Boletim eletrônico do LAE/FMVZ/USP, ed. 22, 30 jun. 2010

Transcrição

ESPECIAL - SUSTENTABILIDADE
AGROPECUÁRIA E O DESENVOLVIMENTO
SUSTENTÁVEL
Socioeconomia & Ciência Animal
Boletim Eletrônico do LAE/FMVZ/USP
Edição 022, de 30 de junho de 2010
IV. SUSTENTABILIDADE NA AVICULTURA DE
CORTE E DE POSTURA
Cintia M. Kaminishikawahara1
Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues2
EDITORIAL
Nos dias 15 e 16 de junho foi realizado o II
Simpósio de Sustentabilidade e Ciência Animal,
promovido pela FMVZ/USP. O evento trouxe
importantes
contribuições
e
discussões
relacionadas à temática. Nos próximos dias serão
divulgadas as palestras, artigos e matérias sobre
o evento, no site www.sisca.com.br. Acompanhe!
Em nosso acompanhamento periódico dos
trabalhos publicados em revistas científicas,
destacamos artigos das últimas edições do
Journal of Animal Science, Animal, Fisheries
Research, Veterinary Record e Journal of
Environmental Management, dentre outros.
No quarto e último artigo da série sobre
Agropecuária e o Desenvolvimento Sustentável,
são enfocadas as aviculturas de corte e postura.
Na seção de clippings, apresentamos um
completo acompanhamento dos acontecimentos
do mundo científico neste mês de junho que se
encerra, bem como informações relevantes para
os mercados e os ambientes institucionais das
principais atividades relacionadas à criação de
animais.
Os editores
A avicultura brasileira apresenta cada vez mais
importância no contexto do agronegócio. O Brasil
é o segundo maior exportador mundial de frangos
de corte, sendo o terceiro maior produtor deste
produto, superado apenas pelos Estados Unidos
e China.
Este sucesso tem forte relação com os
investimentos realizados em melhoria genética e
pesquisas relacionadas à nutrição animal,
ambiência e manejo sanitário, além do setor de
medicamentos face à competitividade do cenário
mundial (Costa, 2005).
Porém, a incorporação dessas tecnologias levou
a impactos negativos sobre o meio físico e
conseqüências sociais adversas (Picoli, 2004).
A seleção genética das linhagens de corte e
postura se intensificou e estima-se que os índices
produtivos tenham se elevado em mais de 85%
nos últimos 50 anos. Paralelamente a esse
crescimento, observou-se aumento na incidência
de doenças relacionadas à intensificação, tanto
em linhagens de corte quanto de postura. Alguns
exemplos incluem os problemas circulatórios e de
pernas em frangos de corte e, em poedeiras,
doenças metabólicas multifatoriais, como a
osteoporose e problemas de comportamento e
bem-estar animal, como o canibalismo (Madruga,
2006).
Com a intensificação da avicultura, houve
aumento considerável nos resíduos gerados na
produção, como camas de aviário, excretas e
aves mortas. Para diminuir os danos causados ao
meio ambiente, fazem-se necessárias medidas
que visem a utilização desses resíduos, como o
1
Médica Veterinária formada pela Faculdade de Medicina
Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/USP).
2
Professor de Nutrição Animal da Faculdade de Medicina
Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/USP).
Universidade de São Paulo
Coordenadoria do Campus de Pirassununga
Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Produção Animal - Laboratório de Análises Socioeconômicas e Ciência Animal
1
emprego em culturas, adubação dos solos e a
produção de biocombustíveis, o qual é apontado
como solução tecnológica ao problema da
disposição e uso dos mesmos de modo
sustentável. No entanto, sua larga adoção irá
depender de políticas públicas e fomentos na
execução e validação de pesquisas (Madruga,
2006).
convencional; b) ao ar livre (sistema caipira,
colonial, “free range”); e c) agroecológica
(sistemas orgânico, biológico, biodinâmico,
natural, sustentável, regenerativo) sendo que os
dois últimos vêm ganhando espaço, pelas
preocupações com o bem-estar animal e a
sustentabilidade do planeta como um todo
(Figueiredo, 2002).
Outro fator importante é a conversão alimentar,
pois se há duas décadas necessitava-se de 2,0
kg de ração para ganhar um quilograma de peso,
hoje se necessita de 1,7 kg. Esta significativa
redução de 300 g indica menor necessidade de
área para o cultivo de grãos, diminuindo os
impactos ambientais nos ecossistemas; menor
demanda energética para o processamento das
rações, diminuindo a pressão sobre a matriz
energética nacional e o custo de produção dos
alimentos e animais; bem como menor geração
de dejetos devido à maior eficiência no
aproveitamento dos alimentos pelos frangos,
diminuindo a quantidade de resíduos e serem
manejados e o seu poder poluente (Palhares,
2005).
As técnicas de manejo para criações nos
sistemas
alternativo,
caipira,
colonial,
agroecológico ou orgânico devem atender às
necessidades básicas dos animais, de forma a
permitir que estes tenham espaço para
movimentar-se, ar fresco, luz diurna natural,
proteção contra luz solar excessiva, temperaturas
extremas e o vento forte, área de repouso
suficiente, acesso fácil à água e ao alimento,
proporcionando, assim, um ambiente sadio. Os
materiais utilizados nas instalações não devem
ser provenientes de processos que utilizaram
produtos químicos nocivos à saúde humana ou a
saúde dos animais. Também não são permitidos
sistemas que mantenham animais que possuam
com
comportamento
gregário
de
forma
individualizada (Escosteguy, 1997).
A preocupação com os sistemas intensivos de
produção de ovos estimulou a busca por
alternativas, como a "produção orgânica"
associada
aos
sistemas
considerados
"extensivos". No entanto, indicadores de
sustentabilidade apontam favoravelmente para o
sistema de produção de ovos em sistemas
convencionais (gaiolas) devido à maior higiene
proporcionada por esse tipo de alojamento e
menor suscetibilidade a enfermidades que seriam
facilmente disseminadas em sistemas de criação
extensivos, onde ocorre o contato mais
heterogêneo entre as aves e a exposição
frequente às excretas (Boer, 2002).
Uma preocupação recente tem sido a de
introduzir conceitos relacionados ao bem-estar
animal em protocolos de boas práticas de
produção. Esse fato é um reflexo das discussões
que ocorrem nas cadeias de produção de
proteína animal. A definição de bem-estar animal
envolve ambas as considerações, éticas e
científicas, e ainda existem muitos pontos de vista
conflitantes sobre o assunto. A tendência nos
mercados para garantir e satisfazer as exigências
em bem-estar animal se insere dentro do conceito
da rastreabilidade e prioriza os princípios de boas
práticas de produção (Madruga, 2006).
No Brasil, os sistemas para criação de animais
domésticos são muito diversificados, podendo ser
divididos em três grupos distintos:
a)
Bibliografia
BOER, I.J.M.; CORNELISSEN, A.M.G. A method
using sustainability indicators to compare
conventional and animal-friendly egg production
systems. Poultry Science, v.82, n.2, p.173-181,
2002.
COSTA, M.V.; CASTRO Jr, W.L.; BOTELHO, F.B.
Custo de produção na avicultura alternativa do
Distrito Federal. Ribeirão Preto: XLIII Congresso
da
Sober,
2005.
13p.
Disponível em:
http://www.sober.org.br/palestra/2/986.pdf.
ESCOSTEGUY, A. Queridos animais. Porto
alegre: L&PM Editores, 1997. 202p.
FIGUEIREDO, E. Pecuária e agroecologia no
Brasil. Brasília: Cadernos de Ciência &
Tecnologia, 2002. p.235-265. Disponível em
http://atlas.sct.embrapa.br/pdf/cct/v19.
MADRUGA, L.R.R.G.; OLIVEIRA, L.; VIACAVA,
K. R.; OLIVEIRA, L.M.; LEAVY, S.; MARTINS,
P.C. Cooperativa e o senso do censo. Juiz de
Fora:
Milkpoint,
2003.
Disponível
em:
http://www.milkpoint.com.br.
PALHARES, J.C.P. Impacto ambiental causado
pela produção de frango de corte e
2
aproveitamento
racional
de
camas.
CONFERÊNCIA APINCO 2005 DE CIÊNCIA E
TECNOLOGIA
AVÍCOLAS.
2005.
Anais.
Campinas: Facta, 2005. p.43-60.
PICOLI, K.P. Avaliação de sistemas de produção
de frangos de corte no pasto. 2004, 74p. Tese
(Mestrado) – Centro de Ciências Agrárias,
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,
Florianópolis.
ARTIGOS PUBLICADOS
APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL
SIMULATION MODELS IN
ESTIMATING FEED EFFICIENCY OF
FINISHING STEERS
Data on individual daily feed intake, BW at 28-d
intervals, and carcass composition were obtained
on 1,212 crossbred steers. Within-animal
regressions of cumulative feed intake and BW on
linear and quadratic days on feed were used to
quantify initial and ending BW, average daily
observed feed intake (OFI), and ADG over a 120d finishing period. Feed intake was predicted (PFI)
with 3 biological simulation models (BSM): a)
Decision Evaluator for the Cattle Industry, b)
Cornell Value Discovery System, and c) NRC
update 2000, using observed growth and carcass
data as input. Residual feed intake (RFI) was
estimated using OFI (RFIEL) in a linear statistical
model (LSM), and feed conversion ratio (FCR)
was estimated as OFI/ADG (FCR E). Output from
the BSM was used to estimate RFI by using PFI in
place of OFI with the same LSM, and FCR was
estimated as PFI/ADG. These estimates were
evaluated against RFIEL and FCRE. In a second
analysis, estimates of RFI were obtained for the 3
BSM as the difference between OFI and PFI, and
these estimates were evaluated against RFIEL. The
residual variation was extremely small when PFI
was used in the LSM to estimate RFI, and this
was mainly due to the fact that the same input
variables (initial BW, days on feed, and ADG)
were used in the BSM and LSM. Hence, the use
of PFI obtained with BSM as a replacement for
OFI in a LSM to characterize individual animals for
RFI was not feasible. This conclusion was also
supported by weak correlations (<0.4) between
RFIEL and RFI obtained with PFI in the LSM, and
very weak correlations (<0.13) between RFIEL and
FCR obtained with PFI. In the second analysis,
correlations (>0.89) for RFIEL with the other RFI
estimates suggest little difference between RFIEL
and any of these RFI estimates. In addition,
results suggest that the RFI estimates calculated
with PFI would be better able to identify animals
with low OFI and small ADG as inefficient
compared with RFIEL. These results may be due to
the fact that computer models predict
performance on an individual-animal basis in
contrast to a LSM, which estimates a fixed
relationship for all animals; hence, the BSM may
provide RFI estimates that are closer to the true
biological efficiency of animals. In addition, BSM
may facilitate comparisons across different data
sets and provide more accurate estimates of
efficiency in small data sets where errors would be
greater with a LSM.
Williams, C.B. Application of biological simulation
models in estimating feed efficiency of finishing
steers. Journal of Animal Science, v.88, p.25232529, 2010.
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
ON THE REPRODUCTION AND WELFARE OF
RUMINANTS
Anthropogenic pollutants comprise a wide range
of synthetic organic compounds and heavy
metals, which are dispersed throughout the
environment, usually at low concentrations.
Exposure of ruminants, as for all other animals, is
unavoidable and while the levels of exposure to
most chemicals are usually too low to induce any
physiological effects, combinations of pollutants
can act additively or synergistically to perturb
multiple physiological systems at all ages but
particularly in the developing foetus. In sheep,
organs affected by pollutant exposure include the
ovary, testis, hypothalamus and pituitary gland
and bone. Reported effects of exposure include
changes in organ weight and gross structure,
histology and gene and protein expression but
these changes are not reflected in changes in
reproductive performance under the conditions
tested. These results illustrate the complexity of
the effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on
the reproductive axis, which make it difficult to
extrapolate between, or even within, species.
Effects of pollutant exposure on the thyroid gland,
immune, cardiovascular and obesogenic systems
have not been shown explicitly, in ruminants, but
work on other species suggests that these
systems can also be perturbed. It is concluded
that exposure to a mixture of anthropogenic
3
pollutants has significant effects on a wide variety
of
physiological
systems,
including
the
reproductive system. Although this physiological
insult has not yet been shown to lead to a
reduction in ruminant gross performance, there
are already reports indicating that anthropogenic
pollutant exposure can compromise several
physiological systems and may pose a significant
threat to both reproductive performance and
welfare in the longer term. At present, many
potential mechanisms of action for individual
chemicals have been identified but knowledge of
factors affecting the rate of tissue exposure and of
the effects of combinations of chemicals on
physiological systems is poor. Nevertheless, both
are vital for the identification of risks to animal
productivity and welfare.
