(Exercício 02).
Transcrição
(Exercício 02).
Exercício 02 Questão 04 TEXTO I Braudel suggests that capitalism is: a) mostly defined by agriculture. b) moving towards immateriality. c) oriented towards local finance. d) related to specialized industry. After Capitalism The era of transition that we are entering will be disruptive – but it may bring a world where markets are servants, not masters. 1 To understand what capitalism might become, we first have to understand what it is. This is not so simple. Capitalism includes a market economy, but many traditional market economies are not capitalistic. It includes trade, but trade, too, long precedes capitalism. It includes capital – but Egyptian pharaohs and fascist dictators commanded surpluses too. The French historian Fernand Braudel offered perhaps the best description of capitalism when he wrote of it as a series of layers built on top of the everyday market economy of onions and wood, plumbing and cooking. These layers, local, regional, national and global, are characterised by ever greater abstraction, until at the 2 top sits disembodied finance, seeking returns anywhere, uncommitted to any particular place or industry, and commodifying anything and everything. Only a few decades ago there was great interest in what would supersede capitalism. The answers ranged 3 from communism to managerialism, and from hopes of a golden age of leisure to dreams of a return to community and ecological harmony. Today these utopias can be found in the movements around the World Social Forum, on the edges of all of the major religions, in the radical sub-cultures that surround the net, and in moderated form in thousands of civic ventures across the world. Questão 05 The word disembodied understood as: a) foreign. b) marketed. c) nearby. d) vague. (ref. 2) can be best Questão 06 Communism and managerialism (ref. 3) mentioned in the text as systems that: a) are considered unwanted utopias nowadays. b) could have been alternatives to capitalism. c) managed to supersede globalized capitalism. d) were commonly considered the golden ages. are Questão 07 We can say that the author of the text thinks that religion: a) can be seen as sub-culture. b) is a radical way of living. c) allows for utopian ideals. d) induces civic engagement MULGAN, Geoff. Available at: http://www.prospect magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=10680. Access on June 17th, 2009 COM BASE NO TEXTO I, RESPONDA ÀS QUESTÕES DE 01 A 08. Questão 08 Questão 01 Study this cartoon: The introduction to the text (ref. 1) implies that, at present, the capitalist system: a) guides transitions. b) rules the world. c) serves the market. d) teaches governors. Questão 02 The best topic for the first paragraph is that: a) capitalism includes market economy. b) it is not very easy to define capitalism. c) the elements in capitalism are traditional. d) we cannot tell the future of capitalism. Questão 03 According to the text, market economy, trade and capital (1st paragraph) are: Aprovação em tudo que você faz. 1 www.colegiocursointellectus.com.br DOMUS_Apostila 01 - INGLÊS - Módulo 02 (Exercício 02) a) alternatives to ancient policies. b) byproducts of new capitalism. c) insufficient to define capitalism. d) theories of economic systems. Despite Hemingway’s assurances, Huck Finn remains one of the most challenged books in the U.S. In an attempt to avoid controversy, CBS Television produced a made-for-TV adaptation of the book in 1955 that lacked a single mention of slavery, or even any African American cast members to portray the character of Jim. In 1998, parents in Tempe, Ariz. sued the local high school over the book’s inclusion on a required reading list. The case went as far as a federal appeals court; the parents lost. TEXTO II Censorship in Modern Times By M.J. Stephey Brave New World Since 1982, the American Library Association has sponsored Banned Books Week to pay tribute to free speech and open libraries. The tradition began as a nod to how far society has come since 1557, when Pope Paul IV first established The Index of Prohibited Books to protect Catholics from controversial ideas. Four-hundred and nine years later, Pope Paul VI would abolish it, although attempts at censorship still remain. Here, TIME presents some of the most challenged books of all time. By Aldous