi
Telavs
gaziT
2008
wlidan
amaragebs
(mosaxleobis
centraluri
gazmiwodebis 14 wliani wyvetis Semdeg).
saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, kompania valdebulia
sakuTari finansebiT uzrunvelyos Telavis dasaxlebaSi gazmomaragebis
33
qselis aSeneba/rekonstruqcia. 26 Tavis oficialur vebgverdze, visol jgufi
acxadebs, rom man daasrula gazis miwodeba 12 soflisaTvis (es ar niSnavs,
rom soflis yvela mosaxle mierTebulia gazis miwodebis centralur
sistemaze). 27 Gbunebrivi gazis Seyvana sakuTar saxlSi da gazis mricxvelis
dayeneba idialur SemTxvevaSi (roca ZiriTadi gazmomaragebis mili saxlTan
axlos mdebareobs) mosaxlisaTvis daaxloebiT 280 lari (171 aSS dolari)
jdeba. praqtikaSi, visol jgufi TiToeuli SemTxvevisaTvis adgens
mricxvelisa da gazis Seyvanis safasurs mosaxleobisaTvis (Tanxebi
sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxvaa, danaxarjebi aTas larze maRalic
SeiZleba
iyos).
Sedegad,
zogierT
sofelSi
sadac
centraluri
gazmomaragebaa, potenciuli momxmareblebis raodenoba mniSvnelovnad
aRemateba gazis daregistrirebuli abonentebis raodenobas. magaliTad, 2011
wlis monacemebis mixedviT, sofel akuraSi registrirebuli 850 komlidan
mxolod 81 s miewodeba centraluri gazi. sofel iyalToSi ki 1015 komlidan
gazmomaragebiT sargeblobs mxolod 7 ojaxi; sofel ruispirSi 1144
ojaxidan gazi mxolod 267-s miewodeba. rasakvirvelia, rig soflebSi
mosaxleobis umetesi nawili mierTebulia centralur gazmomaragebis
qselze. magaliTad, sofel winandalSi 1,317 daregistrirebuli ojaxidan 850
abonentia. visol jgufis mier ar iqna mowodebuli informacia momxmareblis
tipis Sesaxeb (sacxovrebeli da arasacxovrebeli Senobebi), Sedegad,
mocemuli monacemebi moicavs gazmoxmarebis informacias organizaciebisa da
bizness seqtoris mier (Sedegad, arsebuli informacia srulad ar asaxavs
sacxovrebeli
Senobebis
mier
moxmarebuli
raodenobas).
Telavis
municipalitetSi 25 dasaxlebaa (maT Soris qalaq Telavic) sadac 25,430
komlia registrirebuli; bunebrivi gazi ki oficialurad mxolod 17
dasaxlebas (11,480 abonenti) miewodeba. 2012 wlisTvis visoli gegmavs
gazardos gazmomarageba da daamatos 2000 axali abonenti.
bunebrivi gazis miwodebis ZiriTadi problema ara sadistribucio qselis
gamarTuli
funqcionireba,
aramed
mosaxleobis
gadaxdisunarianobaa.
mosaxleobis mcire gadaxdisunarianobis gamo, mosaxleobis didi nawili
centraluri gazmomaragebis gareSe rCeba im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu
centraluri gazmomaragebis milebi sacxovrebel SenobasTan axlos
mdebareobs. aseTi ojaxebi sakvebis mosamzadeblad kvlav Txevad gazs
moixmaren, miuxedavad imisa rom Txevadi airisa da bunebrivi airis Tanxa
mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba (ixileT Tavi 5). zogierT SemTxvevaSi, kargad
organizebuli sasoflo sabWoebi centraluri mTavrobisgan lobirebis
xerxs mimarTaven raTa uzrunvelyon gazmomaragebis finansebis moZieba
(zogierT SemTxvevaSi amgvari meTodi amarTlebs kidec). magaliTad, erT26
aRsaniSnavia, rom bunebrivi gazi mdinare alazanis marjvena sanapiros dasaxlebebs miewodeba. rac
Seexeba marcxena sanapiros dasaxlebebs, CvenTvis ucnobia maTTvis bunebrivi gazis miwodebis
uaxloesi perspeqtiva.
27
http://www.wissol.ge/index.php?eng&cat=44&type=1
34
erTi qarTuli telearxis informaciis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mTavrobam
daxmareba aRuTqva sofel akuras, raTa uzrunvelyofiliyo yoveli
mosaxlisaTvis
individualuri mricxvelis dayeneba.
suraTi 3.6: Telavis mosaxleobasa da komerciul momxmareblebis bunebrivi
gaziT uzrunvelyofis maCvenebeli 2011 wlisTvis (m 3)
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
Commercial
Population
wyaro: Telavis visol gazdistribuciis servis centri
suraTi 3.7: Telavis mosaxleobasa da komerciul momxmareblebis bunebrivi
35
450000
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
Commercial
Population
wyaro: Telavis visol gazdistribuciis servis centri
suraTi 3.8: axmetis mosaxleobasa da komerciul momxmareblebis bunebrivi
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Commercial
Population
wyaro: Sps kaxeTi sokar jorjia gazi
axmetis municipalitetis bunebrivi gazis momaragebas Sps sokar jorjia
gazi uzrunvelyofs (kompania dafuZvnebulia azerbaijanis respublikis
36
saxelmwifo navTobis kompaniis mier). kompania
Sps sokar jorjia gazi
dafuZvnda 2007 wels; kompaniam ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros mier
gamocxadebul bunebrivi airis sadistribucio kompaniis privatizaciis
tenderSi gaimarjva (ixileT saqarTvelos prezidentis 2008 wlis 13 maisis
#306 dadgenileba). 2008 wlamde bunebrivi airis sadistribucio kompania
saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi imyofeboda. sokari amJamad bunebriv airiT da
Sesabamisi infrastruqturiT saqarTvelos Semdeg regionebs amaragebs:
kaxeTi, mcxeTa-mTianeTi, Sida da qvemo qarTli, aWara, guria, imereTi da
samegrelo (anu praqtikulad mTeli saqarTvelo Tbilisis, raWisa da
kaxeTisa da samegrelos zogierTi nawilebis gamoklebiT).
2009 wlis Semdeg, axmetis municipalitetis mosaxleobis gazmomarageba
gasammagda (443-idan gaizarda 1456 mde). bunebrivi airi miewodeba mxolod 4
dasaxlebas – qalaq axmetas (bunebrivi airi miewodeba 1162 abonents; sul
qalaqSi 3510 komlia daregistrirebuli), sofeli matani (sofelSi sul 110
abonentia, 2241 komli), sofeli zemo alvani (sofelSi sul 154 abonentia,
1650 komli) da qvemo alvani (sofelSi sul 30 abonentia, 1392 komli).
Aaxmetis
municipalitetSi
sul
30
komerciuli
momxmarebelia.
municipalitetSi 56 dasaxlebaa da 16,349 komlia daregistrirebuli
(TuSeTis gamoklebiT), Sesabamisad, mosaxleobis mxolod 9%-s miewodeba
bunebrivi airi. es ki skmaod mcire ricxvia da miuTiTebs, rom mosaxleobis
didi raodenoba damokidebulia Txevad airze. 2012 wlisaTvis dagegmilia
500-600 abonentis damateba.
3.1.3 Txevadi sawvavi
gaTxevadebuli propanis gazis SeZena, Telavis municipalitetSi 2 adgilas
aris SesaZlebeli. erT-erTi maTgani, individualuri mewarme vaxtang
cercvaZea, meore ki sokargazi. 2011 wels gayidvebis moculobam Seadgina
daxloebiT 1, 000 kuburi metri Tvis ganmavlobaSi (zafxulis sezonze) da
250 kg zamTris sezonze; fasi daaxloebiT 2.14 aSS dolari/kilogramze
Seadgenda (gaTxevadebuli airis fasi metia vidre raWaSi). axmetis
municipalitetSi gaTxevadebuli propanis gazis SeZena, 2 adgilas aris
SesaZlebeli. imis gamo, rom zusti monacemebis mopoveba maTgan ver
moxerxda (erT-erTi mimwodebelma (visoli) uari ganacxada monacemebis
gacemaze),
axmetis
municipalitetSi
gaTxevadebuli
gazis
gayiduli
raodenobis dadgena ver SevZeliT. axmetis municipalitetSi Txevadi gazis
erT-erTi momwodebeli sokargazia. is daaxloebiT 40,000 kg Txevad gazs
yidis weliwadSi; kilogramis fasi 1.6 aSS dolaria, rac bevrad iafia vidre
individualur mewarmis mier mowodebuli igive raodenobis Txevadi gazi.
Telavisa da axmetis municipalitetebSi daregistrirebuli yoveli 5
ojaxidan daaxloebiT 4 damokidebulia gaTxevadebul airze (mosaxleobis
yvelaze Raribi fena mxolod SeSazea damokidebuli). gaTxevadebuli
propanis gazi bevrad Zviria, vidre bunebrivi gazi da/an merqnuli SeSa
(ixileT cxrili 4.1), miuxedavad amisa, mosaxleobas sxva alternativa ar
gaaCnia. bunebrivi gazis miwodebis uzrunvelsayofad, mosaxleobas sawyisi
37
investicia esaWiroeba, mosaxleobis ZiriTad nawils ki amis saSualeba ar
gaaCnia.28
3.1.4 sawvavi SeSa
merqnuli
resursebis
mopovebis
Sesaxeb
arsebuli
procedurebi
detaluradaa ganxiluli mdinare rionis zedawelis energo analizis
dokumentSi, Sesabamisad arniSnul sakiTxebs winamdebare dokumentSi ar
ganvixilavT. mdinare alazanis wedawelis sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzis
teritoriis farglebSi arsebuli sawvavi SeSis mopovebisa da damuSavebis
praqtika garkveulwilad msgavsia mdinare rionis zedawelis sapilote
auzis sakvlevi teritoriis farglebSi arsebuli praqtikis. mdinare
alazanis wedawelis sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzis teritoriis farglebSi
gamokiTxulTa 50 ojaxidan mxolod erTi moipovebs SeSas tyekafidan. pirad
saubrebSi mosaxleoba aRniSnavda, rom tyekafidan SeSis mopoveba rTuli da
sariskoa. mosaxleoba, tyekafidan SeSis gamotanisaTvis profesional
muSaxels qiraobs, Sedegad, tyekafidan mopovebuli SeSis Rirebuleba
bazarze nayidi SeSis Rirebulebas utoldeba.
qvemoT mocemulia saqarTvelos energetikisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministros mier mowodebuli informacia mosaxleobisaTvis gamoyofili da
Sesyiduli SeSis raodenobis Sesaxeb (ixileT cxrili 3.1.)
cxrili 3.1: mosaxleobisaTvis gamoyofili da Sesyiduli SeSis raodenobebi,