Rhind, S.M.; Evans, N.P.; Bellingham, M.; Sharpe,
R.M.; Cotinot, C.; Mandon-Pepin, B.; Loup, B.;
Sinclair, K.D.; Lea, R.G.; Pocar, P.; Fischer, B.;
van der Zalm, E.; Hart, E.; Schmidt, J.S.;
Amezaga, M.R.; Fowler, P.A. Effects of
environmental pollutants on the reproduction and
welfare of ruminants. Animal, v. 4, Special Issue
07, p.1227-1239, 2010.
LINKS BETWEEN RUMINANTS’ FOOD
PREFERENCE AND THEIR WELFARE
Nutrition is an important aspect of welfare, and in
most recommendations for the welfare of animals
adequate nutrition is a primary requirement.
However, in intensive livestock production
systems the decision for adequate nutrition is
made based on traditional paradigms of feeding
monotonous rations or plant monocultures,
frequently with excesses or imbalances of
nutrients relative to the individuals’ physiology,
which can compromise welfare. Individual
ruminants can better meet their needs for
nutrients and regulate their intake of secondary
compounds when offered a variety of foods than
when constrained to a single food, even if the food
is nutritionally balanced. The concept of food
variety is central because monotonous flavors and
feeds and excess nutrients all cause animals to
satiate, which in turn causes animals to eat a
variety of foods. When offered a variety of foods,
satiety for single foods stimulates the selection of
a diverse diet and thus food intake, but when
restricted to a monotonous diet satiety is aversive
and limits food intake. Moreover, if a monotonous
diet is aversive to animals then this could be
stressful, even if monotony implies consuming a
balanced diet. A diverse diet may also increase
resistance to disease in ruminants, by allowing
consumption of small amounts of compounds with
antimicrobial/antiparasitic effects and immunityenhancing properties. Herbivores also experience
the benefits of ingesting compounds with
medicinal (i.e. antiparasitic) benefits and they
learn to prefer foods containing such compounds
as their preferences are associatively conditioned
by the food’s homeostatic utility to the body. Such
learned patterns of behavior begin in utero and
feeding experiences early in life cause changes –
neurological, morphological and physiological – in
animals, which influence on their subsequent
behavior and welfare. Such experiences with the
environment enable animals to adapt to local diets
and stressors and reduce the levels of fear.
Finally, feeding behavior in farm animals could be
an aid in the early detection and mitigation of pain
or sickness, and as such become an important
tool in the identification of welfare and health of
animals before the appearance of clinical signs.
Management strategies in ruminant production
systems could benefit by allowing animals to
manifest their feeding preferences, thereby
acknowledging the animals’ role as active players
in feeding systems, instead of regarding them as
passive entities that just respond to prescriptions
and formulations.
Villalba, J.J.; Provenza, F.D.; Manteca, X. Links
between ruminants’ food preference and their
welfare. Animal, v. 4, Special Issue 07, p 12401247, 2010.
SUSTAINABILITY OF RUMINANT
AGRICULTURE IN THE NEW CONTEXT:
FEEDING STRATEGIES AND FEATURES OF
ANIMAL ADAPTABILITY INTO THE
NECESSARY HOLISTIC APPROACH
There are numerous recent studies highlighting
sustainability problems for the development of
ruminant production systems (RPS) while facing
increasing human food necessities and global
climate change. Despite the complexity of the
context, in our view the main objectives of the
ruminants’ physiologist should be convergent for
both industrialized (IC) and developing countries
(DC) in a common and global strategy of
advancing knowledge. In DC, this means
improving the efficiency of RPS, taking into
account the unique possibility of using
rangelands. For IC settings, RPS should be
revisited in terms of autonomy and environmentfriendly feeding and managing practices.
Assuming that competition for feed/food use is still
4
a crucial criterion, future ruminant feeding
systems (FeSyst) should preferably focus on
lignocellulosic sources. According to biome
distributions, and the recent increases in volumes
of crop residues and their by-products, the
annually renewed volumes of these biomasses
are considerable. Therefore, we need to redesign
our strategies for their efficient utilization at the
local level. For this purpose, digestion processes
and rumen functioning need to be better
understood. The renewed vision of ruminal
digestion through the reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions is also a key aspect as it is an
environmental demand that cannot be ignored.
With regard to other ruminants’ physiological
functions, accumulated knowledge could be
mobilized into an integrative approach that puts
forward the adaptive capacities of animals to face
variability in quantity and quality of supplied feeds.
Basically, the reduction of inputs that were
traditionally used to ensure FeSyst will need more
flexible animals. In that sense, the concepts of
homeostasis and teleophorhesis need to be
updated and adapted to domestic species and
breeds that were until now largely excluded from
the dominant productive systems. In conclusion, a
more holistic approach of research targets is
required in which physiological functions and
farmers’ practices must converge and respond to
each particular situation in an integral, dynamic
and flexible conceptual perspective. From a
scientific point of view, both for ICs and DCs, a
broader range of experimental scenarios should
be explored in order to arrive at innovative
practices
and
solutions
that
respect
environmental, ethical and economical issues.
The clear challenge is to in evaluate the
sustainability of RPSs. This includes, in our
opinion, a strong interaction with other disciplines
(multi- and trans-disciplinary conception), thus
structuring new relevant indicators for the
evaluation sustainability.
Bocquier, F.; González-García, E. Sustainability of
ruminant agriculture in the new context: feeding
strategies and features of animal adaptability into
the necessary holistic approach. Animal, v.4,
Special Issue 07, p.1258-1273, 2010.
CHANGES OF PROXIMATE
COMPOSITION, ENERGY
STORAGE AND CONDITION OF
EUROPEAN HAKE (MERLUCCIUS
MERLUCCIUS, L. 1758) THROUGH
THE SPAWNING SEASON
European hake is one of the most important
economic resources for South European fleets;
however, not many studies on its reproductive
biology have been carried out. Gonadosomatic
and hepatosomatic indices and condition factor
were estimated. Proximate composition was
analyzed in gonad, liver and muscle as indicators
of female condition status; these results were
converted to energy values. Variations of these
parameters during the spawning season and
through the year were studied. The hake
population in Galician waters has a protracted
spawning season with peak spawning from
February to March. The proximate composition of
tissues changes considerably throughout the
spawning season although population spawning
asynchrony masks temporal patterns. This work
corroborates that energy dynamics associated
with egg production in European hake are
different from those observed in species from
temperate waters (5°–10 °C), depending more on
environmental conditions and food availability
during the spawning season than on body energy
reserves.
Domínguez-Petit, R.; Saborido-Rey, F.; Medina, I.
Changes of proximate composition, energy
storage and condition of European hake
(Merluccius merluccius, L. 1758) through the
spawning season. Fisheries Research, v.104,
I.1-3, p.73-82, 2010.
NEW BIOENERGETIC PERSPECTIVE OF
EUROPEAN HAKE (MERLUCCIUS
MERLUCCIUS L.) REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY
In spite of the economic and ecological
importance of hake and the depletion of the
European stocks, studies about these species,
especially about its reproductive potential, are
almost nonexistent. In the present work the
relationship between gonad development and
female's physiological condition and energy
reserves has been studied. Gonadosomatic index
(GSI) was significantly but not strongly related to
condition factor (K) and not significantly related to
hepatosomatic index (HSI), whereas gonad
energy content was positively related to liver and
muscle energy content. On the other hand, it was
observed that both, number of developing oocytes
(NDOs) and batch fecundity (BF), were
significantly related to length and gutted weight.
Besides, NDO was related to HSI and total fish
energy reserves, while BF was significantly
related to liver energy density. Multiple regression
5
models were constructed using maternal
attributes as variables. 27% of NDO and 57% of
BF variability was explained by these models.
Results suggest that European hake egg
production depends more on energy intake during
spawning season and growth capacity than on
energy reserves accumulated several months
before spawning season begins.
Domínguez-Petit, R.; Saborido-Rey, F. New
bioenergetic perspective of European hake
(Merluccius merluccius L.) reproductive ecology.
Fisheries Research, v. 104, I. 1-3, p. 83-88,
2010.
INFLUENCES ON THE DECISION
TO STUDY VETERINARY
MEDICINE: VARIATION WITH SEX
AND BACKGROUND
A questionnaire was developed to look at attitudes
to veterinary medicine as a career choice among
students at different stages of the veterinary
course at the Royal Veterinary College.
Traditional-entry first-year and final-year students,
as well as entry-level 'Gateway' (widening
participation) students, were invited to participate.
Wanting to work with animals and exposure to a
veterinary role model through taking a sick animal
to visit a veterinary surgeon appeared to be major
factors in choosing a veterinary career for all
undergraduates,
regardless
of
their
socioeconomic background. Overall, women were
more strongly influenced by owning animals
(P=0.014), and men were more positively
influenced by the challenging reputation of the
course (P=0.028). When the students were asked
to indicate their top three reasons for wanting to
become a vet, men were 9.5 times as likely as
women to select 'Want to train as a scientist', 5.3
times as likely to select 'Join a profession' and
13.2 times as likely to select 'Hardest course to
get in to'; the top choice for both sexes was 'Want
to work with animals'. Thirty-one per cent of the
students felt their careers adviser had been a
negative influence on their decision to become a
vet.
Tomlin, J.L.; Brodbelt, D.C.; May, S.A. Influences
on the decision to study veterinary medicine:
variation with sex and background. Veterinary
Record, v.166, p.744-748, 2010.
VIEWS ON EUTHANASIA AND THE
REHOMING OF DOGS IN NORWAY AND
ICELAND
According to several previously published studies,
large populations of dogs are sent to animal
shelters in the UK and USA each year, and
estimates indicate that a substantial percentage of
the dogs in such shelters are euthanased
annually. However, anecdotal evidence indicates
a different situation in Norway and Iceland. This
study explores the attitudes toward euthanasia of
dogs in Norway and Iceland, and investigates the
practice of rehoming of dogs in the two countries.
A general reluctance toward euthanasia of dogs
was expressed, and participants stressed the
need to consider alternatives such as rehoming.
Rehoming of dogs was found to be negligible in
Norway relative to international trends, and less
than 10 per cent of the dogs assigned for
rehoming were euthanased. In Iceland, the
rehoming of dogs is yet to reach levels that
necessitate the setting up of animal shelters.
There is, nevertheless, reason to continue to
explore the attitudes toward euthanasia and
rehoming of dogs in Norway and Iceland, because
there is a lack of statistical data on the reasons
behind the owners' decisions to give away or
euthanase their dogs.
Lund, H.S.; Eggertsson, S.; Grøndahl, A.M.;
Eggertsdóttir, A.V. Views on euthanasia and the
rehoming of dogs in Norway and Iceland.
Veterinary Record, v.166: p.749-752, 2010.
AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DA
APLICAÇÃO DE FERTILIZANTES
NITROGENADOS EM
PASTAGENS DESTINADAS A
VACAS EM LACTAÇÃO
O crescimento da renda e da população mundial
tem demandado um aumento de alimentos e de
insumos. Essas questões afetam diretamente a
pecuária leiteira explorada em pastagens
intensivas. Por meio deste estudo, buscou-se
avaliar economicamente a estratégia da
fertilização nitrogenada em pastagens destinadas
a atividade leiteira, em distintos cenários
econômicos e produtivos. Utilizou-se a margem
bruta como
indicador econômico.
Ficou
evidenciada a importância da eficiência da
utilização de insumos e de forragem. No cenário
atual de preços de fertilizante e de leite, a
fertilização com nitrogênio (N) foi viável
6
economicamente, principalmente em doses de,
aproximadamente, 200 kg de N/ha/ano, quando
houve fornecimento de concentrados e 400 kg de
N/ha/ano,
quando
não
ocorreu
essa
suplementação.
Neste
trabalho, a
uréia
apresentou melhor resultado econômico em
relação ao sulfato de amônio.
Reis, G.L.; Reis, R.P.; Ferreira, I.C.; Lana,
A.M.Q.; Aguiar, A.P.; Lana, R.M.Q. Avaliação
econômica
da aplicação
de
fertilizantes
nitrogenados em pastagens destinadas a vacas
em lactação. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 2010,
v.34, n.3, pp.730-738
VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DO USO DO
CALCÁRIO NA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE POMAR DE
GOIABEIRAS
Com o objetivo de estudar a relação entre doses
de calcário e produção de goiabas, um ensaio de
campo foi conduzido em solo Latossolo Vermelho
distrófico, no município de Bebedouro-SP, no
período de 1999 a 2006. O delineamento
experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados
com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. O
calcário foi aplicado uma única vez em 1999, nas
doses de: zero; 1,85; 3,71; 5,56 e 7,41 t ha -1. A
produção das goiabeiras aumentou em resposta à
aplicação do corretivo de acidez. As produções
acumuladas de frutos, nos anos sucessivos 2003,
2004, 2005 e 2006 estiveram associadas às
doses mais econômicas de calcário de 1,6; 4,4;
7,2 e 7,2 t ha-1, respectivamente.