Huxley The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Huxley’s 1932 work — about a drugged, dull and mass-produced society of the future — has been challenged for its themes of sexuality, drugs, and suicide. The book parodies H.G. Wells utopian novel Men Like Gods, and expresses Huxley’s disdain for the youthand market-driven culture of the United States. Chewing gum, then as now a symbol of America’s teeny-bopper shoppers, pops up in the book as a way to deliver sex hormones and subdue anxious adults; pornographic films called “feelies” are also popular grown-up pacifiers. In Huxley’s vision of the 26th century, Henry Ford is the new God (worshipers say “Our Ford” instead of “Our Lord,”) and the car maker’s concept of mass production has been applied to human reproduction. As recently as 1993, a group of parents attempted to ban the book in Corona-Norco, Calif. because it “centered around negativity.” In 1885, the Concord, Mass. Public Library banned the year-old book for its “coarse language” — critics deemed Mark Twain’s use of common vernacular (slang) as demeaning and damaging. One reviewer dubbed it “the veriest trash ... more suited to the slums than to intelligent, respectable people.” Little Women author Louisa May Alcott lashed out publicly at him, saying, “If Mr. Clemens [Twain’s original name] cannot think of something better to tell our pure-minded lads and lasses he had best stop writing for them.” (That the word “nigger” appears more than 200 times throughout the book did not initially cause much controversy). In 1905, the Brooklyn Public Library followed Concord’s lead, banishing the book from the building’s juvenile section, explaining: “Huck not only itched but scratched, and that he said sweat when he should have said perspiration.” Twain enthusiastically fired back, once saying of his detractors: “Censorship is telling a man he can’t have a steak just because a baby can’t chew it.” Luckily for him, the book’s fans would eventually outnumber its critics. “It’s the best book we’ve had,” Ernest Hemingway proclaimed, “All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since.” Aprovação em tudo que você faz. Nineteen Eighty-F Four By George Orwell 2 www.colegiocursointellectus.com.br DOMUS_Apostila 01 - INGLÊS - Módulo 02 (Exercício 02) We can infer that the cartoon above says that socialism: a) interested few workers. b) found hope in capitalism. c) scared people in the US. d) surprised most politicians. Powell was just 19 when he wrote this 1971 cult classic. The guerrilla how-to book managed to not only anger government officials, but anarchist groups as well. One such organization, CrimethInc., said the book misrepresents anarchist ideals and later released its own book of the same name. Other critics attacked the book for more practical reasons — some of the bomb-making recipes that Powell included turned out to be dangerously inaccurate. Ironically, an older and purportedly wiser Powell later tried to censor his own book. After converting to Christianity, Powell publicly denounced his work, writing in 2000 on Amazon.com that the book is “a misguided product of my adolescent anger at the prospect of being drafted and sent to Vietnam to fight in a war that I did not believe in.” But even Powell couldn’t successfully ban the book from print; he no longer owns the rights. Lolita (www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1842832_18428 38,00.html. Access on Oct. 1, 2009) By Vladmir Nabokov COM BASE NO TEXTO II, RESPONDA ÀS QUESTÕES 09 E 10. Questão 09 Indique o(s) título(s) do(s) livro(s) que gerou/geraram polêmica e/ou censura: a) por parte do próprio autor após sua publicação. b) devido ao uso de um vocabulário pouco refinado. c) porque retratava de forma crítica e pessimista a sociedade de consumo. Questão 10 Grupos diferentes de leitores fizeram interpretações distintas sobre o romance “1984”. Explicite-as. First published in France by a pornographic press, this 1955 novel explores the mind of a self-loathing and highly intelligent pedophile named Humbert Humbert, who narrates his life and the obsession that consumes it: his lust for “nymphets” like 12-year-old Dolores Haze. French officials banned it for being “obscene,” as did England, Argentina, New Zealand and South Africa. Today, the term “lolita” has come to imply an