axmetisa da Telavis municipalitetebSi (2007-2011 wlebi)
Yweli
SeSa (m3)
Aaxmeta
Telavi
gamoyofili
20,236
47,080
Sesyiduli
11,221
36,488
gamoyofili
2010
30,801
51,607
Sesyiduli
22,993
47,617
gamoyofili
2009
34,834
49,258
Sesyiduli
27,228
35,445
gamoyofili
2008
43,920
62,571
Sesyiduli
27,785
50,719
gamoyofili
2007
32,589
52,051
Sesyiduli
17,513
35,236
2011
orive municipalitetisaTvis (gansakuTxrebiT ki axmetisTvis), Sesyiduli
SeSis raodenoba gacilebiT naklebia, vidre oficialurad tyekafebSi
gamoyofili raodenoba. magram oficialur wyaroebSi dafiqsirebuli
mopovebuli SeSis raodenoba mniSvnelovnad mcirea vidre moxmarebuli
raodenoba. ECI –is kvlevis - saqarTvelos merqnuli energetikuli
28
kidev erTi gaTxevadebuli propanis gazis gasamarTi sadguri TelavSi ar funqcionirebda.
paralelurad 2012 wlis gazafxulisTvis igegmeboda damatebiT sokaris gaTxevadebuli propanis
gazis gasamarTi sadguris gaxsna.
38
resursebis potenciali da misi efeqturi gamoyenebis wyaro‘ – mixedviT,
saSualod komlis mier SeSis wliuri moxmareba 6 m 3-is tolia. SDAP –is
savele kvlevebisas Catarebuli analizi adasturebs, rom mosaxleobis
udidesi nawili SeSas saTbob resursad iyenebs (zogierTi SeZlebuli
ojaxisa da qalaq TelavSi arsebuli ramdenime mravalsarTuliani kerZo
saxlis gamonaklebiT). magaliTad, axmetaSi 16,322 komlia daregistrirebuli,
isini daaxloebiT
97,922 m3 SeSas
saWiroeben wlis
ganmavlobaSi.
oficialuri monacemebis Tanaxmad ki mopovebuli SeSis raodenoba 2011
wlisaTvis 11,221 m3-ia. raWisgan gansxvavebiT, zamTris sezonze mosaxleobis
migracia axmetis regionSi ar fiqsirdeba, Sedegad ismis logikuri SekiTxva,
saidan xdeba darCenili SeSis resursis Sevseba.
4. Eenergiis
moxmarebis analizi saojaxo
meurneobebSi
kaxeTSi savele gasvlebisas
SDAP-is warmomadgenlebma ganaxorcieles
SerCeviTi gamokiTxva raTa ganesazRvraT energiis moxmarebis tendenciebi,
kerZo momxmareblis doneze. imisaTvis rom gamokiTxvis Sedegebs moecva
momxmareblis sruli speqtri, respondentebi SeirCa warmomadgenlobiTi
gamokiTxvis meTodiT (representative sampling method). gamokiTxva Catarda 50
ojaxSi,
romlebic cxovroben tipiuri saxis keZo SenobebSi. gamokiTxvis
mizani iyo, dadgeniliyo energiis gamoyenebis reJimi, meTodebi da
danaxarjebi. gamokiTxulTa ganawileba Semdegnaira: 25 ojaxi Telavis
mimdebare soflebSi (9 sof. iyalTo, 8 sof. gulgula da 8 sof. ruispiri), 10
ojaxi axmetaSi da 15 ojaxi axmetis municipalitetis soflebSi (7 sofel
qistaurSi da 8 sof. Qvemo alvanSi) 29 . sul 50 tipiuri kerZo sacxovrebeli
saxli SemTxveviTi SerCevis principze SeirCa Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis. mdinare
alazanis zedawelis sapilote wyalSemkrebi auzis energo moxmarebis
sruli suraTis misaRebad moxda kvlevis Sedegebis ganzogadeba da misi
farTo WrilSi ganxilva.
gamokiTxva Catarda kvlevisaTvis specialurad Sedgenili kiTxvaris
meSveobiT (ixileT danarTi a). kiTxvari Sedgeboda 6 ZiriTadi nawilisagan:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
demografiuli informacia (8kiTxva)
moxmarebuli energiis wyaroebi (20 kiTxva)
sacxovrebeli Senobis Sesaxeb informacia (5 kiTxva)
Senobis konstruqcia (22 kiTxva)
gaTboba/kondicirebis sistemebi (21 kiTxva)
energies danaxarjebi (10 kiTxva)
kvlevis Sedegebi garkveulwilad msgavsia mdinare rionis wedawelis
sapilote auzis farglebSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebisa. kvlevis
Sedegebma aCvena, rom soflisa da qalaqis mosaxleobis energo moxmarebis
29
energo moxmarebis analizi moxda mdinare rionis zedawelis wyalsemkrebi auzis energo analizis
dokumentSi SemuSavebuli nimuSis mixedviT.
39
tipi mniSvnelovanwiladaa damokidebuli maT mier miRebul Semosavalze.
garda amisa, energo moxmarebis maCveneblebi mdinare alazanisa da rionis
zedawelis
wyalSemkrebi
auzebisaTvis
metnaklebad
msgavsia.
orive
wyalSemkrebi auzi erT saproeqto temperaturul arealSi imyofeba 30 .
aRniSnuli miuTiTebs, rom orive sakvlev regionSi energo moxmarebis
(gansakuTrebiT gaTbobaze) msgavsi tipis moTxovnaa. garda amisa, orive
sakvlevi teritoria msgavsia kulturuli Taviseburebebis mixedviT,
mosaxleobis SezRuduli efeqturi saTbobis xelmisawvdomobisa da dabali
Semosavlebis
mixedviT.
mosaxleoba
saTbobad
iyenebs
araefeqtur,
tradiciul Rumelebs. Sedegad sakvlev teritoriaze, SeSis moxmarebis wili
sxva sawvavTan SedarebiT maRalia, rac ganapirobebs sxva sakvlev
teritoriebTan energo moxmarebis maCveneblis metnakleb msgavsebas.
suraTi 4.1: tipiuri araiTboizolirebuli Senoba (sofeli qistauri, axmetis
municipaliteti)
Telavis municipalitetSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvis monacemebi aseTia: 12
ojaxis Semosavali saSualos utoldeba, 13 ojaxis Semosavali ukiduresad
dabalia (Raribi fena) monacemebi ase gadanawilda: sofel iyalToSi 5 ojaxi
Raribia, 4 saSualo Semosavlis mqone; sofel gulgulaSi – 5 Raribi, 3
saSualo Semosavlis mqone; sofel ruispirSi – 3 Raribi, 5 saSualo
Semosavlis mqone. axmetis municipalitetSi ki gamokiTxvis Sedegebi
Semdegnairad gadanawilda: qalaqi axmeta: 5 Raribi, 5 saSualo Semosavlis
mqone; sofeli qistauri 4 Raribi, 3 saSualo Semosavlis mqone; sofeli
qvemo alvani - 2 Raribi, 6 saSualo Semosavlis mqone. amasTan, arc erTi
komli ar Tvlis rom maTi Semosavali saSualoze maRalia.
30
ixileT: samSeneblo normebi da wesebi, samSeneblo klimatologia, snda w pn 01.05-06, oficialuri gamocema,
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro, Tbilisi, 2006.
40
aqedan, dasaqmebis ZiriTadi wyaro samTavrobo seqtori da soflis
meurneobaa. gamonakliss warmoadgenda ojaxebi, romlelTa wevrebic
dasaqmebuli iyo kerZo seqtorSi (ZiriTadad axmetaSi; mosaxleoba
dasaqmebulia maRaziebSi da mcire zomis mini marketebSi). is ojaxebi,
romelTa Semosavalic saSualoze dabali iyo, soflis meurneobaSi arian
dasaqmebulebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom zogi mosaxle soflis meurneobis seqtors
ar ganixilavs, rogorc Semosavlis miRebis wyaros.
suraTi 4.2: tipiuri araiTboizolirebuli Senoba (sofeli iyalTo, Telavis
municipaliteti)
yvela gamokiTxul ojaxs uwyveti eleqtroenergia miewodebodaT da
individualuri mricxveli qondaT. OgamokiTxuli ojaxebi denis miwodebiT
kmayofilebas gamoxatavdnen, ramdenime SemTxvevis gamoklebiT. magaliTad
sofel qistaurSi gamokiTxuli 8 saojaxo meurneobidan, 2-ma ganacxada, rom
kmayofilebi arian energo kompaniis momsaxurebiT, 2 adamiani ukmayofilo
iyo, da 4 maTgani kmayofilebas gamoTqvamda. ZiriTadi ukmayofilebis
mizezad eleqtro gadamcemi xazebis arsebuli mdgomareoba da Zabvis vardna
saxeldeboda; TiToeuli gamokiTxuli ojaxi TveSi saSualod 150 - 200
kvt/sT eleqtroenergias moixmars, amasTan, SedarebiT maRali Semosavlis
mqone ojaxebi TveSi daaxloebiT 250 kvt/sT-mde eleqtroenergias moixmars,
maTgan maRali semosavlis mqone ojaxebis elmoxmareba TveSi saSualod
250kvt/sT-a, xolo mcire Semosavlis mqone ojaxebis Tviuri eleqtro
moxmareba 100 kvt/sT-ze dabalia. saSualod ojaxis danaxarji moxmarebul
eleqtroenergiaze wliurad daaxloebiT 120-idan 180 dolaris eqvivalentSi
meryeobs. Tumca arsebobs gamonaklisebic, roca SedarebiT maRali
Semosavlebis mqone ojaxebSi moxmarebuli eleqtroenergiis wliuri
safasuri 250 dolaris eqvivalentze maRalia.
bunebrivi gazi Telavis municipalitetis did nawils miewodeba (teritoria
moicavs qalaq axmetas da mimdebare soflebs: zemo alvani, qvemo alvani da
matani). gazis miwodebiT mosaxleoba kmayofilia. ojaxebi gazs aqtiurad ar
moixmaren,
moxmarebis
Tviuri
raodenoba
20-30
m3-s
ar
aRemateba.
gamokiTxulTagan mxolod erTi ojaxi moixmarda 80 m 3-s. wliurad es
41
danaxarji TiToeuli ojaxisaTvis daaxloebiT 100 aSS dolaris eqvivalents
Seadgens.
pirad saubrebSi mosaxleoba aRniSnavda, rom bunebrivi airis Seyvana
sakuTar saxlSi mosaxlisaTvis Zviria, daaxloebiT 700-1000 aSS dolari
jdeba (Tanxebi sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxvaa, da damokidebulia
sacxovrebel Senobasa da ZiriTadi gazsadeni mils Soris manZilze).
Sedegad, zogierT sofelSi sadac centraluri gazmomaragebaa, potenciuli
momxmareblebis
raodenoba
mniSvnelovnad
aRemateba
gazis
daregistrirebuli abonentebis raodenobas. Sedegad, mosaxleobis didi
nawili
sakvebis
dasamzadeblad
kvlav
gaTxevadebul
airs
iyenebs.
gaTxevadebuli airis Rirebuleba 1 kg-ze daaxloebiT 2 aSS dolaria.
wliuri danaxarji saSualod 130-200 aSS dolars Seadgens.
axmetis
municipalitetSi
mxolod
erTi
ojaxi
iyenebda
eleqtro
gamaTbobels SeSis RumelTan damatebiT. Sesabamisad, misi eleqtroenergiis
danaxarjebi TveSi 300 kvt/sT-s Seadgenda (rac yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli
iyo
sakvlev
teritoriaze).
aRsaniSnavia,
rom
aRniSnuli
ojaxis
energodanaxarjis wili ojaxis wliuri biujetis mxolod 5%s Seadgenda
(rac sxva ojaxebTan SedarebiT wliuri energodanaxarjis dabali
maCvenebelia).
sakvlev teritoriis farglebSi SeSa gamokiTxulTa saTbobis ZiriTad
wyaros warmoadgenda (erTi gamonaklisis arsebobiT qalaq axmetaSi). SeSa
ZiriTadad zamTris periodSi saTbobad gamoiyeneba (wlis ganmavlobaSi 6
Tvis manZilze; Tumca zogierT SemTxvevebSi ki respodentebi ambobdnen, rom
isini SeSas saTbobad 7 Tvis ganmavlobaSi iyeneben). rogorc wesi, saTbob
SeSas sakvebis mosamzadebladac iyeneben, SedarebiT Raribi mosaxleobis
nawili ki SeSas sakvebis dasamzadeblad mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi moixmars
TiToeuli ojaxis SeSaze danaxarji wlis ganmavlobaSi sul mcire
daaxloebiT 200-250 aSS dolaria (praqtikulad ki 300 aSS dolarze meti).
uklebliv yvela gamokiTxulma SeSa rTulad mosapovebel da Zvir resursad
daasaxela
sainteresoa is faqti, rom sakvlev teritoriaze Txevadi gazis miwodebam ar
Caanacvla SeSis gamoyeneba, mosaxleoba gasaTbobad kvlav SeSas iyenebs
(axmetaSi mcxovrebi erTi mosaxlis gamoklebiT). kvlevis dros, mxolod ori
SemTxveva dafiqsirda roca SeSis Rumeli periodulad gazis RumeliT iyo
Canacvlebuli.
regionSi mcoxrebi ojaxebis saxlis gaTbobis arsebuli praqtika msgavsia
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionisaTvis (didi qalaqebisa da Raribi
mosaxleobis
gamoklebiT) da igi SemdgomSi mdgomareobs: zamTris
sezonisaTvis ojaxebi SeSis RumeliT mxolod erT an ori (iSviaTad meti)
oTaxis gaTbobas axerxeben, danarCeni oTaxebi ar Tbeba 31 . mTeli dRis
ganmavlobaSi ojaxi im oTaxSia Tavmoyrili, sadac Rumelia ganTavsebuli
31
Mzogjer zamTris sezonis ganmavlobaSi mTeli ojaxi erT oTaxSi cxovrobs
42
(cxovroben, amzadeben sakvebs; dasaZineblad ki civ oTaxebSi inacvleben).
amgvari praqtika saxeldeboda kaxeTSi, ojaxebis socialuri statusis da/an
Semosavlis miuxedavad. yvela ojaxi siTbos mxolod dRis ganmavlobaSi
moixmars. Senobis gaTbobis msgavsi praqtikaa raWis regionSic.
suraTi 4.3: SeSa zamTris periodis moxmarebisaTvis
kiTxvari – giqmniT Tu ara arsebuli gaTbobis sistema komfortul
pirobebs? respodentebis naxevarma dadebiTad upasuxa; 21 gamokiTxulis
pasuxi iyo – periodulad (drodadro), 4 gamokiTxuli ki ukmayofilo.
gaTbobis sistemiT gamowveuli ukmayofilebis mizezad ki an Senobebis
arasrulyofili
Tboizolacia
saxeldeboda,
an
SeSis
Rumelis
araefeqturoba, an ki orive faqtori erTad.
kiTxvari – gamarTlebulia Tu ara gaTbobaze arsebuli danaxarjebi ojaxis
biujetidan gamomdinare? mxolod oTxma respodentma upasuxa kiTxvas
uaryofiTad,
23
gamokiTxulma
kiTxvas
dadebiTi
pasuxi
gasca;
danarCenebisaTvis ki es danaxarjebi nawilobriv gamarTlebuli iyo (amgvari
pasuxis dasturad isini asaxelebdnen im faqts, rom gaTbobaze daxarjuli
Tanxa mTliani saxlis gaTbobas ver uzrunvelyofda).
msgavsi midgoma fiqsirdeba eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis (ZiriTadad
ganaTebis) SemTxvevaSic. energo danaxarjebis miRebis TvalsazrisiT,
mxolod erTma ojaxma Secvala varvara naTurebi energoefeqturi naTurebiT.
danarCeni ojaxebi energodazogvas maT mier SemuSavebuli praqtikis
ganxorcielebiT aRweven. energodazogvis mizniT, isini varvara naTuras
mxolod erT oTaxSi xmaroben (es is oTaxia, sadac Rumelia ganTavsebuli).
43
arc
erT
ojaxs
ar
gaaCnia
oTaxis
gamagrilebeli
mowyobiloba
(kondicioneri). gamokiTxulTagan 20 ojaxs qonda eleqtroenergiaze
momuSave wylis Termuli rezervuari (9 Telavis municipalitetis soflebSi,
4 qalaq axmetaSi da 7 axmetis municipalitetis soflebSi).
kiTxvari – saojaxo biujetis ra nawili ixarjeba energomoxmarebaze?
TiTqmis naxevarma (24 ojaxi) respodentma upasuxa, rom maTi energo
danaxarjebi saerTo biujetis 50%ze naklebia (maT Soris, oTxma – 10%ze
naklebi samma- 20% ze naklebi, aTma- 30%ze naklebi da oTxma 40 %ze naklebi
odenoba daasaxela). 13 gamokiTxulma ojaxma Tqva rom energomoxmarebis
danaxarjebi maTi saerTo biujetis 50 % ze metia (maT Soris pasuxebi ase
gadanawilda: oTxi – 60%; xuTi – 70%; sami – 80% da erTi 90%).
am monacemebis mixedviT, kaxeTis sakvlevi teritoria mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavdeba raWisagan, sadac gamokiTxulTa 24 ojaxma Semdegi pasuxi gasca:
15 respodenti Tvlida rom maTi energomoxmarebis danaxarjebi wliuri
biujetis 50 %s Seadgens, oris pasuxi iyo -10%, erTis 15% danarCenis ki 60%ze meti.
energomoxmarebis
danaxarjebi
gamokiTxulma
ojaxebma
Semdegnairad
Seafases: 9 maTganisTvis energomoxmarebis danaxarjebis gadaxda problemas
ar warmoadgenda; 18 ojaxisTvis energomoxmarebis danaxarjebis gadaxda
saSualo sirTule iyo, 15 ojaxisTvis energomoxmarebis danaxarjebis
gadaxda rTuli iyo, xolo 8 respodenti aRniSnavda rom energomoxmarebis
danaxarjebis gadaxda ukiduresad rTuli iyo.
sacxovrebeli Senobebis tipi da mdgomareoba aseve mniSvnelovani faqtoria
energo moxmarebisaTvis. rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, energomoxmarebis
mniSvnelovani wili Senobis gaTbobaze modis, da misi efeqturoba
mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli Senobis Tbosaizolacio Tvisebebze.
sakvlev teritoriaze arsebuli Senobebis umetesi nawili aSenebulia
cementis blokiTa da qviT; es masala, Tavis mxriv xasiaTdeba siTburi
danakargebiT da amgvari Senobis gaTboba SesaZlebelia mxolod siTbos
uwyvet rejimSi miwodebiT SenobaSi. Senobis mxolod dRis saaTebis
ganmavlobaSi gaTboba mosaxleobas ufro Zviri ujdeba. gamokiTxuli 50
ojaxidan mxolod 26 aTbobda 2-3 oTaxs (saSualod 35-60 m2 farTobi), oTx
SemTxvevaSi 4 oTaxis gaTboba xdeboda, mxolod or SemTxvevaSi ojaxi mTel
pirvel sarTuls aTbobda (100-150 m2 saerTo farTobiT). yvela danarCen
SemTxvevaSi (5 ojaxi) ojaxebi mxolod erT oTaxs, 20-25 m2 saerTo
farTobiT, aTbobdnen.
sakvlev teritoriaze, mxolod ramdenime Senobas qonda metalo-plastikuri
CarCoebi (Senobis mxolod nawils). yvela danarCen SemTxvevaSi fanjris
CarCoebi xisgan iyo gakeTebuli da ar qonda Tboizolacia. erTmagi Seminvis
mqone xisgan damzadebul fanjris CarCoebs SeuZliaT SenobaSi uzrunvelyon
metnaklebad komfortuli siTbo mxolod uwyveti gaTbobis pirobebSi. igive
SeiZleba iTqvas Senobis karebebze da gadaxurvazec romelic Tavis mxriv
44
sxvadasxva tipis metalisganaa naSenebi, ar gaaCnia Tboizolacia da maRali
TbodanakargebiT xasiaTdeba.
qvemoT, ixileT kvlevis Sedegebi Tu rogor nawildeba energo danaxarjebi
tipiuri saojaxo meurneobisaTvis:
saSualod erTi ojaxi moixmars:
~1,513 kvt/sT eleqtro energias wlis ganmavlobaSi;
~888 kvt/sT Txevad gazs (LPG) an 3,551 kvt/sT bunebriv gazs (im
teritoriebisaTvis sadac bunebrivi gzis centralizebuli miwodebaa) wlis
ganmavlobaSi.
~17,444 kvtsT SeSas wlis ganmavlobaSi.
amrigad, jamSi wlis ganmavlobaSi erTi ojaxi, im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki mas ar
miewodeba bunebrivi gazi, daaxloebiT 19,845 kvt/sT energias moixmars,
xolo bunebrivi gazis moxmarebis SemTxvevaSi misi energomoxmareba Seadgens
22, 297 kvt/sT.
es monacemebi Semdegi gaTvlebiT miiReba (da msgavsia mdinare
zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzis sakvlevi teritoriis monacemebisa):
rionis
eleqtro energia – izomeba kvt/sT-Si; mricxvelis monacemebidan aRebuli;
LPG – gaTxevadebuli gazis 1 kg 12.87 kvt/sT-s Seadgens; 1m3=2kg32
1m3 bunebrivi gazi – saSualod 9.35 kvt/sT
SeSis
kaloriulobis
koeficienti
gamoTvlil
iqna
wifelisaTvis;
aRniSnuli saxeoba raWaSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli. tenianobis maCveneblis
mixedviT, is meryeobs 1,672 dan 1,888 kvt/sT mde, rac saSualod 1,780 kvt/sT-s
Seadgens. 33 vinaidan, haerze gamomSrali wifelis morebis tenianobis
maCvenebelis dadgena ver moxerxda, gamoTvlebisaTvis gamoviyeneT aRniSnuli
saSualo koeficienti.
cxrili 4.1. ojaxis saSualo wliuri energodanaxarjebi
energiis tipi
Eleqtroenergia
mricxvelidan aRebuli
bunebrivi airis monacemebi
wlis
ganmavlobaSi
moxmarebuli
kvt/sT-s
odenoba
1 kvtsT-is
Rirebuleba
(mocemulia
aSS
dolarSi)
jamuri
danaxarjebi
(mocemulia aSS
dolarSi)
1,513
3,511
0.09834
0.033
142
116
32
http://www.volker-quaschning.de/datserv/faktoren/index_e.php
http://nuke.biomasstradecentres.eu/Portals/0/D2.1.1%20-%20WOOD%20FUELS%20HANDBOOK_BTC_EN.pdf
34
saSualo fasi
33
45
LPG
SeSa – bazarze nayidi
yvela tipis energia
ojaxebi, romlebic
maragdebian bunebrivi
gaziT
ojaxebi, romlebic
gamoiyeneben Txevad airs
(LPG)
888
17,444
0.17
0.021
151
366
22,297
-
618
19,845
-
659
mniSvnelovani
bunebriv-geografiuli
Taviseburebebis
gansxvavebis
miuxedavad,
mdinareebis
alazanisa