Natale, W.; Rozane, D.E.; Prado, R.M.;
Romualdo, L.M.; Souza, H.A.; Hernandes, A.
Viabilidade econômica do uso do calcário na
implantação de pomar de goiabeiras . Ciência e
Agrotecnologia, 2010, v.34, n.3, pp.708-713.
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WHEAT STREAK
MOSAIC VIRUS IN THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS
Wheat streak mosaic virus, vectored by the wheat
curl mite Aceria tosichella Keifer, is a major
limiting factor in wheat production in the Texas
Panhandle. It is the most frequently encountered
virus in the region, affecting both shoot and root
biomass, and consequently it can drastically
reduce both forage and grain yield, and water-use
efficiency of the plant. In light of the continuing
decline of water levels in the Ogallala Aquifer, its
effect on water-use efficiency has significant
implications for irrigated fields, especially with
regard to energy costs for pumping water. This
article estimates the potential economic losses
from the virus infection. To achieve this objective,
partial budgeting techniques, based primarily on
data from field experiments, were used. Results
indicate that Wheat streak mosaic virus causes
grain and forage yield losses that significantly
affect profits from wheat production. In addition,
irrigated wheat producers are more negatively
affected by the disease due to the economic
losses from reduced water-use efficiency of
infected plants. The economic insights from this
article provide important implications for wheat
management and research priority-setting.
Velandia, M.; Rejesus, R.M.; Jones, D.C.; Price,
J.A.; Workneh, F.; Rush, C.M. Economic impact of
Wheat streak mosaic virus in the Texas High
Plains. Crop Protection, v.29, I.7, p. 699-703,
2010.
INTEGRATING LOCAL AND
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
This paper evaluates the processes and
mechanisms available for integrating different
types
of
knowledge
for
environmental
management. Following a review of the
challenges associated with knowledge integration,
we present a series of questions for identifying,
engaging, evaluating and applying different
knowledges during project design and delivery.
These questions are used as a basis to compare
three environmental management projects that
aimed to integrate knowledge from different
sources in the United Kingdom, Solomon Islands
and Australia. Comparative results indicate that
integrating different types of knowledge is
inherently complex – classification of knowledge is
arbitrary and knowledge integration perspectives
are qualitatively very different. We argue that
there is no single optimum approach for
integrating local and scientific knowledge and
encourage a shift in science from the
development of knowledge integration products to
the development of problem-focussed, knowledge
integration processes. These processes need to
be systematic, reflexive and cyclic so that multiple
views and multiple methods are considered in
relation to an environmental management
problem. The results have implications for the way
in which researchers and environmental
7
managers undertake and evaluate knowledge
integration projects.
Raymond, C.M.; Fazey, I.; Reed, M.S.; Stringer,
L.C.; Robinson, G.M.; Evely, A.C. Integrating local
and scientific knowledge for environmental
management,
Journal
of
Environmental
Management, v.91, I.8, p.1766-1777, 2010.
EMBEDDED VALUE SYSTEMS IN
SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND
THEIR IMPLICATIONS
This paper explores the implications that arise
with the selection of specific sustainability
evaluation tools. Sustainability evaluation tools
are conceptualized in this paper as value
articulating institutions and as such their choice is
a far from a trivial matter. In fact their choice can
entail various ethical and practical repercussions.
However, in most cases the choice of the
evaluation tool is made by the analyst(s) without
taking into consideration the values of the affected
stakeholders. By choosing the analytical tool the
analyst essentially “subscribes to” and ultimately
“enforces” a particular worldview as the legitimate
yardstick to evaluate the sustainability of a
particular project (or policy). Instead, this paper
argues that the selection of evaluation tools
should be consistent with the values of the
affected stakeholders. With this in mind, different
sustainability evaluation tools’ assumptions are
critically reviewed and a number of suggestions
that could facilitate the choice of the most
appropriate tool according to the context of the
sustainability evaluation are provided. It is
expected that conscious evaluation tool selection,
following the suggestions made in this paper, will
reduce the risk of providing distorted sustainability
evaluations.
Gasparatos. A. Embedded value systems in
sustainability assessment tools and their
implications.
Journal
of
Environmental
Management, v.91, I.8, p.1613-1810, 2010.
AGRICULTURAL SURROUNDINGS SUPPORT
FLOWER–VISITOR NETWORKS IN AN
AFROTROPICAL RAIN FOREST
Local habitat structure and resource availability
appear to be of great importance for the diversity,
abundance, and community structure of bees. We
examined the contribution of three different habitat
types (farmland, forest edge, forest understory) to
bee diversity in a tropical forest-agriculture mosaic
in Western Kenya and analysed differences and
overlap in plant-bee community interactions
between nearby habitats. We used network
properties (network size and specialization
indices) and bee species turnover to examine
temporal and spatial variation of flower–visitation
interaction networks in general and in bee species
composition in detail across habitats. In total we
found 121 bee and 89 plant species involved in
the interactions. Results suggest that bees were
limited by floral resources because the largest
networks,
highest
diversity,
and
largest
abundances were found at the forest edge and in
the farmland which hosted higher amounts of
flowers and a more homogeneous distribution of
resources in space and time. Forest in the study
area is characterized by (1) lower flower density
and (2) more humid conditions relative to the
farmland. We therefore suggest that the speciesrich and structurally diverse farmland acts as a
“pollinator
rescue”
which
supports
bee
communities in the natural forest. We advise
conservation managers and politicians to
conserve the structural richness of the farmland to
(1) preserve bee diversity within the farmland and
(2) conserve positive effects of the farmland on
bee activity in the forest remnant.
Hagen, M.; Kraemer, M. Agricultural surroundings
support flower–visitor networks in an Afrotropical
rain forest. Biological Conservation, v.143, I.7,
p.1654-1663 2010.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN
CHINA: STATUS, PROBLEMS AND
CHALLENGES
This paper presents an examination of MSW
generation and composition in China, providing an
overview of the current state of MSW
management, an analysis of existing problems in
MSW collection, separation, recycling and
disposal, and some suggestions for improving
MSW systems in the future. In China, along with
urbanization,
population
growth
and
industrialization, the quantity of municipal solid
waste (MSW) generation has been increasing
rapidly. The total MSW amount increased from
31.3 million tonnes in 1980 to 212 million tonnes
in 2006, and the waste generation rate increased
from
0.50 kg/capita/day
in
1980
to
0.98 kg/capita/year in 2006. Currently, waste
composition in China is dominated by a high
8
organic and moisture content, since the
concentration of kitchen waste in urban solid
waste makes up the highest proportion (at
approximately 60%) of the waste stream. The total
amount of MSW collected and transported was
148 million tonnes in 2006, of which 91.4% was
landfilled, 6.4% was incinerated and 2.2% was
composted. The overall MSW treatment rate in
China was approximately 62% in 2007. In 2007,
there were 460 facilities, including 366 landfill
sites, 17 composing plants, and 66 incineration
plants. This paper also considers the challenges
faced and opportunities for MSW management in
China, and a number of recommendations are
made aimed at improving the MSW management
system.
Zhang, D.Q.; Tan, S.K.; Gersberg, R.M. Municipal
solid waste management in China: Status,
problems
and
challenges.
Journal
of
Environmental Management, v.91, I.8, p.16231633, 2010.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE DRIVING
MECHANISM OF PROACTIVE CORPORATE
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN CHINA
Environmentalism
in
China
is
under
transformation from the traditional command and
control model to emphasize the advantages of
economic tools and encourage the participation of
the public. Firms are much more aware of the
importance of environmental issues, and some of
them have practiced environmental activities
beyond compliance. In order to help understand
the driving mechanism of proactive corporate
environmental behaviors from the firm’s
perspective, this paper identifies the drivers
affecting
the
proactive
environmental
management level (EMLp) based on the
institutional theory, and gives an empirical study
on the firms based in Changshu city of Jiangsu
Province, China. The usable data, collected from
the 117 valid respondents in a questionnaire
survey, indicates that EMLp is still moderately low
currently. Less than 10% of the samples are
practicing all the six categorized types of voluntary
environmental
activities.
The
econometric
exercise confirms a significantly positive effect of
the externally mimetic pressure on EMLp, which
may attribute to a higher sensitivity of Chinese
companies to the market factors. However, the
roles of the general public and industrial
associations are not significant, showing the
marginal power of selected normative pressures.
Regarding internal factors, firms, which view
environmental issues as opportunities and often
arrange internal environmental training, are more
likely to adopt proactive environmental activities.
More concerns from the general public like
neighborhood communities and mass media shall
be addressed to enhance the normative power to
improve EMLp in China from the future
perspective.
Liu, X.; Liu, B.; Shishime, T.; Yu, Q.; Bi, J.;
Fujitsuka, T. An empirical study on the driving
mechanism of proactive corporate environmental
management
in
China.
Journal
of
Environmental Management, v.91, I.8, p.17071717. 2010.
CLIPPING
Perda de gene explica evolução de
barbatana de peixe em membro de
animal: Cientistas descobriram dois
genes importantes no processo
evolutivo que transformou barbatanas
de peixes em membros (braços e pernas) de
animais.
Marie-Andree
Akimenko,
da
Universidade de Ottawa, no Canadá, e sua
equipe estudaram o desenvolvimento de
embriões de paulistinha (Danio rerio). Eles
descobriram dois genes que codificavam
proteínas importantes na estrutura de barbatanas.
Essas proteínas são componentes de uma fibra
chamada
“actinotrichia”.
As
fibras
são
encontradas em alevinos e tornam-se, no
decorrer do desenvolvimento, raios de barbatanas
de peixes adultos. “Descobrimos que não havia
genes equivalentes em animais com membros, o
que sugere que esses genes podem ter sido
perdidos durante a evolução”, explicou Akimenko
à “BBC News”. Para confirmar o achado, eles
procuraram e encontraram a mesma família de
genes nos genomas de tubarões-elefante, uma
espécie muito antiga de peixe. Os cientistas
sugerem, em estudo publicado na revista
“Nature”, que a família antiga de genes persistiu
em peixes ósseos e foi perdida quando eles
evoluíram para animais de quatro patas
(Folha.com/Ambiente Brasil).
Brasil quer maior proteção para os golfinhos:
Brasileiros e belgas encaminharam à CIB uma
proposta que poderia resolver um dos buracos da
9
atuação da comissão: os pequenos cetáceos,
como golfinhos e botos. Embora sob pressão de
caça no mundo todo, eles não são são protegidos
pela CIB. Essa falha ficou famosa ao ser exposta
no documentário “The Cove”, que ganhou o
Oscar. Ele mostra como funciona a matança e a
captura de golfinhos no Japão, e teve sua
exibição vetada no país. “Até há um grupo de
pequenos cetáceos na comissão científica da
CIB, mas as discussões nele ainda não se
revertem em decisões da CIB”, explica Fábia de
Oliveira Luna, analista ambiental do Instituto
Chico Mendes. No Brasil, problemas envolvendo
os animais não faltam. Na região Sul, as
chamadas toninhas frequentemente são mortas
acidentalmente ao ficarem presas nas redes de
pescadores. Em todo o litoral, o boto-cinza ou
tucuxi é capturado para virar isca de tubarão,
enquanto, na Amazônia, o boto-vermelho é
retalhado
para
atrair
um
bagre
Baleias-jubarte formam laços de amizade
duradouros:
Fêmeas
de
baleia-jubarte
reencontram-se todos os anos para comer e
nadar juntas no golfo de São Lourenço, na costa
do Canadá. A observação indica que baleiasjubarte formam laços de amizade que podem
durar anos. Baleias com dentes, como as baleias
cachalote, associam-se umas com as outras, mas
acreditava-se que baleias maiores, que filtram
sua comida, como as jubarte, eram menos
sociáveis. (...) Os pesquisadores usaram técnicas
de identificação fotográfica para localizar cada
indivíduo todos os anos. Com isso, conseguiram
descobrir que as mesmas baleias reúnem-se ano
após ano. (...) O estudo foi publicado na revista
“Behavioral
Ecology
and
Sociobiology”
Baleias rendem bilhões de dólares vivas: Para
os países que não as caçam, as baleias que
chegam ao seu litoral têm um valor que não se
mede em toneladas de carne, mas em milhões de
turistas e bilhões de dólares. No ano passado,
mais de 13 milhões de amantes da natureza
observaram baleias em 119 países, gerando dois
bilhões de dólares, informou na quinta-feira (24) o
ministro australiano da Ecologia, Peter Garret,
ante a Comissão Baleeira Internacional (CBI)
reunida em Agadir (sudoeste do Marrocos) até
esta sexta-feira (25). Este organismo fundado em
1946 para regular a caça às baleias é também o
único que administra as populações destes
grandes cetáceos (Yahoo!/Ambiente Brasil).
