Virtual Power Plant (VPP)
Transcrição
Virtual Power Plant (VPP)
Simulation to quantify the revenues of linked CHPdevices providing reserve control under realistic conditions Glasgow, April 4th 2011 MICROGEN‘II Michael Steck, Research Center for Energy Economics, Munich (FfE) 1 Distributed Energy Resources Fuel Heat Demand Feed-in tariff Household Electricity District Heating Fuel Electricity Industry Electricity Renewables 2 Virtual Power Plant (VPP) Virtual Power Plant (VPP) Fuel Fuel Definition Heat (VPP) demand Virtual Power Plant A virtual power plant is a cluster of distributed Electricity electricity generators Household collectively run by a central control entity.NahwärmeThe distributed electricity netz generators (DEG) are characterised by producing and supplyingElectricity energy nearby the consumer. Industry Feed-in tariff Wholesale market Grid Service Electricity Renewables 3 electric load in GW Analysis of Load Profiles for Political Targets 80 70 consumption REN target CHP target CHP today 60 50 40 30 20 10 ©FfE BMWi-0002 Flexibilisierung von DEA_00237 4 Motivation of VPPs Integration of Renewables • Reducing greenhouse gas emissions • Meeting political targets Electric Grid • optimized grid operation • increased grid qualitiy • reducing reactive power 5 Electricity trading • Additional marketing options • Contributing to grid services Existing VPP-projects in Germany Nr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 Name of project EDISon Virtuelles Kraftwek Unna European Virtual Fuel Cell Power Plant KonWerl Energiepark 2010 Virtuelles Regelkraftwerk Virtuelles Kraftwerk Harz Dispower VKW Rheinland-Pfalz VIRTPLANT Regernatives Kombikraftwerk ProViPP RegModHarz AlpEnergy Zuhausekraftwerk Virtuelles Kraftwerk München Location Start Karlsruhe 1999 Unna 2001 Duisburg/Essen 2001 Werl 2002 Saarbrücken 2003 Clausthal 2004 Karlsruhe 2001 Bingen 2005 Freiburg 2005 Kassel 2006 Köln 2008 Kassel 2008 Kempten 2009 Hamburg 2009 2010 München Dispatching Power Plants Is Easy (1) Starting with merit order, ... 7 Dispatching Power Plants Is Easy (2) ... considering minimum load, start costs, gradients and part load efficiency. 8 Dispatching Power Plants Is Easy (3) Even deviations of the electric demand are handy to fix. 9 Dispatching CHP-Devices Is Challenging (1) The CHP-engine can‘t fulfil contrary electric and thermal demand simultaneously... 10 Dispatching CHP-Devices Is Challenging (2) ... but the thermal storage could help a bit, in some cases. 11 Dispatching CHP-Devices Is Challenging (3) Devitations of the load forecast are drastic and more frequently (habitant behaviour) and have impact on every single device. Underproduction, affecting the grid 12 Thermal load occured and predicted Packages of examination operation: How to do a suitable dispatch? What kind of information about the DER is essential? How to react on device faults? strategy: Which devices are best suited for the pool? What size should the thermal storage have? How many devices should be pooled for best resulsts? strategy 13 trading: On which markets should be participated? What are the prospects and risks? operation trading Bildernachweis: aboutpixel.de Päckchen © Rainer Sturm delivery contract CHP2 operation CHP1 operation electric / thermal load thermal load forecast Leistung Leistung electric / thermal load Forecasted and Occurred Load occurred thermal load schedule deviation CHP2 operation CHP1 operation time time Day-Ahead-predicted Load Occurred Load • Trading electricity makes forecast necessary • Quality of forecast has high impact on revenues • Simulation considers deviation of the forecast and calculates revenues 14 Comparison of different market options Additional Revenues ex post (ex ante) +0,2% (+3,7%) 120% 100% 80% Revenues Erlöse 60% +7,0% (+10,6%) +9,3% (+13,0%) Vermiedene grid bonus Netznutzung KWKallowance Bonus Stromerlös electricity 40% 20% 0% -20% Wärmeerlös heat Betriebsfuel kosten -40% -60% wärmegeführt Thermal load control DA-Vermarktung Wholesale Market DA- / MR-Vermarktung Wholesale Market / (mittlerer Leistungspreis) Tertiary Frequency Control Providing Grid Services could be interesting regarding economical aspects. 15 DA- Wholesale / MR-Vermarktung Market (max. Leistungspreis) / Tertiary Frequency Control (max. prices) Outlook: Outstanding Analysis Extending the calculation of scenarios with different boundary conditions: • number of pooled units • size and operation mode of thermal storage • different prices and trading strategies Testing different algorithms to calculate dispatch (MIP, LP, heuristic) Examination of strategies to react on device faults 16 Thank Your For Your Attention Dipl.-Ing. Michael Steck +49 (89) 158121-22 [email protected] Research Center for Energy Economics Am Blütenanger 71 80995 Munich http://www.ffe.de 17