da rionis
zedawelis
sakvlevi
teritoriebi
energo
moxmarebis
TvalsazrisiT
msgavsia.
sakvlev
teritoriaze, saojaxo meurneobebis energo moxmarebis mniSvnelovani wili
kvlav SeSaze modis. raWis sakvlevi teritoriisagan gansxvavebiT, mdinare
alazanis zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzis teritoriaze arsebuli saojaxo
meurneobebis wili romelsac bunebrivi gazi miewodeba mniSvnelovnad
maRalia (gamokiTxuli ojaxebis 1/3 Seadgens). mosaxleoba saTbob resursad
SeSas iyenebs imisda miuxedavad, rom araefeqturi Rumelebis da dabali
Tboizolaciis pirobebSi Senobis Tbodanakargebi maRalia. tipiuri saojaxo
meurneobis energomoxmarebis 78% SeSaze midis im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki mas
miewodeba bunebrivi gazi. saojaxo meurneobebi, romlebic gaTxevadebul
airs (LPG) iyeneben, energomoxmarebis 88%s SeSaze xarjaven. ojaxebi,
romelTac bunebrivi airis momarageba aqvT, daaxloebiT 4-jer met energias
xarjaven, vidre ojaxebi, romlebic gaTxevadebul airs (LPG) iyeneben.
bunebrivi airisa da gaTxevadebul airis (LPG) fasi mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavdeba. Sedegad, is ojaxebi, romlebic meti raodenobis bunebriv gazs
moixmaren, mniSvnelovnad nakleb Tanxas ixdian, vidre ojaxebi, romlebic
naklebi odenobis gaTxevadebul airis (LPG) moixmaren.
cxrili 4.2: wliuri energodanaxarjebis Sedareba sakvlevi wyalSemkrebi
auzis teritoriisaTvis
energiis tipi
mdinare rionis wedawelis
mdinare alazanis
wyalSemkrebi auzis
wedawelis wyalSemkrebi
teritoria
auzis teritoria
wlis
jamuri
wlis
jamuri
ganmavlobaSi danaxarjebi ganmavlobaSi danaxarjebi
moxmarebuli (mocemulia moxmarebuli (mocemulia
kvtsT-s
aSS
kvtsT-s
aSS
odenoba
dolarSi)
odenoba
dolarSi)
eleqtroenergia
1,344
108
1,513
142
LPG
352
53
888
151
SeSa – bazarze
19,358
581
17,444
366
nayidi
yvela tipis energia
21,054
742
19,845
659
46
suraTi 4.4: saojaxo meurneobebSi energo moxmarebis danaxarjebis
ganawileba (bunebrivi airiT uzrunvelyofili ojaxebi)
jamuri danaxarjebi aSS dolarSi
23%
Electricity
59%
Natural Gas - metered
18%
Firewood - purchased on
market
0%
suraTi 4.5: saojaxo meurneobebSi energo moxmarebis ganawileba (bunebrivi
airiT uzrunvelyofili ojaxebi)
wlis ganmavlobaSi moxmarebuli kvt/sT
7%
15%
0%
Electricity
Natural Gas - metered
78%
Firewood - purchased on
market
suraTi 4.6: saojaxo meurneobebSi energo moxmarebis danaxarjebis
ganawileba (ojaxebi, romlebic gaTxevadebul airs (LPG) iyeneben)
47
22%
55%
23%
Electricity
LPG
Firewood - purchased on market
suraTi 4.7: saojaxo meurneobebSi energo moxmarebis ganawileba (ojaxebi,
romlebic gaTxevadebul airs (LPG) iyeneben)
wlis ganmavlobaSi moxmarebuli kvt/sT
8%
4%
88%
Electricity
LPG
Firewood - purchased on market
48
suraTi 4.7: saojaxo meurneobebSi energo moxmarebis danaxarjebis ganawileba; mdinare alazanisa da rionis
zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzebis Sedareba (ojaxebi, romlebic gaTxevadebul airs (LPG) iyeneben)
(mdinare rionis zedaweli)
(mdinare alazanis zedaweli)
0%
15%
22%
7%
55%
23%
78%
Electricity
LPG
Firewood – purchased on market
Electricity
LPG
suraTi 4.8: saojaxo meurneobebSi energo moxmarebis ganawileba; mdinare alazanisa da rionis zedawelis
wyalSemkrebi auzebis Sedareba (ojaxebi, romlebic gaTxevadebul airs (LPG) iyeneben)
wlis ganmavlobaSi moxmarebuli
kvt/sT (mdinare rionis zedaweli )
wlis ganmavlobaSi moxmarebuli
kvt/sT (mdinare alazanis
zedaweli)
2%
6%
8%
92%
4%
88%
49
Electricity
LPG
Electricity
LPG
5.adgilobrivi mTavroba da energo
seqtori
saqarTveloSi ar arsebobsMmkafio sakanonmdeblo sistema, romelic
aregulirebs adgilobrivi mmarTvelobebisa da energetikuli seqtors
Soris urTierTobas.Asavele kvlevebis dros Catarebuli gamokiTxvebisas,
axmetisa da Telavis municipalitetebis warmomadgenlebma ver SeZles
amgvari
kavSirebis
identificireba 35 .
saqarTvelos
kanonis
TviTmmarTvelobebis Sesaxeb (2304-rs2005-12-16) Tanaxmad, TviTmmarTveli
erTeulebis biujetis Semosulobebi Sedgeba adgilobrivi kerZo
biznesebidan
(maT
Soris
energobiznes
seqtoridan)
adgilobrivi
gadasaxadebis da mosakreblebis saxiT Sesuli gadasaxadebisagan. mdinare
alazanis zedawelis wyalSemkrebi auzis SemTxvevaSi kerZo energo biznes
seqtoridan miRebuli gadasaxadebis raodenobis dadgena ver moxerxda.
erTis
mxriv,
municipalitetisaTvis
energo
seqtoris
saqmianoba
oficialuri ganxilvis sagans ar warmoadgenda. meores mxriv, 2010 wlis
dekembris savele kvlevebis procesSi jgufma daafiqsira kaxeTis
energodistribuciis
menejersa
da
regionalur
administraciasTan
arsebuli kargi samuSao urTierToba.
rogorc
Cans,
TiToeul
municipalitets
energo
kompaniebTan
urTierTobis
misTvis
misaRebi
formati
aqvs
SemuSavebuli.
municipalitetebsa da energo kompaniebs Soris arsebuli TanamSromloba
ukavSirdeba energiis (ZiriTadad eleqtroenergiis) miwodebis sakiTxebs.
magaliTad, yovelTviurad, eleqtro distribuciis kompania waradgens
energo
danaxarjebis
Sesaxeb
angariSs,
romlis
gadamowmeba
da
dadastureba/verifikacia xdeba municipalitetebis mier rac warmoadgens
eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis da danaxarjebis registraciisa da satarifo
gadasaxadis dadgenis safuZvels. soflis/Temis doneze, energo kompaniis
warmomadgeneli da rwmunebuli erTad amowmeben eleqtroenergiis
mricxvelze daricxul maCvenebels. Gproblemis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi
(rac sakmaod xSiria im teritoriisaTvis, romelsac kaxeTis energo
distribucia
emsaxureba),
soflis
mosaxle
daxmarebisaTvis
municipalitets mimarTavs. municipaliteti Tavis mxriv adgilobriv
mosaxleobasa da energo kompanias Soris Suamavlis rols asrulebs.
msgavsi urTierTobis forma rTulia karg TanamSromlobad Sefasdes,
miTumetes
rom
energodistribuciis
kompania valdebulia qondes
abonentTa momsaxurebis cxeli xazi. aRsaniSnavia, rom sakvlevi
wyalSemkrebi auzebis teritoriebidan, msgavsi problema (cxeli xazis
ararseboba) mxolod kaxeTSi fiqsirdeba.
municipaliteti da kaxeTis energo distribuciis kompaniis erToblivi
TanamSromlobis magaliTad SesaZloa ganvixiloT eleqtroenergiis
vauCeris mosaxleobisaTvis darigebis procesi, rogorc finansuri
35
savele kvlevebis dros, SDAP jgufis wevrebi Sexvdnen Telavis gamgeblis moadgiles, finansuri
departamentis ufross da sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuris pasuxismgebel pirs. axmetaSi kimunicipalitetis administraciis ufross da sazogadoebaTan urTierTobis samsaxuris ufrosTan.
50
daxmarebis
tipi.
Amunicipaliteti
saojaxo
meurneobebis
energo
moxmarebis Sesaxeb informacias (maT Soris, informacias abonentTa
saxelebis, misamarTebisa da/an gamorCenili abonentebis Sesaxeb) iRebs
sakuTari monacemTa bazidan da ar iyenebs energokompaniis mier
miwodebul
informacias.
eleqtroenergiis
vauCerebi
rigdeba
36
municipalitetebis TanamSromlebis mier .
kaxeTis
municipalitetis
administracia
aseve
Suamdgomlobs
mosaxleobasa da bunebrivi airis sadistribucio kompanias Soris
warmoqmnili gaugebrobis SemTxvevaSi. Tumca Telavis municipalitetis
SemTxvevaSi, mdgomareoba sxvagvaria: Sps sokar jorjia - gazis
sadistribucio
kompania
saqarTvelos
mTavrobasTan
dadebuli
xelSekrulebis mixedviT, valdebulia sakuTari saxsrebiT aaSenos an
ganaaxlos bunebrivi airis milsadenebi, raTa axmetis mimdebare soflebi
uzrunvelyofili iyos bunebrivi airis miwodebiT. amavdroulad, msgavsi
tipis valdebuleba visolis gazis sadistribucio kompanias saqarTvelos
mTavrobasTan ar gaaCnia, miuxedavad amisa, calkeul SemTxvevebSi
kompania finansur monawileobas iRebs sxvadasxva organizaciebis mier
inicirebul proeqtebSi. magaliTad, saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier
ganxorcielebuli soflis daxmarebis saxelmwifo programis farglebSi
soflebs garkveuli raodenobis Tanxa gamoeyoT biujetSi. programaSi
monawile TiToeuli sofeli Tavad gadawyvets raSi gamoiyenos
aRniSnuli Tanxa. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gadawyda, rom es Tanxa moxmardes
bunebrivi airis infrastruqturas, maSin municipaliteti mimarTavs
Sesabamis uwyebas (saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi arsebul Telavis raionis
Sps saproeqto saxarjTaRricxvo biuros) proeqtis detalur saproeqto
saxarjTaRricxvo samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad.
aRniSnuli biuro
SeimuSavebs detalur teqnikur proeqts Sesabamisi biujetiT, da amgvari
momsaxurebisaTvis saproeqto Rirebulebis 1-2%s iRebs. aRniSnuli
programis farglebSi satendero procedurebi gaTvaliswinebuli araa;
samSeneblo samuSaoebs awarmoebs visol gaz distribuciis kompania. Tu