Poluição sonora ameaça peixes, diz pesquisa:
Peixes estão sendo ameaçados por crescentes
níveis de poluição sonora, segundo um estudo
realizado por cientistas europeus. A pesquisa,
publicada na revista “Trends in Ecology and
Evolution”, estudou o impacto que o barulho
criado por plataformas de gás e petróleo, navios,
barcos e sonares têm em espécies de peixes nos
oceanos do mundo. Segundo eles, a maioria dos
peixes tem boa audição e os sons são parte ativa
de suas vidas. O aumento nos níveis de ruídos
afeta a distribuição dos peixes nos mares e suas
capacidades de reprodução, de comunicação se
de evitar predadores. “As pessoas sempre
assumiram que o mundo dos peixes era
silencioso”, disse o biólogo Hans Slabbekoorn, da
Universidade de Leiden, na Holanda. O estudo
dimensiona a capacidade de audição dos peixes
e concluiu que os ruídos gerados por seres
humanos embaixo d’água têm o potencial de
afetar os animais assim como o barulho do
trânsito afeta animais terrestres como aves
Down on the shrimp farm: Sludge dumping,
along with other environmentally harmful
practices, gave shrimp farming a bad reputation.
But in the past 15 years, many shrimp farmers
have been cleaning up their act. Although
motivated more by economics than environmental
concerns, they have made substantial strides in
many places to reduce their toll on the marine
world, both locally and globally. Researchers
around the world are refining a system called
biofloc technology that relies on cultivating
microbes to recycle nutrients and reduce waste.
Academics and companies are also striving to
improve processed shrimp feed and replace the
fish meal it contains with other protein sources, a
change that could help prevent further depletion of
fish species at the base of oceanic food webs.
Ultimately, by making shrimp aquaculture more
productive—through breeding programs and
perhaps
high-tech
inland
farms—some
researchers hope they can grow cheaper, more
plentiful shrimp while sparing marine habitats
altogether (Science Magazine).
Canada invests in aquaculture: $4.7 million in
funding will be made available this year for the
Canadian aquaculture industry to help create jobs
and stimulate growth in rural communities,
announced the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans,
Gail Shea. When our government invests in
aquaculture, we are investing in a brighter future
and stronger economy for Canada’s rural and
coastal communities,” said Minister Shea. “Our
10
government is supporting Canada’s aquaculture
industries growth to create and protect jobs and
support the livelihoods of coastal Canadians” (The
Fish Site).
Chile - Sustainable fisheries to benefit future
generations: Sociedad Nacional de Pesca has
entered its Chilean Hake (Merluccius gayi gayi)
trawl fishery into the independent, third-party
assessment under the Marine Stewardship
Council’s (MSC) certification programme. The
assessment will evaluate the fishery against the
Marine Stewardship Council principles and criteria
for sustainable fishing and, if successful, products
sold through Sociedad Nacional de Pesca will be
eligible to bear the MSC ecolabel recognising
products from well-managed and sustainable
sources. The fishery under assessment is Chilean
Hake (Merluccius gayi gayi), using demersal trawl
gear in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Chile
(EEZ), FAO area 87, management areas IV to X.
Demersal trawling is generally defined as towing
the trawl just above the benthic zone (The Fish
Site).
Como humanos, pintinhos também
contam da esquerda para a direita:
Como humanos, pintinhos também
contam da esquerda para a direita,
segundo pesquisa publicada na revista
“Biology Letters”. Rosa Rugani, da Universidade
de Trento, na Itália, e sua equipe treinaram pintos
para encontrar comida no quarto ou no sexto
entre 16 distribuidores de comida. No começo do
experimento, os distribuidores que possuíam
comida eram pretos e os vazios eram brancos.
No decurso do experimento, os distribuidores com
comida passaram a ficar brancos, o que obrigava
os pintos a “contar” para obter comida. Durante a
fase de treinamento, os distribuidores de comida
foram colocados em fileira, distanciando-se do
pintinho. Depois, a fileira foi virada em 90 graus
de forma que os pintos agora viam todos os 16
distribuidores de uma vez só. Eles tinham,
portanto, a chance de contar da esquerda para
direita ou vice-versa. A equipe notou que os
pássaros sempre escolhiam o quarto e sexto
distribuidor de comida a partir da esquerda,
sugerindo que eles contavam a partir da
esquerda. O mesmo comportamento foi
observado em aves adultas (o quebra-nozes de
Clark), e é válido também para a maioria das
culturas humanas. Mesmo em línguas como o
farsi – escrito e lido da direita para a esquerda -,
os numerais são organizados da esquerda para a
direita (Folha.com/Ambiente Brasil).
Carcass
cleansing
solution
removes
pathogens: Using a cleansing solution to wash
eviscerated chicken carcasses was effective in
removing bacteria that cause human foodborne
diseases, according to a study by Agricultural
Research Service (ARS) scientists. The findings
provide data that may be useful to poultry
producers in designing practical, non-chlorinebased sanitizers. The cleanser, which is
composed of lauric acid and potassium hydroxide,
could be used to sanitise chicken carcasses
during processing prior to chilling. Since other
countries do not use chlorine rinses, ARS is
looking at alternatives for them and is evaluating
the most effective rinses against food-borne
pathogens in poultry (The Poultry Site).
EUA anunciam que carne do JBS
ainda
apresenta
problemas:
Autoridades sanitárias dos Estados
Unidos detectaram um novo problema
em um lote de carne processada
produzida pela unidade industrial do grupo JBS
em Lins/SP. A comunicação oficial da nova
inconformidade deve ser feita em alguns dias ao
governo brasileiro, mas a JBS já ampliou a
varredura em seu processo produtivo para
identificar onde exatamente está o problema
(BeefPoint).
Credores
aprovam
novo
Plano
do
Independência: A sétima Assembléia Geral de
Credores do frigoríficos Independência, foi
tranqüila e aprovada pela maioria dos credores
presentes. "O novo Plano de Recuperação
Judicial não muda em nada a vida do pecuarista,
pois, conforme prometeram (frigorífico), foi feito
um enxugamento no texto da proposta, retirando
compromissos que já tinham sido cumpridos",
explica o assessor jurídico da Associação dos
Criadores de Mato Grosso (Acrimat), Armando
Biancardini Candia (BeefPoint).
RIISPOA: mudanças beneficiam agricultores
familiares: O presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
assinou durante o lançamento do Plano Safra da
Agricultura Familiar 2010/2011, na última quintafeira (17), o decreto que altera artigos da
Inspeção Industrial e Sanitária de Produtos de
Origem Animal (RIISPOA). A medida vai permitir
a equivalência entre os serviços de inspeção
federal, estadual e municipal, além de ampliar as
possibilidades de comercialização dos produtos
da Agricultura Familiar em todas as unidades da
federação. "Agora quem produzir o seu salame
vai poder vender em qualquer lugar do Brasil",
disse o presidente (BeefPoint).
11
Japão chega a 200º caso de aftosa: O surto
sem precedentes de febre aftosa no Japão
chegou a seu 200º caso nessa semana (em 24 de
maio), todos confinados na Província de Miyazaki
(localizada na região de Kyushu, sul do Japão)
(BeefPoint).
USDA touts tighter meat industry antitrust
rules: The Obama administration on Friday
proposed new antitrust rules for meat companies
that reflect a willingness by the USDA to shift the
balance of power between farmers and
processors and to regulate an industry longdominated by a handful of corporate giants. The
rules would place the sharpest limits on meat
companies since the Great Depression, drastically
lowering the bar that farmers and ranchers must
meet to sue companies whom they accuse of
demanding unfairly low prices. The rules would
dictate how meatpackers buy cattle on the open
market, and prohibit them from showing
preference to big feedlots rather than buying from
small producers (Cattle Network).
Why does the U.S. both import & export beef?
The job of markets is to seek out the highest value
for products produced and encourage the most
efficient use of resources to facilitate that
production. Keeping this in mind helps explain
current production and trade relationships in the
U.S. beef industry. The U.S. is the largest
producer, the largest consumer, the third largest
exporter and the largest importer of beef in the
world. I get many questions about U.S. beef trade
and particularly why we need to import beef. The
role of beef exports is obvious, on the one hand,
in that it represents an addition to domestic beef
demand and thus expands the total size of the
market for U.S. beef. However, beef exports play
a more subtle role that is often not well
understood. One of many complexities that make
the beef industry so challenging is the fact that the
set of animals processed into meat results a vast
array of different products of different qualities.
The set of products produced does not, in
general, exactly match the preferences of
domestic consumers. U.S. beef demand largely
consists of demand for ground beef and steaks.
Ground beef can, of course, be made from a wide
variety of qualities of lean but steak demand is
mostly oriented towards high-quality middle meat
cuts (Derrell S. Peel, Oklahoma State University
Extension Livestock Marketing Specialist/Cattle
Network).
Cattle eyes could detect mad cow: According to
new research, the eyes of cattle may be the
answer to developing a test to detect bovine
spongiform encephalopathy, also known as mad
cow disease. Scientists showed that retinas of
sheep infected with scrapie, a disease similar to
Mad Cow, emit a glow when examined with a
beam of light from a special instrument, reports
the Science Daily. Study authors suggest eye
tests could be a fast way to diagnose Mad Cow
disease or other neurological diseases before an
animal enters the food chain. This study appears
in ACS’ semi-monthly journal Analytical Chemistry
(Dairy Herd).
Disposition
drives
feed
lot,
carcass
performance: Gary Fike, beef cattle specialist for
the Certified Angus Beef brand, said cattle that
were considered docile graded Premium Choice
and Prime at more than double the rate of their
nervous to very aggressive contemporaries.
Docility in the feedlot pays off with better
performance, improved carcass merit and
reduced morbidity and treatment costs, Fike says.
Data were collected on nearly 50,000 cattle from
18 Iowa feedlots, all consigned to the Tri-County
Steer Carcass Futurity over a span of eight years
(2002-2009).
Using
the
six-point
Beef
Improvement Federation disposition scoring
system, calves in the Futurity were scored three to
four times during the feeding period. Based on
their average scores, they were grouped into
three categories: docile (DC), restless (R) and
nervous to very aggressive (NVA) (Farm & Ranch
Guide).
Scientists say nutrient management in cattle
may benefit the environment: A project
conducted by a team of researchers in Penn
State’s College of Agricultural Sciences is
investigating whether feeding cattle low-protein
diets might result in the animals more efficiently
utilizing nitrogen in their diet and reduce ammonia
emissions from dairy operations.(…) Nitrogen
contamination of ground and surface water and air
pollution caused by leaching, runoff and gaseous
nitrogen
emissions
from
animal-feeding
operations are the most important environmental
concerns related to animal agriculture, which is
known to be the leading polluter of the bay. “The
environmental management of these two
watersheds is imperative for restoring the
ecological health of the bay,” said Alexander
Hristov, associate professor of dairy nutrition and
lead investigator for the project. “As animal farms
are the biggest nonpoint sources of nitrogen
discharges to the Chesapeake Bay, reducing
12
nitrogen losses from animal-feeding operations in
the bay area, including Pennsylvania, is essential
for improving the environmental health of the
ecosystem” (Farm and Dairy).
Brazilian beef exports grow: Sales of Brazilian
beef totalled US$ 447 million, whilst shipments
totalled 175,000 tonnes, a growth of 11 per cent
since May 2009. In the year, exports totaled
almost US$ 2 billion. Brazilian exports of beef
totalled US$ 447 million in May 2010, a growth of
38 per cent compared to May 2009. Shipments
totalled 175,000 tonnes against 158,000 in May
2009, reports The Brazil-Arab News Agency.
Russia was the main buyer of raw beef, with
imports of 37,000 tonnes in May and revenues of
US$ 92 million. In second place came Iran, with
revenues of US$ 69 million and 26,000 tonnes.
The United Kingdom was the main market for
industrialized beef in the month, with US$ 12
million in revenues and 10,000 tonnes in volume
(The Beef Site).
Marfrig acquires Keystone Foods: Brazilian
meat processor, Marfrig Food S.A. has taken over
the US processor Keystone Foods, a company
global presence in the area of development,
production, marketing and distribution of meat,
chicken, fish, pork and beef products. Keystone,
which specialises in food service products, will
help to make Marfrig a prominent supplier to the
international chains of McDonald's, Campbell's,
Subway, ConAgra, Yum Brands and Chipotle
(The Meat Site).
Marfrig becomes McDonald's main chicken
supplier: Brazilian company Marfrig Alimentos
SA, Latin America's second-largest beef producer,
agreed to buy meat processor US based
Keystone Foods LLC for US$ 1.26 billion to
become a supplier to restaurant chains such as
McDonald's Corp. Marfrig, based in São Paulo,
Brazil will sell 2.5 billion reais (US$ 1.4 billion) of
five-year bonds convertible into stock to finance
the acquisition of Keystone from private equity
firm Lindsay Goldberg LLC, according to a
regulatory filing published this week (The Meat
Site).