oversexed teenage siren, although Nabokov, for his part, never intended to create such associations. In fact, he nearly burned the manuscript in disgust, and fought with his publishers over whether an image of a girl should be included on the book’s cover. GABARITO Questão 01 Letra C. Traduzindo o título: "A era de transição na qual estamos entrando será disruptiva – mas poderá trazer um mundo onde os mercados sejam os serviçais, e não os senhores", isto é, na era atual os mercados são os senhores (e o capitalismo serve ao mercado). The Anarchist Cookbook Questão 02 By William Powell Letra B. Lê-se na sentence retirada do texto: “To understand what capitalism might become, we first have to understand what it is. This is not so simple.” Questão 03 Letra C. Podemos entender a resposta nos trechos a seguir: “...but many traditional market economies are not capitalistic… but trade, too, long precedes capitalism. It includes capital – but Egyptian pharaohs and fascist dictators commanded surpluses too.” Aprovação em tudo que você faz. 3 www.colegiocursointellectus.com.br DOMUS_Apostila 01 - INGLÊS - Módulo 02 (Exercício 02) It’s both ironic and fitting that Nineteen Eighty-Four would join the American Library Association’s list of commonly challenged books given its bleak warning of totalitarian censorship. Written in 1949 by the British author while he lay dying of tuberculosis, the book chronicles the grim future of a society robbed of free will, privacy or truth. Some reviewers called it a veiled attack against Joseph Stalin and the Soviet ruler’s infamous “midnight purges,” though, oddly enough, parents in Jackson County, Fla. would challenge the book in 1981 for being “pro-Communist.” The book spawned terms like “Big Brother” and “Orwellian” and continues to appear in pop culture — most recently as the inspiration for a political YouTube hit. The year 1984 may have passed, but the book’s message remains as relevant as ever. Letra B. Percebemos a resposta no trecho: “…he wrote of it as a series of layers built on top of the everyday market economy of onions and wood, plumbing and cooking. These layers, local, regional, national and global, are characterised by ever greater abstraction…” Questão 05 Letra D. Espera-se que o leitor conheça o significado da palavra: "sem corpo"; "vago". Questão 06 Letra B. Lê-se a resposta no trecho: “… there was great interest in what would supersede capitalism. The answers ranged from communism to managerialism…” (… houve grande interesse sobre o que substituiria o capitalismo…). Questão 07 Letra C. Lê-se a resposta no trecho do último parágrafo: “Today these utopias can be found in the movements around the World Social Forum, on the edges of all of the major religions,…” Questão 08 Letra B. O candidato deveria interpretar a expressão "see a light at the end of the tunnel" da mesma maneira como no português: "ver uma luz no fim do túnel", que significa "encontrar/haver uma esperança". Questão 09 a) Lolita and The Anarchist Cookbook. b) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. c) Brave New World. As respostas encontram-se nos trechos: a) "In fact, he nearly burned the manuscript in disgust…" (Lolita); "… Powell later tried to censor his own book." (The Anarchist Cookbook) b) "…critics deemed Mark Twain’s use of common vernacular (slang) as demeaning and damaging." c) Huxley’s 1932 work — about a drugged, dull and mass-produced society of the future — has been challenged for its themes of …As recently as 1993, a group of parents attempted to ban the book in CoronaNorco, Calif. because it “centered around negativity.” Questão 10 Uns o consideraram uma crítica dissimulada ao regime soviético de Stalin, e outros o consideraram como pró-comunista. Aprovação em tudo que você faz. 4 www.colegiocursointellectus.com.br DOMUS_Apostila 01 - INGLÊS - Módulo 02 (Exercício 02) A resposta encontra-se no trecho: Some reviewers called it a veiled attack against Joseph Stalin and the Soviet ruler’s infamous “midnight purges,” though, oddly enough, parents in Jackson County, Fla. would challenge the book in 1981 for being “pro-Communist.” A maior dificuldade da resposta está, provavelmente, no entendimento do adjetivo "veiled" em "a veiled attack..." (veiled = dissimulado; coberto com um véu). Questão 04
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