kompania CaTvlis, rom calkeuli proeqti finansurad momgebiania, man
SesaZloa sakuTari biujetidan daafinansos proeqtis masStabis gazrda
(am SemTxvevaSi gaafarTovos gaz-distribuciis qseli). yvela msgavsi
tipis proeqtis zedamxedvelobasa da monitorings uzrunvelyofs
municipalitetis zedamxedvelobis samsaxuri, romlis dadebiTi Sefasebis
safuZvelze gaicema Sesabamisi anazRaureba da xdeba Catarebuli
samuSaos Cabareba.
2012 wels soflis daxmarebis programaSi monawile 24 soflidan 8
sofelma prioritetul proeqtad bunebrivi airis sadistribucio qselis
ganviTareba daasaxela, maTgan 4 proeqtis Tanadafinanseba visol
gazdistribuciam uzrunvelyo. sofel kondolSi visolma damatebiT
proeqtis Rirebulebis 70% gamoyo (soflis daxmarebis programiT
gamoyofili biujeti 45,236 lars Seadgenda); sofel gulgulaSi ki
damatebiT proeqtis Rirebulebis 100% gamoyo (gamoyofili saxelmwifo
biujeti – 27,782 lari), sofel vardisubanSi damatebiT proeqtis
Rirebulebis 50% gamoyo (saxelmwifo biujeti – 49,134 lari) da sofel
36
Saintereso iqneba myunicipalitetebis mflobelobaSi arsebuli momxmarebelTa sia Sedardes kaxeTis
energodistribuciis kompaniis msgavsi tipis siasTan.
51
iyalToSi ki damatebiT proeqtis Rirebulebis 60% gamoyo (saxelmwifo
biujeti 48, 503 lari).37
Sesabamisi
sakanonmdeblo
regulaciis
ararsebobis
pirobebSi
adgilobriv mTavrobebsa da energo kompaniebs Soris urTierTobebis
efeqturoba
mniSvnelovanwiladaa
damokidebuli
erTis
mxriv
adgilobrivi mTavrobis warmomadgenlebis unarze lobireba gauwios rig
sakiTxebs da meores mxriv, energo kompaniis keTil nebaze dadebiTad
upasuxos
amgvar
moTxovnebs.
zogierT
SemTxvevaSi
soflis
administracias unari Seswevs daicvas sakuTari mosaxleobis interesi,
sxva SemTxvevebSi soflis administracias Sesabamisi survili an unarebi
ar gaaCnia.
winamdebare kvlevaSi Cven SevecadeT Segveswavla energo moxmarebis
tipebi municipalur SenobebSi. A2011 wlisTvis axmetis municipalitetis
balansze 19 Senoba fiqsirdeboda (maT Soris: municipalitetis da
sasoflo Temebis administraciuli Senobebi, wylis saqaCi sadgurebi da
sxva Senoba-nagebobebi). yvela Senobas qonda eleqtroenergiis momarageba.
maTgan mxolod municipalitetis administraciul Senobas miewodeboda
bunebrivi airi. savaraudod, bunebriv airs mxolod gaTbobisTvis
gamoiyenebdnen, vinaidan ivnisi-noembris Tveebis periodSi mricxvelze
daricxuli
Cveneba
ar
fiqsirdeboda.
Municipaluri
Senobebs
Soris,Mmunicipalitetis administraciis Senoba yvelaze didi energo
momxmarebeli iyo (moxmarebuli eleqtroenergiis 40-75%mde am Senobaze
modioda). soflis administraciuli Senoba TveSi 20 kvt/sT-ze nakleb
eleqtroenergias moixmarda.
axmetis municipalitetSi 36 sabavSvo baRis Senobaa, 12 maTgans ar qonda
individualuri eleqtroenergiis mricxveli. 38
darCenili 25 baRidan
mxolod ramdenimemoixmarda 100 kvt/sT ze met eleqtroenergias.
ToTxmeti baRis Senoba moixmarda 500 kvt/sTze nakleb eleqtroenergias.
yvela baRis Senoba merqnul SeSas gamoiyenebda zamTris periodSi
gaTbobisaTvis.
umravlesoba
(20
sabavSvo
baRis
Senoba)
wlis
3
ganmavlobaSi 10 m
SeSas moixmarda. SeSis fasi municipaluri
SenobebisaTvis (daaxloebiT 35 aSS dolari) TiTqmis utoldeboda
saojaxo meurneoebis mier Sesyidul SeSis fass (37 aSS doalri).
axmetis municipalitetis balanszea aseve 4 musikaluri skolis Senoba
(arc erT maTgans ar aqvs individualuri eleqtro mricxveli),
kulturuli centri, sportuli skola da janmrTelobis centri. yvela
es Senoba gaTbobisaTvis iyenebs daaxloebiT 5-7 m3 moculobis SeSas.
mxolod sportskola moixmarda 22 m3 SeSas, Tumca Tu Senobis farTs
gaviTvaliswinebT, SegviZlia davaskvnaT rom Senobis gaTbobisaTvis es
raodenoba sakmarisi araa. sportskolam 2011 wels eleqtroenergiis
moxmarebam 391 kvt/sT Seadgina.
am cifrebiT Tu vimsjelebT, cxadia rom verc erTi municipaluri Senoba
(gamonaklisia municipalitetis administraciuli Senoba) ver axerxebs
37
SDAP jgufma ver moipova informacia visolis mier am ptroeqtebis SerCevis kriteriumebis Sesaxeb.
sabavSvo baRebi municipalitetebis balanszea, magram maTi marTva damoukidebeli iuridiuli erTeulis mier
xdeba.
38
52
komfortuli pirobebis
vizitorTaTvis.
uzrunvelyofas
misi
TanamSromlebisa
Tu
qalaq Telavi regionaluri administraciis centria, amavdroulad
municipalitetSi udidesi dasaxlebuli punqti. amitom, quCis ganaTeba
municipalitetis energo moxmarebis erT-erT ZiriTad nawils Seadgens
(daaxloebiT 70% ia moxmarebuli energiis). Aadministraciuli Senobebi
eleqtroenergiis mcire momxmareblebi arian. miuxedavad imisa, rom
Senobebs bunebrivi airiT uzrunvelyofilebi arian, Senobebis didi
nawili gaTbobisaTvis kvlav moixmaren SeSas.
Telavis municipalitetSi 20 sabavSvo baRia, 2011 wlisTvis 7 maTgans
eleqtroenergiis individualuri mricxveli qonda. 3 baRis Senoba
uzrunvelyofili iyo centraluri gazmomaragebiT, danarCeni sakvebis
mosamzadeblad gaTxevadebul airs moixmarda. Uklebliv yvela sabavSvo
baRis Senoba gasaTbobad gamoiyenebda SeSas. noember-dekembris periodSi
SeZenili SeSis raodenoba 8 sabavSvo baRisaTvis 4m 3-s Seadgenda, 6
sabavSvo baRisaTvis – 8m3 iyo, 4 SenobisTvis – 12 m3, 16 SenobisTvis – 20
m3. Telavis municipalitetSi situacia SeSis moxmarebis mxriv situacia
ukeTesia vidre axmetis municipalitetSi, Tumca unda aRiniSnos is faqti
rom
sabavSvo
baRebis
mier
gamoyenebuli
SeSis
Rumelebi
araenergoefeqturia, Sesabamisad ver uzrunvelyofs saWiro komfortis
raodenobas da amavdroulad misi gamoyeneba xifaTis Semcvelia.
6. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
angariSis momzadebisas miRebuli praqtika cxadyofs, rom saqarTveloSi
adgilobriv da centralur doneebze ar arsebobs erTian bazaSi
Tavmoyrili informacia energetikuli monacemebis Sesaxeb. arsebuli
monacemebi gabneulia sxvadasxva saxelmwifo da kerZo uwyebebSi da maTi
mopoveba SesaZlebelia mxolod oficialuri mimarTvis safuZvelze
(kerZo dawesebulebebidan informaciis mopoveba ki maT keTil nebazea
damokidebuli). saboloo jamSi SDAP-is mier sruli informacia
mopovebuli iqna energetikisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
daxmarebiT.
monacemebis
xelmisawvdomobis
problema
sxvadasxva
seqtorSic
fiqsirdeba da SesaZloa ganixilul iqnas mimdinare reformebis
ganxorcielebis erT-erTi xelSemSleli faqtori. aRniSnuli sakiTxi
amyarebs energetikulma pasportis Seqmnis aucileblobas, romelic Tavis
mxriv SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnas rogorc energetikuli monacemebis
Segrovebisa da damuSavebis instrumenti.
rigi
warmatebulad
ganxorcielebuli
reformebis
miuxedavad,
saqarTvelo kvlav rCeba mcired-ganviTarebadi ekonomikis mqone Rarib
qveynad. Aam mizeziT aixsneba is faqti, rom mdinare alazanisa da rionis
zedawelis wyalSemkrebi teritoriisaTvis saojaxo energo moxmarebas
qveynis
saerTo
energo
moxmarebis
didi
wili
uWiravs.
imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom sasoflo mosaxleobis didi nawili Raribia,
saojaxo
meurneobebis
energomoxmarebis
tipsa
da
struqturas
53
gansazRvravs moxmarebuli energiis is minimaluri odenoba, romelic
saWiroa zamTris sezonze gaTbobis uzrunvelsayofad. yvela sxva tipis
energo moxmareba meoradia.
miuxedavad mdinare alazanisa da rionis zedawelis wyalSemkrebi
sakvlevi teritoriebis gansxvavebuli georgafiuli pirobebisa Tu
socio-ekonomikuri maCveneblebisa, saojaxo meurneobebis struqtura da
tipi, aseve mosaxleobis Cvevebi da preferenciebi msgavsia. orive
SemTxvevaSi energo moxmarebis fonuri maCvenebeli ganisazRvreba
klimaturi faqtorebiT, romelic Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs gaTbobis
periodis
xangrZlivobas,
aseve
gaTbobisaTvis
saWiro
energiis
raodenobas.
orive sakvlevi teritoriisaTvis msgavsi Taviseburebaa gaTbobaze maRali
danaxarjebi, romelic Tavis mxriv ganpirobebulia araefeqturi gaTbobis
sistemebiTa da sacxovrebeli Senobis dabali TboizolaciiT. gaTbobis
maRali xarjebis kompensirebisaTvis mosaxleoba zRudavs sxva tipis
energo moxmarebas (magaliTad, ar xmarobs ganaTebas yvela oTaxSi); aseve
xarjebis dabalansebas cdilobs sxva saWiro produqciis yidvisgan Tavis
aridebiT (amgvari produqtebis yidvas mosaxleoba maRali energo
danaxarjebis gamo ver axerxebs).
rogorc avRniSneT, gaTbobaze maRali danaxarjebi ganpirobebulia
araefeqturi gaTbobis sistemebiT, Senobebis dabali TboizolaciiT da
saTbobi SeSis maRali fasiT. amavdroulad, aRniSvnas saWiroebs is
faqti, rom mosaxleoba informirebuli araa energodazogvisa da
energoefeqturi martivi tipis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb39.
qvemoT mocemulia aRniSnuli kvlevis Sedegebi da SemoTavazebulia
rekomendaciebi
sxvadasxva
dainteresebuli
mxarisaTvis,
romelTa
ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesdeba adgilobrivi
mosaxleobis energomoxmareba, amavdroulad daizogeba tyis resursebi:
 pirveli: moewyos energo efeqturobisa da energo dazogvis Sesaxeb
sazogadoebis
cnobierebis
amaRlebis
RonisZiebebi
adgilobrivi
mosaxleobisaTvis. amgvari RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba SesaZleblobas
miscems adgilobriv mosaxleobas, sakuTari ZalebiT ganaxorcielon
martivi tipis energo damzogavi RonisZiebebi;
 meore: SemuSavebul iqnas martivi, mcirebiujetiani energo efeqturi
daTbunebis RonisZiebebi dabali Semosavlis mqone mosaxleobisaTvis;
 mesame: municipalitetebSi Seiqmnas daTbunebis servis centri, romelic
daexmareba mosaxleobas amgvari RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebaSi;
 meoTxe: regionis mosaxleobisaTvis moewyos energoefeqturi Rumelis
damzadebis
saswavlo
kursebi.
amgvari
aqtivoba
uzrunvelyofs
damatebiTi
samuSao
adgilebis
Seqmnas.
aRsaniSnavia,
rom
energoefeqturi Rumelebi SeSis moxmarebas 1.5-2 jer amcirebs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom misi gamoyenebisas erTis mxriv Senobis haeris xarisxi
39
mosaxleobis mier Senobis erTi oTaxis gaTboba ufro iZulebiTi RonisZiebaa, vidre
gonivrulad gaazrebuli energo dazogva
54
umjobesdeba, meores mxriv, energoefeqturi Rumelebis danergvisa da
farTod
gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi
tyis
resursebze
zewola
mniSvnelovnad Semcirdeba.
 mexuTe: Catardes energo efeqturi Rumelebis testireba; grZelvadian
perspeqtivaSi ki moxdes SeSis Rumelebis serTificireba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mdinareebis alazanisa da rionis zedawelis saproeqto
teritoriebis
energomoxmarebis
parametrebi
metnaklebad
msgavsia,
Sedegad, zemoTCamoTvlili rekomendaciebi identuria mdinare rionis
zedawelis
wyalSemkrebi
auzis
energoanalizSi
mocemuli
rekomendaciebisa. damatebiT, SDAP centri Tvlis, rom saWiroa moxdes
sakvlevi teritoriis sajaro Senobebis inventarizacia da SerCeuli
Senobebis energo auditi. Pparalelurad, moewyos energo auditis
Sedegebis demonstrireba Tanmxlebi treiningiT energo efeqturobisa da
energo
dazogvis
Sesaxeb
adgilobrivi
mTavrobisaTvis,
rac
uzrunvelyofs adgilobrivi mTavrobebis swori gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis process.
rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, adgilobrivi mosaxleoba prioritets aniWebs
imgvar energo mowyobilobebs/danadgarebs, romlebic instalaciis Semdeg
operirebisaTvis minimalur finansur danaxarjebs saWiroeben (an saerTod
ar
saWiroeben);
aseTi mowyobilobebia:
mzis
panelebi,
biogazis
danadgarebi, mikro an piko hidrosadgurebi, romlebic eleqtroenergias
adgilobriv mosaxleobas miawvdian (qselSi CarTuli araa) da a.S. Tu
mosaxleobis amgvar preferenciebs gaviTvaliswinebT, aseve mxedvelobaSi
miviRebT im faqts, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobas dagegmili aqvs arsebuli
hidroenergoresursebis potencialis maqsimaluri gamoyeneba (mdinare
rionis auzSi identificirebulia mdinaris is monakveTebi, sadac
SesaZlebelia
potenciuri
hesebis
ganTavseba),
mcire
hidroeleqtrosadguris
mSeneblobis
rekomendaciis
marTebulobas
eWvqveS vayenebT. Aaseve, gvsurs SevniSnoT, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom
gavrcelebuli
mosazrebis
mixedviT,
mcire
garemoze
hidroeleqtrosadguris
zemoqmedeba
mcirea,
ganTavsebis
adgilis
mixedviT, mcire hesis mSeneblobisa da operirebiT gamowveuli garkveuli
zemoqmedeba SesaZloa mniSvnelovani iyos. hidroeleqtrosadgurebis
arasworma dagegmam SesaZloa rigi mniSvnelovani problemebi gamoiwvios,
rogorebicaa, mdinareSi hidrologiuri reJimis cvlileba, zewola qveda
biefSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobaze, ekosistemebsa da biomravalferovnebaze
negatiuri
zemoqmedeba.
Hhidroeleqtrosadguris
(maT
Soris
mciremasStabianma)
kaskadebma
SesaZloa
did
hesze
aranaklebi
mniSvnelobis zemoqmedeba gamoiwvios. Sesabamisad, am faqtorebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, mSeneblobis dawyebamde saWiroa saTanado detaluri
kvlevebis Caatareba. am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, winamdebare
angariSi fokusirebas axdens ganaxlebadi energiis sxva wyaroebze, da
gTavazobT mzis energiis potencialis, biogazis danadgarebisa da SeSis
peletebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis Sefasebas.
SeSis peletebi. sawvavad amgvari peletebis gamoyeneba ufro efeqturia,
vidre merqnuli SeSis, romelic Tavis mxriv saqarTvelos yvela regionSi
farTod gamoiyeneba. 1m3 amgvari peletisa Seicavs 3,100 kvtsT energiis
55
wyaros 40 , Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom sakvlevi teritoriisaTvis SeSis
energo koeficientad miRebulia 1,780 kvtsT, Sesabamisad, SeSis peletebi
1.74 jer metad efeqturia, vidre merqnuli SeSa. aRsaniSnavia, rom
peletebi merqnuli industriis Tanaproduqts warmoadgens. peletebis
warmoeba tradiciul merqnul SeSasTan SedarebiT konkurentunariani
mxolod msxvili warmoebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSia. saqarTveloSi ar
arsebobs kargad ganviTarebuli merqnuli industria, Sesabamisad, ar
aris
ekonomikurad
momgebiani
peletebis
warmoebac.
peletebis
3
mciremasStabiani warmoeba aramomgebiani biznesia, 1m peletis warmoeba
daaxloebiT 120 aSS dolari jdeba. es daaxloebiT 0.039 aSS dolaria
warmoebul erT kvtsT-ze, maSin roca sakvlevi teritoriisaTvis 1kvt/sT
SeSa daaxloebiT 0.016 aSS dolari jdeba (daaxloebiT 2.4 jer naklebi).
Sesabamisad,
saqarTvelos
arsebuli
realobis
da
elementaruli
teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Cven ar vuwevT
rekomendacias merqnuli SeSis peletebiT Canacvlebas. garda amisa,
peletebis gamoyeneba saWiroebs Sesabamis Rumels, romelic sakmaod
Zviria da saqarTveloSi misi importi ar xdeba. magaliTad, aSS-s bazarze
amgvari Rumelebis fasi saSualod 1400dan 3000 aSS dolaramde meryeobs 41.
Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos im regionebSi, sadac
Txilis
plantaciebia
gaSenebuli,
Txilis
naWuWisgan
briketebis
damzadeba SesaZloa momgebian saqmianobad CaiTvalos.
mzis energia. standartuli (2m2) mzis paneli saqarTvelos bazarze
mwarmoebelisa da modelis mixedviT, daaxloebiT 1000-1400 aSS dolari
jdeba (TanxaSi Sedis instalaciis Tanxac). amgvari mzis wylis vakuum
gamacxelebeli saSualo klimaturi pirobebis SemTxvevaSi, daaxloebiT
weliwadSi 2000 kvtsT energias gamoimuSavebs. es raodenoba sakmarisze
metic kia sakvlevi teritoriis saojaxo meurneobebis cxeli wylis
momaragebisaTvis; gareda amisa, yoveli kerZo SemTxvevisaTvis panelis
Rirebulebis daangariSeba xdeba SekveTis tipis mixedviT. miuxedavad
amisa, amgvari Tanxis gadaxda soflis mosaxleobisaTvis advili amocana
araa da xSir SemTxevaSi SeuZlebelia donoruli daxmarebis gareSe.
amitom, rekomendirebulia amgvari daxmareba (mzis panelebis instalireba)
mTavrobisa da donori organizaciebis xelSewyobiT sabavSvo baRebsa da
skolebma miiRon (imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am uwyebebs uWirT yvelaze
elementaruli energo servisiT moswavleebis uzrunvelyofa).
biogazi. standartuli biodanadgari (BGD-6 markis) saqarTvelos bazarze
daaxloebiT 2,230 aSS dolari jdeba. saqarTvelos im regionebSi, sadac
mkacri zamTari icis, misi Rirebuleba kidev ufro maRalia, radgan am
SemTxvevaSi
saWiroa
damatebiTi
Tboizolacia
biodanadgaris
srulyofili muSaobisaTvis. amgvari danadgari, sakvlevi teritoriis
mosaxleobisaTvis
sakmaod
Zviria
(maTTvis
SedarebiT
naklebad
ZviradRirebuli
energoefeqturi
Rumlis
SeZenac
ki
sirTules
warmoadgens). aseve, msgavsi biodanadgaris operirebisaTvis sul cota 4
msxvilfexa pirutyvis yolaa saWiro (mosaxleobis umetesi nawilisTvis
es miRebuli praqtika araa). biodanadgaridan miRebuli gazis gamoyeneba
mxolod sakvebis momzadebisTvisaa (da ara gaTbobisaTvis) SesaZlebeli.
40
http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?_pageid=75,20041&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
41
ixileT wyaro http://www.woodpelletstoves.net/buying.html,
http://www.homedepot.com/webapp/catalog/servlet/ContentView?pn=KH_BG_HF_Wood_Pellet_Stoves, see chapter 4 of this report
56
amgvarad,
msgavsi tipis
mowyobilobebis/biodanadgaris
instalacia
SesaZlebelia
Sesaferisi
pirobebis
dakmayofilebis
SemTxvevaSi
(mosaxles 4ze meti msxvilfexa pirutyvi yavs). amasTan, biodanadgaris
instalacia sawyis investicias moiTxovs, rac rogorc avRniSneT
adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis sirTules warmoadgens da dafinansebis
alternatiul sqemas saWiroebs.
57
danarTi 1: saojaxo energo
moxmarebis kiTxvari
1.