Uruguai: estimativa prevê queda no
rebanho ovino: A safra de lã do
Uruguai deverá ser inferior em volume
comparada ao ano passado e quanto
ao rebanho ovino, estima-se queda de
7%. "Estamos vendo uma safra que, em volume,
será menor do que o ano passado. Esperamos
um novo decréscimo no número de ovinos para o
fim do mês e cremos que serão totalizadas 8
milhões de cabeças e uma safra com
aproximadamente 35 milhões de quilos", disse o
gerente geral do Secretariado Uruguayo de la
Lana (SUL), Gabriel Capurro (FarmPoint).
SP: Câmara Setorial discute preço do
cordeiro: O FarmPoint participou da Reunião da
Câmara Setorial de Caprinos e Ovinos da
Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do
Estado de São Paulo - SAA/SP realizada na
última quinta-feira (17) durante a XVI Feira
Internacional da Cadeia Produtiva da Carne Feicorte. A reunião teve duas pautas principais de
discussão: formação do preço do cordeiro
(CONAB) e formação do Comitê Estadual de
Sanidade Animal
(FarmPoint).
Conab publica nova metodologia de custos de
produção: Está disponível no site da Conab a
publicação "Custos de Produção Agrícola: A
metodologia da Conab". O trabalho apresenta a
nova metodologia a ser aplicada na elaboração
de custos relacionados às culturas temporárias,
semiperenes e permanentes, podendo ser
utilizada na elaboração dos custos das atividades
ligadas à avicultura, suinocultura, caprinocultura,
atividade
leiteira,
extrativismo
e
sóciobiodiversidade. O trabalho apresenta o novo
método
utilizado
pela
Companhia
no
levantamento do custo de produção. Isso permite
uma administração mais eficiente e eficaz das
atividades agrícolas. As informações auxiliam na
tomada de decisões políticas, administrativas,
econômicas, financeiras e operacionais, no
mercado. O objetivo do trabalho, realizado em
dois anos, foi a busca de consenso a respeito da
proposta de revisão metodológica (FarmPoint).
China se torna maior mercado
lácteo da Nova Zelândia: A forte
demanda na China por leite em pó,
após o escândalo de contaminação
do leite em 2008, criou um boom para
a Nova Zelândia, maior exportador mundial de
lácteos. A Nova Zelândia vendeu produtos lácteos
para 151 países no ano passado, mas a China foi
o maior cliente, pagando US$ 930,95 milhões,
informou o Ministério da Agricultura e Silvicultura
neozelandês. Foi o primeiro ano que a China
encabeçou a lista de compradores de lácteos
neozelandês (MilkPoint).
Low-protein dairy diets aim to help
environment: A project conducted by a team of
researchers in Penn State's College of Agricultural
13
Sciences is investigating whether feeding cattle
low-protein diets might result in the animals more
efficiently utilizing nitrogen in their diet and reduce
ammonia emissions from dairy operations. (…)
Nitrogen contamination of ground and surface
water and air pollution caused by leaching, runoff
and gaseous nitrogen emissions from animalfeeding operations are the most important
environmental concerns related to animal
agriculture, which is known to be the leading
polluter of the bay. "The environmental
management of these two watersheds is
imperative for restoring the ecological health of
the bay," says Alexander Hristov, associate
professor of dairy nutrition and lead investigator
for the project. "As animal farms are the biggest
nonpoint sources of nitrogen discharges to the
Chesapeake Bay, reducing nitrogen losses from
animal-feeding operations in the bay area,
including Pennsylvania, is essential for improving
the environmental health of the ecosystem" (Penn
State University/Dairy Herd).
Selection and breeding using polymorphism
of milk proteins: Polymorphism of milk proteins
in big ruminants causes significant research
interest, mainly directed to their evolution,
population
investigations,
breeding
and
hybridisation. Last year, the Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences examined the genetic variants of milk
proteins influence on quantitative and qualitative
milk traits and their technological properties. The
specific proteins in cow milk include four caseins –
αs1-, αs2-, β- and κ-casein and two whey proteins
– α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin and each of
them is presented with at least two genetic
variants (The Dairy Site).
Dairy products as functional foods and
nutraceuticals: Researchers with the University
of Manitoba hope to shed new light on the
potential uses of dairy products as functional
foods and nutraceuticals, writes Bruce Cochrane.
University news is a Wonderworks Canada
Production courtesy of the Faculty of Agriculture
and Food Sciences at the University of Manitoba.
The first student is working on a project in
conjunction with the Richardson Centre for
Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals looking at
bioactive peptides from whey proteins and their
potential role in treating metabolic syndrome and
the second student is looking at the survival of
probiotics in cheese and the impact these
probiotics may have on the flavor and texture of
the cheese (The Dairy Site).
Minisuínos viram animais de
estimação: Um minipig não sai por
menos de R$ 850 mas em casa ele
não dá muito despesa. Eles usam
coleira e se alimentam à base de
milho e folhas. Pouca gente classificaria o
animalzinho como fofinho, mas isso até conhecer
um tipo de suíno: o minipig. Gabriel e Vanessa
acabaram de comprar um simpático casal: a
Pururuca e o Torresmo. “Quando a gente chegou
com o bochinho, despertou curiosidade. A gente
tem sobrinhos e sobrinhas . Quando eles viram,
alucinaram. É um bicho que não está ao alcance
de toda criança”, comenta a gerente operacional
Vanessa Olivieri. Torresmo e Pururuca vieram de
um criadouro em Uberlândia, em Minas Gerais.
Há 15 anos, os donos começaram a cruzar
suínos pequenos até chegar aos minis. “São
animais muito resistentes. É fácil de tratar e de
cuidar. Eles fazem as necessidades todas em um
local só. Hoje tem suíno que é adestrado em três
dias. Eles já estão andando na coleira e
acompanhando as pessoas”, destaca o criador
Dário Fagundes. Outro sítio, em Campina do
Monte Alegre, interior de São Paulo, também cria
minisuínos – só que para pesquisas científicas,
como
as
que
testam
medicamentos
(Globo.com/Pork World).
Pigs may provide breast cancer answers:
University of Illinois researchers believe the pig
may hold answers for scientists studying breast
cancer, a disease that kills 500,000 women
worldwide each year. While extraordinary
advances in the understanding of cancer's
molecular basis have occurred in the past 10
years, current models for drug testing are not
keeping pace. "The failure of current animal
models to predict the human response is a critical
bottleneck and is likely to become the limiting
factor in the development of effective new cancer
therapies," says Laurie Rund, U of I research
professor in animal science. "To take advantage
of the advances in novel therapeutic design, we
need to find a more physiological and predictive
animal model for cancer" (The Land).
Absolute honesty needed in the labelling of
pork products: A call for more honesty in the
marketing of pork and bacon, to safeguard the onfarm progress made in pig welfare, has been
made by Nigel Woolfenden, the new president of
the UK’s Pig Veterinary Society. Mr Woolfenden,
a partner in the Bishopton Veterinary Group,
Ripon, North Yorkshire, takes over from Wiltshire
vet, Peter Bown. New vice-president is Mike
Wijnberg of Tulip Ltd, Stradbroke, Suffolk.
14
“Transparency in the methods of farming should
be obvious to all purchasers of pork products and
requires honest labelling. Lack of transparency
will undermine the impetus for further
improvements in pig welfare. The labelling of
some products such as ‘Cumberland’ sausage
and ‘Melton Mowbray’ pork pies when they
contain imported pork has been misleading,” he
said (Smallholder.co.uk).
FDA: guidance on use of antimicrobials in
pigs, poultry: The US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) has issued draft guidance
intended to help reduce the development of
resistance to medically important antimicrobial
drugs used in food-producing animals. The draft
guidance outlines the FDA’s current thinking on
strategies to assure that antimicrobial drugs that
are important for therapeutic use in humans are
used judiciously in animal agriculture. The FDA
acknowledges the efforts to date by various
veterinary and animal producer organisations to
institute guidelines for the judicious use of
antimicrobial drugs, but the agency believes
additional steps are needed. The agency invites
comments on the draft guidance, available online
and titled The Judicious Use of Medically
Important Antimicrobial Drugs in Food-Producing
Animals (Pig Progress).
Policy on swine castration, tail docking, teeth
clipping: The American Veterinary Medical
Association's (AVMA) Executive Board recently
approved proposals to replace the AVMA policy
on swine castration, tail docking, and teeth
clipping with two new policies. Castration of swine
can help control aggressive behaviour and
improve the palatability of pork. Current US swine
markets do not allow for mass marketing of
uncastrated male pigs. Castration is a painful
surgical procedure and should be performed as
early as possible, preferably by 14 days of age.
Surgical wounds should be healed prior to
weaning. After 14 days of age, swine should be
castrated using analgesia and/ or anaesthesia.
The AVMA recommends the use of procedures
and practices that reduce or eliminate pain,
including
the
use
of
approved
or
Amducapermissible
clinically
effective
medications whenever possible. The AVMA
encourages development and implementation of
practical analgesic and anesthetic protocols for,
and alternatives to, swine castration (Pig
Progress).
Wageningen University in the Netherlands are
asking farmers to join a brainstorm about the
possibilities to create a computer game for pigs.
The researchers think that a computer game
could be a tool to increase the welfare among the
animals. Creator of the idea -Clemens Driessen –
addresses that the project is still in a very early
stage. A pig tool is part of the project – the PhD
project of Driessen. A computer game could
prevent boredom in pigs, but Driessen cannot tell
yet how a pig should operate such a computer
game (Pig Progress).
USDA: Increase fairness in marketing of pigs,
cattle, poultry: US agriculture secretary Tom
Vilsack announced that on June 22, this year's
USDA’s
Grain
Inspection,
Packers
and
Stockyards Administration (GIPSA) will publish a
proposed rule, that would provide significant new
protections for producers against unfair,
fraudulent or retaliatory practices. "Concerns
about a lack of fairness and commonsense
treatment for livestock and poultry producers have
gone unaddressed far too long," said Vilsack.
“This proposed rule will help ensure a level
playing field for producers by providing additional
protections
against
unfair
practices and
addressing new market conditions not covered by
existing rules.” The proposed rules address
concerns that have been discussed for many
years and were developed at the direction of the
2008 farm bill, which requires USDA to carry out
specific rulemaking to improve fairness in the
marketing of livestock and poultry (Pig Progress).
Cientistas responsabilizam celular
por desaparecimento de abelhas,
diz site: O desaparecimento de
abelhas que alarmou a Europa e a
América do Norte está sendo
creditado, por alguns cientistas, ao crescimento
do uso dos celulares, segundo o site do jornal
britânico “Daily Telegraph”. De acordo com o site,
a Grã Bretanha teve uma queda de 15% na sua
população de abelhas nos últimos dois anos.
Pesquisadores da Universidade Punjab dizem
que a radiação dos telefones celulares é um fator
chave no desaparecimento e alegam que isso
está envolvendo nos sentidos de navegação das
abelhas. Segundo o “Daily Telegraph”, os
cientistas fizeram um experimento durante três
meses e compararam a situação das abelhas que
estavam coexistindo com os celulares com as que
não estavam (Folha.com/Ambiente Brasil).
Wageningen
University
to
investigate
computer game for pigs: Researchers from
15
Cientistas
americanos
criam
pulmão de rato em laboratório:
Dois estudos publicados nesta
quinta-feira nos Estados Unidos
revelam grandes avanços na criação
de um tecido pulmonar artificial. As descobertas
poderão ajudar em futuros transplantes ou em
testes de novas drogas. Em um dos estudos,
pesquisadores da Universidade Yale, em
Connecticut, implantaram um tecido pulmonar
criado em laboratório em ratos que funcionou
como tecido natural, permitindo que os animais
respirassem e transferissem oxigênio para as
células. No outro, cientistas da Universidade
Harvard, de Massachusetts, desenvolveram um
pequeno dispositivo pulmonar a partir de tecido
humano e de materiais sintéticos, a fim de testar
o efeito de toxinas ambientais e o funcionamento
de novas drogas. Os dois estudos salientam os
avanços no desenvolvimento de tecidos artificiais,
que combinam materiais sintéticos e células
humanas para funcionarem como órgãos naturais
Cientistas testam anticorpos de plástico em
animais: Moléculas de plástico desenvolvidas
para imitar os anticorpos e injetadas no corpo de
animais vivos por pesquisadores tiveram os
primeiros resultados registrados. Os cientistas
afirmam que os testes são importantes para o
desenvolvimento dessas partículas criadas para
atacar vírus e outros micro-organismos. As
informações são do Live Science. Os primeiros
testes tentaram neutralizar a melitina, uma toxina
presente no veneno de abelhas. De acordo com
os pesquisadores, quando em contato com a
melitina e acionados por uma reação química, os
anticorpos de plástico são capazes de formar
longas cadeias e impedir a ação do veneno no
organismo (JB Online/Ambiente Brasil).