ZiriTadi informacia saojaxo meurneobebis Sesaxeb
dasaxleba -------------------------------------------------------------ojaxis wevrTa raodenoba (permanentulad mcxovrebi) ----------------------------ojaxis wevrTa asaki (0-15, 16-64 an meti; sqesi) -------------------------------------------------



maT Soris dasaqmebulTa raodenoba ------------------------------------------------------------------saqmianobis sfero --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Semosavlis tipi/kategoria (Raribi, sasualo Semosavali, maRali
Semosavali, pasuxi ar maqvs)
gyavT Tu ara avtomanqana? ki/ara


dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, gTxovT gvipasuxoT ra tipis da
raodenobis sawvavs xmarobT Tvis ganmavlobaSi----------------------------------------------------------
2. ZiriTadi informacia energiis wyaroebis Sesaxeb
Eeleqtroenergia, ki/ara



dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, aris Tu ara eleqtroenergiis
miwodebis problema? ki/ara
dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, ra tipis mricvelia?
individualuri/saerTo
ra raodenobiseleqtroenergias iyeneben Tvis ganmavlobaSi? (kvtsT)--------------------------------------------------------

kmayofili xarT Tu ara energo kompaniis servisiT? – kmayofili
var, nawilobriv kmayofili, ar var kmayofili

ukmayofilebis mizezi – elmiwodebis SezRudva, xarisxi, servis
kompaniis personali, sxva mizezebi----------------------------------------------------------bunebrivi gazi; ki/ara
dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, gaqvT Tu ara gazis mricxveli?
ki/ara
ra raodenobis bunebriv gazs moixmarT Tvis ganmavlobaSi?(kuburi
metri) -------------------------------------------------kmayofili xarT Tu ara bunebrivi gazis momwodebeli kompaniiT?
kmayofili var, nawilobriv kmayofili, ar var kmayofili
kompaniis personali, sxva mizezebi----------------------------------------------------------SeSa; ki/ara






58

ra raodenobis SeSas moixmarT Tvis ganmavlobaSi?(kuburi metri) -------------------------------------------------







SeSis mopovebis ra wyaroebs mimarTavT? movipoveb tyekafidan,
vyidulob bazarze, sxva (ganmarteT)
advilad mosapovebelia Tu ara merqnuli SeSa? mopoveba advilia,
rTulia, Zalian rTulia ----------------------------------------------------------ukmayofilebis mizezi ----------------------------------------------------------Txevadi gazi; ki/ara
ra raodenobis Txevad gazs moixmarT Tvis ganmavlobaSi? (kuburi
metri) -------------------------------------------------sxva saxis Txevadi gazi; ki/ara
kompaniis personali, sxva mizezebi-----------------------------------------------------------
3. ZiriTadi informacia Senobis maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb


aSenebis weli --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------rekonstruqciis/ganaxlebis weli-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Senobis ra naxazebia xelmisawvdomi (fasadis, sarTulebis,
jvaredini seqciebis), miuTiTeT-----------------------------------------------romeli sistemebis naxazebia xelmisawvdomi (gaTbobis, ventilaciis,
da a.S.), miuTiTeT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------arsebobs Tu ara teqnikuri dokumentacia da aRweriloba?-------------------------------
4. monacemebi Senobis struqturis Sesaxeb
 iatakis raodenoba --------------------------------------------------------------------- iatakis simaRle (m) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- iatakis saerTo farTobi (m2) -------------------------------------------------------------- moculoba (m3) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ iatakis perimetri (m) --------------------------------------------------------------------------4.1. gare kedlebi
1. kedlebis zogadi daxasiaTeba – cudi, misaRebi, kargi
2. gare kedlebis saerTo farTobi (m2) ------------------------------------------3. kedlis mSeneblobis tipi – saZirkveli, naxevradsaZirkveli –
aguris, cementis blokis, xis sxva --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. kedlis mSenebloba – saZirkveli – aguris, cementis bloke, qva, xe,
sxva --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. kedlis mSenebloba – meore sarTuli - aguris, cementis bloke, qva,
xe, sxva --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59
6. fasadis orientacia – CrdiloeTi, Crdilo aRmosavleTi,
aRmosavleTi, samxreT aRmosavleti, samxreTi, samxreT dasavleTi,
dasavleti, Crdilo dasavleTi
4.2. fanjrebi
1. fanjrebis zogadi mdgomareoba – cudi, damakmayofilebeli, kargi
2. fanjrebis saerTo farTi (m2) ------------------------------------------3. fanjrebis masalebi – xe, alumini, metaloplastikati, sxva -------------------------------------
4. fanjris CarCos tipi – erTmagi CarCo, ormagi CarCo, sxva----------------------------------
5. Seminvis tipi – erTmagi, ormagi, sammagi
4.3. karebi
1. karebis zogadi mdgomareoba – cudi, damakmayofilebeli, kargi
2. karebis saerTo farTobi (m2) ------------------------------------------3. karebis masala – xe, alumini, metalo plastikati, sxva --------------------------------------------
4. karebis CarCos tipi – erTmagi CarCo, ormagi CarCo, sxva
-----------------------------
---------------
5. Seminvis tipi – erTmagi, ormagi, sammagi
4.4. saxuravi


saxuravis zogadi tipi – cudi, damakmayofilebeli, kargi
saxuravis saerTo farTobi (m2) -------------------------------------------
saxuravis
tipi RF1
saxuravi
gaTbobis
sivrcis
zemoT
mansarda, saxuravis
tipi 2 RF2
mansarda, saxuravis
tipi RF3
mansarda, saxuravis
tipi RF4
H
H2
H
H1
mansardaSi
saSualo
temperatura
(°C)
mansardis
simaRle m
H1
H2
60

saxuravis masala ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.5. iataki
1. iatakis arsebuli mdgomareobis ZiriTadi Sefaseba (cudi,
damakmayofilebeli, kargi)
2. iatakis saerTo farTi (m2) ------------------------------------------iatakis tipi 1
fila miwaze
iatakis tipi 2
sardafi, romelic ar
Tbeba
iatakis tipi 3
sardafi, romelic Tbeba
5. gaTbobis / kondicirebis sistemebi
5.1. centraluri gaTboba / individualuri gaTboba / qvesadguris/saqvabis
mdgomareoba / mudmivi centraluri gaTboba / qvabi / Tburi tumbo / el.
energiiT gaTboba da sxva ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.2. energomatarebeli - gazi / el energia / biomasa /qvanaxSiri / mZime
navTobi / dizeli / --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5.3. gamaTbobeli mowyobilobebi - radiatorebi (raodenoba) /SeSus
Rumelebi (raodenoba) /gazis Rumelebi
(raodenoba)/eleqtroradiatorebi/eleqtrokondicionerebi ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.4. Senobis ra nawili Tbeba? oTaxebis raodenoba, farTobi (m 2), iataki,
sxva ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.5. ra xangrZlivobiT xdeba Senobis gaTboba? (Tve, dRe) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.6. ra sixSiriT xmaroben gaTbobas – yovel dRe, kviraSi ramdenime dRe,
drodadro, sxva ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61
5.7. rogor xmaroben gaTbobas – yovel dRe, kviraSi ramdenime dRe,
drodadro, sxva ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.8. giqmniT Tu ara arsebuli gaTbobis sistemebi cxovrebisaTvis
komfortul garemos? – ki, yovelTvis, drodadro, ara
5.9. uaryofiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, daasaxeleT mizezi – araefeqturi
gaTbobis sistemebi, Senobis cudi Tboizolacia, gaTbobis sistemebis
maRali fasi, sawvavis rTulad xelmisawvdomoba, sxva -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.10. gamarTlebulia Tu ara gaTbobis danaxarjebi saojaxo biujetidan
gamomdinare? ki, nawilobriv, ara
5.11. uaryofiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, daasaxeleT mizezi--------------------------------------------------
5.12. ventilaciis sistemebi – ki/ara
5.13. dadebiTi pasuxis semTxvevaSi, gTxovT gvipasuxoT ra tipis haeris
kondicioners gamoiyenebT? bunebrivi ventilacia/ meqanikuri ventilacia/
balansirebuli ventilacia/ haeris gamaTbobeli sistema/sxva ---------------------------------------
5.14. gaqvT Tu ara cxeli wylis gamatbobeli? ki/ara
5.15. dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, gTxovT gvipasuxoT ra tipis
gamaTbobels iyenebT? – centralur gaTbobis sistemaze dakavSirebuls,
bunebrivi gazis boilers, eleqtroboilers, ‘atmoris’ tipis, Txevad
gazze momuSave boilers, naxSirze an SeSaze momuSave boilers, mzis
koleqtors, sxva ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.16. ganaTebis sistemebi – naTurebis tipi (tradiciuli varvara naTurebi,
energo efeqturi naTurebi) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.17. Senobis ra nawili naTdeba? oTaxebis raodenoba, miuTiTeT -------------------------------
5.18. eleqtroenergias Segnebulad zogavT? ki/ara
5.19. dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, miuTiTeT dazogvis saqmianoba-------------------------
5.20. iciT Tu ara ras niSnavs termini ‘energo efeqturoba’? ki/ara
62
5.21. dadebiTi pasuxis semTxvevasi, gTxovT ganmarteT ------------------------------------------------------------
6. energo danaxarjebi
1. ra raodenobis eleqtroenergias moixmarT (ra Tanxas xarjavT)
wlis ganmavlobaSi? (mricxvelis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, anaTvali
mricxvelidan aiReT) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. ra raodenobis gazs moixmarT (ra Tanxas xarjavT) wlis
ganmavlobaSi? (mricxvelis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, anaTvali
mricxvelidan aiReT) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.
4.
5.
6.
ra raodenobis Txevad gazs moixmarT (ra Tanxas xarjavT) wlis
ganmavlobaSi? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ra raodenobis SeSas moixmarT (ra Tanxas xarjavT) wlis
ganmavlobaSi? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ra raodenobis sxva tipis sawvavs moixmarT (ra Tanxas xarjavT)
wlis ganmavlobaSi? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------saojaxo biujetis ra nawils xarjavT energomoxmarebaze?
-----------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.
8.
9.
giqmniT Tu ara finansur problemebs amgvari danaxarjebi? Kki/ara
dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi gTxovT ganmartoT es problema
Semdegnairad: umniSvnelo, saSualo mniSvnelobis, Zalian rTuli,
ukiduresad rTuli (gadauWreli)
am problemis mizezi Tqveni azriT aris: Zviri energia, araefeqturi
servisi, Tanxasa da serviss Soris Seusabamoba, dabali Semosavali,
sxva -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
63
danarTi 2: gamartivebuli energo
balansi
qvemoT mocemulia gamartivebuli energo balansi, monacemebi damuSavda
municipalitetis doneze. qvemoT mocemuli monacemebi samomavlod
gamoiyeneba energo pasportis programis Sesaqmnelad, Tumca es
informacia saboloo araa da programaze muSaobis procesSi SesaZloa
Seicvalos (daematos, ganaxldes). monacemebi Sedgenilia axmetisa da
Telavis municipelitetebis energo pasportisaTvis.
energo resursebi:
mineraluri sawvavi – ara
hidro resursebi – 179mgvt dadgmuli simZlavre; 988 gvt/sT potenciuri
wliuri energogeneracia
qaris energia – ucnobia, monacemebi ar arsebobs
mze – >100 milioni gvt/sT wliurad
biogazi – monacemebi ar arsebobs
sawvavi SeSa – monacemebi ar arsebobs
energo miwodeba:
adgilobrivi warmoeba:
mineraluri sawvavi – ar arsebobs
hidroresursebi – 36 gvt/sT
qaris energia – ara
mzis energia – ucnobia, monacemebi ar arsebobs
biogazi – ucnobia, monacemebi ar arsebobs
sawvavi SeSa – 43.2 gvt/sT
importi:
eleqtroenergia – monacemebi ar arsebobs
bunebrivi gazi – 7839420 m3; 73. 377 m kvt/sT
eqsporti – ara
64
saboloo momxmarebeli:
sacxovrebeli Senobebi: eleqtroenergia 31.199 gvt/sT; bunebrivi airi/LPG –
73.377 gvt/sT ; sawvavi SeSa – 730 gvt/sT
mrewveloba da komerciuli Senobebi – eleqtroenergia – 29.681 gvt/sT;
bunebrivi airi/LPG – 29.360 gvt/sT ; sawvavi SeSa – ara, Txevadi sawvavi – ara
65

teqnikuri angariSi 23 mdinare alazanis wyalSemkrebi

Transcrição

Documentos relacionados

(414) - 2010 w

garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb 2001 w.

atmosferuli haeris xarisxobrivi mdgomareoba