Detector de enchentes e poluição:
Uma rede de sensores sem fio capaz
de
alertar
autoridades
sobre
inundações iminentes poderá ser
uma importante ferramenta de auxílio
aos órgãos de defesa civil. O equipamento de
monitoramento também é capaz de medir a
poluição dos rios. A novidade foi desenvolvida
pelo professor Jó Ueyama, do Instituto de
Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação da
Universidade de São Paulo (ICMC-USP), em São
Carlos.
Segundo ele, a poluição pode ser avaliada por
meio da condutividade elétrica da água. Quanto
mais limpa estiver a água menos eletricidade será
capaz de conduzir. Ou seja, quanto maior a
condutividade elétrica medida, maior será o grau
de poluição (Agência FAPESP).
USP lidera ranking de publicações iberoamericanas: A Universidade de São Paulo é a
instituição de ensino superior que mais publicou
artigos científicos no período de 2003 a 2008
entre os países ibero-americanos, segundo
ranking recém-divulgado. A instituição paulista
produziu 37.952 artigos no período, de acordo
com o SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) 2010,
produzido por um grupo de pesquisa sediado na
universidade espanhola de Granada e que reúne
pesquisadores de instituições na Espanha,
Portugal, Argentina e Chile. A Universidade
Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) ocupa o
terceiro lugar, com 14.913 artigos, depois da
Universidade Nacional Autônoma do México, com
17.395, e à frente da Universidade de Barcelona
(14.742). Entre os dez primeiros da lista ainda
figuram duas outras instituições de ensino
superior brasileiras, a Universidade Estadual
Paulista (Unesp), em sexto lugar, com 12.270
artigos publicados, e a Universidade Federal do
Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), em sétimo, com 12.133
(...) Mais informações e o ranking completo:
www.scimagoir.com (Agência FAPESP).
Agricultura de precisão com GPS: Um dos
principais desafios da agricultura moderna é
promover ganho de produtividade e economia de
recursos. Com o desenvolvimento da agricultura
de precisão, novas técnicas permitem que cada
área receba quantidades apropriadas de adubos
e corretivos e tenha tratamento localizado de
plantas invasoras, pragas e doenças que
contemple, além da aplicação minimizada de
insumos, a redução de impacto ambiental. (...)
Pesquisadores da Escola Superior de Agricultura
Luiz de Queiroz (Esalq) da Universidade de São
Paulo (USP) desenvolveram um veículo
instrumentado para testar uma metodologia para
ensaio cinemático com o GPS. De acordo com
José Paulo Molin, professor do Departamento de
Engenharia de Biossistemas da Esalq da USP, o
objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o desempenho
de receptores de GNSS (Global Navigation
Satellite Systems), buscando simular aplicações
agrícolas cinemáticas, como mapeamento de
colheitas, aplicação de insumos em taxa variável
e navegações em campo. GNSS é o termo
genérico para sistema de navegação por
satélites. Atualmente o único disponível é o GPS
norte-americano, com o Glonass russo em
processo de restauração e o Galileo europeu
previsto para 2014 (Agência FAPESP).
16
Estiagem no Sul: Um mapeamento realizado por
pesquisadores do Centro Regional Sul do Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (CRS/Inpe), em
Santa Maria (RS), aponta que a região Sul do
país tem enfrentado períodos de estiagem com
intensidade e frequência acima do normal. Os
pesquisadores do Núcleo de Aplicação e
Pesquisa de Geotecnologias em Desastres
Naturais e Eventos Extremos (Geodesastres)
utilizaram imagens de satélites para mapear as
áreas atingidas pela estiagem no Sul brasileiro no
período de dezembro de 2000 a junho de 2009. O
levantamento aponta que, nos verões de 2005 e
2009, foram comprometidas por intensa estiagem
áreas correspondentes a 187.726 km² e 198.857
km², respectivamente, o que corresponde a
33,3% e 34,3% da região Sul. Os resultados
mostram que os estados do Paraná e do Rio
Grande do Sul foram os mais afetados (Agência
FAPESP).
Zoologia da Unesp é premiada: O curso de
doutorado em zoologia do campus de Botucatu
da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
recebeu no dia 1º de junho uma menção honrosa
do prêmio Qualidade em Pós-Graduação
oferecido pela Associação Universitária IberoAmericana de Pós-Graduação (Auip). A cerimônia
de premiação fez parte da Assembleia Geral do
Portal Universia, que ocorreu em 31 de maio e 1º
de junho, em Guadalajara, no México. A Unesp
foi a única instituição brasileira entre os 15
contemplados na premiação (Agência FAPESP).
Mata Atlântica perdeu 20 mil hectares desde
2008: Dados parciais do projeto Atlas dos
Remanescentes Florestais da Mata Atlântica,
referentes ao período 2008-2010, revelam que a
Mata Atlântica perdeu 20.857 hectares de sua
cobertura vegetal, o que equivale à metade da
área do município de Curitiba (PR). O número foi
divulgado no dia 26 de maio pelo Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Inpe) em
evento promovido pela Fundação SOS Mata
Atlântica. O número é parcial porque o Inpe
analisou imagens feitas por satélites de 72% da
Mata Atlântica, com a atualização dos mapas de
nove entre os 17 Estados nos quais o bioma está
presente: Goiás, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais,
Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio
Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e São Paulo
(Agência FAPESP).
Lodo de esgoto substitui adubo mineral na
cana-de-açúcar: A utilização de lodo de esgoto
na adubação de cana-de-açúcar pode substituir
em 100% o uso do adubo mineral nitrogenado
necessário para a cultura da planta. Além dos
benefícios ambientais e ecológicos, a técnica
pode aumentar a produtividade e diminuir custos.
Essas são as conclusões da pesquisa
coordenada pelo professor Cassio Hamilton
Abreu Junior, do Centro de Energia Nuclear na
Agricultura (Cena) da USP, em Piracicaba.
Adubação de cana com lodo, em fazenda em Rio
das Pedras, interior de SPPela vantagem de
eliminar ou minimizar o uso de adubos minerais, a
utilização do lodo de esgoto no solo brasileiro
para fins agrícolas é estudada há quase 30 anos.
“Apesar desse tempo todo de estudo, o assunto é
relativamente
recente
no
Brasil
quando
comparado com EUA, Europa e Ásia, onde a
prática é mais antiga”, informa Abreu Junior.
Porém, a preocupação do pesquisador do Cena
em estudar o assunto ultrapassou o processo de
produção agrícola: abordou a contaminação do
solo, dos lençóis freáticos e dos próprios
alimentos (Agência USP).
Análise do clima reduz efeitos negativos na
agricultura:
Um
estudo
realizado
pelo
engenheiro agrícola Gabriel Constantino Blain, na
Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz
(Esalq) da USP, em Piracicaba, descreveu,
estatisticamente, as séries temporais de
precipitação pluvial (PRE), temperatura do ar
máxima e mínima do Estado de São Paulo nas
últimas seis décadas. A pesquisa de doutorado,
apresentada ao programa de pós-graduação em
Física do Ambiente Agrícola, considerou escalas
anual, mensal e absoluta, determinando as
respectivas
probabilidades
de
ocorrência,
possíveis periodicidades, tendências e variações
climáticas (Agência USP).
Aquecimento
global:
mais
brasileiros
integrarão o IPCC: O Painel Intergovernamental
de Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC, na sigla em
inglês) terá 26 cientistas brasileiros entre 831
especialistas que vão elaborar o Quinto Relatório
de Avaliação (AR5), que será publicado em 2014.
No relatório anterior, o Brasil participou com 13
pesquisadores. Segundo o IPCC, neste quinto
relatório haverá uma participação maior de
especialistas
vindos
de
países
em
desenvolvimento (30% do total) e também de
mulheres (25%). No entanto, a maior prioridade
foi dada a jovens pesquisadores que ainda não
haviam participado do IPCC e somam 60% do
total (JB Online/Ambiente Brasil).
Agricultura intensiva reduz aquecimento
global, diz estudo: Fertilizantes, pesticidas e
sementes híbridas de alto rendimento salvaram o
17
planeta de uma dose extra de aquecimento
global. Essa é a conclusão de uma nova análise
segundo a qual a intensificação da agricultura,
por meio da revolução verde, tem sido acusada
injustamente pela aceleração do aquecimento
global. Steven Davis, da Instituição Carnegie de
Washington, em Palo Alto, Califórnia, e colegas,
calcularam a quantidade de gases-estufa emitida
no último meio século se a revolução verde não
tivesse acontecido. O estudo foi publicado na
prestigiada revista “PNAS”. A análise incluiu
dióxido de carbono e outros gases, como metano
liberado por plantações de arroz. Os autores
notaram que, de modo geral, a intensificação da
agricultura ajudou a retirar o equivalente a 600
bilhões de tonelada de CO2 da atmosfera – cerca
de um terço de toda a emissão de gases-estufa
entre 1850 e 2005. As emissões foram reduzidas
por a revolução verde aumentou o rendimento
das plantações – por exemplo, ao promover o uso
de variedade híbridas, que produzem mais, e pela
uso generalizado de pesticidas e fertilizantes. Isso
significa que mais alimento pode ser produzido
sem a necessidade de cortar grandes áreas de
floresta (Folha.com/Ambiente Brasil).
Redução de geleira pode gerar escassez de
alimento na Ásia: Cerca de 60 milhões de
pessoas vivendo no entorno da cordilheira do
Himalaia deverá sofrer com falta de água nas
próximas décadas em consequência da redução
nas geleiras, informa um estudo divulgado nesta
quinta (10) na revista “Science”. O impacto da
redução nas geleiras, porém, será menor do que
anteriormente estimado pelo IPCC (Painel
Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas)
da ONU. O motivo da diferença, segundo os
autores do estudo, é que algumas das bacias que
cercam os Himalaias dependem mais da água
das chuvas do que do derretimento das geleiras
para se manter (Folha.com/Ambiente Brasil).
Brasil fica em 2º lugar em ranking de
‘consumo verde’: O Brasil ficou em segundo
lugar em um ranking de “consumo verde”
compilado pela National Geographic Society, uma
instituição científica e educacional com sede nos
Estados Unidos. A lista foi elaborada por meio de
entrevistas com 17 mil pessoas em 17 países,
entre emergentes e avançados, e mediu os
hábitos em relação a consumo e estilo de vida em
65 quesitos. O ranking elaborado a três anos,
chamado Greendex – uma fusão das palavras
“índice” (index) e “verde” (green) em inglês -, foi
novamente
encabeçado
pelas
economias
emergentes, com Índia, Brasil, China, México e
Argentina à frente. Americanos e canadenses
ficaram na lanterna, embora esses dois países
venham registrando progressos em termos de
comportamento ambiental desde o início da
medição, em 2008. A “nota” do Brasil foi 58
pontos, maior do que no ano passado (57,3), mas
menor do que no ano anterior (58,6). Refletindo
uma tendência geral, o melhor desempenho
brasileiro foi na questão da moradia, que procura
avaliar o impacto ambiental das residências
(G1/Ambiente Brasil).
Moléculas orgânicas super complexas são
encontradas no espaço: Moléculas como o
antraceno são prebióticas, o que significa que,
quando elas são submetidas à radiação
ultravioleta e combinadas com água e amônia,
podem
produzir
aminoácidos
e
outros
componentes essenciais para o desenvolvimento
da vida. Cientistas conseguiram identificar uma
das moléculas orgânicas mais complexas já
encontradas no material entre as estrelas, o
chamado meio interestelar. A descoberta do
antraceno no espaço profundo pode ajudar a
resolver um mistério astrofísico que desafia os
cientistas há décadas - como as moléculas
orgânicas podem surgir no espaço. O antraceno é
uma molécula formada por três anéis hexagonais
de carbono, circundados por átomos de
hidrogênio (Inovação Tecnológica).
ANA: produtores devem ser remunerados por
preservação: O gerente de uso sustentável da
água e do solo da Agência Nacional de Águas
(ANA), Devanir dos Santos, destacou na última
sexta-feira (18) a importância de remunerar os
produtores rurais que preservem nascentes e
florestas. Segundo ele, os custos da implantação
de práticas e manejos sustentáveis não podem
ficar restritos ao agricultor, uma vez que os
benefícios dessas ações ultrapassam as
fronteiras das propriedades (BeefPoint).
ONU e OCDE pedem código de conduta contra
a fome: A ONU e a OCDE pediram que a
comunidade internacional estabeleça um código
de conduta que regulamente o setor agrícola e
coordene conhecimentos e atividades na luta
contra a fome e a desnutrição no mundo. Este
pedido foi feito em informe conjunto da FAO
(Organização das Nações Unidas para a
Agricultura e a Alimentação) e da OCDE
(Organização para a Cooperação e o
Desenvolvimento Econômicos) em Roma. A
OCDE espera que o código de conduta, cujas
negociações são realizadas na sede central da
FAO em Roma, regulamente os investimentos e
elimine os subsídios (BeefPoint).
18
OCDE recomenda corte nos subsídios: A
Organização
para
Cooperação
e
Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) está
recomendando a seus 31 países-membros cobrar
impostos vinculados ao ambiente e eliminar cerca
de US$ 581 bilhões de subsídios agrícola,
pesqueiro e para gasolina. Argumenta que isso
teria a dupla vantagem de levantar recursos na
atual crise e encorajar o "crescimento verde" das
economias (BeefPoint).
Crédito rural cresce 26% na safra 2009/10:
Faltando dois meses para o fim da safra
2009/2010, a concessão de crédito para o setor
rural é quase 26% superior ao que foi aplicado no
mesmo período da safra anterior, passando de
R$ 57,6 bilhões para R$ 72,4 bilhões, entre julho
e abril. Apenas para a agricultura comercial foram
aplicados R$ 62,9 bilhões de julho a abril de
2009/2010 - 27% a mais do que no mesmo
período do ciclo 2008/2009. Para investimento, os
recursos passam de R$ 8 bilhões (FarmPoint).
Microscópio permite ver coração de pulga
batendo: Um microscópio que está sendo
mostrado em Londres permite observar o coração
de uma pulga d'água batendo. O microscópio está
exposto em uma feira de inovações da ciência,
engenharia e tecnologia da Royal Society,
entidade britânica de promoção da ciência que
está completando 350 anos em 2010 (Inovação
Tecnológica).
impacts. (…) Farming First argues that “Returning
farmers to the center of policy decisions is
fundamental
to
sustainable
development.
Governments, businesses, scientists and civil
society groups must focus attention on the source
of our food security. Women farmers should
become specially targeted recipients because of
their vital roles in the agricultural workforce,
household food procurement and preparation, and
family unit support” (ILRI Clippings).
New study says Green Revolution reduced
hunger–and carbon emissions: ‘The Green
Revolution of the 1960s raised crop yields and cut
hunger – and also saved decades worth of
greenhouse gas emissions, a study concludes.
‘US researchers found cumulative global
emissions since 1850 would have been one third
as much again without the Green Revolution’s
higher yields. ‘Although modern farming uses
more energy and chemicals, much less land
needs to be cleared. ‘The study is published in
Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences. ‘”Converting a forest or some scrubland
to an agricultural area causes a lot of natural
carbon in that ecosystem to be oxidized and lost
to the atmosphere,” said Steven Davis, from the
Carnegie Institution’s Department of Global
Ecology at Stanford University in California.” (BBC
News/ILRI Clippings).
Survey: most Americans cook at home to save
money: A new survey suggests that most
Americans don't feel like the recession has ended,
so they'll plan to continue cutting costs in their
food budgets. About 79 percent of the adults who
responded to the survey say it doesn't feel like the
Great Recession is over. Many Americans
changed their shopping and eating habits to save
money during the recession by cooking more
often and using coupons. About 79 percent of the
respondents said they planned to continue those
measures. Two-thirds of the people who
responded say they've even enjoyed becoming
more of a bargain hunter (Cattle Network).
Do livestock vaccines help reduce global
hunger and poverty? Brian Perry, a former
senior scientist at the International Livestock
Research Institute (ILRI), in Nairobi, Kenya, now a
visiting professor of tropical veterinary medicine at
the University of Oxford, in the latest issue of a
newsletter produced jointly by Oxford, the Jenner
Institute and the International Animal Health
Institute, all in the United Kingdom, writes: ‘While
vaccines are almost universally recognised as the
most effective tools to prevent infectious diseases,
the justification for livestock vaccines research,
and certainly for embarking on disease
eradication, now demands a more quantitative
and comparative understanding of the future
benefits to be reaped by different stakeholders . .
(ILRI Clippings).
Farming First launches new guide to food
security for G8 Summit: Since the food crisis
erupted in 2008, many global and regional food
security initiatives have been launched or
strengthened
in
response.
While
these
developments are welcome, improving policy and
implementation coherence is essential to ensure
that the various programmes have the desired
ILRI to build climate model to predict disease
outbreaks: The International Livestock Research
Institute (ILRI), a member of the Consultative
Group on International Agricultural Research
(CGIAR), has received a $4.4 million award for
research to build a climate model that can predict
outbreaks of infectious disease in Africa. ILRI will
work with 11 partners and researchers to integrate
19
data from climate modeling and disease
forecasting systems with the goal of predicting the
likelihood of epidemics six months in advance of
an outbreak. It aims to give decision makers
adequate time to deploy intervention mechanisms
to stop the large-scale spread of disease. The
research is being undertaken in Ghana, Malawi
and Senegal (ILRI Clippings).
US study claims intensive farms 'slow climate
change': Intensive farming has slowed down the
rate of climate change in the last 50 years, a US
study has claimed. The Carnegie Institute for
Science report, published in the Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences journal, said
‘the Green Revolution’ of the late 20th century
increased crop yields worldwide and helped feed
the growing global population. The Green
Revolution is a term used to describe the spread
of the new technologies in the latter half of the last
century. This included the development of highyielding varieties of cereal grains, the expansion
of irrigation infrastructure, and the distribution of
hybridised seeds, synthetic fertilisers, and
pesticides to farmers. Researchers estimate that
since 1961, higher yields per acre have avoided
the release of nearly 600b tonnes of carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere (Meat Info).
Two-thirds of UK public want their food to be
GM-free: A survey released today has found that
66% of British consumers would like their food to
be free of GM feed. Research conducted by GfK
NOP also found that 72% were prepared to pay
for non-genetically modified food. Furthermore,
89% wanted food with GM ingredients to be
clearly labelled, while 63% want supermarkets to
supply food of GM-free origin. According to
Friends of the Earth's food campaigner Kirtana
Chandrasekaran: “Consumers are more sceptical
than ever about genetic modification, and want to
be able to choose food that's guaranteed to be
GM-free (Meat Info).
Economic aspect of agriculture in 2010 and
beyond: The economic aspect of agriculture for
2010 shows more stability compared to the
economic outlook for 2009, according to an
annual joint report by the UN's Food and
Agriculture
Organisation
(FAO)
and
the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) entitled Agricultural Outlook
2010-19 (The Pig Site).
UK - Targeting innovations for the food chain:
A company to bring innovative technology to the
food chain from other industries has been set up
by two widely experienced entrepreneurs in the
global poultry business. Food Chain Innovation
Ltd is a joint venture between Jim Johnston,
formerly managing director of Grampian Country
Food Group's poultry business in the UK and
previously a director of Rainbow Chicken in South
Africa, and Allan Meldrum who has worked in the
poultry industry for 40 years latterly with Intervet
and Cobb in Europe and South Africa (The Meat
Site).
Safety of Vitamin E as a feed additive: An
investigation into the use of vitamin E as a
supplement in animal feed, has found that there is
no concern for consumers when it is used at
practical levels. The study was launched following
a request from European Commission to the
European Food Safety Authority to deliver a
scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of
vitamin E as a feed additive for all animal species.
Vitamin E is a well-established micro-nutrient for
all animal species. Vitamin E-based additives are
globally used in animal nutrition, and have been
for decades, to prevent vitamin E deficiency (The
Dairy Site).
Shielding animal health and ensuring food
safety? Since the '90s when BSE and other
animal diseases were delivering severe blows to
industry and consumer confidence alike, the
European Union has come a long way in its efforts
to reinforce Animal Health and Food Safety.
Traceability, the ability to follow animals or food
products throughout their lifecycle –from the
moment they are born or produced till they end up
in our plate: from farm to fork– has been at the
forefront of these efforts. These issues will be at
the heart of this year's EU Veterinary Week
(EVW), which starts on Monday, 14 June, and
ends on Sunday, June 20. A two-day conference
on identification and traceability along the food
chain will kick off this year's EVW (The Pig Site).
Prestigious sustainability award for Walmart
Brazil: Walmart Brazil and its CEO, Hector
Nunez, have been awarded the first annual C.K.
Prahalad Award for global sustainability
leadership, in recognition of their historic efforts to
protect the Amazon through innovative supply
chain mandates. The Corporate Eco Forum (CEF)
has awarded Walmart Brazil and its CEO, Hector
Nunez, the inaugural C.K. Prahalad Award for
Global Sustainability Leadership for their historic
work to preserve the Amazon. Mr Nunez will
accept the award tonight during the Gala Dinner
at the 3rd Annual Meeting of the Corporate Eco
Forum (The Pig Site).
20
Carbon footprinting in spotlight: Lower carbon
farming is still a major priority of Britain's biggest
retailer, producers will be told later this month at a
conference organised by Dairy UK in partnership
with DairyCo. Recession has not dented the
strong move towards more efficient food
production, delegates at Dairy UK’s Carbon and
Farming conference on 22 June will hear. In the
run-up to the event, Tesco Agricultural Manager
Emma Jones said that the supermarket was still
committed to becoming a 'zero carbon' business
by 2050 and reducing supply chain emissions by
30 per cent over the next decade. "In particular,
the carbon footprint of agricultural production is
going to be a major target for the industry in the
future," she said (The Dairy Site).
Wageningen researchers compare LCAs for
animal products: A first review of Life Cycle
Assessments (LCA), conducted at Wageningen
University, confirmed that the production of one
kilo of beef used most land and energy, and had
highest global warming potential (GWP), followed
by production of the same quantity of pork,
chicken, eggs and milk. Livestock production has
a major impact on the environment. Choosing a
more environmentally friendly livestock product in
a diet can mitigate environmental impact,
according to a new paper published in Livestock
Science (The Meat Site).
Education - get them talking: Science education
reform efforts have stressed the exchange of
ideas in the classroom. However, classroom
discussions can be problematic because of the
increasing abstraction of scientific concepts, lack
of student motivation, and lack of student
awareness of how to engage in discourse. To
better understand how high-school biology
teachers and students engage in discussion and
whether embedded curricular supports are
sufficient for promoting inquiry-based discussions,
Alozie et al. designed and enacted support
curriculum materials in two urban U.S. high
schools for 9th- and 10th-graders studying
molecular genetics. Data collection consisted
mainly of observing classroom dynamics and
analyzing videotaped sessions to find out which
discourse patterns teachers used, what types of
discussion ensued, and which participant—
teacher or student—initiated discussion. Results
showed that although teachers did increase their
attempts to engage in inquiry-based discussion
practices when using a support curriculum, they
still came back to the traditional pedagogy of
telling, rather than encouraging classroom
interactions, demonstrating that the curricular
supports provided were not sufficient to shift the
teachers' style (Science).
British study aims to help animal
welfare: Scientists say a postgraduate
research study at Britain's University
of Leicester is designed to promote
animal welfare in Cyprus and the United Kingdom.
The postgraduate research study being conducted
in the university's school of psychology by Alexia
Zalaf involves a questionnaire to measure
people's attitudes to animals, as well as animal
abuse, with a view to changing in the way people
and authorities tackle the issue. Zalaf's
supervisor, Professor Vince Egan, says the work
will provide a systematic tool for unders tanding
people who intentionally or inadvertently hurt
animals, enabling researchers to more fully
investigate the field (UPI.com).
RSPCA launches animal welfare business
awards: Animal charity the RSPCA has opened
entries for its 2010 'Good Business' nominations.
The awards seek to reward food retailers –
supermarkets, small retailers and pubs – that
source meat, fish, dairy and eggs from suppliers
that maintain high welfare standards. Entrants this
year will be judged on welfare of beef, dairy cattle,
poultry bred for meat, laying hens, pigs, sheep
and farmed fish; live transport of animals;
commitment to only selling meat from animals that
have been pre-stunned before slaughter; labelling;
import of meat and eggs from other countries and
farm inspection (Meat Info).
Guide helps auctions manage animal welfare
issues: Livestock auctions need to pay particular
attention to animal welfare issues because they
are a point of access for the general public. On
sale day, hundreds of trailers are loaded and
unloaded, cattle are moved up to five times during
their stay at the sale facility, cattle are
commingled, and there is a lot of urgency to move
cattle quickly. "Those livestock provide challenges
for the staff and sometimes the animals are not
handled well by the staff," said Dave Sjecklocha, a
veterinarian at the Haskell County Animal Hospital
in western Kansas. Sjecklocha spoke during the
International Symposium on Beef Cattle Welfare
held May 19 to 21 in Manhattan, Kan. He
explained how livestock auctions could use the
guide to animal handling and employee training
developed by the Livestock Marketing Association
to improve animal well-being at livestock auctions.
The guide begins with a series of questions for
livestock auction management to help evaluate
21
their facilities, risk management and employee
training. It helps them set standards for animal
handling at their facility. The guide addresses
topics such as electric prod usage, how to handle
loose animals, how to handle non-ambulatory
animals, euthanasia and the condition of
alleyways and gates (High Plains Journal).
American Humane Certified endorses colonies
for hens: American Humane Certified, the
American Humane Assn. animal welfare
certification program, announced yesterday (June
18) that it now accepts enriched colony cages as
humane systems for housing laying hens.
Previously, American Humane Certified did not
accept any kind of cage housing. American
Humane Certified called its decision "significant"
in that it offers egg producers two housing options
to conventional cages: cage-free and colonies.
American Humane Certified does not accept
conventional cages, which are used in most U.S.
operations but which have been banned in
California and Michigan on phase-out schedules
(Feed Stuffs).
Vets welcome vote for better welfare labeling:
The British Veterinary Association (BVA) has
welcomed the European Parliament vote to
improve the labelling of food, including new
country of origin labelling and a requirement to
label meat from animals slaughtered without
stunning (according to certain religious traditions).
On Wednesday 16th June the European
Parliament voted in favour of labelling for meat
from slaughter without stunning. The BVA
believes that all animals should be effectively
stunned before slaughter to improve the welfare of
these animals at slaughter. However, as long as
slaughter without stunning is permitted the BVA
has argued for any meat from this source to be
clearly labelled to enable all consumers to fully
understand the choice they are making when
purchasing such products (Pig Progress).
New Zealand - Funding boost for animal
welfare: The government has announced an $8.2
million boost for animal welfare funding. The
budget allocated $5 million to animal welfare
enforcement, $2 million for a review of the Animal
Welfare Act and $1.2m for SPCA enforcement
work. The $8.2m is over four years, and was
reprioritised from other Ministry of Agriculture and
Forestry spending. Agriculture Minister David
Carter said the funding was government
recognition of the importance of animal welfare.
"Most New Zealanders will not tolerate cruelty to
animals and extra support for the Royal New
Zealand SPCA will ensure greater focus on
enforcement" (TVNZ).
Training needed for best animal care: Proper
animal care on farms is critical because well cared
for animals translates into a more successful
operation and also an improved public image.
Almost all farmers seem to be under a consumer
magnifying glass; consequently, it’s now more
important than ever for all farmers and ranchers to
continue focusing on improved animal husbandry
practices. Various organizations around the
country provide their members with suggested
written protocols for dairy and beef producers.
The goal of both the Dairy Animal Care Quality
Assurance (DACQA) and Beef Quality Assurance
(BQA) programs is to provide protocols with best
management practices for dairy and beef
producers to better manage their herds and
improve consumer confidence (Farm and Dairy).
CAST addresses biotechnology, ethics and
animal welfare: The Council for Agricultural
Science and Technology has released a paper
that explores various ethical issues associated
with animal biotechnology, including the impact on
the animals themselves. The document, titled
"Issue Paper, Ethical Implications of Animal
Biotechnology: Considerations for Animal Welfare
Decision Making" was released last week and
presented at CAST’s food-animal agriculture
symposium in Washington, D.C., at USDA. The
paper explores the institutions and procedures
that govern biotechnology research, the
applications within the agricultural-food system, as
well as the relationships between humans and
other animals (CAST/Pork Magazine).
Malaysia probes British-funded animal testing
lab: Malaysia is considering shutting down a
controversial British-funded animal testing lab if
there is evidence of cruelty there, the goverment's
top veterinary official said on Sunday. Animal
rights campaigners have accused the Progenix
Research lab, which uses monkeys, dogs, rodents
and rabbits for toxicology testing, of poisoning the
animals to death. Veterinary Services director
Abdul Aziz Jamaludin said the company will be
ordered to shut down if his department finds
animals were subject to abuse, the Sunday Star
newspaper reported. "If animal testing cannot be
conducted in the United States or Europe, I see
no reason why they should be allowed here,"
Abdul Aziz was quoted as saying (Google News).
Animal wellbeing needs a multidisciplinary
approach: Boehringer Ingelheim held its 3rd
22
International Expert Forum on Farm Animal WellBeing on 4 June in the heart of historical
Barcelona. Some 100 participants from 10
different countries and a variety of scientific
disciplines attended the meeting, including welfare
scientists, behaviourists, veterinarians and
representatives from the livestock industry.
Marion Kluivers (Wageningen UR Livestock
Research, Netherlands) showed that the
administration of Metacam® in a group of
castrated piglets anaesthetised with local
lidocaine resulted in a reduction of pain-related
behaviours such as huddling and tail-wagging.
Kluivers also discussed new methods for
measuring pain in tail-docking, such as skin
temperature, heart rate or body weight. ‘The
future of pain research in farm animals lies in
establishing adequate pain relief protocols and
developing reliable and non-invasive methods of
measuring pain’, she concluded (Pig Progress).
SUGESTÃO DE LEITURA
Custos de Produção Agrícola: a metodologia
da CONAB
Disponível no site da CONAB. Clique aqui para
acessar.
O que é custo de produção?
Carina Simionato de Barros e Maria Angela
Machado Fernandes.
Disponível no Portal Farm Point. Clique aqui para
acessar.
A importância da participação dos produtores
nos programas de melhoramento genético
Camila Raineri e Augusto Hauber Gameiro
acessar.
Pablo Jimenez Aréchaga (resumido e adaptado
pela Equipe Farm Point)
acessar.
Projeto "VIVALEITE" como instrumento social
no Estado de São Paulo
Rosana de Oliveira Pithan e Silva e Carlos
Roberto Ferreira Bueno
Disponível no Portal Milk Point. Clique aqui para
acessar.
Projeções para o mercado lácteo mundial
Kennya Siqueira e Marcos de Almeida
Disponível no Panorama do Leite Online. Ano 4,
n.43, junho 2010, Embrapa Gado de Leite. Clique
aqui para acessar.
Emissões de gases do efeito estufa no Brasil:
A nova imagem para os sistemas de produção
de leite
Heloísa Carneiro
aqui para acessar.
Impactos Ambientais da Pecuária de Leite
Jisleny da Cruz e Heloisa Carneiro
aqui para acessar.
Religion's regressive hold on animal rights
issues: How are we to promote the need for
improved animal welfare when battling
religious views formed centuries ago?
Peter Singer
Available at The Guardian. Click here to access it.
Alternativas para uma caprinocultura
sustentável
Camila Raineri e Augusto Hauber Gameiro
LIVROS
acessar.
O caminho para um mundo mais sustentável
Nicholas Stern
Elsevier
O que ocorre com a carne ovina no mundo visão do Uruguai
Falsa Economia - Uma Surpreendente Historia
Econômica do Mundo
Alan Beattle
23
Editora Jorge Zahar
Laura Hobgood-Oster
Toyota: O segredo da inovação
Matthew May, Kevin Roberts
Animal Protection: Treatment and Welfare
Issues
Dennis G. Carlton (Editor)
Campus-Elsevier
Os 100 melhores livros de negócios de todos
os tempos
Jack Covert, Todd Sattersten
Elsevier
Ética e Ficção: de Aristóteles a Tolkien
Ives Gandra Martins Filho
Elsevier
Biocentrism: How Life and Consciousness are
the Keys to Understanding the True Nature of
the Universe
Bob Berman, Bob Berman
Life Ascending: The Ten Great Inventions of
Evolution
Nick Lane
EVENTOS
Simpósio Produção Animal e Recursos
Hídricos
Concórdia SC – 08 e 09 de julho de 2010
www.cnpsa.embrapa.br
21st International Pig Veterinary Society
(IPVS) Congress
Vancouver, Canada - July 18 – 21, 2010
http://www.ipvs2010.com/
Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins
Donald Johanson, Kate Wong
The End of the Free Market: Who Wins the War
Between States and Corporations?
Ian Bremmer
The Age of Wonder: The Romantic Generation
and the Discovery of the Beauty and Terror of
Science
Richard Holmes
Farm Sanctuary: Changing Hearts and Minds
About Animals and Food
Gene Baur
Wellbeing: The Five Essential Elements
Tom Rath, James K. Harter
Management and Welfare of Farm Animals:
The Ufaw Farm Handbook
John Webster (Editor)
Animal Rights: Introducing
Opposing Viewpoints
Lauri S. Friedman
Issues
48º Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de
Economia, Administração e Sociologia Rural
(SOBER)
Campo Grande MS - 25 a 28 de julho de 2010
www.sober48.com.br
XXXIX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia
Agrícola
IV Congreso Latinoamericano y Del Caribe de
Ingeniaría Agrícola
Vitória ES – 25 a 29 de julho de 2010
http://www.sbea.org.br/clia2010/
37º Congresso Brasileiro de Medicina
Veterinária (CONBRAVET)
Rio de Janeiro RJ – 26 a 30 de julho de 2010
www.conbravet2010.com.br
With
On Parade: The Hidden World of Animals in
Entertainment
Rob Laidlaw
The
Friends
We
Keep:
Unleashing
Christianity's Compassion for Animals
47ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia (SBZ)
Salvador BA, 27 a 30 de julho de 2010
http://www.reuniaosbz.com.br/
24
VI Congresso Internacional de Medicina
Veterinária FEI/CBH
São Paulo SP - 14 e 15 de agosto de 2010
www.caballiana.com.br
Workshop da Comissão de Ética no Uso de
Animais da FMVZ/USP
São Paulo SP – 18 de agosto de 2010
[email protected]
http://www.waterlat.org/pt/index.html
VI Congresso Nordestino de Produção Animal
XII Simpósio Nordestino de Alimentação de
Ruminantes
Mossoró RN - 29 de novembro a 02 de dezembro
de 2010
www.snpa.org.br
10º Interleite
Uberlândia MG – 19 a 21 de agosto de 2010
http://www.milkpoint.com.br/interleite2010/inscrica
o.html
XVII Congresso da Sociedade Paulista de
Zoológicos
São Paulo SP – 20 a 24 de agosto de 2010
www.zoologico.sp.gov.br
III Workshop de Nutrição de Suínos
Nova Odessa SP - 27 de agosto de 2010
www.iz.sp.gov.br
71st Minnesota Nutrition Conference
Owatonna, MN, USA - September 21-22, 2010
http://www.ansci.umn.edu/mnc.html
10ª Conferência Internacional de Caprinos
Recife PE, 19 a 23 de setembro de 2010
www.iga2010.com.br
Simpósio de Pesquisa em Medicina
Veterinária 2010
Viçosa MG – 20 a 24 de setembro de 2010
www.posvet.ufv.br/simposio2010
Congresso Brasileiro de Agricultura de
Precisão
Ribeirão Preto SP - 27 a 29 de setembro de 2010
http://www.sbea.org.br/conbap2010/principal.html
V Research Workshop on “Institutions and
Organizations”
Sao Paulo SP - October 3rd-5th
www.pensa.org.br
XV Congresso Mundial da Raça Brahman
Uberaba MG - 17 a 24 de outubro de 2010
WWW.brahamancongress.com
EQUIPE
Augusto Hauber Gameiro
[email protected]
Professor da FMVZ/USP
Teresa Cristina Alves
[email protected]
Doutoranda da FZEA/USP
Rubens Nunes
[email protected]
Professor da FZEA/USP
CONTATO
USP / FMVZ / VNP / LAE
Laboratório de Análises Socioeconômicas e
Ciência Animal
Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225 - Campus USP
CEP 13.635-900, Pirassununga - SP
Telefone: (19) 3565 4300
Fax: (19) 3565 4295
http://lae.fmvz.usp.br
Conferência Internacional da Rede
WATERLAT (Rede de pesquisas voltada para o
tema da Governabilidade e da Cidadania na
Gestão da Água e da Saúde Ambiental na
América Latina)
São Paulo SP - 25 a 27 de outubro de 2010
25
SOBRE O BOLETIM ELETRÔNICO
“SOCIOECONOMIA & CIÊNCIA ANIMAL”
Trata-se de um projeto de extensão vinculado ao Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Produção Animal da Faculdade
de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/USP). O projeto
conta com a participação da Faculdade de Zootecnia e
Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA/USP).
O boletim eletrônico tem o objetivo de divulgar os resultados
de pesquisas desenvolvidas e publicadas nacionalmente e
internacionalmente, e que tenham como campo de
investigação, as Ciências Humanas aplicadas diretamente ou
conjuntamente à Ciência Animal.
Portanto, este projeto de extensão procura contribuir para o
desenvolvimento científico baseado na multidisciplinaridade.
O boletim é de livre acesso a todos que tenham interesse,
bastando enviar uma mensagem solicitando a inclusão do email destinatário para o seu recebimento.
Críticas, idéias e sugestões sempre serão bem vindas.
Para solicitar cadastramento na lista de destinatários ou
cancelamento do recebimento, favor escrever
para: [email protected]
Escreva para o mesmo e-mail se desejar receber
as edições anteriores (de no. 1 a 21).
Clique aqui para ter acesso às edições anteriores.
26

Boletim eletrônico do LAE/FMVZ/USP, ed. 22, 30 jun. 2010

Transcrição

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